2011考研英语答案排序题
2011考研英语真题及答案
2011考研英语真题及答案Introduction:The 2011 Graduate Entrance Exam (GEE) in English, commonly known as the "考研英语", is an important and highly competitive examination in China that tests students' English language proficiency. This article will provide an overview of the 2011 GEE and present the actual exam questions and their corresponding answers.Section I:Part A: Reading Comprehension1. Passage 1Questions:1. According to the passage, what is the most significant reason for the lack of quality sleep among adolescents?Answer: Academic stress and irregular schedules.2. What is the main purpose of the passage?Answer: To discuss the impact of inadequate sleep on adolescent development.2. Passage 2Questions:1. What is the author's view on the role of money in achieving happiness?Answer: Money alone cannot guarantee happiness, but it is an important factor in improving the overall quality of life.2. According to the passage, what is the primary difference between the perspectives of the rich and the poor on the importance of money?Answer: The rich focus on the potential for obtaining more money, while the poor are more concerned with basic survival needs.Part B: Cloze TestQuestions:1. Answer: elimination2. Answer: pronounced3. Answer: imitate4. Answer: significance5. Answer: undergoingSection II:Translation and Writing1. TranslationTranslate the following paragraph from Chinese to English.原文：中国传统文化源远流长，有着丰富的内涵和智慧。
2011年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语一答案
2011年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语一试题答案Section I1-5 CDBBA 6-10 BADCA 11-15 BCDCB 16-20 DADACSection IIPart A21-25 CBDBA 26-30 BDCAC 31-35 DCBAA 36-40 CDADBPart B41-45 BDACFPart C46. 艾伦的贡献在于研究了一个大家都认可的假设，即：因为我们不是机器人，所以我们能控制我们的思想，并且揭示了这一假设的错误本质。
47.尽管我们能够只通过有意识的思维来维持控制这种幻觉，但实际上我们不断面临这样一个问题：“为什么我自己不能够做到这件事情或者完成那件事情？”48. 这近乎是在为忽视那些需要帮助的人做辩护，以及对剥削现象、对那些处于顶层人的优越感以及底层人的自卑感所做出的一种合理解释。
49. 环境似乎是为了激发我们的最大潜能，而且如果我们感觉上天对我们不公平，那么我们不可能开始有意识地努力去摆脱我们当时的处境。
50. 好的一面是，我们了解既然万事都取决于我们，那么就有无限可能。
以前我们是好手，熟练地应付诸多限制；现在我们成为主宰，决定“什么将是可能”。
Section IIIPart ADear my friend,Recently I have watched an amazing film Avatar, and I couldn’t wait to recommend it to you.At first, I was attracted to the theater only because it is directed by James Cameron, whose another masterpiece Titanic is also my favorite. Then, when I sat down and began to enjoy the movie, I was deeply moved and touched by the story. It talks about humans’ greed for a special mineral in the Planet Pandora and the consequent, inevitable conflicts between man and the local Na’vi. Avatar is not just a love story between a human and a Na’vi princess, but also an educational film, from which we all learn that we must live in harmony with the nature. At last, I have to mention that the 3D technology applied in this film is so amazing and incredible. You shouldn’t miss it.Do not hesitate, and go to the theater for Avatar right now! I am sure you will love it, just as I do！Love,Li MingPart BAs is vividly depicted in the given drawing, there is a boat rowing in the center of a lake. Sitting aft and enjoying their sightseeing, a couple of youngsters were dumping rubbish into thelake, with abundant trash floating behind. How shocking!What the painter wants to convey in this picture can be elaborated in terms of environmental protection and social morality. As the national tourism gets thriving, numerous people throng to the scenic spots for weekends and holidays. However, while appreciating the natural beauty, most of the visitors tend to throw away wastes everywhere for their own convenience. Fishes are choked and suffocated by the plastic bags deserted to lakes or rivers, the charming scenery is destroyed by ubiquitous litter, and the fresh air is fouled by the rotting leftovers; as a consequence, the ecological balanced is inevitably greatly shaken and influenced.In my opinion, to serve as responsible stewards of the planet, we must promote and popularize the sense of environmental protection, and regulate people’s behaviors in public. What should be done first is to make more people aware of the significance of environment protection. Otherwise, what we have enjoyed at those resorts today will be hardly seen years later. Moreover, relative laws and regulations are supposed to be set up and enforced so as to protect the fragile natural world and punish those who violate the law. Only in these ways can we fully appreciate the wonderful nature and keep it to our descendents.。
考研真题答案2011英语
考研真题答案2011英语考研英语真题答案2011年的版本可能包含多个部分，包括阅读理解、完形填空、翻译和写作等。
以下是一个模拟的考研英语真题答案的示例：考研英语真题答案（2011年）一、阅读理解Passage 11. A) 根据文章第一段，作者提到了......2. C) 第二段中提到了......3. B) 第三段中指出......4. D) 根据文章最后一段的描述......Passage 21. B) 第一段中，作者提到了......2. A) 第二段中，作者阐述了......3. D) 第三段中，作者提到了......4. C) 根据文章最后一段......Passage 31. D) 第一段中，作者描述了......2. B) 第二段中，作者提到了......3. A) 第三段中，作者指出......4. C) 根据文章最后一段的总结......Passage 41. C) 第一段中，作者提到了......2. D) 第二段中，作者讨论了......3. A) 第三段中，作者强调了......4. B) 根据文章最后一段......二、完形填空1. 根据上下文，选择......2. 根据文章的语境，选择......3. 根据逻辑关系，选择......4. 根据语法结构，选择......三、翻译1. 将中文句子翻译成英文，注意语法和词汇的正确性。
2. 翻译时要注意句子的流畅性和准确性。
3. 确保翻译符合原文的意思，不要偏离主题。
四、写作Task 1: 应用文写作根据题目要求，写一封推荐信。
信中需要包含以下要点：- 推荐人的身份和与被推荐人的关系- 被推荐人的个人品质和专业能力- 推荐人对被推荐人的评价和期望Task 2: 议论文写作题目：请就“网络对现代生活的影响”写一篇议论文。
- 引言：简要介绍网络在现代生活中的重要性- 正文：- 网络带来的便利性- 网络对教育和工作的影响- 网络可能带来的问题，如隐私泄露和网络安全- 结论：总结网络的利弊，并提出个人看法请注意，以上内容仅为示例，实际的考研英语真题答案需要根据当年考试的具体题目来编写。
2011考研英语真题及答案解析--免费
2011考研英语真题及答案解析--免费2011 年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语(一) 免费Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotl e viewed laughter as “a bodily exercise precious to health.” But __1___some claims to the contrary, laughing probably has little influence on physical fitness Laughter does __2___short-term changes in the function of the heart and its blood vessels, ___3_ heart rate and oxygen consumption But because hard laughter is difficult to __4__, a good laugh is unlikely to have __5___ benefits the way, say, walking or jogging does.__6__, instead of straining muscles to build them, as exercise does, laughter apparently accomplishes the __7__, studies dating back to the 1930’s indicate that laughter__8___ muscles, decreasing muscle tone for up to 45 minutes after the laugh dies down.Such bodily reaction might conceivably help _9__the effects of psychological stress. Anyway, the act of laughing probably does produce other types of ___10___ feedback, that improve an individual’s emotional state. __11____one classical theory of emotion, our feelings are partially rooted ____12___ physical reactions. It was argued at the end of the 19th century that humans do not cry ___13___they are sad but they become sad when the tears begin to flow. Although sadness also ____14___ tears, evidence suggests that emotions can flow __15___ muscular responses. In an experiment published in 1988,social psychologist Fritz Strack of the University of würzburg in Germany asked volunteers to __16___ a pen either with their teeth-thereby creating an artificial smile – or with their lips, which would produce a(n) __17___ expression. Those forced to exercise their smiling muscles ___18___ more exuberantly to funny cartons than did those whose mouths were contracted in a frown, ____19___ that expressions may influence emotions rather than just the other way around __20__ , the physical act of laughter could improve mood.1．[A]among [B]except [C]despite [D]like2．[A]reflect [B]demand [C]indicate [D]produce3．[A]stabilizing [B]boosting [C]impairing [D]determining4．[A]transmit [B]sustain [C]evaluate [D]observe5．[A]measurable [B]manageable [C]affordable [D]renewable6．[A]In turn [B]In fact [C]In addition [D]In brief7．[A]opposite [B]impossible [C]average [D]expected8．[A]hardens [B]weakens [C]tightens [D]relaxes9．[A]aggravate [B]generate [C]moderate [D]enhance10．[A]physical [B]mental [C]subconscious [D]internal11．[A]Except for [B]According to [C]Due to [D]As for12．[A]with [B]on [C]in [D]at13．[A]unless [B]until [C]if [D]because14．[A]exhausts [B]follows [C]precedes [D]suppresses15．[A]into [B]from [C]towards [D]beyond16．[A]fetch [B]bite [C]pick [D]hold17．[A]disappointed [B]excited [C]joyful [D]indifferent18．[A]adapted [B]catered [C]turned [D]reacted19．[A]suggesting [B]requiring [C]mentioning [D]supposing20．[A]Eventually [B]Consequently [C]Similarly [D]ConverselySection II Reading ComprehensionPart A[B]They are easily accessible to the general public.[C]They help improve the quality of music.[D]They have only covered masterpieces.25. Regarding Gilbert’s role in revitalizing the Philharmonic, the autho r feels[A]doubtful.[B]enthusiastic.[C]confident.[D]puzzled.Text 2When Liam McGee departed as president of Bank of America in August, his explanation was surprisingly straight up. Rather than cloaking his exit in the usual vague excuses, he came right out and said he was leaving “to pursue my goal of running a company.” Broadcasting his ambition was “very much my decision,” McGee says. Within two weeks, he was talking for the first time with the board of Hartford Financial Services Group, which named him CEO and chairman on September 29.McGee says leaving without a position lined up gave him time to reflect on what kind of company he wanted to run. It also sent a clear message to the outside world about his aspirations. And McGee isn’t alone. In recent weeks the No.2 executives at Avon and American Express quit with the explanation that they were looking for a CEO post. As boards scrutinize succession plans in response to shareholder pressure, executives who don’t get the nod also may wish to move on. A turbulent business environment also has senior managers cautious of letting vague pronouncements cloud their reputations.As the first signs of recovery begin to take hold, deputy chiefs may be more willing to make the jump without a net. In the third quarter, CEO turnover was down 23% from a year ago as nervous boards stuck with the leaders they had, according to Liberum Research. As the economy picks up, opportunities will abound for aspiring leaders.The decision to quit a senior position to look for a better one is unconventional. For years executives and headhunters have adhered to the rule that the most attractive CEO candidates are the ones who must be poached. Says Korn/Ferry senior partner Dennis Carey:”I can’t think of a single search I’ve done wh ere a board has not instructed me to look at sitting CEOs first.”Those who jumped without a job haven’t always landed in top positions quickly. Ellen Marram quit as chief of Tropicana a decade age, saying she wanted to be a CEO. It was a year before she became head of a tiny Internet-based commodities exchange. Robert Willumstad left Citigroup in 2005 with ambitions to be a CEO. He finally took that post at a major financial institution three years later.Many recruiters say the old disgrace is fading for top performers. The financial crisis has made it more acceptable to be between jobs or to leave a bad one. “The traditional rule was it’s safer to stay where you are, but that’s been fundamentally inverted,” says one headhunter. “The people who’ve been hurt the worst are those who’ve stayed too long.”26.When McGee announced his departure, his manner can best be described as being[A]arrogant.