UMTS frequency bands

GSM所有频段频点

GSM frequency bandsGSM frequency bands or frequency ranges are the cellular frequencies designated by the ITU for the operation of GSM mobile phones.GSM frequency bandsThere are fourteen bands defined in 3GPP TS 45.005, which succeeded 3GPP TS 05.05:System Band Uplink (MHz) Downlink (MHz) Channel numberT-GSM-380380380.2–389.8390.2–399.8dynamicT-GSM-410410410.2–419.8420.2–429.8dynamicGSM-450450450.4–457.6460.4–467.6259–293GSM-480480478.8–486.0488.8–496.0306–340GSM-710710698.0–716.0728.0–746.0dynamicGSM-750750747.0–762.0777.0–792.0438–511T-GSM-810810806.0–821.0851.0–866.0dynamicGSM-850850824.0–849.0869.0–894.0128–251P-GSM-900900890.2–914.8935.2–959.81–124E-GSM-900900880.0–914.8925.2–959.8975–1023, 0-124R-GSM-900900876.0–914.8921.0–959.8955–1023, 0-124T-GSM-900900870.4–876.0915.4–921.0dynamicDCS-180018001710.2–1784.81805.2–1879.8512–885PCS-190019001850.0–1910.01930.0–1990.0512–810•P-GSM, Standard or Primary GSM-900 Band•E-GSM, Extended GSM-900 Band (includes Standard GSM-900 band)•R-GSM, Railways GSM-900 Band (includes Standard and Extended GSM-900 band)•T-GSM, TETRA-GSMGSM-900, GSM-1800 and EGSM/EGSM-900GSM-900 and GSM-1800 are used in most parts of the world: Europe, Middle East, Africa, Australia, Oceania (and most of Asia). In South and Central America the following countries use the following:•Costa Rica - GSM-1800•Brazil - GSM-850, 900, 1800 and 1900•Guatemala - GSM-850, GSM-900 and 1900•El Salvador - GSM-850, GSM-900 and 1900GSM-900 uses 890–915 MHz to send information from the mobile station to the base station (uplink) and 935–960 MHz for the other direction (downlink), providing 124 RF channels (channel numbers 1 to 124) spaced at 200 kHz. Duplex spacing of 45 MHz is used. Guard bands 100 kHz wide are placed at either end of the range of frequencies.[1]GSM-1800GSM-1800 uses 1710–1785 MHz to send information from the mobile station to the base tranceiver station (uplink) and 1805–1880 MHz for the other direction (downlink), providing 374 channels (channel numbers 512 to 885). Duplex spacing is 95 MHz. GSM-1800 is also called DCS (Digital Cellular Service) in the United Kingdom, while being called PCS in Hong Kong[2] (not to mix up with GSM-1900 which is commonly called PCS in the rest of the world.) Mobile Communication Services on Aircraft (MCA) uses GSM1800.[3]GSM-850 and GSM-1900GSM-850 and GSM-1900 are used in Canada, the United States and many other countries in the Americas.•GSM-850 uses 824–849 MHz to send information from the mobile station to the base station (uplink) and 869–894 MHz for the other direction (downlink). Channel numbers are 128 to 251.GSM-850 is also sometimes called GSM-800 because this frequency range was known as the "800 MHz band"(for simplification) when it was first allocated for AMPS in the United States in 1983.The term Cellular is sometimes used to describe the 850 MHz band, because the original analog cellular mobile communication system was allocated in this spectrum.•GSM-1900 uses 1850–1910 MHz to send information from the mobile station to the base station (uplink) and 1930–1990 MHz for the other direction (downlink). Channel numbers are 512 to 810.PCS is the original name in North America for the 1900 MHz band. It is an initialism for Personal Communications Service.•Note: Telstra in Australia uses the 850Mhz for its Next G network (3G)GSM-450Another less common GSM version is GSM-450.[4] It uses the same band as, and can co-exist with, old analog NMT systems. NMT is a first generation (1G) mobile phone system which was primarily used in Nordic countries, Benelux, Alpine Countries, Eastern Europe and Russia prior to the introduction of GSM. It operates in either 450.4–457.6 MHz paired with 460.4–467.6 MHz (channel numbers 259 to 293), or 478.8–486 MHz paired with 488.8–496 MHz (channel numbers 306 to 340). The GSM Association claims one of its around 680 operator-members has a license to operate a GSM 450 network in Tanzania. However, currently all active public operators in Tanzania use GSM 900/1800 MHz. Overall, where the 450 MHz NMT band exists, it either still runs NMT, or its been replaced by CDMA. GSM-450 is a provision, it has not seen commercial deployment.GSM frequency usage across the worldThe AmericasIn North America, GSM operates on the primary mobile communication bands 850 MHz and 1900 MHz. In Canada, GSM-1900 is the primary band used in urban areas with 850 as a backup, and GSM-850 being the primary rural band. In the United States, regulatory requirements determine which area can use which band.GSM-1900 and GSM-850 are also used in most of South and Central America, and both Ecuador and Panama use GSM-850 exclusively (Note: Since November 2008, a Panamanian operator has begun to offer GSM-1900 service). Venezuela and Brazil use GSM-850 and GSM-900/1800 mixing the European and American bands. Some countries in the Americas use GSM-900 or GSM-1800, some others use 3, GSM-850/900/1900, GSM-850/1800/1900, GSM-900/1800/1900 or GSM-850/900/1800. Soon some countries will use GSM-850/900/1800/1900 MHZ like the Dominican Republic, Trinidad & Tobago and Venezuela.In Brazil, the 1900 MHz band is paired with 2100 MHz to form the IMT-compliant 2100 MHz band for 3G services.The result is a mixture of usage in the Americas that requires travelers to confirm that the phones they have are compatible with the band of the networks at their destinations. Frequency compatibility problems can be avoided through the use of multi-band (tri-band or, especially, quad-band), phones.Europe, Middle East and AsiaIn Europe, Middle East and Asia most of the providers use 900 MHz and 1800 MHz bands. GSM-900 is most widely used. Fewer operators use DCS-1800 and GSM-1800. A dual-band 900/1800 phone is required to be compatible with almost all operators. At least the GSM-900 band must be supported in order to be compatible with many operators.Multi-band and multi-mode phonesToday, most telephones support multiple bands as used in different countries to facilitate roaming. These are typically referred to as multi-band phones. Dual-band phones can cover GSM networks in pairs such as 900 and 1800 MHz frequencies (Europe, Asia, Australia and Brazil) or 850 and 1900 (North America and Brazil). European tri-band phones typically cover the 900, 1800 and 1900 bands giving good coverage in Europe and allowing limited use in North America, while North American tri-band phones utilize 850, 1800 and 1900 for widespread North American service but limited worldwide use. A new addition has been the quad-band phone, also known as a world phone, supporting all four major GSM bands, allowing for global use (excluding non-GSM countries such as Japan). There are also multi-mode phones which can operate on GSM as well as on other mobile phone systems using other technical standards or proprietary technologies. Often these phones use multiple frequency bands as well. For example, one version of the Nokia 6340i GAIT phone sold in North America can operate on GSM-1900, GSM-850 and legacy TDMA-1900, TDMA-800, and AMPS-800, making it both multi-mode and multi-band.Note that while the Nexus One, like many other devices on the market, may also become available in a UMTS I/II/IV or 2100/1900/850MHz combo,[5] it would still be considered tri-band UMTS, not quad-band, as the hardware is limited to supporting any 3 bands at one time. Further, as HSPA runs atop UMTS, it would not be considered a "mode" by strict definition.See also•3GPP•Cellular frequencies•OD-GPS•Roaming•UMTS frequency bands•United States 2008 wireless spectrum auctionReferences[1]Rappaport, Theodore S., Wireless Communications: Principles and Practices, 2nd Ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 2002. p. 554.[2]OFTA of HK, Office of the Telecommunications Authority (.hk/en/ad-comm/tsac/tsacpaper.html)[3]http://europa.eu/rapid/pressReleasesAction.do?reference=MEMO/08/220&format=HTML&aged=1&language=EN&guiLanguage=en[4]Ericsson, Nokia Eye 450 MHz GSM technology (/Sections/News/Print.aspx?NewsId=15254)[5]"Nexus One for AT&T's 3G bands likely in the works" (/2010/01/29/nexus-one-for-atandts-3g-bands-likely-in-the-works/). Engadget. 2010. .External links•GSM Coverage Maps and Roaming Information (/roaming/gsminfo/index.shtml) GSM World's listing of countries, frequencies, and roaming agreements.• - Publications - Current Coverage Maps (/gsmposter.htm) Charts of GSM/3GSM coverage and frequency usage for the world, Europe, Asia and the Americas • - History of GSM and More (/telecom-articles/History-of-GSM-and-More.html) GSM history, technology, bands, multi-band phones•3GPP Specification detail TS 05.05 (/ftp/Specs/html-info/0505.htm) Specification 3GPP TS 05.05 Radio Transmission and Reception•3GPP Specification detail TS 45.005 (/ftp/Specs/html-info/45005.htm) Specification 3GPP TS 45.005 Radio Transmission and Reception•3GPP Specifications for group: R4 (/ftp/Specs/html-info/TSG-WG--R4.htm) -Frequencies info for UMTS (TS 25.101/102/104/105)Article Sources and Contributors5 Article Sources and ContributorsGSM frequency bands Source: /w/index.php?oldid=406281515 Contributors: Aldaron, Amakader, Andros 1337, Armando82, Arteitle, BBCWatcher, Bachrach44,Beland, Blkballoon925, Bwilkins, Bwooce, Cassamine, ChrisHarris, ChrisUK, Chrisbolt, Colin Douglas Howell, Condem, Daydalaus, Desherinka, DrDeke, Enenn, Enquire, Eurolite x3, GJDR, Gaminrey, Githin, GoLLoMboje, Gordeonbleu, Guettarda, Gyrferret, Hamiltha, Improtas, Instantnood, Iwfi, Jareha, Jidanni, Jim.henderson, JohnTechnologist, Keres, Komiksulo, Kozuch,Kragen, LMB, Maksdo, Martin451, Melchoir, Mineralè, Moogle10000, Muhandes, Myscrnnm, Naddy, Nisselua, Nopetro, Notmicro, Omicronpersei8, Onorem, Otsego, Pan Camel, Patcat88,Peeperman, Pmbarros, Puelly, Puneetsohi1984, Quercus basaseachicensis, Radiojon, Rama, RobNich, Sam Hocevar, Sander123, Saxphile, Sciurinæ, Shanes, Sidonuke, Sloopjkb, Snickerdo,Starionwolf, Stephan Leeds, Stevage, Towel401, VCA, Verkhovensky, Vilpan, Yapkhs, ZorroIII, ترجمان05, 水水, 218 anonymous editsLicenseCreative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported/licenses/by-sa/3.0/。

移动通信频段划分

移动通信频段划分第一点：全球移动通信频段的划分及应用全球移动通信频段的划分是根据国际电信联盟（ITU）的规范进行的，主要分为几个大类，其中包括了GSM、UMTS、LTE和5G等不同的移动通信技术所使用的频段。

