旋转电弧传感器机械结构设计英文摘要
机器人机构设计中英文对照外文翻译文献
Abstract
In optimal design for robot structures, design modelsneed to he modified and computed repeatedly. Becausemodifying usually can not automaticallyberun, itconsumes a lot of time.Thispaper gives a method thatuses APDL language of ANSYS5.5software togenerate an optimal control program, which mikeoptimal procedure run automatically and optimalefficiency be improved.
A lot of methods are used in optimization design ofstructure. Finite element method is a much effectivemethod. In general, modeling and modifying are manual,whichisfeasible when model is simple. When modeliscomplicated, optimization timeislonger. In the longeroptimization time, calculation time is usually very little,a majorityoftime is used for modeling and modifying.It is key of improving efficiency of structureoptimization how to reduce modeling and modifyingtime.
高速旋转电弧传感器焊缝自动跟踪系统的研究的开题报告
高速旋转电弧传感器焊缝自动跟踪系统的研究的开题报告一、选题背景与意义随着工业自动化水平的不断提高，焊接技术也逐渐趋向自动化，自动化焊接技术对于提高生产效率、减少劳动力成本、提高焊接质量等方面都有了很大的促进作用。
而自动焊接技术中的自动跟踪系统是其中最重要的部分之一。
在传统的手动焊接中，焊工需要自己掌握焊接技巧，对于焊缝方向的控制也需要进行较为准确的把握。
但在高速旋转电弧焊接技术中，由于焊接速度和旋转速率非常快，要使焊缝跟踪准确又没有智能自动跟踪系统，人工控制显然无法胜任，这时候就需要自动跟踪系统的帮助来完成焊接过程。
因此，开发高速旋转电弧传感器焊缝自动跟踪系统具有重要的实际应用价值和深远的研究意义。
二、研究内容和目标本论文的研究重点是基于高速旋转电弧传感器构建自动跟踪系统，实现对焊缝走向的自动感知并执行相应的焊接动作，从而实现自动化焊接。
具体内容包括以下三个方面：1、设计高速旋转电弧传感器的硬件系统，完成对焊缝传感的实时采集和控制。
2、基于传感器采集的数据，利用图像识别和图像处理技术分析焊缝位置和方向，实现自动把握焊缝方向和跟踪焊缝。
3、根据焊缝方向和跟踪特性，使用PID控制算法或神经网络控制算法，实现对焊接速度和转速的自适应控制。
三、研究方法和技术路线1、硬件系统设计：采用高速旋转电弧传感器作为焊缝采集装置，通过通信模块将采集到的数据传输到上位机进行处理。
传感器硬件模块由传感器模块、驱动模块、采集模块、信号处理模块和通信模块组成。
2、图像识别和处理：采用数字图像处理技术，对采集到的图像进行处理和分析，识别出焊缝的位置和方向。
本研究中使用OpenCV库进行图像处理。
3、控制算法：本研究中将使用PID控制算法和神经网络算法，根据上述分析结果进行自适应控制。
四、论文结构及时间安排第一章绪论1.1 选题背景和意义1.2 国内外研究综述1.3 预期目标与创新点第二章硬件系统设计2.1 传感器模块设计2.2 驱动模块设计2.3 采集模块设计2.4 信号处理模块设计2.5 通信模块设计第三章图像识别和处理3.1 图像预处理3.2 焊缝检测和定位3.3 焊缝跟踪第四章控制算法4.1 PID控制算法4.2 BP神经网络控制算法4.3 模糊控制算法第五章系统集成和实验验证5.1 系统集成5.2 实验测试和性能评估第六章总结与展望6.1 主要研究内容与成果6.2 存在问题和不足6.3 后续研究工作时间安排：第1-2周选题和初步文献调研第3-4周设计硬件系统第5-6周进行图像识别和处理研究第7-8周研究PID控制算法和BP神经网络第9-10周模拟仿真和性能评估第11-12周论文撰写和修改第13周完成任务书、计划书和开题报告。
机械专业英语(章跃版)课后英汉翻译讲解
第一章：应力与应变1.That branch of scientific analysis which motions, times and forces is called mechanics and is made up of two parts, statics and dynamics.研究位移、时间和力运动乘力是科学分析法的一个分歧，被称作力学，力学由两大部分组成，静力学和动力学。
2.For example, if the force operating on a sleeve bearing becomes too high, it will squeeze out the oil film and cause metal-to-metal contact, overheating and rapid failure of the bearing.例如：如果止推轴承上的作用力过大的话，会挤出油膜，引起金属和金属之间的相互接触，轴承将过热而迅速失效。
3.Our intuitive concept of force includes such ideas as place of application, direction, and magnitude, and these are called the characteristics of a force.力的直观概念包括力的作用点、大小、方向，这些被称为力的三要素。
4.All bodies are either elastic or plastic and will be deformed if acted upon by forces. When the deformation of such bodies is small, they are frequently assumed to be rigid, i.e., incapable of deformation, in order to simplify the analysis.所有的物体既可以是弹性的也可以是塑性的，如果受到力的作用就产生变形。
专业英语unite16
Unit16 Transducers
16.3 Analog and Digital Transducers • The most popular of these are out synchros(同步器), and similar
devices which produce a modulated output of a carrier frequency(载频调制输出).
