_4'-_pentyloxy_-[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl_boronic_acid_HNMR_25690_MedChemExpress
非药用类麻醉药品和精神药品管制品种增补目录
A-796,260
34
1-(4-四氢吡喃基甲基)-3-(2,2,3,3-四甲基环丙甲酰基)吲哚
(1-(Tetrahydropyran-4-ylmethyl)-1H-indol-3-yl)(2,2,3,3-tetramethylcyclopropyl)methanone
895155-57-4
1800098-36-5
FUB-PB-22
50
2-甲基-1-戊基-3-(1-萘甲酰基)吲哚
(2-Methyl-1-pentyl-1H-indol-3-yl)
319920-71-3
6-Cl-MDMA
24
1-(2,5-二甲氧基-4-氯苯基)-2-丙胺
1-(4-Chloro-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)propan-2-
amine
123431-31-2
DOC
25
1-(2-噻吩基)-N-甲基-2-丙胺
N-Methyl-1-(thiophen-2-yl)propan-2-amine
351-03-1
4-FMA
20
1-[5-(2,3-二氢苯并呋喃基)]-2-丙胺
1-(2,3-Dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl)propan-2-
amine
152624-03-8
5-APDB
21
1-(5-苯并呋喃基)-N-甲基-2-丙胺
N-Methyl-1-(benzofuran-5-yl)propan-2-
fluoropentyl)-1H-indazole-3-carboxamide
1715016-74-2
5F-AMB
30
N-(1-金刚烷基)-1-(5-氟戊基)吲唑-3-甲酰胺
多胺型聚苯乙烯树脂的合成及对Cu2+的吸附性能
CHEMICAL INDUSTRY AND ENGINEERING PROGRESS 2016年第35卷第10期·3258·化工进展多胺型聚苯乙烯树脂的合成及对Cu2+的吸附性能孟启，吕科翰，夏丰敏，倪梦燚（常州大学石油化工学院，江苏常州 213164）摘要：以聚苯乙烯树脂为起始原料，经氯乙酰化后与四乙烯五胺反应，合成了一种含四乙烯五胺功能基的多胺型聚苯乙烯树脂。
考察了溶剂、物料比、时间和温度等反应条件对树脂合成的影响，研究了树脂对Cu2+的吸附性能。
结果表明，合成反应在THF溶剂中室温即可顺利进行，所得树脂全交换容量为7.45mmol/g。
树脂对Cu2+的吸附可以用准二级动力学方程来描述，液膜扩散为吸附主要控制步骤，吸附符合Langmuir等温方程，为单分子层吸附，饱和吸附量为46.15 mg/mL。
对于Cu2+、Ni2+混合溶液，该树脂可以选择性吸附其中Cu2+。
关键词：四乙烯五胺；树脂；合成；吸附；铜离子中图分类号：O 632.6 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1000–6613（2016）10–3258–05DOI：10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2016.10.033Synthesis of polyamine-type polystyrene resin and its adsorption propertyfor Cu2+MENG Qi，LÜ Kehan，XIA Fengmin，NI Mengyi（Petrochemical Institute of Changzhou University，Changzhou 213164，Jiangsu，China）Abstract：A polyamine-type polystyrene resin with tetraethylenepentamine functional group was synthesized from polystyrene resin through chloroacetylation followed by the amination of tetraethylenepentamine. Effects of reaction solvent，mole ratio of raw materials，time and temperature were discussed. The adsorption property of the polyamine-type polystyrene resin for Cu2+ was also studied. The results show that the synthetic reactions can take place smoothly in THF at room temperature and the complete exchange capacity of the synthesized resin is 7.45 mmol/g. The adsorption processes of Cu2+ can be described by pseudo-second order kinetic equation. The main control step of resin adsorption for Cu2+ is governed by liquid film diffusion. The adsorption of Cu2+ belongs to the Langmuir adsorption model and was valid for single-layer adsorption. The saturated adsorption capacity of the synthesized resin toward Cu2+ is 46.15mg/mL. The Cu2+ can be removed selectively from the mixed solution of Cu2+ and Ni2+ by the synthesized resin adsorption.Key words：tetraethylenepentamine；resin；synthesis；adsorption；copper ion多胺结构对一些金属离子具有良好的螯合作用，通过多胺分子对聚合物的化学修饰可以制得多种具有特殊功能的新型材料[1-4]，其中以多乙烯多胺为功能基的多胺型树脂具有结构稳定、用途广泛的特点，在合成技术研究和应用领域拓展等方面引起了人们广泛的关注[5-7]。
有机化学专业英语
烷基Alkyl [ˈælkil]芳基aryl [ˈæril]甲基methyl [ˈmeθil]亚甲基methylene[ˈmeθili:n]乙基ethyl [ˈeθil,ˈeθəl]丙基propyl [ˈprəupil]异丙基isopropyl [ˌaisəuˈprəupil]丁基butyl [ˈbju:til]戊基pentyl [ˈpentil]己基hexyl [ˈheksil]庚基heptyl [ˈheptil]辛基octyl [ˈɔktəl]壬基nonyl [ˈnɔnil]奎基decyl ['desəl][di:'s i l]叔丁基tert-butyl异丁基iso-butyl环戊基cyclopentyl [ ♦♓●☜◆ ♦♋♓●☜◆]环己基cyclohexyl [♦♋♓●☜◆♒♏♦♓●]甲氧基methoxyl ['metɒksɪl]乙氧基ethoxyl [eˈθɔksil]丁氧基butoxyl酰基acyl[ˈæsil]甲酰基formyl [ˈfɔ:mil]乙酰基acetyl [ˈæsitil]乙烯基vinyl [ˈvaɪnəl]或ethenyl丁烯基butenyl [ˈbjutənil]己烯基hexenyl庚烯基heptenyl [ˈheptəˌnil]烯丙基allyl [ˈælil]乙炔基ethinyl [eˈθainil]或alkynyl硝基nitro [ˈnaitrəu]亚硝基nitroso [naiˈtrəusəu]氨基amino [əˈmi:nəʊ, ˈæməˌnəʊ]二氨基diamino亚氨基imino [ˈiminəu,iˈmi:nəu]重氮基diazo [daiˈæzəu]苯基phenyl [ˈfenəl,ˈfi:nəl,ˈfi:nil]苄基benzyl [ˈbenzil]或phenmethyl [ˌfinˈmeθil]苯乙基phenethyl [fenˈeθəl]乙氧苯基ethoxyphenyl 苯胺基anilino [ˈænili:n]羰基carbonyl [ˈkɑ:bənil]羧基carboxyl [kɑ:ˈbɔksil]联苯基biphenyl [baiˈfenl]甲酰基formyl [ˈfɔ:mil]苯酰，苯甲酰benzoyl ['benzəʊɪl]脒基guanyl [♈♦⏹il]羟基hydroxyl [haiˈdrɔksil]烷氧基alkoxy [ælˈkɔksi]或alkoxyl group芳基aryl group二芳基diaryl group [daiˈæril]吡啶基pyridyl[ˈpiridil]三苯甲基trityl['traɪtl]二苯甲基benzhydryl [benaɪd'raɪl]氨基甲酰基carbamoyl[kɑ:'bæməɪl]三甲基硅基trimethylsilyl炔丙基propargyl [prəʊ'pɑ:dʒɪl]丙酮基（乙酰甲基）acetonyl['æsɪtənɪl]正n，normal异iso邻位ortho- [ˈɔ:θəu]间位meta- ['mɛtə]对位para- [ˈpɑ:rə]伯Primary ['praimәri]仲Secondary ['sekәndәri]叔Tertiary ['tә:ʃәri] tert-季碳quaternary [kwəˈtə:nəri] carbon一，单mono-二di-，双bis ，bi（化学中只有碳酸氢根才用bi，如bicarbonate [baiˈkɑ:bənit]）三tri-，tris四tetra- 四quadric-五penta- 五quinque-六hexa-七hepta- 七septi八octa-九nona-十deca- ['dɛkə]十一undeca ，hendeca-十二dodeca-十三trideca-十四tetradeca十五pentadeca-十六hexadeca-十七heptadeca-顺式，cis-同，共syn反式trans有机化合物类名Aliphatic compound 脂肪族化合物[ ✌●♓♐✌♦♓]Hydrocarbon 碳氢化合物[ˌhaɪdrəˈkɑ:bən] Alkane 