高考英语阅读理解之主旨大意题解题策略及技巧点拨
高考英语冲刺阅读理解的主旨大意题解题技巧
高考英语冲刺阅读理解的主旨大意题解题技巧在高考英语中,阅读理解占据着相当重要的地位,而其中的主旨大意题更是考查考生综合理解和把握文章核心内容的关键题型。
对于即将参加高考的同学们来说,掌握有效的解题技巧来应对主旨大意题,是提高阅读理解分数的重要途径。
一、了解主旨大意题的常见提问方式首先,我们要熟悉主旨大意题常见的提问形式。
比如:“What is the main idea of the passage?” 、“The passage is mainly about” 、“Which ofthe following best expresses the main idea of the passage?” 等等。
通过对这些常见提问方式的了解,我们能够在阅读文章时更有针对性地去寻找主旨。
二、阅读文章时要抓关键1、关注文章的开头和结尾很多文章在开头就会点明主题,或者在结尾处进行总结概括。
所以,在阅读时要特别留意开头和结尾的段落,这往往是揭示主旨的关键所在。
2、留意段落的主题句通常,每个段落都会有一个主题句,它能够概括该段落的主要内容。
主题句可能出现在段首、段中或段尾。
如果能够准确找到段落的主题句,对于理解整篇文章的主旨会有很大帮助。
3、注意文中的转折词和总结词像“but”、“however”等转折词,以及“therefore”、“thus”等总结词后面的内容,往往包含着重要的信息,可能会指向文章的主旨。
三、排除干扰选项1、以偏概全的选项这类选项往往只涉及文章的某一部分内容,而不能涵盖整篇文章的主旨。
2、过于具体的细节选项虽然是文章中提到的内容,但只是具体的细节,不能代表文章的整体大意。
3、与文章内容无关的选项有些选项可能与文章的主题毫无关联,很容易被排除。
4、主观臆断的选项这类选项是根据自己的想法推测出来的,而非基于文章的内容。
四、归纳总结文章主旨在理解了文章的大致内容,并排除了干扰选项后,我们需要对文章的主旨进行归纳总结。
高中英语知识点归纳阅读理解主旨题解析
高中英语知识点归纳阅读理解主旨题解析在英语学习中,阅读理解是重要的一部分,而其中主旨题又是最常见的一种题型。
主旨题通常要求考生通过阅读文章,准确把握文章的中心思想。
下面将对高中英语知识点归纳阅读理解主旨题解析进行讨论。
一、主旨题的定义和特点主旨题是阅读理解中的一种常见题型,要求考生通过阅读文章来确定文章的中心思想或主题。
主旨题的答案通常体现在文章的开头、结尾或者是文章的重点句子中。
解答主旨题需要考生对文章有整体的把握,同时需要抓住文章的关键信息。
二、解题策略1. 整体理解法:首先,通过快速阅读全文,了解文章的大意。
可以先读文章的标题和首尾几句话,然后再细读全文。
在整体了解文章内容后,考生可以根据文章所涉及的具体细节和信息,进行判断、归纳和总结。
2. 寻找关键信息法:在阅读过程中,要注意寻找文章的关键信息。
关键信息通常包括人名、地名、时间、数字、事件等。
通过关键信息的把握,能够更好地理解文章的主要内容。
3. 理解段落结构法:文章通常由多个段落组成,每个段落代表一个主题。
在解答主旨题时,可以通过理解段落的主题和段落之间的逻辑关系,来判断文章的中心思想。
4. 抓住作者观点与态度:在解答主旨题时,要抓住作者的观点和态度。
通过了解作者的观点和态度,能够更准确地确定文章的中心思想。
三、注意事项1. 注意排除干扰选项:主旨题的干扰选项通常会涉及文章的细节、次要内容或者是过于绝对、偏激的观点。
解答主旨题时,要仔细分析干扰选项,将其与文章的总体内容对比,排除错误选项,选择最符合文章主旨的选项。
2. 注意理解文章的意图:主旨题关注的是文章的中心思想,而不是细节。
解答主旨题时,要着重理解文章的意图,抓住文章的主要观点和中心论述,而不是被文章中的细节所迷惑。
3. 注意主旨的表达方式:文章的主旨可以通过直接陈述、间接引用、举例和对比等方式进行表达。
解答主旨题时,要注意不同表达方式之间的联系,准确把握文章的中心思想。
通过以上方法和技巧,相信大家可以更好地理解和解答高中英语知识点归纳阅读理解主旨题。
英语阅读理解主旨大意题解题技巧
英理解主旨大意的解技巧高考理解主旨大意的考旨在考学生一篇文章或一个段落的深次理解和把握其主旨大意的能力。
一般某一段或某一篇的主或目的。
目考的范是:根本点、文章、主或段落大意等。
它要求考生在理解全文的基上能好地运用概括、判断、、推理等思方法,文章行高度概括或,要求学生通快速取篇中心思想的能力,辨主要信息和次要信息的能力,以及要求学生要具有上下文的概括能力。
1、主旨大意干常的句形式1〕主旨句型Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?Wecanconclude/learnfromthepassagethat⋯⋯2〕最正确型Thebesttitleforthispassageis⋯⋯3〕作者主旨意型Whatdoesthewriterwanttotellus?Whichcanexpressthepurposeofthewriteraccordingtothepassage?在高考阅读理解中,主旨大意题的考查占有十分重要的位置。
主题思想是文章的核心,能否抓住文章的主题思想,是考生阅读能力最主要的表达。
高考中阅读理解的测试,自然也以此作为检验考生阅读理解能力最重要的标准。
下面就这一题型给出一些思路、做题步骤及技巧:.划分文章结构。
英语的文章讲究使用主题段和主题句。
主题段通常在文章的开头或结尾,简要概括文章的中心思想。
段与段之间常用词语连接,承上启下,使文章行文连贯,逻辑严密。
为突出主题,作者可能采用不同的写作手法来组织文章,通过举例、比拟、类比等手法来透彻说明主题观点。
因此根据文章理顺文章的脉络,理解段落层次之间的关系,弄清作者的写作方法,理清全文结构安排,了解文章的重心,就能概括出文章的中心。
要准确地抓住文章的主题思想,就要十分留意文章的开头和结尾也就是文章的中心段落,要抓住文中具有概括性的信息,从上下文连贯的意思来理解全文,看作者主要谈的是什么,透过文字表达的过程来归纳主题,再从选择项中找出最符合表达主题思想的选项。
英语阅读理解主旨大意解题技巧
英语阅读理解主旨大意解题技巧英语阅读理解主旨大意解题技巧主旨大意题是高考阅读理解的主要题型之一,旨在考查考生对锻炼大意或者文章中心思想的把握和归纳能力。
此类题数量较大,在15个题中约占3-4个。
下面就跟着店铺一起来详细了解一下主旨大意题的解题技巧吧!◆主旨大意题的分类⑴从考查对象上划分,主旨大意题可分为两种①篇章主旨:针对全文的主题进行提问。
主题句出现在首段的居多,其次是末段或为几段主题的综②段落主旨:针对某一段或几段的`主题提问。
主题句可能是段落的首句、末句,也可能需要从上下文中寻找或总结。
⑵从考查内容上划分,主旨大意题可分为三种①主题类(内容),考查文章或段落的主旨大意;②目的类,考查文章或段落的写作目的;③标题类,要求考生选出文章的最佳标题。
◆设问特点:1. 考查全文主旨或段落大意。
2. 正确选项概况范围大小恰当,主旨判断准确。
3. 错误选项的特点常常是太大、太窄或者偏离主题,主观臆断。
4. 常以main idea, best idea, subject, mainly discuss 等词提问。
◆常考问题:1). 中心思想类The main point /idea of the passage is…The passage is mai nly about…The passage mainly discusses…The last but one paragraph is chiefly concerned with…?Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage?2).标题类Which of the following is the best title of the passage?The best title for the passage would be …3).目的类The author’s main purpose in writing the passage is to …The passage is meant to ….In writing this passage, the author mainly intends to…【技巧点拨】1. 寻找主题句:抓住段落或文章主题的捷径之一就是在段落或文章中寻找主题句。
高考英语阅读理解之主旨大意题解题策略及技巧点拨
高考英语阅读理解之主旨大意题解题策略及技巧点拨一、考题探究1. 开门见山,提出主题, 随之用细节来解释, 支撑或发展主题句所表达的主题思想,即最常见的演绎法写作方式。
1) Smoking cigarettes is harmful to your health.Experiments show that cigarette smoking can cause cancer.Besides the most serious and terrible disease(illness), cancer, cigarette smoking also can cause other health problems. For example, it can give one a “smoker’s cough”. Finally, studies have shown it is easy for cigarette smokers to catchcolds. Whether you get an unimportant cold or terrible killer, cancer, smoking is harmful. Is it worth it?2) Today the problem of environment has become m ore and more serious. The world population is rising, so quickly that theworld has become too crowded. We are using up our natural resources too quickly and at the same t ime we are polluting our environment with dangerous chemicals. If we continue to do this, human life on earth will not survive.分清main idea和supporting sentences2. 首尾呼应为突出主题, 作者先提出主题, 结尾时再次点出主题, 这种首尾呼应的写作方式较为多见。