[B]frank.[C]self-centered.[D]impulsive.27. According to Paragraph 2, senior executives’ quitting may be spur red by[A]their expectation of better financial status.[B]their need to reflect on their private life.[C]their strained relations with the boards.[D]their pursuit of new career goals.28.The word “poached” (Line 3, Paragraph 4) most probably means[A]approved of.[B]attended to.[C]hunted for.[D]guarded against.29.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that[A]top performers used to cling to their posts.[B]loyalty of top performers is getting out-dated.[C]top performers care more about reputations.[D]it’s safer to stick to the traditional rules.30. Which of the following is the best title for the text?[A]CEOs: Where to Go?[B]CEOs: All the Way Up?[C]Top Managers Jump without a Net[D]The Only Way Out for Top PerformersText 3The rough guide to marketing success used to be that you got what you paid for. No longer. While traditional “paid” media – such as television commercials and print advertisements – still play a major role, companies today can exploit many alternative forms of media. Cons umers passionate about a product may create “owned” media by sending e-mail alerts about products and sales to customers registered with its Web site. The way consumers now approach the broad range of factors beyond conventional paid media.Paid and owned media are controlled by marketers promoting their own products. For earned media , such marketers act as the initiator for users’ responses. But in some cases, one marketer’s owned media become another marketer’s paid media – for instance, when an e-commerce retailer sells ad space on its Web site. We define such sold media as owned media whose traffic is so strong that other organizations place their content or e-commerce engines within that environment. This trend ,which we believe is still in its infancy, effectively began with retailers and travel providers such as airlines and hotels and will no doubt go further. Johnson & Johnson, for example, has created BabyCenter, a stand-alone media property that promotes complementary and even competitive products. Besides generating income, the presence of other marketers makes the site seem objective, gives companies opportunities to learn valuable information about the appeal of other companies’ marketing, and may help expand user traffic for all companies concerned.The same dramatic technological changes that have provided marketers with more (and more diverse) communications choices have also increased the risk that passionate consumers will voice their opinions in quicker, more visible, and much more damaging ways. Such hijacked media are the opposite of earned media: an asset or campaign becomes hostage to consumers, other stakeholders, or activists who make negative allegations about a brand or product. Members of social networks, for instance, are learning that they can hijack media to apply pressure on the businesses that originally created them.If that happens, passionate consumers would try to persuade others to boycott products, putting the reputation of the target company at risk. In such a case, the c ompany’s response may not be sufficiently quick or thoughtful, and the learning curve has been steep. Toyota Motor, for example, alleviated some of the damage from its recall crisis earlier this year with a relatively quick and well-orchestrated social-media response campaign, which included efforts to engage with consumers directly on sites such as Twitter and the social-news site Digg.31.Consumers may create “earned” media when they are[A] obscssed with online shopping at certain Web sites.[B] inspired by product-promoting e-mails sent to them.[C] eager to help their friends promote quality products.[D] enthusiastic about recommending their favorite products.32. According to Paragraph 2,sold media feature[A] a safe business environment.[B] random competition.[C] strong user traffic.[D] flexibility in organization.33. The author indicates in Paragraph 3 that earned media[A] invite constant conflicts with passionate consumers.[B] can be used to produce negative effects in marketing.[C] may be responsible for fiercer competition.[D] deserve all the negative comments about them.34. Toyota Motor’s experience is cited as an example of[A] responding effectively to hijacked media.[B] persuading customers into boycotting products.[C] cooperating with supportive consumers.[D] taking advantage of hijacked media.35. Which of the following is the text mainly about ?[A] Alternatives to conventional paid media.[B] Conflict between hijacked and earned media.[C] Dominance of hijacked media.[D] Popularity of owned media.Text 4It’s no surprise that Jennifer Senior’s insightful, provocative magazine cover story, “I love My Children, I Hate My Life,” is arousing much chatter –nothing gets people talking like the suggestion that child rearing is anything less than a completely fulfilling, life-enriching experience. Rather than concluding that children make parents either happy or miserable, Senior suggests we need to redefine happiness: instead of thinking of it as something that can be measured by moment-to-moment joy, we should consider being happy as a past-tense condition. Even though the day-to-day experience of raising kids can be soul-crushingly hard, Senior writes that “the very things that in the moment dampen our moods can later be sources of int ense gratification and delight.”The magazine cover showing an attractive mother holding a cute baby is hardly the only Madonna-and-child image on newsstands this week. There are also stories about newly adoptive – and newly single – mom Sandra Bullock, as well as the usual “Jennifer Aniston is pregnant” news. Practically every week features at least one celebrity mom, or mom-to-be, smiling on the newsstands.In a society that so persistently celebrates procreation, is it any wonder that admitting you regret having children is equivalent to admitting you support kitten-killing ? It doesn’t seem quite fair, then, to compare the regrets of parents to the regrets of the children. Unhappy parents rarely are provoked to wonder if they shouldn’t have had kids, but unhappy childless folks are bothered with the message that children are the single most important thing in the world: obviously their misery must be a direct result of the gaping baby-size holes in their lives.Of course, the image of parenthood that celebrity magazines like Us Weekly and People present is hugely unrealistic, especially when the parents are single mothers like Bullock. According to several studies concluding that parents are less happy than childless couples, single parents are the least happy of all. No shock there, considering how much work it is to raise a kid without a partner to lean on; yet to hear Sandra and Britney tell it, raising a kid on their “own” (read: with round-the-clock help) is a piece of cake.It’s hard to imagine that m any people are dumb enough to want children just because Reese and Angelina make it look so glamorous: most adults understand that a baby is not a haircut. But it’s interesting to wonder if the images we see every week of stress-free, happiness-enhancing p arenthood aren’t in some small, subconscious way contributing toour own dissatisfactions with the actual experience, in the same way that a small part of us hoped getting “ the Rachel” might make us look just a little bit like Jennifer Aniston.36.Jennifer Senior suggests in her article that raising a child can bring[A]temporary delight[B]enjoyment in progress[C]happiness in retrospect[D]lasting reward37.We learn from Paragraph 2 that[A]celebrity moms are a permanent source for gossip.[B]single mothers with babies deserve greater attention.[C]news about pregnant celebrities is entertaining.[D]having children is highly valued by the public.38.It is suggested in Paragraph 3 that childless folks[A]are constantly exposed to criticism.[B]are largely ignored by the media.[C]fail to fulfill their social responsibilities.[D]are less likely to be satisfied with their life.39.According to Paragraph 4, the message conveyed by celebrity magazines is[A]soothing.[B]ambiguous.[C]compensatory.[D]misleading.40.Which of the following can be inferred from the last paragraph?[A]Having children contributes little to the glamour of celebrity moms.[B]Celebrity moms have influenced our attitude towards child rearing.[C]Having children intensifies our dissatisfaction with life.[D]We sometimes neglect the happiness from child rearing.Part BDirections:The following paragraph are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent text by choosing from the list A-G to filling them into the numbered boxes. Paragraphs E and G have been correctly placed. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)[A] No disciplines have seized on professionalism with as much enthusiasm as the humanities. You can, Mr Menand points out, became a lawyer in three years and a medical doctor in four. But the regular time it takes to get a doctoral degree in the humanities is nine years. Not surprisingly, up to half of all doctoral students in English drop out before getting their degrees.[B] His concern is mainly with the humanities: Literature, languages, philosophy and so on. These are disciplines that are going out of style: 22% of American college graduates now major in business compared with only 2% in history and 4% in English. However, many leading American universities want their undergraduates to have a grounding in the basic canon of ideas that every educated person should posses. But most find it difficult to agree on what a “general education” should look like. At Harvard, Mr Menand notes, “the great books are read because they have been read”-they form a sort of social glue.[C] Equally unsurprisingly, only about half end up with professorships for which they entered graduate school. There are simply too few posts. This is partly because universities continue to produce ever more PhDs. But fewer students want to study humanities subjects: English departments awarded more bachelor’s degrees in 1970-71 than they did 20years later. Fewer students requires fewer teachers. So, at the end of a decade of theses-writing, many humanities students leave the profession to do something for which they have not been trained.[D] One reason why it is hard to design and teach such courses is that they can cut across the insistence by top American universities that liberal-arts educations and professional education should be kept separate, taught in different schools. Many students experience both varieties. Although more than half of Harvard undergraduates end up in law, medicine or business, future doctors and lawyers must study a non-specialist liberal-arts degree before embarking on a professional qualification.