2004年6月研究生英语学位课统考真题讲解
2004年考研英语真题及答案详解(含答案译文词汇讲解)
1 on the individual suggest that children engage in criminal behavior 2 they were not
sufficiently penalized for previous misdeeds or that they have learned criminal behavior through
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C] or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)
14 ， children are likely to have less supervision at home
15 was common in the traditional family 16 . This lack of parental supervision is
thought to be an influence on juvenile crime rates. Other __17_ causes of offensive acts include
[D] reflect [D] amount
[D] at length [D] essence
13. [A] survived 14.[A] contrarily 15. [A] than 16. [A] system 17. [A] assessable 18. [A] expense 19. [A] incidence 20. [A] provided
2004年全国考研英语试题及答案.doc
2004年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section II Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency (crimes committed by young people) focus either on the individual or on society as the major contributing influence. Theories 大21家on the individual suggest that children engage in criminal behavior 大22家they were not sufficiently penalized for previous misdeeds or that they have learned criminal behavior through 大23家with others. Theories focusing on the role of society suggest that children commit crimes in 大24家to their failure to rise above their socioeconomic status, 大25家as a rejection of middle-class values.Most theories of juvenile delinquency have focused on children from disadvantaged families, 大26家the fact that children from wealthy homes also commit crimes. The latter may commit crimes 大27家lack of adequate parental control. All theories, however, are tentative and are 大28家to criticism.Changes in the social structure may indirectly 大29家juvenile crime rates. For example, changes in the economy that 大30家to fewer job opportunities for youth and rising unemployment 大31家make gainful employment increasingly difficult to obtain. The resulting discontent may in 大32家lead moreyouths into criminal behavior.Families have also 大33家changes these years. More families consist of one-parent households or two working parents; 大34家, children are likely to have less supervision at home 大35家was common in the traditional family 大36家. This lack of parental supervision is thought to be an influence on juvenile crime rates. Other 大37家causes of offensive acts include frustration or failure in school, the increased 大38家of drugs and alcohol, and the growing 大39家of child abuse and child neglect. All these conditions tend to increase the probability of a child committing a criminal act, 大40家 a directcausal relationship has not yet been established.21. [A] acting[B] relying[C] centering[D] commenting22. [A] before[B] unless[C] until[D] because23. [A] interaction[B] assimilation[C] cooperation[D] consultation24. [A] return[B] reply[C] reference[D] response25. [A] or[B] but rather[C] but[D] or else26. [A] considering[B] ignoring[C] highlighting[D] discarding27. [A] on[B] in[C] for[D] with28. [A] immune[B] resistant[C] sensitive[D] subject29. [A] affect[B] reduce[C] check[D] reflect30. [A] point[B] lead[C] come[D] amount31. [A] in general[B] on average[C] by contrast[D] at length32. [A] case[B] short[C] turn[D] essence33. [A] survived[B] noticed[C] undertaken[D] experienced34. [A] contrarily[B] consequently[C] similarly[D] simultaneously35. [A] than[B] that[C] which[D] as36. [A] system[B] structure[C] concept[D] heritage37. [A] assessable[B] identifiable[C] negligible[D] incredible38. [A] expense[B] restriction[C] allocation[D] availability39. [A] incidence[B] awareness[C] exposure[D] popularity40. [A] provided[B] since[C] although[D] supposingSection III Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C] or [D]. Markyour answers on A NSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1Hunting for a job late last year, lawyer Gant Redmon stumbled across CareerBuilder, a job database onthe Internet. He searched it with no success but was attracted by the site’s “personal se interactive feature that lets visitors key in job criteria such as location, title, and salary, then E-mails themlegal, intellectual property,when a matching position is posted in the database. Redmon chose the keywordsand Washington, D.C. Three weeks later, he got his first notification of an open ing. “I struck g old,” says Redmon, who E-mailed his resume to the employer and won a position as in-house counsel for a company.With thousands of career-related sites on the Internet, finding promising openings can betime-consuming and inefficient. Search agents reduce the need for repeated visits to the databases. B ut although a search agent worked for Redmon, career experts see drawbacks. Narrowing your criteria, for example, may work against you: “Every time you answer a question you eliminate a possibility.expert.For any job search, you should start with a narrow concept—what you think you want to do -- then broaden it. “None of these programs do that,” says another expert. “There’s no career coe best strategy is to use the agent as a kind of tip service to keep abreast of jobs in aall of this.” Instead, thparticular database; when you get E-mail, consider it a reminder to check the database again. “rely on agents for finding everything that is added to a da tabase that might interest me,” says the author job-searching guide.agent sends out Some sites design their agents to tempt job hunters to return. When CareerSite’smessages to those who have signed up for its service, for example, it includes only three potential jobs --those it considers the best matches. There may be more matches in the database; job hunters will have tovisit the site again to find them -- and they do. “On the day after we send our messages, we see a sharp increase in our traffic,” says Seth Peets, vice president of marketing for CareerSite.Even those who aren’t hunting for jobs may find search agents worthwhile. Some use them to keep a close watch on the demand for their line of work or gather information on compensation to arm themselveswhen negotiating for a raise. Although happily employed, Redmon maintains his agent at CareerBuilder. “You always keep your eyes open,” he says. Working with a personal search agent means having anoth of eyes looking out for you.41. How did Redmon find his job?[A] By searching openings in a job database.[B] By posting a matching position in a database.[C] By using a special service of a database.[D] By E-mailing his resume to a database.42. Which of the following can be a disadvantage of search agents?[A] Lack of counseling.[B] Limited number of visits.[C] Lower efficiency.[D] Fewer successful matches.43. The expression “tip service” (Line 4, Paragraph 3) most probably means ________.[A] advisory[B] compensation[C] interaction[D] reminder44. Why does CareerSite’s agent offer each job hunter only three job options?[A] To focus on better job matches.[B] To attract more returning visits.[C] To reserve space for more messages.[D] To increase the rate of success.45. Which of the following is true according to the text?[A] Personal search agents are indispensable to job-hunters.[B] Some sites keep E-mailing job seekers to trace their demands.[C] Personal search agents are also helpful to those already employed.[D] Some agents stop sending information to people once they are employed.Text 2Over the past century, all kinds of unfairness and discrimination have been condemned or made illegal.But one insidious form continues to thrive: alphabetism. This, for those as yet unaware of such a disadvantage, refers to discrimination against those whose surnames begin with a letter in the lower half ofthe alphabet.It has long been known that a taxi firm called AAAA cars has a big advantage over Zodiac cars when customers thumb through their phone directories. Less well known is the advantage that Adam Abbott has inlife over Zo?Zysman. English names are fairly evenly spread between the halves of the alphabet. Yet a suspiciously large number of top people have surnames beginning with letters between A and K.Thus the American president and vice-president have surnames starting with B and C respectively; and26 of George Bush’s predecessors (including his father) had surnames in the first half of the alphabet agains just 16 in the second half. Even more striking, six of the seven heads of government of the G7 rich countriesare alphabetically advantaged (Berlusconi, Blair, Bush, Chirac, Chrétien and Koizumi). The world’top central bankers (Greenspan, Duisenberg and Hayami) are all close to the top of the alphabet, even if oneof them really uses Japanese characters. As are the world’s five richest men (Gates, Buffett, Alle and Albrecht).Can this merely be coincidence? One theory, dreamt up in all the spare time enjoyed by the alphabetically disadvantaged, is that the rot sets in early. At the start of the first year in infant school, teachers seat pupils alphabetically from the front, to make it easier to remember their names. Soshort-sighted Zysman junior gets stuck in the back row, and is rarely asked the improving questions posedby those insensitive teachers. At the time the alphabetically disadvantaged may think they have had a lucky escape. Yet the result may be worse qualifications, because they get less individual attention, as well as less confidence in speaking publicly.The humiliation continues. At university graduation ceremonies, the ABCs proudly get their awardsfirst; by the time they reach the Zysmans most people are literally having a ZZZ. Shortlists for job interviews, election ballot papers, lists of conference speakers and attendees: all tend to be drawn upalphabetically, and their recipients lose interest as they plough through them.46. What does the author intend to illustrate with AAA A cars and Zodiac cars?[A] A kind of overlooked inequality.[B] A type of conspicuous bias.[C] A type of personal prejudice.[D] A kind of brand discrimination.47. What can we infer from the first three paragraphs?[A] In both East and West, names are essential to success.[B] The alphabet is to blame for the failure of Zo? Zysman.[C] Customers often pay a lot of attention to companies’ names.[D] Some form of discrimination is too subtle to recognize.48. The 4th paragraph suggests that ________.[A] questions are often put to the more intelligent students[B] alphabetically disadvantaged students often escape from class[C] teachers should pay attention to all of their students[D] students should be seated according to their eyesight-3, Paragraph 5)?49. What does the author m ean by “most people are literally having a ZZZ” (Lines 2[A] They are getting impatient.[B] They are noisily dozing off.[C] They are feeling humiliated.[D] They are busy with word puzzles.50. Which of the following is true according to the text?[A] People with surnames beginning with N to Z are often ill-treated.[B] VIPs in the Western world gain a great deal from alphabetism.[C] The campaign to eliminate alphabetism still has a long way to go.[D] Putting things alphabetically may lead to unintentional bias.Text 3-year-old When it comes to the slowing economy, Ellen Spero isn’t biting her nails just yet. But the 47 manicurist isn’t cutting, filling or polishing as many nails as she’d like to, either. Most of $12 to $50 weekly, but last month two longtime customers suddenly stopped showing up. Spero blames thea good economic indicator,” she says. “I provide a service that people can do softening economy. “I’mSo Spero is downscaling, shopping at without when they’re concerned about saving some dollars.” middle-brow Dillard’s department store near her suburban Cleveland home, instead of Neiman Marcus. don’t know if other clients are going to abandon me, too.” she says.-hot economy is cooling, lots of working Even before Alan Greenspan’s admission that America’s redfolks had already seen signs of the slowdown themselves. From car dealerships to Gap outlets, sales havebeen lagging for months as shoppers temper their spending. For retailers, who last year took in 24 percent of their revenue between Thanksgiving and Christmas, the cautious approach is coming at a crucial time. Already, experts say, holiday sales are off 7 percent from last year’s pace. But don’t s yet. Consumers seem only mildly concerned, not panicked, and many say they remain optimistic about the economy’s long-term prospects, even as they do some modest belt-tightening.Consumers say they’re not in despair because, despite the dreadful headlines, their own fortunes still feel pretty good. Home prices are holding steady in most regions. In Manhattan, “there’s a happening in the $4 million to $10 million range, predominantly fed by Wall Street bonuses,Barbara Corcoran. In San Francisco, prices are still rising even as frenzied overbidding quiets. “Inst-estate broker. And20 to 30 offers, now maybe you only get two or three,” says John Tealdi, a Bay Area realmost folks still feel pretty comfortable about their ability to find and keep a job.Many folks see silver linings to this slowdown. Potential home buyers would cheer for lower interestrates. Employers wouldn’t mind a little fewer bubbles in the job market. Many consumers seem to have beeinfluenced by stock-market swings, which investors now view as a necessary ingredient to a sustained boom. Diners might see an upside, too. Getting a table at Manhattan’s hot new Alain Ducasse restaur impossible. Not anymore. For that, Greenspan & Co. may still be worth toasting.-2, Paragraph 1), the author means ________.51. By “Ellen Spero isn’t biting her nails just yet” (Lines 1[A] Spero can hardly maintain her business[B] Spero is too much engaged in her work[C] Spero has grown out of her bad habit[D] Spero is not in a desperate situation52. How do the public feel about the current economic situation?[A] Optimistic.[B] Confused.[C] Carefree.[D] Panicked.-4, Paragraph 3) the author is talking53. When mentioning “the $4 million to $10 million range” (Lines 3about ________.