新概念第三册funny or not词汇课文精讲

New words and expression 生词和短语
Largely adv.在很大程度上
-- His success was largely due to luck.
Universal adj.普遍的
universal agent n.全权代理人
universal time n.(= Greenwich Time)世界时间,格林尼治时
universal joint n.[机]万向接头
万向接头：一种接头或连轴节，能使互相不在一条线上的机械零件在传输旋转运动时在任意方向上具有有限的运动自由度。

Universality n.普遍性, 一般性, 多方面性, 广泛性
Universally adv.普遍地, 全体地, 到处
-- Acknowledged adj.公认的
-- It’s universally acknowledged that English is get more and more important.
Universe n.宇宙, 世界, 万物
Comic adj.喜剧的, 可笑的
Comedian n.滑稽演员, 喜剧演员
Comedy n.喜剧, 喜剧性的事情
-- Tragic adj.悲惨的, 悲剧的
-- Tragedy n.悲剧, 惨案, 悲惨, 灾难
-- Tragedian n.悲剧演员, 悲剧作家
Distasteful adj.讨厌的（adv. distastefully）
Unpleasant adj.使人不愉快的, 讨厌的
Displeasing adj.使人不愉快的, 令人发火的
-- The idea is distasteful to me.
Pester v.一再要求, 纠缠（assail vt.攻击, 困扰）
pester sb. to do sth. 以某事烦扰某人; 缠住某人讨取某物; 麻烦某人做某事
pester sb. with sth. 以某事烦扰某人; 缠住某人讨取某物; 麻烦某人做某事
-- He continually pesters his boss with demands.
pester sb. for sth. 以某事烦扰某人; 缠住某人讨取某物; 麻烦某人做某事
-- Don’t pester me for the trifle.（n.小事, 琐事, 微不足道的东西）
Dread v.惧怕
Dread + 名词, 动名词, 动词不定式
-- We were dreading his arrival. 我们正担心他来呢！
-- He dreaded having to meet his parents.
-- I dread to think what will happen if he finds out.
Dreadful adj.令人恐惧的, 令人不快的
-- a dreadful disaster 可怕的灾难
dreaded adj.感到恐惧的
in dread of….害怕某人[某事]
-- We are in dread of insects.（insect n.昆虫）
terrify vt.使恐怖, 恐吓
horrify v.使恐怖, 使极度厌恶, 惊骇
fear v.害怕, 畏惧, 为...担心
Recovery n.康复
Plaster n.熟石膏
console v.安慰, 慰问
-- Grief n.悲痛, 伤心事, 不幸, 忧伤
-- He is consoling his friend in grief for the loss of child.
hobble v.瘸着腿走
-- I hurt my foot while getting off the bus, and had to hobble home.
我在下公共汽车时脚受了伤, 只好一拐一拐地走回家。

Hobble n.困难, 窘惑
-- be in (get into) a hobble 陷于窘境
compensate v.补偿
to compensate sb. For 为…向某人赔偿
-- Nothing can compensate the young mother for the loss of her favrourite daughter.
年轻的妈妈丧失了自己心爱的女儿是任何东西也弥补不了的。

Compensate v.酬报（for）
-- The company compensates her for extra work. 公司因她的额外工作而给她报酬。

mumble v.喃喃而语
-- He mumbled sth. to me but I could not hear what he said.
他对我咕哝了几句，可是我没听清他说的什么。

mumbler n.说话含糊的人
basis n.基础, 基本, 根据
basic adj.基本的n.基本, 要素, 基础n.[计]BASIC语言, 基本高级语言
bring up 教育, 养育
mysteriously adv.神秘的
bind vt.vi.（bound, bound, binding）缚, 绑
-- be bound up with 与...有密切关系
sense n.意思, 意义n.感觉, 知觉, 感知
characteristic n.特性, 特征
Russian n.俄国人, 俄语adj.俄国的, 俄国人的, 俄语的
Situation n.情形, 境遇
-- Comic situation 喜剧情节
appeal n.魅力, 吸引力, 感染力
stem vi.[美]起源, 发生n.【植】茎, 干, 花梗, 叶柄
tragic adj.悲惨的, 悲剧的
violent adj.猛烈的, 狂暴的, 剧烈的
-- a violent death 横死, 暴死
judge vi.下判断, 作出裁判
celebration n.庆祝, 庆典
eve n.前夕, 前日n.节日的前夜（-- New Y ear's Eve除夕）
n.（重大事件的）前夕（-- on the eve of the great war 大战前夕）
Text 课文
What is the basis of‘sick’humour?
Whether we find a joke funny or not largely depends on where we have been brought up.
rgely 很大程度上（部分肯定mostly）
2.Whether/if 的区别（主语从句，if 不可用在句首）
3.Depend on 取决于
4.Bring up 培养，养育（grow up)
The sense of humour is mysteriously bound up with national characteristics.
A Frenchman, for instance, might find it hard to laugh at a Russian joke.
I found it difficult to finish the work in a day.
It was difficult not to be tempted.
1.find的特殊含义---觉得(~out 经过询问后获知，比如火车时刻表）
ugh at 并不是嘲笑的意思
In the same way, a Russian might fail to see anything amusing in a joke which would make an Englishman laugh to tears.
1.Might
2.Fail to do 没能做某事
3.Anything amusing 修饰词往往放在不定代词之后
4.Make sb do sth（1make 是使役动词相当于let 2必须注意被动情况）
Most funny stories are based on comic situations.
1.be based upon…基于…
-- This news report is based entirely on fact. 这篇新闻报导是完全根据实际情况写成的。

