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Application of the Characteristic CIP Method to a Shallow Water Model on the Sphere

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宜兴抽水蓄能电站专业英语词汇

宜兴抽水蓄能电站专业英语词汇

第一部分英译汉Aascend 升（降）abbreviation 缩写ability of withstand seism 耐受地震能力abrasion-resistant 耐磨absorber 吸附装置absorptance 吸收比abut(ting) 毗邻AC (Assembling Check) 安装检查AC input reactor 交流输入电抗器AC sampling module 交流采样模件acceleration 加速度accessible 可进入accommodate 容纳；使适应accounts for 含量为acetylene 乙炔acoustic 声波acquisition 征地activate 激活active power 有功功率adapt to 适应adaptability to 适应能力adhesiveness 附着性adjustable current limiting resistor 可调式限流电阻admission 允许进入adverse influence to 对……不利于adverse 不利的AECR (Automatic Excitation Current Regulator)自动励磁电流调节aeration 通风通气affiliate 隶属affix 粘贴afforest 绿化AGC (automatic generating control) 自动发电控制aggregate 骨料aggregating 密集aging 老化AGM (air gap measurement) 气隙测量AI (analog input) 模拟量输入Air compressor 空压机air condition 空调air cooler 空气冷却器air gap 气隙air gap monitoring system 气隙监测系统air housing 风洞air purification device 空气净化装备Air reservoir 储气罐alarm cycles 报警呼叫周期algorithms 算法alias 别名化名aligne 对齐成一线altitude 海拔alignment 校正alkali 碱alleviate 缓和allot 分派alloy steel 合金钢along with 随着Alternate 替补侯选alternating current 交流altitude 海拔altitude difference 交差aluminum alloy 铝合金aluminum spacer 铝制撑条ambient temperature 环境温度ambiguity 含糊、不明确amendment 修改件amicably 友善ammeter 电流表amortisseur bar 阻尼条amortisseur ring 阻尼环amortisseur ring connector 阻尼环接头amortisseur ring pulling rod 阻尼环拉杠amortisseur winding 阻尼绕组amortisseur 阻尼器amortization 分期偿还ample 足够amplitude 振幅amplitude coefficient 振幅系数analog input ( AI) signals 模拟量输入信号analog output ( AO) signals 模拟量输出信号analogue signal 模拟信号analysis 分析anchor bar 锚杆anchorage 锚固ancillary 辅助的、副的ancillary to 附属Anionic(Cationic) 阴 /阳Anneal 退火annealed copper 退火软铜annual forced outage ratio 年强迫停运率annual leakage rate 年泄漏率annuity 年本息anti wear plate 抗磨板anticipate 预期anti-corona layer 防晕层anti-corrosion copper earthing terminals 防锈铜接地端子anti-interference capacity 抗干扰能力anti-pumping 防跳跃anti-water hammer 防水锤AO (analog output) 模拟量输出Apparent 明显Appearance 外观application software 应用软件application tools 应用工具approved products 定型arbitrary 仲裁；公断arc contact 电弧触头arc extinguishing chamber 灭弧室architecture 体系；结构archived as-built drawings 档案竣工图argil 陶土argon arc electrical welding method 氩弧焊方式argon arc electrical 氩弧arm 支臂arm fabricated type 支臂组合式armature 电枢armored ayer 铠装层array of 一批arrestor 避雷器art design 工艺设计artesian 干线artesian 自流井自喷井artificial 人工as pertains to 部分asbestos 石棉asbestos product 石棉制品as-built 竣工ascertain 查明aspire 追求assembling stress 装配应力assembly 装配assignment 转让assume 承担assumption 假定asymmetrical fault 不对称故障asymmetrical short circuit 不对称短路asymmetry 不对称asynchronously 不同步atmospheric over voltage 大气过电压attenuation 衰减attenuator 衰减器attest 证明attorney 委托audible alarming system 音响报警系统AFC(automatic frequency control unit) 自动频率控制ALR(automatic load regulator) 自动负载调节器auspices（under the ～ of ）赞助领导automatic alarm device 自动告警系统automatic bi-directional self-balancing follower自动双相自平衡跟踪装置automatic blow-off valve 自动排气阀automatic elements 自动化元件automatic excitation current regulator 自动励磁电流调节器automatic excitation regulating system 自动励磁调节系统automatic phonetic alarming system 语音电话自动告警系统automatic signal identification 自动识别automatic synchronizing device 自动准同步装置（AVR）automatic thermostatic heater 自动恒温控制加热器automatic voltage regulator 自动电压调节器automatic water spray system 自动喷水系统automatically 自动地autonomous 自发auxiliaries 附属设备AVC (automatic voltage control) 自动电压控制AVR (automatic voltage regulator) 自动电压调节axes 轴axially 轴向axonometric 轴侧法azimuth 方位角B（BDS） Bid Data Sheet 投标资料表（naval） brass 黄铜（oriented）（pre-split）blast (定向)(予警)爆炸（to be）Bound to 一定B/L bill of lading 提货单Babbit metal 巴氏合金back-to-back starting method 背靠背起动方式baffle 缓冲板balance weight 平衡重锤balancing weight 平衡重锤/配重balustrade 栏栅balustrade 护栏balustrade 拉杆banking fire 压火barracks 营房barrier 隔板屏障base plate 基础板base settlement 基础沉降BCDI/BCDO (BCD code input/output) 码输入/输出be galvanized 镀锌be polished 抛光be updated 升级bearing 轴承bearing capacity 承载能力bearing lubricating system 轴承润滑系统bearing pad 轴瓦bearing support 轴承支架bellow 波纹管bellow 伸缩bench 形成台阶beneficiary 受益方BER (Bit Error Rate) 误码率berm 马道between opened gap 断口间Bevel 斜角Bifurcation 分枝岔管BIL (lightning impulse withstand voltage)雷电冲击耐受电压blank endorse 空白背书blister 泡block cylinder 封堵缸体block diagram 框图block stone 块石block 封堵blockage 阻塞blow-off valve 排气阀bolt 螺栓bolts 螺栓book-type 笔记本boom 吊臂booster pump 增压泵borrowing 取土动土bottom plate 底板bottom ring 底环bound separately 独立成册brace 支撑拉条bracket 盖板机架braid 辫子brake piston 制动活塞brake ring 制动环braking friction 制动摩擦braking shoe 制动瓦braking system 制动(停机)系统branch circuit 分支回路brazed joint failure 机械损伤brazing machine 焊机breach 不履行breaking capacity 开断容量breaking load current 开断负荷电流breaking ring 制动环breast walls 防浪墙breather 吸潮器bridge crane 桥式起重机brightness 亮度broach 拉刀brochure 小册子bronze 青铜bruise 擦伤brush holder 刷握buchholtz 瓦斯buckle (由于压力热力)变形buffer layer 缓冲层buffer 缓冲器Bulkhead for water pressure test 涡壳试压封堵盖bulkhead gate 检修闸门bulkhead 堵头burden 负载bus coupler 母联busbar circuit breaker 母联断路器busbar tunnel 母线洞bushing 套管bushing axis 套管轴bushing conductor 套管导体bus-tie 母联butterfly spring 蝶形弹簧buzz 蜂鸣by-pass disconnector 旁路隔离开关C(to be)conversant with 熟练cable 电缆cable clamps 电缆卡具cable conduits 电缆管cable connector 电缆接线器cable general layout 缆总布置图cable joint 电缆接头cable metal protection sheathes 电缆金属护层cable monitoring device 电缆监测装置cable rack and fittings 电缆架及紧固件cable seal-ends 电缆终端cable trays 电缆桥架calcification 钙质calculation capability 运算能力calibration 标准校正caliper 卡钳call 调用calorimetric 卡cantilever 悬臂capacitance cone 电容锥capacitive current 电容电流capacity tariff 容量价capacity 容量capillary 毛细管capital investment 固定资产投资carbon brush 碳刷carbon steel 碳素钢cards frame 插件框架cards 插接板carrying capacity 载流能力cash trees land 经济林cashier’s or certified check本票或保付汇票casing 外壳cast epoxy bushing 环氧模压绝缘套管cast steel 铸钢catalogue cuts 样本摘要categorization 范畴化caterpillar crane 履带起重机cavern 洞室cavitation 空蚀cavity 洞CBFP(circuit-breaker failure protection)断路器故障保护CD-Recorder device 可刻写光盘设备center column 中心柱center frame for measuring 转子测圆架the circularity of rotorcenter frame for measuring 定子测圆架the circularity of statorcenter hub upper and lower disc 中心体上、下园盘center hub vertical rib & supporting plat中心体立筋、撑板central control building 中控楼central control room 中控室central controller of protective relaying information继电保护信息集中管理器centrifugal force 离心力centrifuge 离心certify 证实change over 切换channel automatic changeover 通信自动切换char 炭黑characteristic 特性chassis 底盘check valve 逆止阀chipper 铲头工具chisel 凿chock 垫木chopped wave 截波chopped 载chord 衍铉chromaticity 色度CIECC (China international engineering 中国国际工程咨询公司consulting company)CIF (Cost, Insurance and Freight) 成本加保险费、运费CIP [Carriage and Insurance Paid to (place)]运费和保险费付至(地点) circuit breaker 断路器circuit transformer 电流互感器circular broach 圆拉刀circular hoisting track 环形吊轨circulation fund 流动资金circumferential speed 圆周速度civil works 土建clamping fixture 夹具clarification 澄清classification 分类clear width 净宽clearance 间隙clearance customs 清关clearance 间距clockwise 顺时针CMT(Commissioning and Maintenance Test) 调试及维护试验CNAO(China National Audit Office ) 中国国家审计署cockle 折皱codes 规程cofferdam 围堰cohesion 粘合力内聚力cold rolled silicon steel sheet 冷轧硅钢片cold-roll silicon steel sheet ofgrain orientation withhigh magnetic conductivity 导率高的晶粒取向冷轧硅钢片collar 滑转子打眼collate 比照collector assembly 集电装置collector ring 集电环collision 碰collocate 布置collusive 勾结color photo jet printer 彩色照相喷墨打印机combinational screen wall 组合屏幕墙combined axial load 组合轴向荷载combined tangential and radial key 径,切向复合键combined/intersection network 组合／交汇网combustion chamber 燃烧室commence 开始commissioning 试运行commitment fee 承诺费common mode noise attenuation 共模抑制communication interface 通信接口communication optic fiber cables 通信光缆communication processor and controller 通信处理器及控制器communication protocol 通信规约commutation diode 硅整流二级管commutation diode 整流comparison 比较compartment(alize) 分割小室compatibility 兼容性compatible to 匹配compensating the displacement 位移补偿competent 有能力的competitiveness 竞争性compile 汇编编写compliance with 依照comply （with）满足compo insurance 工伤保险component of negative sequence current 负序电流分量composite video port 复合视频接口composite 混合复合compound materials 复合材料comprise 组成compulsory 强制性的concavity 凹computer supervisory and control system 计算机监控系统conceived 设想concentricity 同心度concise 简明concrete floor 混凝土楼板concrete foundation 混凝土基础concrete pole 水泥杆concrete Pump Truck 砼泵concurrently 同时发生concurs with 同意condensation 收缩condenser mode 调相工况condenser mode 调相condenser operation 调相conducting ring 导电环conductivity 导电conductor 导体conductor screening 导体屏蔽conductor temperature 线芯温度conduit 管道confidential 秘密configuration 外形、轮廓、布置、配置configuration drawing 配置图configuration software 组态软件configuration 配置confiscate 被征用conflict 矛盾conflict 冲突conformity to 附合congregate 组装conical 锥connecting bolt between main shaft and runner主轴与转轮连接螺栓connecting bolt for shaft coupling flange 转轴连接法兰螺栓connecting cable 连接电缆connecting pipe 连接管路connecting studs 接线柱connecting terminals 接线端子connection wires 连接导线consecutive 联续consecutive 连续consent 同意、一致conservation of water and soil 水土保持conservative 保守consigne 委托consignee 收货人consistency 一致性consistent with 一致console 控制台console 台面conspicuous 连续constant frequency and constant voltage 恒频恒压constant 常数constitute 构成组成任命constrainedly 勉强constraint 强制construction substation 施工变电所construe 解释consumable 易耗件contaminate 污染contaminate 弄脏contamination 污染contingency 偶然意外continuous charging capacity 持续充电容量continuous reactive output 持续无功出力contracted 承包contradiction 矛盾contrary to 相反contrast 对照contrast 对比度control cable 控制电缆control cubicle 控制柜control mode selector switch 控制权选择开关control panel 控制盘control protection cable 控制保护电缆control switch for unit start/stop 机组启、停控制开关convene 召开convener 召集人convenient 便利的converge 汇聚conversion accuracy 转换精度convexity 凸conveyance 输送cool state 冷态cooler 冷却器cooling system 冷却系统cooling tube of cooler 冷却器冷却管cooper lugs 铜鼻子coordination 协调copper busbar 铜排copper earthing screw 铜质接地螺钉copper flexible braid 铜编织线copper lug 铜鼻子copper pigtails 铜辨子copper strand wires 铜绞线copper strip 铜片copper wire 铜线core end plate 齿压板core number 芯数corollary 辅助配套corona inception 起晕corrosion 腐蚀corrosion-resistance 抗腐蚀能力corruption 腐败counter clockwise 逆时针counter measures 对策countersign 会签counterweight 配重coupler 电容耦合器coupling flange 连接法兰coupling surface 法兰接合面coupon 附单CPM (Critical Path Method) 关键路径法CPU (Central Processing Unit) 中央处理器CPU redundant CPU冗余crack 裂缝cracking 龟裂crank 曲柄crank shaft box 曲轴箱crawler Hydraulic Pressure Forward Excavator履带式正铲挖掘车crawler-type Surface Hydraulic Drill Rig 履带式露天钻creepage 漏电crest 脊criteria 标准criterion 尺度标准依据critical speed 临界速度critical speed 临界转速cross section 截面cross-check 仔细检查cross-link polyethylene insulation (XLPE) 交联聚乙烯cross-section 截面CRT 屏幕显示器crushed stone 碎石CSCS (computer supervisory and control system)计算机监控系统CT’s (Current transformers) 电流互感器cubicle 柜cultural relics 文物culture 放养current balancing factor 均流系数current carrying area 过流面积current carrying capacity 载流量current density 电流密度current limiting reactor 限流电抗器current 气流current-carrying 载流量cursor 光标cushion layer 过渡层（垫层）cushioning 缓冲custody 监护保管D（as-built）drawing 竣工（partial）discharging 局部放电dacron 涤纶dam crest 坝脊面dam site 坝址damping winding 阻尼绕组damping 阻尼damp-proof 耐潮的damp-proof measures 防潮措施DAQ(Data Acquisition System) 数据采集系统data acquisition 数据采集data acquisition and processing 数据采集与处理data buffer 数据缓冲data light processing projector 数字光处理投影机data sampling 数据采样database management system 数据库管理系统database 数据库DC Dimensional Check 尺寸检查DC 220V distribution cable 直流220V配电电缆DC distribution panel 直流分配电屏DC field flashing circuit 直流起励回路DC flat-wave reactor 直流平波电抗器DC resistance 直流电阻De-aerate 除气debugging 调试debugging terminal 调试终端debugging 调试debur 去毛刺decompose 分解deduct 扣除de-excitation 灭磁deficiency 缺陷deficit 抵债definite time 定时deflection 挠度deflection / deformation 变型degrade 瓦解de-ionize 去离子delineate 描写deliver inductive reactive power 发送感性无功demagnetize 消磁demarcation 勘测demonstrate 论证denominate 给…命名denotation 表示dense 密集dependability 可靠性deposit 料场depreciation 折旧费贬值depression 凹地deprive 剥夺derivative 派生derivative 微分derive 获得deriving from 由…造成de-sicator 干燥器designation 标记destination port 目的港detecting leakage 检漏deterioration 变质detriment 损害deviation 偏差devoman 泥盆纪dewater 压水DI (digital input) 数字输入dial indicator 百分表dialect 方言diaphragm 横膈膜dielectric dissipation factor test 介质损失角测量试验dielectric loss angle 介电损失角dielectric loss 介质损耗dielectric resistance 绝缘电阻dielectric strength test 介电强度试验dielectric 介质diesel generator 柴油发电机differential initiation 微差起爆differential mode noise attenuation 常模抑制differential protection 差动保护differential settlement 变形digital input ( DI) signals 数字量输入信号digital multimeter 数字万用表digital output ( DO) signals 数字量输出信号dike 堤堰坝dilatancy 膨胀diluted 冲淡dip(ped) 倾向(浸)dipped 浸direct axis and quadrate axis 直轴与横轴disburse 支付disc type 圆盘式discharge arcing 晕带discharge counter/ recorder 放电记数器discharge ring 泄流环disconnector 隔离开关disconnector of starting circuit 起动回路隔离开关discrepancy 不符discrete 分立的discretion 