成人学士学位英语考试指南--完形填空答案

练习一For many people today, reading is very important. In applying for a job, the ability to read and comprehend quickly can mean the difference between success and failure. Yet the unfortunate fact is that most of usare poor readers. Most of us develop poor reading habits at an early age, and neve g r et over them. The main deficiency lies in the actual stuff of language itself-words. Taken individually, words have little meaning until they are strung together into phrases, sentences and paragraphs. Unfortunately, however, the untrained reader does not read groups of words. He laboriously reads one word at a time, often regressing to reread words or passages. Regression, the tendency to look back over what you have just read, is a common bad habit in reading. Another habit which slows down the speedof reading is vocalization-sounding each word either orally or mentally as one reads.To overcome these bad habits, some reading clinics use a device called an accelerator, which moves a bar ( or curtain ) down the page at a predetermined speed. The bar is set at a slightly fasterrate than the reader finds comfortable. The accelerator forces the reader to read fast, making word-by-word reading, regression and vocalization, practically impossible . At first comprehension is sacrificed for speed. But when you learn to read ideas and concepts , you will not only read faster, but your comprehension will improve. Many people have found their reading skill drastically improved after some training.练习二The past 20 years have been enormous changes in the lives a s n tr d ucture of families in Britain.The biggest change has been coused by divorce . As many as 1 out of 3 marriages now end in it, leading to a situation where many children live with one parent.There has also been a huge ris i e n the number of women with children who work. The large rise in divorces has meant many women need to work to support themselves and their children. Even where there is no divorce, many families need both parents to work in order to survive . This has caused an increase in childcare facilities , though it is very expensive and can be difficult to find in many areas.In addition , women are no longer happy to stay at home raising children, and many have careers earning as much or even more than men, the traditional breadwinner.There has also been a sharp increase in the number of single mothers, particularly among teenagers. Some people have blamed this increas f e or the rise in crime. They feel the lack of a male role modelhas damaged these children in society.However , these changes have not had a totally negative effect. For women, it is now much easier to have a career and good salary.As for children themselves, some argue that modern children grow upmore independent and mature than in the past.Thanksgiving Day is the most turly American of the national Holidays in the United States. In 1620, Some settlers sailed to America on the May flower, seeking a place where they could have freedom of worship. After a two-mouth voyage they landed at in icy November.During their first winter, over half of the settlers died of starvation or epidemics. Those who survived began sowing in the first spring.All summer they waited for the harvests with great anxiety , knowing that their lives and the future existence of the colony depended on the coming harvest. Finally the fields produced a yield rich as expectations. And therefore it was decided that a day of thanksgiving to the Lord be fixed. Years later, President of the United States proclaimed the fourth Thursday of November as Thanksgiving Day every year. The celebration of Thanksgiving Day has been observed on that date until today.The pattern of the Thanksgiving celebration has never changed through the years. On the dinner table, people will find apples, oranges, chestnuts, grapes and othe sp r ecies of food. The roast turkey and pumpkin pie have been the most traditional and favorite food on Thanksgiving Day throughout the years.Thanksgiving Day is a national annual holiday on which Americans of all faiths and backgrounds join in to express their thanks for the year's bounty and ask for continued blessings.练习四The British government expects the total number of overseasstudents to be around 900,000 by 2020. Now, universities in Britain are a magnet for overseas students.But why is the UK such a popular destination for university students? Well, the quality of your course is guaranteed . All courses are assessed by an independent system, so you can be assured that your course is officially approved and has wide international recognition .The British education system is very flexible in order to provide for the needs of a modern, complex society. It is also cost-effective. Degree courses are usually 3 years long, which is shorter and more intensive than in other countries. There are lots of scholarships available . British universities offer a personalized and independent approach. The emphasis is on creative and independent thought, which helps develop the skills you will need to compete in the global job market.It is very simple to become am international student in the UK. The British Council offers a free and impartial service to anyone who is interested in studying in the UK, and an organization called UCAS assists you in finding a course and making an effective application .