GSM频段，也就是2G网络使用的频段，主要集中在800MHz到1800MHz之间，这个频段由于技术成熟，信号覆盖能力强，因此在一些偏远地区仍然在使用。

UMTS频段，也就是3G网络使用的频段，主要集中在1900MHz到2100MHz之间，这个频段的信号传输速度比GSM频段要快，但是覆盖能力相对较弱。

LTE频段，也就是4G网络使用的频段，主要集中在700MHz到2700MHz之间，这个频段的信号传输速度更快，覆盖能力也更强，是目前全球范围内最主要的移动通信频段之一。

5G频段，也就是5G网络使用的频段，主要集中在3400MHz到8625MHz之间，这个频段的信号传输速度更快，可以达到GSM的100倍，LTE的10倍以上，是未来移动通信技术的发展方向。

不同的频段有不同的应用场景和优缺点，因此在实际的网络建设过程中，需要根据实际情况进行选择和使用。

第二点：我国移动通信频段的划分及管理我国的移动通信频段划分和管理是根据国家无线电管理机构的规范进行的，主要分为几个大类，其中包括了GSM、UMTS、LTE和5G等不同的移动通信技术所使用的频段。

GSM频段，也就是2G网络使用的频段，主要集中在880MHz到960MHz和1710MHz到1880MHz之间，这个频段由于技术成熟，信号覆盖能力强，因此在一些偏远地区仍然在使用。

UMTS频段，也就是3G网络使用的频段，主要集中在1920MHz到2170MHz之间，这个频段的信号传输速度比GSM频段要快，但是覆盖能力相对较弱。

LTE频段，也就是4G网络使用的频段，主要集中在700MHz、1755MHz到1765MHz和1765MHz到1785MHz、2300MHz到2400MHz之间，这个频段的信号传输速度更快，覆盖能力也更强，是目前我国范围内最主要的移动通信频段之一。

UMTS 分类

UMTSUMTS(Universal Mobile Telecommunications System)，意即通用移动通信系统。

UMTS是国际标准化组织3GPP制定的全球3G标准之一。

作为一个完整的3G移动通信技术标准，UMTS并不仅限于定义空中接口。

它的主体包括CDMA接入网络和分组化的核心网络等一系列技术规范和接口协议。

除WCDMA作为首选空中接口技术获得不断完善外，UMTS 还相继引入了TD-SCDMA和HSDPA技术。

WCDMA全名是WidebandCDMA，中文译名为“宽带分码多工存取”，它可支持384Kbps到2Mbps不等的数据传输速率，在高速移动的状态，可提供384Kbps的传输速率，在低速或是室内环境下，则可提供高达2Mbps的传输速率。

而GSM系统目前只能传送9.6Kbps，固定线路Modem 也只是56Kbps的速率，由此可见WCDMA是无线的宽带通讯。

在同一些传输通道中，它还可以提供电路交换和分包交换的服务，因此，消费者可以同时利用交换方式接听电话，然后以分包交换方式访问因特网，这样的技术可以提高移动电话的使用效率，使得我们可以超过越在同一时间只能做语音或数据传输的服务的限制。

（1）、GSM900，其技术参数：频段：上行：（890--915）MHZ，移动台发，下行：（935--960）MHZ，移动台收。

（2）、DCS1800，频段：上行：（1710-1785）MHZ，移动台发，下行：（1805-1880）MHZ，移动台收。

（3）、PCS1900，频段：上行：（1850-1910）MHZ，移动台发，下行：（1930-1990）MHZ，移动台收。

PCS是Personal Communications Service的缩写，意思是"个人通讯服务"。

这是美国联邦通讯委员会(FCC)使用的一个术语，专指正在美国部署的一套数字蜂窝技术。

PCS包括CDMA(也称作IS－95)，GSM和主要用于北美的TDMA(也叫IS －136)。

10-UMTS常用无线参数介绍-29

PRACH初始发射功率修正值(Constant Value)
参数描述：UE计算PRACH的前导初始发射功率时用到的修正值。它是一个与小区环境相关的量，且此值与PRACH所承载的业务速率和品质因素相关，UE从系统广播消息中获取。
取值范围：(-35..-10)dB。
缺省值：-20dB
设置方式：后台设定
调整方法：Constant Value反映的是PRACH的初始前导的初始发射功率是否在比较合适的范围
缺省值：-4dB。
设置方式：后台设定
调整方法：同P-SCH
BCH发射功率(BCHPower)
参数描述：小区BCH的发射功率，是相对于本小区的主公共导频信道发射功率的相对值（dB）。BCH映射到P-CCPCH物理信道，一个小区只有一条P-CCPCH（BCH）。BCH上承载的是系统广播信息。功率设置太大会降低系统的有效容量和增大干扰；太小可能会造成覆盖区UE无法注册入网，导致呼叫失败。
UMTS常用无线参数介绍
中兴通讯学院
第一章
无线参数分类说明
按照参数作用的接口来分，UMTS无线参数可以大致分为二类，一类是在无线接口（Uu）上传输的参数，这类参数一般在WCDMA规范中都有严格的定义，以保证Uu接口的标准性；另一类则是用于Node B的各种内部控制操作。
按照参数使用对象来分，无线参数可以分为小区公共参数和系统性能（用户使用）参数两大类，并在此基础上按功能进行细分。
取值范围：(-35..+15dB)step 0.1dB；
缺省值：-3 dB
公共信道建立参数
S-CCPCH信道参数
FACH和PCH可以同时映射到S-CCPCH上，一条S-CCPCH可以映射多条FACH，但最多只能映射1条PCH，由于PICH与PCH是一一对应的关系，因此把PICH的发射功率参数也放到SCCPCH中整理。

umts标准 (1)

umts标准UMTS标准是第三代移动通信技术的一种标准，全称为Universal Mobile Telecommunications System，即通用移动通信系统。