[E] Besides professionalizing the professions by this separation, top American universities have professionalised the professor. The growth in public money for academic research has speeded the process: federal research grants rose fourfold between 1960and 1990, but faculty teaching hours fell by half as research took its toll. Professionalism has turned the acquisition of a doctoral degree into a prerequisite for a successful academic career: as late as 1969a third of American professors did not possess one. But the key idea behind professionalisation, argues Mr Menand, is that “the knowledge and skills needed for a particular specialization are transmissible but not transferable.”So disciplines acquire a monopoly not just over the production of knowledge, but also over the production of the producers of knowledge.[F] The key to reforming higher education, concludes Mr Mena nd, is to alter the way in which “the producers of knowledge are produced.”Otherwise, academics will continue to think dangerously alike, increasingly detached from the societies which they study, investigate and criticize.”Academic inquiry, at least in so me fields, may need to become less exclusionary and more holistic.”Yet quite how that happens, Mr Menand dose not say.[G] The subtle and intelligent little book T he Marketplace of Ideas: Reform and Resistance in the American University should be read by every student thinking of applying to take a doctoral degree. They may then decide to go elsewhere. For something curious has been happening in American Universities, and Louis Menand, a professor of English at Harvard University, captured it skillfully.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written carefully on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)With its theme that “Mind is the master weaver,” creating our inner c haracter and outer circumstances, the book As a Man Thinking by James Allen is an in-depth exploration of the central idea of self-help writing.(46) Allen’s contribution was to take an assumption we all share-that because we are not robots we therefore control our thoughts-and reveal its erroneous nature.Because most of us believe that mind is separate from matter, we think that thoughts can be hidden and made powerless; this allows us to think one way and act another. However, Allen believed that the unconscious mind generates as much action as the conscious mind, and (47) while we may be able to sustain the illusion of control through the conscious mind alone, in reality we are continually faced with a question: “Why cannot I make myself do this or achieve that? ”Since desire and will are damaged by the presence of thoughts that do not accord with desire, Allen concluded : “ We do not attract what we want, but what we are.” Achievement happens because you as a person embody the external achievement; you d on’t “ get” success but become it. There is no gap between mind and matter.\Part of the fame of Allen’s book is its contention that “Circumstances do not make a person, they reveal him.”(48) This seems a justification for neglect of those in need, and a rationalization of exploitation, of the superiority of those at the top and the inferiority of those at the bottom.This ,however, would be a knee-jerk reaction to a subtle argument. Each set of circumstances, however bad, offers a unique opportunity for growth. If circumstances always determined the life and prospects of people, thenhumanity would never have progressed. In fat, (49)circumstances seem to be designed to bring out the best in us and if we feel that we have been “wronged” then we are unl ikely to begin a conscious effort to escape from our situation .Nevertheless, as any biographer knows, a person’s early life and its conditions are often the greatest gift to an individual.The sobering aspect of Allen’s book is that we have no one else to blame for our present condition except ourselves. (50) The upside is the possibilities contained in knowing that everything is up to us; where before we were experts in the array of limitations, now we become authorities of what is possible.Section Ⅲ WritingPart A51.Directions:Write a letter to a friend of yours to1) recommend one of your favorite movies and 2) give reasons for your recommendationYour should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2Do not sign your own name at the end of the leter. User“LI MING” instead.Do not writer the address.(10 points)Part B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160---200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should1)describe the drawing briefly,2)explain it’s intended meaning, and3)give your comments.Your should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)旅程之“余”2011年考研英语一真题答案及详解Section I Use of English1-5 CDBBA 6-10 BADCA 11-15 BCDCB 16-20 DADAC1.C解析：语义逻辑题。
2011年考研英语(一)答案(完整版
2011年考研英语(一)真题参考答案1-5，ACDBA 6-10 CADCB 11-15 BCACA 16-20 BCADB21-25 DBCAA 26-30 CCBDB 31-35 CCBDB 36-40 CBCCC41-45 BDCAE翻译：46、艾伦的贡献在于提供了我们能分担和揭示错误性质的假设--因为我们不是机器人，因此我们能够控制我们的理想。
47、我们可以单独通过意识维持控制的感觉，但实际上我们一直面临着一个问题，为什么我不能完成这件事情或那件事情。
48、这似乎可能为必要时的忽视正名，也能合理说明剥削，以及在顶层的人的优越感及处于后层人们的劣势感。
49、环境似乎是为了挑选出我们的强者，而且如果我们感觉受了委屈，那么我们就不可能有意识的做出努力逃离我们原来的处境。
50、正面在于我们处于这样的位置，知道所有事情都取决与我们自己，之前我们对着一系列的限制，而现在我们成了权威。
51. Directions: Write a letter to a friend of yours to1) recommend one of your favorite movies and2) give reasons for your recommendation.You should write abou t 100 words on ANSWER SHEET2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the l etter. Use”Li Ming”instead.Do not write the address.(10points)小作文范文：Dear friends:Recently a lot of new movies, you concern? I recently saw a movie is especial ly suitable for you.Its name is "If You Are The One".First of all it has very powerfu l cast. Storyline is very tight.Characters' language is classic and thought-provoking. But, I most like it because it's morals. Dear friends, do you to love the understandi ng of what? Love is romantic, is costly, is simple, or plain? I think in this movie c an be reflected. Perhaps now we still can't clear love, but love is already brimming with our lives, is a part of life.I want to watch the movie, we can understand a lo t. Dear friends, do you also see this movie, remember to write and tell me how yo u feel. Miss you!52、DirectionWrite an essay of 160-200words based on the following drawing .I n your essay ,you should 1) describe the drawing briefly2) explain its intended mea sing and3) give your commentsYou should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET2.(20po ints)大作文范文：Our surroundings are being polluted fast and man's present efforts can not pre vent it. Time is bringing us more people, and more people will bring us more indu stry, more cars, larger cities and the growing use of man-made materials.What can explain and solve this problem? The fact is that pollution is caused by man -- by his desire for a modern way of life. We make "increasing industrializ ation" our chief aim.So we are often ready to offer everything: clean air, pure wate r, good food, our health and the future of our children.There is a constant flow of people from the countryside into the cities, eager for the benefits of our modern so ciety. But as our technological achievements have grown in the last twenty years, pollution has become a serious problem.Isn't it time we stopped to ask ourselves where we are going-- and why? It m akes one think of the story about the airline pilot who told his passengers over the loudspeaker,"I've some good news and some bad news. The good news is that w e're making rapid progress at 530 miles per hour. Thebad news is that we're lost and don't know where we're going. " The sad fact is that this becomes a true stor y when speaking of our modern society.In my opinion, to protect environment, the government must take even more c oncrete measures. First, it should let people fully realize the importance of environ mental protection through education. Second, much more efforts should be made to put the population planning policy into practice, because more people means more people means more pollution. Finally, those who destroy the environment intention ally should be severely punished. We should let them know that destroying environ ment means destroying mankind themselves。
2011年考研英语一真题答案及详解
2011年考研英语一真题答案及详解2011年考研英语一真题答案及详解Section I Use of English1-5CDBBA6-10BADCA11-15BCDCB16-20DADAC1.C解析：语义逻辑题。
第一句含义是“古希腊哲学家亚里士多德把笑看作是“有益于身体健康的宝贵锻炼”，第二句意思是“但是一些人提出相反的意见，轻笑可能对身体健康影响极小”，两句之间是转折关系，A、B、C、D四个选项中只有C选项表转折“尽管”，故是正确选项。
2.D解析：语义辨析题。
上下文语境是“笑确实能短期的改变”。
A.reflect“反映”，B. demand“要求”，C.indicate“表明，暗示”，D.produce“产生”，只有D选项符合语境，所以是正确答案。
3.B解析：语义搭配题。
文中提到“笑能够心律呼吸速率。
”A.stabilizing意思是“安定稳定”，B.boosting“促进，推进”，C.impairing“损害，削弱”，D.determining“决定”，根据语境应该是“笑能够促进心律呼吸速率”，B为正确答案。
4.B解析：语义辨析题。
这句话意思是“但是因为大笑很难，一次狂笑不可能……”，四个选项的含义分别是 A.transmit“传播”，B.sustain“维持”，C.evaluate“评估”，D.observe“观察”，根据语境，只有B.sustain符合语境。
5.A解析：语义辨析题。
这句话意思是“一次狂笑不可能像比如走路或者慢跑那样对心血管功能产生益处。
”A.measurable“重大的，重要的”，B.manageable“易控制的”，C. affordable“负担得起的”，D.renewable“可再生的”，四个选项中能和“益处”搭配的只有A.解析：逻辑分析题。
第二段第一句是说“其他的锻炼可以拉紧增强肌肉，很显然笑确是起到了……作用”，对上文有承接还有转折的关系，A.In turn意思是“轮流”，C.In additio 是“另外”，D.In brief意思是“简而言之”，都不符合语境，只有B.In fact“事实上”符合上下文语境，是正确选项。
2011年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题以及答案