In spite of national differences, certain funny situations have a universal appeal.
1. In spite of/ despite (前者只加名词类，后者还可加that 引导的从句）
No matter where you live, you would find it difficult not to laugh at, say, Charlie Chaplin's early films.
1.no matter where----wherever
2.Find it...(it 形式宾语---difficult 宾补）
3.Say 比如说
However, a new type of humour, which stems largely from the U.S., has recently come into fashion.
1..stem from 源自, 起源于
-- His feeling of hate stem from envy.（n.羡慕, 妒嫉）
-- Her interest in flowers stemmed from her childhood in the country.
stem from 源自, 起源于
= come from 出身于, 由...引起, 是...的结果, 是在...生长大的
= arise from 由...而引起, 由...而产生
= originate from 由某人发起(首创)
Originate vi.发源, 开始, 发生
-- The quarrel originated in a misunderstanding. 争吵是由于误解而引起的。

-- The film originated from a short story. 这部电影取材于一篇短篇小说。

Originate vt.使产生, 创始, 创办, 发明, 发起, 引起
-- They originated the plan. 他们首先提出这一计划。

2. Come into fashion 流行起来, 开始风行
come into power (开始)掌权, 上台
call into being 使产生, 使出现, 建立, 成立
3.which----非限定定从
It is called‘sick humour’.
1.sick
Comedians base their jokes on tragic situations like violent death or serious accidents.
1.accident/incident
2.Violent death
Many people find this sort of joke distasteful.
1.distasteful-----unpleasant
The following example of‘sick humour’will enable you to judge for yourself.
1.enable
2.Judge(法官，判断）
A man who had broken his right leg was taken to hospital a few weeks before Christmas.
From the moment he arrived there, he kept on pestering his doctor to tell him when he would be able to go home.
1.Keep on doing (on 可以省略）
2.Pester
3.Be able to/can
He dreaded having to spend Christmas in hospital.
1.Dread to do = dread doing
2.In hospital
Though the doctor did his best, the patient's recovery was slow.
1.recovery
On Christmas Day, the man still had his right leg in plaster.
He spent a miserable day in bed thinking of all the fun he was missing.
1.Miserable adj.痛苦的, 悲惨的, 可怜
A miserable day = a terrible day
2.think of 考虑, 设想, 想象
-- When I saw you I thought of my sister
think of doing sth
-- He is thinking of setting a school.
3.Spend time doing sth.(两种理解方式，问题？）
By通过某种方式
-- I arrive here by train.
The following day, however, the doctor consoled him by telling him that his chances of being able to leave hospital in time for New Y ear celebrations were good.
1.Chance在表达机会这个概念的时候, 经常采用复数形式。

(odds)
One’s chances of doing sth are good 某人做某事的可能性很大
-- My chances of passing the examination are good.
-- His chances of being dismissed are good.
2.remote adj.遥远的, 偏僻的
adj.极小的, 细微的, 模糊的（= slight adj.轻微的, 微小的）
One’s chances of doing sth are remote 某人做某事的可能性很小
-- His chances of arriving here by bicycle are remote.
3.console-----comfort
The man took heart and, sure enough, on New Y ear's Eve he was able to hobble along to a party.
1.take heart 鼓起勇气, 打起精神
-- He took heart when he got the good news.
lose heart 灰心, 泄气
-- If they knew how difficult it was to drill through the hard rock they will lose heart.
2.hobble
T o compensate for his unpleasant experiences in hospital, the man drank a little more than was good for him.
1.To = in order to
2.More than…超出…范围
-- The cake is more than I can eat.
More than后面可以引导省略主语的比较从句, 从句中常见的形容词有：necessary, good, Possible, anticipate, expect, feel, suggest, report, require, think.
-- The man drank a little more than was good for him. = The man drank a little more than what was good for him.
-- There were more accidents than (what) was reported.
-- He eats more than (what/it) is good for him.
As后面可以引导省略主语的比较从句
-- He arrived as I expected. = He arrived as (what) was expected.
-- He eats as much as (what/it) is good for him.
-- The man drank as much as (what) was good for him.
比较：
1>-- He eats more than is good for him. 他总是吃的正好。

-- He eats as much as is good for him. 他总是吃的过多。

2>-- The man drank a little more than was good for him.
-- The man drank as much as was good for him.
委婉的表达方式：
The man drank a little more than was good for him.
She is quite fat. = She isn’t right fat.（Right adv.正确的, 合适的, 恰当的）
In the process, he enjoyed himself thoroughly and kept telling everybody how much he hated hospitals.
1.in the process of…在...的过程中
In the process = during the party（上文中的party）27-04
-- Y esterday I went swimming. In the process, I have a very good time.
-- I was looking for your house and got lost in the process.
2.Keep telling = keep on telling
How much = To what extent
-- How much can I trust him? = To what extend can I trust him?
Extent n.程度, 范围, 广度, 宽度, 长度
He was still mumbling something about hospitals at the end of the party when he slipped on a piece of ice and broke his left leg.
When = at that moment。