高中英语阅读理解主旨大意题解题技巧
《高中英语阅读理解主旨大意题解题技巧》一、引言在学习英语的过程中,阅读理解一直是一个需要重点关注和加强的部分。
而其中的主旨大意题更是考验着学生们的理解能力和语言运用能力。
本文将针对高中英语阅读理解主旨大意题解题技巧展开讨论,希望通过深入的分析和实用的技巧,帮助学生更好地掌握这一部分内容。
二、什么是主旨大意题主旨大意题是阅读理解中的一种常见题型,要求读者从一篇文章中归纳出文章的中心思想或者总体意图。
在解答这类题目时,不仅需要理解文章中的具体内容,还需要把握文章的大局,抓住作者的写作意图和核心论点。
三、解题技巧1. 阶段式阅读法我们需要采用阶段式阅读法来解决主旨大意题。
这意味着在回答问题之前,我们需要进行两到三遍的阅读,以确保我们对文章内容的整体把握和细节了解都到位。
在每一次阅读时,都要有一个明确的阅读目标,例如第一遍阅读关注文章的大意,第二遍阅读关注论据和论点的支持,第三遍阅读关注作者的态度和观点等。
通过多次阶段式阅读,我们可以更全面地理解文章的内容,也更容易找到文章的主旨大意。
2. 关键词标记在阅读的过程中,我们需要对文章中的关键词和关键句进行标记。
这些关键词和关键句往往能够帮助我们更好地把握文章的中心思想,也有助于在回答问题时更快地找到答案。
特别是一些表达中心意思的关键词,如“因此”、“总之”等,这些词往往会出现在文章的重点段落中,是我们找到文章主旨大意的关键线索。
3. 排除法另外,在解答主旨大意题时,我们还可以运用排除法。
在选项中,通常会有一些离题的选项,我们可以通过排除这些离题选项,来缩小正确答案的范围。
这需要我们对文章内容有一个清晰的理解,能够通过选项的排除来找到正确的主旨大意。
4. 注重上下文在解答主旨大意题时,我们需要结合文章的整体内容来确定答案。
这就需要我们注重上下文的联系和整体的逻辑。
文章的主旨往往是通过多个段落或者整篇文章来逐渐展现的,要把握这个过程,并从整体出发寻找主旨大意。
英语阅读理解中主旨大意题的答题技巧
英语阅读理解中主旨大意题的答题技巧一、考查方向这种综合概括类题目的一般范闱是:根本论点、文章标题、主题和段落大意,主要是测试考生阅读理解的根本能力,考查学生在语言水平上对文章的整体把握:能否分辨主题与细节:能否具有综合、概括、归纳和分析问题的能力。
这类题目一般有以下几种提问方式:这类题目一般有以下几种提问方式:(―)中心思想类1.The main idea / general idea of the passage is。
2.The text is mainly about。
3.This passage mainly tells us。
4.What is the topic of the text?5.What does the first / second / last paragraph discuss?6.The passage (The third paragraph) deals with。
7.Which of the following best summarizes the passage?(二)标题类1.The best title / headline for the passage would be。
2.Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?3.What is the best title for the passage?(三)写作意图类1.What is the purpose of the passage?2.The passage is trying to。
3.The author writes this passage in order to。
4.Tlie purpose of the passage is to。
5.The passage is written for。
二、中心思想与标题之间的差异A title is an identifying name given to a book, film, play, composition or other work。
英语阅读理解主旨题解题技巧
英语阅读理解主旨题解题技巧阅读理解是英语考试中常见的题型之一,其中主旨题一直是考生们容易遇到困惑的问题。
主旨题要求读者从文章中获取主要意思或中心思想,这需要一定的技巧和方法。
本文将介绍一些解答主旨题的技巧,帮助考生们顺利解答这类题目。
1. 从题目入手首先,我们可以通过审题来获取一些有效的线索。
主旨题通常会在题目中明确提出,或用关键词来引导读者寻找答案。
因此,在阅读文章之前仔细阅读题目,理解题目要求,并将其作为解题的起点。
2. 理解文章结构了解文章的整体结构能够为解答主旨题提供指导。
通常,一篇文章会有开头、中间和结尾三个部分,每个部分都有特定的功能。
开头部分一般会引出文章的主题,中间部分会展开主题,结尾部分会作出总结或给出建议。
通过了解这种结构,我们可以更好地把握文章的中心思想。
3. 注意段落主题句主题句是段落的核心句子,通常在文章的开头或结尾出现。
它能够准确地概括出段落的主要内容或中心思想。
因此,当解答主旨题时,我们可以通过找出每个段落的主题句,来判断文章的主旨是什么。
4. 寻找关键词关键词在解答主旨题中起着至关重要的作用。
通过寻找和理解关键词,读者可以更好地抓住文章的主旨。
关键词可以是诸如“主要是”、“重要的是”、“核心观点是”等等类似的表达。
当我们在阅读中遇到这些词语时,就要特别留意。
5. 注意文章的情感色彩文章往往会通过情感色彩来表达作者的立场或态度,这也是主旨题的常见线索之一。
通过寻找文章中的情感色彩,我们可以更好地把握文章的主旨和作者的观点。
6. 不受干扰选项主旨题常常会出现一些干扰选项,这就需要考生有足够的阅读理解能力和鉴别能力。
在做题时,要保持冷静,不被其他选项所迷惑,确保自己能够准确地选择出文章的主要思想。
总之,主旨题作为英语阅读理解中的重要题型,需要考生们善于运用一定的技巧来解答。
通过审题、理解文章结构、寻找关键词、把握情感色彩等方法,考生们可以更好地应对,提高解题的准确性和效率。
英语主旨大意题解题技巧
英语主旨大意题解题技巧一、理解文章结构在阅读英语文章时,理解文章的结构是非常重要的。
通常,文章的结构会帮助我们确定文章的主题和主旨。
要理解文章结构,我们需要关注文章的开头和结尾,以及各个段落的主题。
如果能够理解文章的结构,我们就可以更容易地找到文章的主旨大意。
二、识别主题句主题句是文章中概括和总结文章主题的句子。
通常,主题句会出现在段落的开头或结尾,或者整个文章的开头和结尾。
当我们识别出主题句后,就可以更容易地理解文章的主旨大意。
因此,在阅读英语文章时,我们要注意识别主题句。
三、关注文章细节虽然主题句可以概括文章的主题,但是有时候文章的主旨可能需要我们关注更多的细节。
因此,在阅读英语文章时,我们要注意关注文章中的细节,包括例子、数据和引用的内容等。
通过关注这些细节,我们可以更好地理解文章的主旨大意。
四、理解作者意图要理解文章的主旨大意,我们还需要理解作者的意图。
作者通常会在文章中表达自己的观点、态度或建议。
因此,在阅读英语文章时,我们要注意理解作者的意图,从而更好地理解文章的主旨大意。
五、辨识主题大义辨识主题大义是指在阅读英语文章时,我们要注意理解文章的主题和中心思想。
这需要我们关注文章中的关键词和短语,以及作者对这些关键词和短语的运用。
通过辨识主题大义,我们可以更好地理解文章的主旨大意。
六、避免干扰项在解答英语主旨大意题时,我们还需要避免干扰项。
干扰项通常包括与文章无关的信息、过于具体的细节或与作者意图相反的观点等。
要避免干扰项,我们需要认真阅读问题,确定问题的类型和要求,从而找出正确答案。
七、提高阅读速度提高阅读速度是指在阅读英语文章时,我们要注意提高自己的阅读速度。
这需要我们进行大量的阅读练习,从而增强自己的阅读能力和速度。
提高阅读速度可以帮助我们更快地理解文章的主旨大意,从而更好地解答问题。
八、训练阅读思维训练阅读思维是指在阅读英语文章时,我们要注意培养自己的阅读思维。
这需要我们进行大量的阅读练习,从而增强自己的阅读能力和思维能力。
巧解高中英语阅读理解主旨大意题的方法
主旨大意题主要是测试考生对一篇文章或一段文字的深层理解能力以及概括能力。
一般是针对某一语段或某一语篇的标题或目的设题。
这类题目考查的范围是基本论点、文章标题、主题或段落大意等,要求考生在理解全文的基础上能较好地运用概括、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑思维方法,对文章进行高度概括或总结。
题目语言一般简洁、凝练,其干扰项的设置往往比较有迷惑性,属于高层次的阅读理解题。
下面是近3年全国高考主旨大意题题量统计:近3年全国高考主旨大意题题量统计卷名年份新高考I卷全国卷I(乙卷)全国卷II(甲卷)全国卷III20202232021121320221132一、技巧点拨标题是段落中心思想最精炼的表达形式。
文章标题可以是单词、短语,也可以是句子。
它的特点是:短小精悍,多为短语;涵盖性强,一般要求能涵盖全文,其确定的范围要恰当,不能太大,也不能太小;精确性强,不能随意改变语言表意的程度及色彩。
学生在解答主旨大意题时,要搞清楚是问某一段还是全文的大意,可利用文中主要信息来进行综合归纳。
如有标题,标题中蕴含的信息往往是关键信息。
另外,任何一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的,因此,许多文章最明显的特点之一是有一个反复出现的中心词,即高频词,也叫主题词。
抓住了它,便容易抓住文章的中心。