[A] gold market[B] real estate[C] stock exchange[D] venture investment54. Why can many people see “silver linings” to the economic slowdown?[A] They would benefit in certain ways.[B] The stock market shows signs of recovery.[C] Such a slowdown usually precedes a boom.[D] The purchasing power would be enhanced.55. To which of the following is the author likely to agree?[A] A new boom, on the horizon.[B] Tighten the belt, the single remedy.[C] Caution all right, panic not.[D] The more ventures, the more chances.Text 4Americans today don’t place a very high value on intellect. Our heroes are athletes, entertainers, and entrepreneurs, not scholars. Even our schools are where we send our children to get a practical education --not to pursue knowledge for the sake of knowledge. Symptoms of pervasive anti-intellectualism in our schools aren’t difficult to find.says “Schools have always been in a society where practical is more important than intellectual,” Left Back: A education writer Diane Ravitch. “Schools could be a counterbalance.” Ravitch’s latest boo Century of Failed School Reforms, traces the roots of anti-intellectualism in our schools, concluding they are anything but a counterbalance to the American distaste for intellectual pursuits.But they could and should be. Encouraging kids to reject the life of the mind leaves them vulnerable to exploitation and control. Without the ability to think critically, to defend their ideas and understand the ideasof others, they cannot fully participate in our democracy. Continuing along this path, says writer Earl Shorris, “We will become a second-rate country. We will have a less civil society.”“Intellect is resented as a form of power or privilege,” writes historian and professor Ric in Anti-Intellectualism in American Life, a Pulitzer-Prize winning book on the roots of anti-intellectualism inUS politics, religion, and education. From the beginning of our history, says Hofstadter, our democratic and populist urges have driven us to reject anything that smells of elitism. Practicality, common sense, and native intelligence have been considered more noble qualities than anything you could learn from a book.Ralph Waldo Emerson and other Transcendentalist philosophers thought schooling and rigorous book learning put unnatural restraints on children: “We are shut up in schools and college recitation roMark Twain’sor 15 years and come out at last with a bellyful of words and do not know a thing.” Huckleberry Finn exemplified American anti-intellectualism. Its hero avoids being civilized -- going to school and learning to read -- so he can preserve his innate goodness.Intellect, according to Hofstadter, is different from native intelligence, a quality we reluctantly admire. Intellect is the critical, creative, and contemplative side of the mind. Intelligence seeks to grasp, manipulate,re-order, and adjust, while intellect examines, ponders, wonders, theorizes, criticizes and imagines.School remains a place where intellect is mistrusted. Hofstadter says our country’s e is in the grips of people who “joyfully and militantly proclaim their hostility to intellect and their eagerne to identify with children who show the least intellectual promise.”56. What do American parents expect their children to acquire in school?[A] The habit of thinking independently.[B] Profound knowledge of the world.[C] Practical abilities for future career.[D] The confidence in intellectual pursuits.57. We can learn from the text that Americans have a history of ________.[A] undervaluing intellect[B] favoring intellectualism[C] supporting school reform[D] suppressing native intelligence58. The views of Ravitch and Emerson on schooling are ________.[A] identical[B] similar[C] complementary[D] opposite59. Emerson, according to the text, is probably ________.[A] a pioneer of education reform[B] an opponent of intellectualism[C] a scholar in favor of intellect[D] an advocate of regular schooling60. What does the author think of intellect?[A] It is second to intelligence.[B] It evolves from common sense.[C] It is to be pursued.[D] It underlies power.Part BDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)The relation of language and mind has interested philosophers for many centuries. 61) The Greeks assumed that the structure of language had some connection with the process of thought, which took root in Europe long before people realized how diverse languages could be.Only recently did linguists begin the serious study of languages that were very different from their own.Two anthropologist-linguists, Franz Boas and Edward Sapir, were pioneers in describing many native languages of North and South America during the first half of the twentieth century. 62) We are obliged tothem because s ome of these languages have since vanished, as the peoples who spoke them died out or became assimilated and lost their native languages. Other linguists in the earlier part of this century, however,nguage, were not always so grateful. 63) Thewho were less eager to deal with bizarre data from “exotic” lanewly described languages were often so strikingly different from the well studied languages of Europe and Southeast Asia that some scholars even accused Boas and Sapir of fabricating their data. Native Americanlanguages are indeed different, so much so in fact that Navajo could be used by the US military as a code during World War II to send secret messages.pupil, Benjamin Lee Whorf, continued the study of American Indian languages. 64) Being Sapir’sinterested in the relationship of language and thought, Whorf developed the idea that the structure of language determines the structure of habitual thought in a society. He reasoned that because it is easier to formulate certain concepts and not others in a given language, the speakers of that language think along one track and not along another. 65) Whorf came to believe in a sort of linguistic determinism which, in its strongest form, states that language imprisons the mind, and that the grammatical patterns in a language can produce far-reaching consequences for the culture of a society. Later, this idea became to be known as the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, but this term is somewhat inappropriate. Although both Sapir and Whorf emphasized the diversity of languages, Sapir himself never explicitly supported the notion of linguistic determinism.2004年考研英语真题答案Section II: Use of English (10 points)21. [C] 22. [D] 23. [A] 24. [D] 25. [A]26. [B] 27. [C] 28. [D] 29. [A] 30. [B]31. [A] 32. [C] 33. [D] 34. [B] 35. [A]36. [B] 37. [B] 38. [D] 39. [A] 40. [C]Section III: Reading Comprehension (50 points)Part A (40 points)41. [C] 42. [A] 43. [D] 44. [B] 45. [C]46. [A] 47. [D] 48. [C] 49. [B] 50. [D]51. [D] 52. [A] 53. [B] 54. [A] 55. [C]56. [C] 57. [A] 58. [D] 59. [B] 60. [C]Part B (10 points)61. 希腊人认为, 语言结构与思维过程之间存在着某种联系。
2004年英语一答案详解
2004年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语答案详解第一部分英语知识运用试题解析一、文章总体分析文章主要探讨青少年犯罪的原因。
一开始，文章从现有的理论出发，指出这些理论集中把个人或社会看作主要影响因素。
接着文章又进一步谈到，现有理论只关注来自贫穷家庭的孩子，而忽视了来自富有家庭的孩子也犯罪这一事实。
总之，这些理论都是不确定的，容易受到批评和攻击。
从第三段开始，文章提出了新的见解：社会结构的变化可能间接地影响了青少年犯罪率。
这其中包括经济结构和家庭结构的变化。
除此之外，也有其他一些原因造成了青少年的犯罪行为。
最后，文章就以上提到的众多原因作了一个总结：所有上述情形都有可能促使青少年犯罪，但它们与青少年犯罪是否存在直接的因果关系还没有确定。
二、试题具体解析1. [A] acting (on) 对……起作用[B] relying (on) 依靠，指望[C] centering (on) 以……为中心，围绕；集中于……[D] commenting(on) 对……做出评论[答案] C[解析] 本题考核的知识点是：平行句子结构+分词短语辨析。
本题要求考生判断空格处应填入什么分词与on搭配，构成分词短语。
从结构上看，文章第一段由三个平行结构的长句子构成，其主要结构为Many theories concerning…focus on；Theories 1 on the individual suggest that；Theories focusing on the role of society suggest that。
三个句子的主语都是theories，并都接有分词作定语。
因此空格处填入的分词应和前一句中的concerning、后一句中的focusing on遥相呼应，都表示―关于…的理论‖的含义，从文意方面看，第一句话总述到，关于（concerning）青少年犯罪原由的理论集中研究两个方面，即个人因素和社会因素。
2004年考研英语一真题答案解析
2004年全国攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试英语答案及解析第一部分英语知识运用试题解析一、文章总体分析文章主要探讨青少年犯罪的原因。
一开始，文章从现有的理论出发，指出这些理论集中把个人或社会看作主要影响因素。
接着文章又进一步谈到，现有理论只关注来自贫穷家庭的孩子，而忽视了来自富有家庭的孩子也犯罪这一事实。
总之，这些理论都是不确定的，容易受到批评和攻击。
从第三段开始，文章提出了新的见解：社会结构的变化可能间接地影响了青少年犯罪率。
这其中包括经济结构和家庭结构的变化。
除此之外，也有其他一些原因造成了青少年的犯罪行为。
最后，文章就以上提到的众多原因作了一个总结：所有上述情形都有可能促使青少年犯罪，但它们与青少年犯罪是否存在直接的因果关系还没有确定。
二、试题具体解析1. [A] acting (on) 对……起作用[B]relying (on) 依靠，指望[C]centering (on) 以……为中心，围绕；集中于……[D]commenting (on) 对……做出评论[答案] C[解析] 本题考核的知识点是：平行句子结构+分词短语辨析。
本题要求考生判断空格处应填入什么分词与on搭配，构成分词短语。
从结构上看，文章第一段由三个平行结构的长句子构成，其主要结构为Many theories concerning…focus on；Theories 1 on the individual suggest that；Theories focusing on the role of society suggest that。
三个句子的主语都是 theories，并都接有分词作定语。
因此空格处填入的分词应和前一句中的concerning、后一句中的focusing on遥相呼应，都表示“关于…的理论”的含义，从文意方面看，第一句话总述到，关于（concerning）青少年犯罪原由的理论集中研究两个方面，即个人因素和社会因素。
2004年考研真题及答案解析
2004考研英语真题答案解析Section I Listening ComprehensionDirections:This section is designed to test your ability to understand spoken English. You will hear a selection of recorded materials and you must answer the questions that accompany them. There are three parts in this section, Part A, Part B and Part C.Remember, while you are doing the test, you should first put down your answers in your test booklet. At the end of the listening comprehension section, you will have 5 minutes to transfer all your answers from your test booklet to ANSWER SHEET 1.Now look at Part A in your test booklet.Part ADirections:For questions 1 - 5, you will hear a talk about the geography of Belgium. While you listen, fill out the table with the information you have heard. Some of the information has been given to you in the table. Write only 1 word or number in each numbered box. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the table below. (5 points)Geography of BelgiumThree main regions coastal plaincentral plateau1Highest altitude of the coastal plain m 2Climate near the sea humid3Particularly rainy months of the years April4Average temperatures in July in Brussels low 13 ℃High ℃ 5听力原文Belgium has three main geographic regions: the coastal plain, the central plateau and the highlands. The coastal plain extends inlands 16 to 48 kilometers on the northwest. Along the north sea is a lowlying area consisting mainly of sandy hills and sections of lands reclaimed from the sea. The coastal p lain’s elevation ranges from sea level to 20 metres.The central plateau is a gently rolling, slightly elevated area, irrigated by many waterways and containing a number of wide, fertile valleys with a rich soil. The highlands, a densely-wooded plateau, averaging 460 metres in elevation, extends across southeastern Belgium and into northeastern France. Located here is the highest peak in Belgium with an elevation of 694 meters.The climate near the sea is humid and mild. Farther inland, a marked increase in the range of temperature occurs. In the highlands, hot summers alternate with cold winters. Heavy rains are confined almost exclusively to the highlands. Fog and rain are common, and April and November are particularly rainy months. In Brussels, the average temperatures range from zero to 5 degrees Centigrade in January and from 13 to 22 degrees Centigrade in July. Along the coast, the average range is 1 degree to 5 degrees Centigrade in January and 14 to 20 degrees Centigrade in July.解题指导：预览指导语及表格，以便对录音材料的内容大概了解，同时也是为了有针对性地听录音，捕捉每个空格的答案信息。
2004年考研真题及答案解析
2004考研英语真题答案解析Section I Listening ComprehensionDirections:This section is designed to test your ability to understand spoken English. You will hear a selection of recorded materials and you must answer the questions that accompany them. There are three parts in this section, Part A, Part B and Part C.Remember, while you are doing the test, you should first put down your answers in your test booklet. At the end of the listening comprehension section, you will have 5 minutes to transfer all your answers from your test booklet to ANSWER SHEET 1.Now look at Part A in your test booklet.Part ADirections:For questions 1 - 5, you will hear a talk about the geography of Belgium. While you listen, fill out the table with the information you have heard. Some of the information has been given to you in the table. Write only 1 word or number in each numbered box. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the table below. (5 points)Geography of BelgiumThree main regions coastal plaincentral plateau1Highest altitude of the coastal plain m 2Climate near the sea humid3Particularly rainy months of the years April4Average temperatures in July in Brussels low 13 ℃High ℃ 5听力原文Belgium has three main geographic regions: the coastal plain, the central plateau and the highlands. The coastal plain extends inlands 16 to 48 kilometers on the northwest. Along the north sea is a lowlying area consisting mainly of sandy hills and sections of lands reclaimed from the sea. The coastal p lain’s elevation ranges from sea level to 20 metres.The central plateau is a gently rolling, slightly elevated area, irrigated by many waterways and containing a number of wide, fertile valleys with a rich soil. The highlands, a densely-wooded plateau, averaging 460 metres in elevation, extends across southeastern Belgium and into northeastern France. Located here is the highest peak in Belgium with an elevation of 694 meters.The climate near the sea is humid and mild. Farther inland, a marked increase in the range of temperature occurs. In the highlands, hot summers alternate with cold winters. Heavy rains are confined almost exclusively to the highlands. Fog and rain are common, and April and November are particularly rainy months. In Brussels, the average temperatures range from zero to 5 degrees Centigrade in January and from 13 to 22 degrees Centigrade in July. Along the coast, the average range is 1 degree to 5 degrees Centigrade in January and 14 to 20 degrees Centigrade in July.解题指导：预览指导语及表格，以便对录音材料的内容大概了解，同时也是为了有针对性地听录音，捕捉每个空格的答案信息。
2004年考研英语解析
2004年全国攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试英语试题第一部分英语知识运用试题解析一、文章总体分析文章主要探讨青少年犯罪的原因。
一开始，文章从现有的理论出发，指出这些理论集中把个人或社会看作主要影响因素。
接着文章又进一步谈到，现有理论只关注来自贫穷家庭的孩子，而忽视了来自富有家庭的孩子也犯罪这一事实。
总之，这些理论都是不确定的，容易受到批评和攻击。
从第三段开始，文章提出了新的见解：社会结构的变化可能间接地影响了青少年犯罪率。
这其中包括经济结构和家庭结构的变化。
