2022年考研考博-考博英语-辽宁大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B卷(带答案)第99期

2022年考研考博-考博英语-辽宁大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B
卷（带答案）
一.综合题(共15题)
1.
单选题
Winston became quite avaricious in his late life.
问题1选项
A.feeble
B.greedy
C.blatant
D.forgetful
【答案】B
【解析】考查形容词辨析。

avaricious意为“贪财的，贪婪的”；feeble意为“虚弱的，衰弱的”；greedy 意为“贪婪的，贪心的”；blatant意为“明目张胆的，公然的”；forgetful意为“健忘的，好忘事的，疏忽的”。

句意：温斯顿晚年变得相当贪婪。

2.
翻译题
我国高等教育大众化过程需要更加关注4个问题：理解高等教育规模扩大的本原，加强人文素质教育，平衡优秀与平等的关系，协调大学与政府、市场间的关系。

所有这些都要以明析高等教育哲学的一个根本问题为前提，即大学的根本使命和目标如何定位的问题。

现代大学一定要使学生和公众都能够理解大学最终和最基本的使命是什么。

大学不是提供获利的手段和就业单位的场所，而是要激发他们理性的光辉和力量，培养学生坚持长远地、全面地看待个人、社会与历史的发展所需要的能力。

【答案】【参考译文】More attention should be paid to four issues during the massification of Chinese higher education: (1) how to understand the prime cause of the expansion of higher education; (2) how to reinforce liberal education; (3) how to balance the relationship between equality and excellence; and (4) how to harmonize the relationship between the university, the government and the market. All these are based on the orientation about the ultimate mission and goal of universities. Modern universities must make students and the public understand their ultimate mission. A university is not a place where stratagems for profits and opportunities of emplo yment are provided; rather, it should inspire students’ rationalistic potencies, cultivate their ability to look upon the development of individuals, society and history from a long-term and all-around perspective.
3.
单选题
The final recommendation was that the employee on probation（）a special night class for one semester.
问题1选项
A.attend
B.has attended
C.attends
D.attended
【答案】A
【解析】考查虚拟语气。

表示“建议、要求、命令”等意思的词相关的从句谓语部分要用should +动词原形，should可以省略，因此选A。

句意：最终的建议是试用期雇员一个学期参见一次特殊夜校学习。

4.
翻译题
当今世界正处在大发展大变革大调整时期。

世界多极化和经济全球化深入发展，国际金融危机影响继续显现，气候变化、能源资源、公共卫生安全等全球性问题突出，国际和地区热点问题此起彼伏。

继续推进人类和平与发展的崇高事业，需要世界各国人民加强合作、同舟共济。

中国改革开放和社会主义现代化建设取得新的显著成就，人民生活继续改善，社会保持和谐稳定。

中国积极参加应对国际金融危机、气候变化等问题的国际合作，扩大同世界各国交流合作，为世界和平与发展做出了新的贡献。

【答案】【参考译文】Today’s world is undergoin g a period of big developments, great changes and extensive adjustments. The world multi-polarization and economic globalization is developing further and the influences produced by international financial crisis are continuing to appear. Global issues such as climate change, energy, resources and public sanitary security are prominent; and international and regional hot spots are popping up. People all over the world are required to strengthen cooperation and help each other for the sake of continuing to advance the lofty cause of human peace and development.
China’s reform and opening up and socialist modern construction have achieved new remarkable achievements. People’s standard of living continues to improve and our society remains harmonious and stable. Through taking an active part in international cooperation for tackling issues such as the international financial crisis, climate change, etc. and expanding exchanges and cooperation with all other countries around the world, China has made new contributions to world peace and development.
5.
单选题
Convenience foods which are already prepared for cooking are available in grocery stores.
问题1选项
A.ready
B.approachable
C.probable
D.obtainable
【答案】D
【解析】考查同义形容词辨析。

A选项ready“准备好的，现成的，迅速的”；B选项approachable“可接近的，可到达的，易理解的”；C选项probable“很可能的，可信的”；D选项obtainable“能得到的，能获得的”。