它是由国际电信联盟（ITU）制定的一种全球性的移动通信标准，旨在提供更高速、更稳定的移动通信服务。

UMTS标准的出现，标志着移动通信技术进入了一个新的时代。

相比于第二代移动通信技术，UMTS标准具有更高的数据传输速率和更低的延迟，能够支持更多的用户同时进行语音通话、视频通话和数据传输。

这使得人们可以更方便地进行远程办公、在线教育、视频会议等活动，极大地提高了工作效率和生活质量。

UMTS标准的核心技术是WCDMA（Wideband Code Division Multiple Access），即宽带码分多址技术。

它采用了一种新的信号调制方式，能够在有限的频谱资源下实现更高的数据传输速率。

同时，UMTS标准还引入了分组交换技术，将语音、视频和数据等不同类型的信息分割成小的数据包进行传输，提高了网络的利用率和传输效率。

UMTS标准的推广和应用，离不开移动通信运营商的支持和投资。

为了建设UMTS网络，运营商需要购买UMTS基站设备、扩充网络覆盖范围，并进行相关的技术改造和优化。

这无疑是一项庞大的工程，需要巨大的资金投入和技术支持。

然而，UMTS标准的优势和潜力，使得运营商愿意投资并推广这项技术。

UMTS标准的应用领域非常广泛。

除了提供基本的语音通信功能外，它还可以支持高清视频通话、移动互联网、移动支付、智能家居等应用。

随着智能手机的普及和移动互联网的发展，UMTS标准的应用前景非常广阔。

人们可以通过手机随时随地访问互联网，获取各种信息，进行在线购物、在线支付等活动，极大地方便了人们的生活。

UMTS标准的发展也面临一些挑战。

首先，UMTS网络的建设和维护成本较高，需要运营商投入大量的资金和人力资源。

其次，UMTS标准的频谱资源有限，随着用户数量的增加和数据传输量的增加，频谱资源可能会出现瓶颈。

科技英语中英文对照翻译

mobile and cellular radio移动和细胞广播in comparison to the relative stability and modest technical developments which are occurring in long haul wideband microwave communication systems there is rapid development and expanding deployment of new mobile personal communication system. These rang from wide coverage area pagers,for simple data message transmission,which employ common standards and hence achieve contiguous coverage over large geographical areas,such as all the major urban centres and transport routes in Europe,Asia or the continental USA.This chapter discusses the special channel characteristics of mobile systems and examines the typical cellular clusters adopted to achieve continuous communication with the mobile user.It then highlights the important properties of current,and emerging,TDMA and code division multiple access(CDMA), mobile digital cellular communication systems.Private mobile radioTerrestrial mobile radio works best at around 250 MHz as lower frequencies than this suffer from noise and interference while higher frequencies experience multipath propagation from buildings,etc,section 15.2.In practice modest frequency bands are allocated between 60MHz and 2GHz. Private mobile radio(PMR) is the system which is used by taxi companies,county councils,health authorities,ambulance services,fire services,the utility industries,etc,for mobile communications.PMR has three spectral at VHF,one just below the 88 to 108 MHz FM broadcast band and one just above this band with another allocation at approximately 170MHz.There are also two allocations at UHF around 450MHz. all these spectral allocations provide a total of just over 1000 radio channels with the channels placed at 12KHz channel spacings or centre frequency offsets. Within the 12khz wide channal the analogue modulation in PMR typically allows 7khz of bandwidth for the signal transmission.when further allowance is made for the frequency drift in the oscillators of these systems a peak deviation of only 2 to 3 khz is available for the speech traffic. Traffic is normally impressed on these systems by amplitude modulation or frequency modulation and again the receiver is of the ubiquitous superheterodyne design,Figure 1.4. A double conversion receiver with two separate local oscillator stages is usually required to achieve the required gain and rejection of adjacent channel signals.One of the problems with PMR receiver is that they are requiredto detect very small signals,typically—120dBm at the antenna output,corresponding to 0.2 uV,and,after demodulating this signal,produce ann output with perhaps 1W of audio equipment, the first IF is normally at10.7MHz and the second IF is very orten at 455KHz . unfortunately,with just over 1000 available channels for the whole of the UK and between 20000and30000issued licences for these systems,it is inevitable that the average busuness user will have to share the allocated channel with other companies in their same geographical area.There are various modes of operation for mobile radio communications networks, the simplest of which is singal frequency simplex. In simplex communication, traffic is broadcast, or one way. PMR uses half duplex(see later Table 15.3) where, at the end of each transmission period, there is a handover of the single channel to the user previously receiving, in order to permit them to reply over the same channel. This is efficient in that it requires only one frequency allocation for the communication link but it has the disadvantage that all units canhear all transmissions provided they are within rage of the mobile and frequencies are allocated for the transmissions. One frequency is used for the forward or downlink, namely base-to-mobile communications. This permits simultaneous two-way communication and greatly reduces the level of interference, but it halves other’s transmissions, which can lead to contention with two mobiles attempting to initiate a call, at the same time, on the uplink in a busy syetem.Although PMR employs relatively simple techniques with analogue speech transmission there have been many enhancements to these systems over the years . Data transmission is now in widespread use in PMR systems using FSK modulation. Data transmission also allows the possibility of hard copy graphics output and it gives direct access to computer services such as databases, etc. Data prembles can also be used, in a selective calling mode, when initiating a transmission to address a special receiver and thus obtain more privacy within the system.15.4.5 Trunked radio for paramilitary use集群无线电的军事使用Another related TDMA mobile radio standard is the European trunked radio(TETRA)network which has been developed as part of the public safety radio communications service(PSRCS) for use by police, utilities, customs office, etc. TETRA in fact is part of wider international collaborations for paramilitary radio use.In these portable radios there is a need for frequency hopping (FH) to give an antieavesdropping capability and encryption for security of transmission to extend military mobile radio capabilities to paramilitary use, i.e. for police, customs and excise offices, etc. these capabilities are included in the multiband interteam radio for the associated public safety communications office in the USA while Europe has adopted the TETRA standard.TETRA is essentially the digital TDMA replacement of the analogue PMR systems. The TETRA standard has spectrum allocations of 380 to 400 and 410 to 430MHz, with the lower band used for mobile transmissions and the upper band for base station use. TETRA mobile have 1 W output power and the base stations 25 W using error with the data throughput rate varying, to meet the required quality of service. TETRA can accommodate up to four users each with a basic speech or data rate of 7.2kbit/s. with coding and signaling overheads, the final transmission rate for the four-user slot is 36 kbit/s. this equipment is large and more sophisticated than a commercial cell phone, and it sells for a very much higher price becase the production runs are much small. However, its advanced capabilities are essential for achieving paramilitary communications which are secure from eavesdropping.15.5 Code division multiple accessAnalogue communication systems predominantly adopt frequency division multiple access (FDMA), where each subscriber is allocated a narrow frequency slot within the available channel. The alternative TDMA(GSM) technique allocates the entire channel bandwidth to a subscriber but constrains the subscriber but constrains the subscriber to transmit only regular short bursts of wideband signal. Both these accessing techniques are well established for long haulterrestrial, satellite and mobile communications as they offer very good utilization of the available bandwidth.15.5.1The inflexibility of these coordinated accessing techniques has resulted in the development of new systems based on the uncoordinated spread spectrum concept. In these systems the bits of slow speed data traffic from each subscriber are deliberately multiplied by a high chip rate spreading code, forcing the low rate (narrowband data signal) to fill a wide channel bandwidth.15.7.2 3G systemsThe evolution of the third generation (3G)system began when the ITU produce the initial recommendations for a new universal mobile telecommunications system(UMTS)[www.] The 3G mobile radio service provides higher data rate services ,with a maximum data rate in excess of 2Mbit/s, but the achievable bit rate is linked to mobility. Multimedia applications encompass services such as voice, audio/video, graphics, data, Internet access and e-mail. These packet and circuit switched services have to be supported by the radio interface and the network subsystem.Several radio transmission technologies(RTT) were evaluated by the ITU and adopted into the new standard, IMT-2000. the European standardization body for 3G, the ETSI Special Mobile Group, agreed on a radio access scheme for 3G UMTS universal terrestrial radio access(UTRA) as an evolution of GSM. UTRA consists of two modes : frequency division duplex(FDD) where the uplink and downlink are transmitted on different frequencies; and time division duplex(TDD) where the uplink and downlink are time multiplexed onto the same carrier frequency. The agreement assigned the unpaired bands (i.e. for UTRA TDD ). TD-CDMA is a pure CDMA based system. Both modes of UTRA have been harmonised with respect to basic system parameters such as carrier spacing, chip rate and frame length to ensure the interworking of UTRA with GSM.The 3G proposal were predominantly based wideband CDMA(WCDMA) and a mix of FDD and TDD access techniques. WCDMA is favoured for 3G in poor propagation environments with a mix of high modest speed data traffic. It is generally accepted that CDMA is the preferred accesstechnique and, with the increase in the data rate, then the spreading modulation needs to increase to wideband transmission.WCDMA is based on 3.84Mchip/s spreading codes with spreading ratio, i.e. , K values, of 4-256 giving corresponging data ratas of 960-15 kbit/s. the upper FDD uplink band I from 1920-1980 MHz is paired with a 2110-2170 MHz downlink. In addition uplink bands II & III at 1850-1910 MHz and 1710-1785 MHz are also paired, respectively, with 1930-1990 MHz and 1805-1880 MHz allocations. the system is configured on a 10 ms frame with 15 individual slots to facilitate TDD as well as FDD transmissions. TDD is more flexible as time-slots can be dynamically reassigned to uplink and downlink functions, as required for asymmetric transfer of large files or video on demand traffic. 3G WCDMA systems use an adaptive multirate speech coder with encoded rates of 4.75-12.2 kbit/s. receivers commonly use the easily integrated direct conversion design, in place of the superheterodyne design . receiver sensitivities are typically -155dBm.The 3GPP2 standard aims to achieve a wide area mobile wireless packet switched capability with CDMA2000 1×EV DO revision A (sometimes called IS-856A). Here 1×refers to the single carrier 1.25 Mchip/s system. It achieves a 3.1 Mbit/s downlink and a delay sensitive services. The 3GPP standard has gone through many release with R4 in 2001 which introduced packet data services and R6 in 2005 to further increase the available data transmission rate . R6 pioneers the use of high-speed downlink packet access and multimedia broadcast multicast services which offer reduced delays and increased uplink data rates approaching 6 Mbit/s.In parallel with the European activities extensive work on 3G mobile radio was also performed in Japan. The Japanese standardisation body also chose WCDMA, so that the Japanese and European proposals for the FDD mode were already aligned closely. Very similar concepts have also been adopted by the North American standardization body.In order to work towards a global 3G mobile radio standard, the third generation partnership project(3GPP), consisting of members of the standardization bodies in Europe, the USA, Japan, Korea and China, was formed. It has merged the already well harmonized proposals of the regional standardization bodies to work on a common 3G international mobile radio standard, still called UTRA. The 3GPP Project 2(3GPP2), on the other hand, works towards a 3G mobile radio standard based on cdmaOne/IS-95 evolution, originally called CDMA2000.比起相对稳定、适度的技术发展是发生在宽带微波通信系统,有长期快速发展和扩大部署的新的移动个人通讯系统。

移动通信专业术语全解

移动通信专业术语全解移动通信专业术语全解一、无线通信基础概念1. 频段（Frequency Band）：指用于传输无线信号的频率范围，常用的频段有2G（GSM）、3G（CDMA2000、WCDMA）、4G（LTE）等。

2. 带宽（Bandwidth）：指无线信号的传输能力，通过单位时间内传输的数据量来衡量。

3. 信道（Channel）：用于无线信号传输的特定频段或频带。

4. 调制解调器（Modem）：将数字信号与模拟信号相互转换的设备。

5. 天线（Antenna）：用于接收和发射无线信号的装置。

6. 信噪比（Signal-to-Noise Ratio，SNR）：衡量有用信号与噪声之间的比例关系，信噪比越高，信号质量越好。

二、移动通信网络1. 基站（Base Station）：用于提供无线通信服务的设备，也称为移动通信基础设施。

2. 小区（Cell）：基站覆盖的一个特定范围，用于提供无线信号覆盖。

3. 蜂窝网络（Cellular Network）：由多个小区组成的移动通信网络，每个小区都有一个基站。

4. 漫游（Roaming）：指移动用户在本地网络之外使用其他网络的服务。

5. 话务（Traffic）：指移动通信网络中的数据传输，如语音通话、短信、数据传输等。

6. 网络覆盖（Network Coverage）：指移动通信网络的信号覆盖范围。

三、移动通信技术1. 2G（第二代移动通信技术）：指第二代移动通信技术，如GSM（Global System for Mobile Communications）。

2. 3G（第三代移动通信技术）：指第三代移动通信技术，如CDMA2000、WCDMA（Wideband Division Multiple Access）。

3. 4G（第四代移动通信技术）：指第四代移动通信技术，如LTE（Long Term Evolution）。

4. 5G（第五代移动通信技术）：指第五代移动通信技术，为更高速、更可靠的移动通信提供支持。

3G频段和频点概念及全球频率配置规划详解

3G频段和频点概念及全球频率配置规划详解UMTS里的UARFCN是什么意思啊？比如在CNT里看见UARFCN数值是10713，用10713除以5算下来的又是什么值？10713除以5=2142.6,为2140-2145MHZ的中心频率，就是本次联通的最高频率，为了与PHS等异系统的干扰，频点步长为200HZ，所以中心频点为2142.6MHZ,而不是2142.5MHZ.Telecom ABC - UUTRA FDD Frequency Bands(UMTS band, WCDMA Band)3GPP has defined a number of paired frequency bands in which a UMTS terminal, based on the UTRA FDD (W-CDMA) mode can operate. These bands are described in the following table.Bandnumber Name Uplink(MHz) Downlink(MHz) RemarksI UMTS2100 1920 - 1980 2110 - 2170 IMT-2000 / UMTS Core bandII1850 - 1910 1930 - 1990 GSM1900 bandIII UMTS1800 1710 - 1785 1805 - 1880 GSM1800 bandIV UMTS1700 1710 - 1755 2110 - 2155 Pairing with the core bandV UMTS850 824 - 849 869 - 894 For the USAVI UMTS800 830 - 840 875 - 885 For JapanVII UMTS2600 2500 - 2570 2620 - 2690 IMT-2000 extension bandVIII UMTS900 880 - 915 925 - 960 GSM900 bandIX UMTS1700 1749.9 - 1784.9 1844.9 - 1879.9 Japanese version of UMTS1700X ExtendedUMTS1700 1710 - 1770 2110 - 2170UTRA FDD WCDMA BandsThe UMTS UTRA FDD frequency bands are specified in 3GPP TS 25.101.UARFCNThe UTRA Absolute Radio Frequency Channel Number (UARFCN) is a unique number given to each radio channel within the frequency bands used by the UMTS UTRA. The UARFCN can be used to calculate the carrier frequency.The UARFCN is defined as follows:NU = 5 * (FUL - FUL_Offset), with FUL_low ≤ FUL ≤ FUL_high ND = 5 * (FDL - FDL_Offset), with FDL_low ≤ FDL ≤ FDL_highNU and ND are the UARFCN for the uplink and the downlink.For each operating band, FUL_Offset, FUL_low, FUL_high, FDL_Offset, FDL_low and FDL_high are defined in 3GPP TS 25 101.。