二、典题例析例1.(温州市2023届高三第一次适应性考试)The review points to disappearing and degraded habitat—resulting from climate change,urbanization,agricul-tural intensification,and international trade—as theleading driver of bird declines worldwide.In a note ofhope,the authors cite a2020study indicating that re-storing just5%of habitat in priority areas around theworld could avert60%of likely extinctions.Lead author Alexander Lees,a research associateat the Cormell Lab,also points to the need for substan-tial changes in human behavior to prevent further loss-es.“Loss and degradation of habitat is often driven bydemand for resources,”says Lees.“We need to betterconsider how commodity flows such as beef,oil,andseed crops can contribute to biodiversity loss and try toreduce the human footprint on the natural world.”31.What is the last paragraph mainly about?A.Extra reasons for bird extinction.B.Possible solutions to habitat loss.C.Substantial changes in human behavior.D.The prospect of biodiversity loss.【解析】B。
英语阅读主旨大意题的答题方法
英语阅读主旨大意题的答题方法阅读理解是英语学习中非常重要的一部分,而阅读主旨大意题又是阅读理解题目中的重要类型之一。
在这类题目中,考生需要通过阅读文章,找出文章的中心思想或者整体大意。
接下来,我们将介绍一些答题方法,帮助大家在考试中更好地应对这类题目。
一、仔细阅读文章在应对阅读主旨大意题时,首先要仔细阅读文章。
这包括通读全文,仔细理解每一个段落的内容,把握文章的主题和中心思想。
只有对文章的内容有一个清晰的理解,才能更好地回答关于文章主旨的问题。
二、关注首段和尾段在阅读文章时,通常可以通过首段和尾段来把握文章的主旨。
首段通常是对整篇文章的引言,而尾段则会对整篇文章进行总结或者呼应首段的内容。
考生可以通过理解首尾段的内容来更好地把握文章的主旨。
三、寻找关键词在文章中,关键词往往能够帮助我们更好地把握文章的主旨。
通过寻找关键词,我们可以更快地理解文章的中心思想。
一些表示中心思想的词语如"important", "significant", "m本人n idea"等,通过寻找这些词语,可以更好地找出文章的主旨。
四、排除干扰项在回答阅读主旨大意题时,有时候会出现一些干扰项,这些干扰项往往会误导考生的答题方向。
考生需要学会排除干扰项,集中注意力寻找文章的中心思想。
五、练习题目为了更好地应对阅读主旨大意题,考生可以多做一些相关的练习题目。
通过练习,可以帮助考生更好地掌握答题技巧,提高答题的准确性和速度。
通过以上几点答题方法,相信大家在应对英语阅读主旨大意题时能够更加游刃有余。
在备战考试的过程中,只要多加练习和总结经验,相信大家一定能够取得优异的成绩。
要对阅读主旨大意题有一个清晰的认识。
阅读主旨大意题是要求考生通过阅读文章,找出文章的中心思想或者整体大意。
这类题目在各类英语考试中经常出现,因此掌握好答题方法非常重要。
除了上文提到的一些答题方法外,还有一些方法可以帮助考生更好地应对阅读主旨大意题。
高考英语阅读理解主旨大意题解题技巧
(4)首尾呼应
为突出主题, 作者先提出主题, 结尾时再次点出 主题, 这种首尾呼应的写作方式也较为多见. 通 常, 前后表述主题的句子不是简单的重复, 后面 的表述往往有进一步的引申或发展的意味.
(2)主题句也会出现在段尾。 作者先摆出事实依据,层层推理论证,最后自 然得出结论,即段落的主题。本段的中心思 想在结尾句得到体现,它是此段内容的结论。
Sample 3
Nothing is as useful as a flashlight on a dark night if a tire goes flat. Few inventions are so helpful to a child who is afraid of the dark. In fact, the modern flashlight brings light to many dark situations. Finding something in the back of a closet is easy with a flashlight in hand . A camper also needs one after the light of the campfire has been out.
Sample 5 (5) 从段落中寻找高频率词
任何一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的,因此, 许多文章中最明显的特点之一是有一个反复出 现的中心词,即高频词,也叫做主题词
The passage is mainly about _____.
主旨大意题的解题技巧
主旨大意题的解题技巧主旨大意题主要考查考生对文章主旨大意的概括和归纳能力。
主要有主题型和标题型两类,题干中一般有main idea, topic, title, mainly about等字眼。
1、快速解题法此类题的阅读文章多属于议论文和说明文,其结构特点常表现为:提出问题——论述问题——得出结论或阐明观点。
考生对这一结构的掌握,有助于迅速掌握文章的主题,把握文章的脉络,从而快捷而准确地抓住文章或段落的中心思想。
解答此类题目的关键在于迅速抓住阅读文章的主题句。
考生只要找准了主题句,对于阅读理解中的主旨大意题就迎刃而解了。
主题句的显著特点:主题句所表达的意思具有明显的概括性;句子结构简单精练;文章或段落中的其他句子都是对主题句的进一步解释、说明、论证或扩展。
主题句的五种位置:①文首;②文尾;③首尾呼应;④文中;⑤没有主题句。
主题句的确定方法:用浏览法(skimming),即只需选读文首、文尾,或每段的首句和尾句等,重点搜索主题线索和主题信息。
2、辨认主旨小窍门①段落中出现转折时,该句很可能是主题句。
②作者有意识地反复重复的观点通常是主旨。
③首段出现疑问句时,对该问题的解答可能就是文章主旨。
④提出文章主旨时常伴有的文字提示:therefore, thus, but, however, in short等。
3、答题基本步骤①阅读文章开头几句和最后几句,以便获得有关主题和中心思想的信息。
②浏览文章的其余部分,寻找能支撑和论证主题、中心思想的关键词。
③仔细推敲各个选项,排除有明显错误或无关信息的选项,从而选出最佳答案。
4、推敲正误小窍门①正确选项常含有抽象名词或概括性词语。
②正确选项一般不出现细节信息,不含过分肯定或绝对意义的词。
③那些概括全文、内容全面、含义深刻、说明道理的选项一般是正确答案。
④四个选项中,内容相近或完全相反的两个选项中往往有一个是正确答案。
⑤干扰项特点:细节信息明显,内容片面,以偏概全,只含局部信息,或是一句没有展开论述的话,概括范围太宽或太窄,或是此选项没有具体的内容。
高考英语阅读理解题解题技巧之主旨大意题讲义
主旨大意题一、总体解题思路1、宏观上分清文章体裁(记叙文、科普类的说明文议论文)和捋清文章行文脉络二、记叙文:主旨一般在首段和尾段出现(扫读重点关注首尾段各段首尾句或第二句以及转折处句子)第1篇I have a special place in my heart for libraries. I have for as long as I can remember. I wasalways an enthusiastic reader, sometimes reading up to three books a day as a child. Stories were like air to me and while other kids played ball or went to parties, I lived out adventures through the books I checked out from the library.My first job was working at the Ukiah Library when I was 16 years old. It was a dream job and I did everything from shelving books to reading to the children for story time.As I grew older and became a mother, the library took on a new place and an added meaning in my life. I had several children and books were our main source(来源) of entertainment.It was a big deal for us to load up and go to the local library, where my kids could pick out books to read or books they wanted me to read to them.I always read, using different voices, as though I were