处理权限dispute 争议discriminates 区别dismantle 拆装dismantling 拆卸dispatch 调度dispatching calibre 配电能力displacement 位移display picture generation 画面生成disposition 配置dissipation 驱散distinction 区别distinctive seasons 四季分明distinguishability/resolution 分辨率distortion 畸变distribution room 配电室distribution transformer 配电变压器disturbance 扰动diversion 引水divert 转移dividend 分红利divulge 泄漏DLP (Data Light Processing Projector) 数字光处理器DMD (digital micro mirror device) 数字微反射器DO (digital output) 数字量输出dominant 支配double coil, two positionelectromagnetic valve 双线圈两位电磁阀dovetail （key bar）燕型橛dovetail pin 燕尾销dowel pins 定位销down-land 丘陵draft tube lower liner 尾水管下部里衬draft tube 尾水管[(upper /lower) liner] 尾水管[(上/下部)里衬drain valve 排水阀drainage ditches 排水沟drainage 排水draw ring 牵引环, 拉延环drawing software 图形软件DRC 数字式保护校验仪(Digital protection relay checkout device)dredge 疏竣dressing stick 整形棒drift 漂移driving vibrator 单钢轮振动压实机droop characteristic 调差特性DSCR（debt service coverage rate）偿债保证比DSP(digital signal processor) 数字信号处理DTV (draft tube valve) 尾管阀门dump truck 自卸车dumping 缓冲duplicable 可复制的duplicate bus input circuit 双总线输入回路duplicate channel digital oscillograph 双通道数字型示波器duplicate trip coil 双跳闸线圈durable 耐用的dust catcher 粉尘吸附装置dust collecting system 粉尘收集系统DVD-ROM 光盘驱动器dyke of 岩脉dynamic balancing 动平衡dynamic stability 动态稳定性dynamometer 测力计功率计Eearthing current-return wires 接地回流导线earthing grids 接地网earthing steel flats 接地扁钢earthing switch 接地开关earthing terminal 接地端子eccentricity 偏心度eccentricity 偏心ECDC (East China Power Dispatch Center) 华东网调ECIDI (East China Investigation and 华东勘测设计研究院Designing Institute)ecologic 生态eddy current displacement transducer 涡流位移传感器eddy loss 涡流损耗eddy 涡流EDI (Electronic Data Interchange) 电子数据交换EDR (equalizing discount rate) 等值折扣率/调整贴现率education tax 教育税EIA (environmental impact assessment) 环境影响评估elasticity 弹性elasticity 椭圆率elbow 肘管electric braking device 电气制动装置electric breaking breaker 电制动断路器electric clearance 电气间隙electric fan 电动风机electric firing method 电触发方式electric gear shifting 电子换档electric interlock 电气闭锁electric output 电气输出electric quantity transducer 电量变送器electric saw 电锯electric spray valve 电动喷雾阀门electrical braking device 电气制动装置electrical contacts 电接点electrical interlock 电气闭锁electrical magnetic force 电磁力electrically independent, 单极双掷、single-pole normally-open andnormally-closed contact circuit 电气独立的接点电路electric-magnetic performance 电磁性能electro-corrosion resistant property耐电腐蚀能力electro-corrosion 电腐蚀electrolytic 电解electrolytic aluminum alloy 电解铝合金electrolytic copper 电解铜electro-magnetic environment 电磁环境electromagnetic hydraulic valve 电磁液压阀electromagnetic interference 电磁干扰electromagnetic shield 电磁屏蔽electromagnetic starter 电磁启动器electromagnetic valve 电磁阀electro-magnetic wave disturbance 电磁波干扰electromanetism compatible 电磁兼容抗扰度试验anti-interference testelectrostatic filter 静电过滤器electrostatic plate 静电板elevation of runner center line 设备安装高度of pump-turbineeligibility 合格ellipticity 椭圆度elongation 延伸embedded part 预埋件emboss 压花emergency shutdown circuit 紧急停机电路EMF (electro-magnetic flux) 电磁通量EMS (Energy Management System) 能源管理系统emulsification 乳化EN(European Standard) 欧洲标准ENAA (Engineering Advancement 日本项目促进协会Association of Japan)enamel 搪瓷珐琅encapsulate 用胶囊包装enclosed metal cubicle 封闭金属柜enclosure 外壳encoder 编码器end connector 端部接头end hoop of winding 定子绕组的端箍endanger 危及endurance duration 承受时间endurance 耐久/承受energizing pick-up type 带电动作型energy dissipation 消能English edition 英文版epidemic prevention 防疫epoxy encapsulated 环氧浇注epoxy resin 环氧树脂epoxy resin infusion capacitance type 环氧树脂浸渍电容式equalized load 平衡负荷equalizing beam 平衡梁equidistantly 等距离equilibrium 平衡平静equity investment 资本金equivalent 等值erection bay 安装间erection pedestal 安装支墩ergonomically 人类工程学erode 腐蚀escalate 逐步上升escape of oil fumes from the bearing 轴承油雾溢出essential software 基本软件ETD method 检温计法ethernet 以太网ethics 道德EUR (European EUPO) 欧元evacuation 抽出evaporation 蒸发even order harmonic voltage component 偶次谐波电压含有率even order 偶次even 均匀evenness 均匀度excitation control panel 励磁控制盘excitation cubicle 励磁柜excitation grounding detector 励磁接地探测器excitation over-voltage relay 励磁过电压继电器exciting circuit conductor 励磁回路导线execution 执行exert 发挥expansion bolts 膨胀螺栓expansion cards 扩展插件expansion joint 伸缩节expediently 方便expert system interfaces 专家系统接口expiration 期满exponential [数]指数extende 加深extension 延伸节extinguishing device 灭火装置extract active power 吸收有功extruded semi-conducting compound 挤包半导体化合物EXW (Ex factory, ex works or ex warehouse)出厂、出车间或出仓库eye ring of balancing beam 平衡梁套环excitation regulator 励磁调节器excitation system loss 励磁系统损耗excitation transformer 励磁变压器exciter transformer 励磁变excitation panel 磁盘excitation power supply 励磁电源F(empirical ) formula 经验公式（proper） frequency 固有频率3-D FEA 三维有限元fabrication 制造factice 油膏factory Acceptance Test (FAT) 工厂验收实验failure mode 容错模式fatigue (fault) 疲劳faucet 旋塞fault retrospection reviews 事故追忆fault signal 故障信号fault tolerance 容错fault treatment method 故障处理方法FCA (Free Carrier) 货交承运人FD（Flaw Detection）探伤fender-guard 防护(保险杠) ferromagnetic 铁磁ferrule 金属包头festoon 区域fiber-optic connector 光导纤维连接FIDIC (International Federation 国际咨询工程师联合会of Consulting Engineers)field erection 现场安装field pole 磁极field test 现场试验field 磁场filtration 过滤final two years 最后两年finance indicator 经济指标financing 融资findings 调查结果finite element method 有限充分价位finite element method 有限充分价位fire-extinguishing 消防fire-retardant 阻燃firewall 防火墙FIRR (Finance Internal Return Rate) 财务内部收益率first-pole-to-clear 首相开断系数fissure 裂缝fitting 附件fixture 固定体flake （成）薄片flame-retard 阻燃flange 法兰flashing circuit 起励flashover. 闪烙flaw 缺陷flexible connection 软连接flexible fixing 挠性固定flicker 闪烁float gauge 液位计floating point calculation 浮点运算能力floppy disk driver 软盘驱动器flow production method 流水作业法flowmeter 流量计fluctuation 波动flush 冲洗flush-type 嵌入式flux 焊药FOB (Free on Board) 装运港船上交货FOR (forced outage ratio) 强迫停运率formality 手续formula 公式fortify 防御forward voltage drop 正向压降foundation 基础foundation bolt 基础螺栓fracture 碎frame wall 机座壁francis 混流frequency transducers 频率变送器frequency 频率fret 使发热front-end fee 启动费frontispiece 插页FRR (fault retrospection reviews) 事故追忆Fs （safety factor）保安系数full wave 全波full-face steel lining 全断面钢衬full-graphic color VDU 彩色显示器functional keyboard 功能键盘fundamental wave 基波fuses 熔断器Ggable 山墙gall 擦伤galvanize 电镀galvanized steel structure 镀锌钢结构gang 联动gantry 门架gapless arrestor shunted with 与电容器并联的无间隙避雷器capacitorgas pipe 油管gas protection 瓦斯保护gas relay 气体继电器gasket 垫片gateways 远动网关gauge 规,计,表,样板gauge 标准尺、量表GCB (generator circuit breakers) 发动机出口断路器GCC(General Conditions of Contract) 通用合同条款gear operation mechanism 联动操作机构GECH II (General Electric Canada Hydro International Inc) GECI (General Electric Canada Inc)GECII (General Electric Canada International Inc)GEEN (General Electric Energy)generation surplus 窝电generator 发电机generator mode 发电工况generator terminal voltage overshoot 发电机机端电压超调量generator voltage circuit equipment 发电机电压设备generator/motor circuit breaker 发电电动机断路器控制开关control switchgenerator/motor-transformer block 发电电动机-变压器单元geometrical 几何的geomorphology 地貌geotextile filter 滤土工布gland 密封压盖glare 弦光glossary 汇编glossy 有光泽的got rid of from 排除govern 服从government sponsored social 社会统酬insurance fundgovernor pressure oil pipes 调速器压力油管路GPS 卫星同步时钟系统(satellite synchronizing clock system)grace period 宽限期gradation(grade) 级配grade ability 爬坡grain orientation 晶粒方向grand Canal 大运河granite 花岗岩granite porphyry 花岗岩graphical interface support 图形界面支持graphical station 图形站gravity center 重心gravity moment 重力矩gravity retaining wall 重力挡水墙graze 擦伤groove 企口groove 坡口grotto 洞ground fault current 接地故障电流grouser 履带齿片GSI (Geological Strength Index) 地质强度指标guide bearing 导轴承guide bearing loss 导轴承损耗guide bearing pad 导轴衬瓦gully-originated depression 沟源凹地gushe 涌HHalogen 卤素hand compressed air driller 手风钻hand-cart switch 手车式开关handhole 手孔hardened and tempered 调质hard-fill dam 硬填坝hardness 硬度hardware 硬件hardwired link 硬布线连接harmonic analyzer 谐波分析仪harmonic wave test 谐波试验harmonic 谐波harmoniously 和谐地harness 治理harsh class 严酷等级harsh 严酷hatch 吊物孔head cover 顶盖headrace tunnel 引水洞heartfelt thanks 忠心感谢heat endurance lever 耐热水平heat sink 散热器heat-dissipating area 散热区域heat-dissipating 散热hereinafter the same 下同hexagon 六角hierarchical 分层等级high pressure oil lifting device 高压油顶起装置high strength punched thin steel sheet 高强度薄钢板冲片hot standby 热备用hot-dip galvanizing 热浸锌hub 轮彀humidity 湿度hydraulic hoist 液压启闭机hydraulic packing 液压、密封hydraulic thrust 水推力hydraulic wrench 液压扳手hydrogeology 水文地质hydrology 水文hydropower 水电hystersis 迟后hollow 空心homogeneous 均匀homogeneous 同类的、均匀的homologous to 相似horizontal acceleration 水平加速度hot set test 热延伸特性试验hot spot oil temperature 热点油温hoisting 起吊holder rack 支架holding company 控股公司high-conductance 热导性hoist 卷扬机high voltage neutral bushing 高压中性点套管IIBRD (International Bank for 国际复兴开发银行Reconstruction and Development)ICC (International Chamber of Commerce) 国际商会IDA (International Development Association) 国际开发协会ideal 理想identical 相同一致identification system 标识系统identification 区别IFB (Invitation for Bids) 招标邀请imitative operation test 模拟动作试验immune to 不受影响免除immunity 免除免疫impact 冲击impact 影响impair 损害妨碍影响impaired mode 容错impedance 阻抗impedance protection relay 阻抗保护继电器impedance voltage 阻抗电压impedance 阻抗impede 妨碍impeller 叶轮impending 迫近imperative 迫切imperfection 缺陷impervious（blanket）防渗（阻漏毡）implementation 实施impregnate 充填饱和impregnate 充填impulse withstand voltage 雷电冲击耐受电压In the light of 由于inadequate 不充足inaugurated 就职典礼incandescent 白炽的incidental 附带incineration 烧尽焚化火葬inclined cable shaft 电缆斜井inclinometers 倾斜仪inclusions 夹杂income tax 所得税incoming line circuit breaker 进线断路器inconsistent/consistent 不一致/一致increment 增量increments 增加incur 招至损失indemnify …….against（from）保护..避免indemnity 赔偿independent duplicate 独立双调节通道regulating channelindex 指标indispensable for 必不可少的indispensable 不可缺少的，必不可少的indoor 户内induced current 感应电流induced voltage 感应电压induced 诱发inductance 电感industrial television monitoring system工业电视监视系统inertia (GD2) 惯性inevitable 不可避免inferior to 次于infiltration 渗透infinite 无限inflation 膨胀率infrared temperature detector 红外线测温仪infrared 红外线infringement 违反ingress 进入inherent 固有inhibit 禁止initial corona discharge voltage 起晕电压initial cost estimate 投资估算initial 最初initiating 起动inlet line 进线inlet valve body 进水阀阀体inlet valve pressure oil pipes 进水阀压力油管路inlet valve rotor 进水阀活门inlet valve sealing ring 进水阀止水环inlet valve servomotor cylinder 进水阀接力器缸体inlet valve servomotor piston 进水阀接力器活塞inlet valve shaft 进水阀轴inner circulating type with runner self pumping镜板泵内循环方式inner stator circumference 定子内圆innovate 创新改革inquiry/inquire 查寻inside-bridge wiring connection 内桥接线in-situ 自然位置，原位置insolvency 破产inspection window 观察窗institutional 职能instruction to applicant 申请人须知instrument 仪器insulation 绝缘insulation oil 绝缘油insulation resistance 绝缘电阻insulation strength 绝缘强度insulation withstand voltage test 绝缘耐受电压insulator 绝缘子intact 未经受损的intangible and deferred assets 递延和无形资产integral 积分integrity 完整性intelligent 智能型intensity 强度interbeds 夹板intercalated with 夹intercepting trenches 截洪沟interchangeable 可互换的interchangeable 互换interconnect 互连interface 接口interim operating 临时运行interlock 闭锁interlocking circuit 闭锁电路interlocking device 闭锁装置intermediate floor 中间层ITB (Instructions to Bidders) 投标者须知iron core loss 铁芯损耗iron core tooth pressing plat 铁芯齿压板iron core lamination 铁芯片isolated phase enclosed bus 离相封闭母线isolated phase enclosed bus bar 离相封闭母线isolated phase enclosed busbar of main circuit主回路离相封闭母线irreversible 不可逆irrevocable 不可撤消inundation 淹没inventory 库存inventory 财产目录实物盘存inversing 转换inverted field discharge 逆变灭磁inverter 逆变器intrinsic frequency 固有频率J(3-boom hydraulic) jumbo (三臂)凿岩机(anti-)jamming (防)卡(contraction) joint 伸缩缝jacking pads 顶起垫jacking 千斤顶jeopardize 危害jig 装配架夹具journal 日记、轴颈JPEPC(Jiangsu Provincial Electric Power Company)江苏省电力公司JPPC（Jiangsu Province Pricing Bureau）江苏省物价局JSPDC (Jiangsu Provincial Power Dispatch Center )江苏网调JVA (Joint Venture Agreement) 合资协定JVC (joint voltage control) 组电压控制isolated phase enclosed busbar 离相封闭母线IT(information technology) 信息技术interposing relay 中间继电器interposing （relays）中间（继电器）intuitively 直觉intersection angle 夹角intrinsic 固有内在的intrusion 侵入Kkerosene 煤油key 键key way broach 键槽拉刀keyboard 键盘kind affect 实物影响kick-off meeting 碰头会L"Limited Slip" rear axle 防滑后桥in lieu of 替代label 标志labyrinth ring 止漏环ladder 梯子lagging 滞后laminated silicon steel sheet 硅钢叠片lamination (factor) 叠压(系数) lamination segments of the rim (扇形)磁轭冲片LAN (Local Area Network) 局域网land (ac)requisition 征地large scale integrated circuit 大规模集成电路laser printer 激光打印机lash 捆绑latch 锁lateral 横向侧面latitude 行动或言论自由LAU(Launcher Unit)Layout 布置LCD(Liquid Crystal Display)LCGEP(Least Cost Generation Expansion Plan)最低价支付计划LCU (local control unit) 现场控制单元leading power factor mode 进相leading power factor 进相工况leading wire 引线leakage current test 泄漏电流测定legend 图例legible 醒目length of antenna feeder 天线馈线长度liability 负债life projection 寿命预测lift ring 吊环lifting lug 吊耳lighting equipment 照明设备light color and matt-paint 浅色无光漆limit switch 限位开关line voltage 线电压line voltage wave form distortion factor线电压波形畸变率lines of credit 信贷资金link 连接器liquid assets 流动资金liquid level transducer 液位变送器liquidate 清算liquidated damages 违约金literature 文字litho logical Units 岩性litigation 诉讼。