除此之外，也有其他一些原因造成了青少年的犯罪行为。
最后，文章就以上提到的众多原因作了一个总结：所有上述情形都有可能促使青少年犯罪，但它们与青少年犯罪是否存在直接的因果关系还没有确定。
二、试题具体解析1. [A] acting (on) 对……起作用[B] relying (on) 依靠，指望[C] centering (on) 以……为中心，围绕；集中于……[D] commenting(on) 对……做出评论[答案] C[解析] 本题考核的知识点是：平行句子结构+分词短语辨析。
本题要求考生判断空格处应填入什么分词与on搭配，构成分词短语。
从结构上看，文章第一段由三个平行结构的长句子构成，其主要结构为Many theories concerning…focus on；Theories 1 on the individual suggest that；Theories focusing on the role of society suggest that。
三个句子的主语都是theories，并都接有分词作定语。
因此空格处填入的分词应和前一句中的concerning、后一句中的focusing on遥相呼应，都表示“关于…的理论”的含义，从文意方面看，第一句话总述到，关于（concerning）青少年犯罪原由的理论集中研究两个方面，即个人因素和社会因素。
2004年考研英语试题及答案
2004 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section II Use of English Directions:Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1 . (10 points)Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency (crimes committed by young people) focus either on the individual or on society as the major contributing influence. Theories 大21家on the individual suggest that children engage in criminal behavior 大22家they were not sufficiently penalized for previous misdeeds or that they have learned criminal behavior through 大23家with others. Theories focusing on the role of society suggest that children commit crimes in 大24家to their failure to rise above their socioeconomic status, 大25家as a rejection of middle-class values.Most theories of juvenile delinquency have focused on children from disadvantaged families, 大26家the fact that children from wealthy homes also commit crimes. The latter may commit crimes 大27家lack of adequate parental control. All theories, however, are tentative and are大28家to criticism.Changes in the social structure may indirectly 大29家juvenile crime rates. For example, changes in the economy that 大30家to fewer job opportunities for youth and rising unemployment 大31家make gainful employment increasingly difficult to obtain. The resulting discontent may in 大32家lead moreyouths into criminal behavior.Families have also 大33家changes these years. More families consist of one-parent households or two working parents; 大34家, children are likely to have less supervision at home 大35家was common in the traditional family 大36家. This lack of parental supervision is thought to be an influence on juvenile crime rates. Other 大37家causes of offensive acts include frustration or failure in school, the increased 大38家of drugs and alcohol, and the growing 大39家of child abuse and child neglect. All these conditions tend to increase the probability of a child committing a criminal act, 大40家 a directcausal relationship has not yet been established.21. [A] acting[B] relying[C] centering[D] commenting22. [A] before[B] unless[C] until[D] because23. [A] interaction[B] assimilation[C] cooperation[D] consultation24. [A] return[B] reply[C] reference[D] response25. [A] or[B] but rather[C] but[D] or else26. [A] considering[B] ignoring[C] highlighting[D] discarding27.[A] on[B] in[C] for[D] with28.[A] immune[B] resistant[C] sensitive[D] subject29.[A] affect[B] reduce[C] check[D] reflect30.[A] point[B] lead[C] come[D] amount31.[A] in general[B] on average[C] by contrast[D] at length32.[A] case[B] short[C] turn[D] essence33.[A] survived[B] noticed[C] undertaken[D] experienced34.[A] contrarily[B] consequently[C] similarly[D] simultaneously35.[A] than[B] that[C] which[D] as36.[A] system[B] structure[C] concept[D] heritage37.[A] assessable[B] identifiable[C] negligible[D] incredible38.[A] expense[B] restriction[C] allocation[D] availability39.[A] incidence[B] awareness[C] exposure[D] popularity40.[A] provided[B] since[C] although[D] supposingSection III Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C] or [D]. Markyour answers on ANSWER SHEET 1 . (40 points)Text 1Hunting for a job late last year, lawyer Gant Redmon stumbled across CareerBuilder, a job database onthe Internet. He searched it with no success but was attracted b y the site ’s “personal search agent. ”interactive feature that lets visitors key in job criteria such as location, title, and salary, then E-mails themwhen a matching position is posted in the database. Redmon chose the keywordlesgal, intellectual property,and Washington, D.C . Three weeks later, he got his first notification of an opening. “I struckgold, ”says Redmon, who E-mailed his resume to the employer and won a position as in-house counsel for a company. With thousands of career-related sites on the Internet, finding promising openings can be time-consuming and inefficient. Search agents reduce the need for repeated visits to the databases.Butalthough a search agent worked for Redmon, career experts see drawbacks. Narrowing your criteria, for example, may work against you: “Every time you answer a question you eliminate a possibility.expert.For any job search, you should start with a narrow concept —what you think you want to do -- then broaden it.“None of these programs do that, ”says another expert. “There’s no career coall of this. ”Instead, the best strategy is to use the agent as a t k i p i n s d e o r v f ice to keep abreast of jobs in a particular database; when you get E-mail, consider it a reminder to check the database again. “I would not rely on agents for finding everything that is added to a database that might interest me,job-searching guide.Some sites design their agents to tempt job hunters to return. When CareerSite ’a gsent sends out messages to those who have signed up for its service, for example, it includes only three potential jobs -- those it considers the best matches. There may be more matches in the database; job hunters will have tovisit the site again to find them -- and they do. “On the day after we send our messages, we seea sharp increase in our traffic, ”says Seth Peets, vice president of marketing for CareerSite.Even those who aren ’t hunting for jobs may find search agents worthwhile. Some use them to keep a close watch on the demand for their line of work or gather information on compensation to arm themselves when negotiating for a raise. Although happily employed, Redmon maintains his agent at CareerBuilder. “You always keep your eyes open, ”he s a y s w. W i t h o a r k p i n e g r s o n a l search agent means having another setof eyes looking out for you.41.How did Redmon find his job?[A] By searching openings in a job database.[B] By posting a matching position in a database.[C] By using a special service of a database.[D] By E-mailing his resume to a database.42.Which of the following can be a disadvantage of search agents?[A] Lack of counseling.[B] Limited number of visits.[C] Lower efficiency.[D] Fewer successful matches.43.The expression “tip service 4,”P a(r L a i g n r e a p h 3) most probably means ________.[A] advisory[B] compensation[C] interaction[D] reminder44.Why does CareerSite ’s agent offer each job hunter only three job options?[A] To focus on better job matches.[B] To attract more returning visits.[C] To reserve space for more messages.[D] To increase the rate of success.45.Which of the following is true according to the text?[A] Personal search agents are indispensable to job-hunters.[B] Some sites keep E-mailing job seekers to trace their demands.[C] Personal search agents are also helpful to those already employed.[D] Some agents stop sending information to people once they are employed.Text 2Over the past century, all kinds of unfairness and discrimination have been condemned or made illegal. But one insidious form continues to thrive: alphabetism. This, for those as yet unaware of such a disadvantage, refers to discrimination against those whose surnames begin with a letter in the lower half ofthe alphabet.It has long been known that a taxi firm called AAAA cars has a big advantage over Zodiac cars when customers thumb through their phone directories. Less well known is the advantage that Adam Abbott has in life over Zo? Zysman. English names are fairly evenly spread between the halves of the alphabet. Yet a suspiciously large number of top people have surnames beginning with letters between A and K.Thus the American president and vice-president have surnames starting with B and C respectively; and26 of George Bush ’s predecessolrusd(iningc his father) had surnames in the first half of the alphabet againstjust 16 in the second half. Even more striking, six of the seven heads of government of the G7 rich countries are alphabetically advantaged (Berlusconi, Blair, Bush, Chirac, Chr tien aénd Koizumi). The world ’s three top central bankers (Greenspan, Duisenberg and Hayami) are all close to the top of the alphabet, even if oneof them really uses Japanese characters. As are the world ’s five richest men (Gates, Buffett, Alle and Albrecht).Can this merely be coincidence? One theory, dreamt up in all the spare time enjoyed by the alphabetically disadvantaged,is that the rot sets in early. At the start of the first year in infant school, teachers seat pupils alphabetically from the front, to make it easier to remember their names. So short-sighted Zysman junior gets stuck in the back row, and is rarely asked the improving questions posedby those insensitive teachers. At the time the alphabetically disadvantaged may think they have had a lucky escape. Yet the result may be worse qualifications, because they get less individual attention, as well as less confidence in speaking publicly.The humiliation continues. At university graduation ceremonies, the ABCs proudly get their awards first;by the time they reach the Zysmans most people are literally having a ZZZ. Shortlists for job interviews, election ballot papers, lists of conference speakers and attendees: all tend to be drawn upalphabetically, and their recipients lose interest as they plough through them.46.What does the author intend to illustrate with AAA A cars and Zodiac cars?[A] A kind of overlooked inequality.[B] A type of conspicuous bias.[C] A type of personal prejudice.[D] A kind of brand discrimination.47.What can we infer from the first three paragraphs?[A] In both East and West, names are essential to success.[B] The alphabet is to blame for the failure of Zo?Zysman.[C] Customers often pay a lot of attention to companies ’ names.[D] Some form of discrimination is too subtle to recognize.48.The 4th paragraph suggests that ________.[A] questions are often put to the more intelligent students[B] alphabetically disadvantaged students often escape from class[C] teachers should pay attention to all of their students[D] students should be seated according to their eyesight49.What does the author mean by “most people are literally having a ZZZ -3, Paragr”a p h(L5i n)?e s2[A] They are getting impatient.[B] They are noisily dozing off.[C] They are feeling humiliated.[D] They are busy with word puzzles.50.Which of the following is true according to the text?[A] People with surnames beginning with N to Z are often ill-treated.[B] VIPs in the Western world gain a great deal from alphabetism.[C] The campaign to eliminate alphabetism still has a long way to go.[D] Putting things alphabetically may lead to unintentional bias.Text 3When it comes to the slowing economy, Ellen Spero isn ’t biting her nails just y -e y t e.a B r u-o t l t d h e 47 manicurist isn cu’t tit n g, filling or polishing as many nails as she ’d like to, either. Most of her clie $12 to $50 weekly, but last month two longtime customers suddenly stopped showing up. Spero blames the softening economy. “I ’a mgood economic indicator, sh”e says. “Iprovide a service that people can dowithout when they ’rceoncerned about saving some dollars. S”o Spero is downscaling, shopping atmiddle- brow Dillard ’s department store near her suburban Cleveland home, instead of Neiman Marcus. don’t know if other clients are going to abandon me, too. ” she says.Even before Alan Greenspan ’s admission that America-hot ec’o n s o r m e d y is cooling, lots of workingfolks had already seen signs of the slowdown themselves. From car dealerships to Gap outlets, sales have been lagging for months as shoppers temper their spending. For retailers, who last year took in 24 percent of their revenue between Thanksgiving and Christmas, the cautious approach is coming at a crucial time. Alread experts say, holiday sales are o f f7 percent from last year ’s pace. But don ’t sound any alayet. Consumers seem only mildly concerned, not panicked, and many say they remain optimistic about the economy’s lon-gterm prospects, even as they do some modest belt-tightening.Consumerssay they ’re not in despair because, despite the dreadful headlines, their own fortunes stillfeel pretty good. Home prices are holding steady in most regions. In Manhattan, “there ’happening in the $4 million to $10 million range, predomi nantly fed by Wall Street bonuses, ” says bro Barbara Corcoran. In San Francisco, prices are still rising even as frenzied overbidding quiets.20 to 30 offers, now maybe you only get two or three, ” says John Teald-ie, s a t a B t a e y b A r o r k e e a r.r e A a n l dmost folks still feel pretty comfortable about their ability to find and keep a job.Many folks see silver linings to this slowdown. Potential home buyers would cheer for lower interest rates. Employers wouldn ’t mind a little fewer bubblesjoinb t m h e a r k e t.Many consumers seem to have beeninfluenced by stock-market swings, which investors now view as a necessary ingredient to a sustained boom. Diners might see an upside, too. Getting a table at Manhattan ’s hot new Alain Ducassbeerestaur impossible. Not anymore. For that, Greenspan & Co. may still be worth toasting.51.By “Ellen Spero isn ’t biting her nails just yet -2, Parag”r a p(h L i1n)e,s t h1e author means ________.[A] Spero can hardly maintain her business[B] Spero is too much engaged in her work[C] Spero has grown out of her bad habit[D] Spero is not in a desperate situation52.How do the public feel about the current economic situation?[A] Optimistic.[B] Confused.[C] Carefree.[D] Panicked.53.When mentioning “the $4 million to $10 million range -4, P”a r(a L g i n r a e p s h33) the author is talkingabout ________.