acting out the stories with my voiceand they loved it !It was a special time to bond with my children and it filled them with the wonderment of books .Now, I see my children taking their children to the library and I love that the excitement of going to the library lives on form generation to generation.As a novelist, l've found a new relationship with libraries. I encourage readers to go to their local library when they can't afford to purchase a book. I see libraries as a safe haven(避风港) for readers and writers, a bridge that helps put together a reader with a book. Libraries, in their own way, help fight book piracy(盗版行为) and I think all writers should support libraries in a significant way when they can. Encourage readers to use the library, Share library announcements on your social media. Frequent them and talk about them when you can. [ 2020全国II卷D篇]首先先快速扫读每段的首尾句或第二句及转折处句子每段有每段的中心句这个中心句可能是全文主旨句也可能只是本段的主旨所以为了更全面把握主旨中心需要每段都要扫读到I have a special place in my heart for libraries. I have for as long as I can remember. I wasalways an enthusiastic reader, sometimes reading up to three books a day as a child. Stories were like air to me and while other kids played ball or went to parties, I lived out adventures through the books I checked out from the library.and an addedsource(来源) ofAs a novelist, l've found a new relationship with libraries. I encourage readers to go to their local library when they can't afford to purchase a book. I see libraries as a safe haven(避风港) for readers and writers, a bridge that helps put together a reader with a book. Libraries, in their own way, help fight book piracy(盗版行为) and I think all writers should support libraries in a significant way when they can. Encourage readers to use the library, Share library announcements on your social media. Frequent them and talk about them when you can. [ 2020全国II卷D篇]既然是记叙文一般就从首尾段找主旨I have a special place in my heart for libraries. I have for as long as I can remember. I wasalways an enthusiastic reader, sometimes reading up to three books a day as a child. Stories were like air to me and while other kids played ball or went to parties, I lived out adventures through the books I checked out from the library.As a novelist, l've found a new relationship with libraries. I encourage readers to go to their local library when they can't afford to purchase a book. I see libraries as a safe haven(避风港) for readers and writers, a bridge that helps put together a reader with a book. Libraries, in their own way, help fight book piracy(盗版行为) and I think all writers should support libraries in a significant way when they can. Encourage readers to use the library, Share library announcements on your social media. Frequent them and talk about them when you can. [ 2020全国II卷D篇]从首尾段提取主题词可以快速缩小选择范围提高准确率即微观上要抓住主题词那么主题词特征有以下几个●反复高频出现●绝大多数以名词为主动词和形容词为辅●出现时往往前有铺垫后有解释说明I和library 就是反复出现高频词并且说的就是I和library的关系优先排除A和B 都属于无中生有显然Young属于偷换概念只有D 和主题词切合并且逻辑关系是呼应的即I和library的关系第2篇Adults understand what it feels like to be flooded with objects. Why do we often assume thatmore is more when it es to kids and their belongings? The good news is that I can help my own kids learn earlier than I did how to live more with less.I found the preholidays a good time to encourage young children to donate lessused things, and it worked. Because of our efforts, our daughter Georgia did decide to donate a large bag of toys to a little girl whose mother was unable to pay for her holiday due to illness. She chose to sell a few larger objects that were less often used when we promised to put the money into her school fund(基金)(our kindergarten daughter is serious about being a doctor)For weeks, I've been thinking of bigger, deeper questions: How do we make it a habit for them? And how do we train ourselves to help them live with, need, and use less? Yesterday, I sat with my son, Shepherd, determined to test my own theory on this. I decided to play with him with only one toy for as long as it would keep his interest. I expected that one toy would keep his attention for about five minutes, ten minutes, max. I chose a red rubber ballsimple, universally available. We passed it, he tried to put it in his mouth, he tried bouncing it, rolling it, sitting on it, throwing it. It was totally, pletely enough for him. Before I knew it an hour had passed and it was time to move on to lunch.We both became absorbed in the simplicity of playing together. He had my full attention and I had his. My little experiment to find joy in a single object worked for both of us.