Compass application

Compass application

（1）Geodetic coordinate system
Geodetic coordinate refers to the latitude and longitude which belongs to the space coordinate system Rectangular coordinate system refers to X and Y coordinate, which belongs to the plane coordinate system
WGS-84 System
（2） Map projection system
TM: From the geometric sense put the imaginary an ellipse column sleeve outside earth reference ellipsoid , and tangent with the central meridian, the central shaft of ellipse Axis is locate on the equator of the ellipsoid . According to the projection conditions , the intersection of latitude and longitude lines in the certain longitude difference scope from the east and west of meridian will is projected on the surface of elliptic cylinder, and expand the cylinder into a plane to obtain the projection.

智能电子设备（IED）轨迹管理手册说明书

智能电子设备（IED）轨迹管理手册说明书

As part of their Smart Grid initiatives, utilities have been deploying large numbers of Intelligent Electronic Devices (IEDs) to implement advanced automation systems. However, they are discovering the high cost of maintaining these devices. Originally considered as essentially capital intensive, projects in the electrical sector have seen increasing operational costs as utilities are faced with devices that require complex commissioning as well as regular firmware updates and security patches.In the same manner, as operators of large vehicle fleets have implemented “Fleet Management” programs supported by advanced software, utilities must now look for automated solutions to manage their IED fleets in order to tackle the ever increasing operational expenses.In this paper, we will discuss some of the basic functions required for managing large fleets of IEDs, the solutions that have been developedto help utilities meet North American Electric Reliability Corporation Critical Infrastructure Protection (NERC CIP) cybersecurity requirements, and how these solutions can also be applied to help utilities manage the IEDs being deployed in distribution automation systems.ContentsAdapting to today’s technology (2)Managing the device lifecycle (2)Managing devices inside the fence (2)Managing devices outside the fence (3)Summary (4)Conclusion (6)Managing intelligent electronic devices2White Paper WP913001ENEffective March 2016Managing intelligent electronic devicesEATON Adapting to today’s technologyPower distribution systems, which are essentially static, are increasingly becoming “active” and perform advancedcoordinated real-time functions such as Fault Location Isolation and Service Restoration (FLISR), real-time power network status reporting, VAR Management and Voltage Optimization and Control. While this technological evolution leads to valuable benefits, it also brings important new operational challenges. Advanced automation systems are built out of large numbers of programmable electronic devices, coming from a variety of vendors. All of these devices are expected to interoperate and exchange data in a secure and reliable manner.However, there has been a significant change in paradigm. Traditional OT (Operational Technology) systems were designed to be long lasting and made of simple technology, using simpleprotocols, with little or no security. Once operational, they were not expected to change.On the contrary, modern automation systems are increasinglyinheriting some of the characteristics of IT (Information Technology) systems:•The systems are becoming much more dynamic with a much shorter life expectancy•The devices are more complex and the firmware must be updated regularly in order to address:• security vulnerabilities• programming errors •simply to add new functions•Devices need to be replaced as their components rapidly become obsolete and are no longer manufactured•Each new generation of devices seems to implement new technologies and protocolsChange has thus become a fundamental characteristic of modern automation systems and must now be taken into account.The true benefits of modern automation systems will only be achieved if the cost of managing devices can be brought under control.Managing the device lifecycleLarge organizations have developed a significant body of knowledge, standards, and best practices in the management of largenumbers of networked devices used for their business operations. Implementing and maintaining large business networks requires a team of IT specialists that use specialized asset management tools such as Network M anagement Systems to assist in their tasks. In many cases, all the networking technology and tools will be selected from a single vendor to ensure seamless integration and complete control of the device lifecycle, from the initialcommissioning to its secure disposal. Modern devices can often obtain their configuration settings automatically from the Network Management System and become operational as soon as they are plugged in.This approach is very different from the evolutionary path that automation systems have been following. Communications, interoperability, and security have generally been secondary considerations as engineers selected “best of breed” devices, from a variety of vendors, according to their functional capabilities. Commissioning a device requires numerous manual operations, often using a proprietary software tool connected to a serial maintenance port. Up until now, this was not an issue since the automation system was often deployed as part of a largerproject, with very little changes expected or planned once it is commissioned.But, the reality of new devices is such that these systems areno longer static and need to be maintained, devices updated, or simply replaced. As utilities extend their communication networks to integrate ever-increasing numbers of devices in new applications, it will no longer be cost-effective to manage the system manually and some form of automatic configuration is inevitable.While vendors of networking devices and proponents of the Internet of Things (IoT) have been promoting a vision of plug-and-play devices and zero-touch deployment, the whole process of commissioning electrical controls such as protection relays, voltage regulators, recloser controls, and capacitor bank controls, from a variety of vendors, is much more complex and will remain so for the foreseeable future.While there are efforts to extend standards such as DNP3 and IEC 61850 to include device properties and configuration settings, these have not yet been widely adopted by the industry. The task of managing devices used in automation systems thus requires specialized knowledge and experience that can only be expected from vendors in the electrical sector. Fortunately, as we will see in the next section, such applications are already available.Managing devices inside the fenceThe electrical substation is the host of a large number of IEDs, from a variety of vendors, used for protection, metering, monitoring, and communications. Utilities that operate transmission substations were the first to implement automated device management systems, originally to reduce operational costs, but also to help meet compliance requirements.One of the first applications to be automated was the retrieval of power system event and fault data from Digital Fault Recorders (DFR), in order to meet NERC PRC reliability requirements. Many utilities thus chose to connect their substations and deploy automated event retrieval software to eliminate the high cost of having skilled technical personnel drive to the substation simply to manually retrieve event data.Automated event retrieval was thus the first application of Eaton’s IED Manager Suite (IMS) software, allowing utilities to:• Handle faults in a timely manner • Reduce operational costs•Reduce the average duration of interruptions (SAIDI), a key performance metric used to set ratesDeploying TCP/IP networks to the substations and installingadvanced data concentrators had the additional benefit of providing the capability to manage devices remotely, further reducing operational costs. However, providing remote access to devicesalso opened a potential security issue which was rapidly addressed by NERC.Utilities that operate transmission substations have to comply with the NERC CIP standards and have to put policies and procedures in place to ensure the security of the devices used to implement critical functions in the Bulk Electric System (BES).Complying with the NERC CIP standards involves much more than complying with technical requirements. Utilities have toproviding evidence that their operational processes comply with the requirements. Managing lists of devices, firmware versions, users, access permissions, and passwords update history are all operations that can be much better handled by a device management software than manually through the use of spreadsheets.For many utilities, the business case for automating device management has thus been the ability to reduce operational costs through secure remote access in addition to implementing tools to automate NERC CIP compliance. Device management software, such as Eaton’s IMS, provides the “intermediate device” functionality required to meet the NERC CIP standards for remote access as well as the additional functions required to help utilities achieve compliance, such as:3White Paper WP913001ENEffective March 2016Managing intelligent electronic devices EATON • Centralised user management• Integration with Microsoft Active Directory • Security event logging and monitoring•Hiding device passwords through automatic loginWhile most large utilities have deployed some type of assetmanagement software at the enterprise level, these systems are typically static and the information must be entered manually. IT Network Management Software, also typically used by large utilities, has generally been unsuccessful in handling IEDs because of the lack of standard protocols to interrogate substation devices and programmatically extract information such as firmware versions, serial numbers, and device settings.Device management software designed for the electrical sector, such as Eaton’s IED Manager Suite, implement device drivers for all common devices used in the electrical sector and support the functions required for managing the device’s lifecycle for CIP compliance.For instance, the CIP-007-5 standard requires that utilities evaluate and deploy firmware updates and security patches in a timely manner, and be able to provide evidence to that effect.Eaton’s IMS Configuration Manager module:•Retrieves device settings, firmware versions, and serial numbers, on demand, or on a scheduled basis• Provides the capability to set a baseline version• Detect changes and automatically notify system operators •Generates all applicable compliance and operational reportsThe IMS Password Module also helps in meeting password management requirements by providing the capability toautomatically update devices with complex passwords in addition to maintaining a history of all passwords changes for a device.Utilities that have deployed device management software to provide secure remote access and automate many of the most labor-intensive aspects of CIP are now reporting additional unexpected benefits. Because substation devices can be accessed securely, departmental silos are breaking up, leveraging the communications infrastructure to provide access to multiple departments that require substation data for a variety of applications such as power quality or device condition monitoring. The time and effort required during the investigation of outages and power restoration is reducedthrough improved access to devices and the capability to remotely change settings during emergencies and weather events.Device management systems are thus providing proven benefits for the operators of transmission substations. In the next section we will discuss how the experience gained through the use of these systems can be applied to operators of large fleets of distribution automation devices.Managing devices outside the fenceAs we have discussed, the high cost of compliance to NERC standards provides a clear-cut business case for implementingautomated management of substation devices. What is the business case for devices used as part of distribution automation systems?While the transmission substation can be characterized by the large variety of different devices installed in a single location, distribution automation is characterized by the large number of identical devices deployed throughout a large geographical area. The operational challenges will thus be very different.Experience gained while working with utilities that are deploying large fleets of distribution automation devices has provided us with a better understanding of the areas where operational costs are the most significant. Distribution automation devices aregeographically dispersed, therefore remote management becomesa cost effective alternative to an expensive truck roll. Bulk settings and firmware updates are the most common operations that can be performed remotely.As utilities deploy their distribution automation systems, they gain a better understanding of the operation of their electrical network and will often need to change device operational settings from the original values. While some setpoints are mapped to DNP3 data points, not every setting is available through SCADA or DM S, and some changes need to be performed using the device configuration tool. Providing remote maintenance access to the device will obviously be less costly than driving to the site. Furthermore, this is an obvious application for a device management application such as Eaton’s IMS Update Manager that can automatically perform a requested update on a large number of devices in parallel, instead of having qualified technical personnel remotely log in to individual devices to change settings. With thousands of devices to update, these operations rapidly become tedious, error prone, and very time consuming.As mentioned previously, firmware updates are the new reality in power system automation. As devices become more complex and perform more functions, they expose more programming errors and security vulnerabilities. While updating device settings is generally a short and straightforward operation, firmware updates require the transfer of larger data files and take muchlonger to perform with the communication speed provided by most distribution automation communication networks. Having qualified technical personnel sit in front of a maintenance tool watching a progress bar slowly creep forward is simply not a cost effective operation.As a ballpark figure, imagine an operation that requires at least30 minutes performed, on a thousand devices, at an hourly cost in the range of $100 per hour to appreciate the potential costsavings of having the operation performed automatically, with no operator intervention.Firmware and setting updates are applications where the reality of distribution automation is very different than the realities of substation automation. Because of the criticality of substationdevices, utilities generally prefer to be on site to perform operations such as firmware updates. Eaton has thus developed the IMS Update Manager module primarily to meet the requirements of distribution devices that are typically less critical and where it is simply not cost effective to perform updates manually.Automating the process of keeping track of device configuration settings also makes sense from the perspective of operational best practices, even if it is not a compliance requirement. Therefore, Eaton’s IMS Configuration Manager module can be a valuableengineering tool as it stores all device settings in a readily accessible database and can be used to ensure that devices are configured as expected.Finally, most utilities will not consider managing device passwords as a very high priority for distribution devices. However, this will change in the future as it is expected that cybersecurity requirements will certainly extend to the distribution network.4White Paper WP913001ENEffective March 2016Managing intelligent electronic devicesEATON SummaryThe following table summarizes the business case for IEDfleet management for transmission substations as well as fordistribution networks.FunctionSubstation automationDistribution automation5White Paper WP913001ENEffective March 2016Managing intelligent electronic devices EATON Figure 1. Eaton’s IED manager suite modulesEaton1000 Eaton Boulevard Cleveland, OH 44122 United States © 2016 EatonAll Rights ReservedPrinted in USAPublication No. WP913001EN March 2016Eaton is a registered trademark.All other trademarks are propertyof their respective owners. Managing intelligent electronic devicesWhite Paper WP913001ENEffective March 2016ConclusionAs we have seen, the business case for fleet management software for substation automation is very different than that for distribution automation.The main drivers for automating at the substation level have been cybersecurity and compliance with the NERC CIP standards. To help utilities automate this aspect of their operations, Eaton has developed the IED Manager Suite software applications. For the distribution network, the main drivers are the very large number of devices and their geographic dispersion. Eaton’s IMS Update Manager will thus be a valuable tool to automate the process of updating device settings and firmwares, while the IMS Configuration Manager will help keep track of device configurations. In both types of applications, utilities will benefit from the asset management capabilities and comprehensive reporting provided by Eaton’s IED Manager Suite software.。