[A] gold market[B] real estate[C] stock exchange [D]venture investment54.Why can many people see “silver linings ” to the economic slowdown?[A] They would benefit in certain ways.[B] The stock market shows signs of recovery.[C] Such a slowdown usually precedes a boom.[D] The purchasing power would be enhanced.55.To which of the following is the author likely to agree?[A] A new boom, on the horizon.[B] Tighten the belt, the single remedy.[C] Caution all right, panic not.[D] The more ventures, the more chances.Text 4Americans today don ’t place a very high value on intellect. Our heroes are athletes, entertainers, and entrepreneurs, not scholars. Even our schools are where we send our children to get a practical education -- not to pursue knowledge for the sake of knowledge. Symptoms of pervasive anti-intellectualism in our schools aren ’t difficult to find.“Schoolshave always been in a society where practical is more important than intellectual, say”s education writer Diane Ravitch. “Schools could be a counterbalance. ” R a v L i e t c f h t Ba’c k s:lAatest boo Century of Failed School Reforms, traces the roots of anti-intellectualism in our schools, concluding they are anything but a counterbalance to the American distaste for intellectual pursuits.But they could and should be. Encouraging kids to reject the life of the mind leaves them vulnerable to exploitation and control. Without the ability to think critically, to defend their ideas and understand the ideasof others, they cannot fully participate in our democracy. Continuing along this path, says writer Earl Shorris, “We will become a secon-rdate country. We will have a less civil society. ”“Intellect is resented as a form of power or privilege, ” writes historian and professor Ric in Anti-Intellectualism in American Life , a Pulitzer-Prize winning book on the roots of anti-intellectualism inUS politics, religion, and education. From the beginning of our history, says Hofstadter, our democratic and populist urges have driven us to reject anything that smells of elitism. Practicality, common sense, and native intelligence have been considered more noble qualities than anything you could learn from a book.Ralph Waldo Emerson and other Transcendentalist philosophers thought schooling and rigorous book learning put unnatural restraints on children: “We are shut up in schools and college recitation roor 15 years and come out at last with a bellyful of words and do not know a thing. ”M ark Twain’s Huckleberry Finn exemplified American anti-intellectualism. Its hero avoids being civilized -- going to school and learning to read -- so he can preserve his innate goodness.Intellect, according to Hofstadter, is different from native intelligence, a quality we reluctantly admire. Intellect is the critical, creative, and contemplative side of the mind. Intelligence seeks to grasp, manipulate,re-order, and adjust, while intellect examines, ponders, wonders, theorizes, criticizes and imagines.School remains a place where intellect is mistrusted. Hofstadter says our country ’s e is in the grips of people who “joyfully and militantly proclaim their hostility to intellect r a e n a d g t e h r e n i e s sto identify with children who show the least intellectual promise. ”56.What do American parents expect their children to acquire in school?[A] The habit of thinking independently.[B] Profound knowledge of the world.[C] Practical abilities for future career.[D] The confidence in intellectual pursuits.57.We can learn from the text that Americans have a history of ________.[A] undervaluing intellect[B] favoring intellectualism[C] supporting school reform[D] suppressing native intelligence58.The views of Ravitch and Emerson on schooling are ________.[A] identical[B] similar[C] complementary[D] opposite59.Emerson, according to the text, is probably ________.[A] a pioneer of education reform[B] an opponent of intellectualism[C] a scholar in favor of intellect[D] an advocate of regular schooling60.What does the author think of intellect?[A] It is second to intelligence.[B] It evolves from common sense.[C] It is to be pursued.[D] It underlies power.Part BDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2 . (10 points)The relation of language and mind has interested philosophers for many centuries. 61) The Greeks assumed that the structure of language had some connection with the process of thought, which took root in Europe long before people realized how diverse languages could be.Only recently did linguists begin the serious study of languages that were very different from their own. Two anthropologist-linguists, Franz Boas and Edward Sapir, were pioneers in describing many native languages of North and South America during the first half of the twentieth century. 62) We are obliged tothem becausesome of these languages have since vanished, as the peoples who spoke them died out or became assimilated and lost their native languages. Other linguists in the earlier part of this century, however, who were less eager to deal with bizarre data from“exotic ” language, were not always so grateful.T6h3e)newly described languages were often so strikingly different from the well studied languages of Europe and Southeast Asia that some scholars even accused Boas and Sapir of fabricating their data. Native Americanlanguages are indeed different, so much so in fact that Navajo could be used by the US military as a code during World War II to send secret messages.Sapir ’psupil, Benjamin Lee Whorf, continued the study of American Indian languages. 64) Being interested in the relationship of language and thought, Whorf developed the idea that the structure of language determines the structure of habitual thought in a society. He reasoned that because it is easier to formulate certain concepts and not others in a given language, the speakers of that language think along one track and not along another. 65) Whorf came to believe in a sort of linguistic determinism which, in its strongest form, states that language imprisons the mind, and that the grammatical patterns in a language can produce far-reaching consequences for the culture of a society. Later, this idea became to be known as the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, but this term is somewhat inappropriate. Although both Sapir and Whorf emphasized the diversity of languages, Sapir himself never explicitly supported the notion of linguistic determinism.2004年考研英语真题答案Section II: Use of English (10 points)61.[C] 22. [D] 23. [A] 24. [D] 25. [A]26. [B] 27. [C] 28. [D] 29. [A] 30. [B]31. [A] 32. [C] 33. [D] 34. [B] 35. [A]36. [B] 37. [B] 38. [D] 39. [A] 40. [C]Section III: Reading Comprehension (50 points)Part A (40 points)41. [C] 42. [A] 43. [D] 44. [B] 45. [C]46. [A] 47. [D] 48. [C] 49. [B] 50. [D]51. [D] 52. [A] 53. [B] 54. [A] 55. [C]56. [C] 57. [A] 58. [D] 59. [B] 60. [C]Part B (10 points)61. 希腊人认为, 语言结构与思维过程之间存在着某种联系。
研究生学位英语汉翻英真题
学位英语汉翻英真题
• 2008年6月 • 中国一直有重视教育的传统，尤其是儿童的教育。许多家长让孩子参
加各种培训班，以增加被理想中学录取的可能性。但专家们指出，保 持儿童对科学的好奇和兴趣有助于其智力发展。一个没有创造力和想 象力的儿童很难有所作为。 • 参考译文： • Traditionally, the Chinese people have attached importance to education, especially the education of children. Many parents have their children attend various training courses to increase their chance of being admitted by the ideal / expected high schools. Experts, however, point out that keeping children curious about and interested in science will facilitate their intellectual development. A child without any creativity and imagination can hardly go very far.
学位英语汉翻英真题
• 2005年6月 • 人人都有追求幸福的权利，但对幸福的定义却因人而异。绝大多数人
认为幸福来自于健康的身体、愿望的实现和事业有成。正如经常发生 的那样，许多人在遇到痛苦时才意识到幸福的真正含义。 • 参考译文： • Everyone has the right to pursue happiness (to the pursuit of happiness), yet (/but) definitions of happiness vary from person to person (are quite individualistic). Most people agree that happiness stems from good health, fulfillment of a desire and a successful career. As often happiness (is often the case), many people don’t recognize (realize) what happiness really means (the real meaning of happiness) until they are distressed (agonized / in agony).
2004年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语一试题及解析
2004年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section I Listening ComprehensionDirections:This section is designed to test your ability to understand spoken English. You will hear a selection of recorded materials and you must answer the questions that accompany them. There are three parts in this section, Part A, Part B and Part C.Remember, while you are doing the test, you should first put down your answers in your test booklet. At the end of the listening comprehension section, you will have 5 minutes to transfer all your answers from your test booklet to ANSWER SHEET 1.Now look at Part A in your test booklet.Part ADirections:For questions 1-5, you will hear a talk about the geography of Belgium. While you listen, fill out the table with the information you have heard. Some of the information has been given to you in the table. Write only 1 word or number in each numbered box. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the table below. (5 points)Geography of BelgiumPart BDirections:For Questions 6-10, you will hear an interview with Mr. Saffo from the Institute for the Future. While you listen, complete the sentences or answer the questions. Use not more than 3 words for each answer. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the sentences and questions below. (5 points) What is Saffo according to himself?The Institute for the Future provides services to private companies and ________.The Institute believes that to think systematically about the long-range future is________.To succeed in anything, one should be flexible, curious and________.What does Saffo consider to be essential to the work of a team?Part CDirections:You will hear three pieces of recorded material. Before listening to each one, you will have time to read the questions related to it. While listening, answer each question by choosing [A], [B], [C] or [D]. After listening, you will have time to check your answers. You will hear each piece once only. (10 points)Questions 11-13 are based on the following talk about naming newborns. You now have 15 seconds to read Questions 11-13.11. What do we often do with the things we love?[A] Ask for their names.[B] Name babies after them.[C] Put down their names.[D] Choose names for them.12. The unpleasant meaning of an old family name is often overlooked if________.[A] the family tree is fairly limited[B] the family tie is strong enough[C] the name is commonly used[D] nobody in the family complains13. Seve ral months after a baby’s birth, its name will ________.[A] show the beauty of its own[B] develop more associations[C] lose the original meaning[D] help form the baby’s personalityQuestions 14-16 are based on the biography of Bobby Moore, an English soccer player. You now have 15 seconds to read Questions 14-16.14. How many matches did Moore play during his professional career?[A] 90[B] 108[C] 180[D] 66815. In 1964, Bobby Moore was made ________.[A] England’s footballer of the year[B] a soccer coach in West Germany[C] a medalist for his sportsmanship[D] a number of the Order of the British Empire16. After Moore retired from playing, the first thing he did was ________.[A] editing Sunday Sport[B] working for Capital Radio[C] managing professional soccer teams[D] developing a sports marketing companyQuestions 17-20 are based on the following talk on the city of Belfast. You now have 20 seconds to read Questions 17-20.17. Belfast has long been famous for its ________.[A] oil refinery[B] linen textiles[C] food products[D] deepwater port18. Which of the following does Belfast chiefly export?[A] Soap[B] Grain[C] Steel[D] Tobacco19. When was Belfast founded?[A] In 1177[B] In 1315[C] In the 16th century[D] In the 17th century20. What happened in Belfast in the late 18th century?[A] French refugees arrived.[B] The harbor was destroyed.[C] Shipbuilding began to flourish.