[ 2018全国III卷D ]首先先快速扫读每段的首尾句或第二句及转折处句子(每段有每段的中心句这个中心句可能是全文主旨句也可能只是本段的主旨所以为了更全面把握主旨中心需要每段都要扫读到)Adults understand what it feels like to be flooded with objects. Why do we often assume that提取首尾段首先排除A 和D 显然文中没有提及属于无中生有文中是帮助孩子学习而B的向孩子学习显然属于颠倒逻辑答案C就是直接来自首段尾句其实当文章自问自答或者提出了问题那么后面的回答就是文章的主题三、科普类文章:主旨一般与研究结果或专家建议观点紧密相关快速扫读每段的首尾句或第二句及转折处句子寻找观点结论第3篇We've all been there: in a lift, in line at the bank or on an airplane, around by people who are, like us, deeply look at their smartphones or, worse, fighting with the unfortable silence.What's the problem? It's more likely that none of us start a conversation because it's challenging, or we think it's unnecessary. But the next time you find yourself among strangers, consider that small talk is worth the trouble. Experts say it's an invaluable social practice that results in big advantages. Small talk is the grease (润滑剂) for social munication, says Bernardo Carducci, director of the Shyness Research Institute at Indiana University Southeast. Almost every great love story and each big business deal begins with small talk," he explains. "The key to successful small talk is learning how to connect with others, not just municate with them."In a 2014 study, Elizabeth Dunn, professor of psychology at UBC, invited people on their way into a coffee shop. One group was asked to look for an interaction (互动) with its waiter; the other, to speak only when necessary. The results showed that those who chatted with their waiter reported higher positive (积极的) feelings and a better coffee shop experience. "It's not that talking to the waiter is better than talking to your husband." says Dunn. But interactions with peripheral (边缘的) members of our social network matter for our wellbeing also."Dunn believes that people who reach out to strangers feel a greater sense of belonging (归属感), a relationship with others. Carducci believes developing such a sense of belonging starts with small talk. "Small talk is the basis of good manners." he says [2018II卷D篇]通过每段的首尾句或第二句及转折处句子找出观点结论性的词句We've all been there: in a lift, in line at the bank or on an airplane, around by people who are, like us, deeply look at their smartphones or, worse, fighting with the unfortable silence.首段只是一个铺垫而第二段but转折词后面信息才是关键信息,Small talk是在文中反复出现的高频词文章结构属于总分结构:铺垫+总观点+分别解释科普类文章的一大特点提出一个现象或问题再提出观点结论然后进行解释说明首先就可以排除A和C 那么B和D 那个和主旨更切合呢B和D结构相同都是of结构显然D文中并没有提到ways,而是反复在讲advantages第4篇We are the products of evolution, and not just evolution that occurred billions of years ago. As scientists look deeper into our genes(基因), they are finding examples of human evolution in just the past few thousand years. People in Ethiopian highlands have adapted to living at high altitudes. Cattle raising people in East Africa and northern Europe have gained a mutation(突变) that helps them digest milk as adults.Oh Thursday in an article published in Cell, a team of researchers reported a new kind of adaptation not to air or to food, but to the ocean. A group of seadwelling people in Southeast Asia have evolved into better divers. The Bajau, as these people are known, number in the hundreds of thousands in Indonesia, Malaysia and the Philippines. They have traditionally lived on houseboats; in recent times, they've also built houses on stilts(支柱) in coastal waters. "They are simply a stranger to the land," said Redney C. Jubilado, a University of Hawaii researcher who studies the Bajau.Dr. Jubilado first met the Bajau while growing up on Samal Island in the Philippines. They made a living as divers, spearfishing or harvesting shellfish. "We were so amazed that they could stay underwater much longer than us local islanders," Dr. Jubilado said. I could see them actually walking under the sea.' In 2015, Melissa Ilardo, then a graduate student in genetics at the University of Copenhagen, heard about the Bajau. She wondered if centuries of diving could have led to the evolution of physical characteristics that made the task easier for them. "It seemed like the perfect chance for natural selection to act on a population," said Dr. Ilardo. She also said there were likely a number of other genes that help the Bajau dive. [ 2020 全国III卷D篇]快速扫读每段的首尾句或第二句及转折处句子寻找观点结论the past few thousand years.People in Ethiopian highlands have adapted to living at highthere were likely