一种新型往复式链式输送设备的结构设计

一种新型往复式链式输送设备的结构设计

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Equipment Manufactring Technology NO.2 , 2007
一种新型往复式链式输送设备的结构设计
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R G : 介绍了一种新型往复式链式自动化生产线的结构特点 , 从结构设计上阐述了在一条输送线上实现相同速度两个不同方向、 的物 料输送。 TUV : 往复式 ; 生产线 ; 开发应用 W/XYZ : TH2 33 [\]^_: A [‘aZ: 1 672 —545 X ( 20 07) 0 2- 006 2- 02

刘一男考研词汇5500+电子版教材

刘一男考研词汇5500+电子版教材

考研词汇5500主讲：刘一男AAnglen.角Alps 阿尔卑斯山 Altai阿尔泰山1, 浊清互变 p/b t/d k/g f/v 2, 平卷音互换 s/sh c/ch t/th p/ph 3，近亲字母互换r/l/n er elacidn.酸,尖酸的a.酸的an a ang =acachev.痛，刺痛n.疼痛,酸痛acutea.敏锐的,尖锐的;(疾病)急性的ute-名词或形容词后缀minute mini +uteacute sense of smell 灵敏的嗅觉agonyn.苦恼,痛苦ony（谐音“爱过你”）architectn.建筑师1, 浊清互变 p/b t/d k/g f/v 2, 平卷音互换 s/sh c/ch t/th p/ph 3，近亲字母互换r/l/n er = el-名词后缀英语单词发展的三变化：tect=cover t =toparch拱形 arc弧形 ang角度t ect盖子r ect直立 j ect喷射f ect制造、改造detect发现，察觉rectify纠正inject注射affect影响，感动tect rect ject fecttop right jet fact事实 finger手指 feel抚摸 fist拳头foot脚 factory工厂浊清互变dentist牙医 artist艺术家scientist科学家do did donego went walk散步talk谈话 teach讲 tell告诉tongue way inward backwarddent d-toothadaptv.(to)(使)适应,适合;改编,改写apt容易be apt to 容易…adaptationn.改编;适应agitatev.鼓动,搅动;搅拌ag=actdistinct截然不同的 inct=ing-无义aviationn.航空,飞行联想：（爱飞）av-鸟aviary养鸟笼social社会的 actual现场的、活的Bblackboard黑板black黑色 blue蓝色 blush红色blood血 blond金色 blank空白的红黑褐灰黄粉 h fboard板子 bar柜台 boat船 bed床bone骨头 bench板凳aboardad.在船(飞机,车)上,上船（飞机,车）prep.在（船,飞机,车）上,上（船,飞机,车）a-at-在abundancen.丰富,充裕abundanta.(in)丰富的,充分的,充裕的abound 丰富、充裕bound边界board+er =border边缘beamn.(横)梁,桁条;(光线的)束,柱stream小溪 string琴弦 street大街 stripe条纹 strap皮带b-梆子abolishv.废除,取消finish完成 final最终的vanish消失 van词根：走 pan盘子fan扇子 clan家族 scan扫描 scout侦察机、侦察员r/l/nv/w van=wentborn～bor～bol生beneficial adj. 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(of) 控告，谴责curse 骂人c- 嘴，唱歌；走；抓fuse 熔丝，保险丝campn.野营,营地;帐篷,阵营v.设营,宿营lamp lumen light lanten luxstamp跺脚盖邮戳邮票camp g-genius generategrass grain green growgeometry metre geog ccampaignn.战役;运动sign标志campusn.(大学)校园casuala.偶然的,碰巧的;临时的,非正式的decidecidaccidentincidentcidcatalogue catcatastroph stardoom boomcatacasualtyn.伤亡人员;受害人catalog/cataloguen.目录(册)v.编目(录)categoryn.种类,类目，分类cut leg negative cathedral（可十一桌儿）n.大教堂Catholica.天主教的n.天主教徒cat hol ic wholeworkholiccattlen.牛;牲口,家畜cautionn.小心,谨慎;警告,告诫v.警告cauterise 烤precaution 预警cautiousa.(of)小心的,谨慎的ceasev./n.停止,终止please fease ible increase growlease lendcensusn.人口普查(调查)(散射式)ceremonyn.典礼,仪式;礼节,礼仪Cerescerealmeatcharacterfactory factn.性格,品质,特性,特征;人物,角色;字符,(汉)字cutcharacteristica.(of)特有的,独特的n.特征,特性characterize/characterisev.表示...的特性;描述...特性charityn.慈善(团体),仁慈,施舍cherishv.珍爱;怀有chasev./n.追逐,追求chess棋SCHOOL SGOOL orchard oral garden er elchronica.(疾病)慢性的;积习难改的;严重的,坏的chron=timecrow-chronsynchronize同步circlen.圆,圆周;圈子,集团;周期,循环bicyclecurse burse bag purse 泊暴堡accuse turn 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exchangenomyeconomicala.节约的,经济的economicsn.经济学,经济情况economyn.节约;经济ediblea.可以吃的,可食用的elastica.弹性的n.松紧带,橡皮圈elementn.元素;组成部分elementarya.初等的;基本的Faffiliatev.使隶属(或附属)于n.附属机构,分公司filial fildescendantascenddescendrail sail nail tail fail fall fountain feeble faintaffirmv.断言,肯定conferv.商谈,商议;授予,赋予fist fan feel finger footpan clan scanconferencen.会议,讨论会parliamentferinferinferiorinfra-structurestructpregnant genius generatefactory hectic struct stream strait string stripe streetstrain strapstructurestere- stereo solosphere-infra- inferultra violetconfessv.供认,承认,坦白,忏悔kiss kettlef=phprofessorprofessionfessphone bonemetaphor metaprophet fessconfinev.(to,within)限制,局限于;管制,禁闭finefinishfinalline wine mine finedefinitedefinev.给…下定义;限定,规定definitea.明确的,肯定的,限定的definitionn.定义,解释financefinancialfinefeeconformv.(to)遵守,依照,符合,顺应normal abnormal enormousneitherwormuniformconfusev.使混乱,混淆confusionn.混乱,混淆diffusev.扩散;传播,散布a.(文章等)冗长的,漫无边际的;四散的,弥漫的fall fountainfuseaccusecursedeformv.(使)变形performformidable feareffectn.(on)作用,影响;结果;效果,效力v.产生,招致effectivea.有效的,生效的efficiencyn.效率;功效efficienta.有效的,效率高的;有能力的,能胜任的effortn.努力,艰难的尝试fect fort fordforceaffordignorant i-im gn=know ant 堡groan loan 呻 gr cry critic crazycrowr l n w v ussh t th c ch山水人车famine line wine gasoline famous fame n.饥荒,饥馑（发米乏米）faren.车费,船费v.过活,进展fee 费fascinate inatev.迷住,强烈吸引fatiguen.疲劳ic ueite idfaintfaxn./v.传真(机,件);传真传输（facsimile摹写传真）facile fact ffeasiblea.可行的，可操作的fease lease租借租约 lend please pl-说请 increase growfeastn.节日;宴会festivaln.节日;音乐节;戏剧节fest 触碰 touchfemininea.女性的;娇柔的femalea.女的,雌的fertilea.肥沃的,富饶的;能繁殖的fertilizer/fertilisern.肥料transfer转学转移 taketile瓦片瓦粒feudala.封建的，封建制的，庄园制fieldformn.形状,形式;表格v.组成,构成;形成norm neitherformala.正式的;形式的formationn.形成,构成formera.以前的,在前的pron.前者formula([pl.]formulae)n.公式,程式formulatev.构想,规划;系统地阐述fundn.资金,基金fundamentala.基础的,基本的n.[pl.]基本原则,基本原理furiousa.狂怒的,狂暴的,猛烈的fierce fire meter metre theatretheater seefurnacen.炉子,熔炉furnacealter otheralter natesugar cigar vinegargarlicfurnituren.家具，设备furn-fixfusen.保险丝,导火线,引信v.熔化,熔合ac cuse curse 骂诅咒人ggainv.获得,博得;增加,(钟,表)走快n.收益,得益galaxyn.星系;[the Galaxy]银河(系);一群(杰出或著名的人物)axy policy pole acy democracy demo c racy dem on str ate demo mangalleryn.长廊,画廊,美术馆gallantgallopv./n.奔驰,飞奔waloper walkgo went(赶老婆)geniusn.天才genuinea.真正的,名副其实的fakegeographic(al) grapha.地理(学)的geographyn.地理(学)graphgrave 坟墓，铭记，碑刻 wavepavephotographgeologyn.地质(学)ology loggeometryn.几何(学) metergiantn.巨人a.巨大的gigantica.巨大的,庞大的（g-土大）rigid migratev.胶合,粘贴Hhazardn.危险,冒险,危害v.冒险,拼命（harm）heirn.继承人he+irherinherent 内在的固有的heritage 遗产inherit 继承hemispheren.半球hemi=half-半vert invert倒置 vert whirl急转弯wheel车轮 while然而 where when whowhat 什谁啥孰vol volume involve卷入，连累spin 飞梭sphere球体r~ l~ nline ene eme ere ele telephonestere立体 stereosterestructure结构 construct建造建立hesitatev.犹豫,踌躇;含糊,支吾hesitationn.犹豫,踌躇cohesive 黏着的hesion 吸引力hes =her –词根：黏着，粘贴coherent 粘在一起的her-heshospitalityn.好客,殷勤,款待hostilea.敌对的,敌方的,敌意的Benefit利益，恩惠 benign良性的better best badnicehypothesisn.假说,假设,前提behindHypnus[希神]许普诺斯(睡眠之神,与罗马神话中的Somnus为同一神)hypocrisy伪善hypocrite伪君子hystericala.情绪异常激动的,歇斯底里的Iidentity cardidenticala.(to.with)同一的,同样的identificationn.识别,鉴别identifyv.识别,鉴别;(with)把...和...看成一样,打成一片idiomn.习语idiot白痴idlea.空闲的,闲置的;无用的,无效的;懒散的v.空费,虚度idlenessn.懒惰;赋闲无事ignitev.点火,引燃ignatiusvolcanoignorancen.无知,愚昧;不知道ignoranta.无知的,愚昧的;不知道的ignorev.不理,不顾,忽视i gnore-knowknit打结more多score分数，得分，二十imrecognize再认出comilliteratea. 文盲的,未受教育的im in liter letter字母illuminatev.照亮,照明il in im lumin lumen流明灯illustratev.举例说明,阐明;图解,加插图illustrationn.说明,例证;图解lumen lamp lantern light luxury 奢侈品 lux lus luc 光il lus tractor tract attractimmensea. 广大的,巨大的im mense-meter missile misskiss man-手 miss 投掷 missmitimmersev.使沉浸在;使浸没merse- merge-没 emerge浮现immigranta.(从国外)移来的,移民的n.移民,侨民im migrate移民 migerate rigid rig rect 直 hect高 fect做 real rightmig m-move mote mute migmobimplementn.[常pl.]工具,器具，用具v.贯彻,实现loyal忠诚 alloy 制造合金 loy 绑 royal roy r right real rectemploy雇佣 ploy pl-用apply申请应用 please pl-用implementimplicita. 不言明的,含蓄的;(in)固有的;无疑问的;无保留的play表演 explain解释 please请 pl-说in +plic +it =implicit index([pl.]indexes,indices)n.索引;指标,标志;指数v.附以索引,编入索引finger digit手指 digital数字digit exit dig挖掘section部分 sect切分—sex性别segment 片段部分 g-ct-xlecture讲座 lect legend传奇mix mingle混乱混淆indignanta.愤慨的,愤慨不平的indignationn.愤怒,愤慨im +dign-尊严 +antdign dynastyindispensablea.(to,for)必不可少的,必需的dispensable不重要的 pens-钱价值pension抚恤金年金 expensive昂贵的 compensate 赔偿 pens-钱bill money penny 便士 way clay粘土 pay工资individuala.个人的,单独的;独特的n.个人,个体divide 划分inertian.不活动,惰性;惯性ert动 ear alert警惕的 artery 动脉 factoryinevitablea. 不可避免的,必然发生的invade入侵 vade v-w vent prevent vent ven-走 avenue大道 revenue财政收入vade ——vit –走in-不能 e往外 vit=vade-走 able能..的ingeniousa. 机灵的;有独创性的;精制的genius天才 gen-生 g-Gaea genpregnant怀孕的 pregnancy怀孕ingredientn.组成部分,成分gred greg集合 segregate隔离 leg neg greg集合、聚集、增长 grain农作物gen-生 gn-知道 know-gn-知道 gn-生——grgred=greg集合instanta.立即的,直接的;紧迫的;(食品)速溶的,方便的n.瞬间,时刻instantaneousa.瞬间的,即刻的instantlyad.立即,即刻instinctn.本能,直觉,天性stinct-sting-刺，刺激instituten.学会,研究所;学院v.设立,设置,制定institutionn.公共机构,协会,学校;制度,惯例st-站立itute polite ite minute uteituteinsulatev.隔离,孤立;使绝缘,使绝热insul island 岛屿 ant isolate隔离使孤独 sole唯一 hole洞穴 same同一的 single唯一sole sulisol-isl-insulaisle 耳廊侧廊insulatorn.绝缘体,绝缘子intacta.完整无缺的,未经触动的,未受损伤的tact -touchcontact接触 facttact~tegintegrala.构成整体所必需的;完整的integratev.(into,with)(使)成为一体,(使)结合在一起,(使)合并integrityn.正直,诚实;完整,完全intensea.强烈的,剧烈的;热烈的,热情的tend～ tense expand expansionintensityn.强烈,剧烈;强度intensivea.加强的,集中的,深入细致的interpretv.翻译,解释,说明;口译inter pr etpray祈祷 preach演讲 teach tell talk tongue bleach漂白火金水土木红黄burn brass黄铜 bronze青铜brand烙印，商标 blue black blushblondbleach漂白preach演讲 pray祈祷prparlor客厅 parliament议会，国会 parl-说parlor客厅 parliament议会，国会 parl-说beat打 feat功绩 neat干净 repeat复述 p-说 poem诗 poet诗人parl说 parlor客厅 parliament国会、议会parl——pr-说downdrown淹死溺水（drop-掉）down低 dwarf 侏儒born生 breed 繁殖short缩短 shrink 缩水 shrewd 精明的 smart 聪明的 smile微笑 small小 smoke烟 smog雾parl-说 pr-说 pr-前 pr-pl-说 explain解释 play表演 light光线 night黑夜（no light） fight打架 plight盟誓，情报intricatea.错综复杂的,复杂精细的intr—— inter icateirritatev.激怒,恼火,使急躁i?? in imridiculous荒谬的可笑 rid 笑 ridicule奚落嘲笑rid笑rid=ritirritate 激怒恼怒rid rit risrisible 爱笑的喜欢笑的issuev.流出,放出;发行,发表,颁布n.发行(物),(报刊)期号;问题,争论点,争端is ex essay散文随笔 fiction小说虚构ex es is e ~ i fict fect line scene风景一场戏fect lecture lingua lick legneg elect lect选 collect挑选Llatituden.纬度attitude态度 altitude海拔高度ite +ute =itute =itude 复合名词后缀cat抓 pat拍 wat水 lat拉扯longitude 经线launchv.发射;使(船)下水,发动,开展n.发射,下水satellite卫星sat=setlancelaundryn.洗衣房(店);待洗衣物,所洗衣物lavatoryn.厕所,盥洗室lave洗 wave波涛 pave铺路leisuren.空闲,闲暇;悠闲,安逸at leisure从容地,有空leis =let-让容许谐音“镭射”loann.贷款;出借,借出v.借出groan呻吟 cr- cry crow crazy acre 亩 ground agroloan l=lendloungen.休息室,起居室,客厅,长沙发词源 long谐音“老子”Mman手m-山、多m-movemacroscopica.宏观的macro major maj-mag jail 监狱 gaol痂接介给magnitude众多大量mag-macro-大 scop- 看scope范围视野 stop暂停throp词根：群 scop视野malfunctionn./v.失灵;功能失常maltreatv.虐待male-男性–坏好manifesta.明白的,明了的v.表明,证明,显示manipulatev.操纵,控制;应付,处理 manual手的手册man +i +festmarvelous/marvellousa.惊人的,奇迹般的,妙极的marine 海的海洋marvelous/marvellousa.惊人的,奇迹般的,妙极的marine 海的海洋submarine 海底ive+el+ous=velousmar-mirmanage minister管家大臣male militant好斗的 military军事的same similar相似的miracle奇迹mirror镜子miragemar-mirmar大海 car小汽车 bar 小木棒measurablea.可测量的measuremeasmeter mend mens meassymmetry对称 tremendoustr-through trans- form one toanotherdimension维度measure尺寸测量merchandisen.商品,货物 v.经商merchant商人merc commerce商业 commercial商业的merch ant isemercury 水银Mercury 水星meritn.优点,价值,长处v.值得,应得merry 快乐mercy 仁慈mermaid 美人鱼mer-好monstrousa.可怕的,极恶的mon-monotonous单调的（ mon单 tone调monopoly专卖 poly多 plus加down dwarf 侏儒section部分 sect scar scissor剪刀poly pl-多 ample 大量的SundayMondaymon+ster—— monster怪物mortala.致命的;终有一死的;人世间的n.凡人mortgagen./v.抵押(借款)mort gage词根：约定 engage订婚tort词根旋转 port港口 mort词根死multiplea.多样的,多重的n.倍数mult =mountultimate最终的 ult-outpl-折叠diploma毕业文凭complex复合的折叠 fold fl-流动弯曲flection rect hect flexible pl-弯曲折叠pharmacy药房farmharmmunicipala.市的,市政的;市立的市 mun-交流 communicate交流cip-cept –拿mutuala.相互的,彼此的Nnegotiatev.谈判,交涉,商议iate otiota patriot爱国者 patr-pater father patriotic爱国的iot-ot otiatenegevery is under negotiation.nominatev.提名,任命(nom-name )nominalnotoriousa.臭名昭著的,声名狼藉的notice通知 notify注意 not= knownourishv.提供养分,养育nutrition营养营养品 nut nat-生nuisancen.讨厌的人(或东西);麻烦事nuis=nox 词根：毒noxious有毒的innocent清白的谐音“牛绅士”oob [☜♌]=ab-不ob[ ♌]=op-方向相反obediencen.服从,顺从obedientn.服从的,顺从的free自由的——free d om自由scar刀疤——scan d al丑闻obscurea.暗的,朦胧的;模糊的,晦涩的（ob-不，sc-看）obstinatea.顽固的,固执的（ob-相对，st-停留、站着）odor/odourn.气味,臭气,香味（od=out-出来）eat-ed——edible可以食用的opaquea.不透明(光)的;难理解的,晦涩的aque-水aquatic水生的liquid-液体的leak-滴漏creep-爬行reptile-爬行动物burn-燃烧 brown-褐色 blue-蓝色blond-金色 black-黑色red-红色 yellow-黄色opticala.眼的,视力的;光学的（opt-光，spect-看）optimize/optimise（opt-选择变化自out + put=opt）v.使优化optionala.可以任选的,非强制的proper——appropriate恰当的——apt-适合——adapt-改编、使适应orphann.孤儿（orpheus 俄耳甫斯）infant-婴儿（in-不能 f-说话ant-的）orthodoxa.传统的,符合社会风俗的;正统的(orth=right-正，dox=doct-说)paradox 反论，似非而是的话Papparatusn.器械,设备（par=prepare-准备、备）compensatev.(for)补偿,赔偿pension-年金expensive-昂贵的penny-便士compulsorya.强制的,义务的,必修的puls=push-推vulnerable易受伤害的（vuln=wound-伤）ultraviolet紫外线（ult=out）utter说出（ut=out）despatch （dispatch）v./n.派遣（dis-分着, patch-拍）paradisen.天堂（para-反、旁、不，dise-死）paradoxn.似非而是的话;反论（para-反、旁、不）parallela.(to,with)平行的,并联的;(to)相同的,类似的n.平行线,平行面;类似,相似物;对比,纬线paralyze/paralysev.使瘫痪(麻痹);使丧失作用（para-反、旁、不，l-leg-走，yse=yze-动词后缀）parametern.参数（para-反、旁，meter-数量）parasiten.寄生虫（para-反、旁，site-位置）parliamentn.国会,议会（parl-说）parlor-客厅parrot-鹦鹉port-港口repeat-复述beat打neat干净feat功绩、作为patriotica.爱国的patriot爱国者pater=father-父亲peculiara.古怪的,异常的;特殊的,特有的（pec=pick-挑、出众）peculiarityn.独特性,特色penetratev.穿过,渗入,看穿(pene=刺，tr=through-穿过)pene=pine-词根：刺pi=bee-刺peninsulan.半岛（pen-半）isolate-孤独、隔离island-岛屿（isl-孤独的）isl=insul-岛perceivev.察觉,感知;理解,领悟（ceive-拿）concieve-怀孕、构想decieve欺骗(de-往下)perishv.丧生;凋谢;毁灭,消亡（per-每一个、周、全）persecutev.迫害（sec-跟、随）second第二的（sec-跟着，one-一，d-的）pessimistica.悲观(主义)的（pess=ped-足，底部——悲） optimistic乐观的（opt-选择）piraten./v.海盗,盗版(pir=spear-矛)pledgen.誓约;保证v.发誓;保证（pl-说，edge-边缘）play-表演explain-解释parl-说pr-说 pray祈祷 preach-传经、布道pl-说porcelainn.瓷器a.精制的,瓷器的（porc=pork-猪，el-后缀，ain-后缀）terrine-陶器（terr-土）porridgen.粥,麦片粥pore小孔、小口precautionn.预防,谨慎,警惕（caut-火）cauterize烧烤、熏烤（caut-烤、火）catch a fire –点火predominanta.(over)占优势的;主要的,突出的（dome=top-顶）predict预言（dict=tict-说）dentist牙医（dent=tooth）dominate-支配dominant-支配的abdomen-肚子、腹部preliminarya.预备的,初步的（lim=line-线、界线、限定）premiern.首相,总理（prem-先、前）primea.首要的,主要的;最好的,第一流的n.青春,全盛期,青壮年时期（pr-前，ime=time）primitivea.原始的,远古的,早期的;粗糙的,简单的(prime-前面的时间)prominenta.突起的,凸出的;突出的,杰出的（min-突出）eminent杰出的（min-突出）prompta.敏捷的,迅速的,即刻的v.激起,促进,推动（mpt=mote）promote-促进、推进propellern.螺旋桨,推进器(pell=push)propertyn.财产,资产,所有物;性质,特性(proper-恰当的) appropriate-恰当的、适合的；拨款prosperv.繁荣,使繁荣,使成功（sper=spect-看）prosperityn.繁荣,兴旺prosperousa.繁荣的,兴旺的psychologyn.心理学,心理（Psych-心里女神）physiology生理学Rradiatev.放射,辐射;散布,传播（rad=root-根）radiatorn.暖气片,散热器radicala.基本的,重要的;激进的,极端的;根本的（rad=root-根）radical revolutionradioactivea.放射性,放射引起的（rad=root-根）radioactivityn.放射性,放射现象（rad=root-根）radiumn.镭（rad=root-根）radiusn.半径（rad=root-根）randoma.随机的,随意的n.随机,随意(ran=run-跑、快速移动)at random随机地,任意地rarea.稀有的,难得的,珍奇的;稀薄的,稀疏的（r-生长、突出）bare-光秃的、赤裸的fare-运费（fee-费）mare-母马、母驴（m-mother）pare-削皮（p-皮）rearn.后部,尾部a.后方的,后部的;背后的v.饲养,抚养（re-返回、后面）reckonv.认为,估计;指望,想要;测算（ckon=count-计算）supersonic超音的（son-sound-声音）compound-组合component组合的（pon=pound-摆放）reckon on依靠,指望reckon with估计到,预料到;处理,对付reclaimv.要求归还,收回;开垦（claim-喊叫）call-cl-喊gold-金、金光、闪glass玻璃 glory-光荣glitter-炫耀born-br-生bring产生 breed繁殖acclaim-欢呼、喝彩proclaim声称exclaim呼喊reconcilev.使和好,调解,使调和;(to,with)使一致consult-商量、商讨recruitv.招募(新兵),招收(新成员) n.新兵,新成员( cr-叫 cry crazycrow）reignv.(over)统治,支配;盛行,占优势n.统治,统治时期,支配;朝代rein-缰绳、驾驭（r-rope）foreign-外国的（for-否，reign-统治）sovereign君主、最高统治（over-高）releasev.释放,解放;发表,发行（relax-放松的）relicn.纪念物,遗迹（lic= leave）sergeant-警官、军士（serge=serve）alleviate减轻（lev=light-轻）renderv.使得,致使;提出,提供,呈报（r-返回、还给）repentv.后悔,悔悟（pent=ped-走）regret-后悔（gret-前进）progress-进步（gress-前进）reproachv./n.责备,指责（proach=road） approach方法、途径（proach=road）reptilen.爬行动物(rep=creep-爬行)weep泪水deep深的peep偷窥creep爬行reservationn.保留,保留意见;预定,预订（serve-保留）reserven.储备(物),储藏量,储备金;缄默,谨慎v.保留,储备;预定,预约reservoirn.水库,蓄水池resistv.抵抗,反抗;抗,忍得住,抵制（sist-站着）resistancen.(to)抵抗,反抗;抵抗力,阻力;电阻resistanta.(to)抵抗的,有抵抗力的resolvev.决心,决定;(使)分解,溶解;议决,决议n.解决,解答;决心;决议solve-解决（s-牙齿、刀）resortv.(to)求助,诉诸,凭借n.胜地,常去之处;手段（变化自resource资源）source来源起源respectablea.可敬的,高尚的(respect-尊敬)respectfula.充满敬意的,有礼貌的(respect-尊敬)respectivea.各自的,各个的(respect-尊敬)responsibilityn.责任,责任心;职责,任务（spond=speak）responsiblea.(for,to)应负责的,有责任的;可靠的,可信赖的;责任重大的,重要的sponsor n.发起人（spons=spond=speak）restorev.恢复,使回复;修复,重建(st-站立、站起来)restrainv.(from)抑制,制止（re-往回，str-拉紧、扯紧）restrictv.限制,约束（re-往回，str-拉紧、扯紧）revengen.报复,复仇v.替…报仇（v=war）challenge-挑战、挑衅fence-剑hall-大厅small-小的ribbonn.缎带,丝带,带,带状物（rib=rope）ridgen.岭,山脉;屋脊;鼻梁(r-直、直的)ridiculousa.荒谬的,可笑的（rid-笑）ridicule嘲笑、奚落（rid-ride-骑、欺负、奚落）irritate激怒、恼怒（rit-笑）risible爱笑的（ris-笑）routinen.例行公事,常规,路线a.常规的,例行的（rout=road）Sapproximatelyad.近似地,大约(xim=same,pro-超出)similar相似的assimilate同化assaultv./n.袭击,攻击result结果insult侮辱、凌辱、强奸sult=sault-跳assault攻击、攻打consult商讨consultant顾问assemblev.集合;组装burst爆炸（bur=burn，st=ist）loyalty忠诚（loyal-忠诚的，ty=ity）second第二的（sec-跟着，on=one,d=id）r l m n sem=sameassemblyn.集合,集会,会议;装配(sem=same-同、一)resemble相似的（sem=same-同、一）consequencen.结果,后果,影响;重要性（sequ=sec-跟着）sequence次序、秩序（sequ=sec-跟着）in consequence因此,结果in consequence of由于...的缘故consequentlyad.因此,所以sec跟着 /sect切分second第二的section部分sec=sequexecute执行死刑，执行，执政（ex往外，ec=sec=sect-切分，切掉，ute-后缀）counselv./n.劝告,忠告（整词变化自“consult”）result结果consult商讨consultant顾问counsel忠告、劝告council理事会、委员会the U.N. Security Council联合国安理会episoden.片断,插曲（epi-在中间，s-song）epidemic传染的（epi-在中间，dem-人民）upon～epiessentiala.(to)本质的,基本的,必要的,必不可少的; ( sent=sense)executev.实施,执行,执行死刑（ex往外，ec=sec=sect-切分，切掉，ute-后缀）executiven.总经理,董事,行政负责人a.执行的,实施的expirev.期满,(期限)终止;呼气;断气,死亡（pire=spire-呼吸）scatterv.散开,驱散;散布,散播（scat-切开）bat梆子（b-棒子）cat抓（c-抓）lat拉扯（l-拉扯）automatic自动的（m-move）schemen.计划,方案;安排v.计划,策划;阴谋(sch=sc-切割、划分)scopen.(活动)范围;机会,余地（sc-看）scornv./n.轻蔑,藐视（sc-看）（联想：s-死，corn-玉米）seamn.缝,接缝（s-象形）beam梁, 桁条, (光线的)束,横梁（b-棒子）stream小溪scream尖叫（s-尖，cr-叫）seizev.抓住,逮住;（s-牙齿，咬住）（联想：se-色狼，抓色狼）seminarn.(大学的)研究班,研讨会semestern.学期(se=six,mest=month)shavev.剃,刮,刨,削n.刮脸(sh=s-刀、切)simultaneousa.同时的,同时存在的（sim=same,tane=time）sirenn.警报声,警报器skeletonn.骨骼;骨架,框架;梗概,提要skull头脑、头骨、头盖骨(sk-sky) pull-pel-propeller推进器consult-counsel商讨、劝告、忠告 skull-skel-skeleton骨骼、骨架sleeven.袖子(谐音——死力舞)silk-丝——sl-瘦、滑born-br-breed繁殖call-cl-claim喊slendera.修长的,细长的,苗条的;微小的,微薄的（sl-瘦、滑，联想：lend-借）slicen.薄片,切片;（sl-瘦、滑，联想：ice-冰）slima.苗条的slogann.标语,口号（log-说）slitn.细长裂缝,狭长切口（sl-瘦长、滑，联想“lit-裂它”）slopen.斜坡,斜面;倾斜,斜度v.(使)倾斜（slip滑）slumn.[pl.]贫民窟,贫民区,陋巷（slave奴隶）smugglev.走私;偷运naked裸体的fake伪造；赝品snake蛇sn-大口，鼻子snackn.快餐（sn-大口）snatchn./v.攫取,抢夺（sn-大口，虎口）sneaka.鬼鬼祟祟的sn-sm-鬼鬼祟祟，偷smugglev.走私;偷运(辅助联想：什么狗)snobbisha.势利的（snob=snoopy-狗）solemna.庄严的,隆重的;严肃的（联想：索罗门）specimenn.标本,样本（spec=spect-看，imen-后缀，联想：men-男人）spectaclen.[pl.]眼镜;场面,景象;奇观,壮观spectaculara.壮观的,引人注目的n.壮观的演出speculatev.(about,on)推测,推断;投机（spec-看）（联想：late-迟到）spinv.旋转;纺纱n.旋转;自转（象声词）sphere 球（象声词） hemisphere半球（ hemi =half）stere立体的spiritn.精神;气概,志气;[pl.]情绪,心情;[pl.]酒精,烈酒inspire吸气（spire-气）expire呼气、断气（pire=spire）speak说spit吐spill喷、溅spirituala.精神(上)的,心灵的splendida.壮丽的,辉煌的;灿烂的（spl=spr=spire-气、喷）spring喷泉 sprinkle洒、喷、淋spire——spr-spltend延伸（t-to）splend辉煌（spl=spr-喷）spoilv.损坏,搞错;宠坏,溺爱spontaneousa.自发的,自然产生的sponsor发起人（spons=speak）respond回应（spond=spons=speak）spurn.靴刺,马刺;刺激,刺激物v.刺激,激励spear矛（spur=spear）blear模糊的（b+clear=blear）blur弄脏、污点statistical 统计的,统计学的（state 统计 statist统计学家）state国家、州statistics n.统计(学)storen.商店,店铺;贮藏,贮备品v.贮藏,贮备(st=停留)storagen.贮藏(量),保管;库房strainn.过多的疲劳,紧张;张力,应变v.扭伤,拉伤;拉紧,扯紧;紧张,尽力（str-拉扯、拉紧/grain农作物/main主要的）strapn.带,皮带v.捆扎（str-拉扯）。