[D] The city was taken by the English.You now have 5 minutes to transfer all your answers from your test booklet to ANSWER SHEET 1.Section II Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency (crimes committed by young people) focus either on the individual or on society as the major contributing influence. Theories 21on the individual suggest that children engagein criminal behavior 22they were not sufficiently penalized for previousmisdeeds or that they have learned criminal behavior through 23with others.Theories focusing on the role of society suggest that children commit crimes in 24to their failure to rise above their socioeconomic status, 25as a rejection of middle-class values.Most theories of juvenile delinquency have focused on children fromdisadvantaged families, 26the fact that children from wealthy homes also commit crimes. The latter may commit crimes 27lack of adequate parental control. All theories, however, are tentative and are 28to criticism.Changes in the social structure may indirectly 29juvenile crime rates. For example, changes in the economy that 30to fewer job opportunities for youth and rising unemployment 31make gainful employment increasingly difficult to obtain. The resulting discontent may in 32lead more youths into criminal behavior.Families have also 33changes these years. More families consist of one-parent households or two working parents; 34, children are likely to have less supervision at home 35was common in the traditional family 36. This lack of parental supervision is thought to be an influence on juvenile crime rates. Other 37 causes of offensive acts include frustration or failure in school, the increased 38 of drugs and alcohol, and the growing 39of child abuse and child neglect. All these conditions tend to increase the probability of a child committing a criminal act, 40 a direct causal relationship has not yet been established.21. [A] acting [B] relying [C] centering [D] commenting22. [A] before [B] unless [C] until [D] because23. [A] interaction [B] assimilation [C] cooperation [D] consultation24. [A] return [B] reply [C] reference [D] response25. [A] or [B] but rather [C] but [D] or else26. [A] considering [B] ignoring [C] highlighting [D] discarding27. [A] on [B] in [C] for [D] with28. [A] immune [B] resistant [C] sensitive [D] subject29. [A] affect [B] reduce [C] check [D] reflect30. [A] point [B] lead [C] come [D] amount31. [A] in general [B] on average [C] by contrast [D] at length32. [A] case [B] short [C] turn [D] essence33. [A] survived [B] noticed [C] undertaken [D] experienced34. [A] contrarily [B] consequently [C] similarly [D] simultaneously35. [A] than [B] that [C] which [D] as36. [A] system [B] structure [C] concept [D] heritage37. [A] assessable [B] identifiable [C] negligible [D] incredible38. [A] expense [B] restriction [C] allocation [D] availability39. [A] incidence [B] awareness [C] exposure [D] popularity40. [A] provide [B] since [C] although [D] supposingSection III Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C] or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1Hunting for a job late last year, lawyer Gant Redmon stumbled across CareerBuilder, a job database on the Internet. He searched it with no success but was attracted by the site’s “personal search agent.” It’s an interact ive feature that lets visitors key in job criteria such as location, title, and salary, then E-mails them when a matching position is posted in the database. Redmon chose the keywords legal, intellectual property, and Washington, D.C. Three weeks later, he got his first notification of an opening. “I struck gold,” says Redmon, who E-mailed his resume to the employer and won a position as in-house counsel for a company.With thousands of career-related sites on the Internet, finding promisingopenings can be time-consuming and inefficient. Search agents reduce the need for repeated visits to the databases. But although a search agent worked for Redmon, career experts see drawbacks. Narrowing your criteria, for example, may work against you: “Every time you an swer a question you eliminate a possibility.” says one expert.For any job search, you should start with a narrow concept—what you think you want to do -- then broaden it. “None of these programs do that,” says another expert. “There’s no career counseling implicit in all of this.” Instead, the best strategy is to use the agent as a kind of tip service to keep abreast of jobs in a particular database; when you get E-mail, consider it a reminder to check the database again. “I would not rely on agents for fi nding everything that is added to a database that might interest me,” says the author of a job-searching guide.Some sites design their agents to tempt job hunters to return. When CareerSite’s agent sends out messages to those who have signed up for its service, for example, it includes only three potential jobs -- those it considers the best matches. There may be more matches in the database; job hunters will have to visit the site again to find them -- and they do. “On the day after we send our messages, we see a sharp increase in our traffic,” says Seth Peets, vice president of marketing for CareerSite.Even those who aren’t hunting for jobs may find search agents worthwhile. Some use them to keep a close watch on the demand for their line of work or gather information on compensation to arm themselves when negotiating for a raise. Although happily employed, Redmon maintains his agent at CareerBuilder. “You always keep your eyes open,” he says. Working with a personal search agent means having another set of eyes looking out for you.41. How did Redmon find his job?[A] By searching openings in a job database.[B] By posting a matching position in a database.[C] By using a special service of a database.[D] By E-mailing his resume to a database.42. Which of the following can be a disadvantage of search agents?[A] Lack of counseling.[B] Limited number of visits.[C] Lower efficiency.[D] Fewer successful matches.43. The expression “tip service” (Line 4, Paragraph 3) most probably means________.[A] advisory[B] compensation[C] interaction[D] reminder44. Why does CareerSite’s agent offer each job hunter only three job options?[A] To focus on better job matches.[B] To attract more returning visits.[C] To reserve space for more messages.[D] To increase the rate of success.45. Which of the following is true according to the text?[A] Personal search agents are indispensable to job-hunters.[B] Some sites keep E-mailing job seekers to trace their demands.[C] Personal search agents are also helpful to those already employed.[D] Some agents stop sending information to people once they are employed.Text 2Over the past century, all kinds of unfairness and discrimination have been condemned or made illegal. But one insidious form continues to thrive: alphabetism. This, for those as yet unaware of such a disadvantage, refers to discrimination against those whose surnames begin with a letter in the lower half of the alphabet.It has long been known that a taxi firm called AAAA cars has a big advantage over Zodiac cars when customers thumb through their phone directories. Less well known is the advantage that Adam Abbott has in life over ZoëZysman. English names are fairly evenly spread between the halves of the alphabet. Yet a suspiciously large number of top people have surnames beginning with letters between A and K.Thus the American president and vice-president have surnames starting with B and C respectively; and 26 of George Bush’s predecessors (including his father) had surnames in the first half of the alphabet against just 16 in the second half. Even more striking, six of the seven heads of government of the G7 rich countries are alphabetically advantaged (Berlusconi, Blair, Bush, Chirac, Chrétien and Koizumi). The world’s three top central bankers (Greenspan, Duisenberg and Hayami) are all close to the top of the alphabet, even if one of them really uses Japanese characters. As are the world’s five richest men (Gates, Buffett, Allen, Ellison and Albrecht).Can this merely be coincidence? One theory, dreamt up in all the spare time enjoyed by the alphabetically disadvantaged, is that the rot sets in early. At the start of the first year in infant school, teachers seat pupils alphabetically from the front, to make it easier to remember their names. So short-sighted Zysman junior gets stuck in the back row, and is rarely asked the improving questions posed by those insensitive teachers. At the time the alphabetically disadvantaged may think they have had a lucky escape. Yet the result may be worse qualifications, because they get less individual attention, as well as less confidence in speaking publicly.The humiliation continues. At university graduation ceremonies, the ABCs proudly get their awards first; by the time they reach the Zysmans most people are literally having a ZZZ. Shortlists for job interviews, election ballot papers, lists of conference speakers and attendees: all tend to be drawn up alphabetically, and their recipients lose interest as they plough through them.46. What does the author intend to illustrate with AAA A cars and Zodiac cars?[A] A kind of overlooked inequality.[B] A type of conspicuous bias.[C] A type of personal prejudice.[D] A kind of brand discrimination.47. What can we infer from the first three paragraphs?[A] In both East and West, names are essential to success.[B] The alphabet is to blame for the failure of Zoë Zysman.[C] Customers often pay a lot of attention to companies’ names.[D] Some form of discrimination is too subtle to recognize.48. The 4th paragraph suggests that ________.[A] questions are often put to the more intelligent students[B] alphabetically disadvantaged students often escape from class[C] teachers should pay attention to all of their students[D] students should be seated according to their eyesight49. What does the author mean by “most people are literally having a ZZZ” (Lines2-3, Paragraph 5)?[A] They are getting impatient.[B] They are noisily dozing off.[C] They are feeling humiliated.[D] They are busy with word puzzles.50. Which of the following is true according to the text?[A] People with surnames beginning with N to Z are often ill-treated.[B] VIPs in the Western world gain a great deal from alphabetism.[C] The campaign to eliminate alphabetism still has a long way to go.[D] Putting things alphabetically may lead to unintentional bias.Text 3When it comes to the slowing economy, Ellen Spero isn’t biting her nails justyet. But the 47-year-old manicurist isn’t cutting, fi lling or polishing as many nails as she’d like to, eit her. Most of her clients spend $12 to $50 weekly, but last month two longtime customers suddenly stopped showing up. Spero blames the softening economy. “I’m a good economic indicator,” she says. “I provide a service that people can do without when they’re concerned about saving some dollars.” So Spero is downscaling, shopping at middle-brow Dillard’s department store near her suburban Cleveland home, instead of Neiman Marcus. “I don’t know if other clients are going to abandon me, too.” she says.Even befo re Alan Greenspan’s admission that America’s red-hot economy is cooling, lots of working folks had already seen signs of the slowdown themselves. From car dealerships to Gap outlets, sales have been lagging for months as shoppers temper their spending. For retailers, who last year took in 24 percent of their revenue between Thanksgiving and Christmas, the cautious approach is coming at a crucial time. Already, experts say, holiday sales are off 7 percent from last year’s pace. But don’t sound any alarms jus t yet. Consumers seem only mildly concerned, not panicked, and many say they remain optimistic about the economy’s long-term prospects, even as they do some modest belt-tightening.Consumers say they’re not in despair because, despite the dreadful headline s, their own fortunes still feel pretty good. Home prices are holding steady in most regions. In Manhattan, “there’s a new gold rush happening in the $4 million to $10 million range, predominantly fed by Wall Street bonuses,” says broker Barbara Corcoran. In San Francisco, prices are still rising even as frenzied overbidding quiets. “Instead of 20 to 30 offers, now maybe you only get two or three,” says John Tealdi, a Bay Area real-estate broker. And most folks still feel pretty comfortable about their ability to find and keep a job.Many folks see silver linings to this slowdown. Potential home buyers would cheer for lower interest rates. Employers wouldn’t mind a little fewer bubbles in the job market. Many consumers seem to have been influenced by stock-market swings, which investors now view as a necessary ingredient to a sustained boom. Diners might see an upside, too. Getting a table at Manhattan’s hot new Alain Ducasse restaurant used to be impossible. Not anymore. For that, Greenspan & Co. may still be worth toasting.51. By “Ellen Spero isn’t biting her nails just yet” (Line s 1-2, Paragraph 1), theauthor means ________.[A] Spero can hardly maintain her business[B] Spero is too much engaged in her work[C] Spero has grown out of her bad habit[D] Spero is not in a desperate situation52. How do the public feel about the current economic situation?[A] Optimistic.[B] Confused.[C] Carefree.[D] Panicked.53. When mentioning “the $4 million to $10 million range” (Lines 3-4, Paragraph 3)the author is talking about ________.[A] gold market[B] real estate[C] stock exchange[D] venture investment54. Why can many people see “silver linings” to the economic s lowdown?[A] They would benefit in certain ways.[B] The stock market shows signs of recovery.[C] Such a slowdown usually precedes a boom.[D] The purchasing power would be enhanced.55. To which of the following is the author likely to agree?[A] A new boom, on the horizon.[B] Tighten the belt, the single remedy.[C] Caution all right, panic not.[D] The more ventures, the more chances.Text 4Americans today don’t place a very high value on intellect. Our heroes are athletes, entertainers, and entrepreneurs, not scholars. Even our schools are where we send our children to get a practical education -- not to pursue knowledge for the sake of knowledge. Symptoms of pervasive anti-intellectualism in our schools aren’t difficult to find.“Schools have always been in a society where practical is more important than intellectual,” says education writer Diane Ravitch. “Schools could be a counterbalance.” Ra v itch’s latest bo ok, Left Back: A Century of Failed School Reforms, traces the roots of anti-intellectualism in our schools, concluding they are anything but a counterbalance to the American distaste for intellectual pursuits.But they could and should be. Encouraging kids to reject the life of the mind leaves them vulnerable to exploitation and control. Without the ability to think critically, to defend their ideas and understand the ideas of others, they cannot fully participate in our democracy. Continuing along this path, says writer Earl Shorris, “We will become a second-rate country. We will have a less civil society.”“Intellect is resented as a form of power or privilege,” writes historian andprofessor Richard Hofstadter in Anti-Intellectualism in American Life, a Pulitzer-Prize winning book on the roots of anti-intellectualism in US politics, religion, and education. From the beginning of our history, says Hofstadter, our democratic and populist urges have driven us to reject anything that smells of elitism. Practicality, common sense, and native intelligence have been considered more noble qualities than anything you could learn from a book.Ralph Waldo Emerson and other Transcendentalist philosophers thought schooling and rigorous book learning put unnatural restraints on children: “We are shut up in schools and college recitation rooms for 10 or 15 years and come out at last with a bellyful of words and do not know a thing.” Mark Twain’s Huckleberry Finn exemplified American anti-intellectualism. Its hero avoids being civilized -- going to school and learning to read -- so he can preserve his innate goodness.Intellect, according to Hofstadter, is different from native intelligence, a quality we reluctantly admire. Intellect is the critical, creative, and contemplative side of the mind. Intelligence seeks to grasp, manipulate, re-order, and adjust, while intellect examines, ponders, wonders, theorizes, criticizes and imagines.School remains a place where intellect is mistrusted. Hofstadter says our country’s educational system is in the grips of people who “joyfully and militantly proclaim their hostility to intellect and their eagerness to identify with children who show the least intellectual pro mise.”56. What do American parents expect their children to acquire in school?