烷[ ✌●♏♓⏹]Wax 蜡[♦✌♦]Paraffin wax 石蜡arene芳烃[☜❒♓⏹]Alkene 烯[ ✌●♓⏹]Alkyne 炔[ˈælkain]Acetylide 炔化物[ ✌♦♓♦♓●♋♓♎]Active hydrogen compounds 活泼氢化合物acid [ˈæsid]Carbon acid 碳氢酸Super acid 超酸Diene 双烯[ˈdaii:n]Triene 三烯[ˈtraii:n]Allene 丙二烯[ˈæli:n]Propylene丙烯[ ☐❒☜◆☐♓●♓⏹] cumulene 累积多烯[ ◆❍◆●♓⏹] Enyne 烯炔[eˈni:n]Diyne 二炔Alkyl halide 卤代烷[ˈælkil ˈhælaid]Alcohol 醇[ ✌●☜♒●]Homoallylic alcohol 高烯丙醇Ether 醚[ˈi:θə]Ester 酯[ˈestə]Ketone 酮Aldehyde 醛[ˈældihaid]Epoxide 环氧化物[eˈpɔksaid]Sulfone 砜[ˈsʌlfəun]Sulfoxide 亚砜Sulfonic acid 磺酸Carboxylic acid 羧酸Cellosolve 溶纤剂Crown ether 冠醚Nitro compound 硝基化合物Amine 胺[ ✌❍♓⏹] Quaternaryammonium compound 季铵化合物[ ♦☜♦☜⏹☜❒♓] [☜❍☜◆⏹☜❍] Amine oxide 氧化胺Diazoalkane 重氮烷[daɪ,æzəʊ'ælkeɪn] Mercaptan 硫醇[❍☜✌☐♦✌⏹] Aldehyde hydrate 醛水合物Ketone hydrate 酮水合物Hemiacetal 半缩醛[ˌhemiˈæsitæl]Acetal 缩醛acetal [化]乙缩醛, 乙缩醛二乙醇[ˈæsitæl] Ketal 缩酮[ˈki:tæl]thiazole噻唑[ˈθaiəˌzəul]Dithiane 二噻烷[daiˈθaiən]Aminal 缩醛胺;动物imine 亚胺[ ♓❍♓⏹♓⏹ ♓❍♓⏹]Aldimine 醛亚胺Oxime 肟[ ♦♓❍]nitroso compound 亚硝基化合物aldoxime 醛肟，乙醛肟[ælˈdɔksi:m] Hydrazone 腙[ˈhaidrəˌzəun]Azine 嗪[ˈæzi:n]Semicarbazone 缩氯基脲Cyanohydrin 羟腈,氰醇[ˌsaiənəuˈhaidrin] Pinacol 频哪醇Enol 烯醇[ˈi:nɔl]Enol ether 烯醇醚Enol ester 烯醇酯[ˈi:nɔl][ˈestə]Enamine 烯胺[iˈnæmin]Ynamine 炔胺Mannich base 曼尼希碱orthoester 原酸酯Acyl halide 酰卤[ˈæsil]Acyl fluoride 酰氟[ ♐●◆☎✆☜❒♋♓♎] Acyl chloride 酰氯Acyl bromide 酰溴Acyl iodide 酰碘[ˈaiədaid]Carbobenzoxy chloride 苄氧甲酰氯Acyl tosylate 酰基对甲苯磺酸酐Ketene 乙烯酮[ˈki:ti:n]Peracid 过酸Perester 过酸酯Acyl peroxide 酰基过氧化物Nitrile 腈[ˈnaitrail]acetonitrile 乙腈[ˌæsitəuˈnaitril]或methyl cyanide [ˈsaɪəˌnaɪd]Nitrile oxide 氧化腈Isonitrile 异腈，异氰化物Amide 酰胺[ˈæmaid]Imide 二酰亚胺[ˈimaid]N-bromo compound N-溴化物Hydrazide 酰肼[ ♒♋♓♎❒☜♋♓♎] Azide 叠氮化物[ˈæzaid,ˈeizid]Acyl azide 酰基叠氮[ˈæsil][ˈæzaid,ˈeizid] Amidine 脒[ˈæmiˌdi:n]Keto ester 酮酸酯Acyl cyanide 酰腈[ˈæsil][ˈsaɪəˌnaɪd] Carbon suboxide 二氧化三碳Glycidic acid 环氧丙酸Carbammic acid 氨基甲酸Carbamate 氨基甲酸酯[ˈkɑ:bəmeit]Urea 脲，尿素[ ◆☜❒♓☜] Cyanamide 氨腈[saiˈænəmaid] Carbodiimide 碳二亚胺[,kɑ:bədai'imaid] Allophanate 脲基甲酸酯Thioester 硫代酸酯[ˌθaiəuˈestə]Thiol acid 硫羰酸[ˈθaiəu]Lactone 内酯[ˈlæktəun]Lactol 内半缩醛[ˈlæktəl]Macrolide 大环内酯[ˈmækrəlaid]Amino acid 氨基酸Zwitterion两性离子[ˈtsvitəraiən]Inner salt 内盐Betaine 甜菜碱[ˈbi:təi:n]Lactam 内酰胺[ˈlæktæm]Hydantoin 或glycolylurea 乙内酰脲[haiˈdæntəwin]Hydration水合，水合作用[haɪ'dreʃən] Peptide 肽[ˈpepˌtaɪd]Glycol 乙二醇[ ♈●♋♓●]Aldol 羟醛[ˈældəul]Acyloin 偶姻，酮醇[əˈsiləuin]acyloin condensation 酮醇缩合Carbohydrate 碳水化合物Aldose 醛糖[ˈældəus]Ketose 酮糖[ˈki:təus]Furanose 呋喃糖[ˈfjuərəˌnəus]Pyranose 吡喃糖[ˈpaiərənəus]Glycoside 糖苷[ˈɡlaikəˌsaid]Glucoside 葡[萄]糖苷Aglycon 苷元[əˈɡlaikɔn]Saccharide 糖类[ˈsækəraid] Oligosaccharide 寡糖[ˌɔliɡəuˈsækəraid] Polysaccharide 多糖[pɔliˈsækəraid]Alditol 糖醇[ˈælditɔl]Osazone 脎[ˈəusəˌzəun]Alicyclic compound 脂环化合物[æliˈsiklik] Cycloalkane 环烷Cycloalkene 环烯Spirane 螺烷[ˈspaiərein]Cage compound 笼型化合物Propellane 螺桨烷Rotazane 轮烷Catenane 索烃[ˈkætnein]Fused ring 稠环[fju:zd riŋ]化学专业英语词汇常用前后缀-acetal 醛缩醇acetal- 乙酰acid 酸-al 醛alcohol 醇-aldehyde 醛alkali- 碱allyl 丙烯基 'alkoxy- 烷氧基Methoxy甲氧基的-amide 酰胺 [ ✌❍♋♓♎]amino- 氨基的[əˈmi:nəʊ, ˈæməˌnəʊ]-amidine 脒[ˈæmiˌdi:n]-amine 胺-ane 烷anhydride 酐[ænˈhaidraid]anilino- 苯胺基[ˈænili:n]aquo- 含水aqueous水的，水成的[ˈeikwiəs] -ase 酶-ate 含氧酸的盐、酯-atriyne 三炔azo- 偶氮[ˈæzəu]azoxy-氧化偶氮-N=N(O)- hydrazo-氢化偶氮-NH-NH- benzene 苯[ˈbenˌzi:n, benˈzi:n] bi- 在盐类前表示酸式盐bis- 双-borane 硼烷[ˈbəurein]bromo- 溴butyl 丁基 .-carbinol 甲醇carbonyl 羰基-caboxylic acid 羧酸centi- 10-2chloro- 氯代cis- 顺式condensed 缩合的、冷凝的cyclo- 环deca- 十deci 10-1di二-dine 啶dodeca- 十二-ene 烯epi- 表epoxy- 环氧 [♏☐♦♓]-ester 酯-ether 醚ethoxy- 乙氧基[♏♦✋] ethyl 乙基fluoro-或fluor- 氟代-form 仿-glycol 二醇hemi- 半hendeca- 十一hepta- 七heptadeca- 十七hexa- 六hexadeca- 十六-hydrin 醇hydro- 氢或水hydroxyl 羟基hypo- 低级的，次-ic 酸的，高价金属-ide 无氧酸的盐，酰替胺，酐-il 偶酰-imine 亚胺 /♓❍♓⏹iodine 碘[ ♋✋☜♎♓⏹ ☎✍✆ ♋✋☜♎♋✋⏹]iodo- 碘代iso- 异，等，同-ite 亚酸盐keto- 酮ketone 酮-lactone 内酯mega- 106meta- 间，偏methoxy- 甲氧基methyl 甲基micro- 10-6milli- 10-3mono- ( mon-) 一，单nano- 10-9nitro- 硝基nitroso- 亚硝基nona- 九nonadeca- 十九octa- 八octadeca- 十八-oic 酸的-ol 醇9 a$ f! Q, H: [5 n& G-one 酮ortho- 邻，正，原-ous 亚酸的，低价金属oxa- 氧杂-oxide 氧化合物-oxime 肟 [ ♦♓❍]oxo- 酮 [ ♦☜◆]oxy- 氧化 [ ♦✋]-oyl 酰para- 对位，仲penta- 五pentadeca- 十五per- 高，过petro- 石油phenol 苯酚[ˈfi:nəl]phenyl 苯基 [ ♐♏⏹☜● ♐♓⏹☜● ♐♓ ⏹♓●]pico- 10-12poly- 聚，多quadri- 四quinque- 五semi- 半septi- 七sesqui 一个半sulfa- 磺胺 [ ♦✈●♐☜]sym- 对称syn- 顺式，同，共ter- 三 -tetra- 四tetradeca- 十四tetrakis- 四个thio- 硫代[ ♋♓☜◆]trans- 反式，超，跨tri- 三trans- 反式，超，跨tri- 三trideca- 十三tris- 三个undeca- 十一 .Alkylation 烷基化C- alkylation C-烷基化O- alkylation O-烷基化N-alkylation N-烷基化Silylation 硅烷[基]化Exhaustive methylation 彻底甲基化Seco alkylation 断裂烷基化Demethylation 脱甲基化Ethylation 乙基化Arylation 芳基化Acylation 酰化Formylation 甲酰化Carbalkoxylation 烷氧羰基化Carboamidation 氨羰基化Carboxylation 羧基化Amination 氨基化Bisamination 双氨基化Cine substitution 移位取代Transamination 氨基交换Hydroxylation 