全球运营商WCDMA频段分配

WCDMA频段WCDMA频段划分（大致）世界各国运营商的WCDMA UMTS频段（非常全）AfricaOperator Country Launch Date Frequency (MHz)Emtel Mauritius November 2004 2100Cellplus Mauritius March 2006 2100Vodacom South Africa December 2004 2100MTN South Africa June 2005 2100MTC Namibia December 2006 2100Powercom Namibia March 2007 2100Unitel Angola June 2007 2100Globacom Nigeria December 2007 2100Etisalat Egypt May 2007 2100Vodafone Egypt May 2007 2100Safaricom Kenya December 2007 2100Libyana Libya September 2006 2100Meditel Morocco April 2007 2100Maroc Telecom Morocco December 2007 2100Airtel Seychelles December 2006 2100Areeba Sudan2006 2100Vodacom Tanzania February 2007 2100Uganda Telecom Uganda November 2007 2100Econet Wireless Zimbabwe December 2007 2100Mobinil Egypt September 2008 2100AsiaOperator Country Launch Date Frequency (MHz) BSNL Mobile India2009 2100MTNL DOLPHIN India2008 2100Mobitel Iraq2007 2100Etisalat United Arab Emirates January 2004 2100Du United Arab Emirates February 2007 2100Nepal Telecom Nepal May 2007 2100Mobilink Pakistan2009 2100Ufone Pakistan2009 2100Warid Pakistan2009 2100Telenor (Pakistan)Pakistan2009 2100Paktel Pakistan2009 2100 GrameenPhone Bangladesh2009 2100Warid Bangladesh2009 21003Hong Kong January 2004 2100CSL Hong Kong December 2004 2100PCCW Mobile Hong Kong July 2006 2100 Smartone-Vodafone Hong Kong December 2004 2100 Singapore Telecommunications Singapore February 2005 2100StarHub Singapore April 2005 2100 MobileOne Singapore February 2005 2100Maxis Communications Malaysia July 2005 2100Celcom Malaysia May 2005 2100DiGi Malaysia June 2008 2100SMART Philippines May 2006 850/2100 Globe Philippines May 2006 2100Digitel Philippines July 2006 2100 Telkomsel Indonesia September 14, 2006 2100 Excelcomindo Indonesia September 21, 2006 2100Indosat Indonesia November 2006 21003Indonesia December 2006 2100Dialog Telekom Sri Lanka August 2006 2100 FarEasTone Taiwan July 13, 2005 2100 Chunghwa Telecom Taiwan July 26, 2005 2100Taiwan Cellular Corporation Taiwan October 2005 2100VIBO Telecom Taiwan December 2005 2100SK Telecom South Korea December 2003 2100KTF South Korea December 2003 2100Geocell Georgia December 2006 2100 Magticom Georgia July 2006 2100NTT DoCoMo Japan October 2001 800/1700/2100 Softbank Japan December 2002 2100eMobile Japan March 2007 1700Zain Kuwait March 2006 2100 Wataniya Telecom Kuwait March 2006 2100Q-TEL Qatar July 2006 2100Mobily Saudi Arabia June 2006 2100Al Jawwal Saudi Arabia June 2006 2100Zain Saudi Arabia February 2008 2100Josa Babilon Mobile Tajikistan June 2005 2100Indigo Tajikistan Tajikistan September 2006 2100Tacom Tajikistan September 2006 2100TT Mobile Tajikistan June 2005 2100Batelco Bahrain2006 2100 Zain Bahrain December 2003 2100B-Mobile Brunei September 2005 2100 Shinawatra Cambodia October 2007 2100 Mobitel Cambodia October 2006 2100 Cellcom Israel June 2004 2100 Orange Israel November 2004 2100 CTM Macau June 2007 21003Macau October 2007 2100 Mobitel Sri Lanka December 2007 2100 Spacetel Syria2008 2100 Syriatel Syria2008 2100 Advanced Info Service Thailand May 2008 900 True Move Thailand January 2009 850 China Unicom China May 2009 2100 Pelephone Israel February 2009 850/2100OceaniaOperator Country Launch Date Frequency (MHz)Telstra Australia October 2006 850/21003Australia May 2003 2100Optus Australia November 2005 900/2100Vodafone Australia October 2005 900/2100Vodafone New Zealand August 2005 900/2100Telecom New Zealand May 2009 850/21002degrees New Zealand August 2009 2100EuropeOperator Country LaunchDateFrequency(MHz)Turkcell Turkey July 2009 2100 Avea Turkey July 2009 2100 Vodafone Turkey Turkey July 2009 2100Telefónica O2United Kingdom March 2005 21003United Kingdom March 2003 2100T-Mobile United Kingdom May 2004 2100 Vodafone United Kingdom November 2004 2100 Orange United Kingdom December 2004 2100 Mobitel Slovenia December 2003 2100 Si.mobil Slovenia September 2007 2100 Tu?mobil Slovenia September 2008 900/2100 T-2Slovenia June 2008 2100 VIPnet Croatia October 2005 2100T-Mobile Croatia June 2006 2100 Tele2Croatia2007 2100 CYTA Mobile Cyprus March 2006 2100 Orange Spain November 2004 2100 Movistar Spain May 2004 2100 Vodafone Spain May 2004 2100 Yoigo Spain December 2006 2100 Era GSM Poland April 2006 2100 Plus GSM Poland September 2004 2100 Orange Poland June 2006 2100 Play Poland March 2007 2100 Elisa Finland November 2004 900/2100 TeliaSonera Finland October 2004 2100 DNA Finland December 2005 900/2100 Alands Mobiltelefon Finland June 2006 2100Mobile telephony of Serbia Serbia December 27,20062100Telenor Serbia March 2007 2100 VIP Mobile Serbia July 2007 2100 TDC Mobil Denmark November 2005 2100 Telenor Denmark September 2006 2100 3Denmark October 2003 2100 STA Andorra December 2006 2100 TeliaSonera Denmark December 2007 2100 TeliaSonera Sweden March 2004 2100 3Sweden May 2003 2100 Tele2Sweden March 2004 2100Telenor Sweden July 2004 2100EAustria December 2003 2100 href="/wiki/ONE"<ONE3Austria May 2003 2100Mobilkom Austria Austria April 2003 2100T-Mobile Austria December 2003 2100Orange Belgium June 2008 2100Proximus Belgium September 2005 2100Mobistar Belgium December 2006 2100Vivatel Bulgaria April 2007 2100Globul Bulgaria June 2006 2100M-TEL Bulgaria March 2006 2100Telefónica O2Czech Republic December 2005 2100T-Mobile Czech Republic December 2006 2100Elisa Estonia June 2006 2100Bravocom Estonia July 2006 2100EMT Estonia October 2005 2100Tele2Estonia November 2006 2100Orange France December 2004 2100SFR France November 2004 2100Bouygues Télécom France April 2007 2100E-Plus Germany August 2004 2100Telefónica O2Germany July 2004 2100T-Mobile Germany May 2004 2100Vodafone Germany May 2004 2100Cosmote Greece May 2004 2100Vodafone Greece August 2004 2100TIM Greece January 2004 2100Wave Telecom Guernsey July 2004 2100Pannon GSM Hungary October 2005 2100T-Mobile Hungary August 2005 2100Vodafone Hungary June 2006 2100Siminn Iceland September 2007 21003Ireland July 2005 2100Meteor Ireland September 2008 2100Telefónica O2Ireland March 2005 2100Vodafone Ireland November 2004 2100Manx Telecom Isle of Man November 2005 2100 3Italy March 2003 2100 TIM Italy May 2004 2100 Vodafone Italy May 2004 2100 Wind Italy October 2004 2100 sure.Mobile Jersey September 2006 2100 Jersey Telecom Jersey June 2006 2100 Vodafone Jersey June 2007 2100 BitéLatvia June 2006 2100 LMT Latvia December 2004 2100 Tele2Latvia December 2005 2100 Orange Liechtenstein February 2007 2100 mobilkom Liechtenstein March 2007 2100 Telekom FL Liechtenstein February 2007 2100 BitéLithuania April 2006 2100 Omnitel Lithuania February 2006 2100 Tele2Lithuania2007 2100 VOX Luxembourg May 2005 2100 LuxGSM Luxembourg June 2003 2100 Tango Luxembourg July 2004 2100 Cosmofon Macedonia November 2008 2100 T-Mobile MK Macedonia June 2009 2100 go mobile Malta April 2007 2100 Vodafone Malta August 2006 2100 Moldcell Moldova 1 October 2008 2100 Orange Moldova 1 November 2008 2100 Monaco Telecom Monaco June 2006 2100 T-Mobile Montenegro June 2007 2100 ProMonte Montenegro June 2007 2100 Telekom Srbija Montenegro July 2007 2100 Telfort Netherlands October 2004 2100 Orange Netherlands November 2006 2100 T-Mobile Netherlands January 2006 2100 Vodafone Netherlands June 2004 2100 TeliaSonera Norway June 2005 2100 Telenor Mobil Norway December 2004 2100 Optimus Portugal June 2004 2100TMN Portugal April 2004 2100 Vodafone Portugal May 2004 2100 Vodafone Romania April 2005 2100 MTN Cyprus October 2005 2100 Orange Romania June 2006 2100 RCS&RDS (Digi.Mobil)Romania February 2007 2100T-Mobile SlovakRepublicMarch 2006 2100Orange SlovakRepublicJanuary 2006 2100Orange Switzerland September 2005 2100 Swisscom Switzerland December 2004 2100 TDC Switzerland December 2005 2100 Utel/UkrTelecom Ukraine November 2007 2100AmericaOperator Country Launch Date Frequency (MHz)AT&T Mobility United States2004 July 850/1900AT&T Mobility Puerto Rico2006 November 850/1900Rogers Canada2006 November 850/1900Fido Canada2007 November 850/1900Telus Canada2010 January 850/1900Bell Mobility Canada2010 January 850/1900T-Mobile United States2008 May AWS 1700Telcel Mexico2008 February 850/1900Movistar Mexico2008 March 850/1900Setar Aruba2007 December 2100Claro Guatemala2008 April 1900TIGO Guatemala2008 September 850Claro El Salvador2008 January 1900TIGO El Salvador2008 September 850Claro Honduras2008 February 1900TIGO Honduras2008 September 850Movistar Argentina2007 July 1900Telecom Personal Argentina2007 May 1900Claro Argentina2007 November 850/1900Entel PCS Chile2006 December 1900Movistar Chile2007 December 850/1900Claro Chile2008 January 1900TIM Brasil Brazil2008 April 850/2100Vivo Brazil2007 November 850/2100Oi Brazil2008 May 2100Brasil Telecom Brazil2008 April 2100Claro Brazil2007 December 850/2100Comcel Colombia2008 January 850/1900Tigo Colombia2008 November 1900Movistar Colombia2008 November 850/1900Claro Paraguay2007 November 1900Claro Peru2007 December 1900Ancel Uruguay2007 July 2100Movistar Uruguay2007 July 850/1900Claro Uruguay2007 November 1900Movistar Panamá2008 November 850/1900Movistar Nicaragua2008 January 850/1900Movistar El Salvador2009 June 850/1900Movistar Guatemala2009 June 1900各国手机制式（频率）TD-SCDMA中国移动中国 (CDMA2000 1x : 中国联通) 未取得牌照中国（WCDMA 中国移动）未取得牌照中国香港(W-CDMA)中国澳门 (W-CDMA : 澳门电讯、和记电讯) (CDMA2000 1x,EV-DO : 中国联通)台湾 (CDMA2000 1x : 亚太电信) (W-CDMA : 中华电信、台湾大哥大、威宝电信、远传电信) 阿根廷 (CDMA2000 1x)澳大利亚 (W-CDMA) (CDMA2000 1x, EVDO)奥地利 (W-CDMA)亚塞拜然 (CDMA2000 1x)白俄罗斯 (CDMA2000 1x)百慕大群岛 (CDMA2000 1x)巴西 (CDMA2000 1x)加拿大 (CDMA2000 1x)智利 (CDMA2000 1x)哥伦比亚 (CDMA2000 1x)丹麦 (W-CDMA)多米尼加共和国(CDMA2000 1x)厄瓜多尔 (CDMA2000 1x)乔治亚 (CDMA2000 1x)德国 (W-CDMA)T-Mobile、沃达丰 O2-DE ePlus 希腊 (W-CDMA)危地马拉(CDMA2000 1x)印度 (CDMA2000 1x)印度尼西亚 (CDMA2000 1x)以色列 (W-CDMA)意大利 (W-CDMA)牙买加(CDMA2000 1x)日本 (W-CDMA, CDMA2000 1x)哈萨克斯坦(CDMA2000 1x)韩国 (CDMA2000 1x) (W-CDMA in testing)吉尔吉斯斯坦(CDMA2000 1x)马来西亚(W-CDMA) 明讯, Celcom, MiTV, TimeCell) 墨西哥 (CDMA2000 1x)摩尔多瓦(CDMA2000 1x)荷兰(W-CDMA)纽西兰(CDMA2000 1x) (W-CDMA in testing)尼加拉瓜(CDMA2000 1x)尼日利亚 (CDMA2000 1x)挪威 (W-CDMA)巴基斯坦(CDMA2000 1x)巴拿马(CDMA2000 1x)秘鲁 (CDMA2000 1x)波兰(CDMA2000 1x)罗马尼亚(CDMA2000 1x)俄罗斯(CDMA2000 1x)斯罗文尼亚(W-CDMA)南韩 (CDMA2000 1x)南非 (W-CDMA in testing)西班牙 (W-CDMA)瑞士 (W-CDMA)泰国 (CDMA2000 1x)阿拉伯联合酋长国 (W-CDMA)英国 (W-CDMA)美国 (CDMA2000 1x) (W-CDMA in testing)乌兹别克(CDMA2000 1x)委内瑞拉(CDMA2000 1x)越南 (CDMA2000 1x)====================使用GSM900/1800频段的国家有亚洲东亚：中国、蒙古、朝鲜、日本东南亚：菲律宾、越南、老挝、柬埔寨、缅甸、泰国、马来西亚、文莱、新加坡、印度尼西亚、东帝汶南亚：尼泊尔、不丹、孟加拉国、印度、巴基斯坦、斯里兰卡、马尔代夫中亚：哈萨克斯坦、吉尔吉斯斯坦、塔吉克斯坦、乌兹别克斯坦、土库曼斯坦西亚：阿富汗、伊拉克、伊朗、叙利亚、约旦、黎巴嫩、以色列、巴勒斯坦、沙特阿拉伯、巴林、卡塔尔、科威特、阿拉伯联合酋长国（阿联酋）、阿曼、也门、格鲁吉亚、亚美尼亚、阿塞拜疆、土耳其、塞浦路斯欧洲北欧：芬兰、瑞典、挪威、冰岛、丹麦、法罗群岛（丹）东欧：爱沙尼亚、拉脱维亚、立陶宛、白俄罗斯、俄罗斯、乌克兰、摩尔多瓦中欧：波兰、捷克、斯洛伐克、匈牙利、德国、奥地利、瑞士、列支敦士登西欧：英国、爱尔兰、荷兰、比利时、卢森堡、法国、摩纳哥南欧：罗马尼亚、保加利亚、塞尔维亚、马其顿、阿尔巴尼亚、希腊、斯洛文尼亚、克罗地亚、意大利、梵蒂冈、圣马力诺、马耳他、西班牙、葡萄牙、安道尔非洲东非：埃塞俄比亚、厄立特里亚、索马里、吉布提、肯尼亚、坦桑尼亚、乌干达、卢旺达、布隆迪、塞舌尔中非：乍得、中非、喀麦隆、赤道几内亚、加蓬、刚果共和国（刚果（布））、刚果民主共和国（刚果（金））、圣多美及普林西比西非：毛里塔尼亚、西撒哈拉（未独立）、塞内加尔、冈比亚、马里、布基纳法索、几内亚、几内亚比绍、佛得角，塞拉利昂、利比里亚、科特迪瓦、加纳、多哥、贝宁、尼日尔、加那利群岛（西）南非：赞比亚、安哥拉、津巴布韦、马拉维、莫桑比克、博茨瓦纳、纳米比亚、南非、斯威士兰、莱索托、马达加斯加、科摩罗、毛里求斯、留尼旺（法）、圣赫勒拿（英）大洋洲：澳大利亚、巴布亚新几内亚、所罗门群岛、瓦努阿图、密克罗尼西亚、马绍尔群岛、帕劳、瑙鲁、基里巴斯、图瓦卢、萨摩亚、斐济群岛、汤加、库克群岛（新）、关岛（美）、新喀里多尼亚（法）、法属波利尼西亚、皮特凯恩岛（英）、瓦利斯与富图纳（法）、纽埃（新）、托克劳（新）、美属萨摩亚、北马里亚纳（美）使用GSM850/1900频段的国家有北美洲北美：墨西哥、格陵兰中美洲：危地马拉、伯利兹、萨尔瓦多、洪都拉斯、尼加拉瓜、哥斯达黎加、巴拿马加勒比海地区：巴哈马、古巴、牙买加、海地、多米尼加共和国、安提瓜和巴布达、圣基茨和尼维斯、多米尼克、圣卢西亚、圣文森特和格林纳丁斯、格林纳达、巴巴多斯、特立尼达和多巴哥、波多黎各（美）、英属维尔京群岛、美属维尔京群岛、安圭拉（英）、蒙特塞拉特（英）、瓜德罗普（法）、马提尼克（法）、荷属安的列斯、阿鲁巴（荷）、特克斯和凯科斯群岛（英）、开曼群岛（英）、百慕大（英）南美洲北部：哥伦比亚、委内瑞拉、圭亚那、法属圭亚那、苏里南中西部：秘鲁、玻利维亚东部：巴西南部：智利、阿根廷、乌拉圭、巴拉圭非洲北非：埃及、利比亚、苏丹、突尼斯、阿尔及利亚、摩洛哥、亚速尔群岛（葡）、马德拉群岛（葡）使用GSM900/1800/1 9 0 0 三频段的国家有北美：加拿大、美国韩国采用的是CDMA800mHz、1900mHz新西兰GSM900M/1900M厄瓜多尔使用的是GSM850M日本手机频率有三类：3G（包括WCDMA,频率为900或1800.CDMA2000,频率为1800）〔也就是我国的联通，日本没有中国移动的GSM网〕、PHS（也就是我国的小灵通，频率为1800）、2G（日本独有的网络）CDMA采用的是机卡分离的CDMA800mHz.=====================移动和联通是我国的手机运营商。