练习五There are three kinds of goals: short-term, medium-range and long-term goals. Short-range goals are those that usually deal with current activities, which we can apply on a daily basis. Such goals can be achieved in a week or less, or two weeks, or possibly months. It should be remembered that just as a building is no stronger than its foundation, our long-term goals cannot amount to very much without the achievement of solid short-term goals. Upon completing our short-term goals, we should date the occasion and then add new short-range goals that will build on those that have been completed.The intermediate goals build on the foundation of the short-range goals. They might deal with just one term of school or the entire school years, or they could even extend for several yaers. Any time you move a step at a time, you should never allow yourself to become discourage or overwhelmed . As you complete each step, you will enforce the belief in your ability to grow and succeed. And as your list of completion dates grow, your motivation and desire will increase.Long-range goals may be related to our dreams of the future. They might cover five years or more. Life is not a static thing. We should never allow a long-term goal to limit us or our course of action .练习六A growing world population and the discoveries of science may alter this pattern of distribution inthe future. As men slowly learn to master diseases, control floods, prevent famines, and stop war f s e,wer people die every year; and in consequence the population of the world is steadily increasing.When numbers rise the extra mouths must be fed . New lands must be brought under cultivation , or land already farmed made to yield larger crops. In some areas the accessible land is largely so intensively cultivated that it will be difficult to make it provide more food. In some areas the population is so dense that the land is parceceled out in units too tiny to allow for much improvement in farming methods. Were a larger part of this farming population drown off into industrial occupations, the land might be farmed much more productively by modern methods.There is now a race for science, technology, and industry to keep the output of food rising quicker than the number of people to be fed. New strains of crops are being developed which will thrive in unfavorable climates: there are now farms beyond the Arctic Circle in Siberia and North America; dams hold back the waters of great rivers to ensure water fot the fields in all seasons;industrial chemistry provides fertilizers to suit particular soils. Every year some new means is devised to increase or to protect the food of the world.练习七Online Shopping is becoming more and more popular for a number of reasons;prices are often loweronline, you don't have to queue up in busy shops and you can buy almost any product imaginable with just a few clicks of your mouse.Computer trends are often dominated by males but this year women are expected to do more shopping on the Internet. It seems women are now more attracted to the convenience of online shopping than they used to be.Average spending online this Christmas by women will rise to £ 240 compared to the slightly lower average of £ 233 for me n, while the average spe nd per pers on on the high street is on £ 197.In the past a lot of people were reluctant to shop online. Many were worried about the security of entering their card details on the Internet and the reliability of the Internet but as shopping online has becomemore widespread , these worries have begun to disappear .One victim of the online shopping boom is the UK high street. Many companies are concerned that not enough shoppers are coming through their doors in the run-up to Christmas. As a result there are lots of special offers in the shops. Most shops traditionally have sales after Christmas but this year the promotions have come early in an attempt to lure consumers to spend.练习八Friends play an important part in our lives, but we often don't clearly understand how we make friends. While we get on well with a number of people, we are usually friends with only a very few. In all the cases of friendly relationships, two people like one another and enjoy being together, but beyond that, the degree of intimacy between them and the reasons for their shared interests vary enormously . As we get to know people we take into account things like age, race, economic condition, social position, and intelligence . Although these factors are not of prime importance, it is more difficult to get on with people when there is a marked difference in age and background.It is usual for close friends to have similar ideas and beliefs, to have attitudes and interests in common. And the more intimately involved people become, the more they rely on one another. People want to do friends favors and hate to break a promise . Friends have to learn to put up with annoying habits and to tolerate differences of opinion.In contrast with marriages, there are no friendship ceremonies to strengthen the association between two people. But the supporting and understanding of each other that results from shared experiences and emotions does seem to create a powerful bond, which can overcome differences in background, and break down barriers of age, class or race.In primitive societies sick people had to rely on medicine men and witch doctors. It was believedthat a person was sick because he had been attacked by evil spirits. The witch docto'rs job was to drive off these spirits.His method involved a combination of three methods, the first of which was religious. He chanted magic words and used good luck charms which he thought had power over the evil spirits that supposedly had entered the patien'ts body. Secondly , he deliberately fed the patient mixtures, which were often dirty and disgusting , to make the evil spirits so uncomfortable that they would gladly run away and so enable the patient to get well.The third method was to give the patient medicines prepared from certain plants and herbs similar in shape or texture to the to the various organs of the body. From our point of view, this was the only method that had any value. Morden scientific study has shown that some of these remedies had real usefulness in curing sickness, or at least in relieving pain, but not for the reasons advanced by the witch doctor.