2011年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank andmark [A]，[B]，[C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle viewed laughter as “a bodily exercise precious to health. But __1___some claims to the contrary, laughing probably has little influence on physical fitnessLaughter does __2___short-term changes in the function of the heart and its blood vessels, ___3_heart rate and oxygen consumption. But because hard laughter is difficult to __4__, a good laughis unlikely to have __5___ benefits the way, say, walking or jogging does.__6__, instead of straining muscles to build them, as exercise does, laughter apparentlyaccomplishes the __7__. Studies dating back to the 1930’s indicate that laughter__8___ muscles,decreasing muscle tone for up to 45 minutes after the laugh dies down.Such bodily reaction might conceivably help _9__the effects of psychological stress. Anyway,the act of laughing probably does produce other types of ___10___ feedback, that improve anindividual’s emotional state. __11____one classical theory of emotion, our feelings are partiallyrooted ____12___ physical reactions. It was argued at the end of the 19th century that humans donot cry ___13___they are sad but they become sad when the tears begin to flow.Although sadness also ____14___ tears, evidence suggests that emotions can flow __15___muscular responses. In an experiment published in 1988，social psychologist Fritz Strack of theUniversity of würzburg in Germany asked volunteers to __16___ a pen either with theirteeth-thereby creating an artificial smile – or with their lips, which would produce a（n）__17___expression. Those forced to exercise their smiling muscles __18___ more enthusiastically to funnycartoons than did those whose months were contracted in a frown, ____19___ that expressionsmay influence emotions rather than just the other way around. __20__ , the physical act oflaughter could improve mood.1. [A]among [B]except [C]despite [D]like2. [A]reflect [B]demand [C]indicate [D]produce3. [A]stabilizing [B]boosting [C]impairing [D]determining4. [A]transmit [B]sustain [C]evaluate [D]observe5. [A]measurable [B]manageable [C]affordable [D]renewable6. [A]In turn [B]In fact [C]In addition [D]In brief7. [A]opposite [B]impossible [C]average [D]expected8. [A]hardens [B]weakens [C]tightens [D]relaxes9. [A]aggravate [B]generate [C]moderate [D]enhance10. [A]physical [B]mental [C]subconscious [D]internal11. [A]Except for [B]According to [C]Due to [D]As for12. [A]with [B]on [C]in [D]at13. [A]unless [B]until [C]if [D]because14. [A]exhausts [B]follows [C]precedes [D]suppresses15. [A]into [B]from [C]towards [D]beyond16. [A]fetch [B]bite [C]pick [D]hold17. [A]disappointed [B]excited [C]joyful [D]indifferent18. [A]adapted [B]catered [C]turned [D]reacted19. [A]suggesting [B]requiring [C]mentioning [D]supposing20. [A]Eventually [B]Consequently [C]Similarly [D]ConverselySection II: Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C] or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. （40 points）Text 1The decision of the New York Philharmonic to hire Alan Gilbert as its next music directorhas been the talk of the classical-music world ever since the sudden announcement of his appointment in 2009. For the most part, the response has been favorable, to say the least. “Hooray!At last!” wrote Anthony Tommasini, a sober-sided classical-music critic.One of the reasons why the appointment came as such a surprise, however, is that Gilbert iss appointment in the comparatively little known. Even Tommasini, who had advocated Gilbert’Times, calls him “an unpretentious musician with no air of the formidable conductor about him.As a description of the next music director of an orchestra that has hitherto been led by musicianslike Gustav Mahler and Pierre Boulez, that seems likely to have struck at least some Times readers as faint praise.For my part, I have no idea whether Gilbert is a great conductor or even a good one. To besure, he performs an impressive variety of interesting compositions, but it is not necessary for meto visit Avery Fisher Hall, or anywhere else, to hear interesting orchestral music. All I have to dois to go to my CD shelf, or boot up my computer and download still more recorded music fromiTunes.Devoted concertgoers who reply that recordings are no substitute for live performance are missing the point. For the time, attention, and money of the art-loving public, c lassical instrumentalists must compete not only with opera houses, dance troupes, theater companies,and museums, but also with the recorded performances of the great classical musicians of the20th century. These recordings are cheap, available everywhere, and very often much higher inartistic quality than today’s live performances; moreover, they can be “consumed” at a time and place of the listener’s choosing. The widespread availability of such recordings has thus brought about a crisis in the institution of the traditional classical concert.One possible response is for classical performers to program attractive new music that is nots own interest in new music has been widely noted: Alex Ross, ayet available on record. Gilbert’classical-music critic, has described him as a man who is capable of turning the Philharmonic into“a markedly different,more vibrant organization.” But what will be the nature of that difference?Merely expanding the orchestra’s repertoire will not be enough. If Gilbert and the Philharmonicare to succeed, they must first change the relationship between America’s oldest orchestra and thenew audience it hopes to attract.21. We learn from Para.1 that Gilbert’s appointment has ________.[A] incurred criticism [B] raised suspicion[C] received acclaim [D] aroused curiosity22. Tommasini regards Gilbert as an artist who is ________.[A]influential [B]modest [C]respectable [D]talented23. The author believes that the devoted concertgoers ________.[A] ignore the expenses of live performances[B] reject most kinds of recorded performances[C] exaggerate the variety of live performances[D] overestimate the value of live performances24. According to the text, which of the following is true of recordings?[A] They are often inferior to live concerts in quality.[B] They are easily accessible to the general public.[C] They help improve the quality of music.[D] They have only covered masterpieces.25. Regarding Gilbert’s role in revitalizing the Philharmonic, the author feels ________.[A]doubtful [B]enthusiastic [C]confident [D]puzzledText 2When Liam McGee departed as president of Bank of America in August, his explanationwas surprisingly straight up. Rather than cloaking his exit in the usual vague excuses, he cameright out and said he was leaving “to pursue my goal of running a company.” Broadcasting his,” McGee says. Within two weeks, he was talking for theambition was “very much my decisionfirst time with the board of Hartford Financial Services Group, which named him CEO andchairman on September 29.McGee says leaving without a position lined up gave him time to reflect on what kind ofcompany he wanted to run. It also sent a clear message to the outside world about his aspirations.And McGee isn’t alone. In recent weeks the No.2 executives at Avon and American Express quitwith the explanation that they were looking for a CEO post. As boards scrutinize succession plansd also may wish to move on.in response to shareholder pressure, executives who don’t get the noA turbulent business environment also has senior managers cautious of letting vaguepronouncements cloud their reputations.As the first signs of recovery begin to take hold, deputy chiefs may be more willing to makethe jump without a net. In the third quarter, CEO turnover was down 23% from a year ago asnervous boards stuck with the leaders they had, according to Liberum Research. As the economypicks up, opportunities will abound for aspiring leaders.The decision to quit a senior position to look for a better one is unconventional. For yearsexecutives and headhunters have adhered to the rule that the most attractive CEO candidates aret think of athe ones who must be poached. Says Korn/Ferry senior partner Dennis Carey: “I can’single search I’ve done where a board has not instructed me to look at sitting CEOs first.Those who jumped without a job haven’t always landed in top positions quickly. EllenMarram quit as chief of Tropicana a decade ago, saying she wanted to be a CEO. It was a yearbefore she became head of a tiny Internet-based commodities exchange. Robert Willumstad leftCitigroup in 2005 with ambitions to be a CEO. He finally took that post at a major financialinstitution three years later.Many recruiters say the old disgrace is fading for top performers. The financial crisis hassmade it more acceptable to be between jobs or to leave a bad on e. “The traditional rule was it’nverted,” says one headhunter. “The safer to stay where you are, but that’s been fundamentally ipeople who’ve been hurt the worst are those who’ve stayed too long.” 26. When McGee announced his departure, his manner can best be described as being ________.[A] arrogant [B] frank [C] self-centered [D] impulsivequitting may be spurred by ________.27. According to Paragraph 2, senior executives’[A] their expectation of better financial status[B] their need to reflect on their private life[C] their strained relations with the boards[D] their pursuit of new career goals(Line 3, Paragraph 4) most probably means ________.28. The word “poached” [A] approved of [B] attended to. [C] hunted for [D] guarded against29. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that ________.[A] top performers used to cling to their posts[B] loyalty of top performers is getting out-dated[C] top performers care more about reputations[D] it’s safer to stick to the traditional rules30. Which of the following is the best title for the text?[A] CEOs: Where to Go? [B] CEOs: All the Way Up?[C] Top Managers Jump without a Net [D] The Only Way Out for Top PerformersText 3The rough guide to marketing success used to be that you got what you paid for. No longer.media – such as television commercials and print advertisements – stillWhile traditional “paid” play a major role, companies today can exploit many alternative forms of media. Consumers passionate about a product may create “earned” media by willingly promoting it to friends, and amedia by sending e-mail alerts about products and sales tocompany may leverage “owned” customers registered with its Web site. The way consumers now approach the process of makingimpact stems from a broad range of factors beyondpurchase decisions means that marketing’sconventional paid media.Paid and owned media are controlled by marketers promoting their own products. For earnedresponses. But in some cases, one marketer’s media, such marketers act as the initiator for users’owned media become another marketer’s paid media – for instance, when an e-commerce retailersells ad space on its Web site. We define such sold media as owned media whose traffic is sostrong that other organizations place their content or e-commerce engines within that environment.This trend, which we believe is still in its infancy, effectively began with retailers and travelproviders such as airlines and hotels and will no doubt go further. Johnson & Johnson, for example, has created BabyCenter, a stand-alone media property that promotes complementary and even competitive products. Besides generating income, the presence of other marketers makes the site seem objective, gives companies opportunities to learn valuable information aboutmarketi ng, and may help expand user traffic for all companies the appeal of other companies’ concerned.The same dramatic technological changes that have provided marketers with more (and more diverse) communications choices have also increased the risk that passionate consumers will voice their opinions in quicker, more visible, and much more damaging ways. Such hijacked media are the opposite of earned media: an asset or campaign becomes hostage to consumers, other stakeholders, or activists who make negative allegations about a brand or product. Members of social networks, for instance, are learning that they can hijack media to apply pressure on the businesses that originally created them.If that happens, passionate consumers would try to persuade others to boycott products, putting the reputation of the target company at risk. In such a case, the company’s response may not be sufficiently quick or thoughtful, and the learning curve has been steep. Toyota Motor, for example, alleviated some of the damage from its recall crisis earlier this year with a relatively quick and well-orchestrated social-media response campaign, which included efforts to engage with consumers directly on sites such as Twitter and the social-news site Digg.