Unit16 Transducers
16.4 Use of Sensor in Programmable Automation • In this section we are concerned with the application of sensor-
mediated programmable automation to material-handling, inspection, and assemble operations in batch-produced, discrete-part manufacturing. • 这部分介绍以传感器为媒介的可编程自动化在批量生产和分散 零部件制造时的材料搬运，检测和装配工序上的应用。
摇
随着人们的动作而变化。
晃
你
的
手
机
热敏电阻
身边的传感器
CCD
温控器
传声器
温度开关 力传感器
实验室的 传感器
工业监测与控制
产品检测
天然气 压力监测
无线传感器结点
什么是传感器
狭义地定义：
能够将外界的非电信号，按一定规律转 换成电信号输出的器件或装置。
温度变化
热敏电阻
电阻值变化
Unit16 Transducers
机械设计制造及其自动化《专业英语》翻译
Unit 1 Metals金属Unit 2 Selection of Construction Materials工程材料的选择淬透性：指在规定条件下，决定钢材淬硬深度和硬度分布的特性。
即钢淬火时得到淬硬层深度大小的能力，它表示钢接受淬火的能力。
钢材淬透性好与差，常用淬硬层深度来表示。
淬硬层深度越大，则钢的淬透性越好。
钢的淬透性是钢材本身所固有的属性，它只取决于其本身的内部因素，而与外部因素无关。
钢的淬透性主要取决于它的化学成分，特别是含增大淬透性的合金元素及晶粒度，加热温度和保温时间等因素有关。
淬透性好的钢材，可使钢件整个截面获得均匀一致的力学性能以及可选用钢件淬火应力小的淬火剂，以减少变形和开裂。
淬透性主要取决于其临界冷却速度的大小，而临界冷却速度则主要取决于过冷奥氏体的稳定性，影响奥氏体的稳定性主要是：1.化学成分的影响碳的影响是主要的，当C％小于1.2％时，随着奥氏体中碳浓度的提高，显著降低临界冷却速度，C曲线右移，钢的淬透性增大；当C％大于时，钢的冷却速度反而升高，C曲线左移，淬透性下降。
其次是合金元素的影响，除钴外，绝大多数合金元素溶入奥氏体后，均使C曲线右移，降低临界冷却速度，从而提高钢的淬透性。
2.奥氏体晶粒大小的影响奥氏体的实际晶粒度对钢的淬透性有较大的影响，粗大的奥氏体晶粒能使C曲线右移，降低了钢的临界冷却速度。
但晶粒粗大将增大钢的变形、开裂倾向和降低韧性。
3.奥氏体均匀程度的影响在相同冷度条件下，奥氏体成分越均匀，珠光体的形核率就越低，转变的孕育期增长，C曲线右移，临界冷却速度减慢，钢的淬透性越高。
4.钢的原始组织的影响钢的原始组织的粗细和分布对奥氏体的成分将有重大影响。
5.部分元素，例如Mn，Si等元素对提高淬透性能起到一定作用，但同时也会对钢材带来其他不利的影响。
可锻性(forgeability)金属具有热塑性，在加热状态(各种金属要求温度不同)，可以进行压力加工，称为具有可锻性。
机械设计制造及其自动化专业英语
9
Computer-Aided manufacturing
• Henry Ford’s contributions took a different turn from Taylor’s. Ford refined [ri’faind] and developed the use of assembly lines for the major component manufacturer of his automobile.
• 如今，机床控制语言比如说自动编程工具 ， 已经成为数控机床创建工具控制的标准了。
18
Computer-Aided manufacturing
• It is interesting to note that much of the evolution in manufacturing has come as a response to particular changes during different period.
• 从那时起，数字计算机就被用来当做输入 设备，要么以直接方式输入到NC设备中， 直接数字控制（DNC），要么用更专用的 控制传感，即计算机数字控制（CNC）。
17
Computer-Aided manufacturing
• Today, machine control languages such as APT (Automatic Programming Tool) have become the standard for creating tool control for NC machines.
从科学上进行研究金属切削和自动化技术 研究起始于第二十世纪。这些技术的先驱 者是弗雷德里克．泰勒和亨利.福特。
电容式传感器的外文文献翻译、中英文翻译、外文翻译
参考资料原文：Capacitive sensors and the main features of the basic concepts: The measured volume of the machinery, such as displacement, pressure change is converted to the sensor capacitance. It is the sensitive part of the capacitor with variable parameters. Its most common form is composed of two parallel electrodes, a very inter-air as the medium of the capacitor, if the neglect edge effects, the capacitance for the capacitor plate ε A / δ, where εis a very inter-medium dielectric constant, A two electrode effective area covered by each other, δ is the distance between two electrodes. δ, A, εone of the three parameters will lead to the change in capacitance changes can be used for measurement. Therefore capacitive sensors can be divided into polar distance change type, change type size, media type three types of changes.Most from the changes in small type generally used to measure the linear displacement, or as a result of force, pressure, vibration caused by changes in polar distance (see capacitive pressure sensors). Change type size generally used to measure the angular displacement or linear displacement larger. Changes in media type commonly used in level measurement and a variety of media, temperature, density, humidity measurement. The advantage of the sensor capacitor structure is simple, inexpensive, high sensitivity,过载能力strong, good dynamic response and high temperature, radiation, vibration and other adverse conditions of strong adaptability and strong. The disadvantage is that there are non-linear output, parasitic capacitance and the distributed capacitance on the sensitivity and accuracy the impact of larger and more complex circuits, such as connectivity. Since the late 70s, with the development of integrated circuit technology, a packaging and micro-measuring instrument with capacitive sensors.This new type of distributed capacitance sensors can greatly reduce the impact to overcome the inherent drawbacks. Capacitive sensor is a very wide use, a great potential for development of the sensor.Capacitive sensor working principle：Capacitive sensor surface of the induction of two coaxial metal electrode composition, much like "open" capacitor electrode, the two electrodes form a capacitor, in series with the RC oscillation circuit. Power when connected, RC oscillator is notoscillating, when a goal of moving around electrical capacitor, the capacitor capacity increased, the oscillator to start oscillation. Circuit after the passage of the deal, will be two kinds of vibration and vibration signals into switching signals, which played a detection purpose of the existence of any objects. The sensor can detect metal objects, but also to detect non-metallic objects, metal objects can move away from the largest, non-metallic objects on the decision to move away from the dielectric constant material, the greater the dielectric constant materials, the availability of action the greater distance.Application of capacitive sensors：Capacitive sensor can be used to measure linear displacement, angular displacement, vibration amplitude, especially suitable for measuring high-frequency vibration amplitude, precision rotary axis accuracy, acceleration and other mechanical parameters. Pole-changing type of application from a smaller displacement in the measurement range to several hundred microns in 0.01m, precision can reach 0.01m, a resolution of up to 0.001m. Change type size larger displacement can be measured, for the zero-range a few millimeters to a few hundred mm, 0.5 percent better than the linear resolution of 0.01 ~ 0.001m. Capacitive angular displacement sensor point of view and the dynamic range to a few degrees, a resolution of about 0.1 "up to the stability of the zero angle-second, widely used in precision angle measurement, such as for high-precision gyroscopes and accelerometers tilting . capacitive measurement sensor can measure the peak amplitude for the 0 ~ 50m, a frequency of 10 ~ 2kHz, sensitivity is higher than 0.01m, non-linear error of less than 0.05m.Capacitive sensor can also be used to measure pressure, differential pressure, level, surface, composition content (such as oil, the water content of food), non-metallic coating materials, such as film thickness, dielectric measurements of humidity, density, thickness, etc., in the automatic detection and control systems are also often used as a location signal generator. Capacitive differential pressure sensor measuring range up to 50MPa, an accuracy of ± 0.25% ~ ± 0.5%. Capacitive sensor for measuring range of the thickness of a few hundred microns, resolution of up to 0.01m. Capacitive Proximity Switches can not only detect metal, but also can detect plastic, wood,paper, and other dielectric liquids, but can not achieve the ultra-small, the movement distance of about 10 ~ 20mm. Electrostatic capacitive level switch is widely used in detection is stored in the tank, hopper, such as the location of containers in a variety of objects of a mature product. When the capacitive sensor measuring metal surface conditions, from the size, vibration amplitude is often used very variable from unilateral type, when the measured object is a capacitor electrode, and the other electrode in the sensor inside. This type of sensor is a non-contact measurement, dynamic range is relatively small, about a few millimeters is about the precision of more than 0.1m, a resolution of 0.01 ~ 0.001m.译文：电容式传感器的基本概念及主要特点:把被测的机械量，如位移、压力等转换为电容量变化的传感器。