UMTS信道总结

UMTS信道总结UMTS的信道可以分为两种类型：广播信道（Broadcast Channel，BCH）和互联信道（Dedicated Channel，DCH）。

广播信道主要用于传输系统信息，例如小区广播信道（BCCH）用于传输小区信息，系统广播信道（SCH）用于传输时间和频率同步信息。

而互联信道则用于传输用户数据和信令信息。

UMTS的广播信道主要包括以下几个子信道：1. 小区广播信道（BCCH）：用于广播小区系统信息，例如小区标识、功率控制参数等。

BCCH的传输速率一般为16kbps，并且采用不连续传输方式。

2. 系统广播信道（SCH）：用于传输时间和频率同步信息，以便UE （User Equipment）对网络进行同步。

SCH的传输速率为16kbps，并采用连续传输方式。

3. 公告信道（PCH）：用于传输电池寿命延长和小区切换等系统公告信息，以便UE进入持续监听模式进行能效优化。

PCH的传输速率为8kbps，并采用连续传输方式。

4.随机接入信道（RACH）：用于UE进行接入控制和初始接入的信道。

RACH采用时隙切割技术，并具有多路径偏移抑制功能。

UMTS的互联信道主要包括以下几个子信道：2.高速上行共享信道（HS-UPA）：用于传输上行高速数据，例如视频和图片上传。

HS-UPA也允许多用户共享同一个信道，采用分时复用和码分复用的方式提高效率。

3. 共享信道（Shared Channel，SCH）：用于传输语音和数据服务。

SCH采用分频复用和码分复用的方式，可以在不同用户之间进行动态分配，并根据需求进行带宽分配。

4. 专用信道（Dedicated Channel，DCH）：用于传输专有数据服务，例如多媒体信息和互联网接入。

DCH采用分频复用和码分复用的方式，可以保证连接的可靠性和速度。

除了以上信道外，UMTS还包括物理随机接入信道（Physical Random Access Channel，PRACH）、物理分配信道（Physical Dedicated Channel，PDCH）和物理共享信道（Physical Shared Channel，PSCH）等。