a number of other genes that help the Bajau dive. [ 2020 全国III卷D篇]显然首段的首句就是一种观点,第二句又用科学研究发现来进一步证实另外evolution及近义词是反复出现的高频词文章属于总分结构:总观点+分别解释这道题难在出题者对选项答案进行了巧妙化处理并没有直接使用文中的词句故意进行了变换增加了难度和迷惑性不过可以先使用排除法B选项skills文中并未提及属于无中生有,偏离文章主题D 选项中的字眼Best绝对化像这样的选项除非文中明确指出来了,否则带有绝对性字眼的选项不要选另外文中说的是better而非best C选项methods文中也未提到属于无中生有正面分析 A 选项关键词就是remodeled 进行拆分re再次ed过去分词表完成状态model 模式模型——再模型化——重构改型含义=evolution出题者为了增加难度往往把正确答案设定成原文词的同义词近义词或短语第5篇Bacteria are an annoying problem for astronauts. The microorganisms(微生物) from our bodies grow uncontrollably on surfaces of the International Space Station, so astronauts spend hours cleaning them up each week. How is NASA overing this very tiny big problem? lt's turning to a bunch of high school kids. But not just any kids. It depending on NASA HUNCH high school class, like the one science teachers Gene Gordon and Donna Himmelberg lead at Fairport High School in Fairport, New York.HUNCH is designed to connect high school classrooms with NASA engineers. For the past two years, Gordon's students have been studying ways to kill bacteria in zero gravity, and they think they're close to a solution(解决方案). "We don't give the students any breaks. They have to do it just like NASA engineers," says Florence Gold, a project manager."There are no tests," Gordon says. "There is no graded homework. There almost are no grades, other than 'Are you working towards your goal?' Basically, it's 'I've got to produce this product and then, at the end of year, present it to NASA.' Engineers e and really do an inperson review, and..it's not a very nice thing at time. It's a hard business review of your product.Gordon says the HUNCH program has an impact(影响) on college admissions and practical life skills. "These kids are so absorbed in their studies that I just sit back. I don't teach." And that annoying bacteria? Gordon says his students are emailing daily with NASA engineers about the problem, readying a workable solution to test in space. (2019全国IlI卷D篇)快速扫读每段的首尾句或第二句及转折处句子寻找观点结论Bacteria are an annoying problem for astronauts. The microorganisms(微生物) from our bodies grow uncontrollably on surfaces of the International Space Station, so astronauts spend hoursand..it's not a very nice thing at time. It's a hard business review of your product.Gordon says the HUNCH program has an impact(影响) on college admissions and practical life skills. "These kids are so absorbed in their studies that I just sit back. I don't teach." And that annoying bacteria? Gordon says his students are emailing daily with NASA engineers about the problem, readying a workable solution to test in space. (2019全国IlI卷D篇)首段提出问题but转折之后的尾句才是关键信息而第二段首句直接给出观点回答问题,NASA HUNCH是反复出现的词典型的总分结构:铺垫+总观点+分别解释提出问题解决问题解释说明其实有时候归纳出文章主旨并不难,而难在出题人在选项上故意设置陷阱迷惑我们,刁难大家让你误入歧途所以我们要紧紧抓住主旨去排除错误选项,选择正确选项本文主旨说的是NASA的HUNCH项目与high school classrooms之间关系HUNCH is designed to connect high school classrooms with NASA engineers. 那么首先可以排除A和C 因为A只讲了NASA 而后面的the home 纯属无中生有而C选项Nature是属于偷换概念用于代替NASA显然不对另外文中也没有提及outdoor classroom那么D中虽然有HUNCH 但后面讲的是大学准入改革而HUNCH program has an impact(影响) on college admissions and practical life skills. 说的是有影响并不是说HUNCH program就是准入改革风马牛不相及只有B选项提到了Space 与NASA有关对应后面还提到homework与high school classrooms 紧密相关对应B选项同时把space和homework联系起来与文中主旨NASA与high school classrooms联系是呼应的贴合的总结解主旨题要把明确文章体裁握住文章的行文脉络和结构从每段首尾句或第二句及转折处句子找主旨段主旨句主题词从而归纳出主旨还要紧扣主旨去选择和排除那么具有迷惑性的错误答案另外明确了文章了主旨对于读懂文章和做其他题型都有帮助毕竟主旨对全文和所有的题都有统摄作用作者不可能偏离主题去写文章出题者也不可能偏离主题去出题。
高考英语阅读理解主旨大意题解题技巧(8页)
高考英语阅读理解主旨大意题解题技巧《普通高中英语课程标准(2017年版)》提出学生对语篇整体理解的要求。
具体的语言技能内容要求为:从语篇中提取主要信息和观点,理解语篇要义。
区分、分析和概括语篇中的主要观点和事实。
此项考查要求学生通过阅读文章,抓住文章的主旨大意所在,在理解文章内容的基础上,找到文章大意或段落大意,主要考查学生归纳概括信息的能力。
主旨大意题是高考阅读理解中常考的题型之一,主要考查考生把握全文主题和理解中心思想的能力。
通常以选择文章最佳标题(title/topic),概括文章中心大意(main idea)、文章段落大意(topic)等形式出现。
主旨大意题是阅读理解题中的高难度题型,属于能力型题目。
研究近几年课标地区的高考阅读理解题可以发现,主旨大意题几乎年年都有,而且在大部分地区的阅读理解题中会有1~3道此类题。
其考查形式主要有以下几种:1标题概括类做此类试题时,要注意标题的三个特性,即醒目性、概括性和针对性。
解题时要抓住文章的首尾段和每一段的首尾句,要注意贯穿文章始终的词语。
常见设问形式有:What is the best title for this passage?Which of the following is the best title of the passage? What can be a suitable title for the text?What might be the best title for the passage?The best title of the passage is______.The suitable headline of the passage may be ______.2文章大意类每篇文章都有中心思想,可以通过找主题句来获取文章中心思想。
主题句通常在首段或结尾段,但有时也会出现在文章的中间段落。
因此,在阅读时要倍加关注文章的首段和结尾段及各个段落的主题句。
主旨理解题解题思路
主旨大意题是高考英语阅读理解中常见命题形式。
主要考查学生把握全文主旨和理解文章中心思想的能力。
主旨大意题包括选择最佳标题(title),概括文章大意、段落大意和判断作者的写作目的(purpose)等。