机械专业英语文章中英文对照
英语原文NUMERICAL CONTROLNumerical control(N/C)is a form of programmable automation in which the processing equipment is controlled by means of numbers, letters, and other symbols，The numbers, letters，and symbols are coded in an appropriate format to define a program of instructions for a particular work part or job。
When the job changes, the program of instructions is changed。
The capability to change the program is what makes N/C suitable for low-and medium-volume production. It is much easier to write programs than to make major alterations of the processing equipment.There are two basic types of numerically controlled machine tools：point-to—point and continuous—path（also called contouring）.Point—to—point machines use unsynchronized motors，with the result that the position of the machining head Can be assured only upon completion of a movement, or while only one motor is running. Machines of this type are principally used for straight—line cuts or for drilling or boring。
光电传感器(中英文对照版)
Photoelectric sensorKey word: photoelectric effect photoelectric element photoelectric sensor classification sensor application characteristics .Abstract: in the rapid development of science and technology in the modern society, mankind has into the rapidly changing information era, people in daily life, the production process, rely mainly on the detection of information technology by acquiring, screening and transmission, to achieve the brake control, automatic adjustment, at present our country has put detection techniques listed in one of the priority to the development of science and technology. Because of microelectronics technology, photoelectric semiconductor technology, optical fiber technology and grating technical development makes the application of the photoelectric sensor is growing. The sensor has simple structure, non-contact, high reliability, high precision, measurable parameters and quick response and more simple structure, form etc, and flexible in automatic detection technology, it has been widely applied in photoelectric effect as the theoretical basis, the device by photoelectric material composition.Text:First, theoretical foundation - photoelectric effectPhotoelectric effect generally have the photoelectric effect, optical effect, light born volts effect.The light shines in photoelectric material, according to the electronic absorption material surface energy, if absorbed energy large enoughelectronic electronic will overcome bound from material surface and enter the outside space, which changes photoelectron materials, this kind ofphenomenon become the conductivity of the photoelectric effectAccording to Einstein's photoelectron effect, photon is moving particles, each photon energy for hv (v for light frequency, h for Planck's constant, h = 6.63 * 10-34 J/HZ), thus different frequency of photons have different energy, light, the higher the frequency, the photon energy is bigger. Assuming all the energy photons to photons, electronic energy will increase, increased energy part of the fetter, positive ions used to overcome another part of converted into electronic energy. According to the law of conservation of energy:Type, m for electronic quality, v for electronic escaping the velocity, A microelectronics the work done.From the type that will make the optoelectronic cathode surface escape thenecessary conditions are h > A. Due to the different materials have different escaping, so reactive to each kind of cathode materials, incident light has a certain frequency is restricted, when the frequency of incident light under this frequency limit, no matter how the light intensity, won't produce photoelectron launch, this frequency limit called "red limit". The corresponding wavelength forA-h m 212νν=type, c for the speed of light, A reactive for escaping.When is the sun, its electronic energy, absorb the resistivity reduce conductive phenomenon called optical effects. It belongs to the photoelectric effect within. When light is, if in semiconductor electronic energy big with semiconductor of forbidden band width, the electronic energy from the valence band jump into the conduction band, form, and at the same time, the valence band electronic left the corresponding cavities. Electronics, cavitation remained in semiconductor, and participate in electric conductive outside formed under the current role.In addition to metal outer, most insulators and semiconductor have photoelectric effect, particularly remarkable, semiconductor optical effect according to the optoelectronics manufacturing incident light inherent frequency, when light resistance in light, its conductivity increases, resistance drops. The light intensity is strong, its value, if the smaller, its resistance to stop light back to the original value.Semiconductor produced by light illuminate the phenomenon is called light emf, born volts effect on the effect of photoelectric devices have made si-based ones, photoelectric diode, control thyristor and optical couplers, etc. Second, optoelectronic components and characteristicsAccording to the outside optoelectronics manufacturing optoelectronic devices have photoelectron, inflatable phototubes and photoelectric times once tube. 1. Phototubes phototubes are various and typical products are vacuumphototubes and inflatable phototubes, light its appearance and structure as shown in figure 1 shows, made of cylindrical metal half cathodic K and is located in the wires cathodic axis of anode in A package of smoke into the vacuum, when incident light within glass shell in the cathode, illuminate A single photon took all of its energy transfer to the cathode materials A free electrons, so as to make the freedom electronic energy increase h. When