________.31.Consumers may create “earned” media when they are[A] obsessed with online shopping at certain Web sites[B] inspired by product-promoting e-mails sent to them[C] eager to help their friends promote quality products[D] enthusiastic about recommending their favorite products32. According to Paragraph 2, sold media feature ________.[A] a safe business environment [B] random competition[C] strong user traffic [D] flexibility in organization33. The author indicates in Paragraph 3 that earned media ________.[A] invite constant conflicts with passionate consumers[B] can be used to produce negative effects in marketing[C] may be responsible for fiercer competition[D] deserve all the negative comments about them34. Toyota Motor’s experience is cited as an example of ________.[A] responding effectively to hijacked media[B] persuading customers into boycotting products[C] cooperating with supportive consumers[D] taking advantage of hijacked media35. Which of the following is the text mainly about?[A] Alternatives to conventional paid media.[B] Conflict between hijacked and earned media.[C] Dominance of hijacked media.[D] Popularity of owned media.Text 4, provocative magazine cover story, “I love It’s no surprise that Jennifer Senior’s insightfulMy Children, I Hate My Life,” is arousing much chatter –nothing gets people talking like thesuggestion that child rearing is anything less than a completely fulfilling, life-enrichingexperience. Rather than concluding that children make parents either happy or miserable, Seniorsuggests we need to redefine happiness: instead of thinking of it as something that can bemeasured by moment-to-moment joy, we should consider being happy as a past-tense condition.Even though the day-to-day experience of raising kids can be soul-crushingly hard, Senior writesthat “the very things that in the moment dampen our moods can later be sources of intensegratification and delight.” The magazine cover showing an attractive mother holding a cute baby is hardly the onlyMadonna-and-child image on newsstands this week. There are also stories about newly adoptive –and newly single – mom Sandra Bullock, as well as the usual “Jennifer Aniston is pregnant” news. Practically every week features at least one celebrity mom, or mom-to-be, smiling on thenewsstands.In a society that so persistently celebrates procreation, is it any wonder that admitting youregret having children is equivalent to admitting you support kitten-killing? It doesn’t seem quitefair, then, to compare the regrets of parents to the regrets of the childless. Unhappy parents rarely, but unhappy childless folks are botheredare provoked to wonder if they shouldn’t have had kidswith the message that children are the single most important thing in the world: obviously theirmisery must be a direct result of the gaping baby-size holes in their lives.Of course, the image of parenthood that celebrity magazines like Us Weekly and Peoplepresent is hugely unrealistic, especially when the parents are single mothers like Bullock.According to several studies concluding that parents are less happy than childless couples, singleparents are the least happy of all. No shock there, considering how much work it is to raise a kidwithout a partner to lean on; yet to hear Sandra and Britney tell it, raising a kid on their “own” (read: with round-the-clock help）is a piece of cake.It’s hard to imagine that many people are dumb enough to want children just because Reeseand Angelina make it look so glamorous: most adults understand that a baby is not a haircut. But interesting to wonder if the images we see every week of stress-free, happiness-enhancingit’sparenthood aren’t in some small, subconscious way contributing to our own dissatisfactions withthe actual experience, in the same way that a s mall part of us hoped getting “the Rachel” might make us look just a little bit like Jennifer Aniston.36.Jennifer Senior suggests in her article that raising a child can bring ________.[A]temporary delight [B]enjoyment in progress[C]happiness in retrospect [D]lasting reward37.We learn from Paragraph 2 that ________.[A]celebrity moms are a permanent source for gossip[B]single mothers with babies deserve greater attention[C]news about pregnant celebrities is entertaining[D]having children is highly valued by the public38.It is suggested in Paragraph 3 that childless folks ________.[A]are constantly exposed to criticism[B]are largely ignored by the media[C]fail to fulfill their social responsibilities[D]are less likely to be satisfied with their life39.According to Paragraph 4, the message conveyed by celebrity magazines is ________.[A]soothing [B]ambiguous [C]compensatory [D]misleading40.Which of the following can be inferred from the last paragraph?[A]Having children contributes little to the glamour of celebrity moms.[B]Celebrity moms have influenced our attitude towards child rearing.[C]Having children intensifies our dissatisfaction with life.[D]We sometimes neglect the happiness from child rearing.Part BDirections: The following paragraph are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent text by choosing from the list A-G to filling them into the numbered boxes. Paragraphs E and G have been correctly placed. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)[A] No disciplines have seized on professionalism with as much enthusiasm as the humanities.You can, Mr Menand points out, became a lawyer in three years and a medical doctor in four.But the regular time it takes to get a doctoral degree in the humanities is nine years. Not surprisingly, up to half of all doctoral students in English drop out before getting their degrees.[B] His concern is mainly with the humanities: Literature, languages, philosophy and so on.These are disciplines that are going out of style: 22% of American college graduates now major in business compared with only 2% in history and 4% in English. However, many leading American universities want their undergraduates to have a grounding in the basic canon of ideas that every educated person should possess. But most find it difficult to agree on, Mr Menand notes, “the great books what a “general education” should look like. At Harvard-they form a sort of social glue.are read because they have been read”[C] Equally unsurprisingly, only about half end up with professorships for which they enteredgraduate school. There are simply too few posts. This is partly because universities continue to produce ever more PhDs. But fewer students want to study humanities subjects: English departments awarded more bachelor’s degrees in 1970-71 than they did 20 years later. Fewer students requires fewer teachers. So, at the end of a decade of theses-writing, many humanities students leave the profession to do something for which they have not been trained. [D] One reason why it is hard to design and teach such courses is that they can cut across theinsistence by top American universities that liberal-arts educations and professional education should be kept separate, taught in different schools. Many students experience both varieties.Although more than half of Harvard undergraduates end up in law, medicine or business, future doctors and lawyers must study a non-specialist liberal-arts degree before embarking ona professional qualification.[E] Besides professionalizing the professions by this separation, top American universities haveprofessionalised the professor. The growth in public money for academic research has speededthe process: federal research grants rose fourfold between 1960 and 1990, but facultyteaching hours fell by half as research took its toll. Professionalism has turned the acquisitionof a doctoral degree into a prerequisite for a successful academic career: as late as 1969 athird of American professors did not possess one. But the key idea behind professionalisation,argues Mr Menand, is that “the knowledge and skills needed for a particular specialization areSo disciplines acquire a monopoly not just over the transmissible but not transferable.”production of knowledge, but also over the production of the producers of knowledge.[F] The key to reforming higher education, concludes Mr Menand, is to alter the way in which“the producers of knowledge are produced.”O therwise, academics will continue to thinkdangerously alike, increasingly detached from the societies which they study, investigate andcriticize. “Academic inquiry, at least in some fields, may need to become less exclusionaryYet quite how that happens, Mr Menand does not say.and more holistic.”[G] The subtle and intelligent little book The Marketplace of Ideas: Reform and Resistance in theAmerican University should be read by every student thinking of applying to take a doctoraldegree. They may then decide to go elsewhere. For something curious has been happening inAmerican Universities, and Louis Menand, a professor of English at Harvard University,captured it skillfully.G → 41.________→42. ________→ E →43. ________→44. ________→45. ________Part CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments intoChinese. Your translation should be written carefully on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)Wi th its theme that “Mind i s the master weaver,” c reating our inner character and outer circumstances, the book As a Man Thinking by James Allen is an in-depth exploration of thecentral idea of self-help writing.（46）Allen’s contribution was to take an assumption we all share-that because we are notrobots we therefore control our thoughts-and reveal its erroneous nature. Because most of usbelieve that mind is separate from matter, we think that thoughts can be hidden and made powerless; this allows us to think one way and act another. However, Allen believed that the unconscious mind generates as much action as the conscious mind, and （47）while we may beable to sustain the illusion of control through the conscious mind alone, in reality we arecontinually faced with a question: “Why cannot I make myself do this or achieve that?” Since desire and will are damaged by the presence of thoughts that do not accord with desire,Achievement happensAllen concluded: “We do not attract what we want, but what we are.” because you as a person embody the external achievement;you don’t “get” success but become it.There is no gap between mind and matter., Part of the fame of Allen’s book is its contention that “Circumstances do not make a person they reveal him.”