科技英语基础知识

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大量使用缩写词
D.C.(direct current)N.C.(numerical control) ( ) ( )
词汇方面:( 词汇方面:(Vocabulary) :( )
常用较长的名词词组
Machine control systems designing techinque Wheel and axle mechanical advantage computation problems(差动滑轮机械 ( 效益计算问题) 效益计算问题)
Homework
1. Please explain the following idioms in English & Chinese, and give an example for them in English
1) at the end of one’s tether---beyond the end of one’s patience/endurance ) 2) Put on (the) dog---To behave in a blustering manner; swagger; roister )
科技英语基本知识
科技英语简介(Instruction) 科技英语简介(Instruction)
词汇方面:( 词汇方面:(Vocabulary) :( ) 词义、词源、 词义、词源、构词法等方面存在某些独特之处
有较多的科技专业词汇,词义单纯, 有较多的科技专业词汇,词义单纯,一词一义
机械工程: 转塔车床、六角车床) 机械工程:Shaper(牛头刨床) turret lathe (转塔车床、六角车床) (牛头刨床) 电子技术: 电子技术:alternating current(交流电) (交流电)
机械工程英语
Mechanical neering English
英汉翻译知识(Tips) 英汉翻译知识(Tips)
英译汉的一般知识:( 英译汉的一般知识:(Common Knowledge) :( )
翻译实际上就是根据两种语言的不同,做出相应的处理, 翻译实际上就是根据两种语言的不同,做出相应的处理,将 一种语言所表达的某一意义内容用另一种语言表达出来; 一种语言所表达的某一意义内容用另一种语言表达出来;
词汇知识( Knowledge) 词汇知识(Vocabulary Knowledge)
英语词汇的一般知识:( 英语词汇的一般知识:(Common Knowledge) :( ) 英语词汇的各种成分
Foe----enemy, Freedom----liberty: :
同义词或近义词
It is a tall building----It is a high building Electric lamps, electric wire----electrical book, eletrical engineering Machine----machinery Technique----technology see----look
许多来自希腊语或拉丁语的科技术语
Mathematics, electron, pneumatic Focus, radius
科技词汇的构造都比较有规律
Metal->metallic->metalline->metalliferous->metallography->metallographic>metallographer
总结: 总结: 1. 学习科技英语,除学习科技专业词汇,也必须 学习科技英语,除学习科技专业词汇, 学习普通词汇和全部的语法知识, 学习普通词汇和全部的语法知识,当然可以有所侧重 2.在第一条的基础上,还必须学习一些有关翻译 在第一条的基础上, 在第一条的基础上 方面的理论与技巧 3.还应该多接触科技资料的各种文体 还应该多接触科技资料的各种文体
语法方面:( 语法方面:(Grammar) :( )
(主语)补语、独立分词短语、“It is…that”强调 主语)补语、独立分词短语、 强调 结构、 结构、动词的虚拟语气用的较多
Such a machine is called a driller. There are various kinds of metal, each having its special uses in industry. It is the potential difference that makes the electric current flow. If air were all oxygen, even metals would burn easily.
近形词
internal----interval Unit----Unite through----thorough----though----thought
单义词、 单义词、多义词
1)metallic, cam, turbine ) 2)power, board )
成语与固定用法( 成语与固定用法(Idiom & Fixed Usage) ) 几个词结合起来,构成一个成语, 几个词结合起来,构成一个成语,意义与各个词的 本来语义大不相同, 本来语义大不相同,只能作为生词来记忆
语法方面:( 语法方面:(Grammar) :( ) 属于书面语言,语法结构比较严谨, 属于书面语言,语法结构比较严谨,条理清楚
长句较多,但结构不离奇,句型变化幅度不大; 长句较多,但结构不离奇,句型变化幅度不大;长 句较多主要由于大量短语和从句作为修饰成分; 句较多主要由于大量短语和从句作为修饰成分; 动词的被动语态用的很多 科技英语里所用的动词时态不过七、八种,都比较 科技英语里所用的动词时态不过七、八种, 简单 科技英语中, 科技英语中,间接宾语用的较少 (主语)补语、独立分词短语、“It is…that”强调 主语)补语、独立分词短语、 强调 结构、 结构、动词的虚拟语气用的较多
反义词
1)Long----short ) 2)Fast ----slow direct ----indirect ) ----loose ----divert, deflect 3)Quick---- slow ) Fast---4)A tall house----a low house ) A tall man----a short man
2. Please translate the paragraph below in Chinese
One no-bake approach, called the shell core process, is similar in principle to the shell molding process. Like shell molding, shell coring produces a hard, smooth and accurate surface. Sand, containing a thermosetting resin, is blown into a heated corebox. After a brief curing period, any loose, uncured sand is dumped out. The resulting shell core is hollow. Thickness of the core depends on the curing time: the longer the cure, the thicker the shell. Because the core is cured in the corebox, driers used in the oven-baking process are unnecessary. For shell coremaking, the corebox must be heated to 400—500°F. Hence the ° corebox must be made of metal.(P366)
固定用法对正确分析一个句子, 固定用法对正确分析一个句子,有重大的关系
1)The successful operation of a lathe depends to a great extent and ) sometimes to a very great extent on the grinding of the tools 2)Metals are so useful in all branches of industry, including such ) fundamental industries as machine-building, ship-building and national defence, that their importance can scarcely be over-emphasized. 3) Efforts to automatize industrial plants in different fields,which have been ) made in the recent years, have turned out to be quite successful.
英语谜语或脑筋急转弯(Riddles) 英语谜语或脑筋急转弯(Riddles)
1. Q: Why did the man throw the butter out the window? A: He wanted to see the butterfly.
2.
Q: A man rode into town on Tuesday. Two days later he rode home on Tuesday. How is this possible? A: His horse's name is Tuesday.
单词在一般英语和科技英语里可能有不同意思
envelop(信封;包络、机壳)normal(正常的;法线,当量) (信封;包络、机壳) (正常的;法线,当量) Bug(臭虫;故障)develop(发展;研制、设计) (臭虫;故障) (发展;研制、设计)
创造新词
telesat(通讯卫星)electrofax(电子摄影) (通讯卫星) (电子摄影)
In apple-pie order on one’s beam-ends
词组的意义多少是原来各词意义的相加, 词组的意义多少是原来各词意义的相加,按习惯固 定配合使用, 定配合使用,为固定用法
1)介词短语:infact, as a rule, in a minute, for the purpose of )介词短语: 2)动词组合: take place, make sure, take note (of), be aware (of) )动词组合: 3)动词(或其他词)与介词(或副词)的搭配关系:rely on, reliance on, )动词(或其他词)与介词(或副词)的搭配关系: ignorant of 4)动词与名词的搭配:achieve successes, make a mistake, do justice, take )动词与名词的搭配: measures 5)形容词与名词、或副词与动词的搭配:fine feed, foreign matter, crude oil, try )形容词与名词、或副词与动词的搭配: hard, snow heavily 6)其它固定用法:make up one’s mind, as far as …is concerned, to and fro, )其它固定用法: rather…than, not only…but also
1) 2) 3)
同音异义词、同形异义词、同音同形异义词( 同音异义词、同形异义词、同音同形异义词(与多 义词不同) 义词不同) ε∂
see----sea coarse----course week----weak lead----[li:d] [led] tear----[ti ] [t ] wind----[wind] [waind] Bear, light, base
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