材料模块开发与适当解决方案应用-阿里儿莱因阿尔茜特阿尔夫达瑙·马此itan说明书

材料模块开发与适当解决方案应用-阿里儿莱因阿尔茜特阿尔夫达瑙·马此itan说明书

Development of Materials in Materials Module With Appropriate Resolution ApplicationRirin Dwi Agustin, Firda Alfiana PatriciaMathematics EducationIKIP Budi Utomo MalangIndonesiaAbstract-. The purpose of this research is (1) development of matrix module with problem solving approach for vocational students of class X. (2) To know and describe the quality of matrix module with problem solving approach in XK SMK students viewed from the aspect of validity, effectiveness, and practicality. This research is a development research using 4-D development model. In this development model is adopted until the third stage of D, namely the development stage due to time constraints and tailored to the needs and development of the module. This research produces matrix module with problem solving approach for students of class X SMK. The result of the research shows that: (1) based on the evaluation of the quality of the module by the validator, the module is valid with 79% percentage and the category is good, (2) based on the pilot test developed module is effective with 80% test error, 3) based on student response questionnaire developed module expressed practical with 84% percentage and very good category. Keyword—Matrix; Problem Solving; Development4-DI.INTRODUCTIONIn learning mathematics, ideally students are accustomed to gain understanding through experience and knowledge developed by students in accordance with the development of thinking. Because students have different potential in the functioning of their thinking ability. This is in line with the learning objectives formulated by the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics [1]that students must learn mathematics through understanding and actively building new knowledge from previously possessed experiences and knowledge.According to [2]The ability of students in solving problems is closely related to intellectual development. Thus the difficulty level of the problems given to the students must be adjusted to the development of students. The theme of the given problems should be taken from the daily (contextual) events that are closer to the student's life.To achieve the purpose of learning mathematics, one. In order for students to master their own processes, systematic steps are required to guide students to solve problems.On the one hand the availability of a quality textbook is still lacking. The authors of textbooks do not understand how the books are so easily understood by students. The rules of learning psychology and design theories of a textbook are not applied in the preparation of textbooks. Finally, students find it difficult to understand the book they read but it also looks boring. The module is a unit of instruction program organized in a certain form for learning purposes. According to the meaning of the original term the module is a complete measuring instrument, a unit that can function independently, separately, but also can function as a unity of all other units. In fact the module is a planned type of learning activity, designed to assist students individually in achieving their learning objectives.Matrix is one of the materials taught to students of class X of SMK. In everyday life the matrix can be used to solve systems of linear equations, geometry transformations, computer programs, and others. But the matrix material is still often considered difficult and abstract. As well as in a book published by the Ministry of Education and Culture of the Republic of Indonesia used in SMK PGRI 3 Malang, matrix material is taught in class X and Class XII whereas matrix material is taught in class X only. This is the background of choosing matrix material in this research.II.RESEARCH METHODOLOGYThe research design used in developing this module is a 4-D development model. According to [3] The device development model as suggested by Thiagarajan and Semmel is Model 4-D. This model consists of 4 development stages of Define, Design, Develop, and Disseminate. In this development model is adopted until the third stage of D, the stage of development (development). (1) In the Define stage includes five basic steps, namely (a) Analysis of the front end, (b) Student analysis, (c) Task analysis, (d) Concept analysis, and (e) formulation learning objectives. (2) In the Design stage, theme selection, selection of initial design and format, reference selection, test preparation and layout design are made. (3) Development stage consists of: (a) Preparation of matrix module with problem solving approach in accordance with the results of the analysis planning. (b) Assessing the quality of the module (module validation) before the test is tested (c) Initial revision after the module quality assessment. (d) The revised module is tested forUniversity of Muhammadiyah Malang's 1st International Conference of Mathematics Education (INCOMED 2017)10 students to be asked to study and solve problems in the Matrix module.Research instrument used: (1) Module validation sheet used to know the level of validity and module. This module validation sheet aims to obtain suggestions and inputs to the matrix module. The module validation sheet is used by the validator to assess the eligibility of the module from various aspects including material, language, and module appearance.(2) Questionnaire response is used to measure the practicality of the module. The student response questionnaire contains statements that represent students' responses after observing the module the researchers developed. (3) Trial conducted on 10 students. The results of this limited trial are used to revise the modules that have been made. If the results of this limited trial get a good response and students can complete the test question according to the standard specified then the module is said to be effective.For a validity level basisTABLE I.Invalid criteria and module revisions Percentage(%)Criteriap > 80 Very Good (No Revision needed)60 < p ≤ 80Good (No Revision needed)40 < p ≤ 60Good Enough (Revised)20 < p ≤ 40Not good (Revised)p ≤ 20Poor (Revised)[4]Data derived from the trial will be analyzed quantitatively to find out the average grade and learning mastery. Here are the scoring guidelines and test assessments.• Each test item has a different weight score according to the level of difficulty of each question.• From the number of scores obtained then calculated the value of students with the formulastudent score (x) = total score• Completeness of individual learning (minimum master y criteria) is 75• Completed tests are calculated by:TABLE II : Complete Testing Criterion[4]Precentage (%) Criteria ResultsStudent ResponseQuestionnairep > 80Very Good60 < p ≤ 80Good40 < p ≤ 60Good Enough20 < p ≤ 40Not Goodp ≤ 20Poor[4]III.RESULT AND DISCUSSIONIn the Define stage in determining and setting learning requirements begins with an analysis of the objectives of the material constraints developed by the device. This stage includes 5 main steps, namely: (1) Analysis of the front end, done by analyzing the core competencies and basic competencies as well as indicators of achievement of competence with reference to Curriculum 2013. (2) Student analysis is done by looking at student value X TKJ A semester one on matrix material. From the data shows that the student's score has not been maximal yet. One of the causes is the book supporting the learning is still small and incomplete, for material matrix students do not get the supporting book that suits the needs of students. This is because the matrix material in Vocational High School (SMK) is taught in class X only, while the book used in teaching and learning process of matrix matter is divided into 2 in class X with matrix understanding material, matrix type, transpose matrix, equality of two matrices , counting operations on the matrix, inverse and determinant of the order matrix. And in class XII is given the material of minor matrix, cofactor, inverse and determinant of order matrix. (3) Task analysis is done to detail the content of teaching materials in the form of outline. Based on the results of interviews with teachers mathematics SMK PGRI 3 Malang about matrix material known that the material taught up to the inverse matrix.So the matrix material contained in the module is presented in 4 learning activities. Learning activity 1 contains material understanding of matrix, matrix types, transpose and similarity of two matrices. Learning activity 2 contains matrix addition material, matrix reduction, and matrix multiplication with scalar. Learning activity 3 contains matrix multiplication materials with matrix and matrix determinants. While learning activity 4 contains minor matrix, cofactor matrix and inverse matrix. (4) Analysis concepts at this stage of analysis - analysis conducted is the analysis of core competence and competence and analysis of teaching materials. (5) Formulation of Learning Objectives contains the results of task analysis and concept analysis.In the Design stage consists of (1) the selection of the theme of this module is developed with a problem-solving approach so that the module is given problem-solving problems that make students can think critically because the way of solving it is not as usual. In the module is also given problems with common problems that often occur around the goal students can better understand the matrix material and do not consider it abstracts. (2) Selection of initial format and design. this module is arranged with A4 size of 21 cm x 29.7 cm. using Cambria Math font size 12. (3) Preparation of material concepts from various references. Researchers seek and collect relevant reference books as a reference in developing modules. The reference books are: Advanced Mathematics for Class XII SMA / MA Language Program, Mathematics Technology Group, Health, and Agriculture For Vocational High School Class X, Mathematics Module For SMK - X Curriculum KTSP, Application Matic Volume III and Mathematics Textbook SMK Group Business Management. In addition to reference books,researchers also collect pictures downloaded from the internet and some are personal collections of authors. (4) The test and module layout design is divided into 3 parts, namely the beginning, the contents, and the end: (a) The initial section consists of: Cover or cover module, identity page, introduction, table of contents, introduction, and map concept. (b) The content section consists of: Introduction page, description of the material, sample questions, exercise questions, formative tests, retraining exercises and summaries (c) The final section consists of: glossary and bibliography. (5) Module Making.At development stage done (1) Preparation of matrix module with problem-solving approach in accordance with the analysis results planninga) Assessing the quality of the module (module validation) before tested Module that has been developed then consulted to the supervisor to get suggestions for improvement. After some improvements have been made, the module is then validated. The module developed in this research was validated by two lecturers from the Mathematics Education Department of IKIP Budi Utomo Malang and one mathematics teacher of SMK PGRI 3 Malangb) The revised module is tested for 10 students. (4) The final product produced is a matrix module with problem-solving approach for SMKIV.C ONCLU S IONDevelopment of matrix module with problem solving approach for X class high school students using 4D (Define, Design, Develop, and Desseminate). In this development was adopted until the third stage of D Develop (Development).Based on the assessment of validator that has been described previously all the aspects of the assessment of the matrix module is valid that is 79%. In addition, based on the results of trials of ten matrix modules declared effective with 80% percentage. Pursuant to result of questionnaire of student response 84% expressed practical with percentage. Then module declared valid, effective and practical.(1) The matrix module for students of Vocational High School class X can be further developed by other researchers for other mathematical materials. (2) The matrix module for X-Grade Vocational High School students may be further developed for teaching materials at SMK. Matrix module is feasible in perfected both in terms of material, terms of appearance and facet of development. In order to be developed until the last stage of the stage disseminate. (3) Testing can be done periodically on each sub-chapter material contained in the module. And do the test with a larger scale again.R EFERENCES[1] Nindy Citoresmi, Sugiatno, D.S, Pengembangan Modul MatematikaBerbasis Masalah Untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Penyelesaian Masalah Dan Berpikir Kreatif Matematis Siswa, Program Studi Magister Pendidikan Matematika FKIP UNTAN, 2016.[2] I. Rizkianto, Workshop Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Topik AljabarBagi Guru Smp Di Kabupaten Sleman Yogyakarta. Retrieved from Workshop Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Topik Aljabar Bagi Guru Smp Di Kabupaten Sleman Yogyakarta.[3] Trianto, Mendesain Pembelajaran Kontekstual (Contextual Teaching AndLearning, Cerdas Pustaka, 2008.[4] E. P. Widyoko, Evaluasi Program Pembelajaran, Yogyakarta: Pustakabelajar, 2009.。

随机海浪中船舶安全概率的数值模拟

随机海浪中船舶安全概率的数值模拟

随机海浪中船舶安全概率的数值模拟谷家扬;缪振华【摘要】近年来国外发展起来的安全盆思想为衡准船舶动稳性特性开辟了一条新的途径,本文将安全盆的思想进行了延续和拓展.首先简要的介绍了求解微分方程的数值方法--谐加速度方法的基本思想与计算步骤,然后以一条渔船为例,引进ISSC双参数海浪谱,在构建船舶横摇运动微分方程时考虑了船速和遭遇浪向角的影响,应用谐加速度方法对船舶在随机海浪下的非线性横摇运动方程进行了数值求解,结合数理统计的知识,得到了随机海浪中4参数的船舶安全概率,分析了波高、波浪特征周期、遭遇浪向角、船速以及海浪随机相位角等因素对船舶安全概率的影响.【期刊名称】《江苏科技大学学报（自然科学版）》【年(卷),期】2005(019)006【总页数】6页(P6-11)【关键词】安全概率;数值模拟;非线性横摇运动;谐加速度方法;安全盆【作者】谷家扬;缪振华【作者单位】江苏科技大学船舶与海洋工程学院,江苏,镇江,212003;金陵船厂,江苏,南京,210015【正文语种】中文【中图分类】U661.30 引言船舶倾覆是造成船舶严重事件的重要原因之一,历来受到造船界的极大关注。

伦敦保险协会(The Institute of London Underwriters)的统计数据显示[1],1986～1996年期间,全球每年都有100条500 GT以上的船舶失事,每年失事船舶的总吨位超过100 000 GT,不仅造成了财产的大量损失,更严重的是造成了人员的大量伤亡。

在这些失事的船舶当中,近1/3是在遭遇恶劣海况下失事的。

为了确保船舶具有足够的抗倾覆能力,各国规范对船舶静稳性曲线的特性做了限制;然而静稳性曲线是基于静力学理论,但现实情况中船舶通常是在满足现行稳性规范的情况下遭到恶劣海况时失事的,这些都说明了现行规范的不足。

因此必须对船舶在海浪中的非线性随机运动特性加以研究,以完善和修订现行规范中的不足之处。

以英国学者Thompson[2,3]为首的科学家提出了安全盆(Safe basin)的新概念,并应用安全盆破损(erosion of safe basin)理论来研究船舶在波浪作用下的倾覆问题。

整车开发通用英文缩写

整车开发通用英文缩写
Design & Analysis Section Deliver Charter Design Change Notice Design Change Notice Dimension Control Plan Design Concept Sheet Double Clutch Transmission Direct Delivery Driver Door Switch Pack Die Engineering Integration
APEC
Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation
APQP/CP APSB
Advanced Product Quality Planning aAnsdiaCoPnatcrioflicPlSatnrategy Board
AR
Appropriation Request
ARC
Architecture Refinement Complete
Assembly Component Tree BOM
AD
Alternatives Development
ADV
Analysis / Development /
ADV
VAanlaildyastiiso,nDevelopment and
AE
VAaplpildiactaitoinon Engineer
AE
Assy PPAP
Assembly Line PPAP
Assy Assy Assy Assy
PPAP PPV PPV Run-Off
Assembly Line PPAP
Assembly Line Products and Process VAaslsiedmabtliyonLine Production and PArsosceemsbslyVaLliindeatRiuonn-Off

汽车电子行业英语单词积累LQ

汽车电子行业英语单词积累LQ

Surveillance criteriaTLR:Total Line rejectIn the case ofin case ofevolutionanniversaryVerifyarisesexplicitinterfacesrecurrencecriterianotifiedcritical characteristicsProbationnaryIQRM（Integrated quantitativeriskmanagement，IQRM）legergenericextentHumpolecproposalclarificationdepolymentoccurrenceidentificationworkflowaggregationpossible aggregationquotation tableproduct impactnote detailtrigger actionquotation gridRPNtriggerby exceptiongenericexchange withbranchequivallenceannexevolutiondepending ofintranethandbookcurrent releasecotationqualitativepropagation critical failureitemizationitemizefix knowledgeformalizeoptimizerecognize manufaturabilitydetectioncontrol stepaddressspecificity intended functionmannerintegrationschematicjustificationInitial anomalyinjurycumulativegiven causegivenvariablecharacterize down stream customerif differentIf Selecting Different DatumindipendentindependentassortmentMajor riskcompetency centrecompetencyreassessassessaccessvariousthis tablesIn addition toreturntransformpilotNota beneinduceultimatelybe addressedprobabilityphysical deviceinteractinganticipatemountingloss of functionsdegradedreduced performanceuntimelyproprietary inopportune operationprioritaryforceblockin-station teststationlegendfor instanceconstraintsodoursSPCSPPCdemonstrateinflammabilityconformityverificationhandlerealizecomputedmitigateemphasisSLIreferencedremainingescalatingresidualinstanceaspectdefectmoderateminorhazardoushazardous with explicit warningillustratediscerniblesqueakrattleaudiblediscriminationdegradationdegragationoccasional nuisanceoccasionalnuisanceitemreduced levelinterruptionportionembarrassmentdisturbancefinisprecursoryprecursory signinterfacesinterpretablecapitalizeenforcementimplyin placedocumentednewnessnewness degreejustificationrobustsubsequentconfigurationdiscrepantconfirmconformsitimulationsimulationcorrelateactualgaugingbenchverifymock-upstack-upprovenfield proven The Charting Methodinefficentgagereinstallationconsumingreducedinternallyhereunderhighlightjustificationnormsrobustadaptationart-knowknowdelectentailreductiondownstream embarrassmentendangernullprobabilityCharting methodEND OF MASS PRODUCTION LIFE MANAGEMENT (EMPL) Supplier development & follow-upfollow-upACRONYMS=acronymsphasestageslaunchfirst-offSupplier Service Rate: SSRregulatoryinitiatedkick-off toolingsconsequently to demonstrate the followingpreliminaryCAR=corrective action requestCmk（设备能力指数）≥2、Cpk（长期过程能力指数）>normalityintervalreserve the rightcarry outreinforced control plan(RCP)Car makers line or end of line rejects (C1). Warranty return (C1WR).Accredited bureauramp upsubject toescalationsuspensionconsolidateAt faultCSL1A Quality Improvement Plan (QIP)initiatedfollow-upprovisionin the fieldrecurrentdeploymentcontainmentperturbationreactivityconcludemandatesecuredincuredSSR=Supplier Service RateNLOTIF =Number of “pick-up order” Lines OnTime In FullNLR=Number of “pick-up order” LinesRequestedcommencing yearspecifyingstagnatinglaunchNBOH=NEW BUSINESS ON HOLDTLR(Toltal line rejects)GPS(Group priority supplier)GPSGPRS(General Packet Radio Service)quality fundermentals排名为前360名的“最差质量（绩效）表现供应商”(AZIMUT 360计划)。