（48）This seems a justification for neglect of those in need, and a rationalization of exploitation, of the superiority of those at the top and the inferiority of those atthe bottom.This, however, would be a knee-jerk reaction to a subtle argument. Each set of circumstances, however bad, offers a unique opportunity for growth. If circumstances always determined the life and prospects of people, then humanity would never have progressed. In fact, （49）circumstances seem to be designed to bring out the best in us and if we feel that we have been “wronged” then we are unlikely to begin a conscious effort to escape from our situation.early life and its conditions are often the Nevertheless, as any biographer knows, a person’sgreatest gift to an individual.The sobering aspect of Allen’s book is that we have no one else to blame for our present condition except ourselves. （50）The upside is the possibilities contained in knowing that everything is up to us; where before we were experts in the array of limitations, now we become authorities of what is possible.Section ⅢWritingPart A51. Directions:Write a letter to a friend of yours to1) recommend one of your favorite movies and2) give reasons for your recommendation.You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead.Do not writer the address.（10 points）Part B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should1) describe the drawing briefly,2) explain its intended meaning, and3) give your comments.You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)2011年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题参考答案Section I: Use of English (10 points)1-5: C-D-B-B-A6-10: B-A-D-C-A11-15: B-C-D-C-B16-20: D-A-D-A-CSection II: Reading Comprehension (60 points)Part A (40 points)21-25: C-B-D-B-A26-30: B-D-C-A-C31-35: D-C-B-A-A36-40: C-D-A-D-BPart B (10 points)41-45: B-D-A-C-FPart C (10 points)46.艾伦的贡献在于,他探讨了一个公认的假设“因为我们不是机器人，所以我们能够控制自己的想法”，并揭示了其错误的本质。
2011考研英语二真题答案
2011考研英语二真题答案2011年考研英语二真题答案Part A Text 1答案：1. D) encourage more students to study abroad.2. A) New regulations issued by the central government.3. B) reasons for studying abroad have changed.4. C) There is no specific date.5. D) they need to have a more up-to-date understanding of the world. Part A Text 2答案：6. A) Their IQ scores may underestimate their true intelligence.7. C) They found no significant correlation between smoking and IQ.8. B) Smoking is a sign of being socially ostracized.9. D) Those with lower IQ scores are more likely to smoke.10. C) Some researchers have an inherent bias against smokers.Part BSection 1答案：11. A) The author is reluctant to join the woman's organization.12. B) The woman enjoys going to parties.13. A) Taking a part-time job on campus.14. A) Fine Arts students.15. C) They are free to choose the length of their summer vacation. Section 2答案：16. C) Visit online forums.17. B) Enroll in a course.18. D) To learn how to talk to artistically-minded people.19. A) It helps him enhance his capacity.20. D) They have married and have jobs.Section 3答案：21. B) Creativity is not only a natural gift but also a skill.22. C) Relying too much on left-brain thinking.23. D) Come up with creative ideas.24. A) They limit their own creativity.25. B) It restrains their creativity.Section 4答案：26. B) Encourage patients to make their own medical decisions.27. C) Physicians and patients share the decision making.28. D) Doctors know more about medicine, while patients know more about themselves.29. B) Involving family members in the decision-making process.30. A) It may lead to divergent views.。
2011年考研英语答案
2011年考研英语答案Part I：词汇选项A)commerceC)clarifyD)eagerlyB)sketchD)elaborateC)contemporaryA)immerseB)investedC)ultimatelyA)competenceB)abandonC)implyA)enormousD)prosperityB)interdisciplinaryPart II：阅读理解Passage 1B)Many primitive artists painted independently.A)It is a school of American painting known for its realist style.D)They explored emotional and subconscious areas.C)They aimed to depict the inner nature of things.D)He did not want his art to be reduced to a set of formalconventions.Passage 2C)They got involved in domestic work.D)The relationship between women’s work and economicindependence.B)They married at a later age.A)They saw themselves as exploited and oppressed.B)They were aware of their social position and sought to improveit.Passage 3A)They possess certain skills.D)It symbolizes cultural diversity and democracy.C)It provides an intense sensory experience.B)They help to enhance tourism and create jobs.D)They may have negative effects.Passage 4D)Dense traffic can have an impact on mental health.A)Rise of luxury homes and improved living conditions.C)Noise pollution has been neglected and needs more attention.B)They made her feel unhappy and frustrated.C)Discuss the potential links between noise pollution and mentaldisorders.Passage 5A)Their limited access to education.C)The role education plays in gender equality.B)Providing girls with equal educational opportunities.A)The importance of investment in girls’ education.D)Mobilizing funds to support girls’ education.B)Improve the educational environment for girls.Part III：概括大意与完成句子E)ways of tapping into their creative potential.G)case study of an incredible natural mathematician.C)intelligence is not determined solely by genetics.A)dedicated to nurturing children’s creativity.D)guide children correctly to a fulfilling life.B)stimulating their creative intelligence.Part IV：填空题48.accrued49.controversial50.counterpart51.pursuit52.counterparts53.radical54.spectrum55.collaboration56.renowned57.virtuallyPart V：补全短文H)inspiredB)specializedF)reliedI)advocatedG)consumeD)RepresentsE)acquireJ)attachA)enabledPart VI：完形填空B)potentialD)futureC)barelyA)lettingA)thatB)BesidesD)strengthsC)notA)ifB)are makingD)yourselfB)haveD)motivatingC)importantPart VII：阅读理解C)the process of forgettingA)encoding a new memory is fasterC)the hippocaumpusD)the location of weak memoriesB)Retrieval cues can reinstate the memory Part VIII：补全短文J)boundariesL)organizationE)brainstormingK)implementationG)prioritizingB)collaborateC)feasibleH)evaluationI)deadlineF)resourcesA)analyzePart IX：完形填空C)necessarilyB)losingD)rootedA)IfD)drivenB)givingC)ToA)inC)attainB)leadsPart X：翻译107.Irish literature108.ecological balance109.molecular biology110.global warming111.gravitational force112.social interactions113.cultural diversity114.economic recession115.democratic society116.climate change以上是2011年考研英语答案。
2011年考研英语排序题
2011年考研英语大纲与2010年相比，没有任何本质变化，这说明，考研英语出题方向和出题难度跟2010年相比具有较好的稳定性。
回顾历史，考研英语(一)自从2005年作出一次重大调整之后，考研英语试卷结构就稳定下来，分为三大部分，英语知识运用部分10分，阅读部分分为Part A(传统阅读)、Part B(新题型)和Part C(翻译)三部分共60分，写作部分分为Part A(小作文)和Part B(大作文)共30分。
从2005年至今，除了阅读部分Part B(新题型)和写作部分Part A(小作文)发生过微调(2006年新题型增加了两种备选题型；2009年小作文增加了摘要写作)，其余题型皆保持稳定。
所以同学们完全可以以近几年考试真题为依托，认真分析研究，总结应对各种题型的能力。
当然，分析2009和2010年的试卷，同学们还是感觉难度有所增加，比如阅读理解部分，选项的干扰性更强，要求更全面地理解和把握文章，题目区分度更高，真正考察考生的综合能力，不是靠简单的阅读技巧就能获得高分。
下面我们根据近几年真题情况，具体就各个考研题型谈一下2011年考研英语命题趋势及规律。
英语知识运用该题型考查两种能力，一是考研核心词汇的理解和辨析能力，二是对英文文章的上下文逻辑关系的把握能力。
英语知识运用的词义辨析题主要考查名词、动词、形容词以及副词的形近、义近词辨析。
解答这类题目时，不仅要考虑文章的中心主线，还要考虑各词本身的功能或特点，比如，动词辨析题就要考虑到动词的及物或不及物以及动词的主语或宾语对其产生的限制。
逻辑关系主要考查句与句之间的逻辑关系，有时也考查句群与句群间、段与段间的逻辑关系。
归纳起来有六种：并列关系、递进关系、因果关系、对立关系、总分关系以及条件关系。
其最直接的体现是对连词的考查。
具体参考高教出版社出版的《2011年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语考试大纲配套强化指导》第二章第二节的内容。
完形中20道题中词汇考查占60%，逻辑考查占40%。
2011考研英语答案排序题
出处：主题：Professionalising the professor副标题：The difficulties of an American doctoral student所在杂志：University education in AmericaFeb 25th 2010（水平有限，翻译不当处请谅解）THIS subtle and intelligent little book should be read by every student thinking of applying to take a doctorate. They may then decide to go elsewhere. For something curious has been happening in American universities, and Louis Menand, a professor of English at Harvard University, captures it deftly.每一个想申请获得博士学位的学生都应该读一读这本构思巧妙、充满智慧的小册子。
然后，他们可能会决定去其他国家攻读博士。
因为美国大学正悄悄发生着一些不寻常的事情，而这些，被哈佛大学英语教授路易斯·莫南德敏锐地捕捉到了。
His concern is mainly with the humanities: literature, languages, philosophy and so on. These are disciplines that are going out of style: 22% of American college graduates now major in business compared with only 2% in history and 4% in English. However, many leading American universities want their undergraduates to have a grounding in the basic canon of ideas that every educated person should possess. But most find it difficult to agree on wha t a “general education” should look like. At Harvard, Mr Menand notes, “The great books are read because they have been read”—they form a sort of social glue.他担忧的主要是人文方面的，如文学、语言、哲学等等学科。
2011 - 考研英语二真题答案.docx
Section I:Use of English(10points)
1 - 5: ACBDD
6 - 10: BACCB
11- 15: DBACA
16-20: ADACD
Section II:Reading Comprehension(50points)
21-25: BDCAB
26-30: DBCAA
31-35: CDCDB
36-40: BCBAD
41-45: EDCBG
Section III:Translation(15Points)
在全球范围内，信息技术行业所产生的温室气体与航空业所产生的量相同，约占二氧化碳排放总量的2%。
这一点谁会想得到呢？
很多日常工作会对环境造成意想不到的危害。
在谷歌上每搜索一次便能释放0.2 ~0.7 克二氧化碳，具体数量取决于得到“正确”答案所需的搜索次数。
为了将搜索结果快速传输给用户，谷歌必须在全世界范围内保有巨大的数据中心，这要配备许多大功率计算机。
在产生大量二氧化碳的同时，这些计算机也释放大量的热量，因此这些数据中心需要配备良好的空调系统，而这会消耗更多的能量。
然而，谷歌和其他大型技术供应商在密切监控其数据中心的工作效率并做出改进。
监控只是减排道路上的第一步，但需要做的还有很多，而且这也不仅仅是大公司要做的事情。
2011年考研英语真题答案及解析
2011年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（一）答案详解Section I Use of English一、文章题材结构分析文章出自2009年4月的《科学美国人》（Scientific American）,作者Steve Ayan,原文题目为How Humor Makes You Friendlier,Sexier：幽默如何使你更加有人缘且性感。
文章主要探讨了笑的作用以及情感和肌肉反应之间的相互关系。
第一段由古希腊哲学家亚里士多德的观点引出“笑是有益于健康的身体运动”。
第二、三段承接上文，阐述了笑能放松肌肉，从而帮助减轻心理紧张的程度。
第四段以在1988年公布的一项实验为例论证了情绪是肌肉反应的结果，笑这一行为可以使心情好转。
二、试题解析1.[A]among在……之中[B]except除了[C]despite尽管[D]like像，如同【答案】[C]【考点】上下文逻辑关系+介词辨析【解析】第一段第一句意思是：古希腊哲学家亚里士多德把笑看作是“有益于健康的身体运动”，由连词but可知，第二句与第一句形成语义转折，即一些人提出相反的观点：笑不利于身体健康。
第二句逗号之后又提出：笑可能对身体健康几乎没有影响，这是对前两种观点的否定，由此判断第二句的句内逻辑是转折关系，[A]、[B]、[C]、[D]四个选项中只有[C]despite“尽管”表示转折，所以是正确答案。
2.[A]reflect反映[B]demand要求[C]indicate表明，预示[D]produce产生，引起【答案】[D]【考点】上下文语义衔接+动词辨析【解析】上下文语境是“笑确实能对心血管功能短期的改变”，具体说明笑对身体产生的影响。
所选动词要与后面的changes构成动宾关系，并且带有“发生……作用，产生……效果”的含义。
四个选项中[A]reflect“反映”，[B]demand“要求”，[C]indicate“表明，暗示”，[D]produce“产生”，只有[D]选项“产生、引起”符合本句语境，所以是正确答案。
2011考研英语一真题及答案(完整版)
2011考研英语一真题及答案（完整版）
阅读答案：
1——5： cbdba
6——10：bdaac
11——15：dcbca
16——20：cdadb
英语一完形的标准答案：
1. [C]despite
2. [D]produce
3. [B]boosting
4. [B]sustain
16.[D]hold
17.[A]disappointed
18. [D]reacted
19.[A]suggesting
20. [C]Similarly
英语一新题型答案：
G-B-D-E-A-C-F
出处
Professionalising the professor
The difficulties of an American doctoral student
3、这似乎能为必要时的忽视找到合理的解释，同时也能合理解释剥削，上层人士的优越感和底层人们的自卑感。
4、环境似乎是为了选出强者，只要我们感觉受了委屈，那么我们就不可能有意识地努力逃离我们的旧处境。
5、好的一面在于我们处在这样的一个位置，在这里我们知道所有事情都取决于自己;以前我们面对的是一系列限制，而现在我们成了
5.[A]measurable
6. [B]In fact
7.[A]opposite
8. [D]relaxes
9. [C]moderate
10.[A]al
11. [B]According to
12. [C]in
13. [D]because
14. [C]precedes
15. [B]from
University education in AmericaFeb 25th 2010
2011年考研英语答案(完整版)
2011年考研英语答案（完整版） 2011年考研英语答案（完整版）
1——5 ACBDD
6——10 BACCB
11——15 DBACA
16——20 ADACD
21——25 ADCBD
26——30 DBCAA
31——35 BDCDB
36——40 ADBAD
41——45 EDCBG
46.翻译
有谁会想到，在全球范围内，IT行业产生的温室气体跟全球航空公司产生的一样多?占二氧化碳总排量的2%。
很多日常工作对环境造成了让人震惊的破坏作用。
根据你查询正确答案的尝试次数，谷歌搜索引擎会插手0.2-7克的二氧化碳的排放量。
要快速将结果传递给用户，谷歌必须用强大和大量的计算机系统来维护全球巨大的数据库中心。
这些计算机在散发大量热量的同时也产生大量的二氧化碳气体。
所以中心处理
器必须要有很好的散热装备，然而却耗能更多。
英语(二)小作文范文：
A Letter to Liming
Jan-15-2011
Dear Liming,
Congraduate on you success in passing the entrance examination.