羟基化acyloxyation 酰氧基化Decarboxylative nitration 脱羧卤化Allylic halogenation 烯丙型卤化Dehalogenation 脱卤Nitration 硝化Decarboxylative nitration 脱羧硝化Nitrosation 亚硝化Sulfonation 磺化Chlorosulfonation 氯磺酰化Desulfonation 脱磺酸基Sulfenylation 亚磺酰化Sulfonylation 磺酰化Chlorosulfenation 氯亚磺酰化Chlorocarbonylation 氯羰基化Diazotization 重氮化[daiˌæzətaiˈzeiʃən] Diazo transfer 重氮基转移Coupling reaction 偶联反应uni- 单，一unsym- 不对称的，偏位-yl 基-ylene 撑(二价基，价在不同原子上)-yne 炔Diazonium coupling 重氮偶联[ˌdaiəˈzəuniəm]Cross-coupling reaction 交叉偶联反应1,4-addition 1，4-加成C-C Pi-bond C-C π键Conjugate addition 共轭加成[ˈkɔndʒəˌgeɪt] Dimerization 二聚Trimefization 三聚Additive dimerization 加成二聚Sulfurize 使硫化[ ♦✈●♐◆❒♋♓ ♐☜]sulfurization 硫化Selenylation 硒化Hydroboration 硼氢化[ˈhaidrəuˌbɔ:ˈreiʃən] Oxyamination 羟氨基化Insertion 插入carbonylation 羧基化Hydroformylation 加氢甲酰基化Hydroacylation 加氢酰化Oxo process 羰基合成Decarbonylation 脱羰[di:ˌkɑ:bənəˈleiʃən] Hydrocarboxylation 氢羧基化Homologization 同系化Cyanoethylation 氰乙基化Decyanoethylation 脱氰乙基Ring closure 环合，闭环Diene synthesis 双烯合成Dienophile 亲双烯体Endo addition 内型加成Exo addition 外型加成Diels-Alder reaction 第尔斯-尔德反应Retro Diels-Alder reaction 逆第尔斯-阿尔德反应Ene synthesis 单烯合成Anionic cycloaddition 负离子环加成Dipolar addition 偶极加成Dehydrohalogenation 脱卤化氢Deamination 脱氨基Pyrolytic elimination 热解消除Elimination-addition 消除-加成Decarboxylation 脱羧Decarboxamidation 脱酰胺Decyanation 脱氰基Alkylolysis,alkyl cleavage 烷基裂解Acylolysis,acyl cleavage 酰基裂解Flash pyrolysis 闪热裂Fragmentation 碎裂Chiletropic reaction 螯键反应Chelation 螯环化Esterification 酯化Transesterification 酯交换Saponification 皂化Alcoholysis 醇解Ethanolysis 乙醇解Cyanomethylation 氰甲基化Aminomethylation 氨甲基化Hydroxymethylation 羟甲基化Hydroxyalkylation 羟烷基化Cholromethylation 氯甲基化Haloalkylation 卤烷基化Transacetalation 缩醛交换Enolization 烯醇化Haloform reaction 卤仿反应Condensation 缩合Aldol condensation 羟醛缩合Cross aldol condensation 交叉羟醛缩合Retrograde aldol condensation 逆羟醛缩合Acyloin condensation 偶姻缩合Cyclization 环化Annulation,annelation 增环反应Spiroannulation 螺增环Autoxidation 自氧化Allylic hydroperoxylation 烯丙型氢过氧化Epoxidation 环氧化Oxonolysis 臭氧解Electrochemical oxidation 电化学氧化Oxidative decarboxylation 氧化脱羧Aromatization 芳构化Catalytic hydrogenation 催化氢化Heterogeneous hydrogenation 多相氢化Homogeneous hydrogenation 均相氢化Catalytic dehydrogenation 催化脱氢Transfer hydrogenation 转移氢化Hydrogenolysis 氢解Dissolving metal reduction 溶解金属还原Single electron transfer 单电子转移Bimolecular reduction 双分子还原Electrochemical reduction 电化学还原Reductive alkylation 还原烷基化Reductive acylation 还原酰化Reductive dimerization 还原二聚Deoxygenation 脱氧Desulfurization 脱硫Deselenization 脱硒Mitallation 金属化Lithiation 锂化Hydrometallation 氢金属化Mercuration 汞化Oxymercuration 羟汞化Aminomercuration 氨汞化Abstraction 夺取[反应]Internal abstraction 内夺取[反应] Rearrangement 重排Prototropic rearrangement 质了转移重排Double bond migration 双键移位Allylic migration 烯丙型重排Allylic migration 烯丙型迁移Ring contraction 环缩小[反应]Ring expansion,ring enlargement 扩环[反应]-ketol rearrangement -酮醇重排Pinacol rearrangement 频哪醇重排Retropinacol rearrangement 逆频哪醇重排Semipinacol rearrangement 半频哪醇重排Benzilic rearrangement 二苯乙醇酸重排Acyl rearrangement 酰基重排Migratory aptitude 迁移倾向Transannular insertion 跨环插入Transannular rearrangement 跨环重排Migration 迁移Prototropy 质子转移Cationotropic rearrangement 正离子转移重排Anionotropy 负离子转移Anionotropic rearrangement 负离子转移重Sigmatropic rearrangement -迁移重排Homosigmatropic rearrangement 同迁移重排Electrophilic rearrangement 亲电重排Photosensitization 光敏化Forbidden transition 禁阻跃迁photooxidation 光氧化Photoisomerization 光异构化Photochemical rearrangement 光化学重排Angular methyl group 角甲基Alkylidene group 亚烷基[ælˈkiləˌdi:n] Methylene 亚甲基[ˈmeθili:n]Allyl group 烯丙基Allylic 烯丙型[的] [ˈæləˌlik]Phenyl group 苯基[ˈfenəl,ˈfi:nəl,ˈfi:nil]Aryl group 芳基Benzyl group 苄基Benzylic 苄型[的]Activating group 活化基团Chromophore 生色团[ˈkrəuməfɔ:] Auxochrome 助色团[ˈɔ:ksəkrəum] Magnetically anisotropic group 磁各向异性基团[əˌnaisəuˈtrɔpik]Smally ring 小环Common ring 普通环Medium ring 中环[ˈmi:djəm]Large ring 大环Bridged-ring system 桥环体系Spiro compound 螺环化合物Helical molecule 螺旋型分子Octahedral compound 八面体化合物Conjugation 共轭[ ⏹♎✞◆♈♏♓☞☜⏹]Conjugated-system 共轭体系Acyl cation 酰[基]正离子Benzylic cation 苄[基]正离子[ˈkætaiən] Arenium ion 芳[基]正离子或aryl cation Ketyl radical 羰自由基Radical ion 自由基离子[ˈaiən]Radical cation 自由基正离子Radical anion 自由基负离子[ˈænaiən] Isomerism 异构[现象]Acid form 酸式Fluxional structure 循变结构Stereochemistry 立体化学Optical activity 光学活性，旋光性Dextro isomer 右旋异构体[ ♎♏♦♦❒☜◆] Laevo isomer 左旋异构体[ ●♓❖☜☺] Tetrahedral configuration 四面体构型Stereoisomerism 立体异构[现象] Asymmetric atom 不对称原子Asymmetric carbon 不对称碳Pseudoasymmetric carbon 假不对称碳Phantom atom 虚拟原子[ ♐✌⏹♦☜❍] Homotopic 等位[的]Heterotopic 异位[的]Enantiotopic 对映[异构体]的Diastereotopic 非对映异构体[的] [ˌdaiəstiəri əˈtɔpik]Configuration 构型[kənˌfiɡjuˈreiʃən] Absolute configuration 绝对构型Chirality 手性Chiral 手性[的] [英] [ˈtʃirəl][美] [ˈkaɪrəl] Chiral center 手性中心Chiral