船舶常识

TRANSVERSE SECTIONNS
PORT STERN BOW
STBD
二.船舶主要标志 Two . Shipping main mark





在船体外表面有各种标志，主要有： There are all kinds of sign outside the hull surface, mainly include: 吃水标志 Draft marks 船舶的吃水标志（DRAFT MARK)叫水尺。它绘在船首.尾及船中两侧船 壳上，俗称六面水尺。 The ship's DRAFT marks (DRAFT MARK) called DRAFT. It draw at the end of the bow. And on both sides of the ship hull, commonly known as the six sides draft. 水尺采用米制，用阿拉伯数字标绘；采用英制水尺时，采用阿拉伯数字 或罗马数字。字高.字间距.水尺读法如下图。 Draft survey USES the metric system, use Arabic numerals plot; Using English draft, will use the Arabic numerals or Roman numerals. Word. Word spacing. Draft law the diagram below.






船舶主尺度比是表示船体几何形状特征的重要参数，其大小与船舶的航 海性能有密切关系。常用的有如下： Ship principal dimensions than is one of the important parameters of said hull geometry features, its size and ship navigation performance there is a close relationship. Commonly used are as follows: 1）长宽比L/B—与快速性和航向稳定性有关 The aspect ratio L/B, is associated with rapidity and stability of 2）宽度吃水比B/d---与稳性，横摇周期，耐波性，快速性有关 The width of the draft ratio B/d - and stability, rolling period, seakeeping and quickness 3）型深吃水比D/d---与稳性，抗沉性有关 Type deep-draft ratio D/D - and stability, resistance to sink 4）船长型深比L/D---与船体强度有关 The captain type depth ratio L/D - related to the intensity of the hull 5）船长吃水比L/d---与船舶操纵性有关 The captain of the draft ratio L/d - linked to the ship's maneuverability
第二节 船舶尺度与吨位 Scale and the tonnage of the ship

主要是指表示船体外形大小的尺度，即船的长.宽.深和吃水等。它 是根据各种规范和船舶在营运中使用上的要求定义的。按照不同的 用图，主要可分为三种：船型尺度.登记尺度和船舶最大尺度。
Said is mainly refers to the scale of the hull shape size, namely, the length of the ship. Wide. Deep and draft, etc. It is based on a variety of specifications and requirements defined on the vessels used in the operating. According to the different graph, the main can be divided into three types: ship dimensions. Registration scale and largest scale of the ship.

4）最大高度 maximum height


是从船舶的平板龙骨下缘至船舶最高桅顶间的垂直距离。包 括固定的桅.烟囱等在内的任何构件最高点的距离。净空高 度等于最大高度减去吃水。 From the edge of flat keel of the ship to ship maximum vertical distance between the mast head. Including fixed mast chimney, any member of the highest point. Headroom is equal to the maximum height less draught. 三.船舶主尺度比 Dimension ratio 船舶主尺度比是表示船体几何形状特征的重要参数，其大小 与船舶的航海性能有密切关系。常用的有如下： Ship principal dimensions than is one of the important parameters of said hull geometry features, its size and ship navigation performance there is a close relationship. Commonly used are as follows:
2）型宽：molded breadth 3）型深： molded depth 4）型吃水： molded draught
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
2.登记尺度：这种尺度主要是用于登记船舶.丈量与 计算船舶吨位的，故称登记尺度。Registration scale: the scale is mainly used for registration of ships. Measurement and calculation of ship's tonnage, therefore calls the registration scale. 1)登记长度 Register length 2)登记宽度 Register breadth 3)登记深度 Register depth


3.其它标志：
Other signs:


1）船名和船藉港标志；
Name of vessel and Port;

2）烟囱标志；Funnel mark ; 3）球鼻首和侧推器标志；
Bulbous bow and thruster marks;
4）分舱标志及顶推位置标志；
Subdivision marks and pusher position;

3.船体最大尺度 Hull's largest scale
1）总长：包括两端上层建筑在内的船体型表面最前端与最 后端之间的水平距离。 General: including superstructure on both ends of the surface of the hull horizontal distance between the front and the end. 2）最大船长：船舶最前端与最后端之间包括外表和两端永 久固定突出物在内的水平距离。 Ship length: between the front and the end, including appearance and permanently fixed protrusion on both ends of the horizontal distance. 3）最大船宽：包括外板和永久固定突出物在内的垂直于中 线面的最大水平距离。 The ship: wide, including plating and permanently fixed protrusion on the surface of the perpendicular to the center line of maximum horizontal distance.
第三节
船舶种类与特点
Section III Types and characteristics of the ship
第一节 船舶的基本组成与主要标志 Section I The basic composition and main sign of the ship

一、船舶各部位名称 One . Name of each part of the ship
第一章 船舶常识
Chapter One The Ship Common Sense
第一节 第二节
船舶的基本组成与主要标志 船舶尺度与吨位
Section I The basic composition and main sign of the ship Section II Scale and the tonnage of the ship

两种制式的吃水标志对比图。 Draft marks contrast figure of both formats.
2.载重线标志
The load line mark


船舶载重线标志是指为标明船舶载重线位置，用以检 查装载状态使之不小于已核定的最小干舷，而按载重 线公约或规范所规定的式样勘绘于船中两舷的标志。 Load line marks is to point to indicate the load line position, in order to check the loading state of no less than the minimum freeboard of has been approved, and according to the provisions in the norms of the load line convention or style can be painted on both sides in the ship. 现根据规范，就各类国际航行船舶的载重线标志说明 如下：Now, according to the specification for the variety of international ships load line marks that are as follows:

1.船型尺度 Ship size


设计造船时所用的吃度，是用来计算性能、阻力、吃水差和干舷，主要 的船舶图纸上使用和标注的尺度，也称为理论尺度和计算尺度。Design when shipbuilding used eating degrees, is used to calculate the performance, resistance, trim and freeboard, mainly on the ship's drawings of use and the scale of the annotation, also known as the theory of scale and calculation scale. 1）型长：在夏季载重水线上，由船首柱前缘量至舵柱后缘的长度；对无 舵柱的船舶，由首柱前缘量至舵杆中心线的长度，即船首尾垂线间的长 度，但均不得小于设计夏季载重水线总长度的96％，且不大于97％。 Type: long load line, in the summer by the amount of stem front to rear steering column length; By ship without rudder post, stem length of the amount of leading edge to the center line of the rudder, namely the length of the ship between fore and aft vertical, but may not be less than the design summer load line, 96% of the total length and not greater than 97%.