练习十Many traffic accidents flow essentially from uncivil behavior of drivers who refuse to respect the legal and moral rights of others. Carelessnessin no excuse when one's actions could bring death or damage to others. A minority of the killers go even beyond carelessness to total negligence.Researchers have estimated that most automobile accidents can b a e ttributed to the psychological condition of the driver. Emotional upsets can distort drivers'reactions, slow their judgment, and blind them to dangers. The experts warn that every driver should make a continuous effort to keep one's emotions under control.Yet the irrensponsibility that accounts for much of the problems is not confined to drivers. Street walkers regularly violate traffic regulations, many cyclists even believe that they are not subject to the basic rules of the road.Significant legal advances have been made towards safer driving in the past few years. Safety standards for vehicles have been raised both at the point of manufacture and through periodic road-worthiness inspection . In addition , speed limits have been lowered . Due to these measures, the accident rate has decreased.But the accident experts consider that the only real resolution is to convice people that driving is a skilled task requiring constant care and concentration . Those who fail to do all these things pose a threat to those with whom they share the road.How important is your appearance ? Although everyone wants to be good-looking, are beautiflu people always happier than the ordinary people? For example, it must be a problem to be a reallybeautiful woman, becausesome men may be more interested in looking at you than talking to you. They think of you as a picture rather than a person. There are also some people who think that women who are exceptionally pretty and men who are particularly handsome must be stupid. They think so probably because those beautiful women and handsome men pay too much attention to their appearance, and they spend little time learning something. They believe that only unattractive people can be intelligent. The intelligence can make up for the unattractive appearance in a sense.On the other hand, no one wants to be really ugly, and have a face that even your mother doesn't want to look at, and no one wants to be plain either: that is to be neither attractive nor unattractive, and have a face that is easily forgotten.Being atttactive is like being rich: it can help you find happiness, but it doesn 't always make you happy. So maybe the best thing is not to worry too much about how you look, but simply try to be an interesting person. For interesting people have interesting faces, and interesting faces are almo a s l t ways attractive.练习十二What is the basis of truly happy marriage? Romance? Communication? True love? It certainly isn't money , right?Most people would agree that money isn't what makes a good marriage but, according to marriage counselors, it is certainly a big factor in making a bad one.The British Relationship Counseling Sevice found, that money was the number one cause of arguments amongst couples in the UK. US counselors agree that money is one of the major factors in many divorces. And it isn't just lack of money that causes problems.Believe it or not, your attitude to money is more important than how much you have. It may not be romantic, but with 50% of marriage ending in divorce, often due to financial difficulties, isn 't it time that we stopped whispering sweet nothings and started some straight talk abou m t oney ?Money is, for many people, the last great taboo subject.“We never talk about money before we got married,”Jane, a teacher who has been married for five years, told us.These attitudes are'nt unusual , people in love rarely talk about money.The myth of romantic love tells us we will meet someone, get married and live happily ever after. There's nothing in the fairy stories to tell us how to discuss our finances. But your partner 's attitude to money is probably one of the most important things you need to know about him or her.练习十三If a woman decides to take a job outside the home, there are many important questions which are raised . Can she get any job she is capabl o e f and qualified for? If she gets a job and some of her fellow workers are men doing the same work, will she be paid as much as they are ? This issue is considered important in the United States. The government has passed some laws to try to help women get any job for which they are qualified, and to help them get the same pay as a man for doing the same work. This is called the Affirmative Action Law. It says that if a company is not inferiority to women and other minority groups, the government will not do business with that company. This encourages business to provide equal opportunity for women.Many people agree with the ideas and goals of women's liberation. They feel that women ought to be comsidered equal to men in every way. They feel a woman should be able to do anything that she wants to do and can do. Other people object to women's liberation. They feel that women belong at home, taking care of men and children. Many husbands do not want their wives to work outside the home. Some women agree with these men. People who believe in wome'ns liberation believe that work in the home is important and should be respected. But they want to make sure that a woman works at home because she wants to,an n d ot because she can't get a job outside the home.