molecule 手性分子Achiral 非手性[的] [ei'kairəl]Fischer projection 费歇尔投影式Neoman projection 纽曼投影式D-L system of nomenclature D-L命名体系R-S syytem of nomenclature R-S命名体系Cahn-Ingold-Prelon sequence 顺序规则Symmetry factor 对称因素Plane of symmetry 对称面Mirror symmetry 镜面对称Enantiomer 对映[异构]体[♓⏹✌⏹♦♓☜◆❍☜]Diastereomer 非对映[异构]体[ ♎♋♓☜♦♦♓☜❒♓☜◆❍☜]Epimer 差向异构体[ ♏☐♓❍☜]Anomer 端基[差向]异构体Erythro configuration 赤型构型Erythro isomer 赤型异构体Threo configuration 苏型构型Threo isomer 苏型异构体Trigonal carbon 三角型碳Cis-trans isomerism 顺反异构E isomer E异构体Z isomer Z异构体Endo isomer 内型异构体Exo isomer 外型异构体Prochirality 前手性Pro-R group 前R基团Pro-S proup 前S基团Re face Re面Si face Si面Racemic mixture 外消旋混合物[❒☜♦♓❍♓]Racemic compound 外消旋化合物Racemic solid solution 外消旋固体溶液Meso compound 内消旋化合物Quasi recemate 准外消旋体[ˈkwɑ:zi(:),ˈkweis ai]Conformation 构象Conformational 构象的Torsion angle 扭转角Rotamer 旋转异构体Anti conformation 反式构象Bisecting conformation 等分构象Anti periplanar conformation 反叠构象Synperiplanar conformation 顺叠构象Synclinal conformation 反错构象Synclinal conformation 顺错构象Eclipsed conformation 重叠构象Gauche conformation, skew con-formation 邻位交叉构象Staggered conformation 对位交叉构象Steric effect 空间效应[ˈstiərik,ˈsterik]Steric hindrance 位阻Atropismer 阻转异构体Puckered ring 折叠环Conformational inversion 构象反转Chair conformation 椅型构象Boat conformation 船型构象Twist conformation 扭型构象Skew boat conformation 扭船型构象Half-chair conformation 半椅型构象Pseudorotation 假旋转Envelope conformation 信封[型]构象Axial bond 直[立]键[ˈæksi:əl]Equatorial bond 平[伏]键[ˌi:kwəˈtɔ:ri:əl, -ˈtəʊr-, ˌekwə-]Cisoid conformation 顺向构象Transoid conformation 反向构象Retention of configuration 构型保持Regioselectivity 区域选择性Regiospecificity 区域专一性Stereocelectivity 立体选择性Stereospecificty 立体专一性Conformer 构象异构体Conformational effect 构象效应Cram’s rube 克拉姆规则Prelog’rule普雷洛格规则Stereochemical orientation 立体[化学]取向Conformational transmission 构象传递Homolog 同系物Ipso position 本位Ortho position 邻位Meta position 间位Para position 对位Amphi position 远位Peri position 近位Trigonal hybridization 三角杂化Molecular orbiral method 分子轨道法Valence bond method 价键法Delocalezed bond 离域键Cross conjugation 交叉共轭Vinylog 插烯物Mesomeric effect 中介效应Resonance 共振[ˈrezənəns]Resonance effect 共振效应Hyperconjugation 超共轭Isovalent hyperconjugation 等价超共轭No-bond resonance 无键共振Aromaticity 芳香性Aromatic sexter 芳香六隅Huckel’rule休克尔规则Paramagnetic ring current 顺磁环电流Diamagnetic ring cruuent 抗磁环电流Homoaromaticity 同芳香性Antiaromaticity 反芳香性Alternant hydrocarbon 交替烃Non-alternant hydrocarbon 非交替烷Pericyclic reaction 周环反应Electrocyclic rearrangement 电环[化]重排Conrotatory 顺旋Disroatatory 对旋Cycloaddition 环加成Symmetry forbidden-reaction 对称禁阻反应Synfacial reaction 同面反应Antarafacial reaction 异面反应Mobius system 默比乌斯体系Leois structure 路易斯结构Coordinate-covalent bond 配位共价键Banana bond 香蕉键Pauling electronegativity scale 鲍林电负性标度Polarizability 可极化性Inductive effect 诱导效应Field effect 场效应Electrical effect 电场效应tautomerism 互变异构Tautomerization 互变异构化Keto-enol tautomerism 酮-烯醇互变异构Phenol-keto tautomerism 酚-酮互变异构Imine-enamine atutomerism 亚胺-烯胺互变异构Ring-chain tautomerism 环-链互变异构Valence tautomerism 价互变异构Ambident 两可[的]Solvent effect 溶剂效应Acid-base catalyxed reaction 酸性溶剂Basic solvent 碱性溶剂Dielectric constant 介电常数Solvated electron 溶剂化电子Acid-base catalyzed reaction 酸碱催化反应Conjugate base 共轭酸Conjugate base 共轭碱Therm odynamic acidity 热力学酸度Kinetic acidity 动力学酸度Electron donof-acceptor complex,EDAcomplex 电子给[体]受体络合物Host 主体Guest 客体Primary isotope effect 一级同位素效应Secondary isotope effect 二级同位数效应Inverse isotope effect 逆同位素效应Kinetic control 动力学控制Thermodynamic control 热力学控制Substrate 底物Intermediate 中间体Reactive intermediate 活泼中间体Microscopic reversibility 微观可逆性Hammond postulate 哈蒙德假说Linear free energy 线性自由能Non-bonded interaction 非键相互作用Torsional effect 扭转效应Pitzer strain 皮策张力Restricted rotation 阻碍旋转Eclipsing effect 重叠效应Eclipsing strain 重叠张力Small-angle strain 小角张力Large angle strain 大角张力Transannular interaction 跨环相互作用Transannular strain 跨环张力I strain 内张力F strain 前张力B strain 后张力Anomeric effect 端基异构效应Walden inversion 瓦尔登反转Racemization 外消旋化Isoinversion 等反转Isoracemization 等消旋Homochiral 纯手性[的]Mechanism 机理Unimolecular nucleophilic 单分子亲核取代Bimolecular nucleophilic sub-stitution 双分子亲核取代Bimolecular nucleophilic substi-tution(with allyl ic rearrange-ment) 双分子亲核取代（含烯丙型重排）Internal nucleophilic substiru-tion 分子内亲核取代Aromatic nucleophilic substitu-tion 芳香亲核取代Unimolecular electrophilic sub-stitution 单分子亲电取代Bimolecular electrophilic substi-tution 双分子亲电取代Nucleophile-assisted unimolecu-lar electrophilic substitution 亲核体协助单分子亲电取代Unimolecular elimination 单分子消除Bimolecular elimination 双分子消除Unimolecular elimination through the conjugate base 单分子共轭碱消除Bimolecular elimination through the conjugate b ase 双分子共轭碱消除Bimolecular elimination with for-mation of a car bonyl group 双分子羰基形成消除Unimolecular acid-catalyzed acyl-oxygen cleava ge 