高三复习 非谓语动词

一．非谓语动词作主语的形式常见的有四种to do/ to be done / doing / being done 动名词侧重经常性不定式侧重将来或特定的某一次。做题时偶尔还会见到(not)having done /(not)having been done 二. 1.非谓语动词作表语四种：to do/ to be done / doing / being done

2.动词不定式作表语，如果前面有实意动词do 的某种形式，做表语的不定式常省略to.

3.表示情感或心理活动的词，如excited 含义是兴奋的exciting 含义是令人兴奋的修饰人的表情声音神态等常用excited, 如兴奋的声音an excited voice

三．非谓语动词作宾语

1.试图做某事attempt to do

承认做某事admit doing / having done

考虑做某事consider doing

同意做某事agree to do

逃脱做某事escape doing

推迟做某事delay /put off doing

冒险做某事risk doing

不能负担得起can’t afford to do

未能做成某事fail to do

建议做某事advise/ suggest doing

设法做成某事manage to do

拒绝做某事refuse to do

2. forget/ remember doing / having done

记得还是忘了以前曾近做的事

forget / remember to do 记得、忘了要去做对做过的事情感到后悔

regret doing / having done

很遗憾地说、告诉、通知

regret to say/ tell / inform

打算做某事mean to do

意味着做某事mean doing

尽力做某事try to do

尝试着做某事try doing

忍不住做某事

can’t help doing / can’t help but do

不能帮助做某事can’t help( to )do

3. 主语需要被做某种处理

need / want / require doing / to be done

应该、值得做某事deserve doing / to be done 值得做某事be worth doing

be worthy of doing / being done

be worthy to do / to be done 4. 有待去看、做

It remains to be seen / done

5. 能够胜任做某事be equal to doing

专心于做某事be devoted to doing

反对做某事object to doing

使某人沦落为做某事reduce sb. to doing

开始着手做某事

get down to doing / set about doing

快要做某事come / be near / close to doing

做某事的关键the key to doing

有助于、导致contribute to doing

四、非谓语作定语

解题第一步放在固定结构中

1.sb. have(有) sth./ sb. to do 主语做

sb. have …to be done 主语不做

2.在序数词最高级the only the very

之前用不定式做后置定语

3.定语从句的省略

介词+which/ whom to do

4.wish /decision / promise/ ability /

chance/ attempt 等+ to 作定语

解题第二步：

1.从时间意义上和主被动关系上区分

表将来主动用to do 被动用to be done

如果构成主动关系（有时还表正在进行）

用doing

如果构成被动关系（已完成）用done ；

正在被做用being done

2. There be +n. doing / being done / done /

to do / to be done

五、非谓语作状语

1. 不定式、分词作状语的基本原则：不定

式分词的逻辑主语必须和句子的主语保

持一致

2. 非谓语动词做状语的解题思路

解题第一步：先判断是不是状语

第二步：先判断是不是固定结构

1.方式状语

1)be + adj. (easy / hard / comfortable

/pleasant 等) to do (用主动表被动)

2)动词+宾语+ adj. to do

eg. Tom asked the candy makers if they

could make the chocolate easier to break

into small pieces.

adj. 说明的是不定式的情况

2.原因状语

He is lucky __________(study)abroad next

year.

He is lucky ____________(send)abroad

next year.

He is lucky ___________(study)abroad

now.

He is lucky ___________(study)abroad

last year.

He is lucky ____________(send)abroad

last year.

to study / to be sent / to be studying / to

have studied / to have been studied

adj. 说明的是主语的情况

3.Sb. is / was said / reported/

believed/ thought / known / considered

等+ 不定式的五种形式

和主语和谓语

to do / to be done 主/被后发生

to be doing 主动同时

to have done / to have been done主、被之前

第三步：判断是不是用不定式

1）译成为了，是目的状语用to do/ to

be done

2）判断出是结果状语，然后再判断用

（only）to do/ to be done 还是

doing ，不定式表示意想不到的，令

人沮丧的doing 表示自然而然的。

第四步：不是以上几种，其他状语为

分词（判断和主语谓语的关系）

和主语和谓语

doing /done 主/被同时

doing / having done主动同时/先于

having done / having been done 主/被先于

done / having been done 被同时/先于

注意：1. 不定式位于主句之后时不用

逗号隔开，不定式的动作发生在谓语

动作之后。而现在分词表伴随，和谓

语动作同时发生

eg. The secretary worked all night long ,

____________(prepare) a long speech

for the president.

2. be +状态的动词过去分词+介词如

专心于（五种）be buried / lost /

absorbed in / be devoted to

忙于be engaged in /be occupied with

穿着be dressed in

坐在..be seated

相信be convinced of 等

做状语定语补语去掉be 动词就用

3. 状语从句的省略以后的固定结构

when / while / unless / if / though / no

matter how + doing / done

as if / as though + doing / done / to do

4.固定结构

根据…判断judging from

考虑到considering / taking sth. into

account / consideration / allowing for /

think of / that / Given

更多见学案

六、独立主格结构

1.主语2+非谓语，主语1+谓语或互

换位置

2.独立主格结构与定语从句

He wrote a lot of novels , none of it

translated into a foreign language.

He wrote a lot of novels , none of which

is translated into a foreign language.

七、非谓语做补语

1．从固定句型入手：

1)find sb/sth doing 主动进行

done 被动完成

（to be）+ n/adj.

leave + 宾语+ doing / done

get +宾语+ to do 使…做

doing 使…开始做

done 使….被做

2)see sb/sth do 看到某人做完…

doing 看到某人正在… 表主动

being done 正在被做

done 看到…被做（表被动）

另外与动词see有同样句型结构的还

有一感(feel),二听(hear, listen to),五看

(see, look at, notice, watch, observe)

let sb do sth

make sb/sth do/done

三让have sb/sth do sth 让某人干…

doing sth

让某人一直做…让某物一直处于某种状态

done 事情有别人做

不幸

单纯的被动

have sb. doing用于否定句，表示不能

容忍某人做某事

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