(整理)抽水蓄能专业英语词汇

(整理)抽水蓄能专业英语词汇

抽水蓄能专业英语词汇(英汉)索引A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y ZA（to be）abide by 遵守a(de)scend 升（降）abandon 废弃abbreviation 缩写ability of withstand seism 耐受地震能力abrasion-resistant 耐磨abrupt 突然absorber 吸附装置absorptance 吸收比abut(ting) 毗邻AC (Assembling Check) 安装检查AC input reactor 交流输入电抗器AC sampling module 交流采样模件acceleration 加速度accessible 可进入accommodate 容纳；使适应accounts for 含量为acetylene 乙炔acoustic 声波acquisition 征地activate 激活active power 有功功率adapt to 适应adaptability to 适应能力adhesiveness 附着性adjacent to 附近adjustable current limiting resistor 可调式限流电阻admission 允许进入adverse influence to 对……不利于adverse 不利的AECR (Automatic Excitation Current Regulator) 自动励磁电流调节aeration 通风通气affiliate 隶属affix 粘贴afforest 绿化AGC (automatic generating control) 自动发电控制aggregate 骨料aggregating 密集aging 老化AGM (air gap measurement) 气隙测量AI (analog input) 模拟量输入air compressor 空压机air condition 空调air cooler 空气冷却器air gap 气隙air gap monitoring system 气隙监测系统air housing 风洞air purification device 空气净化装备Air reservoir 储气罐alarm cycles 告警呼叫周期algorithms 算法alias 别名化名aligne 对齐成一线altitude 海拔alignment 校正alkali 碱alleviate 缓和allot 分派alloy steel 合金钢along with 随着Alternate 替补，侯选alternating current 交流altitude 海拔altitude difference 交差aluminum alloy 铝合金aluminum spacer 铝制撑条ambient temperature 环境温度ambiguity 含糊、不明确amendment 修改件amicably 友善ammeter 电流表amortisseur bar 阻尼条amortisseur ring 阻尼环amortisseur ring connector 阻尼环接头amortisseur ring pulling rod 阻尼环拉杠amortisseur winding 阻尼绕组amortisseur 阻尼环amortization 分期偿还ample 足够amplitude 振幅amplitude coefficient 振幅系数analog input ( AI) signals 模拟量输入信号analog output ( AO) signals 模拟量输出信号analogue signal 模拟信号analysis 分析anchor bar 锚杆anchorage 锚固ancillary 辅助的、副的ancillary to 附属Anionic(Cationic) 阴/阳Anneal 退火annealed copper 退火软铜annual forced outage ratio 年强迫停运率annual leakage rate 年泄漏率annuity 年本息anti wear plate 抗磨板anticipate 预期anti-corona layer 防晕层anti-corrosion copper earthing terminals 防锈铜接地端子anti-interference capacity 抗干扰能力anti-pumping 防跳跃anti-water hammer 防水锤AO (analog output) 模拟量输出Apparent 明显Appearance 外观application software 应用软件application tools 应用工具approved products 定型arbitrary 仲裁；公断arc contact 弧触头arc contact 电弧触头arc extinguishing chamber 灭弧室architecture 体系；结构archived as-built drawings 档案竣工图argil 陶土argon arc electrical welding method 氩弧焊方式argon arc electrical 氩弧arm 支臂arm fabricated type 支臂组合式armature 电枢armored layer 铠装层array of 一批arrestor 避雷器art design 工艺设计artesian 干线artesian 自流井自喷井artificial 人工as pertains to 部分asbestos 石棉asbestos product 石棉制品as-built 竣工ascertain 查明aspire 追求assembling stress 装配应力assembly 装配assignment 转让assume 承担assumption 假定asymmetrical fault 不对称故障asymmetrical short circuit 不对称短路asymmetry 不对称asynchronously 同步atmospheric over voltage 大气过电压attenuation 衰减attenuator 衰减器attest 证明attorney 委托audible alarming system 音响报警系统AFC(automatic frequency control unit) 自动频率控制ALR(automatic load regulator) 自动负载调节器auspices（under the ～of ）赞助领导automatic alarm device 自动告警系统automatic bi-directional self-balancing follower 自动双相自平衡跟踪装置automatic blow-off valve 自动排气阀automatic elements 自动化元件automatic excitation current regulator 自动励磁电流调节器automatic excitation regulating system 自动励磁调节系统automatic phonetic alarming system 语音电话自动告警系统automatic signal identification 自动识别automatic synchronizing device 自动准同步装置（A VR）automatic thermostatic heater 自动恒温控制加热器automatic voltage regulator 自动电压调节器automatic water spray system 自动喷水系统automatically 自动地autonomous 自发auxiliaries 附属设备A VC (automatic voltage control) 自动电压控制A VR (automatic voltage regulator) 自动电压调节axes 轴axially 轴向axonometric 轴侧法azimuth 方位角B（BDS）Bid Data Sheet 投标资料表（naval）brass 黄铜（oriented）（pre-split）blast (定向)(予警)爆炸（to be）Bound to 一定B/L bill of lading 提货单Babbit metal 巴氏合金back-to-back starting method 背靠背起动方式baffle 缓冲板balance weight 平衡重锤balancing weight 平衡重锤/配重balustrade 栏栅balustrade 护栏balustrade 拉杆banking fire 压火barracks 营房barrier 隔板屏障base plate 基础板base settlement 基础沉降BCDI/BCDO (BCD code input/output) 码输入/输出be galvanized 镀锌be polished 抛光be updated 升级bearing 轴承bearing capacity 承载能力bearing lubricating system 轴承润滑系统bearing pad 轴瓦bearing support 轴承支架bellow 波纹管bellow 伸缩bench 形成台阶beneficiary 受益方BER (Bit Error Rate) 误码率berm 马道between opened gap 断口间Bevel 斜角Bifurcation 分枝岔管BIL (lightning impulse withstand voltage) 雷电冲击耐受电压blank endorse 空白背书blister 泡block cylinder 封堵缸体block diagram 框图block stone 块石block 封堵blockage 阻塞blow-off valve 排气阀bolt 螺栓bolts 螺栓book-type 笔记本boom 吊臂booster pump 增压泵borrowing 取土动土bottom plate 底板bottom ring 底环bound separately 独立成册brace 支撑拉条bracket 盖板机架braid 辫子brake piston 制动活塞brake ring 制动环braking friction 制动摩擦braking shoe 制动瓦braking system 制动(停机)系统branch circuit 分支回路brazed joint failure 机械损伤brazing machine 焊机breach 不履行breaking capacity 开断容量breaking load current 开断负荷电流breaking ring 制动环breast walls 防浪墙breather 吸潮器bridge crane 桥式起重机brightness 亮度broach 拉刀brochure 小册子bronze 青铜bruise 擦伤brush holder 刷握buchholtz 瓦斯buckle (由于压力热力)变形buffer layer 缓冲层buffer 缓冲器Bulkhead for water pressure test 涡壳试压封堵盖bulkhead gate 检修闸门bulkhead 堵头bulkhead 堵头burden 负载bus coupler 母联busbar circuit breaker 母联断路器busbar tunnel 母线洞bus-coupler 母联bushing 套管bushing axis 套管轴bushing conductor 套管导体bushing 套管bus-tie 母联butterfly spring 蝶形弹簧buzz 蜂鸣by-pass disconnector 旁路隔离开关C(to be)conversant with 熟练cable 电缆cable clamps 电缆卡具cable conduits 电缆管cable connector 电缆接线器cable general layout 电缆总布置图cable joint 电缆接头cable metal protection sheathes 电缆金属护层cable monitoring device 电缆监测装置cable rack and fittings 电缆架及紧固件cable seal-ends 电缆终端cable trays 电缆桥架calcification 钙质calculation capability 运算能力calibration 标准校正caliper 卡钳call 调用calorimetric 卡cantilever 悬臂capacitance cone 电容锥capacitive current 电容电流capacity tariff 容量价capacity 容量capillary 毛细管capital investment 固定资产投资carbon brush 碳刷carbon steel 碳素钢cards frame 插件框架cards 插接板carrying capacity 载流能力cash trees land 经济林cashier’s or certified check本票或保付汇票casing 外壳cast epoxy bushing 环氧模压绝缘套管cast steel 铸钢catalogue cuts 样本摘要catalogue cuts 样本摘要categorization 范畴化caterpillar crane 履带布cavern 洞室cavitation 空蚀cavity 洞CBFP(circuit-breaker failure protection) 断路器故障保护CD-Recorder device 可刻写光盘设备center column 中心柱center frame for measuring the circularity of rotor 转子测圆架center frame for measuring the circularity of stator 定子测圆架center hub upper and lower disc 中心体上、下园盘center hub vertical rib & supporting plat 中心体立筋、撑板central control building 中控楼central control room 中控室central controller of protective relaying information 继电保护信息集中管理器centrifugal force 离心力centrifuge 离心certify 证实change over 切换channel automatic changeover 通信自动切换char 炭黑characteristic 特性chassis 底盘check valve 逆止阀chipper 铲头工具chisel 凿chock 垫木chopped wave 截波chopped 载chord 衍铉chromaticity 色度CIECC (China international engineering consulting company)CIF (Cost, Insurance and Freight) 成本加保险费、运费CIP [Carriage and Insurance Paid to (place)] 运费和保险费付至(地点) circuit breaker 断路器circuit transformer 电流互感器circular broach 圆拉刀circular hoisting track 环形吊轨circulation fund 流动资金circumferential speed 圆周速度civil works 土建clamping fixture 夹具clarification 澄清classification 分类clear width 净宽clearance 间隙clearance customs 清关clearance 间距clockwise 顺时针CMT(Commissioning and Maintenance Test)CNAO(China National Audit Office ) 中国国家审计署cockle 折皱codes 规程cofferdam 围堰cohesion 粘合力内聚力cold rolled silicon steel sheet 冷轧硅钢片cold-roll silicon steel sheet of grain orientation with high magnetic conductivity 导率高的晶粒取向冷轧硅钢片collar 滑转子打眼collate 比照collector assembly 集电装置collector ring 集电环collision 碰collocate 布置collusive 勾结color photo jet printer 彩色照相喷墨打印机combinational screen wall 组合屏幕墙combined axial load 组合轴向荷载combined tangential and radial key 径,切向复合键combined/intersection network 组合／交汇网combustion chamber 燃烧室commence 开始commissioning 试运行commitment fee 承诺费common mode noise attenuation 共模抑制communication interface 通信接口communication optic fiber cables 通信光缆communication processor and controller 通信处理器及控制器communication protocol 通信规约commutation diode 硅整流二级管commutation diode 整流comparison 比较compartment(alize) 分割小室compatibility 兼容性compatible to 匹配compensating the displacement 位移补偿competent 有能力的competitiveness 竞争性compile 汇编编写compliance with 依照comply （with）满足compo insurance 工伤保险component of negative sequence current 负序电流分量composite video port 复合视频接口composite 混合复合compound materials 复合材料comprise 组成compulsory 强制性的concavity 凹computer supervisory and control system 计算机监控系统conceived 设想concentricity 同心度concise 简明concrete floor 混凝土楼板concrete foundation 混凝土基础concrete pole 水泥杆concrete Pump Truck 砼泵concurrently 同时发生concurs with 同意condensation 收缩condenser mode 调相工况condenser mode 调相condenser operation 调相conducting ring 导电环conductivity 导电conductor 导体conductor screening 导体屏蔽conductor temperature 线芯温度conduit 管道confidential 秘密configuration 外形、轮廓、布置、配置configuration drawing 配置图configuration software 组态软件configuration 配置confiscate 被征用conflict 矛盾conflict 冲突conformity to 附合congregate 组装conical 锥connecting bolt between main shaft and runner 主轴与转轮连接螺栓connecting bolt for shaft coupling flange 转轴连接法兰螺栓connecting cable 连接电缆connecting pipe 连接管路connecting studs 接线柱connecting terminals 接线端子connection wires 连接导线consecutive 联续consecutive 连续consent 同意、一致conservation of water and soil 水土保持conservative 保守consigne 委托consignee 收货人consistency 一致性consistent with 一致console 控制台console 台面conspicuous 连续constant frequency and constant voltage 恒频恒压constant 常数constitute 构成组成任命constrainedly 勉强constraint 强制construction substation 施工变电所construe解释consumable 易耗件contaminate 污染contaminate 弄脏contaminate 弄脏contamination 污染contingency 偶然意外continuous charging capacity 持续充电容量continuous reactive output 持续无功出力contracted 承包contradiction 矛盾contrary to 相反contrast 对照contrast 对比度control cable 控制电缆control cubicle 控制柜control mode selector switch 控制权选择开关control panel 控制盘control protection cable 控制保护电缆control switch for unit start/stop 机组启、停控制开关convene 召开convener 召集人convenient 便利的converge 汇聚conversion accuracy 转换精度convexity 凸conveyance 输送cool state 冷态cooler 冷却器cooling system 冷却系统cooling tube of cooler 冷却器冷却管cooper lugs 铜鼻子coordination 协调copper busbar 铜排copper earthing screw 铜质接地螺钉copper flexible braid 铜编织线copper lug 铜鼻子copper pigtails 铜辨子copper strand wires 铜绞线copper strip 铜片copper wire 铜线core end plate 齿压板core number 芯数corollary 辅助配套corona inception 起晕corrosion 腐蚀corrosion-resistance 抗腐蚀能力corruption 腐败counter clockwise 逆时针counter measures 对策countersign 会签counterweight 配重coupler 电容耦合器coupling flange 连接法兰coupling surface 法兰接合面coupon 附单CPM (Critical Path Method) 关键路径法CPM (critical path method) 关键路径法CPU (Central Processing Unit) 中央处理器CPU redundant CPU冗余crack 裂缝cracking 龟裂crank 曲柄crank shaft box 曲轴箱crawler Hydraulic Pressure Forward Excavator 履带式正铲挖掘车crawler-type Surface Hydraulic Drill Rig 履带式露天钻creepage 漏电crest 脊criteria 标准criterion 尺度标准依据critical speed 临界速度critical speed 临界转速cross section 截面cross-check 仔细检查cross-link polyethylene insulation (XLPE) 交联聚乙烯cross-section 截面CRT 屏幕显示器crushed stone 碎石CSCS (computer supervisory and control system) 计算机监控系统CT’s (Current transformers) 电流互感器cubicle 柜cultural relics 文物culture 放养current balancing factor 均流系数current carrying area 过流面积current carrying capacity 载流量current density 电流密度current limiting reactor 限流电抗器current 气流current-carrying 载流量cursor 光标cushion layer 过渡层（垫层）cushioning 缓冲custody 监护保管OLTC （on-load tap changer）有载调压D（as-built）drawing 竣工（partial）discharging 局部放电dacron 涤纶dam crest 坝脊面dam site 坝址damping winding 阻尼绕组damping 阻尼damp-proof 耐潮的damp-proof measures 防潮措施DAQ(Data Acquisition System) 数据采集系统data acquisition 数据采集data acquisition and processing 数据采集与处理data buffer 数据缓冲data light processing projector 数字光处理投影机data sampling 数据采样database management system 数据库管理系统database 数据库DC Dimensional Check 尺寸检查DC (Dimensional Check) 尺寸检查DC 220V distribution cable 直流220V配电电缆DC distribution panel 直流分配电屏DC field flashing circuit 直流起励回路DC flat-wave reactor 直流平波电抗器DC resistance 直流电阻De-aerate 除气debugging 调试debugging terminal 调试终端debugging 调试debur 去毛刺decompose 分解deduct 扣除de-excitation 灭磁deficiency 缺陷deficit 抵债definite time 定时deflection 挠度deflection / deformation 变型degrade 瓦解de-ionize 去离子delineate 描写deliver inductive reactive power 发送感性无功demagnetize 消磁demarcation 勘测demonstrate 论证denominate 给…命名denotation 表示dense 密集dependability 可靠性deposit 料场depreciation 折旧费贬值depression 凹地deprive 剥夺derivative 派生derivative 微分derive 获得deriving from 由…造成de-sicator 干燥器designation 标记destination port 目的港detecting leakage 检漏deterioration 变质detriment 损害deviation 偏差devoman 泥盆纪dewater 压水DI (digital input) 数字输入dial indicator 百分表dialect 方言diaphragm 横膈膜dielectric dissipation factor test 介质损失角测量试验dielectric loss angle 介电损失角dielectric loss 介质损耗dielectric resistance 绝缘电阻dielectric strength test 介电强度试验dielectric 介质diesel generator 柴油发电机differential initiation 微差起爆differential mode noise attenuation 常模抑制differential protection 差动保护differential settlement 变形digital input ( DI) signals 数字量输入信号digital multimeter 数字万用表digital output ( DO) signals 数字量输出信号dike 堤堰坝dilatancy 膨胀diluted 冲淡dip(ped) 倾向(浸)dipped 浸direct axis and quadrate axis 直轴与横轴disburse 支付disc type 圆盘式discharge arcing 晕带discharge counter/ recorder 放电记数器discharge ring 泄流环disconnector 隔离开关disconnector of starting circuit 起动回路隔离开关discrepancy 不符discrete 分立的discretion 处理权限dispute 争议discriminates 区别dismantle 拆装dismantling 拆卸dispatch 调度dispatching calibre 配电能力displacement 位移display picture generation 画面生成disposition 配置dissipation 驱散distinction 区别distinctive seasons 四季分明distinguishability/resolution 分辨率distortion 畸变distribution room 配电室distribution transformer 配电变压器disturbance 扰动diversion 引水divert 转移dividend 分红利divulge 泄漏DLP (Data Light Processing Projector) 数字光处理器DMD (digital micro mirror device) 数字微反射器DO (digital output) 数字量输出dominant 支配double coil, two position electromagnetic valve 双线圈两位电磁阀dovetail （key bar）燕型橛dovetail pin 燕尾销dowel pins 定位销down-land 丘陵draft tube lower liner 尾水管下部里衬draft tube 尾水管[(upper /lower) liner] 尾水管[(上/下部)里衬drain valve 排水阀drainage ditches 排水沟drainage 排水draw ring 牵引环, 拉延环drawing software 图形软件DRC (Digital protection relay checkout device). 数字式保护校验仪dredge 疏竣dressing stick 整形棒drift 漂移driving vibrator 单钢轮振动压实机droop characteristic 调差特性DSCR（debt service coverage rate）偿债保证比DSP(digital signal processor) 数字信号处理DTV (draft tube valve) 尾管阀门dump truck 自卸车dumping 缓冲duplicable 可复制的duplicate bus input circuit 双总线输入回路duplicate channel digital oscillograph 双通道数字型示波器duplicate trip coil 双跳闸线圈durable 耐用的dust catcher 粉尘吸附装置dust collecting system 粉尘收集系统DVD-ROM 光盘驱动器dyke of 岩脉dynamic balancing 动平衡dynamic stability 动态稳定性dynamometer 测力计功率计Eearthing current-return wires 接地回流导线earthing grids 接地网earthing steel flats 接地扁钢earthing switch 接地开关earthing terminal 接地端子eccentricity 偏心度eccentricity 偏心ECDC (East China Power Dispatch Center) 华东网调ECIDI (East China Investigation and Designing Institute) 华东勘测设计研究院ecologic 生态eddy current displacement transducer 涡流位移传感器eddy loss 涡流损耗eddy 涡流EDI (Electronic Data Interchange) 电子数据交换EDR (equalizing discount rate) 等值折扣率/调整贴现率education tax 教育税EIA (environmental impact assessment) 环境影响评估elasticity 弹性elasticity 椭圆率elbow 肘管electric braking device 电气制动装置electric breaking breaker 电制动断路器electric clearance 电气间隙electric fan 电动风机electric firing method 电触发方式electric gear shifting 电子换档electric interlock 电气闭锁electric output 电气输出electric quantity transducer 电量变送器electric saw 电锯electric spray valve 电动喷雾阀门electrical braking device 电气制动装置electrical contacts 电接点electrical interlock 电气闭锁electrical magnetic force 电磁力electrically independent, single-pole normally-open and normally-closed contact circuit单极双掷、电气独立的接点电路electric-magnetic performance 电磁性能electro-corrosion resistant property 耐电腐蚀能力electro-corrosion 电腐蚀electrolytic 电解electrolytic aluminum alloy 电解铝合金electrolytic copper 电解铜electro-magnetic environment 电磁环境electromagnetic hydraulic valve 电磁液压阀electromagnetic interference 电磁干扰electromagnetic shield 电磁屏蔽electromagnetic starter 电磁启动器electromagnetic valve 电磁阀electro-magnetic wave disturbance 电磁波干扰electromanetism compatible anti-interference test 电磁兼容抗扰度试验electrostatic filter 静电过滤器electrostatic plate 静电板elevation of runner center line of pump-turbine 设备安装高度eligibility 合格ellipticity 椭圆度elongation 延伸elongation 延伸embedded part 预埋件emboss 压花emergency shutdown circuit 紧急停机电路EMF (electro-magnetic flux) 电磁通量EMS (Energy Management System) 能源管理系统emulsification 乳化EN(European Standard) 欧洲标准ENAA (Engineering Advancement Association of Japan) 日本项目促进协会enamel 搪瓷珐琅encapsulate 用胶囊包装enclosed metal cubicle 封闭金属柜enclosure 外壳encoder 编码器end connector 端部接头end hoop of winding 定子绕组的端箍endanger 危及endurance duration 承受时间endurance 耐久/承受energizing pick-up type 带电动作型energy dissipation 消能English edition 英文版epidemic prevention 防疫epoxy encapsulated 环氧浇注epoxy resin 环氧树脂epoxy resin infusion capacitance type 环氧树脂浸渍电容式equalized load 平衡负荷equalizing beam 平衡梁equidistantly 等距离equilibrium 平衡平静equity investment 资本金equivalent 等值erection bay 安装间erection pedestal 安装支墩ergonomically 人类工程学erode 腐蚀escalate 逐步上升escape of oil fumes from the bearing 轴承油雾溢出essential software 基本软件ETD method 检温计法ethernet 以太网ethics 道德EUR (European EUPO) 欧元evacuation 抽出evaporation 蒸发even order harmonic voltage component 偶次谐波电压含有率even order 偶次even 均匀evenness 均匀度excitation control panel 励磁控制盘excitation cubicle 励磁柜excitation grounding detector 励磁接地探测器excitation over-voltage relay 励磁过电压继电器excitation panel 励磁盘excitation power supply 励磁电源excitation regulator 励磁调节器excitation system loss 励磁系统损耗excitation transformer 励磁变压器exciter transformer 励磁变exciting circuit conductor 励磁回路导线execution 执行exert 发挥expansion bolts 膨胀螺栓expansion cards 扩展插件expansion joint 伸缩节expediently 方便expert system interfaces 专家系统接口expiration 期满exponential [数]指数extende 加深extension 延伸节extinguishing device 灭火装置extract active power 吸收有功extruded semi-conducting compound 挤包半导体化合物EXW (Ex factory, ex works or ex warehouse) 出厂、出车间或出仓库eye ring of balancing beam 平衡梁套环F(empirical ) formula 经验公式（proper）frequency 固有频率3-D FEA 三维有限元fabrication 制造factice 油膏factory Acceptance Test (FAT) 工厂验收实验failure mode 容错模式fatigue (fault) 疲劳faucet 旋塞fault retrospection reviews 事故追忆fault signal 故障信号fault tolerance 容错fault treatment method 故障处理方法FCA (Free Carrier) 货交承运人FD（Flaw Detection）探伤fender-guard 防护(保险杠) ferromagnetic 铁磁ferrule 金属包头festoon 区域fiber-optic connector 光导纤维连接FIDIC (International Federation of Consulting Engineers) 国际咨询工程师联合会field erection 现场安装field pole 磁极field test 现场试验field 磁场filtration 过滤final two years 最后两年finance indicator 经济指标financing 融资findings 调查结果finite element method 有限充分价位finite element method 有限充分价位fire-extinguishing 消防fire-retardant 阻燃firewall 防火墙FIRR (Finance Internal Return Rate) 财务内部收益率first-pole-to-clear 首相开断系数fissure 裂缝fitting 附件fixture 固定体flake （成）薄片flame-retard 阻燃flange 法兰flashing circuit 起励flashover. 闪烙flaw 缺陷flexible connection 软连接flexible fixing 挠性固定flicker 闪烁float gauge 液位计floating point calculation 浮点运算能力floppy disk driver 软盘驱动器flow production method 流水作业法flowmeter 流量计fluctuation 波动flush 冲洗flush-type 嵌入式flux 焊药FOB (Free on Board) 装运港船上交货FOR (forced outage ratio) 强迫停运率formality 手续formula 公式fortify 防御forward voltage drop 正向压降foundation 基础foundation bolt 基础螺栓fracture 碎frame wall 机座壁francis 混流fraud 欺诈frequency transducers 频率变送器frequency 频率fret 使发热front-end fee 启动费frontispiece 插页FRR (fault retrospection reviews) 事故追忆Fs （safety factor）保安系数full wave 全波full-face steel lining 全断面钢衬full-graphic color VDU 彩色显示器functional keyboard 功能键盘fundamental wave 基波fuses 熔断器fusion 熔化Ggable 山墙gall 擦伤galvanize 电镀galvanized steel structure 镀锌钢结构gang 联动gantry 门架gapless arrestor shunted with capacitor 与电容器并联的无间隙避雷器gas pipe 油管gas protection 瓦斯保护gas relay 气体继电器gasket 垫片gateways 远动网关gauge 规,计,表,样板gauge 标准尺、量表GCB (generator circuit breakers) 发动机出口断路器GCC(General Conditions of Contract) 通用合同条款gear operation mechanism 联动操作机构GECH II (General Electric Canada Hydro International Inc)GECI (General Electric Canada Inc)GECII (General Electric Canada International Inc)GEEN (General Electric Energy)generation surplus 窝电generator 发电机generator mode 发电工况generator terminal voltage overshoot 发电机机端电压超调量generator voltage circuit equipment 发电机电压设备generator/motor circuit breaker control switch 发电电动机断路器控制开关generator/motor-transformer block 发电电动机-变压器单元geometrical 几何的geomorphology 地貌geotextile filter 滤土工布gland 密封压盖glare 弦光glossary 汇编glossy 有光泽的got rid of from 排除govern 服从government sponsored social insurance fund 社会统酬governor pressure oil pipes 调速器压力油管路GPS (satellite synchronizing clock system) 卫星同步时钟系统grace period 宽限期gradation(grade) 级配grade ability 爬坡grain orientation 晶粒方向grand Canal 大运河granite 花岗岩granite porphyry 花岗岩graphical interface support 图形界面支持graphical station 图形站gravity center 重心gravity moment 重力矩gravity retaining wall 重力挡水墙graze 擦伤groove 企口groove 坡口grotto 洞ground fault current 接地故障电流grouser 履带齿片GSI (Geological Strength Index) 地质强度指标guide bearing 导轴承guide bearing loss 导轴承损耗guide bearing pad 导轴衬瓦gully-originated depression 沟源凹地gushe 涌HHalogen 卤素hand compressed air driller 手风钻hand-cart switch 手车式开关handhole 手孔hardened and tempered 调质hard-fill dam 硬填坝hardness 硬度hardware 硬件hardwired link 硬布线连接harmonic analyzer 谐波分析仪harmonic wave test 谐波试验harmonic 谐波harmoniously 和谐地harness 治理harsh class 严酷等级harsh 严酷hatch 吊物孔head cover 顶盖headrace tunnel 引水洞heartfelt thanks 忠心感谢heat endurance lever 耐热水平heat sink 散热器heat-dissipating area 散热区域heat-dissipating 散热hereinafter the same 下同hexagon 六角hierarchical 分层等级high pressure oil lifting device 高压油顶起装置high strength punched thin steel sheet 高强度薄钢板冲片high voltage neutral bushing 高压中性点套管high-conductance 热导性hoist 卷扬机hoisting 起吊holder rack 支架holding company 控股公司hollow 空心homogeneous 均匀homogeneous 同类的、均匀的homologous to 相似horizontal acceleration 水平加速度hot set test 热延伸特性试验hot spot oil temperature 热点油温hot standby 热备用hot standby 热备用hot-dip galvanizing 热浸锌hub 轮彀humidity 湿度hydraulic hoist 液压启闭机hydraulic packing 液压、密封hydraulic thrust 水推力hydraulic wrench 液压扳手hydrogeology 水文地质hydrology 水文hydropower 水电hystersis 迟后IIBRD (International Bank for Reconstruction and Development) 国际复兴开发银行ICC (International Chamber of Commerce) 国际商会IDA (International Development Association) 国际开发协会ideal 理想identical 相同一致identification system 标识系统identification 区别IFB (Invitation for Bids) 招标邀请imitative operation test 模拟动作试验immune to 不受影响免除immunity 免除免疫impact 冲击impact 影响impair 损害妨碍影响impaired mode 容错impedance 阻抗impedance protection relay 阻抗保护继电器impedance voltage 阻抗电压impedance 阻抗impede 妨碍impeller 叶轮impending 迫近imperative 迫切imperfection 缺陷impervious（blanket）防渗（阻漏毡）implementation 实施impregnate 充填饱和impregnate 充填impulse withstand voltage 雷电冲击耐受电压In the light of 由于inadequate 不充足inaugurated 就职典礼incandescent 白炽的incidental 附带incineration 烧尽焚化火葬inclined cable shaft 电缆斜井inclinometers 倾斜仪inclusions 夹杂income tax 所得税incoming line circuit breaker 进线断路器inconsistent/consistent 不一致/一致increment 增量increments 增加incur 招至损失indemnify …….against（from）保护..避免indemnity 赔偿independent duplicate regulating channel 独立双调节通道index 指标indispensable for 必不可少的indispensable 不可缺少的，必不可少的indoor 户内induced current 感应电流induced voltage 感应电压induced 诱发inductance 电感industrial television monitoring system 工业电视监视系统inertia (GD2) 惯性inevitable 不可避免inferior to 次于infiltration 渗透infinite 无限inflation 膨胀率infrared temperature detector 红外线测温仪infrared 红外线infringement 违反ingress 进入inherent 固有inhibit 禁止initial corona discharge voltage 起晕电压initial cost estimate 投资估算initial 最初initiating 起动inlet line 进线inlet valve body 进水阀阀体inlet valve pressure oil pipes 进水阀压力油管路inlet valve rotor 进水阀活门inlet valve sealing ring 进水阀止水环。