常见的命题形式是:What does the passage/author mainly discuss?What is the first/second paragraph mainly about?What is the main idea of the text?What is the text mainly about?What is the best title for the text?What can be a suitable title for the text?What's the purpose of the passage?一、最佳标题方法:1、中心句法:根据文章中心句,提炼主题词充当文章标题。
2、当文章的写作对象特点较多时,常用写作对象的名称充当文章的标题。
3、将文章的写作对象和其主要特点、意义或影响整合充当文章的标题。
标题的特点:概括性:抽象、准确、简短,常用一个短语或一句话。
针对性:标题外延恰当,与文章内容相符,避免以偏概全。
醒目性:新颖奇特,激发读者的阅读兴趣。
注意排除标题干扰项:(1)片面性:概括不够。
所给选项只概括了文章的一部分内容,或以文章中的细节或个别字词作为选项,或以次要信息作为标题。
(2)过于笼统或过渡概括:所给选项概括的范围过大,超出文章所述内容。
二、概括文章大意方法:1、借助段落主题句归纳:段首、段中、段末2、借助文章主题段归纳:首段(新闻报道、议论文、说明文、科技文献)、末段(记叙文、议论文)(根据不同的文体定位主题句)3、借助主题词归纳:抓住文中出现频率较高的主题词,然后对其进行概括和归纳,确定文章的主旨大意,说明文、议论文找主题句的五个小窍门:(1)段落中出现表转折的词语(如however, yet,but, in fact, indeed,actually等)时,该句很可能是主题句。
高考英语主旨大意题答题技巧
高考英语主旨大意题答题技巧我们阅读一篇文章,首先是要了解其大意,明确其主旨。
因此,主旨大意题是常考题。
主旨大意题包括:主要内容(main idea, mainly about)型、文章标题(title)型、写作目的(purpose)型。
一、主要内容型[技巧点拨]弄清文章的大意,关键是找到主题句。
主题句的位置:主题句通常在文首、文末或首尾呼应,有时也在文中,或没有主题句,需根据文章所述内容进行归纳。
各段的主题句也常在该段的首句或尾句。
议论文和说明文一般有主题句,但记叙文通常没有主题句,需要归纳。
找主题句的方法:用浏览法(skimming),即快速阅读文首、文尾,或每段的首句和尾句等,搜索主题线索和主题信息。
找主题句的四个小窍门:1.段落中出现表转折的词语(如however, but, in fact, actually, while, on the contrary, in contrast等)时,其后的句子很可能是主题句。
2.首段出现疑问句时,对该问题的回答很可能就是主题句。
3.作者有意识地反复强调的观点,通常是主旨;反复出现的词语,一般为体现文章主旨的关键词。
4.表示总结或结论的话常有therefore,thus, in short,conclude, conclusion 等。
经典例题1. That’s when Jack arrived on the scene. He was different from any other guy I’d dated. He could sit for hours on the piano bench with my mother, discussing some composers. My brother Rick loudly announced that Jack wasn’t a turkey like the other guys I’d brought home. Jack passed my family’s test.But what about Dad’s?What is the main idea of Paragraph 2?A. Jack got the family’s approval except Dad’s.B. Jack was different from any other boy.C. Jack was getting on well with Mother.D. Jack knew a lot about piano.答案:A解析:通过第二段的内容可知Jack赢得了作者全家人的欣赏,但由于作者的父亲已去世,作者不知道Jack在父亲那儿是否也能通过,故A正确。
高考英语阅读 主旨大意题的解题技巧
高考英语阅读:主旨大意题的解题技巧一、主旨大意题的命题形式主旨大意题旨在考查考生把握全文主题和理解中心思想的能力,亦即考查考生的归纳概括能力。
这类试题包括要求考生选出短文的标题(title, headline)、短文或段落的主题(subject)、中心思想(main idea)、作者的写作目的(purpose或为传递信息、或为愉悦读者、或为阐述某一道理)等。
这类题的设问方式主要有:(1)The subject of the passage/paragraph is ______.(2)The main idea of the passage/paragraph is ______.(3)The text is mainly about ______.(4)The passage mainly centers on ______.(5)The passage mainly tells about ______.(6)What is the subject discussed in the text?(7)What is the main idea of this passage?(8)What is the passage mainly about?(9)What does the second paragraph mainly discuss?(10)What is the main point the writer is trying to make in the last paragraph?(11)Which of the following is the best title for the passage?(12)Which title best gives the idea of the passage?(13)What would be the best title for the text?(14)What might be the most suitable title for the passage?(15)The best headlines for this newspaper article would be______(16)The main purpose of announcing the above events is to give information about ______.(17)The writer's purpose in writing this story is ______.(18)What is the author's main purpose?(19)What does the writer really want to tell us in this passage?(20)The writer wrote the story in order to______.(21)What is the advice given in the text / passage / article?二、寻找主题句的方法正确的解答这类题目的关键是准确地找出文章的主题句。
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高考英语阅读理解之主旨大意题解题策略及技巧点拨一、考题探究1. 开门见山,提出主题, 随之用细节来解释, 支撑或发展主题句所表达的主题思想,即最常见的演绎法写作方式。
1) Smoking cigarettes is harmful to your health. Experiments show that cigarette smoking can cause cancer. Besides the most serious and terrible disease(illness), cancer, cigarette smoking also can cause other health problems. For example, it can give one a “smoker’s cough”. Finally, studies have shown it is easy for cigarette smokers to catch colds. Whether you get an unimportant cold or terrible killer, cancer, smoking is harmful. Is it worth it?2) Today the problem of environment has become more and more serious. The world population is rising, so quickly that the world has become too crowded. We are using up our natural resources too quickly and at the same time we are polluting our environment with dangerous chemicals. If we continue to do this, human life on earth will not survive.分清main idea和supporting sentences2. 首尾呼应为突出主题, 作者先提出主题, 结尾时再次点出主题, 这种首尾呼应的写作方式较为多见。
但前后表述主题的句子不是简单的重复, 后面的表述往往有进一步的引申或发展的意味。