[A] The habit of thinking independently.[B] Profound knowledge of the world.[C] Practical abilities for future career.[D] The confidence in intellectual pursuits.57. We can learn from the text that Americans have a history of ________.[A] undervaluing intellect[B] favoring intellectualism[C] supporting school reform[D] suppressing native intelligence58. The views of Ravitch and Emerson on schooling are ________.[A] identical[B] similar[C] complementary[D] opposite59. Emerson, according to the text, is probably ________.[A] a pioneer of education reform[B] an opponent of intellectualism[C] a scholar in favor of intellect[D] an advocate of regular schooling60. What does the author think of intellect?[A] It is second to intelligence.[B] It evolves from common sense.[C] It is to be pursued.[D] It underlies power.Part BDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)The relation of language and mind has interested philosophers for many centuries. 61) The Greeks assumed that the structure of language had some connection with the process of thought, which took root in Europe long before people realized how diverse languages could be.Only recently did linguists begin the serious study of languages that were very different from their own. Two anthropologist-linguists, Franz Boas and Edward Sapir, were pioneers in describing many native languages of North and South America during the first half of the twentieth century. 62) We are obliged to them because some of these languages have since vanished, as the peoples who spoke them died out or became assimilated and lost their native languages. Other linguists in the earlier part of this century, however, who were less eager to deal with bizarre data from “exotic” language, were not always so grateful. 63) The newly described languages were often so strikingly different from the well studied languages of Europe and Southeast Asia that some scholars even accused Boas and Sapir of fabricating their data. Native American languages are indeed different, so much so in fact that Navajo could be used by the US military as a code during World War II to send secret messages.Sapir’s pupil, Benjamin Lee Whorf, continued the study of American Indian languages. 64) Being interested in the relationship of language and thought, Whorf developed the idea that the structure of language determines the structure of habitual thought in a society. He reasoned that because it is easier to formulate certain concepts and not others in a given language, the speakers of that language think along one track and not along another. 65) Whorf came to believe in a sort of linguistic determinism which, in its strongest form, states that language imprisons the mind, and that the grammatical patterns in a language can produce far-reachingconsequences for the culture of a society. Later, this idea became to be known as the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, but this term is somewhat inappropriate. Although both Sapir and Whorf emphasized the diversity of languages, Sapir himself never explicitly supported the notion of linguistic determinism.61. ________62. ________63. ________64. ________65. ________Section IV Writing66. Directions:Study the following drawing carefully and write an essay in which you should1) describe the drawing,2) interpret its meaning, and3) support your view with examples.You should write about 200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)2004年考研英语真题答案Section I: Listening Comprehension (20 points)Part A (5 points)Part B (5 points)6. A (technology) forecaster;7. government agencies;8. (A) meaningful (exercise);9. open to change;10. Trust and cooperation.Part C (10 points)Section II: Use of English (10 points)Section III: Reading Comprehension (50 points)Part A (40 points)Part B (10 points)61. 希腊人认为, 语言结构与思维过程之间存在着某种联系。
04年考研英语真题解析
2004年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试题答案及解析Section I Use of English1. [答案] [C][分析] 本题涉及动词短语知识。
C. centering on 意为“以…为中心/重点”，符合句意，且与上文呼应，为正确答案。
A. acting on意为“按照…行事”；B. relying on 意为“依靠”；D. commenting on 意为“对…进行评论”。
2. [答案] [D][分析] 本题涉及上下句的句义理解。
答案为D. because，引导由or 连接着的两个原因状语从句。
3. [答案] [A][ 分析] 本题考查考生的词汇知识。
A . i n t e r a c t i o n ( 互动) 符合句义，应为正确答案。
B . assimilation(同化，吸收)；C. cooperation(合作)；D. consultation(咨询)。
4. [答案] [D][分析] 本题涉及词语搭配知识。
跟空格前后介词in/to可以搭配，且符合句意的选项为D。
该短语意为“答复，反应，回应”。
5. [答案] [A][分析] 本题考查考生对上下句句义的理解。
空格后as 引导的为原因状语，与in response to引导的原因状语并列，都是“孩子们犯罪”的原因，故答案为A。
6. [答案] [B][分析] 本题涉及词汇知识。
B. ignoring意为“忽视，不顾”带入后，上下句语义连贯，为正确答案。
C. highlighting意为“强调，突出”；D. discarding意为“抛弃”。
7. [答案] [C][分析] 本题涉及介词短语知识。
C. for lack of意为“由于缺少…”，符合句意，为正确答案。
8. [答案] [D][分析] 本题涉及形容词短语知识。
D. be subject to意为“受…支配；遭受…影响”，符合句意，为正确答案。
A. be immune to 意为“不易受…影响”。
2004年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试题及参考答案
2004年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试题及参考答案Section I Listening Comprehension Part A(每题1分，共20分)Directions:This section is designed to test your ability to understand spoken English. You will hear a selection of recorded materials and you must answer the questions that accompany them. There are three parts in this section, Part A, Part B, and Part C. Remember, you should first put down your answers in your test booklet. At the end of the listening comprehension section, you will have five minutes to transfer all your answers from your test booklet to ANSWER SHEET I.Now look at Part A in your test booklet.Part ADirections: For Quesstions1—5,you will hear a talk about Boston Museum of Fine Art. While you listen, fill out the table with the information you have heard. Some of the information has been given to you in the table. Write only 1 word or number in each numbered box. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the table below.(5 points)1、Geography of BelgiumThree main regions coastal plaincentral plateau Highest 12、altitude of the coastal plain 2 m3、Climate near the sea 3 humid4、Particularly rainy months of the years 4 April5、Average temperatures in July in Brussels low 13℃ high 5 ℃Section I Part B(每题1分，共5分)Directions: For Questions 6-10,you will hear an interview with Mr. Saffo from the Institute for the Future. While you listen, complete the sentences or answer the questions. Use not more than 3 words for each answer. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the sentences and questions below. ( 5 points )6、What is Saffo according to himself?7、The Institute for the Future provides services to private companies and8、The Institute believes that to think systematically about the long-range future is9、To succeed in anything, one should be flexible, curious and10、What does Saffo consider to be essential to the work of a team?Section I Part C（共三节，满分10分）Directions: You will hear three pieces of recorded material. Before listening to each one, you will have time to read the questions related to it. While listening, answer each question by choosing A,B,C or D . After listening, you will have time to check your answers. You will hear each piece once only. ( 10 points )Questions 11-13 are based on the following talk about naming newborns. You now have 15 seconds to read questions 11-13.11、What do we often do with the things we love?A.Ask for their names. babies after them.C.Put down their names.D.Choose names for them.12、 The unpleasant meaning of an old family name is often overlooked ifA. the family tree is fairly limited.B. the family tie is strong enough.C.the name is commonly used.D.nobody in the family complains.13、 Several months after a baby’s birth, its name willA.show the beauty of its own.B.develop more associations.C.lose the original meaning.D.help form the baby’s personality.Questions 14-16 are based on the biography of Bobby Moore, an English soccer player. You now have 15 seconds to read Questions 14-16.14. How many matches did Moore play during his professional career?A. 90.B .108.C.180.D. 668.15、In 1964, Bobby Moore was madeA.England’s footballer of the year.B.a soccer coach in West Germany.C.a medalist for his sportsmanship.D.a number of the Order of the British Empire.16、After Moore retired from playing, the first thing he did wasA.editing Sunday Sport.B.working for Capital Radio.C.managing professional soccer teams.D.developing a sports marketing company.Questions 17-20 are based on the on the city of Belfast. You now have 20 seconds to read Questions 17-20.17. Belfast has long been famous for itsA. oil refinery.B. linen textiles.C.food products.D. deepwater port.18、Which of the following does Belfast chiefly export?A. Soap.B. Grain.C.Steel.D.Tobacco.19、When was Belfast founded?A. In 1177.B. In 1315.C.In the 16th century.D. In the 17th century.20、 What happened in Belfast in the late 18th century?A. French refugees arrived.B. The harbor was destroyed.C.Shipbuilding began to flourish.D.The city was taken by the English.Section II Use of English（满分10分）Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency (crimes committed by young people) focus either on the individual or on society as the major contributing influence. Theories (21)[] on the individual suggest that children engage in criminal behavior (22)[] they were not sufficiently penalized for previous misdeeds or that they have learned criminal behavior through (23)[] with others. Theories focusing on the role of society that children commit crimes in (24)[] to their failure to rise above their socioeconomic status (25)[] as a rejection of middle-class values.Most theories of juvenile delinquency have focused on children from disadvantaged families, (26)[] the fact that children from wealthy homes also commit crimes. The latter may commit crimes (27)[] lack of adequate parental control. All theories, however, are tentative and are (28)[] to criticism.Changes in the social structure may indirectly (29)[] juvenile crime rates. For example, changes in the economy that (30)[] to fewer job opportunities for youth and rising unemployment (31)[] make gainful employment increasingly difficult to obtain. The resulting discontent may in (32)[] lead more youths into criminal behavior.Families have also(33)[] changes these years. More families consist of one parent households or two working parents; (34)[], children are likely to have less supervision at home (35)[] was common in the traditional family (36)[]. This lack of parental supervision is thought to be an influence on juvenile crime rates. Other (37)[] causes of offensive acts include frustration or failure in school, the increased (38)[] of drugs and alcohol, and the growing (39)[] of child abuse and child neglect. All these conditions tend to increase the probability of a child committing a criminal act, (40)[] a direct causal relationship has not yet been established.21、A. actingB. relyingC.centeringD. commenting22、A. beforeB. unlessC.untilD. because23、A. interactionsB. assimilationC.cooperationD. consultation24、A. returnB. replyC.referenceD. response25、A. orB. but ratherC.butD. or else26、A. consideringB. ignoringC.highlightingD. discarding27、A. onB. inC.forD. with28、A. immuneB. resistantC.sensitiveD. subject29、A. affectB. reduceC.chockD. reflect30、A. pointB. leadeD. amount31、A. in generalB. on averageC.by contrastD. at length32、A. caseB. shortC.turnD. essence33、A. survivedB. noticedC.undertakenD. experienced34、A. contrarilyB. consequentlyC.similarlyD. simultaneously35A.thanB. thatC.whichD. as36、A. systemB. structureC.conceptD. heritage37、A. assessableB. identifiableC.negligibleD. incredible38、A. expenseB. restrictionC.allocationD. availability39、A. incidenceB. awarenessC.exposureD. popularity40、A. providedB. sinceC. althoughD. supposingSection III Reading Comprehension Part A（满分40分）Directions: Read the following four Passages. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40 points)Passage 1Hunting for a job late last year, lawyer Gant Redmon stumbled across CareerBuilder, a job database on the Internet. He searched it with no success but was attracted by the site’s “personal search agent”. It’s an interactive feature that lets visitors key in job criteria such as location, title, and salary, then E-mails them when a matching position is posted in the database. Redmon chose the keywords legal, intellectual property, and Washington, D.C. Three weeks later, he got his first notification of an opening. “I struck gold,”says Redmon, who E-mailed his resume to the employer and won a position as in-house counsel for a company. With thousands of career-related sites on the Internet, finding promising openingscan be time-consuming and inefficient. Search agents reduce the need for repeated visits to the databases. But although a search agent worked for Redmon, career experts see drawbacks. Narrowing your criteria, for example, may work against you:“Every time you answer a question you eliminate a possibility.”says one expert. For any job search, you should start with a narrow concept —— what you think you want to do ——then broaden it. “None of these programs do that,”says another expert. “There’s no career counseling implicit in all of this.” Instead, the best strategy is to use the agent as a kind of tip service to keep abreast of jobs in a particular database; when you get E-mail, consider it a reminder to check the database again.