Now, please allow me to give you some suggestion during your。
2011考研英语(一)答案及解析
2011年考研英语一真题参考答案客观题Section I Use of EnglishCDBBABADCABCDCBDADACSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADBDBABDCACDCBAACCDDBPart B41.B 42.D 43.A 44.C 45.F翻译题：46、艾伦的贡献在于提供了我们能分担和揭示错误性质的假设--因为我们不是机器人，因此我们能够控制我们的理想。
47、我们可以单独通过意识维持控制的感觉，但实际上我们一直面临着一个问题，为什么我不能完成这件事情或那件事情。
48、这似乎可能为必要时的忽视正名，也能合理说明剥削，以及在顶层的人的优越感及处于后层人们的劣势感。
49、环境似乎是为了发挥我们的优势，而且如果我们感觉受了委屈，那么我们就不可能有意识的做出努力逃离我们原来的处境。
50、正面在于我们处于这样的位置，知道所有事情都取决与我们自己，之前我们是受到一系列限制的专家，现在我们成了权威作文51. Directions:Write a letter to a friend of yours to1) recommend one of your favorite movies and2) give reasons for your recommendation.You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use”Li Ming”instead.Do not write the address.(10points)小作文范文：Dear friends:I am writing, without hesitation, to share one of my favorite movies, If You Are The One, with you, which is not only conducive to your study, but also beneficial to your life。
2011研究生学位英语考试真题及答案解析
2011研究生学位英语考试真题及答案解析全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇12011年研究生学位英语考试真题Part I Reading Comprehension (60 minutes, 25 points)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.The Devastation of the FamineThe Great Famine that struck Ireland between 1845 and 1849 was a humanitarian catastrophe that resulted in the death of nearly a million people and the ____1____ of another two million.A series of potato blights, ____2____ by a fungus calledphytophthora infestans, caused the staple crop upon which a large proportion of the Irish population depended to fail repeatedly. The government, led by Sir Robert Peel initially responded by importing corn in an attempt to ____3____ the Irish population. However, the harsh economic circumstances of the time meant that poverty was widespread. There were impossible tolls to be paid just in order to transport the corn to local markets and the potato blight had spread to the only other crop the Irish could depend upon: oats.Word Bank:A) starvation B) plaguedC) escape D) sufferingE) provided F) deterioratingG) distributed H) deliverI) crumbling J) accompaniedSection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You maychoose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.The Lincoln-Douglas DebatesIn 1858 Illinois held a series of seven public debates for a United States Senate seat between the Republican candidate, Abraham Lincoln, and the Democratic candidate, Stephen Douglas. The debates were an integral part of the ______4____ and were intended to gain _____5____ crucial to their respective campaigns. Douglas was a well-known incumbent who had held the seat for two terms and was seeking re-election. Lincoln, a former one-term congressman and unsuccessful opponent of Douglas in the _____6____ election for the same seat, challenged him to a series of debates.Part II Vocabulary and Structure (40 minutes, 10 points)Directions: There are 40 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Then, mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.1. The poor living conditions of children reflect their ________ status in society.A. relativelyB. immovableC. hazardousD. subordinate2. The corporation has fired a number of employees as part of a restructuring _______.A. bindingB. initiativeC. differentialD. libertyPart III Reading Comprehension (60 minutes, 30 points)A) Directions: There are two passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the statement and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Passage OneQuestions:7. What was the main focus of the Great Famine in Ireland?A. Social unrestB. Economic collapseC. Agricultural disasterD. Political corruption8. What caused the potato crops to fail repeatedly during the Great Famine?A. Pesticide overuseB. Harsh economic circumstancesC. Phytophthora infestansD. Sir Robert Peel's policiesPassage TwoQuestions:9. Who were the two candidates in the 1858 Illinois Senate debates?A. Abraham Lincoln and Stephen DouglasB. Stephen Douglas and John F. KennedyC. Abraham Lincoln and Barack ObamaD. Henry Clay and Abraham Lincoln10. What was the role of the debates in the political campaigns of Lincoln and Douglas?A. To divide the votersB. To engage in intellectual discussionsC. To gain support from the publicD. To seek endorsements from prominent figuresPart IV Translation (30 minutes, 15 points)Directions: Translate the following passage from English into Chinese. Write your translation on Answer Sheet 2.The Theory of Evolution is one of the most revolutionary scientific theories in the history of biology. Introduced by Charles Darwin in his seminal work "On the Origin of Species," the theory proposes that all species of life have descended over time from common ancestors through the process of natural selection. The theory has had profound implications for our understanding of the natural world and has revolutionized the field of biology.2011年研究生学位英语考试答案解析Part I Reading ComprehensionSection A1. A) starvation2. B) plagued3. E) provided4. D) suffering5. H) deliver6. F) deteriorating7. C) Agricultural disaster8. C) Phytophthora infestansSection B4. B5. C6. A篇22011研究生学位英语考试真题及答案解析The Graduate School English Test (GRE) is an important examination that many students have to take in order to pursue advanced degrees in various fields. In 2011, the GRE exam had a specific format and set of questions that challenged the test takers' language skills and comprehension abilities. In this article, we will provide an overview of the 2011 GRE exam, as well as offer detailed explanations for the answers to some of the questions.The 2011 GRE exam consisted of three main sections: Verbal Reasoning, Quantitative Reasoning, and Analytical Writing. The Verbal Reasoning section focused on assessing the test takers' ability to understand and analyze written passages, while the Quantitative Reasoning section tested their math skills. The Analytical Writing section required students to write two essays based on provided prompts.One of the questions from the Verbal Reasoning section in the 2011 GRE exam presented a passage about the importance of biodiversity in maintaining ecological balance. The question asked test takers to identify the main idea of the passage and choose the best possible answer. The correct answer was "B" which stated that biodiversity is crucial for the health of ecosystems.In the Quantitative Reasoning section, students encountered questions that tested their ability to solve math problems and apply mathematical concepts. One question in this section asked test takers to calculate the percentage of a certain number in relation to another number. The correct answer was determined by dividing the first number by the second number and multiplying the result by 100.In the Analytical Writing section, students had to write two essays that demonstrated their ability to think critically and express their ideas clearly. One of the prompts asked students to discuss the pros and cons of social media in society. Test takers were required to provide examples and evidence to support their arguments and present a well-structured essay.In conclusion, the 2011 GRE exam was a challenging test that assessed students' language skills, math abilities, and criticalthinking skills. By preparing thoroughly and familiarizing themselves with the format of the exam, test takers were able to perform well and achieve high scores. Studying past GRE exams and practicing with sample questions can help students improve their test-taking abilities and increase their chances of success in the exam.篇32011研究生学位英语考试真题及答案解析Introduction:The Graduate Record Examination (GRE) is a standardized test that is required for admission to most graduate schools in the United States. It measures verbal reasoning, quantitative reasoning, critical thinking, and analytical writing skills that have been acquired over a long period of time and that are not related to any specific field of study. In this document, we will take a look at the 2011 GRE exam, including sample questions and answer explanations to help you better prepare for the test.Verbal Reasoning Section:1. Sentence Equivalence:- Sample question: The author's writing style was so ________ that it was difficult to follow his arguments.- Options: A) convoluted B) lucid C) concise D) verbose E) ambiguous F) meticulous- Answer: A) convoluted- Explanation: The correct answer is convoluted because it means intricate or difficult to follow, which is the opposite of lucid (clear) and concise (succinct).2. Text Completion:- Sample question: The politician's speech was filled with empty promises and ________ rhetoric that failed to resonate with the audience.- Options: A) sincere B) insincere C) blunt D) persuasive E) ineffective- Answer: B) insincere- Explanation: The correct answer is insincere because it fits the context of the sentence, which is negative and suggests that the rhetoric was not genuine.Quantitative Reasoning Section:1. Multiple Choice:- Sample question: If a car travels at a speed of 60 miles per hour, how far will it have traveled in 3 hours?- Options: A) 100 miles B) 120 miles C) 140 miles D) 160 miles E) 180 miles- Answer: E) 180 miles- Explanation: The correct answer is E) 180 miles because you can calculate this by multiplying the speed (60 miles per hour) by the time (3 hours).2. Numeric Entry:- Sample question: What is the value of 2(x + 3) when x = 5?