单分子酸催化酰氧断裂Bimolecular base-catalyzed acyl-oxygen cleavag e 双分子碱催化酰氧断裂Unimolecular acid-catalyzed alkyl-oxygen cleav age 单分子酸催化烷氧断裂Bimllecular base-catalyzed alkyl-oxygen cleavag e 双分子碱催化烷氧断裂π-allyl complex mechanism π烯丙型络合机理Borderline mechanism 边理机理Homolysis 均裂Heterolysis 异裂Heterolytic michanism 异裂机理Counrer[gegen]ion 反荷离子Ion pair 离子对Carbocation 碳正离子[ˌkɑ:bəˈkeiʃən] Nonclassical carbocation 非经典碳正离子Carbanion 碳负离子[ˈkɑ:bənaiən]Masked carbanion 掩蔽碳负离子Carbenoid 卡宾体Carbene 卡宾[ ♌♓⏹]Nitrene 氮宾[ ⏹a♓♦❒♓⏹]Carbine 碳炔[ ♌♋♓⏹] Electrophilic addition 亲电加成Electrophile 亲电体Diaxial addition 双直键加成Markovnikov’s rube 马尔科夫尼科规则Anti-Markovnikov addition 反马氏加成Michael addition 迈克尔加成Substitution 取代Electrophilic substitution 亲电取代Addition-elimination mechanism 加成消除机理[ˈmekənizəm]Electrophilic aromatic substitu-tion 亲电芳香取代Electron transfer 电子转移Electron-donating group 给电子基团Electron-Withdrawing group 吸电子基团Deactivating group 钝化基团Orinentation 取向Ortho-para directing group 邻对位定位基Meta directing group 间位定位基Ortho effect 邻位效应Partial rate factor 分速度系数Nucleophilic reaction 亲核反应Internal return 内返Nucleophilicity 亲核体Nucleophilicity 亲核性α-effect α-效应Backside attack 背面进攻Inversion 反转Umbrella effect 伞效应Push-pull effect 推拉效应Leaving group 离去基团Electrofuge 离电体Nucleofuge 离核体Phase-transfer catalysis 相转移催化Neighboring group participation 邻基基参与Neighboring proup assistance,anchimeric assista nce 邻助作用Neighboring group effect 邻基效应Apofacial reaction 反面反应Briddgehead displacement 桥头取代Aryl action 芳正离子Benzyne 苯炔Zaitsev rule 札依采夫规则Anti-Zaitsev orientation 反札依采夫定向Hofmann’s rule 霍夫曼规则Bredt rule 布雷特规则Initiation 引发Anionic cleavage 负离子裂解Partial bond fixation 键[的]部分固定化exothermic发热的，放出热量的[ˌeksəuˈθə:mik]各种反应类型Halogenations reaction卤化反应Hydrogenation reaction氢化反应Alkylation reaction烷基化（烃化）反应Hydrocarbylation 烃基化反应Oxidation and reduction reaction氧化还原反Reductive amination还原胺化反应Cross-coupling reaction交叉耦合反应Cycloaddition reaction环加成反应Rearrangement reaction重排反应Acylation reaction酰化反应Acetylization reaction乙酰化反应Amide reaction酰胺反应Sulfonylation磺酰化反应Nitration reaction硝化反应Esterification酯化反应Anhydride reaction酸酐反应Oximation reaction肟化反应Coupled（或coupling）reaction偶联反应1,3-dipolar cycloaddition 1,3-偶极环加成Pericyclic reaction周环反应Hydrolysis reaction 水解反应Ester hydrolysis 酯水解反应Hydrolytic-polymeric reaction水解聚合反应Dehydrogenation reaction脱氢反应Dehydrohalogenation reaction 脱卤化氢反应Dehydration reaction脱水反应Decarboxylation reaction脱羧反应Addition reaction加成反应Substitution reaction取代反应Cracking reaction 裂化反应Elimination reaction消除反应And metal response reaction与活泼金属反应Phase transfer catalytic reaction相转移催化反应Acid-base catalyzed reaction酸碱催化反应Polymerization reaction聚合反应Polycondensation reaction缩聚反应Condensation reaction 缩合反应Silver mirror reaction银镜反应Nucleophilic reaction亲核反应Electrophilic reaction亲电反应Nucleophilic cycloaddition reaction亲核环加成反应Nucleophilic substitution亲核取代反应Electrophilic substitution亲电取代反应Unimolecular electrophilic substitution单分子亲电取代反应Bimolecular electrophilic substitution双分子亲电取代反应Unimolecular elimination reaction单分子消除反应Bimolecular elimination reaction双分子消除反应Unimolecular nucleophilic substitution单分子亲核取代Bimolecular nucleophilic substitution双分子亲核取代反应Internal nucleophilic substitution分子内亲核取代Aromatic nucleophilic substitution reaction芳香亲核取代反应活化剂的中英文名称Bis(2-ethylhexyl) sebacate （癸二酸二仲辛酯；癸二酸二2-乙基己酯）Zinc stearate （硬脂酸锌）Suberic acid （辛二酸）Adipic acid, （己二酸）Hexanedioic acid, （己二酸）Sebacic acid, dibutyl ester （癸二酸二丁酯）Abietic acid （松香酸）Lactic acid （乳酸）Poly(ethylene glycol) （聚乙二醇）Glycerol stearate （硬脂酸甘油酯）Imidazoline （咪唑啉，间二氮杂环戊烯）β-Pinene （β-蒎烯，β-松油二环烯）Adipic acid （脂肪酸）Butyl acetate （乙酸丁酯）Ethylene glycol butyl ether （乙二醇丁醚）Sebacic acid, （癸二酸）Decanedioic acid, （癸二酸）Ethylene glycol ethyl ether （乙二醇乙醚）2-Butenedioic acid (E)-, （2-丁烯二酸）Succinic acid, （琥珀酸，丁二酸）Ethylene glycol methyl ether （乙二醇甲醚）Acetyl acetate （乙酸乙酰脂）1H-Benzotriazole （1-H-笨并三唑）α-Pinene （α-蒎烯,α-松香二环烯）Salicylic acid (水杨酸)Iso-Propanol (异丙醇)Benzoic acid (苯甲酸)Ethanol (乙醇)Lysine (赖氨酸)Glutamic acid (谷氨酸,2-氨基戊二酸) Glyceroyl, （甘油酰）N,N,N',N'-Tetrakis-(2-hydroxypropyl)-ethylene-diamine（N，N，N，N-四（2-羟基丙基）乙烯二氨）Isoleucine, （异亮氨酸）Decamethylenedicarboxylic acid, disalicyloylhy drazide （Tris(2,3-dibromopropyl)isocyanurate（3（2，3-2溴丙基）异氰尿酸盐）3-(N-Salicyloyl)amino-1,2,4-triazole （3-（N-水杨酰）氨-1，2，4-三唑）Isocyanuric acid （异氰尿酸）Salicylamide （水杨酰胺）Polyethylene glycol （聚乙二醇）Diethylene glycol diethyl ether （二甘醇二乙醚，（一缩）二乙二醇二乙醚）Butyl carbitol （丁基卡必醇）Ethyl carbitol （乙基卡必醇）Methyl carbitol （甲基卡必醇）Ethylene glycol monobutyl ether （乙二醇单丁醚）Glutaric acid （戊二酸，谷酸）Succinic acid （琥珀酸，丁二酸）Citric acid （柠檬酸）Salicylic acid （水杨酸）Lactic acid （2-羟基丙酸，乳酸）Glycerin monostearate （甘油一硬脂酸）Pentaerythritol （季戊四醇）tetrakis[β-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-phenyl)pr opionate] 