“I would not rely on agents for finding everything that is added to a database that might interest me,”says the author of a job-searching guide. Some sites design their agents to tempt job hunters to return. When CareerSite’s agent sends out messages to those who have signed up for its service, for example, it includes only three potential jobs —— those it considers the best matches. There may be more matches in the database; job hunters will have to visit the site again to find them ——and they do.“"On the day after we send our messages, we see a sharp increase in our traffic,” says Seth Peets, vice president of marketing for CareerSite. Even those who aren't hunting for jobs may find search agents worthwhile. Some use them to keep a close watch on the demand for their line of work or gather information on compensation to arm themselves when negotiating for a raise. Although happily employed, Redmon maintains his agent at CareerBuilder. “You always keep your eyes open,” he says. Working with a personal search agent means having another set of eyes looking out for you.41. How did Redmon find his job?A.By searching openings in a job database.B. By posting a matching position in a database.C.By using a special service of a database.D.By E-mailing his resume to a database.42. Which of the following can be a disadvantage of search agents?ck of counseling.B.Limited number of visits.C.Lower efficiency.D.Fewer successful matches.43、The expression “tip service” (Line 4, Paragraph 3) most probably meansA.advisory.pensation.C.interaction.D.reminder.44、Why does CareerSite’s agent offer each job hunter only three job options?A.To focus on better job matches.B.To attract more returning visits.C.To reserve space for more messages.D.To increase the rate of success.45、Which of the following is true according to the text?A.Personal search agents are indispensable to job-hunters.B. Some sites keep E-mailing job seekers to trace their demands.C.Personal search agents are also helpful to those already employed.D.Some agents stop sending information to people once they are employed.Passage 2Over the past century, all kinds of unfairness and discrimination have been condemned or made illegal. But one insidious form continues to thrive: alphabetism. This, for those as yet unaware of such a disadvantage, refers to discrimination against those whose surnames begin with a letter in the lower half of the alphabet.It has long been known that a taxi firm called AAAA cars has a big advantage over Zodiac cars when customers thumb through their phone directories. Less well known is the advantage that Adam Abbott has in life over Zoe Zysman. English namesare fairly evenly spread between the halves of the alphabet. Yet a suspiciously large number of top people have surnames beginning with letters between A and K. Thus the American president and vice-president have surnames starting with B and C respectively; and 26 of George Bush’s predecessors (including his father) had surnames in the first half of the alphabet against just 16 in the second half. Even more striking, six of the seven heads of government of the G7 rich countries are alphabetically advantaged (Berlusconi, Blair, Bush, Chirac, Chrétien and Koizumi). The world’s three top central bankers (Greenspan, Duisenberg and Hayami) are all close to the top of the alphabet, even if one of them really uses Japanese characters. As are the world's five richest men (Gates, Buffett, Allen, Ellison and Albrecht).Can this merely be coincidence? One theory, dreamt up in all the spare time enjoyed by the alphabetically disadvantaged, is that the rot sets in early. At the start of the first year in infant school, teachers seat pupils alphabetically from the front, to make it easier to remember their names. So short-sighted Zysman junior gets stuck in the back row, and is rarely asked the improving questions posed by those insensitive teachers. At the time the alphabetically disadvantaged may think they have had a lucky escape. Yet the result may be worse qualifications, because they get less individual attention, as well as less confidence in speaking publicly. The humiliation continues. At university graduation ceremonies, the ABCs proudly get their awards first; by the time they reach the Zysmans most people are literally having a ZZZ. Shortlists for job interviews, election ballot papers, lists of conference speakers and attendees: all tend to be drawn up alphabetically, and their recipients lose interest as they plough through them.46. What does the author intend to illustrate with AAA A cars and Zodiac cars?A. A kind of overlooked inequality.B. A type of conspicuous bias.C. A type of personal prejudice.D. A kind of brand discrimination.47、What can we infer from the first three paragraphs?A.In both East and West, names are essential to success.B.The alphabet is to blame for the failure of Zo? Zysman.C.Customers often pay a lot of attention to companies' names.D.Some form of discrimination is too subtle to recognize.48、The 4th paragraph suggests thatA.questions are often put to the more intelligent students.B.alphabetically disadvantaged students often escape form class.C.teachers should pay attention to all of their students.D.students should be seated according to their eyesight.49、What does the author mean by "most people are literally having a ZZZ" (Line 2-3, Paragraph 5)?A.They are getting impatient.B.They are noisily dozing off.C.They are feeling humiliated.D.They are busy with word puzzles.50、Which of the following is true according to the text?A.People with surnames beginning with N to Z are often ill-treated.B.VIPs in the Western world gain a great deal from alphabetism.C.The campaign to eliminate alphabetism still has a long way to go.D.Putting things alphabetically may lead to unintentional bias.Passage 3When it comes to the slowing economy, Ellen Spero isn’t biting her nails just yet. But the 47-year-old manicurist isn’t cutting, filling or polishing as many nails as she’d like to, either. Most of her clients spend $12 to $50 weekly, but last month two longtime customers suddenly stopped showing up. Spero blames the softening economy. “I’m a good economic indicator,” she says. “I provide a service that people can do without when they’re concerned about saving some dollars.” SoSpero is downscaling, shopping at middle-brow Dillard’s department store near her suburban Cleveland home, instead of Neiman Marcus. “I don’t know if other clients are going to abandon me, too” she says.Even before Alan Greenspan’s admission that America’s red-hot economy is cooling, lots of working folks had already seen signs of the slowdown themselves. From car dealerships to Gap outlets, sales have been lagging for months as shoppers temper their spending. For retailers, who last year took in 24 percent of their revenue between Thanksgiving and Christmas, the cautious approach is coming at a crucial time. Already, experts say, holiday sales are off 7 percent from last year’s pace. But don’t sound any alarms just yet. Consumers seem only concerned, not panicked, and many say they remain optimistic about the economy’s long-term prospects, even as they do some modest belt-tightening.Consumers say they’re not in despair because, despite the dreadful headlines, their own fortunes still feel pretty good. Home prices are holding steady in most regions. In Manhattan, “there’s a new gold rush happening in the $4 million to $10 million range, predominantly fed by Wall Street bonuses,” says broker Barbara Corcoran. In San Francisco, prices are still rising even as frenzied overbidding quiets. “Instead of 20 to 30 offers, now maybe you only get two or three,”says john Deadly, a Bay Area real-estate broker. And most folks still feel pretty comfortable about their ability to find and keep a job.Many folks see silver linings to this slowdown. Potential home buyers would cheer for lower interest rates. Employers wouldn’t mind a little fewer bubbles in the job market. Many consumers seem to have been influenced by stock-market swings, which investors now view as a necessary ingredient to a sustained boom. Diners might see an upside, too. Getting a table at Manhattan’s hot new Alain Ducasse restaurant need to be impossible. Not anymore. For that, Greenspan & Co. may still be worth toasting.51. By “Ellen Spero isn’t biting her nails just yet”(Line 1, Paragraph 1), the author means[A] Spero can hardly maintain her business.[B] Spero is too much engaged in her work.[C] Spero has grown out of her bad habit.[D] Spero is not in a desperate situation.52. How do the public feel about the current economic situation?[A] Optimistic.[B] Confused.[C] Carefree.[D] Panicked.53. When mentioning “the $4 million to $10 million range” (Lines 3-4, Paragraph 3) the author is talking about.[A] gold market.[B] real estate.[C] stock exchange.[D] venture investment.54. Why can many people see “silver linings” to the economic showdown?[A] They would benefit in certain ways.[B] The stock market shows signs of recovery.[C] Such a slowdown usually precedes a boom.[D] The purchasing power would be enhanced.55. To which of the following is the author likely to agree?[A] A now boom, on the horizon.[B] Tighten the belt, the single remedy.[C] Caution all right, panic not.[D] The more ventures, the more chances.Passage 4Americans today don’t place a very high value on intellect. Our heroes are athletes, entertainers, and entrepreneurs, not scholars. Even our schools are where we send our children to get a practical education —— not to pursue knowledge for the sake of knowledge. Symptoms of pervasive anti-intellectualism in our schools aren’t difficult to find.“Schools have always been in a society where practical is more important than intellectual,” says education writer Diane Ravitch. “Schools could be a counterbalance.” Razitch’s latest bock, Left Back: A Century of Failed School Reforms, traces the roots of anti-intellectualism in our schools, concluding they are anything but a counterbalance to the American distaste for intellectual pursuits.But they could and should be. Encouraging kids to reject the life of the mind leaves them vulnerable to exploitation and control. Without the ability to think critically, to defend their ideas and understand the ideas of others, they cannot fully participate in our democracy. Continuing along this path, says writer Earl Shorris, “We will become a second-rate country. We will have a less civil society.”“Intellect is resented as a form of power or privilege,” writes historian and professor Richard Hofstadter in Anti-Intellectualism in American life, a Pulitzer Prize winning book on the roots of anti-intellectualism in US politics, religion, and education. From the beginning of our history, says Hofstadter, our democratic and populist urges have driven us to reject anything that smells of elitism. Practicality, common sense, and native intelligence have been considered more noble qualities than anything you could learn from a book.Ralph Waldo Emerson and other Transcendentalist philosophers thought schooling and rigorous book learning put unnatural restraints on children:“We are shut up in schools and college recitation rooms for 10 or 15 years and come out at last with a bellyful of words and do not know a thing.”Mark Twain’s Huckleberry Finn exemplified American anti-intellectualism. Its hero avoids being civilized ——going to school and learning to read —— so he can preserve his innate goodness.Intellect, according to Hofstadter, is different from native intelligence, a quality we reluctantly admire. Intellect is the critical, creative, and contemplative side of the mind. Intelligence seeks to grasp, manipulate, re-order, and adjust, while intellect examines, ponders, wonders, theorizes, criticizes and imagines.School remains a place where intellect is mistrusted. Hofstadter says our country’s educational system is in the grips of people who “joyfully and militantlyproclaim their hostility to intellect and their eagerness to identify with children who show the least intellectual promise.”56. What do American parents expect their children to acquire in school?[A] The habit of thinking independently.[B] Profound knowledge of the world.[C] Practical abilities for future career.[D] The confidence in intellectual pursuits.57. We can learn from the text that Americans have a history of[A] undervaluing intellect.[B] favoring intellectualism.[C] supporting school reform.[D] suppressing native intelligence.59. Emerson, according to the text, is probably[A] a pioneer of education reform.[B] an opponent of intellectualism.[C] a scholar in favor of intellect.[D] an advocate of regular schooling.60. What does the author think of intellect?[A] It is second to intelligence.[B] It evolves from common sense.[C] It is to be pursued.[D] It underlies power.Directions:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2.(10 points)The relation of language and mind has interested philosophers for many centuries.(61) The Greeks assumed that the structure of language had some connection with the process of thought, which took root in Europe long before people realized how diverse languages could be.Only recently did linguists begin the serious study of languages that were very different from their own. Two anthropologist-linguists, Franz Boas Edward Sapir, were pioneers in describing many native languages of North and South America during the first half of the twentieth century.(62) We are obliged to them because some of these languages have since vanished, as the peoples who spoke them died out or became assimilated and lost their native languages. Other linguists in the earlier part of this century, however, who were less eager to deal with bizarre data from “exotic” language, were not always so grateful.(63) The newly described languages were often so strikingly different from the well studied languages of Europe and Southeast Asia that some scholars even accused Boas and Sapir of fabricating their data Native American languages are indeed different, so much so in fact that Navajo could be used by the US military as a code during World War II to send secret messages.Sapir’s pupil, Benjamin Lee Whorf, continued the study of American Indian languages.(64) Being interested in the relationship of language and thought, Whorf developed the idea that the structure of language determines the structure of habitual thought in a society. He reasoned that because the structure of habitual thought in a society. He reasoned that because it is easier to formulate certain concepts and not others in a given language, the speakers of that language think along one track and not along another.(65) Whorf came to believe in a sort of linguistic determinism which, in its strongest form, states that language imprisons the mind, and that the grammatical patterns in a language can produce far-reaching consequences for the culture of asociety. Later, this idea became to be known as the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, but this term is somewhat inappropriate. Although both Sapir and Whorf emphasized the diversity of languages ,Sapir himself never explicitly supported the notion of linguistic determinism.Section Ⅳ Writing66. Directions:Study the following drawing carefully and write an essay in which you should1) describe the drawing.2) interpret its meaning, and.3) support your view with examples.You should write about 200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.(20 points)。