electrons gain energy more than escape of cathode materials, it reactive A metal surface constraints can overcome escape, form electron emission. This kind of electronic called optoelectronics, optoelectronic escaping the metal surface for after initial kinetic energyPhototubes normal work, anode potential than the cathode, shown in figure 2. In one shot more than "red light frequency is premise, escape from the optoelectronic cathode surface by positive potential attracted the anode in photoelectric tube forming space, called the current stream. Then if light intensity increases, the number of photons bombarded the cathode multiplied, unit of time to launch photoelectron number are also increasing, photo-current greatens. In figure 2 shows circuit, current and resistance is the voltage drop across the only a function of light intensity relations, so as to achieve a photoelectric conversion. When the LTT optoelectronic cathode K, electronic escape from the cathode surface, and was the photoelectric anode is an electric current, power plants absorb deoxidization device in the load resistance - I, the voltagePhototubes photoelectric characteristics fig.03 shows, from the graph in flux knowable, not too big, photoelectric basic characteristics is a straight line.2. Photoelectric times had the sensitivity of vacuum tube due to low, so with people developed has magnified the photomultiplier tubes photo-current ability. Figure 4 is photomultiplier tube structure schematic drawing.图4光电倍增结构示意图From the graph can see photomultiplier tubes also have A cathode K and an anode A, and phototubes different is in its between anode and cathode set up several secondary emission electrodes, D1, D2 and D3... They called the first multiply electrode, the second multiply electrode,... Usually, double electrode for 10 ~ 15 levels. Photomultiplier tubes work between adjacent electrode, keeping a certain minimum, including the cathode potential potentials, each multiply electrode potential filtering increases, the anode potential supreme. When the incident light irradiation, cathodic K escape from the optoelectronic cathode multiplied by first accelerated, by high speed electrode D1 bombarded caused secondary electron emission, D1, an incident can generate multiplesecondary electron photonics, D1 emit of secondary electron was D1, D2 asked electric field acceleration, converged on D2 and again produce secondary electron emission... So gradually produce secondary electron emission, make electronic increased rapidly, these electronic finally arrived at the anode, form a larger anode current. If a n level, multiply electrodes at all levels for sigma, the multiplication of rate is the multiplication of photomultiplier tubes can be considered sigma n rate, therefore, photomultiplier tube has high sensitivity. In the output current is less than 1mA circumstances, it in a very wide photoelectric properties within the scope of the linear relationship with good. Photomultiplier tubes this characteristic, make it more for light measurement.3 and photoconductive resistance photoconductive resistance within the working principle is based on the photoelectric effect. In semiconductor photosensitive material ends of mount electrode lead, it contains transparent window sealed in the tube and shell element photoconductive resistance. Photoconductive resistance properties and parameters are:1) dark resistance photoconductive resistance at room temperature, total dark conditions stable resistance called dark resistance, at the current flow resistance is called dark current.2) light resistance photoconductive resistance at room temperature and certain lighting conditions stable resistance measured, right now is called light resistance of current flow resistance is called light current.4, volt-ampere characteristics of both ends photoconductive resistance added voltage and current flows through photoconductive resistance of the relationship between called volt-ampere characteristics shown, as shown in figure 5. From the graph, the approximate linear volt-ampere characteristics that use should be limited, but when the voltage ends photoconductive resistance, lest than shown dotted lines of power consumption area5, photoelectric characteristics photoconductive resistance between the poles, light when voltage fixed the relationship between with bright current photoelectric characteristics. Called Photoconductive resistance photoelectric characteristics is nonlinear, this is one of the major drawback of photoconductive resistance.6, spectral characteristics is not the same incident wavelength, the sensitivity of photoconductive resistance is different also. Incidence wavelength and photodetector the relationship between relative sensitivity called spectral characteristics. When used according to the wavelength range by metering, choose different material photoconductive resistance.7, response time by photoconductive resistance after photo-current need light,over a period of time (time) rise to reach its steady value. Similarly, in stop light photo-current also need, over a period of time (down time) to restore the its dark current, this is photoconductive resistance delay characteristics. Photoconductive resistance rise response time and falling response time about 10-1 ~ 10-3s, namely the frequency response is 10Hz ~ 1000Hz, visible photoconductive resistance cannot be used in demand quick response occasion, this is one of the main photoconductive resistance shortcomings.8 and temperature characteristic photoconductive resistance by temperature affects greatly, temperature rise, dark current increase, reduced sensitivity, which is another photoconductive resistance shortcomings.9, frequency characteristic frequency characteristics refers to an external voltage and incident light, strong must be photo-current I and incident light modulation frequency, the relationship between the f, photoelectric diode is the frequency characteristic of the photoelectric triode frequency characteristics, this is because of the photoelectric triode shot "yankees there capacitance and carrier base-combed need time's sake. By using the principle of the photoelectric efficiency of optoelectronics manufacturing frequency characteristics of the worst, this is due to capture charge carriers and release charge need a certain time's sake.Three, photoelectric sensorsPhotoelectric sensor is through the light intensity changes into electrical signal changes to achieve control, its basic structure, it first figure 6 by measuring thechange of change of converting the light signal, and then using photoelectric element further will light signals into electrical