四[β-（3，5-二叔丁基-4-羟基-苯基）丙酸酯Dioctyl sebacate （癸二酸二辛酯）N-Methyl pyrrolidone, （N-甲基吡咯烷酮）Diethylene glycol ethyl ether （二甘醇乙醚）Propylene glycol （丙二醇）Octanedioic acid （辛二酸）Oleamide （油酸酰胺）[olamine 乙醇胺]2-Mercapto benzothiazole （2-巯基-苯并噻唑）Nonanedioic acid, （壬二酸）cis-9-Octadecenoic acid, （顺式-9-十八炭烯酸，油酸）Sebacic acid, uses （癸二酸）12-Hydroxy stearic acid （十二羟基硬脂酸）Phthalic acid （苯二甲酸）1,1,3-Tris(2-methyl-4-hydroxy-5-tert-butylpheny l)butane（1，1，3-三（2-甲基-4-羟基-5-叔丁基苯基）丁烷）1,3,5-Trimethyl-2,4,6-tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hyd roxybenzyl)benzene（1，3，5-三甲基-2，4，6-三（3，5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基）苯）1-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone, （1-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮）Carbonic acid, （碳酸）Phthalic acid, （苯二甲酸）Malic acid （苹果酸,羟基丁二酸）2,3-Dibromo-2-butene-1,4-diol （2，3-二溴-2-丙烯-1，4-二醇）Cetylpyridinium bromide （溴代十六烷基吡啶）Pentanedioic acid （戊二酸） pentanediol (戊二醇)pentanoic acid ( 戊酸) pentanol (戊醇) Butanedioic acid, （丁二酸）1,2-Dibromoethylbenzene （1，2-二溴乙基苯）Salicylic acid, （水杨酸）Stearic acid （硬脂酸）Pentanedioic acid （戊二酸）Maleic acid, （马来酸，失水苹果酸）Phthalic acid, （苯二甲酸）Tartaric acid, （酒石酸）Acetic acid, （乙酸）Polyoxyethylene octylphenol ether （聚氧乙烯辛基酚醚，聚氧化亚乙基辛基分醚）Ethanedioic acid, （乙二酸）Polyethylene glycol （聚乙二醇）Diethylene glycol butyl ether （二甘醇丁醚）Diethylene glycol monoethyl ether （二甘醇单乙醚）Ethylene glycol monobutyl ether （乙二醇单丁醚）Pentaerythritol, （季戊四醇）Diglycol, （二甘醇，一缩二乙二醇）Hexylene glycol （己二醇）Ethylene glycol, （乙二醇）Glycerol, （甘油,丙三醇）Cyclobutanediamine （环丁烷二胺）Dibromobutenediol （二溴丁二醇）Cyclohexanediamine （环己烷二胺）Succinamide （琥珀酰胺，丁二酸胺）Ethylenediamine, （乙二胺）Triethanolamine, （三乙醇胺）5-Aminoisophthalic acid （5-氨基间苯二甲酸）p-tert-Butylbenzoic acid （对叔丁基苯甲酸）Propionic acid, （丙酸）Benzoic acid, （安息香酸, 苯(甲)酸）Salicylamide （水杨酰胺）Aniline, （苯胺）Palmitic acid, （棕榈酸, 十六酸, 软脂酸）Glutamic acid, （谷氨酸） Glutaric acid (谷酸，戊二酸)Glycine, （甘氨酸，氨基乙酸）Malic acid （苹果酸,羟基丁二酸）Adipic acid, （己二酸）Diethanolamine （二乙醇胺）Triethylamine, （三乙胺）Malic acid （苹果酸）Oxalic acid, （草酸）Oleic acid, （油酸）Glutaric acid (谷氨酸)Sorbic acid （山梨酸） sorbic alcohol (山梨醇)=sorbitReactant 反应物nProduct 产物nCatalyst 催化剂catalytic agent，catalyzer Degree Celsius摄氏度Sodium Borohydride硼氢化钠Lithium Aluminum Hydride (LAH)氢化铝锂Lithiumtrit-ButoxyaluminohydrideLiAlH(O t-C4H9)3叔丁氧基氢化铝锂Diisobutylaluminum Hydride AlH[CH2CH(CH3)2]2二异丙基氢化铝Diborane B2H6硼烷Reactive Metals 活泼金属如 Na, or Li, or K ，Mg or Al or Zn or FePotassium carbonate碳酸钾Sodium carbonate 碳酸钠Sodium bicarbonate 碳酸氢钠[♌♋♓♌☜⏹♓♦]Sodium chloride氯化钠Sodium acetate 乙酸钠Sodium cyanide[ˈsaɪəˌnaɪd]氰化钠Sodium methoxide或Sodium methylate甲醇钠，甲氧基钠Sodium ethoxide[ˈsəʊdi:əm i:ˈθɔksaid]或Sodium ethylate[ˈsəʊdi:əm ˈeθileit]乙醇钠Sodium sulfate 硫酸钠Magnesium sulfate [mægˈni:zi:əm ]硫酸镁Acetic acid乙酸Formic acid甲酸Ammonium format甲酸铵Formamide[fɔ:ˈmæmid]或formyl amide 甲酰胺formaldehyde甲醛[fɔ:ˈmældəˌhaɪd]Methyl iodide碘甲烷Potassium iodide碘化钾[☐☜♦✌♦✋☜❍] Potassium chloride氯化钾Potassium cyanide[ˈsaɪəˌnaɪd]氰化钾Dimethyl sulfate硫酸二甲酯Palladium –carbon 钯碳Pd/C [pəˈleidiəm] Palladium chloride氯化钯Palladium diacetate醋酸钯Chloroacetone 氯丙酮Tetrabutyl ammonium bromide四丁基溴化铵Tetrabutyl ammonium fluoride四丁基氟化铵容器类：量杯measuring cup烧杯beaker 不锈钢杯stainless-steel beaker 量筒measuring flask/measuring cylinder 量筒graduated flask/measuring cylinder坩埚crucible 坩埚钳crucible clamp 坩埚crucible pot, melting pot试管test tube 试管架test tube holder漏斗funnel 分液漏斗separatory funnel烧瓶flask 锥形瓶conical flask塞子stopper洗瓶plastic wash bottle滴定管burette玻璃活塞stopcock冷凝器condenser试剂瓶reagent bottles玻棒glass rod 搅拌棒stirring rod蒸馏烧瓶distilling flask碘量瓶iodine flask表面皿watch glass蒸发皿evaporating dish容量瓶volumetric flask/measuring flask移液管(one-mark) pipette刻度移液管graduated pipettes称量瓶weighing bottle吸液管pipette滤管filter天平balance/scale分析天平analytical balance台秤platform balance游码crossbeams and sliding weights酒精灯alcohol burner酒精喷灯blast alcohol burner搅拌装置stirring device洗耳球rubber suction bulb研磨钵mortar 研磨棒pestle 玛瑙研钵agate mortar瓷器porcelain白细口瓶flint glass solution bottle with stopper 滴瓶dropping bottle 小滴管dropper蒸馏装置distilling apparatus蒸发器evaporator试验用器材：升降台lab jack铁架台iron support万能夹extension clamp蝴蝶夹double-buret clamp双顶丝clamp regular holder止水夹flatjaw pinchcock圆形漏斗架cast-iron ring移液管架pipet rack试管架tube rack沸石boiling stone橡胶管rubber tubing药匙lab spoon镊子forceps坩埚钳crucible tong剪刀scissor打孔器stopper borer石棉网asbestos-free wire gauze电炉丝wire coil for heater脱脂棉absorbent cottonphph试纸universal ph indicator paper滤纸filter paper称量纸weighing paper擦镜纸wiper for lens秒表stopwatch量杯glass graduates with scale白滴定管（酸）flint glass burette with glass stopcock 棕色滴定管（酸）brown glass burette with glass stopcock白滴定管（碱）flint glass burette for alkali棕色滴定管（碱）brown glass burette for alkali 比重瓶specific gravity bottle水银温度计mercury-filled thermometerph计ph meter折光仪refractometer真空泵vacuum pump冷、热浴bath离心机centrifuge口罩respirator防毒面具respirator、gasmask磁力搅拌器magnetic stirrer电动搅拌器power basic stirrer烘箱oven闪点仪flash point tester马弗炉furnace电炉heater微波炉电热套heating mantleBunsen burner 本生灯product 化学反应产物apparatus 设备PH indicator PH值指示剂,氢离子(浓度的)负指数指示剂matrass 卵形瓶litmus 石蕊litmus paper 石蕊试纸burette 滴定管retort 曲颈甑still 蒸馏釜cupel 烤钵化学反应：analysis 分解fractionation 分馏endothermic reaction 吸热反应exothermic reaction 放热反应precipitation 沉淀to precipitate 沉淀to distil, to distill 蒸馏distillation 蒸馏to calcine 煅烧。