句意：现成的方便食品可以在杂货店买到。

Available“可获得的；可购得的；可找到的；有空的”，所以D选项与该词意思最相近，因此D选项正确。

6.
单选题
One of his eccentricities is sleeping under the bed instead of in the bed.
问题1选项
A.pedestrians
B.peculiarities
C.pedagogues
D.punctures
【答案】B
【解析】考查名词辨析。

eccentricity意为“古怪行为，怪癖”；pedestrian意为“行人，步行者”；peculiarity意为“怪异的性质(或习惯)，怪癖”；pedagogue意为“教师，好为人师的人”；puncture 意为“小孔，扎孔”。

句意：他的怪癖之一是睡在床下而不是床上。

7.
单选题
Both parties promised to（）the contract to be signed the following day.
问题1选项
A.keep with
B.tangle with
C.adhere to
D.devote to
【答案】C
【解析】考查词组辨析。

keep with意为“陪伴”；tangle with意为“与……吵架，与……争论”；adhere to意为“遵循，依附，坚持”；devote to意为“专用于做……，专心于做……”。

句意：双方都承诺遵守次日将要签署的合约。

8.
单选题
His mother scanned his face to see if he was telling the truth.
问题1选项
A.indicated
B.scrutinized
C.caressed
D.penetrated
【答案】D
【解析】考查同义动词辨析。

A选项indicated“表明，显示，象征，暗示”；B选项scrutinized“仔细查看；认真检查；细致审查”，表示用挑剔的眼光以及对细节苛求的态度检查；C选项caressed“抚摸，爱抚”；D选项penetrated“看透；透过……看见，洞察；发现；揭示”。

句意：他母亲审视着他的脸，想看看他是否在说真话。

Scan“细看；察看；审视；端详”。

D选项与scan意思最接近，因此D选项正确。

9.
翻译题
With the Armistice of 1918, and the peacemaking of 1919 (and the 18th Amendment of the same year, that in theory made Americ a a ‘dry’ nation), the American prose-writer entered a new period of revolt. In some ways this was a continuation of earlier movements. But the writers themselves did not think so; they acknowledged no kinship with prewar writers, except perhaps Theodore Dreiser. Henry Adams had said that the generations in American history were discontinuous: the younger did not learn from the older one, nor could it. Few of Adams’s contemporaries would have agreed with him. However, his Education, when published in a popular edition in 1918, made an immediate appeal to young people who were convinced that if they knew none of the answers, at any rate they had clues of which their parents had no inkling. Since they learned from Adams, who was old enough to be their collective grandfather, it might seem that he disproved his own theory. Such an objection, though, would have been met with the argument that Adams could make contact with them because he was out of touch with his own era. The post-war generation, the Lost Generation—when had any age-group been so self-consciously aware of itself?—laid eager claim to lost souls from the past. In reviving such figures as Melville it apologized for the stupidity of its ancestors.
【答案】【参考译文】随着1918年第一次世界大战停战协定的签订和1919年调停的达成（同一年的第18版修正案在理论上让美国变成了一个“没有战事”的国家），美国散文作家进入了一个新的反叛时期。

从某种程度上来说，这是早期反叛运动的延续。

但这些散文作家自己并不这么认为。

除了西奥多•德莱塞之外，他们不承认与战前的作家有任何密切关系。

享利•亚当斯称，在美国历史上，代与代之间是没有延续关系的：年轻的一代既没有，也不能向年长的一代人学习。

亚当斯的同代人中很少有人赞同他的观点。

然而，当他的《教育》一书在1918年以普及本被出版后，立刻引起了年轻人的兴趣。

这些年轻人坚信，对于那些父辈们一无所知的问题，即便是他们也不知道答案，他们也至少知道一些相关的线索。

由于他们向在年龄上可充当他们共同祖父的亚当斯学习，他似乎反驳了自己的理论。

而这种反驳也早该和亚当斯做出的与之相关的言论符合，因为他与自己所在的时代没有联系。

战后的一代，即迷惘的一代——有哪个年龄阶段的人曾如此清楚地意识到自己？——热切地声称有权拥有从过去迷失的灵魂。

在让诸如梅尔维尔等人物振作起来的过程中，迷失的一代为祖辈的愚蠢行为进行了道歉。

10.
单选题
The Malaysian administration ruled that the evidence about the missing MH370 was inadmissible on the grounds that it was impertinent.
问题1选项
A.irrational
B.unreasonable
C.invalid
D.irrelevant
【答案】D
【解析】考查形容词辨析。

impertinent意为“不相干的，不恰当的；粗鲁的”；irrational意为“不合
理的，荒谬的”；unreasonable意为“不合理的，荒唐的”；invalid意为“无效的”；irrelevant意为“无关紧要的，不相关的”。