signal by photoelectric sensor general. Illuminant, optical path and optoelectronics. Three components of photoelectric detection method has high precision, fast response, non-contact wait for an advantage, but measurable parameters of simple structure, sensors, form flexible, therefore, photoelectric sensor in the test and control is widely used.By photoelectric sensor generally is composed of three parts, they are divided into: transmitter and receiver and detection circuit shown, as shown in figure 7, transmitter aimed at the target launch beam, the launch of the beam from semiconductor illuminant, general light emitting diode (LED), laser diode and infrared emission diode. Beam uninterrupted launch, or change the pulse width. Receivers have photoelectric diode, photoelectric triode, composed si-based ones. In front of the receiver, equipped with optical components such as lens and aperture, etc. In its back is detection circuit, it can filter out effective signal and the application of the signal. In addition, the structural components in photoelectric switch and launch plate and optical fiber, triangle reflex plate is solid structure launch device. It consists of small triangle cone of reflective materials, can make a beam accurately reflected back from plate, with practical significance. It can be in with the scope of optical axis 0 to 25, make beams change launch Angle from a root almost after launch line, passes reflection or from the rotating polygon.some basic returns.图7Photoelectric sensor is a kind of depend on is analyte and optoelectronics and light source, to achieve the relationship between the measured purpose, so the light source photoelectric sensor plays a very important role, photoelectric sensor power if a constant source, power is very important for design, the stability of the stability of power directly affect the accuracy of measurement, commonly used illuminant have the following kinds:1, leds is a change electric energy into light energy semiconductor devices. It has small volume, low power consumption, long life, fast response, the advantages of high mechanical strength, and can match and integrated circuits.Therefore, widely used in computer, instruments and automatic control equipment.2, silk light bulb that is one of the most commonly used illuminant, it has rich infrared light. If chosen optoelectronics, constitutes of infrared sensor sensitive colour filter can be added to the visible tungsten lamps, but only filter with its infrared does illuminant, such, which can effectively prevent other light interference.3, compared with ordinary light laser laser with energy concentration, directional good, frequency pure, coherence as well as good, is very ideal light sources.The light source, optical path and photoelectric device composition photoelectric sensor used in photoelectric detection, still must be equipped with appropriate measurement circuit. The photoelectric effect to the measurement circuit of photoelectric element of widerange caused changes needed to convert the voltage or current. Different photoelectric element, the measurement circuit required is not identical also. Several semiconductor introduces below optoelectronic devices commonly used measurement circuit. Semiconductor photoconductive resistance can through large current, be in so usually, need not equipped with amplifier. In the output power of demand is bigger, can use figure 8 shows circuit.Figure 9 (a) with temperature compensation given the photosensitive diode bridge type measuring circuit. When the incident light intensity slow change,the reverse resistance photosensitive diode is the slow change, the change of the temperature will cause the bridge output voltage, must compensate. Drift Picture a photosensitive diode as the test components, another into Windows, in neighboring bridge, the change of the temperature in the arms of the influence of two photosensitive diode, therefore, can eliminate the same output with temperature bridge road drift.Light activated triode incident light in work under low illumination, or hope to get bigger output power, also can match with amplifying circuit, as shown in figure 9 shows.Because even in the glare photosensitive batteries, maximum output voltage also only 0.6 V, still cannot make the next level 1 transistor have larger current output, so must add positive bias, as shown in figure 9 (a) below. In order to reduce the transistor circuit impedance variations, base si-based ones to reduce as much as possible without light, when the reverse bias inherit in parallel a resistor si-based ones at both ends. Or like figure 9 (b) as shown bythe positive ge diode produces pressure drop and test the voltage produced when exposed to light, make silicon tube e stack, b the voltage between actuators than 0.7 V, and conduction work. This kind of circumstance also can use silicon light batteries, as shown in figure 10 (c) below.Semiconductor photoelectric element of photoelectric circuit can also use integrated operational amplifier. Silicon photosensitive diode can be obtained by integrating op-amp larger output amplitude, as shown in figure 11 (a) below. When light is produced, the optical output voltage in order to guarantee photosensitive diode is reverse biased, in its positive to add a load voltage. Figure 11. (b) give the photocell transform circuit, because the photoelectricsi-based ones short-circuit current and illumination of a linear relationship between, so will it up in the op-amp is, inverse-phase input, using these two potential difference between the characteristics of close to zero, can get bettereffect. In the picture shows conditions, the output voltageThe photoelectric element by flux the role of different made from the principle of optical measurement and control system is varied, press the photoelectric element (optical measurement and control system) output nature, namely, can be divided into second analog photoelectric sensor and pulse (switch) photoelectric sensor. Analog photoelectric sensors will be converted into continuous variation of the measure, it is measured optical with a single value relations between analog photoelectric sensor. According to be measured (objects) method detection of target can be divided into transmission (absorption) type, diffuse type, shading type (beam resistance gears) three categories. So-called transmission style means the object to be tested in optical path in constant light source, the light energy through things, part of being measured by absorption, transmitted light onto photoelectric element, such as measured liquid, gas transparency and photoelectric BiSeJi etc; speed.gratifying