四种烷基咪唑磷酸酯离子液体的热力学性质
化工进展Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress2024 年第 43 卷第 3 期四种烷基咪唑磷酸酯离子液体的热力学性质刘泽鹏，曾纪珺，唐晓博，赵波，韩升，廖袁淏，张伟（西安近代化学研究所氟氮化工资源高效开发与利用国家重点实验室，陕西 西安 710065）摘要：针对烷基咪唑磷酸酯离子液体的热物性数据较少的问题，本文在常压下测定了1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑磷酸二氢盐（[EMIM][DHP]）、1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑磷酸二甲酯盐（[EMIM][DMP]）、1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑磷酸二乙酯盐（[EMIM][DEP]）、1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑磷酸二丁酯盐（[BMIM][DBP]）四种烷基咪唑磷酸酯离子液体的密度、黏度（293.15~353.15K ）和电导率（293.15~343.15K ），并且测定了四种离子液体的热稳定性。
结果表明，离子液体的密度、黏度随温度的升高而减小，而电导率随温度的升高而增大。
采用自然对数方程关联四种离子液体的密度，根据实验值计算到了离子液体体积性质；采用VFT 方程关联离子液体黏度和电导率，其中密度与电导率的实验值与模型相关系数R 2达到0.9999，黏度相关系数R 2达到0.99999，实验测定的数据与模型一致；四种离子液体的热稳定性相近，分解温度均在271.9~278.6℃范围内；瓦尔登规则分析表明，四种烷基咪唑磷酸酯离子液体符合Walden 规则，而[EMIM][DMP]和[EMIM][DEP]被归类为“good ionic liquids ”。
关键词：烷基咪唑磷酸酯离子液体；密度；黏度；电导率；热稳定性中图分类号：TQ013.1 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1000-6613（2024）03-1484-08Thermodynamic properties of four alkyl imidazolium phosphate ionicliquidsLIU Zepeng ，ZENG Jijun ，TANG Xiaobo ，ZHAO Bo ，HAN Sheng ，LIAO Yuanhao ，ZHANG Wei(State Key Laboratory of Fluorine & Nitrogen Chemicals, Xi ’an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi ’an 710065,Shaanxi, China)Abstract: The density, viscosity, and conductivity of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium dihydrogen-phosphate ([EMIM][DHP]), 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium dimethylphosphate ([EMIM][DMP]), 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium diethylphosphate ([EMIM][DEP]) and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium dibutyl-phosphate ([BMIM][DBP]) ionic liquids were measured in the temperature range of 293.15K to 353.15K under ambient conditions. Some important volumetric properties, including the isobaric thermal expansion coefficients, molecular volume, standard entropy and lattice potential energy were calculated from the experimental density values. The thermal gravimetric analysis was performed in the temperature range of 35℃ to 700℃, resulting in thermal decomposition temperatures up to 271.9—278.6℃. The Walden rule analysis demonstrated that four phosphate ionic liquids complied with the Walden rule well, while [EMIM][DMP] and [EMIM][DEP] were classified as “good ionic liquids ”.Keywords: alkyl imidazolium phosphate ionic liquids; density; viscosity; conductivity; thermal stability研究开发DOI ：10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2023-1722收稿日期：2023-09-28；修改稿日期：2023-12-05。
4-溴甲基苯硼酸作为双氧水的响应基团
4-溴甲基苯硼酸作为双氧水的响应基团下载提示：该文档是本店铺精心编制而成的，希望大家下载后，能够帮助大家解决实际问题。
文档下载后可定制修改，请根据实际需要进行调整和使用，谢谢!本店铺为大家提供各种类型的实用资料，如教育随笔、日记赏析、句子摘抄、古诗大全、经典美文、话题作文、工作总结、词语解析、文案摘录、其他资料等等，想了解不同资料格式和写法，敬请关注!Download tips: This document is carefully compiled by this editor. I hope that after you download it, it can help you solve practical problems. The document can be customized and modified after downloading, please adjust and use it according to actual needs, thank you! In addition, this shop provides you with various types of practical materials, such as educational essays, diary appreciation, sentence excerpts, ancient poems, classic articles, topic composition, work summary, word parsing, copy excerpts, other materials and so on, want to know different data formats and writing methods, please pay attention!4溴甲基苯硼酸作为双氧水的响应基团在化学研究中，双氧水是一种常见的氧化剂，广泛应用于有机合成、环境保护和生物医学领域。
HRAC-Classification of Herbicides According to Mod