Probability distributions of Correlation and Differentials in Block Ciphers

Probability distributions of Correlation and Differentials in Block Ciphers

1
1
Introduction
Differential and linear cryptanalysis are the two most powerful general purpose cryptographic attacks known to date. In this paper we identify the properties of block ciphers that determine their resistance against these attacks. We make explicit the relations between the identified properties and derive their probability distributions.
Key Words: Block ciphers, Probability Distributions, Differential cryptanalysis, Linear cryptanalysis
∗ †
STMicroelectronics IAIK, Graz University of Technology and Cryptomathic
1.1
Differential and linear cryptanalysis
In their basic form, both attacks retrieve key information from the last round by analyzing (large) amounts of plaintext/ciphertext pairs. The key information acquired is then used to find even more key bits until the full key is found. Differential cryptanalysis is a chosen-plaintext attack where plaintexts are applied in pairs that have a fixed difference [5]. The attack exploits the non-uniformity in the distribution of differences in the outputs of a map α, when pairs of inputs with a fixed difference are applied. The non-uniformity exploited can be a differential with a high probability, or, for more advanced versions of the attack, a differential with probability zero, or a combination of differentials with a high probability. In the first type of differential attack, α equals the block cipher. The information on the ciphertext (output) pairs and plaintext (input) pairs is used to derive information on the key (input). If the distribution of output differences has a large peak with value P , the amount of plaintext/ciphertext pairs for the attack to be successful is proportional to P −1 . P is called the differential probability (DP). In the second type of differential attack, α is only a part of the block cipher. The map α is selected in such a way that its inputs and outputs can be computed from the plaintext and ciphertext and a ‘small’ number of key bits (typically 10 to 20 key bits). As in the first type of attack, the required amount of plaintext/ciphertext pairs is proportional to DP−1 . In general, DP depends on the key. Hence, the probability of success given a certain amount of plaintext/ciphertext pairs is key-dependent. Linear cryptanalysis is a known-plaintext attack [20]. It exploits the correlation between linear combinations of input bits and linear combinations of output bits of a non-linear map α. In the first type of linear attack, α equals the block cipher. The information on the ciphertext (output) and the plaintext (input) is used to derive information on the key (input). If the correlation between input and output equals C , the required amount of known plaintexts is proportional to C −2 . In the second type of linear attack, α is only a part of the block cipher. The map α is selected in such a way that its inputs and outputs can be computed from the plaintext and ciphertext and a ‘small’ number of key bits (typically 10 to 20 key bits). If there is a linear combination of input bits and output bits of α that correlate to zero with a correlation value C while all other linear combinations have a negligible correlation, then it is possible to recover the key bits involved in the computation. In this attack the required amount of known plaintext for the attack to be successful is proportional to C −2 . The quantity C 2 is generally denoted by the term linear probability (or rather potential ) (LP ). In general, LP depends on the key and hence the probability of success given a certain amount of known plaintext is key-dependent. Both linear and differential cryptanalysis have been improved with smart techniques that make them more efficient. Moreover, they have been extended in several ways and new attacks have been published that are related to them. The best known extensions are partitioning cryptanalysis [11] and truncated differentials [17]. Other attacks use difference propagation 2

M.2135 Guidelines for evaluation of radio interface technologies for IMT-Advanced

M.2135 Guidelines for evaluation of radio interface technologies for IMT-Advanced

This Report provides guidelines for both the procedure and the criteria (technical, spectrum and service) to be used in evaluating the proposed IMT-Advanced radio interface technologies (RITs) or Sets of RITs (SRITs) for a number of test environments and deployment scenarios for evaluation. These test environments are chosen to simulate closely the more stringent radio operating environments. The evaluation procedure is designed in such a way that the overall performance of the candidate RIT/SRITs may be fairly and equally assessed on a technical basis. It ensures that the overall IMT-Advanced objectives are met.
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, by any means whatsoever, without written permission of ITU.
Rep. ITU-R M.2135-1
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传染病学英文名词解释简答

传染病学英文名词解释简答

Part I Noun explanation1.convert infection/subclinical infection（隐性感染/亚临床感染）:it means only a special immuneresp onse without or with very mild damage to the host after the age nt en tered which can be diag no sed by serologic means with dem on strati on of either a sin gle high titer or a fourfold rise in titer to the in fecti on .It is the most com mon model.2.carrier state病原携带状态）:it is a person who is colonized with an organism but shows noevidenee of disease, although disease may have been present earlier. A carrier is a very importa nt source of in fectio n as the orga ni sms can be dissem in ated from him.3.source of infection（传染源）：it is referred to a person or animal in which the pathogen stay andmultiply and can be dissem in ated .4.route of transmission传播途径）:the route the pathogen entered another susceptible after bee ndissem in ated from the source of in fectio n.5.susceptible易感者）:it is referred to a person who lacks immunity to a specific infectious disease.6.relapse复发）:it means the return of symptoms after they have apparently ceasedduringconvalescence which is caused by the multiplication of the pathogen in the host. It is often see n in typhoid fever, malaria, et al.7.recrudescence再燃）:it means the reappearance of symptoms after temporary cessation.8.spider angiomata（蜘蛛痣）:Spider angiomata are small red macules with fine red lines radiati ngfrom it like "spider legs". They bla nch whe n compressed 压之褪色）.They represent tiny dilated collateral blood vessels and are seen in patients with chronic hepatitis or cirrhosis.9.window phase（窗口期）:The window phase is the time from exposure to the organism until oneis tested positive for the infection. Some one in the win dow phase may test n egative but actually be positive and able to spread the organism.10.street strain野毒株/街毒株）:it is referred to rabies virus isolated from the naturally infectedanimals or human with strong pathogenecity and long incubation period.11.fixed strain（固定毒株）:After being subcultured in rabbit brain for many times （at least 50times）, the virule nce of the street strain decreased greatly, but its immunogeni city rema in ed. It is called fixed strain and often used for vaccine production.12.Negri body (内基小体):Negri body is pathognomonic for rabies virus infection. It is ovaleosinophilic neuronal cytoplasmic inclusion measuring 3-10 micron in diameter. They are mostconsistenetly seen in the pyramidal cells of hippocampus and Purkinje cells of cerebellum.13.septicemia败血症)：Septicemia is an acute generalized infection caused by the invasion into theblood stream of a pathoge nic or an opport uni stic orga ni sm. While stay ing persiste ntly and multiplying rapidly in the blood stream, these organisms liberate toxins or metabolites which elicit gen eral toxic symptoms and tissue damage of various orga ns.14.rose spots玫瑰疹):They are blanking pink macular spots 2-4 mm in diameter at day 7~13 oftyphoid fever. The rash is see n most com monly on the thorax and abdome n, rarely on back and the extremities.15.herxheimer reaction赫氏反应):It is caused as a direct result of using spirocheticidal drugs (mainlyantibiotics) to treat individuals with a spirochetal disease which results in an in crease in thesymptoms of the treated con diti on.16.ectopic lesion(异位损害):the schistosome eggs and/or adult worm migrate and parasitize theorgans outside the portal venous system and cause damages. It is relatively high in lung and brain.17.Hepatorenal syndrome: Acute renal failure occurring without other cause in a person with severeliver disease. The exact cause of hepatorenal syndrome is unknown. The kidney structure rema ins esse ntially no rmal and the kid neys ofte n will in sta ntly fun cti on well if the liver disease is corrected.18.Widal ' test: A test involving agglutination of typhoid bacilli when they are mixed with serumcontaining typhoid an tibodies from an in dividual hav ing typhoid fever; used to detect the prese nee of Salm on ella typhi and S. paratyphi.19.Dane particle: It is complete virion of HBV， and it is composed of envelop and nucleus There areHBsAg glucoprotein and fatty in the envelop, and HBV-DNA, DNAp, HbcAg in the nu cleus .It is the replic on of HBV.20.SIRS: Systemic inflammatory response syndrome:with two or more of followingconditions:①fever(>38°C )or hypothemia(v36°C) ②tachypnea(> 20 breath/min) or PaC02v 4.3 Kpa③ tachycardia (heart rate > 90 beats/mi n)④ leukocytosis(> 12 X1O9/L) or读书破万卷下笔如有神9leucopenia（v 4X10 /L）.Part n :1.the five manifestation of infection（感染过程的五种表现）Pathogen is killed or eliminated;Covert in fectio n or subcli ni cal infection, it is usually the most com mon;Overt infection or cli ni cal in fecti on: the pathoge n en ter the host and caused damages as well as immuno logical resp on se. It is usually easy to be recog ni zed in cli ni cs.Carrier state: It is a very important source of infection;Late nt infection: it is usually see n in herpesviridae, tuberculosis, malaria, et al.2.Please describe briefly the factors involved in the pathogenecity of a pathogenic病能力包括哪几个方面）？Inv asive ness: the ability of the age nt to en ter and to move through tissues;Virule nee: it is con sists of tox ins and other virule nt factors;Quan tity: bigger qua ntity, stron ger pathoge necity in the same disease;Variability: The pathoge n may mutate un der the pressure of the en vir onment or host.3.the prerequisite of an epidemic of a com muni cable disease传染病流行的必要条件）Three prerequisite are required for a com muni cable disease to spread. First, there must be a source of in fectio n which dissem in ate pathoge n con ti nu ously. Second, there must some pers ons who lack special immunity to the disease,ie, susceptible. Last, the pathogen must reach the susceptible, the route of tran smissi on.4.the basic characteristic of com muni cable disease 传染病的基本特征）？The main differe nee betwee n com muni cable disease and other disease is that the former has four basic characteristics. All com muni cable diseases are in fectious diseases and both are caused by a pathoge n. But the former have in fectivity/ com muni cability, it is the main differe nce betwee n them. And com muni cable diseaseshave some epidemiological feature. I n additi on, there is post-i nfectio n immun ity no matter covert in fecti on or overt in fectio n.5.clinical characteristics / diagnostic criteria of fulminant hepatitis/hepatitis gravis（重型肝炎的诊断标准）?Fulminant hepatitis is a rare syndrome usually associated with hepatitis B. It is characterized byrapid clinical deterioration. Its diagnostic criteria in our country is:Severe digestive disorder: poor feed ing, n ausea and freque nt vomit ing, fatigue;Progressively deepe ned jaun dice;Hepatoe ncephalopathy;Hepatore nal syn drome;Decreased volume of liver;Bleed ing pronen ss;Rapidly in creased ascites6.cli ni cal characteristics / diag no stic criteria of cholestatic hepatitis?Clinical symptoms Jaun dice is the main mani festati on and it lasts Ion ger tha n three weeks. Skin itch is usually more severe at ni ght. Rashesca n occur on the n eck, chest, back,and wrists. Stool color becomes lighter and urine color becomes darker. Although there can be many symptoms, the patient usually will not feel extremely ill.Laboratory tests: Direct bilirub in in the serum elevated and its proporti on is more than 60% of the total bilirubin. Serum combined bile acid elevated to 10 to 20 times higher than the normal range. AKP, GGT, cholesterol, and 5- nucleotidase are obviously elevated, and the ALT elevati on is moderate.B-Ultrasound: It can distinguish intra or extra liver obstruction. mon / main mani festati on of acute viral hepatitisMalaise, ano rexia, fever, dark urine, pale stools, ja un dice, right upper quadra nt pain and ten der hepatomegaly;In creased liver en zymes (ALT, AST), bilirub in, prothromb in time and globuli n; Serumpositive for hepatic virus;May have history of recent ingestion of undercooked shellfish or sewage-c on tam in ated water.8..the key points of blood culture(1)before administration of antibiotics and during chills or high fever；(2)repeat more than 3 times(3)the amount of the blood sample should be> 10ml in adults or older children, > 5ml ininfan ts；(4)blood samples should be treated with chemicals if antibiotics was used before or use blood clot for culture.(5)bone marrow culture is recommended;(6)drug sen sitivity test is very n ecessary.9. therapeutic prin cipals of fulminant menin gococcal menin gitis?①specific antibiotics should be given intravenously promptly. The preferred drug is penicillin;②an ti-shock therapy;③use of glucocorticoids(糖皮质激素)such as methylprednisolone or DXM;④if cli ni cal sig ns suggest cerebral edema or the cerebrosp inal fluid pressure is very high, measures to reduce brain swelli ng are in dicated;⑤an ticoagula nt therapy if DIC is prese nt;⑥supportive therapy to mai nta in vital orga ns.10 mai n mani festati ons of acute schistosomiasis?The majority of in fected pers on are asymptomatic or have mild, non specific symptoms. On ly5 to 10 percent of infected populations have severe clinical symptoms. They include chills, spik ing fever, gen eralized weak ness, myalgia, headache, ano rexia, profuse diarrhea, and weight loss. Exte nsive urticaria may occur in large patches on various parts of the body. Nausea and vomiti ng are com mon and cough may be prominent. The fever usually lyses spontan eously 2 to10 weeks after on set.Physical findings are usually minimal but many include urticaria, patches of moist rales over both lung fields, gen eralized lymphade no pathy,a nd hepatosple no megalyMarked elevati on of peripheral blood eos in ophilia is com mon..11.Hemodialysis in dicatio n :⑴Oliguric lasts> 4d, or anuria〉24h(2)Concentration of blood urea nitrogen and creatinine increased:BuN 28.56mmol/l(3)High catabolism state⑷ Hyperkalemia,(5) Pul monary edema or hypervolemic syn drome12.Please describe the clinical manifestitation of typhoid fever at fastigium stage.susta ined feve、relative bradycardiarose spotssymptom of gastr oin testi nal system (such as abdo minal pain diarrhea、con stipati on)、symptom of cen tral n ervous system (such as dull expression slight deaf nes®) hepatosple no megaly。

签名与网络编码

签名与网络编码
Preventing Pollution Attacks in Multi-Source Network Coding
Shweta Agrawal1 Dan Boneh2
1 2
Xavier Boyen2
and David Freeman3 †
University of Texas at Austin, shweta.a@. Stanford University, {dabo,xb}@ 3 CWI and Universiteit Leiden, freeman@cwi.nl
1
Introduction
Network coding [2, 17] is an elegant technique that replaces the traditional “store and forward” paradigm of network routing by a method that allows routers to transform the received data before re-transmission. It has been established that for certain classes of networks, random linear coding is sufficient to improve throughput [11]. In addition, linear network codes offer robustness and adaptability and have many practical applications (in wireless and sensor networks, for example) [10]. Due to these advantages, network coding has become very popular. On the other hand, networks using network coding are exposed to problems that traditional networks do not face. A particularly important instance of this is the pollution problem: if some routers in the network are malicious and forward invalid combinations of received packets, then these invalid packets get mixed with valid packets downstream and quickly pollute the whole network. In addition, the receiver who obtains multiple packets has no way of ascertaining which of these are valid and should be used for decoding. Indeed, using even one invalid packet during the decodin decoded wrongly. For a detailed discussion of pollution attacks, we refer the reader to [4, 19, 12]. To prevent the network from being flooded with invalid packets, it is desirable to have “hopby-hop containment.” This means that even if a bad packet gets injected into the network, it is detected and discarded at the very first hop. Thus, it can be dropped before it is combined with any other packets, preventing its pollution from spreading. Hop-by-hop containment cannot be achieved by standard signatures or MACs. As pointed out in [1], signing the message packets does not help since recipients do not have the original message packets and therefore cannot verify the signature. Nor does signing the entire message prior to transmission work, because it forces the recipient to decode exponentially many subsets of received packets to find a decoded message with a consistent signature. Thus, new integrity mechanisms are needed to mitigate pollution attacks.

BS EN 12663-2000 铁路设备 铁路车辆车身的结构要求

BS EN 12663-2000 铁路设备 铁路车辆车身的结构要求
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美国FDA分析方法验证指引中英文对照

美国FDA分析方法验证指引中英文对照

美国FDA分析方法验证指南中英文对照美国FDA分析方法验证指南中英文对照八、、I.INTRODUCTIONThis guida nee provides recomme ndati ons to applica nts on submitt ing an alytical procedures, validati on data, and samples to support the docume ntati on of the identity, strength, quality, purity, and potency of drug substances and drug products.1.绪论本指南旨在为申请者提供建议，以帮助其提交分析方法，方法验证资料和样品用于支持原料药和制剂的认定，剂量，质量，纯度和效力方面的文件。

This guida nce is in ten ded to assist applica nts in assembli ng in formati on, submitt ing samples, and prese nti ng data to support an alytical methodologies. The recomme ndati ons apply to drug substa nces and drug products covered in new drug applicati ons (NDAs), abbreviated new drug applicati ons (ANDAs), biologics license applications (BLAs), product license applications (PLAs), and supplements to these即plicatio ns.本指南旨在帮助申请者收集资料，递交样品并资料以支持分析方法。

广泛李萨如图形的形成原理和特性

广泛李萨如图形的形成原理和特性

第31卷专刊应用光学V01．31Sup．2010年12月Journal of Applie d O p t ic s Dec．2010文章编号：1002—2082(2010)S0-0207-05广泛李萨如图形的形成原理和特性王公正，闫晓敏，崔晓燕(陕西师范大学物理学与信息技术学院．陕西西安710062)摘要：传统的李萨如图形是两个互相垂直的简谐振动合成后的振动图形。

用三角波周期信号和余弦波周期信号合成李萨如图形，并且对图形及其合成原理和相位参量等作了分析，广泛李萨如图形具有周期性、对称性、封闭性、稳定性。

关键词：三角周期信号；余弦周期信号；李萨如图形；相位参量中图分类号：TMl31文献标志码：APrin cip le an d characteristic of ex ten si ve Lissaj O U S figureW A N G Gong—zheng，YAN Xia o-m i n。

C U I xi ao-yan(College o f Physics&InformationTechnol ogy．Sha anx i Normal University，Xi’an710062，C h in a)Abstract：Tra ditional Lissajous fi gu r e i s g s y n th e s i z e d by two simple ha r mo n ic v i b r a t i on s w h i c ha r e perpendicul ar t o ea ch o th er．Th e si g n al s o n the d i re c t i o n of z and Y a r e si ne p e r i od i c s i gn a l so r co s in e pe r i od i c s i g na l s in t h e g e n e r i c dates o r l i t er a t ur e s．I n th is pa pe r，we use d o n e t ria ng u—lar pe r io d i c si g na l a n d o n e cos i n e p e r i o d si g na l t o compose th e extensive Lissajous figur e，an d analyzed its synthetic principle，phase pa ra m et er a n d etc．F ina lly。