各国运营商WCDMA UMTS频段

Africa/非洲Operator Country Launch Date Frequency (MHz) Emtel Mauritius/毛里求斯November 2004 2100Cellplus Mauritius/毛里求斯March 2006 2100Vodacom South Africa/南非December 2004 2100MTN South Africa/南非June 2005 2100MTC Namibia/纳米比亚December 2006 2100 Powercom Namibia/纳米比亚March 2007 2100Unitel Angola/安哥拉June 2007 2100 Globacom Nigeria/尼日利亚December 2007 2100Etisalat Egypt/埃及May 2007 2100Vodafone Egypt/埃及May 2007 2100 Safaricom Kenya/肯尼亚December 2007 2100Libyana Libya/利比亚September 2006 2100Meditel Morocco/摩洛哥April 2007 2100Maroc Telecom Morocco/摩洛哥December 2007 2100Airtel Seychelles/塞舌尔December 2006 2100Areeba Sudan/苏丹2006 2100Vodacom Tanzania/坦桑尼亚February 2007 2100Uganda Telecom Uganda/乌干达November 2007 2100Econet Wireless Zimbabwe/津巴布韦December 2007 2100Mobinil Egypt/埃及September 2008 2100Asia/亚洲Operator Country LaunchDateFrequency(MHz)BSNL Mobile India/印度2009 2100 MTNL DOLPHIN India/印度2008 2100 Mobitel Iraq/伊拉克2007 2100Etisalat United ArabAEmirates/阿拉伯联合酋长国January 2004 2100Du United Arab Emirates/阿拉伯联合酋长国February20072100Nepal Telecom Nepal/尼泊尔May 2007 2100 Mobilink Pakistan/巴基斯坦2009 2100 Ufone Pakistan/巴基斯坦2009 2100 Warid Pakistan/巴基斯坦2009 2100 Telenor (Pakistan)Pakistan/巴基斯坦2009 2100 Paktel Pakistan/巴基斯坦2009 2100GrameenPhone Bangladesh/孟加拉共和国2009 2100Warid Bangladesh/孟加拉共和国2009 21003Hong Kong/香港January 2004 2100CSL Hong Kong/香港December20042100PCCW Mobile Hong Kong/香港July 2006 2100Smartone-Vodafone Hong Kong/香港December20042100Singapore Telecommunications Singapore/新加坡February20052100StarHub Singapore/新加坡April 2005 2100MobileOne Singapore/新加坡February20052100Maxis Communications Malaysia/马来西亚July 2005 2100 Celcom Malaysia/马来西亚May 2005 2100 DiGi Malaysia/马来西亚June 2008 2100 SMART Philippines/菲律宾May 2006 850/2100 Globe Philippines/菲律宾May 2006 2100 Digitel Philippines/菲律宾July 2006 2100Telkomsel Indonesia/印尼September14, 20062100Excelcomindo Indonesia/印尼September21, 20062100Indosat Indonesia/印尼November200621003Indonesia/印尼December20062100Dialog Telekom Sri Lanka/斯里兰卡August 2006 2100 FarEasTone Taiwan/台湾July 13, 21002005Chunghwa Telecom Taiwan/台湾July 26,20052100Taiwan CellularCorporationTaiwan/台湾October 2005 2100VIBO Telecom Taiwan/台湾December20052100SK Telecom South Korea/韩国December20032100KTF South Korea/韩国December20032100Geocell Georgia December20062100Magticom Georgia July 2006 2100NTT DoCoMo Japan/日本October 2001 800/1700/2100Softbank Japan/日本December20022100eMobile Japan/日本March 2007 1700 Zain Kuwait/科威特March 2006 2100 Wataniya Telecom Kuwait/科威特March 2006 2100 Q-TEL Qatar/卡塔尔July 2006 2100Mobily Saudi Arabia/沙特阿拉伯June 2006 2100Al Jawwal Saudi Arabia/沙特阿拉伯June 2006 2100Zain Saudi Arabia/沙特阿拉伯February20082100Josa Babilon Mobile Tajikistan/塔吉克斯坦June 2005 2100Indigo Tajikistan Tajikistan/塔吉克斯坦September20062100Tacom Tajikistan/塔吉克斯坦September20062100TT Mobile Tajikistan/塔吉克斯坦June 2005 2100Batelco Bahrain/巴林2006 2100Zain Bahrain/巴林December20032100B-Mobile Brunei/文莱September20052100Shinawatra Cambodia/柬埔寨October 2007 2100 Mobitel Cambodia/柬埔寨October 2006 2100 Cellcom Israel/以色列June 2004 2100Orange Israel/以色列November20042100CTM Macau/澳门June 2007 2100 3Macau/澳门October 2007 2100Mobitel Sri Lanka/斯里兰卡December20072100Spacetel Syria/叙利亚2008 2100 Syriatel Syria/叙利亚2008 2100 Advanced Info Service Thailand/泰国May 2008 900 True Move Thailand/泰国January 2009 850 China Unicom China/中国May 2009 2100Pelephone Israel February2009850/2100Oceania/大洋洲Operator Country Launch Date Frequency (MHz) Telstra Australia/澳大利亚October 2006 850/21003Australia/澳大利亚May 2003 2100Optus Australia/澳大利亚November 2005 900/2100 Vodafone Australia/澳大利亚October 2005 900/2100 Vodafone New Zealand/新西兰August 2005 900/2100 Telecom New Zealand/新西兰May 2009 850/21002degrees New Zealand/新西兰August 2009 2100Europe/欧洲Operator Country LaunchDateFrequency(MHz)Turkcell Turkey/土耳其July 2009 2100 Avea Turkey/土耳其July 2009 2100Vodafone Turkey Turkey/土耳其July 2009 2100 Telefónica O2United Kingdom March 2005 2100 3United Kingdom March 2003 2100 T-Mobile United Kingdom May 2004 2100Vodafone United Kingdom November20042100Orange United Kingdom December20042100Mobitel Slovenia/斯洛文尼亚December20032100Si.mobil Slovenia/斯洛文尼亚September20072100Tušmobil Slovenia/斯洛文尼亚September2008900/2100T-2Slovenia/斯洛文尼亚June 2008 2100VIPnet Croatia/克罗地亚October20052100T-Mobile Croatia/克罗地亚June 2006 2100 Tele2Croatia/克罗地亚2007 2100 CYTA Mobile Cyprus/塞浦路斯March 2006 2100Orange Spain/西班牙November20042100Movistar Spain/西班牙May 2004 2100 Vodafone Spain/西班牙May 2004 2100Yoigo Spain/西班牙December20062100Era GSM Poland/波兰April 2006 2100Plus GSM Poland/波兰September20042100Orange Poland/波兰June 2006 2100 Play Poland/波兰March 2007 2100Elisa Finland/芬兰November2004900/2100TeliaSonera Finland/芬兰October20042100DNA Finland/芬兰December2005900/2100Alands Mobiltelefon Finland/芬兰June 2006 2100Mobile telephony of Serbia Serbia/塞尔维亚December27, 20062100Telenor Serbia/塞尔维亚March 2007 2100 VIP Mobile Serbia/塞尔维亚July 2007 2100TDC Mobil Denmark/丹麦November20052100Telenor Denmark/丹麦September200621003Denmark/丹麦October20032100STA Andorra/安道尔December20062100TeliaSonera Denmark/丹麦December20072100TeliaSonera Sweden/瑞典March 2004 2100 3Sweden/瑞典May 2003 2100 Tele2Sweden/瑞典March 2004 2100 Telenor Sweden/瑞典July 2004 2100ONE Austria/奥地利December200321003Austria/奥地利May 2003 2100 Mobilkom Austria Austria/奥地利April 2003 2100T-Mobile Austria/奥地利December20032100Orange Belgium/比利时June 2008 2100Proximus Belgium/比利时September20052100Mobistar Belgium/比利时December20062100Vivatel Bulgaria/保加利亚April 2007 2100 Globul Bulgaria/保加利亚June 2006 2100 M-TEL Bulgaria/保加利亚March 2006 2100Telefónica O2Czech Republic/捷克共和国December20052100T-Mobile Czech Republic/捷克共和国December20062100Elisa Estonia/爱沙尼亚June 2006 2100 Bravocom Estonia/爱沙尼亚July 2006 2100 EMT Estonia/爱沙尼亚October 21002005Tele2Estonia/爱沙尼亚November20062100Orange France/法国December20042100SFR France/法国November20042100Bouygues Télécom France/法国April 2007 2100 E-Plus Germany/德国August 2004 2100 Telefónica O2Germany/德国July 2004 2100 T-Mobile Germany/德国May 2004 2100 Vodafone Germany/德国May 2004 2100 Cosmote Greece/希腊May 2004 2100 Vodafone Greece/希腊August 2004 2100TIM Greece/希腊January20042100Wave Telecom Guernsey July 2004 2100Pannon GSM Hungary/匈牙利October20052100T-Mobile Hungary/匈牙利August 2005 2100 Vodafone Hungary/匈牙利June 2006 2100Siminn Iceland/冰岛September200721003Ireland/冰岛July 2005 2100Meteor Ireland/冰岛September20082100Telefónica O2Ireland/冰岛March 2005 2100Vodafone Ireland/冰岛November20042100Manx Telecom Isle of Man November200521003Italy/意大利March 2003 2100 TIM Italy/意大利May 2004 2100 Vodafone Italy/意大利May 2004 2100Wind Italy/意大利October20042100sure.Mobile Jersey September20062100Jersey Telecom Jersey June 2006 2100Vodafone Jersey June 2007 2100 BitéLatvia/拉脱维亚June 2006 2100LMT Latvia/拉脱维亚December20042100Tele2Latvia/拉脱维亚December20052100Orange Liechtenstein/列支敦斯顿February20072100mobilkom Liechtenstein/列支敦斯顿March 2007 2100Telekom FL Liechtenstein/列支敦斯顿February20072100BitéLithuania/立陶宛April 2006 2100Omnitel Lithuania/立陶宛February20062100Tele2Lithuania/立陶宛2007 2100 VOX Luxembourg/卢森堡May 2005 2100 LuxGSM Luxembourg/卢森堡June 2003 2100 Tango Luxembourg/卢森堡July 2004 2100Cosmofon Macedonia/马其屯November20082100T-Mobile MK Macedonia/马其屯June 2009 2100 go mobile Malta/马耳他April 2007 2100 Vodafone Malta/马耳他August 2006 2100Moldcell Moldova/摩尔多瓦1 October20082100Orange Moldova/摩尔多瓦1 November 20082100Monaco Telecom Monaco/摩纳哥June 2006 2100 T-Mobile Montenegro June 2007 2100 ProMonte Montenegro June 2007 2100 Telekom Srbija Montenegro July 2007 2100Telfort Netherlands/荷兰October20042100Orange Netherlands/荷兰November20062100T-Mobile Netherlands/荷兰January20062100Vodafone Netherlands/荷兰June 2004 2100TeliaSonera Norway /挪威 June 2005 2100 Telenor Mobil Norway /挪威 December 20042100Optimus Portugal /葡萄牙 June 2004 2100 TMN Portugal /葡萄牙 April 2004 2100 Vodafone Portugal /葡萄牙May 2004 2100Vodafone Romania /罗马尼亚 April 2005 2100 MTN Cyprus /塞浦路斯October 2005 2100OrangeRomania /罗马尼亚 June 2006 2100 RCS&RDS (Digi.Mobil) Romania /罗马尼亚February 20072100T-Mobile Slovak Republic /斯洛伐克共和国March 2006 2100Orange Slovak Republic /斯洛伐克共和国 January 2006 2100Orange Switzerland /瑞士 September2005 2100Swisscom Switzerland /瑞士 December 2004 2100 TDCSwitzerland /瑞士 December 2005 2100 Utel /UkrTelecomUkraine /乌克兰November 20072100America 美洲Operator CountryLaunchDateFrequency (MHz)AT&T Mobility United States /美国2004 July 850/1900AT&T Mobility Puerto Rico /波多黎各 2006 November 850/1900 Rogers Canada /加拿大 2006November 850/1900 FidoCanada /加拿大2007 November850/1900Telus Canada/加拿大2010January850/1900Bell Mobility Canada/加拿大2010January850/1900T-Mobile United States/美国2008 May AWS 1700Telcel Mexico/墨西哥2008February850/1900Movistar Mexico/墨西哥2008 March 850/1900Setar Aruba 2007December2100Claro Guatemala/危地马拉2008 April 1900TIGO Guatemala/危地马拉2008September850Claro El Salvador/萨尔瓦多2008January1900TIGO El Salvador/萨尔瓦多2008September850Claro Honduras/洪都拉斯2008February1900TIGO Honduras/洪都拉斯2008September850Movistar Argentina/阿根廷2007 July 1900 Telecom Personal Argentina/阿根廷2007 May 1900Claro Argentina/阿根廷2007November850/1900Entel PCS Chile/智利2006December1900Movistar Chile/智利2007December850/1900Claro Chile/智利2008January1900TIM Brasil Brazil/巴西2008 April 850/2100Vivo Brazil/巴西2007November850/2100Oi Brazil/巴西2008 May 2100 Brasil Telecom Brazil/巴西2008 April 2100Claro Brazil/巴西2007December850/2100Comcel Colombia/哥伦比亚2008January850/1900Tigo Colombia/哥伦比亚2008November1900Movistar Colombia/哥伦比亚2008November850/1900Claro Paraguay/巴拉圭2007November1900Claro Peru/秘鲁2007December1900Ancel Uruguay/乌拉圭2007 July 2100 Movistar Uruguay/乌拉圭2007 July 850/1900Claro Uruguay/乌拉圭2007November1900Movistar Panamá2008November850/1900Movistar Nicaragua/尼加拉瓜2008January850/1900Movistar El Salvador/萨尔瓦多2009 June 850/1900Movistar Guatemala/危地马拉2009 June 1900。

Frequency bands

Band 4: 1700 MHz (AWS)
Band 5: 850 MHz (CLR)
Band 8: 900 MHz (E-GSM)
Band 19 (formely 6): 800 MHz (only used by NTTDoCoMo in Japan)
4G frequencies (LTE) Edit
On TDD-LTE:
Band 38: 2600 MHz (IMT-E)
Band 40: 2300 MHz
Band 41: 2500 MHz
Band 42: 3500 MHz
Band 44: 700 Mhz (APT)
Malaysia
2G capabilities GSM 900, GSM 1800
Beside the mobile phone specifications, GSMArena is happy to also provide you with its own country-based frequency band directory. It's not operator-specific and it's helpful if you are choosing a handset to use in your home country or if you are making sure your phone will work in the country you red to on mobile phones and multimedia smartphones has nothing to do with 2nd, 3rd generation, or 4th generation protocols but the frequency on which the phone operates. Dual means two, tri means three, and quad means four, and these prefixes indicate the frequency transmission available to the specific phone and the arrangement with the service provider and carrier. A 3G phone or a 4G phone uses W-CDMA 2100 (Wideband Code Division Multiple Access) to provide video telephony and increased data speeds. Although it might appear that a 3G or 4G phone can do so much more, it does not upgrade the band frequency. A dual band phone remains a dual band phone and a tri band stays a tri band.