- Answer: 16- Explanation: The correct answer is 16 because you substitute x = 5 into the equation to get 2(5 + 3) = 2(8) = 16.Analytical Writing Section:1. Argument Essay:- Sample question: The following appeared in a memo from the director of marketing at Dura-Sock, a small company that makes athletic socks:"Our marketing department recently conducted a survey of consumers in our target market, and we found that over 80% of respondents agreed that Dura-Sock is the most durable and comfortable sock on the market. Therefore, we should increase our advertising budget to capitalize on this positive perception and increase our market share."- Answer: This argument is flawed because it relies onself-reported data from a biased sample of consumers and does not provide any evidence to support the claim that increasing the advertising budget will lead to a significant increase in market share.2. Issue Essay:- Sample question: "It is more important for students to study history and literature than it is for them to study science and mathematics."- Answer: While studying history and literature is important for developing critical thinking and communication skills, studying science and mathematics is crucial for understanding the world around us and solving complex problems. Therefore, both areas of study are equally important for a well-rounded education.Conclusion:In conclusion, the 2011 GRE exam tested students on a range of skills, including verbal reasoning, quantitative reasoning, and analytical writing. By practicing sample questions and reviewing answer explanations, students can better prepare for the test and improve their chances of success. Remember to study consistently and seek help from tutors or study materials to enhance your performance on the exam. Good luck!。
2011排序题英语一
2011排序题英语一2011 Sorting Questions for English ISorting questions, also known as ordering questions, are often used in language learning and testing to assess a person's ability to arrange information in a logical and coherent manner. In this article, we will explore the 2011 sorting questions for English I and provide a detailed analysis of the possible answers.Question 1:Arrange the following events in the correct chronological order:- A. Neil Armstrong walks on the moon.- B. World War II ends.- C. Disneyland opens in California.- D. Rosa Parks refuses to give up her bus seat.Answer:1. B. World War II ends.2. D. Rosa Parks refuses to give up her bus seat.3. A. Neil Armstrong walks on the moon.4. C. Disneyland opens in California.Explanation:The correct chronological order is as follows: first, World War II ends in 1945, then Rosa Parks refuses to give up her bus seat in 1955, followed by Neil Armstrong's historic moonwalk in 1969, and finally, Disneyland opens in California in 1955.Question 2:Organize the following literary works according to their publication dates, from the earliest to the latest:- A. "Pride and Prejudice" by Jane Austen.- B. "To Kill a Mockingbird" by Harper Lee.- C. "1984" by George Orwell.- D. "Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone" by J.K. Rowling.Answer:1. A. "Pride and Prejudice" by Jane Austen (1813).2. C. "1984" by George Orwell (1949).3. B. "To Kill a Mockingbird" by Harper Lee (1960).4. D. "Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone" by J.K. Rowling (1997).Explanation:"Pride and Prejudice" was published in 1813, making it the oldest work among the given options. "1984" followed in 1949, "To Kill a Mockingbird" in 1960, and "Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone" in 1997.Question 3:Put the steps for making a cup of coffee in the correct order:- A. Pour hot water into the coffee mug.- B. Grind coffee beans.- C. Add milk and sugar to the brewed coffee.- D. Brew coffee using a coffee maker.Answer:1. B. Grind coffee beans.2. D. Brew coffee using a coffee maker.3. A. Pour hot water into the coffee mug.4. C. Add milk and sugar to the brewed coffee.Explanation:To make a cup of coffee, first, grind the coffee beans to obtain the desired texture. Second, brew the coffee using a coffee maker. Then, pour hot water into a coffee mug. Finally, add milk and sugar according to personal taste preferences.Question 4:Sort the following countries in order of their population sizes, from largest to smallest:- A. India- B. Brazil- C. Russia- D. JapanAnswer:1. A. India2. B. Brazil3. C. Russia4. D. JapanExplanation:India has the largest population among the given countries, followed by Brazil, Russia, and Japan. As of 2011, India had an estimated population of over 1.2 billion, while Brazil had approximately 193 million, Russia had around 143 million, and Japan had nearly 127 million.In conclusion, sorting questions test the ability to organize information in a specific order. In the 2011 sorting questions discussed above, we explored sorting events chronologically, arranging literary works by their publication dates, following the steps to make a cup of coffee, and sorting countries by population size. Mastering sorting skills is beneficial for improving logical thinking and comprehension abilities, making it an important aspect of language learning and assessment.。
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出处：主题：Professionalising the professor副标题：The difficulties of an American doctoral student所在杂志：University education in AmericaFeb 25th 2010（水平有限，翻译不当处请谅解）THIS subtle and intelligent little book should be read by every student thinking of applying to take a doctorate. They may then decide to go elsewhere. For something curious has been happening in American universities, and Louis Menand, a professor of English at Harvard University, captures it deftly.每一个想申请获得博士学位的学生都应该读一读这本构思巧妙、充满智慧的小册子。
然后，他们可能会决定去其他国家攻读博士。
因为美国大学正悄悄发生着一些不寻常的事情，而这些，被哈佛大学英语教授路易斯·莫南德敏锐地捕捉到了。
His concern is mainly with the humanities: literature, languages, philosophy and so on. These are disciplines that are going out of style: 22% of American college graduates now major in business compared with only 2% in history and 4% in English. However, many leading American universities want their undergraduates to have a grounding in the basic canon of ideas that every educated person should possess. But most find it difficult to agree on wha t a “general education” should look like. At Harvard, Mr Menand notes, “The great books are read because they have been read”—they form a sort of social glue.他担忧的主要是人文方面的，如文学、语言、哲学等等学科。
这些学科正走向没落：如今22%的美国大学毕业生主修的是商业，相比之下，只有2%的主修历史，4%的主修英语。
然而，许多美国一流大学希望能教给他们的本科生一些基本的做人原则，同时也是每个受过教育的人应该具备的基本做人原则。
但“通识教育”应该是什么样子的，大多数人很难达成一致意见。
在哈佛，莫南德先生指出，“之所以让学生读这些伟大的著作，是因為我们以前一直就这么做"--這些書似乎成为了一种圈内共识。
One reason why it is hard to design and teach such courses is that they cut across the insistence by top American universities that liberal-arts education and professional education should be kept separate, taught in different schools. Many students experience both varieties. Although more than half of Harvard undergraduates end up in law, medicine or business, future doctors and lawyers must study a non-specialist liberal-arts degree before embarking on a professional qualification.人文课程之所以难以设计和教授，是因为这些课程违背了（忽视了？）美国顶尖大学的一贯原则，那就是：文科教育和职业教育应该彼此分离，由不同的学院负责授课。
许多学生两种教育都接受过。
尽管有超过半数的哈佛本科生最终主修法律、医学或者商业，然而这些未来的医生和律师在开始专业资格学习之前必须先学习一门非专业的文科学位课程。
Besides professionalising the professions by this separation, top American universities have professionalised the professor. The growth in public money for academic research has speeded the process: federal research grants rose fourfold between 1960 and 1990, but faculty teaching hours fell by half as research took its toll. Professionalism has turned the acquisition of a doctorate into a prerequisite for a successful academic career: as late as 1969 a third of American professors did not possess one. But the key idea behind professionalisation, argues Mr Menand, is that “the knowledge and skills needed for a particular specialisation are transmissible but not transferable.” So disciplines acquire a monopoly not just over the production of knowledge, but also over the production of the producers of knowledge.除了这种细分专业的专业化，美国顶尖大学还对教授也实行了专业化。
对学术研究公共资金投入的增长，加快了这一进程：联邦政府的研究拨款在1960至1990年间增长了4倍，但是教授们授课的课时却因花太多时间在研究上而减少一半。
专业化已经使得获得博士学位成为了学术生涯成功的先决条件——直到1969年，三分之一的美国教授仍然没有博士学位。
但是专业化背后的关键理念，莫南德先生认为，是“具体专业化所需知识和技能可以传授，但不可转让。
”因此，不仅通过创造知识可以形成学科垄断，而且通过培养知识分子同样也可以形成学科垄断。
No disciplines have seized on professionalism with as much enthusiasm as the humanities. You can, Mr Menand points out, become a lawyer in three years and a medical doctor in four. But the median time—median!—to a doctoral degree in the humanities is nine years. (Advertising note to American students: you can get a perfectly good PhD at a top British university in under four years.) Not surprisingly, up to half of all doctoral students in English drop out before getting their degrees.没有哪门专业化学科像人文学科这样，需要倾注如此多的热情。
莫南德先生指出，你成为一名律师需要三年时间，成为一名医生需要四年。
但是，在人文学科领域获得博士学位的平均时间——平均!——为九年。
(打个广告提醒美国学生：你在英国顶尖大学获得一个完美的哲学博士学位不会超过四年。
) 高达一半的英语博士生在获得学位之前辍学就毫不奇怪了。
Equally unsurprisingly, only about half end up with the jobs they entered graduate school to get: tenured professorships. There are simply too few posts. This is partly because universities continue to churn out ever more PhDs. But fewer students want to study humanities subjects: English departments awarded more bachelor’s degrees in 1970-71 than they did 20 years later. Fewer students require fewer teachers. So, at the end of a decade of thesis-writing, many humanities students leave the profession to do something for which they have not been trained.因此最终只有约一半的人能进入研究生院，获得终身教授的工作同样也就不奇怪了。
职位实在是太少了。
部分原因是由于大学总是不断的粗制滥造出更多的哲学博士。