The so-called diffuse style means the constant light by the light onto the analyte from the object to be tested, and projected onto surfaces reflect on after optoelectronic devices, such as photoelectric colorimetricthermometer and light gauge etc; The so-called shading style means the when illuminant issued by the flux of light analyte covered by a part Jing optoelectronics, make projection on the flux change, change the object to be tested and extent of the position with the light path, such as vibration measurement, the size measurement; And in pulse photoelectric sensor in the sensors, photoelectric element acceptable optical signal is intermittent change, therefore photoelectric element in switch work of the state, the current output it is usually only two steady state of the signal, the pulse form used for photoelectric counting and photoelectric speed measurement and so on.And infrared photoelectric sensor classification and working way generally have the following kinds:1, groove photoelectric sensor put a light emitter and a receiver in a slotface-to-face outfit are on opposite sides of the photoelectric groove. Lighter emits infrared light or visible light, and in unimpeded cases light receptors can receive light. But when tested objects from slot zhongtong obsolete, light occluded, photoelectric switches and action. Output a switch control signal, cut off or connect load current, thus completing a control movement. Groove switch is the overall of detection distance because general structure limits only a few centimeters.2, DuiShe type optoelectronic sensor if you put lighter and receive light is separated, can make the detection distance increase. By a lighter and an inbox light sensor into a photoelectric switch is called DuiShe separatephotoelectric switches, referred to DuiShe photoelectric switch. Its detection distance can reach a few meters and even a dozen meters. When usinglight-emitting device and receive light device are installed in test object through the path of the sides, test object by blocking light path, accept light implement action output a switch control signals.3, reflex plate.it photoelectric switch light-emitting device type and receive light device into the same device inside, in its front pack a reflex plate.the using the reflection principle of complete photoelectric control function is called reflex plate.it reflex (or reflector reflex) photoelectric switch. Under normal circumstances, lighter the light reflected by reflex plate.it is received by accept light; Once the light path be test object to block, accept light, the light is not receive photoelectric switch is action, output a switch control signals.4, diffusion reflective photoelectric switches its detection head with a lighter and also an inbox light ware, but no reflex plate.it ahead. Normally lighter for the light collect light is not found. When test object by blocking the light, and the light reflected light, receive part implement received light signals, output a switch signals.Four, I'm the idea of photoelectric sensorWith the development of science and technology people on measuring accuracy had the higher request, this has prompted the pace with The Times photoelectric sensor have updated, improve the main means photoelectric sensor performance is the application of new materials, new technologymanufacturing performance is more superior photoelectric element. For example, today the prototype of the photoelectric sensor is a small metal cylindrical equipment, with a calibration lens, transmitter into receiver focused light, the receiver out of cable to the device got a vacuum tube amplifiers in metal cylinder on the incandescent light bulb inside a small as the light source a strong incandescent lamp sensor. Due to the sensor various defects existing in the fields, gradually faded. To appear, because of it of fiber of excellent performance, then appeared with sensors supporting the use of optical passive components, another fiber without any interference of electromagnetic signal, and can make the sensor of the electronic components and other electrical disturbance in isolation. Have a piece of plastic optical fiber core or glass light core, light outside a metallic core skins and bread this layer metal cortical density lower than light core, so low, the beam refraction in the two materials according to the border (incident Angle within a certain range, reflected), is all. Based on optical principle, all beams can be made by optical fiber to transmission. Two incident beam Angle in an Angle (along the fiber length direction within) by multiple reflections from the other end after injection, another incident angles than accept the incident light in metal skin, loss. This accept Angle within the biggest incident Angle than two times, this is because fiber slightly larger from air into density larger fiber materials hitting may have a slight refraction. In light of the optical fiber transmission from inside the influence of fiber bending (whether more than bending radius minimal bendingradius). Most optical fiber is flexible, easy to install in the narrow space. Photoelectric sensor is a kind of non-contact measurement small electronic measurement equipment, rely on detect its receives the light intensity change, to achieve measurement purposes, and it's also a vulnerable to external disturbance and lose the measurement accuracy of the device. When be being designed so besides the choice optoelectronic components, still must set GSCC signal and temperature compensating measures used to weaken or eliminate the impact of these factors.Photoelectric sensor must pass a light modulation, like radio waves of light modulation of sends and receives, the radio to a station, can ignore other radio signal sensors without modulation long-focal-length only through the use of mechanical shielded, scenes that receiver transmitter only can receive the emission of light, can make its energy becomes very high. In contrast, through modulation transceivers can ignore ambient light, only to own light or with the same modulation frequencies of light without modulation response. The sensor used to test the infrared rays or around the radiation, if just baked red bottle, in this application situation if use other sensor, may be incorrect actions. Photoelectric sensor due to non-contact, high reliability, etc, and to change in measurement, damage the object to be testedSo since its invention in fields since play a significant role, at present it has been widely used in measuring mechanical quantity, thermal quantity, weight, intelligent vehicle system into etc. Now it in power system