WCDMA-UMTS物理信道

WCDMA UMTS物理信道.双工方式：时分双工TDD：上行下行频率相同，每条链路上信号不连续发射频分双工FDD:上下行频率不同，每条链路上信号并行发射，WCDMA采用FDDWCDMA UMTS工作频段：欧洲：上行1920－1980MHZ 下行2110－2170MHZ 190MHZ间隔北美：上行1850－1910MHZ 下行1930－1990MHZ 80MHZ 间隔WCDMA UMTS信道带宽单载频信道带宽：5MHZ与信道号码UARFCN关系：UARFCN/5=绝对射频信道中心频。

RRC--无线资源控制 RLC--无线链路控制 MAC－－媒体接入控制MAC层为RLC层提供逻辑信道。

逻辑信道的划分是按照传输信息的类型来决定的，逻辑信道决定哪些信息要通过空中接口发送。

物理层为MAC层提供数据传输信道。

作用是用来说明在无线接口信道是如何传输的，传输信道决定这些信息如何通过空中接口发送下去。

物理信道就是UE和网络之间真正用来传输信息的，受到RRC层的控制。

物理信道专用物理信道DPCH专用物理数据信道：DPDCH 双向专用控制物理信道：DPCCH 双向公共物理信道CPCH随机接入物理信道：PRACH 上行公共分组物理信道：PCPCH 上行同步信道SCH主同步信道P-SCH辅同步信道S-SCH公共导频信道CPICH主公共导频信道P-CPICH辅公共导频信道S-CPICH公共控制物理信道CCPCH主公共控制物理信道P-CCPCH辅公共控制物理信道S-CCPCH查询指示信道：AICH寻呼指示信道：PICH共享信道PDSCH接入查询指示信道AP-AICH冲突检测信道分配指示信道CD/CA-ICH状态指示信道CSICH后四个是面向分组域传输信道随机接入信道：RACH 上行公共分组信道：CPCH 上行前向接入信道：FACH 下行下行共享信道：DSCH 下行广播信道： BCH 下行寻呼信道： PCH 下行专用传输信道：DCH 双向逻辑信道控制信道：广播控制信道：BCCH 下行寻呼控制信道： PCCH 下行公共控制信道：CCCH 双向专用控制信道：DCCH 点点双向业务信道：专用业务信道：DTCH 点点双向公共业务信道：CTCH 点多点单向业务下行物理信道所用的扰码：下行物理信道是从218 +1个GOLD CODE中选8192个作为扰码来用，这些扰码分成512个扰码组每个扰码组有16个扰码。

一文读懂大唐杯所有名词解释

PDCCH
Physical Downlink Control Channel 物理下行控制信道
DCBD
直流电源分配单元
LMT
Local Maintenance Terminal 本地维护终端，调试基站用
逻辑小区(logic cell)
与物理小区相区分，把硬件划归软件管理，提高了硬件的灵活性
长度单位U
连接管理(Connection Management)
单连接、双连接、多连接和D2D
流量导向(Traffic Steering)
系统内和系统间的负载均衡
切片支持(Slice Support)
系统内和系统间的切片资源动态管理
PDU会话管理过程
完成PDU会话的NG-RAN资源建立，释放或修改过程
UE上下文管理过程
Xn配置数据更新功能
允许两个NG-RAN nodes随时更新应用层数据
切换准备功能
允许源和目的NG-RAN node间的信息交互从而完成给定UE到目的NG-RAN node初始切换
切换取消功能
允许通知已准备好的目的NG-RAN node准备的切换不进行，同时释放切换准备期间的资源分配
恢复UE上下文功能
GW-UGateway是网关，上有GW-S表示服务网关，猜测这里表示用户(User)网关
SGi
与外部数据网络对接
HSS
归属用户服务器，负责管理用户的签约数据及移动用户的位置信息
MME
移动性管理实体，负责处理信令
SGW
服务网关，负责处理业务流
CG
计费网关/计费网关，负责完成计费话单的检错、纠错和话单的合并,并完成话单格式的转换
基站配置情况：
代号
解释

OTA测试标准之各个标准组织的异同及解读二

OTA 测试标准之各个标准组织的异同及解读二在上期newsletter 中,我们介绍了不同标准组织OTA 测试标准的异同.在本次的newsletter 中, MORLAB 的工程师为客户讲解3GPP/ETSI 的测试, 为以后讲解详细测试要求作准备。

3GPP/ETSI 测试标准3GPP 一直是电信标准组织中的重要角色, 其全称为3rd-Generation Partnership Project, 它的标准与另一个欧洲标准组织ETSI 的标准大多数是等同标准. 在它的OTA 测试指导TS 34.114 中针对OTA 的测试手段及限值进行了详细说明。

在3GPP 标准中, 对于自由空间的OTA 测试并没有限值定义, 其要求都是在TALK POSITION 下进行测试, 而并没有单独对自由空间的状况进行说明。

在最新定版的标准中, 并未正式针对GSM 及EDGE 进行限值的制定, 其状态仍然是TBD, 因此, 表中限值是根据以往提交的讨论稿中的限值摘抄的. 另外, 3GPP 标准是以GSM 和FDD 进行划分。

一.测试范围3Gpp 的测试是针对GSM/UMTS 单模或双模手机,在通话模式下(指移动台靠近人耳的情况下)进行以下两项测试以验证手机的发射总功率和总接收灵敏度：1.Total Radiated Power (TRP) 2.Total Radiated Sensitivity (TRS)测试频率及信道如下表：Table 4.1: UTRA FDD frequency bandsTable 4.2: UTRA FDD ChannelsTable 4.3: GSM frequency bandsTable 4.4: GSM Channels二．TRP 的测量。

UMTS主要内容

主要内容：1、UMTS的基本理论。

简述无线通信的发展历史以及他们之间的变化。

2、UMTS基本结构的介绍。

从逻辑视图介绍UMTS的功能结构，GSM及GPRS向UMTS 过渡的结构变化。

3、无线接口。

UMTS作为UTRAN网络并且是FDD方式下的空中接口特性，包括：a、WCMDA空中接口的基本原理b、UTRAN网络的总体介绍，协议模型、物理层、RLC层、MAC层的基本功能以及所对应的信道、空中接口的通信过程、调制解调方案及AMR等。

4、基本通信过程。

移动台至核心网之间的通信过程。

一、UMTS Introduction目标：1、UMTS是什么？2、UMTS的标准由谁制定、这些标准的特点及不同标准的差异。

3、UMTS现状，各国license发布情况。

1、移动通信的基本发展过程第一代以模拟制式为代表的空中无线接口的应用主要有：NMT（北欧）、TACS （英国）、AMPS（北美）及R2000（铁路应用）等。

多种标准的存在使得彼此不兼容，不能互联互通。

第二代移动通信引入数字和调频技术，最典型的技术有：GSM（欧洲）、CDMA IS-95（北美）、D-AMPS（北美）、IS-136（北美）等。

在整个发展过程中，主要有三个分支，分别是欧洲、北美和日本的移动通信发展历程。

日本的分支由于比较独立，一般不在讨论之中。

作为欧洲第二代移动通信技术的典型代表是GSM，GSM在空中接口的主要特点：多址方式－—TDMA，采用8路时分复用的多址方式，每用户的接入是通过占用物理信道的时隙来区分。

从网络侧考虑，区分上下行链路的双工方式是FDD。

在每一个频率上使用8路时分复用，微观的占用时间片来区分多路用户的个人通信。

在通信过程中，每个用户得到的物理资源是时隙，在GSM中物理信道的定义为：物理信道（Phy channel）＝频率（Frequence）+时隙号（TS number）。