句意：马来西亚政府裁定，关于失踪的MH370的证据是不可接受的，因为它是不相关的。

11.
单选题
Many people think of deserts as（）regions, but numerous species of plants and animals have adapted to life there.
问题1选项
A.barren
B.virgin
C.void
D.wretched
【答案】A
【解析】考查形容词辨析。

barren意为“贫瘠的，不毛的”；virgin意为“未开发的，原始状态的”；void意为“无效的，空的”；wretched意为“不幸的，悲惨的”。

but前后的内容含义转折关系，再根据人们通常对desert（沙漠）的印象是广阔无垠的荒地，因此选A。

句意：许多人认为沙漠是不毛之地，但是许多种类的植物和动物已经适应了那里的生活。

12.
翻译题
5. A fascinating city between sea and sky, like Venus rising from the waves, Venice welcomes tourists from the five continents drawn to her by the charm of her water and pellucid light, free from all dust and cooled by the sea breeze. She also offers the intellectual pleasures to be derived from her masterpieces which mark the meeting of East and West. 【答案】【参考译文】
5.威尼斯水城海天相连，景色迷人，宛如碧波中涌现的维纳斯，吸引着五大洲的游客。

她水色旖旎，波光粼粼，清风拂面而来，扫去你心中的不快与烦恼。

而城市中那些集东西方艺术之大成的杰作，更给人以精神上的享受。

13.
单选题
Cold compresses ease the pain of the physical injury, but only time could ______ the effect of the insult.
问题1选项
A.alleviate
B.decelerate
C.缺
D.perish
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词辨析。

A选项alleviate“减轻，缓和”；B选项decelerate“减速，降低速度”；C选项暂缺；D选项perish“使麻木；毁坏；死亡；毁灭；腐烂；枯萎”。

句意：冷敷可以减轻身体受到的伤害，但只有时间才能______受侮辱的影响。

影响应用减轻，而不用减速和毁灭，所以A选项正确。

14.
翻译题
Five National Health Service (NHS) trusts have signed partnerships with Google to process sensitive patient records, in what are believed to be the first deals of their kind. The collaborations came after DeepMind, the London-based artificial intelligence company owned by Alphabet, transferred control of its health division to its Californian parent. DeepMind had contracts to process medical data from six NHS trusts to develop its app, which alerts doctors and nurses when patients are at risk of acute kidney injury, as well as to conduct AI research. Five of the trusts chose to sign contracts with Google. According to papers from the Royal Free, the data that will be shared with Google will include details such as medical
history, diagnoses, treatment dates and ethnic origin.
【答案】【参考译文】英国国家医疗服务体系的五家信托公司与谷歌签署了合作伙伴关系，以处理敏感的患者记录，这被认为是此类交易的首次。

此前，总部位于伦敦的Alphabet旗下人工智能公司DeepMind将其医疗部门的控制权转让给了位于加州的母公司。

DeepMind与NHS签订了合同，处理来自6个信托机构的医疗数据，以开发自己的应用，以及进行人工智能研究。

当患者面临急性肾损伤风险时，该应用会向医生和护士发出警报。

其中5家信托公司选择与谷歌签订合同。

根据皇家自由报的文件，谷歌将共享的数据包括病史、诊断、治疗日期和种族等细节。

15.
单选题
Successful politicians are good at giving ______ answers to questions on difficult issues. 问题1选项
A.definitive
B.ubiquitous
C.ambiguous
D.ineffable
【答案】C
【解析】考查形容词辨析。

A选项definitive“最后的；最佳的；最权威的”；B选项ubiquitous“普遍存在的；无所不在的”；C选项ambiguous“模糊不清的，模棱两可的；不明确的，不明朗的；引起歧义的”；D选项ineffable“不可言喻的；不应说出的；难以形容的”。

句意：成功的政治家善于对棘手问题给出______答案。

政治家的重要职能便是处理争端和分配利益，所以他们的回答不能太过绝对化，此处填“模棱两可的”更符合句意，所以C选项正确。