automatically griddevice plays a very important role, because generator input power grid operation often USES accurate with law, must meet: three-phase line sequence is consistent, frequency, phase agree unanimously, voltage amplitude equal, one of the conditions in system design has been satisfied, after three conditions must also meet to grid, of course, artificially grid is more difficult, photoelectric grid is easier.The development of times, science and technology in the update, photoelectric sensor types are increasing and application domain more and more widely, such as a recent kind of infrared already in intelligent vehicle electrical sensors in to the application, one of which had based on infrared sensor is the core of intelligent vehicle, reflective type infrared sensor using reflex infrared sensor design path detection module and speed monitoring module; Another method based on infrared sensor using the car tracing is to collect infrared sensor data.Photoelectric sensor has cannot be replaced by other sensors superiority, so it development foreground is very good, the application will also become more widespread.光电传感器关键字：光电效应光电元件光电特性传感器分类传感器应用摘要：在科学技术高速发展的现代社会中，人类已经入瞬息万变的信息时代，人们在日常生活，生产过程中，主要依靠检测技术对信息经获取、筛选和传输，来实现制动控制，自动调节，目前我国已将检测技术列入优先发展的科学技术之一。
《机械设计基础》常用单词中英文对照
《机械设计基础》常用单词中英文对照- common words in Basis of Mechanical Designing一画1.V带V belt2.力force3.力矩moment4.工作载荷serving load5.干摩擦dry friction6.飞轮flier, flywheel7.内圈inner ring8切向键tangential key9.切应力tangential stress10.切削cutting11.双头螺柱stud12.尺寸dimension13.尺寸公差dimensional tolerance14.计算载荷calculating load15.主动轴drive shaft16.凸轮cam17.加工working18.半圆键half round key19.外圈outer ring.20.失效failure21.尼龙nylon22.平键flat key23.打滑slippage24.正火normalizing treatment25.正应力normal stress26.优化设计optimum design27.冲压punching28.动平衡dynamic balance29动载荷moving load30.压力pressure31.压应力compressive stress32压强pressure intensity33.压缩compress34.压缩应力compressive stress35.合金钢alloy steel36.向心轴承centripetal stress37.向心推力轴承centripetal thrust bearing38.导向键guide key39.导轨guide track40当量动载荷equivalent dynamic load41.曲柄 crank42.曲轴crank axle43.曲率半径curvature radius44.有色金属non ferrous metal45.机构mechanism46.机架framework47.机座machine base48.机械machine49.机械加工mechanical working50.机械零件machine element51.机器machine52.灰铸铁gray cast iron53.自锁self locking54.行星轮系planetary gear train55.许用应力allowable stress56.防松locking57.刨削planning58.寿命life59.应力stress60.应力集中stress concentration61.应变strain62.扭转torsion63扭转角angle of torsion64.抗压强度compression strength65抗拉强度tensile strength66.抗弯强度bending strength67.材料material68.极限应力limit stress69.极惯性矩polar moment of inertial70.花键spline71.连杆connecting rod72.周转轮系epicyclic gear train73.屈服强度yield strength74.底板base plate75.底座underframe76.径向力radial force77.径向当量动载荷radial equivalent dynamic load78.径向轴承journal bearing79.径向基本额定动载荷radial elementary rated life80.性能performance81.承载量load carrying capacity82.拉力pulling force83.拉伸tension84.拉伸应力tensile stress85.油膜oil film86.泊松比Poisson’s ratio87.直径diameter88.空心轴hollow axle89.空气轴承air bearing90表面处理surface treatment91.表面淬火surface quenching92转矩torque93.金属材料metallic material94.青铜合金bronze alloy95.非金属材料non metallic material96.齿轮gear97.齿轮模数module of gear teeth98.齿数tooth number99.保持架holding frame100.变应力dynamic stress101.变形deflection, deformation102.变载荷dynamic load103.轮系gear train104.垫片shim105.垫圈washer106.复合材料composite material107.带传动belt driving108.弯曲bend109.弯曲应力bending stress110.弯曲强度bending strength111.弯矩bending moment112.挡圈retaining ring113.残余应力residual stress114.残余变形residual deformation115.点蚀pitting116.相对运动relative motion117.相对滑动relative sliding118.相对滚动relative rolling motion119.矩形花键square key120.结构structure121.结构设计structural design121.结构钢structural steel122.耐磨性wearing quality123.脉动循环应力repeated stress124.轴shaft125.轴瓦bushing126.轴向力axial force127.轴向当量动载荷axial equivalent dynamic load 128.轴向基本额定动载荷axial elementary rated life129.轴承bearing130.轴承合金bearing metal131.轴承油沟grooves in bearing132.轴承衬bearing bush133.轴承座bearing block134.轴承盖bearing cap135.轴环axle ring136.轴肩shaft neck137.轴套shaft sleeve138.退刀槽tool escape139.钢材steel140.钩头楔键gib head key150.钩头螺栓gib head bolt151.挺杆tappet, tapper152.圆柱销cylindrical pin153.圆锥销cone pin154.圆螺母circular nut155.流体动力润滑hydrodynamic lubrication 156.流体静力润滑hydrostatic lubrication 157.润滑lubrication158.润滑油膜lubricant film159.热处理heat treatment160.热平衡heat balance161.疲劳fatigue162.疲劳失效fatigue failure163.疲劳寿命fatigue Life164.疲劳强度fatigue strength165.疲劳裂纹fatigue cracking166.离合器clutch167.紧定螺钉tightening screw168.胶合seizing of teeth169.能量energy170.脆性材料brittle material171.调质钢quenched and tempered steel 172.载荷load173.载荷谱load spectrum174.通用零件universal element175.速度velocity176.部件parts177.铆接riveting178.陶瓷ceramics179.预紧pretighten180.高速传动轴high speed drive shaft181.偏心载荷eccentric load182.偏转角deflection angle183.减速器reductor184.剪切应力shearing stress185.剪切应力shear stress186.基本额定动载荷elementary rated dynamic load 187.基本额定寿命elementary rated life188.密封seal189.密度density190.弹性变形elastic deformation191.弹性流体动力润滑elastohydrodynamic lubrication 192.弹性啮合elastic engagement193.弹性滑动elastic slippage194.弹性模量modulus of elasticity195.弹簧spring196.弹簧垫圈spring washer197.惯性力inertial force198.惯性矩moment of inertia199.接触应力contact stress200.接触角Contact Angle201.推力轴承thrust bearing202.断裂break203.液压hydraulic pressure204.混合润滑mixed lubrication205.渐开线花键involute spline206.焊接welding207.球形阀globe valve208.球墨铸铁nodular cast iron209.粗糙度roughness210.铜合金copper alloy211.铝合金aluminum alloy212.铰链hinge213.黄铜brass214.剩余预紧力residual initial tightening load215.喷丸sand blast216.强度strength217.强度极限ultimate strength218.最小油膜厚度minimum film thickness219.棘轮传动ratchet wheel220.滑动轴承sliding bearing221.滑块slide block222.滑键slide key223硬度hardness224.联轴器coupling225.装配assembly226.铸件casting227.铸钢cast steel228.铸造cast229.铸铁cast iron230.铸铝cast aluminum231.链chain232.链轮chain wheel233.销pin234.销钉联接pin connection235.塑性材料ductile material236.塑性变形plastic deformation 237.塑料plastics238.摇杆rocker239.楔键wedge key240.滚动体Rolling Body241.滚动轴承rolling bearing242.滚压rolling243.滚珠丝杆ball leading screw 244.锡青铜tin bronze245.锥形阀cone valve246.键key247.键槽keyways248.碳化carbonization249.碳素钢carbon steel250.稳定性stability251.腐蚀corrosion252.锻件forged piece253.锻钢forged steel254.锻造forging255.静压轴承hydrostatic bearing 256.静应力steady stress257.静载荷／应力static load／stress 258.摩擦friction259.摩擦力friction force260.摩擦功friction work261.摩擦系数friction coefficient 262.摩擦角friction angle263.摩擦学tribology264.槽轮sheave wheel265.橡胶rubber266.箱体box267.磨削grinding268.磨损wear269.磨损过程wear process270.螺母nut271.螺纹screw272.螺纹threads273.螺纹联接threaded and coupled 274.螺钉pitch275.螺栓bolt276.螺栓联接bolting277.