考研英语2004阅读答案解析
考研英语2004阅读答案解析考研英语2004年的阅读部分包含了四篇阅读理解题，每篇阅读后都附有五个问题，共计20个问题。
这些问题不仅考察了考生对文章主旨的理解，还涉及到了细节信息的捕捉、推理判断、词汇理解以及作者观点态度的分析。
通过对这些题目的解析，我们可以更好地理解考研英语阅读的出题思路和解题技巧。
首先，第一篇阅读主要讨论了全球化对经济的影响。
文章指出，尽管全球化带来了许多积极的变化，如贸易和投资的增加，但它也带来了一些挑战，比如对发展中国家的不利影响。
在回答相关问题时，考生需要仔细阅读文章，理解作者的观点，并从文章中找到支持这些观点的证据。
第二篇阅读探讨了教育问题，特别是关于教育公平的讨论。
文章提到，尽管教育机会在增加，但不同社会阶层之间的教育差距仍然存在。
在解答这类问题时，考生需要关注文章中关于教育公平的论述，并能够从文章中提取出关键信息来支持或反驳作者的观点。
第三篇阅读关注的是科技发展对社会的影响。
文章分析了科技如何改变人们的工作方式和生活方式，同时也提出了科技发展可能带来的负面影响。
在回答这些问题时，考生需要理解科技发展的双面性，并能够从文章中找到支持这一观点的论据。
最后一篇阅读讨论了环境保护的重要性。
文章强调了环境保护对于可持续发展的必要性，并提出了一些具体的保护措施。
在解答这类问题时，考生需要关注文章中关于环境保护的论述，并能够从文章中提取出关键信息来支持作者的观点。
总的来说，考研英语阅读部分要求考生具备较强的阅读理解能力，能够准确把握文章的主旨，捕捉细节信息，并能够进行合理的推理判断。
通过对2004年考研英语阅读题目的解析，考生可以更好地掌握解题技巧，提高阅读部分的得分。
2004年全国硕士研究生考试英语真题及答案3
Section II: Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency (crimes committed by young people) focus either on the individual or on society as the major contributing influence. Theories __21__ on the individual suggest that children engage in criminal behavior __22__ they were not sufficiently penalized for previous misdeeds or that they have learned criminal behavior through __23__ with others. Theories focusing on the role of society suggest that children commit crimes in __24__ to their failure to rise above their socioeconomic status, __25__ as a rejection of middle-class values.Most theories of juvenile delinquency have focused on children from disadvantaged families, __26__ the fact that children from wealthy homes also commit crimes. The latter may commit crimes __27__ lack of adequate parental control. All theories, however, are tentative and are __28__ to criticism.Changes in the social structure may indirectly __29__ juvenile crime rates. For example, changes in the economy that__30__ to fewer job opportunities for youth and rising unemployment __31__ make gainful employment increasingly difficult to obtain. The resulting discontent may in __32__ lead more youths into criminal behavior.Families have also __33__ changes these years. More families consist of one parent households or two working parents;__34__, children are likely to have less supervision at home __35__ was common in the traditional family __36__. This lack of parental supervision is thought to be an influence on juvenile crime rates. Other __37__ causes of offensive acts include frustration or failure in school, the increased __38__ of drugs and alcohol, and the growing __39__ of child abuse and child neglect. All these conditions tend to increase the probability of a child committing a criminal act, __40__ a direct causal relationship has not yet been established.21. [A] acting[B] relying[C] centering[D] cementing22. [A] before[B] unless[C] until[D] because23. [A] interactions[B] assimilation[C] cooperation[D] consultation24. [A] return[B] reply[C] reference[D] response25. [A] or[B] but rather[C] but[D] or else26. [A] considering[B] ignoring[C] highlighting[D] discarding27. [A] on[B] in[C] for[D] with28. [A] immune[B] resistant[C] sensitive[D] subject29. [A] affect[B] reduce[C] chock[D] reflect30. [A] point[B] lead[C] come[D] amount31. [A] in general[B] on average[C] by contrast[D] at length32. [A] case[B] short[C] turn[D] essence33. [A] survived[B] noticed[C] undertaken[D] experienced34. [A] contrarily[B] consequently[C] similarly[D] simultaneously35. [A] than[B] that[C] which[D] as36. [A] system[B] structure[C] concept[D] heritage37. [A] assessable[B] identifiable[C] negligible[D] incredible38. [A] expense[B] restriction[C] allocation[D] availability39. [A] incidence[B] awareness[C] exposure[D] popularity40. [A] provided[B] since[C] although[D] supposing。
2004年考研英语一真题问题详解解析汇报
2004年全国攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试英语答案及解析第一部分英语知识运用试题解析一、文章总体分析文章主要探讨青少年犯罪的原因。
一开始，文章从现有的理论出发，指出这些理论集中把个人或社会看作主要影响因素。
接着文章又进一步谈到，现有理论只关注来自贫穷家庭的孩子，而忽视了来自富有家庭的孩子也犯罪这一事实。
总之，这些理论都是不确定的，容易受到批评和攻击。
从第三段开始，文章提出了新的见解：社会结构的变化可能间接地影响了青少年犯罪率。
这其中包括经济结构和家庭结构的变化。
除此之外，也有其他一些原因造成了青少年的犯罪行为。
最后，文章就以上提到的众多原因作了一个总结：所有上述情形都有可能促使青少年犯罪，但它们与青少年犯罪是否存在直接的因果关系还没有确定。
二、试题具体解析1. [A] acting (on) 对……起作用[B]relying (on) 依靠，指望[C]centering (on) 以……为中心，围绕；集中于……[D]commenting (on) 对……做出评论[答案] C[解析] 本题考核的知识点是：平行句子结构+分词短语辨析。
本题要求考生判断空格处应填入什么分词与on搭配，构成分词短语。
从结构上看，文章第一段由三个平行结构的长句子构成，其主要结构为Many theories concerning…focus on；Theories 1 on the individual suggest that；Theories focusing on the role of society suggest that。
三个句子的主语都是 theories，并都接有分词作定语。
因此空格处填入的分词应和前一句中的concerning、后一句中的focusing on遥相呼应，都表示“关于…的理论”的含义，从文意方面看，第一句话总述到，关于（concerning）青少年犯罪原由的理论集中研究两个方面，即个人因素和社会因素。
2004年考研英语试题及答案
2004年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section I Listening ComprehensionDirections:This section is designed to test your ability to understand spoken English. You will hear a selection of recorded materials and you must answer the questions that accompany them. There are three parts in this section，Part A, Part B and Part C.Remember, while you are doing the test, you should first put down your answers in your test booklet. At the end of the listening comprehension section, you will have 5 minutes to transfer all your answers from your test booklet to ANSWER SHEET 1.Part ADirections:For questions 1-5， you will hear a talk about the geography of Belgium. While you listen, fill out the table with the information you have heard. Some of the information has been given to you in the table。
Write only 1 word or number in each numbered box。
2004年考研英语试题及答案
2004年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section I Listening ComprehensionDirections:This section is designed to test your ability to understand spoken English. You will hear a selection of recorded materials and you must answer the questions that accompany them. There are three parts in this section，Part A, Part B and Part C.Remember, while you are doing the test, you should first put down your answers in your test booklet. At the end of the listening comprehension section, you will have 5 minutes to transfer all your answers from your test booklet to ANSWER SHEET 1.Part ADirections:For questions 1-5， you will hear a talk about the geography of Belgium. While you listen, fill out the table with the information you have heard. Some of the information has been given to you in the table。
Write only 1 word or number in each numbered box。
2004年英语一答案详解详解
2004年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语答案详解第一部分英语知识运用试题解析一、文章总体分析文章主要探讨青少年犯罪的原因。
一开始，文章从现有的理论出发，指出这些理论集中把个人或社会看作主要影响因素。
接着文章又进一步谈到，现有理论只关注来自贫穷家庭的孩子，而忽视了来自富有家庭的孩子也犯罪这一事实。
总之，这些理论都是不确定的，容易受到批评和攻击。
从第三段开始，文章提出了新的见解：社会结构的变化可能间接地影响了青少年犯罪率。
这其中包括经济结构和家庭结构的变化。
除此之外，也有其他一些原因造成了青少年的犯罪行为。
最后，文章就以上提到的众多原因作了一个总结：所有上述情形都有可能促使青少年犯罪，但它们与青少年犯罪是否存在直接的因果关系还没有确定。
二、试题具体解析1. [A] acting (on) 对……起作用[B] relying (on) 依靠，指望[C] centering (on) 以……为中心，围绕；集中于……[D] commenting(on) 对……做出评论[答案] C[解析] 本题考核的知识点是：平行句子结构+分词短语辨析。
本题要求考生判断空格处应填入什么分词与on搭配，构成分词短语。
从结构上看，文章第一段由三个平行结构的长句子构成，其主要结构为Many theories concerning…focus on；Theories 1 on the individual suggest that；Theories focusing on the role of society suggest that。
三个句子的主语都是theories，并都接有分词作定语。
因此空格处填入的分词应和前一句中的concerning、后一句中的focusing on遥相呼应，都表示―关于…的理论‖的含义，从文意方面看，第一句话总述到，关于（concerning）青少年犯罪原由的理论集中研究两个方面，即个人因素和社会因素。
04年考研英语真题
04年考研英语真题2004年考研英语真题是考生备考过程中的重要资料之一。
通过对这份真题的研究和分析，可以帮助考生更好地了解考试内容和考试要求，有针对性地进行备考，提高自己的考试成绩。
本文将对2004年考研英语真题进行解读，并提供一些备考建议。
首先，我们来看一下2004年考研英语真题的整体结构。
这份真题共分为两部分，第一部分是阅读理解，共有四篇文章；第二部分是完形填空，共有两篇文章。
每篇文章都附有一些问题，考生需要根据文章内容选择正确的答案。
整个考试时间为150分钟。
接下来，我们来具体分析一下阅读理解部分。
这部分的题目主要考察考生对英语文章的理解能力和阅读技巧。
其中，第一篇文章是关于环境保护的，主要讲述了人类对自然环境的破坏和应该采取的措施。
第二篇文章是关于语言学习的，介绍了一种新的语言学习方法。
第三篇文章是关于心理学的，讲述了人类的情绪和行为之间的关系。
第四篇文章是关于历史的，描述了一个历史事件的发生和影响。
在解答这些阅读理解题目时，考生需要注意以下几点。
首先，要仔细阅读每篇文章，理解文章的大意和主题。
其次，要注意文章中的关键词和关键句，这些内容往往与问题的答案相关。
此外，要注意文章的结构和逻辑关系，这有助于理解文章的内容。
最后，要根据问题的要求选择正确的答案，可以通过排除法来缩小答案的范围。
接下来，我们来看一下完形填空部分。
这部分的题目主要考察考生对词汇和语法的掌握能力，以及对文章整体意义的理解。
第一篇文章是关于旅行的，描述了作者的一次旅行经历。
第二篇文章是关于教育的，讲述了一个教育家的故事。
在解答这些完形填空题目时，考生需要注意以下几点。
首先，要注意文章的语境，根据上下文来理解空缺处应填入的词语。
其次，要注意词语的词性和语法用法，以确保所填入的词语在句子中是正确的。
此外，要注意文章的逻辑关系，这有助于理解文章的整体意义。
最后，要根据文章的意思选择正确的答案，可以通过上下文的提示来判断答案的正确与否。
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2004年6月研究生英语学位课统考真题讲解第一部分听力理解Section A:1-5: D, D, A, B, C 6-9: A, C, B, BSection B:10-12: A, B, D 13-15: C, D, BSection C16. The best solar-powered house.17. Department of Energy.18. 1419. $ 250,00020. To show Americans that solar energy works.第二部分词汇Section A21. (D)该句意为：一开始辩论的可能是生命的意义。
但是第一阶段过后，许多谈话的内容缺乏新意，话题不断变化，涉及人类生活的多数方面。
take in: 欺骗；理解；包含；吸收22. (D)该句意为：这位求职者收到录用通知时兴奋得哽咽住了，几乎说不出“再见”。
bring out: 拿出，说出blow out: 吹灭give out: 分配，分发get away with: 逃出惩罚come out with: 发出23. (C)该句意为：在向培养创造性的科学家的重新定位过程中，科学教育发挥了重要作用。
foster: v. 培养，孕育reform: v. 改革yield: v. 屈服，产生breed: v. 培育conceive: v. 孕育；思考24. (A)该句意为：一旦建议得以实施，就几乎不可能推翻它。
reverse: v. 颠倒，推翻，撤消overthrow: v. 推翻enhance: v. 加强implement: v. 执行provoke: v. 激起，挑动25. (B)该句意为：守时的人总是在必须处理某事时把此事处理好。
attend to: 招待，照料，处理participate in: 参见see to: 处理concentrate on: 集中于be involved in: 参与，卷入26. (B)该句意为：这些研究生中多数只有一个志向－当一流经济学家。
aspiration (ambition): n. 志向，抱负inspiration: n. 灵感，鼓励request: n. 请求，要求，需求acquisition: n. 获得27. (A)该句意为：几乎每次我去她房间，都会发现她在专心学习。
be immersed in (be absorbed in): v. 专心于……be submerged in: v. 被……浸泡be saturated with: v. 饱和be agonized by: v. 受……之苦28. (B)该句意为：最新的证据表明，禽流感再次爆发的可能性已经排除。
eliminate: v. 消灭，消除rule out: v. 排除write out: v. 全部写出，开出，勾销turn out: v. 后来发现29. (C)该句意为：我们感谢这儿的所有教师在学习上指导我们并给我们深刻影响。
be obliged to (be grateful to): 感谢be committed to: 对……承诺，对……有义务be compelled to do (be obliged to do)：被迫做……be respectful to: 对……尊敬30. (Ｂ)该句意为：人能改变环境并使其他生命形式接受自己的特殊的想法和幻想。
peculiar: adj. 独特的，特有的；奇怪的novel: adj. 新颖的particular: adj. 特殊的，某个arbitrary: adj. 专横的，任性的fantastic: adj. 荒诞的，绝妙的Section B31. (A)该句意为：这些未来从事推销保险的人将开始学相关的规定和业务技巧。
prospective: adj. 未来的perspective: adj. 透视法的respective: adj. 各自的protective: adj. 保护性的32. (C)该句意为：皮肤既结实又富有弹性，有充分的血液供应，耐损伤能力强，而且可迅速自动恢复。
flexible: adj. 灵活的loose: adj. 松弛的elastic: adj. 弹性的resourceful: adj. 足智多谋的33. (A)该句意为：教师的行为如同展品一样，公开展示，所以教师们在个人生活中必须小心谨慎。
hold up: 抢劫，耽搁，拿出展示use up: 用完keep up: 保持dress up: 精心打扮34. (C)该句意为：选择适合自己的健康行为的观念是个重要的观念。
in face of: 在……面前in case of: 在发生……情况下in relation to: 与……相关in charge of: 负责35. (D)所谓的“人才流失”指的是肩负重任的人不再有任何幻想，只好移居他国。
immigrate: v. 移入migrate: v. 迁移integrate: v. 集成emigrate: v. 移出36. (B)该句意为：因为人们很少能如愿以偿，所有没必要郁闷。
amount to: 合计，等于correspond to: 与……对应add to: 增添contribute to: 做贡献，促进37. (C)该句意为：与致癌通道有关的基因活动有微妙的差异，此技术为说明此差异提供了更详细的信息。
coupled with: 伴随着stained with: 有……污点associated with: 与……有关38. (A)该句意为：总统要求的安全性超出正常程度，为其工作绝非易事。
call for: 需要call forth: 呼唤出，激起call up: 传唤，提出call at: 停靠，到……做短暂访问39. (D)该句意为：商品的摆放要与商店的气氛一致。
persistent: adj. 坚持不懈的，持续的existent: adj. 存在的insistent: adj. 坚持的consistent: adj. 连贯的，一致的40. (C)该句意为：这些基督教徒经常问自己怎样才能永生不死。
external: adj. 外部的original: adj. 原来的，原始的eternal: adj. 永恒的，永久的optimal: adj. 优化的第三部分完形填空本文介绍了鸡是地球上数量最多的鸟类，它为人类提供鸡肉和鸡蛋。
本文还介绍了人类养鸡的历史、现代化养鸡的技术及其存在问题。
41. (A) 文中第二句作者说：据估计地球上有130亿只鸡。
estimate: 估计evaluation: 评价judge: 判断legislation: 立法42. (C) 第一段最后一句作者说：此外，全世界的母鸡每年还能产6000亿只蛋。
43. (D) 第二段第三句作者说：直到19世纪鸡和鸡蛋的大规模生产才成为赢利性的商业企业。
44. (B) 参见第43题。
venture: n. 风险，投机，为赢利而开办的企业45. (A) 第三段第一句作者说：现在鸡肉是销售量最大的禽类。
by far: “最”，修饰形容词或副词的最高级。
46. (D) 第四段第二句作者说：现代技术可以使一个人就能养2.5万至5万只鸡。
it在这里是形式宾语，因为后面的宾语for just one person to care…太长。
47. (B) 第四段第四句作者说：许多人指责这种大规模养鸡生产太残忍。
conceal: v. 隐藏，隐瞒condemn: v. 谴责commence: v. 开始，着手command: v. 命令，掌握48. (D) 第四段第六句作者说：许多用这种方法养殖的禽类很容易大批死亡，比如它们可能会成为禽流感的牺牲品。
witness: n. 见证人sacrifice: n. 牺牲，奉献donation: n. 捐献victim: n. 受害者，牺牲品49. (A) 第四段第七句作者说：许多农场主既不了解现代化大规模养鸡的技术，又不知道适当的喂养方法，既不知道如何改进鸡舍的条件，也不知道如何保护它们不受疾病侵害。
know-how: 实际知识，关键技术，诀窍how-so:解释做法的，指引的in-the-know: 知道内情的how-come: 怎么会的50. (C) 文章最后一句作者说：正因为这个原因联合国已经开始了一些项目，旨在帮助许多国家的农民接受这方面的教育。
because of: 虽有“因为”之意，但一般不与reason搭配due to 意为“因为”，与because of用法一样for this reason意为“正因为此原因”，是固定搭配。
第四部分阅读理解第一篇本文介绍了纽扣的起源、历史及其功用。
51. (C)文章一开始作者说：在服装上面的所有附件和装饰品中，纽扣也许是最不引人注意的了。
52. (C)第二段第一句作者说：然而纽扣一开始是用做装饰品的，当然直到13世纪它们才有实用的功用。
53. (A)第二段第二句作者说：到14世纪纽扣又成了装饰品，通常浪费十分严重，以至于有钱人在一件衣服上钉上300个扣子也不足为奇。
54. (D)第四段第四句作者说：（佛罗伦萨）扣子是不可以钉在衣袖的上半部的，违反这一法律的惩罚是鞭刑。
55. (A)全文最后一句作者说：所有也行扣子还是值得我们再研究研究的。
56. (C)第五段作者说：至于扣子钉在衣服的哪一边，一开始男人和女人是一样的，都钉在左边，只是男人为了方便拿出剑来才改在了右边。
第二篇本文指出如饮食过量和吸烟一些坏习惯会给人们的身体造成损害，但研究表明只要我们改掉坏的生活习惯身体就能有所改善，虽然不一定会立竿见影，但对我们的健康总是有好处的。
57. (B)文章一开始作者说：在我们成年人的一些不利于健康的坏习惯中，饮食过量是我们从儿时就开始的。
一方面我们认为人的身体是不会被毁掉的，……58. (C)第二段第一句作者说：如果当你脱了衣服站在镜子前还没有看到坏习惯如何毁掉你的身体的证据的话，等着瞧吧！（言外之意：如果你现在还没有得肥胖症得话，以后也会得的。
）59. (A)第三段第三句作者说：令人高兴的结论是：假如身体得损害不是太严重的话，我们人的身体有一种惊人的自我修复功能。
第七段作者说：一项研究结论表明每周吃两次鱼得妇女比每月吃一次鱼得妇女得中风的几率小一半。
也就是说妇女多吃些鱼对健康有好处。
61. (B)第八段作者说：从你戒烟当天开始，你血中的一氧化碳的浓度就会明显下降。
几周内你血液的粘稠度提高。
62. (D)最后一段作者说：你不知道从哪儿开始来改变坏习惯吗？使我们吃惊的是这没有多大关系（言外之意：从哪儿都行），因为一个良好的改变通常会带来另一个。