JUMO CTI-500 导導性电导率 浓度和温度传感器转换器说明书

JUMO CTI-500 导導性电导率 浓度和温度传感器转换器说明书

Page 1/17Data Sheet 202755JUMO CTI-500Inductive Conductivity/Concentration and Temperature Transmitter with switch contacts Type 202755Brief descriptionThe instrument is used for the measurement/control of conductivity or concentration in liquid media. It is particularly suitable for application in media where severe deposits of dirt, oil, grease or gypsum/lime precipitates are to be expected. The integrated temperature measurement enables fast and accurate temperature compensation, which is of special importance when measuring conductivity. Additional functions permit the combined changeover of measuring range and temperature coefficient.Two built-in switching outputs can be freely programmed to monitor conductivity/concentration and /or temperature limits. It is also possible to assign alarm and control functions (dilution).The instrument is operated either from the membrane keypad and plain-text graphics display (operator language can be changed over) or through the user-friendly PC setup program. The display can be read off by simply rotating the housing cover. This applies to the installation both in horizontally and vertically arranged pipes. By using the setup program, the instrument configuration data can be saved for plant documentation and printed out. To prevent any tampering, the instrument can also be supplied without keypad or display. In this case, the setup program is needed for programming.The JUMO CTI-500 is available either as a combined unit (transmitter and measuring cell together in one unit) or as a split version (transmitter and cell connected by cable). The split version is particularly suitable for plant subjected to strong vibration and/or significant heat radiation at the measurement point, or for installation on sites that are difficult to access.Immersion models up to 2000 mm are available for application in open containers or sluices. Typical areas of application: Freshwater and wastewater engineering, air conditioning systems and cooling tower monitoring (dilution control), rinsing baths (e.g. monitoring electroplating baths), inlet and final checks in factory water treatment plant, concentration monitoring, vehicle wash plant, etc.Block structureKey features•Activation of up to four ranges •Activation of up to four temperature coefficients •Concentration measurement of - caustic soda NaOH - nitric acid HNO 3- a freely definable curve(through the setup program)•Fast-response temperature sensor •Temperature compensation - linear- natural water- individual characteristic (learning function)•Operation- via keypad and LC display - through setup program•Operator languages: English, French, German, Italian, Dutch, Spanish, Polish, Portuguese, Russian, Swedish •By using the setup program:- user-friendly programming - plant documentation•Learning function for the temperature coefficient•Individual characteristic for concentration indication •Dilution controlPage 2/17 Data Sheet 202755Functional description The inductive measurement method permits largely maintenance-free acquisition of the specific conductivity, even in the toughest media conditions. As opposed to the conductive measurement method, problems such as electrode decomposition and polarization do not occur.The conductivity is measured using an inductive probe. A sinusoidal a.c. voltage feeds the transmitting coil. Depending on the conductivity of the liquid to be measured, a current is induced in the receiver coil. The current is proportional to the conductivity of the medium.Instrument descriptionMeasuring cellThe measuring cell consists of a hermetically sealed polypropylene (PP) or polyvinyl-idenefluoride (PVDF) body inside which the two measurement coils are arranged. A bore in the measuring cell enables the medium to flow through. The measurement principle entails an inevitable electrical isolation(1)Temperature sensor, exposed(1a)optionally: internal(2)Cell body in PP(3)Measurement coils(4)Liquid loopExposed temperature sensorThe sensor (in a stainless steel sleeve) exhibits a very fast response to temperature variations. This is especially important for CIP processes (phase separation).Internal temperature sensorThe sensor is integrated in the PP body. This construction ensures that no metal parts come into contact with the sample medium (important with corrosive media). However, temperature acquisition is somewhat slower here.Temperature compensationSince conductivity largely depends on thetemperature of the medium, it is usuallynecessary to compensate for the temperatureeffect.The instrument allows both linear and non-linear temperature compensation.If required, temperature compensation can beswitched off, for example, when thetemperature conditions on the measurementsite are stable or when temperaturecompensation is carried out in the software, inexternal evaluation devices (PLC or similar).Process connectionsTo cover a wide variety of applications, theinstrument can be supplied with differentprocess connections (also as an immersionmodel), see dimensions.Installation at the measurementpointThe operating position is generallyunrestricted. However, it is essential to ensurethat there is a continuous exchange of thesample liquid in the flow channel.TransmitterThe CTI-500 transmitter has been designedfor use on site. A rugged housing protects theelectronics and the electrical connectionsfrom corrosive environmental conditions(IP67).A vent screw with a PTFE membrane preventscondensation.OperationThe JUMO CTI-500 can be operated eitherfrom the instrument keys and the graphics LCdisplay and/or through the setup programfrom a PC or laptop.The instrument can be secured againstunauthorized alteration by a password.Functions of the outputsAnalog outputs•One analog signal output for conductivity/concentration and temperaturerespectively.•The analog output signals are freelyscalable (range start and end values).•The response of the analog outputs toover/underrange or alarm can beprogrammed.•Simulation of the signal output:The analog signal outputs can be freely setin the manual mode.Application: “Dry-run” start-up of the plant,trouble-shooting, servicing.Displays and controls(1)Graphics LC display(2)LEDs for the switching status indication of the outputs K1 and K2(3)KeysVersion without a displayOperation/configuration throughthe setup program onlyVersion with a displayOperation/configuration fromthe keys or through the setupprogramPage 3/17Data Sheet 202755Graphics LC display (1)Switching output 1 or 2 is active (2)Binary input 1 or 2 is operated (3)Keypad is inhibited (4)Alarm has been activated (5)Instrument is in manual mode (6)Instrument status (7)Temperature of medium (8)Conductivity measurement (9)Unit of conductivity measurementSwitching outputsThe instrument features two floating switching outputs (solid-state relays) as standard.These can be used freely for monitoring the conductivity/concentration or the temperature.The following functions can be assigned:❏Limit monitoring (MAX. or MIN. limit comparator) with programmable hysteresis ❏Pulse function (the output switches briefly on reaching the switching point, then opens again).❏Pull-in and drop-out delay ❏Inverted switching outputs❏Response to overrange/underrange or with activated measuring circuit monitoring (pull-in/drop-out).❏“Calibration timer run down" signal.Contact functions(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)Alarm window 1Alarm window 2Pulse contactTrigger conditions longer than pulse timePulse contactTrigger conditions shorter than pulse timeBinary inputsThe two binary inputs serve to implement the following functions:–Key inhibit –HOLD mode–4-fold range changeover–4-fold temperature coefficient changeover–Initiation of dilution function and biocide dosingSpecial functions•The learning function for the temperature coefficient enables exact measurement of media with a non-linear characteristic. During a temperature change, the instrument “learns” the temperature coefficient of the present medium and stores the profile. The stored values then enable the correct indication of thetemperature-compensated conductivity.•Individual characteristic for concentration indication.An individual characteristic with 20 interpolation points can be enteredthrough the setup program. This function can be used to generate specialcharacteristics for specific media (e.g. special detergents). This results in correct measurements that contribute to assuring the quality and saving costs.•Dilution controlVarious processes that find theirapplication in wet cooling towers arestored as sequence control (biocide dosing and subsequent inhibiting of dilution). Additional information can be found in the operating manual.•Calibration timerThe calibration timer draws your attention to a calibration schedule. This function is activated by entering a number of days, after which recalibration has to be carried out (plant or operator requirement).Page 4/17Data Sheet 202755Technical dataGeneralA/D converterresolution:15 bitsampling time:500msec=2 meas. per secSupplyFor operation with SELV andPELV circuits.As standard:19 — 31V DC (24V DC nominal),the instrument incorporates reverse-polarity protectionripple:< 5%extra code 844:24 V AC ±10%, 50 — 60 Hzpower consumptionwith display:≤ 3 Wpower consumptionwithout display:≤ 2.6 WRating of the solid-state relaysU < 50 V AC/DCI ≤ 200 mAElectrical connectionplug-in screw terminals 2.5 mm2 orM12 plug/socket connectorsDisplay (option)graphics LCD with background lighting; contrast is adjustabledimensions: 62 x 23 mmPermissible ambient temp. (transmitter)-5 to +50°Cmax. 93% rel. humidity, no condensationPermissible storage temp. (transmitter)-10 to +75°Cmax. 93% rel. humidity, no condensationEnclosure protection (transmitter)IP67Housingpolyamide (PA)Weightdepending on version and processconnectionapprox. 0.3 — 2kgConductivity/concentrationtransmitterConcentration measurement(implemented in the instrument software)–NaOH (caustic soda)0 —15 % by weight or 25 — 50 % byweight–HNO3 (nitric acid)0 —25 % by weight or 36 — 82 % byweight–customer-specific concentration curve,reely programmable through the setupprogram (see “special functions”)Calibration timeradjustable: 0 — 999 days (0 = off)Output signal for conductivity/concentration0 — 10 V / 10 — 0 V2 — 10 V / 10 — 2 V0 — 20 mA / 20 — 0 mA4 — 20 mA / 20 — 0.4 mAThe output signal is freely scalable.Burden≤ 500Ω for current output≥ 2kΩ for voltage outputAnalog output with “Alarm”Low (0 mA / 0 V / 3.4 mA / 1.4 V)orHigh (22.0 mA / 10.7 V)ora fixed settingMeasuring rangesFour ranges can be selected. One of theseranges can be activated via an external switchor a PLC.Note:The overall tolerance is made up of thetolerance of the transmitter + the tolerance ofthe sensor.Temperature transmitterTemperature acquisitionmanually -200 to 25.0 to 150°C/°For automaticallyTemperature measuring range-200 to 150°C/°FCharacteristiclinearAccuracy≤ 0.5% of measuring rangeAmbient temperature error≤ 0.1%/°CResponse timewith exposed temperature sensort09≤ 6 secwith internal temperature sensort09≤ 2 minOutput signal for temperature0 — 10 V / 10 — 0 V2 — 10 V / 10 — 2 V0 — 20 mA / 20 — 0 mA4 — 20 mA / 20 — 0.4 mAThe output signal is freely scalable withinthe range -20 to +200°C.The sensor can be applied within the range-10 to +100°C.Burden≤ 500Ω for current output≥ 2kΩ for voltage outputMeas. rangesTransmitterTolerance(in % of rangespan)0—500 µS/cm≤0.5%0—1000 µS/cm0—2000 µS/cm0—5000 µS/cm0—10 mS/cm0—20 mS/cm0—50 mS/cm0—100 mS/cm0—200 mS/cm0—500 mS/cm0—1000 mS/cm0—2000 mS/cm aa not compensated for temperatureFunction of the binary inputsSetting parameters Binary input 1Binary input 2Measuring range/ temperature coefficient changeover Range1/TC1open open Range2/TC2closed open Range3/TC3open closed Range4/TC4closed closedKey inhibit closed X “Hold” function X closed Start dilution function close (edge 0 - 1)openStop dilution function open close (edge 0 - 1)Page 5/17 Data Sheet 202755Analog output for “Alarm”Low (0 mA / 0 V / 3.4 mA / 1.4 V)orHigh (22.0 mA / 10.7 V)ora fixed settingTemperature compensationReference temperature15 to 30°C, adjustableTemperature coefficient0.0 to 5.5%/°C, adjustableCompensation range-20 to 150°CFunction–linear–natural water (EN 27 888)–non-linear (learning function, see specialfunctions)SensorMaterialPP (polypropylene), suitable for foodstuffsNote:Temperature, pressure and samplemedium affect the life of the cell!Temperature of the sample mediumPressure10bar max. at 20°C6 bar max. at 60°CProcess-connectionmax.temperature16870660°C16960761769080°Cshort term100°CMeasuring rangeSensorTolerance(in % of rangespan)0—500 µS/cm≤1%0—1000 µS/cm0—2000 µS/cm≤0.5%0—5000 µS/cm0—10 mS/cm0—20 mS/cm0—50 mS/cm0—100 mS/cm0—200 mS/cm0—500 mS/cm0—1000 mS/cm≤1%0—2000 mS/cm a1a not compensated for temperature. Electrical connection - head transmitter (transmitter with cable glands (-82))Data Sheet 202755Page 6/17Data Sheet 202755Page 7/17 Electrical connection (transmitter with M12 connectors (-83))Data Sheet 202755Page 8/17 DimensionsSensor (detail)Page 9/17Data Sheet 202755DimensionsDrilling diagramTransmitter with M12 plug connectors and M12 socket connectorsVersion:Transmitter with separate sensor (split version)(basic type extensions /20, /25, /60 or /65)Transmitter with M16 cable gland(only for the "head transmitter" model)Data Sheet 202755Page 10/17Dimensions / Process connections (head transmitter)Data Sheet 202755Page 11/17Dimensions / Process connections (separate sensor)Page 12/17Data Sheet 202755Dimensions (separate sensor as immersion model)Optional accessory:flange DN32, part no. 00083375Optional accessory:flange DN50, part no. 00083376Page 13/17Data Sheet 202755Mounting examplesWeld-on threaded pipe adapterDN50, DIN 11 851(mating component for proc. connection 607),part no. 00085020DN ø D L H MaterialMaximum temperature Part no.324098172PVC+60°C00439247405011817700439249324088179PP +80°C00449511405010218100449514506312418100449516Data Sheet 202755Page 14/17 Kit for pipe mountingPage 15/17Data Sheet 202755Order details: CTI-500 as “Head transmitter”x = standardo = available as an option(1)Basic type202755JUMO CTI-500 - Inductive transmitter/switching device for conductivity/concentration and temperature (2)Basic type extensions10head transmitter without display/keypad a a The PC setup program is required for programming the instrument, see accessories 15head transmitter with display/keypad (3)Process connection o o 168PVC union nut G11/2A b,cb Special tee is not included in delivery, see accessoriesc Maximum temperature of medium: 60 °Co o 169stainless steel union nut G11/2A bo o 607screwed pipe fitting DN50, DIN 11 851(MK DN50, milk cone)o o 617clamp connection 21/2", ISO 2852d d Mounting items (mounting brackets) do not come with delivery. If required, please include in your order (accessories)o o 690SMS 2"(4)Immersion length o o 0see dimensions (5)Electrical connection o o 82cable glandso o 83M12 plug/socket connectors (instead of the cable glands)e e If required, order 1 set M12 plug / socket connectors, see accessorieso o 84two M16 cable glands and one blind grommet (6)Extra codes x x 000no extra codeo o 268internal temperature sensor o o 768cell material PVDF f fOnly with process connections 168 and 169, in combination with extra code 268o o844supply 24AC V ±10%(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(6)Order code /---/,...aaList extra codes in sequence, separated by commasOrder example202755/10-108--82/000Page 16/17Data Sheet 202755Order details: CTI-500 as “Transmitter with separate sensor”x = standard0 = available as an option – = not available(1)Basic type202755JUMO CTI-500 - Inductive transmitter/switching device for conductivity/concentration and temperature (2)Basic type extensions20transmitter without display/keypad (without sensor)a,b a The PC setup program is required for programming the instrument, see accessoriesb A calibration kit is absolutely essential for commissioning. If required, please include in your order (accessories)25transmitter with display/keypad (without sensor)b60transmitter without display/keypad including sensor (cable length: 10 m)a 65transmitter with display/keypad including sensor (cable length: 10 m)80replacement sensor with a 10 m long cable without transmitter b,c c Mounting items (union/ring nuts, mounting brackets) do not come with delivery. If required, please include in your order (accessories)(3)Process connection x x000not availableo o o 168PVC union nut G11/2A (media temperature: 60°C max.)d,e d Special tee is not included in delivery e Maximum temperature of medium: 60 °Co o o 169stainless steel union nut G11/2A do o o 607screwed pipe fitting DN50, DIN 11 851(MK DN50, milk cone)o o o 617clamp connection 21/2", ISO 2852c o o o 690SMS 2"o o o 706immersion model(4)Immersion length x x0not available o o o 5000500 mm o o o 10001000 mm o o o 15001500 mmo o o 20002000 mm (max. length)o o oxxxxspecial length (in 250 mm steps; e.g. 0250; 0750; 1250; 1750)(5)Electrical connectionx21attached cable with M12 socket connector on separate sensor o o o o 82cable glands on the operating unito o o o 83M12 plug/socket connectors on operating unit f f If required, order 1 set M12 plug / socket connectors, see accessorieso o o o 84two cable glands and one blind grommet (6)Extra codes x x x x x 000no extra code--o o o268internal temperature sensor o o 768cell material PVDF g gOnly with process connections 168 and 169, in combination with extra code 268o o o o844supply voltage 24 V AC(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(6)Order code /---/,...aaList extra codes in sequence, separated by commasOrder example202755/65-108-1000-21/000Page 17/17Data Sheet 202755Stock items (shipment: 3 days after receipt of order)Production items(shipment: 10 days after receipt of order)AccessoriesTypePart no.202755/10-168-0-82/00000445842202755/15-168-0-82/00000445843202755/15-607-0-82/00000445845TypePart no.202755/65-607-0-82/00000445840TypePart no.Weld-on threaded adapter DN50, DIN 11 851 (mating component for process connection -607)00085020Special tee DN32, PVC, including threaded socket aa with anti-rotation lug - the cell can only be installed in the correct orientationmax. 60°C, mating component for process connection -16800439247Special tee DN40, PVC, including threaded socket a00439249Union nut G1 1/2, PVC00439199Union nut G1 1/2, stainless steel 00452039Ring nut DN50, DIN 11 85100343368Ring nut SMS DN2" 00345162Flange DN32, material: PPbbonly in conjunction with a separate sensor in the immersion version 202755/60-706-... or 202755/65-706-... or 202755/80-706-...00083375Flange DN50, material: PP b00083376Kit for pipe mounting, stainless steel 00515128Kit for DIN rail mounting00459903Shackle for CTI-500 sensor and immersion fitting with diameter 40 mm 00453191M12 socket connector, 5-pole, straight, for assembly by user necessary for versions 202755/xx-xxx-xxxx-83/xxx 00444313M12 plug connector, 8-pole, straight, for assembly by user 00444307M12 socket connector, 8-pole, straight, for assembly by user replacement part for sensor 202755/80...00444312PC setup software for JUMO CTI-50000447634PC interface cable with TTL / RS232 converter and adapter (serial connection cable)00350260PC interface cable with USB / TTL converter and two adapters (USB connection cable)00456352Switched-mode power supply for DIN rail mounting,Type PS5R-A24input voltage:AC 100to 240V /50to 60Hz output voltage:DC 24V , 0.3A00374661Cover with LC display and keypad (facilitates the programming of transmitters without display and keypad)00443725Special tee DN32, PPaincluding threaded socket (max. 80°C), mating component for process connection -16900449511Special tee DN40, PP a 00449514Special tee DN50, PP a00449516Calibration kit (for calibrating a replacement transmitter or replacement sensor)00459436M12 plug/socket connectors set, suitable for electrical connection 8300529482Additional concentration curves for the usual acids and lyes (20 interpolation points in tabular form),for entry on the CTI-500 through the setup program.on request。

CARDIOHELPINTERFACEPRESENTER（CIP）USERGUIDE

CARDIOHELPINTERFACEPRESENTER（CIP）USERGUIDE
• The CARDIOHELP Interface Presenter is run in the browser of your computer/laptop. Versions for Internet Explorer/Google Chrome and Mozilla Firefox/Safari are available to download. Please note that if you download the wrong version or if you use an old browser version, it might not be possible to run some features of the Presenter correctly.
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• Disposables & Accessories: This section contains information on the sets that can be operated with the respective thApp in addition to images and videos on the topics of Catheters & Cannulae and Transport, as well as a picture of a fully equipped sprinter cart. When the fully equipped sprinter cart is opened, the individual components are named by means of mouse-over effects.
MAQUET Cardiopulmonary AG | Kehler Strasse 31, 76437 Rastatt, Germany, Phone: +49 (0)7222 932-0, Fax: +49 (0)7222 932-1888

景观规划中的生态廊道宽度

景观规划中的生态廊道宽度

第25卷第9期2005年9月生 态 学 报A CTA ECOLO G I CA S I N I CA V o l .25,N o.9Sep.,2005景观规划中的生态廊道宽度朱　强,俞孔坚,李迪华(北京大学景观设计学研究院,北京　100871)基金项目:国家文物局京杭大运河遗产廊道研究资助项目(20030100);浙江省台州市生态基础设施暨开放空间系统研究资助项目(2004)收稿日期:2005203216;修订日期:2005207204作者简介:朱强(1978～),男,湖北人,博士生,主要从事景观规划与城市设计、景观生态学、G IS 应用研究.E 2m ail:qiangzhulaphd@sohu .com 致谢:张蕾、李海龙、李伟、刘柯、姬婷等参加资料收集和讨论工作,深表谢意Foundation ite m :T he research of the Grand Canal heritage co rrido r funded by N ati onal Bureau of Cultural R elics (N o .20030100);T he research of eco logical infrastructure and open space system ,T aizhou ,Zhejiang P rovinceRece ived date :2005203216;Accepted date :2005207204Biography :ZHU Q iang ,Ph .D .candidate ,R esearch assistant ,m ainly eangaged in landscape p lanning and urban design ,landscape eco logy ,G IS app licati on .E 2m ail :qiangzhulaphd @sohu .com摘要:生态廊道具有保护生物多样性、过滤污染物、防止水土流失、防风固沙、调控洪水等多种功能。

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