螺旋传动screw-driven机械设计名词术语中英对照机械设计名词术语中英文对照表Chinese English阿基米德蜗杆Archimedes worm安全系数safety factor; factor of safety安全载荷safe load凹面、凹度concavity扳手wrench板簧flat leaf spring半圆键woodruff key变形deformation摆杆oscillating bar摆动从动件oscillating follower摆动从动件凸轮机构cam with oscillating follower 摆动导杆机构oscillating guide-bar mechanism摆线齿轮cycloidal gear摆线齿形cycloidal tooth profile摆线运动规律cycloidal motion摆线针轮cycloidal-pin wheel包角angle of contact保持架cage背对背安装back-to-back arrangement背锥back cone ；normal cone背锥角back angle背锥距back cone distance比例尺scale比热容specific heat capacity闭式链closed kinematic chain闭链机构closed chain mechanism臂部arm变频器frequency converters变频调速frequency control of motor speed变速speed change变速齿轮change gear ; change wheel变位齿轮modified gear变位系数modification coefficient标准齿轮standard gear标准直齿轮standard spur gear表面质量系数superficial mass factor表面传热系数surface coefficient of heat transfer 表面粗糙度surface roughness并联式组合combination in parallel并联机构parallel mechanism并联组合机构parallel combined mechanism并行工程concurrent engineering并行设计concurred design, CD不平衡相位phase angle of unbalance不平衡imbalance (or unbalance)不平衡量amount of unbalance不完全齿轮机构intermittent gearing波发生器wave generator波数number of waves补偿compensation参数化设计parameterization design, PD残余应力residual stress操纵及控制装置operation control device槽轮Geneva wheel槽轮机构Geneva mechanism ；Maltese cross 槽数Geneva numerate槽凸轮groove cam侧隙backlash差动轮系differential gear train差动螺旋机构differential screw mechanism差速器differential常用机构conventional mechanism; mechanism in common use车床lathe承载量系数bearing capacity factor承载能力bearing capacity成对安装paired mounting尺寸系列dimension series齿槽tooth space齿槽宽spacewidth齿侧间隙backlash齿顶高addendum齿顶圆addendum circle齿根高dedendum《机械设计基础》常用单词中英文对照寿命life应力stress应力集中stress concentration应变strain扭转torsion扭转角angle of torsion抗压强度compression strength抗拉强度tensile strength抗弯强度bending strength材料material极限应力limit stress极惯性矩polar moment of inertial花键spline连杆connecting rod周转轮系epicyclic gear train屈服强度yield strength底板base plate底座underframe径向力radial force径向当量动载荷radial equivalent dynamic load 径向轴承journal bearing径向基本额定动载荷radial elementary rated life 性能performance承载量load carrying capacity拉力pulling force拉伸tension拉伸应力tensile stress油膜oil film泊松比Poisson’s ratio直径diameter空心轴hollow axle空气轴承air bearing表面处理surface treatment表面淬火surface quenching转矩torque金属材料metallic material青铜合金bronze alloy非金属材料non metallic material齿轮gear齿轮模数module of gear teeth齿数tooth number保持架holding frame变应力dynamic stress变形deflection, deformation变载荷dynamic load。
旋转电弧传感器结构优化设计
旋转电弧传感器结构优化设计
叶艳辉;张华;覃庆文;高延峰
【期刊名称】《现代制造工程》
【年(卷),期】2014(000)011
【摘要】针对现有旋转电弧传感器转速高、振动大的缺点，运用三维软件和ADAMS软件建立圆锥摆式高速旋转电弧传感器虚拟样机，并对传感器进行振动分析。
通过增加平衡结构来减小传感器的振动，并在ADAMS中对平衡结构参数进行优化设计。
优化结果表明，优化后传感器的振幅是优化前的12．9％，有效地降低了旋转电弧传感器的振动，提高了焊接成形质量。
【总页数】4页(P14-17)
【作者】叶艳辉;张华;覃庆文;高延峰
【作者单位】南昌大学机电工程学院，南昌330031;南昌大学机电工程学院，南昌330031;南昌大学机电工程学院，南昌330031;南昌大学机电工程学院，南昌330031
【正文语种】中文
【中图分类】TH122
【相关文献】
1.基于旋转电弧传感器的水下焊接高压电弧仿真计算 [J], 李志刚;张华;贾剑平
2.气幕式旋转电弧传感器结构设计 [J], 陈海军;张华
3.基于旋转电弧传感器的水下电弧焊信号处理 [J], 杜健辉;石永华;王国荣;黄国兴
4.TIG焊旋转电弧传感器结构设计 [J], 贾剑平;李红利;孙鹏
5.旋转电弧传感器的结构优化 [J], 黄凌翔;张华;马国红;李晓波;王红波
因版权原因，仅展示原文概要，查看原文内容请购买。
旋转式电弧传感器技术研究现状及发展趋势
旋转式电弧传感器技术的研究现状及发展趋势-工程论文旋转式电弧传感器技术的研究现状及发展趋势杜舜尧① DU Shun-yao；陈明和① CHEN Ming-he；吴诗语② WU Shi-yu（①南京航空航天大学机电学院，南京210016；②南京工业大学先进材料研究院，南京210009）（①College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering，Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics，Nanjing 210016，China；②Institute of Advanced Materials，Nanjing Tech University，Nanjing 210009，China）摘要：文章介绍了旋转式电弧传感器技术的研究背景，综述国内外旋转式电弧传感器技术的研究现状，并对旋转式电弧传感器技术的未来发展趋势作了展望。
Abstract：This paper describes the research background of rotating arc sensor technology. Domestic and foreign research situation of rotating arc sensor technology is reviewed. At the same time，the future development trends of rotating arc sensor technology are provided.关键词：旋转式电弧传感器技术；研究背景；研究现状；发展趋势Key words：rotating arc sensor technology；research background；research situation；development trends中图分类号：TG441.3文献标识码：A文章编号：1006-4311（2015）25-0127-04收稿日期：2015年7月12日。
机械设计制造及其自动化专业英语翻译（部分）
机械设计制造及其自动化专业英语翻译（部分）Unit 23The most obvious trend in the direction of mechatronic innovation can be observed in the automobile industry. There was a time when a car wasprimarily a mechanical marvel with a few electronic appendages. 在机电一体化改革方向最明显的趋势可以在汽车行业观察到。
曾经有一段时间，汽车主要是一个有几个电子附件组成的机械奇迹。
A recent U.S. Department of commerce report entitled “JTECH Panel report on Mechatronics in Ja pan” compared U.S. and Japanese research and development trends in specific areas of mechatro nics technology. Except for a few areas, the technology necessary to accomplish the development of the next generation of systems embodying the principles of mechatronics is fully within the te chnological reach of the Japanese.最近美国商务部的报告题为“JTECH小组报告日本的机电一体化“相比美国和日本在特定领域的机电一体化技术的研究和发展趋势。
除了少数地区,开发下一代系统需要创新技术体现机电一体化的原则上是必须在其技术达到的日本的程度Unit 24Unit 25First, a robot is a “reprogrammable multifunctional manipulator.”In this phrase RIA tells us that a robot can be taught (reprogrammed) to do more than one job by changing the information store d in its memory. A robot can be reprogrammed to load and unload machines, weld, and do many other jobs (multifunctional). A robot is a “manipulator”.A manipulator is an arm (or hand) that ca n pick up or movingthings. At this point we know that a robot is an arm that can be taught to do different jobs.首先，机器人是“可再程序化的多功能操作器”。
机电工程专业英语总复习资料(机械制造)
Lesson 1The major part of a machine is the mechanical system .And the mechanical system is decomposed into mechanisms ,which can be further decomposed into mechanical components .In this sense ,the mechanical components are the fundamental elements of machinery. On the whole ,mechanical components can be classified as universal and special component .Bolts ,gear ,and chains are the typical example of the universal components ,which can be used extensively in different machines across various industrial sectors .Turbine blades ,crankshaft and aircraft propeller are the examples of the special components ,which are designed for some specific purposes .机器的主要部分是机械系统，机械系统可以分解成机构，机构又可以进一步分解成机械零件。
因此，机械零件是构成机器的基本单元。
总体上来讲，机器零件可以分为通用零件和专用零件两类。
螺栓、齿轮和链条是典型的通用型零件，它们广泛应用在各种工业部门的不同机器上。
涡轮机的叶片、曲轴和飞机的螺旋桨属于专用零件，它们具有一些特殊用途。
SAMCEF_For_Rotors
分析 线性静力学分析(SAMCEF Asef)
在一般热 - 力载荷条件下，转子系统可进行线性静 力学分析，在 SAMCEF For Rotor 中，基本的线性 静 力 学 分 析 主 要 为 后 续 的 SAMCEF Dynam 或 SAMCEF For Rotor 确定初始条件。
后仿真处理
特征值
轴瓦
●
计入陀螺力矩的影响，转速是时间或喘振 ●
摩擦片
频率的函数，旋转方向任意，模型可由多个具 ●
齿轮
有不同转速的转子组成。
●
控制单元（传感器和激励器）
●
转子单元可具备正比于质量和刚度矩阵 应用单元
的粘性阻尼或正比于刚度矩阵的迟滞阻尼，当
特殊类单元如加强筋、阻尼器、非线性力元、线性约
单元旋转时，粘性阻尼诱导的向心力正比于转
曲线
●
激振力响应分析后获得位移、力、反力
和应力关于时间或频率的函数
●
瞬态响应后的轨迹
●
谐振响应统计学分析后的置信度范围
某时刻或某频率的图形
●
设定某相位角，可组合复模态并将其叠
加在初始结构上，获得位移、旋转和能量情
况。
●
设定某频率，频率分析后可获得复位移、
旋转、力、动量和应力情况。
●
设定某时刻，时域分析后可获得实位移、
SAMTECH 总部 LIEGE science park Rue des Chasseurs-Ardennais, 8 B-4031 Angleur(Liège) BELGIUM Tel: +32 4 361 69 69 Fax: +32 4 361 69 80
萨姆泰克有限公司北京代表处 北京市朝阳区东三环中路 12 号现代柏 利大厦 406 室 电话： +8610 6775 8110 传真： +8610 6778 7086