练习十四If there is one thing I 'm absolutely confident about , it is that in a hundred years from now we will still be reading newspapers. Not that newspapers are a necessary. Even now some people get most of their news from television or have the radio switched on in the background or in the car. Many buy a paper only on Saturday or Sunday.But for most people a newspaper has become a habi p t assed down from generation to generation.The basic British character won't change, and one of the characteristics of the British is they don't much like talking to each other when they get up. So what better way is there to keep yourself to yourself in the morning than to wrap yourself in a newspaper ?Over the past couple of centuries, human beings have developed an intimate relationship with the newspaper. It has become as natural as breathing, and it is no ju t st the British who love newspapers. Onsuburban trains in Calcutta, for instance, just one person in the whole compartment will buy a newspaper and read aloud the best bits to his fellow passengers, much to everybody's enjoyment . The nature of what is news may change. What essentially makes news is what affects our lives. I think there will be more coverage of scientific research, though . It's already happening in areas that may directly affect our lives, like genetic engineering. In the future, I think there will be more coverage of scientific explanations of why we feel as we do whether it 's love or depression as we develop a better understanding of how the brain operates and what our emotions really are.练习十五During the hours when you labour through your work you may say that you're not tired. That's true. The time of day when you feel most energetic is when your cycle of body temperature is at its peak . For some people the peak comes during the forenoon. For others it comes in the afternoon or evening. We may hear, “Get up, John! You'll be late for work again! ”The possible explanation to the trouble is that John has his temperature-and-energy peak in th evening . Much family quarrelling ends when husbands and wives realize what these energy cycles mean.You can 't change your energy cycle, but you can learn to make your life better. Habit can help, Dr. Keleitman believes. Maybe you're sleepy in the evening but feel you must stay up late anyway. Counteract your cycle to some extent by habitually staying up later than you want to. If your energy is low in the morning but you have an important job to do early in the day,rise before your usual hour. This won't change your cycle, but you'll work better at your low point.Get off to a slow start which saves your energy. Get with a leisurely yawl and stretch. Sit on the edge of the bed a minute before putting your feet on the floor. Avoid the trouble such as searching for clean clothes by laying them out the night before. Whenever possible, do routine work in the afternoon and save tasks requiring more energy or concentratio f n or your sharper hours.练习十六There are two factors which determine an individual's intelligence. The first is the sort of brain he is born with . Human brain differs considerably , some being more capable than others. But no matter how good a brain he has to begin with, an individual will have a low order of intelligence unless he has opportunities to learn. So the second factor is what happens to the individual, the sort of environment in which he is reared. If an individual is handicapped environmentally, it is likely that his brain will fail to develop and he will never attain the level of intelligence of which he is capable.The importance of environment in determining an individual 's intelligence can be demonstrated by the case history of the identical twins, Peter and Mark. Being identical, the twins had identical brain at birth , and their growth process was the same . When the twins were three months old, their parents died, and they were placed in separate foster home. Peter was reared by parents lo f w intelligence in an isolated community with poor educational opportunities. Mark was reared in the home of well-to-do parents who has been to college. He was read to as a child, sent to good schools, and given every opportunity to be stimulated intellectually . When they were given tests to measure their intelligence, Mark 's IQ was 125, twenty-five points higher than the average and fully forty points higher than his identical brother. Given equal opportunities, the twins, having identical brains, would have tested at roughly the same level.练习十七Unavoidably, Global climate is to change. “No matter how well the world controls emissions of greenhouse gases, global climate change i i s nevitable ”, warn two new studies which take into accountthe oceans'slow warming.Even if greenhousegases never rise beyond their present level, temperatures and sea levels will continue rising for another century or more because of a time lag in the oceans'response to atmospheric temperatures, say researchers.This time lag means policymakers cannot afford to wait to tackle climate change until its consequences become painful, because by then they will already be committed to further change, they urge. “The feeling is that if things are getting bad, you hit the stop button. But even if you do , the climate continues to change”, says Gerald Meehl, a climatologist.But even an optimistic scenario predicts that global temperatures would continue to rise by between0.4 °C and 0.6°C over the n ext cen tury. That in crease is comparabie to the in crease in duri ng the 20th century.And because water expands as i w t arms , this time iag in temperature wiii continue to push sea ievei higher . Meehi's modeis predict that thermai expansion aione wouid make sea ieveis rise by about 11 centimeters over the next century, even if greenhouse gases were he a i t d 2,000 ieveis. The reai rise wouid aimost certainiy be more, he says, because his modeis do not inciude the effect of meiting of giaciers and icecaps, which wiii be more rapid in a warmer worid.