(首段)Shu Pulong has helped at least 1000 people bitten by snakes, “ It was seeing people with snakes bites that led me to the career. “ she said…(尾段)“ The sad story touched me so much that I decided to devote myself to helping people bitten by snakes. Shu said.3. 先表述细节,后归纳要点, 印象, 结论,建议或结果, 以概括主题。
这是英语中常见的归纳法写作方式1) Often no one looks more guilty than the innocent. On the other hand, nobody may look more innocent than a professional criminal. And the man who knows “everything” may really only be trying to hide his own weakness. So, it is foolish to try to judge a person only by his appearance.2) A human body appears to be rather soft and delicate, compared with that of a wild animal, but it is actually surprisingly strong. In deed, its very softness and loosenessis an advantage; it makes man good at moving about movement of all living things of his own size, because he can do so many different things with his limbs. Man’s games show how he can control his own body. No other land creature can swim as skillfully as man; more has such varied grace; very few lives as long as he; none is so strong in its natural resistance to disease. Therefore man has a great advantage in his battle against the risks of damage and death that threaten him.4. 无主题句即主题句隐含在全文中, 没有明确的主题句. 必须根据文篇中所提供的事实细节,进行全面考虑,综合分析,然后找出共同的东西,归纳成一般概念。
必须注意的是,既不能以偏概全,也不能在概括时过于宽泛,要恰如其分。
1) Joshua Bingham studied 4 years at the University of Paris and decided to leave his graduation. He transferred to the University of Berlin and graduated with honors. Harvard Law School and, later, Boston College provided him with an excellent legal background. He is presently a corporation lawyer in Miami, Florida.What is the main idea of the passage?_______A. How Joshua Bingham became a lawyer.B. Bingham is a diligent student.C. Joshua Bingham received an excellent education.D. A good lawyer needs good education.【分析】此文没有主题句。
全篇共四句,只陈述了四个细节(detail)性的事实。
因此就答案本身看,个个都对。
读者只能将所有的details综合起来,进行逻辑推理,才能构成一个没有言明的主题思想(unstated main idea)。
由于文中主要涉及了Joshua Bingham 接受教育的情况,即作者想告诉我们的是:Joshua Bingham接受过良好的教育,所以答案是C2) If you were planning to buy a television set, the following advertisement would certainly draw your attention: “Color TV. Only $79. Two days sale. Hurry.” However, when you go to the store ready to buy. You may discover that they are sold out. But the shop assistant is quick to tell you that he has another model. A much better set which is “just right for you” It costs $395. This sales trick is called “bait and switch”. Buyers are b aited with a sales advertisement, and then they are switched to another more expensive one. Buyingthings on sale needs careful consideration of the goods and the reason for the sale.The paragraph could be entitled _______.A. Buyer BewareB. Closeout(出清存货) SaleC. Crime PaysD. Buying a TV Set【分析】本段文字先从buy a television set这一具体事例入手,表述细节,详说过程,得出“bait and switch”这一结论。
通过解释结论,辨明内在逻辑,最后提醒人们要有careful consideration,也就是选项A。
文章只是揭露销售中的一个伎俩并非出清存活,所以不选B和C;而D只是用于阐释结论的具体事例。
3) Reading to dogs is an unusual way to help children improve their literacy skills(读写能力). With their shining brown eyes, wagging tails, and unconditional love, dogs can provide the nonjudgmental listeners needed for a beginning reader to gain confidence (自信心), according to IntermountainTherapy Animals (ITA) in Salt Lake City. The group says it is the first program in the country to use dogs to help develop literacy in children, with the introduction of Reading Education Assistance Dogs (READ).The Salt Lake City Public Library is sold on the idea. “Literacy specialists admit that children who read below the level of their fellow pupils are often afraid of reading aloud in a group, often have lower self respect, and regard reading as a headache,” said Lisa Myron, manager of the children’s department.Last November the two groups started “ Dog Day Afternoon” in the children’s department of the main library. About 25 children attended each of the four Saturday afternoon classes, reading for half an hour. Those who attended three of the four classes received a “paw graphed” book at the last class. The program was so successful that the library plans to repeat it in April, according to Dana Thumpow sky, public relations manager.What is mainly discussed in the text?A. Children’s r eading difficultiesB. Advantages of raising dogs.C. Service in a public library.D. A special reading program.【分析】文章开篇说明用狗帮助孩子improve their literacy skills,提出it is the first program。