由于采用电路交换方式，每用户在通信过程中，将一直占用网络分配的物理信道直至通信结束。

GSM所有频段频点

GSM frequency bandsGSM frequency bands or frequency ranges are the cellular frequencies designated by the ITU for the operation of GSM mobile phones.GSM frequency bandsThere are fourteen bands defined in 3GPP TS 45.005, which succeeded 3GPP TS 05.05:System Band Uplink (MHz) Downlink (MHz) Channel numberT-GSM-380380380.2–389.8390.2–399.8dynamicT-GSM-410410410.2–419.8420.2–429.8dynamicGSM-450450450.4–457.6460.4–467.6259–293GSM-480480478.8–486.0488.8–496.0306–340GSM-710710698.0–716.0728.0–746.0dynamicGSM-750750747.0–762.0777.0–792.0438–511T-GSM-810810806.0–821.0851.0–866.0dynamicGSM-850850824.0–849.0869.0–894.0128–251P-GSM-900900890.2–914.8935.2–959.81–124E-GSM-900900880.0–914.8925.2–959.8975–1023, 0-124R-GSM-900900876.0–914.8921.0–959.8955–1023, 0-124T-GSM-900900870.4–876.0915.4–921.0dynamicDCS-180018001710.2–1784.81805.2–1879.8512–885PCS-190019001850.0–1910.01930.0–1990.0512–810•P-GSM, Standard or Primary GSM-900 Band•E-GSM, Extended GSM-900 Band (includes Standard GSM-900 band)•R-GSM, Railways GSM-900 Band (includes Standard and Extended GSM-900 band)•T-GSM, TETRA-GSMGSM-900, GSM-1800 and EGSM/EGSM-900GSM-900 and GSM-1800 are used in most parts of the world: Europe, Middle East, Africa, Australia, Oceania (and most of Asia). In South and Central America the following countries use the following:•Costa Rica - GSM-1800•Brazil - GSM-850, 900, 1800 and 1900•Guatemala - GSM-850, GSM-900 and 1900•El Salvador - GSM-850, GSM-900 and 1900GSM-900 uses 890–915 MHz to send information from the mobile station to the base station (uplink) and 935–960 MHz for the other direction (downlink), providing 124 RF channels (channel numbers 1 to 124) spaced at 200 kHz. Duplex spacing of 45 MHz is used. Guard bands 100 kHz wide are placed at either end of the range of frequencies.[1]GSM-1800GSM-1800 uses 1710–1785 MHz to send information from the mobile station to the base tranceiver station (uplink) and 1805–1880 MHz for the other direction (downlink), providing 374 channels (channel numbers 512 to 885). Duplex spacing is 95 MHz. GSM-1800 is also called DCS (Digital Cellular Service) in the United Kingdom, while being called PCS in Hong Kong[2] (not to mix up with GSM-1900 which is commonly called PCS in the rest of the world.) Mobile Communication Services on Aircraft (MCA) uses GSM1800.[3]GSM-850 and GSM-1900GSM-850 and GSM-1900 are used in Canada, the United States and many other countries in the Americas.•GSM-850 uses 824–849 MHz to send information from the mobile station to the base station (uplink) and 869–894 MHz for the other direction (downlink). Channel numbers are 128 to 251.GSM-850 is also sometimes called GSM-800 because this frequency range was known as the "800 MHz band"(for simplification) when it was first allocated for AMPS in the United States in 1983.The term Cellular is sometimes used to describe the 850 MHz band, because the original analog cellular mobile communication system was allocated in this spectrum.•GSM-1900 uses 1850–1910 MHz to send information from the mobile station to the base station (uplink) and 1930–1990 MHz for the other direction (downlink). Channel numbers are 512 to 810.PCS is the original name in North America for the 1900 MHz band. It is an initialism for Personal Communications Service.•Note: Telstra in Australia uses the 850Mhz for its Next G network (3G)GSM-450Another less common GSM version is GSM-450.[4] It uses the same band as, and can co-exist with, old analog NMT systems. NMT is a first generation (1G) mobile phone system which was primarily used in Nordic countries, Benelux, Alpine Countries, Eastern Europe and Russia prior to the introduction of GSM. It operates in either 450.4–457.6 MHz paired with 460.4–467.6 MHz (channel numbers 259 to 293), or 478.8–486 MHz paired with 488.8–496 MHz (channel numbers 306 to 340). The GSM Association claims one of its around 680 operator-members has a license to operate a GSM 450 network in Tanzania. However, currently all active public operators in Tanzania use GSM 900/1800 MHz. Overall, where the 450 MHz NMT band exists, it either still runs NMT, or its been replaced by CDMA. GSM-450 is a provision, it has not seen commercial deployment.GSM frequency usage across the worldThe AmericasIn North America, GSM operates on the primary mobile communication bands 850 MHz and 1900 MHz. In Canada, GSM-1900 is the primary band used in urban areas with 850 as a backup, and GSM-850 being the primary rural band. In the United States, regulatory requirements determine which area can use which band.GSM-1900 and GSM-850 are also used in most of South and Central America, and both Ecuador and Panama use GSM-850 exclusively (Note: Since November 2008, a Panamanian operator has begun to offer GSM-1900 service). Venezuela and Brazil use GSM-850 and GSM-900/1800 mixing the European and American bands. Some countries in the Americas use GSM-900 or GSM-1800, some others use 3, GSM-850/900/1900, GSM-850/1800/1900, GSM-900/1800/1900 or GSM-850/900/1800. Soon some countries will use GSM-850/900/1800/1900 MHZ like the Dominican Republic, Trinidad & Tobago and Venezuela.In Brazil, the 1900 MHz band is paired with 2100 MHz to form the IMT-compliant 2100 MHz band for 3G services.The result is a mixture of usage in the Americas that requires travelers to confirm that the phones they have are compatible with the band of the networks at their destinations. Frequency compatibility problems can be avoided through the use of multi-band (tri-band or, especially, quad-band), phones.Europe, Middle East and AsiaIn Europe, Middle East and Asia most of the providers use 900 MHz and 1800 MHz bands. GSM-900 is most widely used. Fewer operators use DCS-1800 and GSM-1800. A dual-band 900/1800 phone is required to be compatible with almost all operators. At least the GSM-900 band must be supported in order to be compatible with many operators.Multi-band and multi-mode phonesToday, most telephones support multiple bands as used in different countries to facilitate roaming. These are typically referred to as multi-band phones. Dual-band phones can cover GSM networks in pairs such as 900 and 1800 MHz frequencies (Europe, Asia, Australia and Brazil) or 850 and 1900 (North America and Brazil). European tri-band phones typically cover the 900, 1800 and 1900 bands giving good coverage in Europe and allowing limited use in North America, while North American tri-band phones utilize 850, 1800 and 1900 for widespread North American service but limited worldwide use. A new addition has been the quad-band phone, also known as a world phone, supporting all four major GSM bands, allowing for global use (excluding non-GSM countries such as Japan). There are also multi-mode phones which can operate on GSM as well as on other mobile phone systems using other technical standards or proprietary technologies. Often these phones use multiple frequency bands as well. For example, one version of the Nokia 6340i GAIT phone sold in North America can operate on GSM-1900, GSM-850 and legacy TDMA-1900, TDMA-800, and AMPS-800, making it both multi-mode and multi-band.Note that while the Nexus One, like many other devices on the market, may also become available in a UMTS I/II/IV or 2100/1900/850MHz combo,[5] it would still be considered tri-band UMTS, not quad-band, as the hardware is limited to supporting any 3 bands at one time. Further, as HSPA runs atop UMTS, it would not be considered a "mode" by strict definition.See also•3GPP•Cellular frequencies•OD-GPS•Roaming•UMTS frequency bands•United States 2008 wireless spectrum auctionReferences[1]Rappaport, Theodore S., Wireless Communications: Principles and Practices, 2nd Ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 2002. p. 554.[2]OFTA of HK, Office of the Telecommunications Authority (.hk/en/ad-comm/tsac/tsacpaper.html)[3]http://europa.eu/rapid/pressReleasesAction.do?reference=MEMO/08/220&format=HTML&aged=1&language=EN&guiLanguage=en[4]Ericsson, Nokia Eye 450 MHz GSM technology (/Sections/News/Print.aspx?NewsId=15254)[5]"Nexus One for AT&T's 3G bands likely in the works" (/2010/01/29/nexus-one-for-atandts-3g-bands-likely-in-the-works/). Engadget. 2010. .External links•GSM Coverage Maps and Roaming Information (/roaming/gsminfo/index.shtml) GSM World's listing of countries, frequencies, and roaming agreements.• - Publications - Current Coverage Maps (/gsmposter.htm) Charts of GSM/3GSM coverage and frequency usage for the world, Europe, Asia and the Americas • - History of GSM and More (/telecom-articles/History-of-GSM-and-More.html) GSM history, technology, bands, multi-band phones•3GPP Specification detail TS 05.05 (/ftp/Specs/html-info/0505.htm) Specification 3GPP TS 05.05 Radio Transmission and Reception•3GPP Specification detail TS 45.005 (/ftp/Specs/html-info/45005.htm) Specification 3GPP TS 45.005 Radio Transmission and Reception•3GPP Specifications for group: R4 (/ftp/Specs/html-info/TSG-WG--R4.htm) -Frequencies info for UMTS (TS 25.101/102/104/105)Article Sources and Contributors5 Article Sources and ContributorsGSM frequency bands Source: /w/index.php?oldid=406281515 Contributors: Aldaron, Amakader, Andros 1337, Armando82, Arteitle, BBCWatcher, Bachrach44,Beland, Blkballoon925, Bwilkins, Bwooce, Cassamine, ChrisHarris, ChrisUK, Chrisbolt, Colin Douglas Howell, Condem, Daydalaus, Desherinka, DrDeke, Enenn, Enquire, Eurolite x3, GJDR, Gaminrey, Githin, GoLLoMboje, Gordeonbleu, Guettarda, Gyrferret, Hamiltha, Improtas, Instantnood, Iwfi, Jareha, Jidanni, Jim.henderson, JohnTechnologist, Keres, Komiksulo, Kozuch,Kragen, LMB, Maksdo, Martin451, Melchoir, Mineralè, Moogle10000, Muhandes, Myscrnnm, Naddy, Nisselua, Nopetro, Notmicro, Omicronpersei8, Onorem, Otsego, Pan Camel, Patcat88,Peeperman, Pmbarros, Puelly, Puneetsohi1984, Quercus basaseachicensis, Radiojon, Rama, RobNich, Sam Hocevar, Sander123, Saxphile, Sciurinæ, Shanes, Sidonuke, Sloopjkb, Snickerdo,Starionwolf, Stephan Leeds, Stevage, Towel401, VCA, Verkhovensky, Vilpan, Yapkhs, ZorroIII, ترجمان05, 水水, 218 anonymous editsLicenseCreative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported/licenses/by-sa/3.0/。

全球LTE频段及制式

Reserved
FDD
17
704 MHz – 716 MHz 734 MHz – 746 MHz
FDD
18
815 MHz – 830 MHz 860 MHz – 875 MHz
FDD
19
830 MHz – 845 MHz 875 MHz – 890 MHz
FDD
20
832 MHz – 862 MHz 791 MHz – 821 MHz
Certification: GCF Certification: PTCRB
work item (WI) for Request for Test
RF + RRM
(RFT) with priority
Network operators
Network launch dates (expected / known), trials, commercial starts
not applicable
AT&T (US); Cox (US), Shaw (CAN), Metro PCS (US); US Cellular
AT&T (US); LG U+ (Korea), SK Telecom (Korea), US Cellular
DTAG: non-commercial 14 Dec 2010, launch 1 July 2011 (Cologne), in 100
25
1850 MHz – 1915 MHz 1930 MHz – 1995 MHz FDD
[26]
[814 MHz
849 MHz [859 MHz]
894 MHz] FDD
…
–

umts有哪些特性

umts有哪些特性UMTS作为一个完整的3G移动通信技术标准，UMTS并不仅限于定义空中接口，以下是由店铺整理关于什么是umts的内容，希望大家喜欢!umts的特性UMTS支持1920kbps的传输速率(不是经常看到的2Mbps)，然而在现实高负载系统中典型的最高速率大约只有384Kbps。

即使这样数据速度已经高出GSM纠错数据信道14.4kbps或者多个14.4 kbps 组成的HSCSD信道，真正能够实现价格可接受的移动WWW访问和MMS。

UMTS实现的前提是现在广泛使用GSM移动电话系统，属于2G技术。

还有一个叫做GPRS的从2G演进的途径。

(可以看作2.5G) GPRS支持更好的数据速率(理论上最大可以到140.8kbps，实际上能实现接近56Kbps)，数据封装好于面向连接。

GPRS已经在很多GSM 网络部署。

中国联通的的UMTS网络升级成HSDPA，有时也叫3.5G。

它可以实现下行链路大于10Mbps的传输速度。

UMTS在市场运作上强调移动视频电话会议实现的可能性，尽管实际上这项很有潜力的服务还有很多没有经过测试验证。

UMTS其它可能的应用还有音乐下载和视频电话。

umts的运营情况世界上第一个UMTS网络2001年在马恩岛由Manx Telecom投入运营。

下一个网络简称移动运营商3 2003年在英国启动..3是一个从3G网络成长起来的原属于和记黄埔(现在是合作伙伴)的运营商。

它很快就要在全球启动其他UMTS网络(2004年12月) 包括澳大利亚，奥地利，丹麦，香港，以色列，意大利，葡萄牙，爱尔兰共和国和瑞典. 大多数西欧GSM运营商打算未来升级到UMTS，因为它比较接近于GSM2G标准。

2003年12月，T-Mobile启动了他的奥地利UMTS网络，英国和德国的网络也在调试中。

2004年2月，沃达丰开始在包括英国德国荷兰瑞典在内的几个欧洲市场大范围部署UMTS。

在葡萄牙，UMTS已经先于Euro 2004运营。

GSM所有频段频点

移动通信频段划分

UMTS 分类

10-UMTS常用无线参数介绍-29

umts标准 (1)

科技英语中英文对照翻译

移动通信专业术语全解

3G频段和频点概念及全球频率配置规划详解

全球运营商WCDMA频段分配

UMTS信道总结

各国运营商WCDMA UMTS频段

Frequency bands

WCDMA-UMTS物理信道

一文读懂大唐杯所有名词解释

OTA测试标准之各个标准组织的异同及解读 二

UMTS主要内容

GSM所有频段频点

全球LTE频段及制式

umts有哪些特性

OTA测试标准之各个标准组织的异同及解读二