练习十八Friendship is an in-depth, reiaxed reiationship combining trust, support, communication, ioyaity , andintimacy. These are certainiy aspects of iife that aii of us desire.Being abie to trust and reiax with your friend is a big part of friendship. You go out into the worid anddo your best. You have your ups and downs , your probiems and triumphs. You charm and you perform. Then you come “home”to a friend. You can reiax, put up your feet, you are reiieved . If you stiii have to be charming and/or performing, it 's not a reiief. Friendship is a comfortabie situation iike home . You get home, kick off your shoes, reiax and sigh,“Ah, home.”But no one can form a friendship untii he/she reaiizes that one basis of being friends is meeting the needs of the other person. One must be a friend to have one.Be understanding when your friend has a iast minute change in pians. Learn to accept “I'm sorry to cancei, but we wiii have another time together Sunday”. Fiexibiiity is aiways important formaintaining friendship.When paths begin to separate (you are married, he is'nt, or you have a baby, she is still childless) in the road of life , that is the most important time of all to stay in touch with friends.When there is conflict, it must be resolved for friendship to continue. Comfrontation is one way to resolve conflict . Talking it out is another. A cooling-off period is sometimes necessary when conflict has occurred .In fact, probably the quickest way to end a friendship is to neglect it and cut off contact. It is hard to make time in a busy day and busy life for our friends. But you don 't have to spare hours to maintain friendship.练习十九As a company executive who spent ten years in federal service, I am often asked what I regard as the biggest difference between working for the government and working for a private company. My invariable response is to say that I look back on my time in government as one of the most exciting and challenging experiences of my life. Furthermore, I never worked as hard as when I was a public servant.When I worked for the government , I worked with some of the finest, most competent and most committed people I have ever met. I was impressed by the overall quality of our career civil servants then, and I still am now. But one of my greatest concerns now is that I will not be able to hold this same high opinion in the future.Career public servants are leaving government in alarming numbers, and qualified replacements are becoming harder and harder to find. Good people who leave career government service are striving forhighly paid positions in private enterprises.We depend on government to keep this country safe in an uncertain world, to secure justice and domestic order and to solve a host of pressing problems. We need the best possible people performing and overseeing these vital tasks. A high-quality, professional federal service has been asource of national pride for more than a century. But what we have built up during a hundred years can be lost in less time than we imagine. We can't afford to let this happen. We must act now if this country is to be assured of the quality public service it deserves.练习二十Some people believe that international sports create goodwill between the nations and that if countries play games together they will learn to live together. Others say that the opposite is true: that international competitions encourage false national pride and lead to misunderstanding and hatred .There is probably some truth in both arguments, but in recent years the Olympic Games have don l e ittle to support the view that sports encourage international brotherhood. Not only was there the tragic incident involving the murder of athletes, but the Games were also ruined by lesser incidents caused mainly by minor national competitions.The American basketball team announced that they would not give up the first place to Russia,after a disputable end to their competition. The game had ended in disturbance. It was thought all in all that the United States had won, by a single point, but it was annouced that there were three seconds still to play . Russian player popped the ball into the basket. It was the first time the USA had lost an Olympic basketball match. An appeal jury announced that the result would stand . The American players then voted not to receive the silver medals.Incidents of this kind will continue so long as sports are played competitively rather than for the love of the game. In the present organization of the Olympics there is far too much that encourage aggressive patriotism.模拟题一Nothing has changed man's life as much during 20th century as the discoveries in science. In the field of medicine, cures for life-threatening diseaseshave added years to life expectancy . Modern drugs and advanced surgical techniques have also prolong life. In communication , the telephone has made it possible for us to talk to anyone. Advances in transportation allow businessmen to f a ly cross the ocean in the morning and return home the same evening.Science has begun to meet the challenges of the energy crisis by developing new sources of power.。