Classification of Herbicides According to Mode of ActionFarmers, advisors and researchers should know which herbicides are best suited to combat specific resistant weeds. To support the use of herbicides suitable for resistance management the enclosed classification of herbicides is proposed.The herbicides are classified alphabetically according to their target sites, modes of action, similarity of induced symptoms or chemical classes.If different herbicide groups share the same mode or site of action only one letter is used. In the case of photosynthesis inhibitors subclasses C1, C2 and C3 indicate different binding behaviour at the binding protein D1 or different classes. Bleaching can be caused by different ways. Accordingly subgroups F1, F2 and F3 are introduced. Growth inhibition can be induced by herbicides from subgroups K1, K2 and K3. Herbicides with unknown modes or sites of action are classified in group Z as "unknown" until they can be grouped exactly.Classification of HerbicidesIn order to avoid confusion with I and O categories J and Q are omitted. New herbicides will be classified in the respective groups or in new groups (R, S, T...).Since the system was in part developed in co-operation with the "Weed Science Society of America (WSSA)" new herbicides should be categorised jointly by HRAC and WSSA.For reference the numerical system of the WSSA is listed, too.The aim of HRAC is to create a uniform classification of herbicide modes of action in as many countries as possible.Such a classification system can be useful for many instances but there are cases where weeds exhibit multiple resistance across many of the groups listed and in these cases the key may be of limited value.The system itself is not based on resistance risk assessment but can be used by the farmer or advisor as a tool to choose herbicides in different mode of action groups, so that mixtures or rotations of active ingredients can be planned.For a figure of the chemical groups involved each HRAC Group, click on the letter in the table below. A synoptic graphic of the HRAC groups is also available.The WSSA and HRAC systems differ in minor ways. Herbicides in italics are listed on the HRAC classification system but are not listed on the WSSA classification.January 2005 HRAC: Herbicide classificationRemarks:According to information and comments following herbicides are classified in the January 2005 version in HRAC (WSSA) groups:B (2): cancelled: #9; #9; procarbazone Approved ISO name: propoxycarbazone E (14): cancelled: pyrazogyl Approved name: pyraclonil。
有机化学课后习题参考答案完整版(汪小兰第四版)
目录第一章绪论 (1)第二章饱和烃 (2)第三章不饱和烃 (6)第四章环烃 (14)第五章旋光异构 (23)第六章卤代烃 (28)第七章波谱法在有机化学中的应用 (33)第八章醇酚醚 (43)第九章醛、酮、醌 (52)第十章羧酸及其衍生物 (63)第十一章取代酸 (71)第十二章含氮化合物 (77)第十三章含硫和含磷有机化合物 (85)第十四章碳水化合物 (88)第十五章氨基酸、多肽与蛋白质 (99)第十六章类脂化合物 (104)第十七章杂环化合物 (113)Fulin 湛师第一章 绪论1.1扼要归纳典型的以离子键形成的化合物与以共价键形成的化合物的物理性质。
答案：1.2 NaCl 与KBr 各1mol 溶于水中所得的溶液与NaBr 及KCl 各1mol 溶于水中所得溶液是否相同？如将CH 4及CCl 4各1mol 混在一起，与CHCl 3及CH 3Cl 各1mol 的混合物是否相同？为什么？ 答案：NaCl 与KBr 各1mol 与NaBr 及KCl 各1mol 溶于水中所得溶液相同。
因为两者溶液中均为Na +,K +,Br －, Cl －离子各1mol 。
由于CH 4与CCl 4及CHCl 3与CH 3Cl 在水中是以分子状态存在，所以是两组不同的混合物。
1.3碳原子核外及氢原子核外各有几个电子？它们是怎样分布的？画出它们的轨道形状。
当四个氢原子与一个碳原子结合成甲烷（CH 4）时，碳原子核外有几个电子是用来与氢成键的？画出它们的轨道形状及甲烷分子的形状。
答案：C+624H CCH 4中C 中有4个电子与氢成键为SP 3杂化轨道,正四面体结构CH 4SP 3杂化2p y2p z2p x2sH1.4写出下列化合物的Lewis 电子式。
a.C 2H 4b.CH 3Clc.NH 3d.H 2Se.HNO 3f.HCHOg.H 3PO 4h.C 2H 6i.C 2H 2j.H 2SO 4 答案：a.C C H H HHCC HH HH或 b.H C H c.H N Hd.H S He.H O NO f.O C H Hg.O POO H H Hh.H C C HHH H HO P O O H HH或i.H C C Hj.O S O HH OH H或1.5下列各化合物哪个有偶极矩？画出其方向。
《化妆品中3-亚苄基樟脑等22种防晒剂的检测方法》
附件化妆品中3- 亚苄基樟脑等22 种防晒剂的检测方法Determination of 3-benzylidene camphor andother 21 kinds of sunscreens in cosmetics1 范围本方法规定了高效液相色谱法测定化妆品中3-亚苄基樟脑等22种防晒剂的含量。
本方法适用于水基类、凝胶类、膏霜乳液类、粉类和蜡基类等化妆品中3-亚苄基樟脑等22种防晒剂含量的测定。
本方法所包含的22种防晒剂名称、CAS号等信息见附录A 。
2 方法提要样品提取后，经高效液相色谱仪分离，二极管阵列检测器检测，采用保留时间和紫外光谱图定性，峰面积定量，以标准曲线法计算含量。
本方法中各组分的检出限、定量下限及取样量为0.25g时的检出浓度和最低定量浓度见表1。
表1 22种组分的检出限、定量限、检出浓度和最低定量浓度序号组分名称检出限定量下检出浓定量浓（ng）限（ng）度（%）度（%）1 3- 亚苄基樟脑 1.9 6.3 0.02 0.062 4- 甲基苄亚基樟脑 3.0 10 0.03 0.103 试剂和材料 除另有规定外， 本方法所用试剂均为分析纯或以上规格， 水为GB/T 6682规定的一级水。
3.1 甲醇，色谱纯。
3.2 四氢呋喃，色谱纯。
3.3 高氯酸，优级纯。
3.4 乙酸铵，分析纯。
3.5 混合溶剂 1：甲醇+四氢呋喃 +水+高氯酸 = 250 mL +450 mL +300 mL +0.25 mL序号 组分名称3 二苯酮 -34 二苯酮 -4 或二苯酮 -5 （以酸计） 5 亚苄基樟脑磺酸（以酸计）6 双 -乙基己氧苯酚甲氧苯基三嗪7 丁基甲氧基二苯甲酰基甲烷8 樟脑苯扎铵甲基硫酸盐 9二乙氨羟苯甲酰基苯甲酸己酯 10 二乙基己基丁酰胺基三嗪酮 11 甲酚曲唑三硅氧烷 12 二甲基 PABA 乙基己酯 13 甲氧基肉桂酸乙基己酯 14 水杨酸乙基己酯 15 乙基己基三嗪酮 16 胡莫柳酯17 对甲氧基肉桂酸异戊酯18 亚甲基双 -苯并三唑基四甲基丁基酚 19 奥克立林（以酸计） 20 苯基苯并咪唑磺酸（以酸计）21 对苯二亚甲基二樟脑磺酸（以酸计） 22苯基二苯并咪唑四磺酸酯二钠检出限 定量下 检出浓 定量浓 （ng ）限（ng ） 度（%） 度（%）3.1 10 0.03 0.10 3.5 12 0.04 0.12 2.4 7.9 0.02 0.08 3.1 10 0.03 0.10 3.9 13 0.04 0.13 1.9 6.2 0.02 0.06 6.3 21 0.06 0.21 0.6 2.1 0.01 0.03 1.8 6.0 0.02 0.06 2.4 8.0 0.03 0.09 2.5 8.3 0.03 0.09 7.2 24 0.07 0.24 1.44.6 0.02 0.06 1239 0.12 0.39 1.2 4.2 0.01 0.04 1.2 3.9 0.01 0.04 5.9 20 0.06 0.20 2.2 7.4 0.02 0.07 2.89.3 0.03 0.09 0.6 1.50.010.033.6 0.02mol/L 乙酸铵溶液：称取乙酸铵（ 3.4） 1.54g，加水1000mL 溶解，用磷酸调pH至5.0。
有机化学基团名称翻译
伸乙烷合萘基；伸二氢苊基acenaphtheneylene乙烷合萘基；二氢苊基acenaphthenyl亚乙烷合萘基；亚二氢苊基acenaphthenylidene醋酰胺基；乙酰胺基acetamido; acetamino乙炔基acetenyl;ethynyl乙酰乙酰基acetoacetyl丙酮基acetonyl亚丙酮基acetonylidene乙酰氧基acetoxy乙酰基acetyl乙酰亚胺基acetylimino酸硝基aci-nitro吖啶基acridinyl丙烯酰基acrylyl; acryloyl己二酰基adipoyl; adipyl脲[基]羰基；脲甲酰基allophanyl; allophanoyl烯丙基allyl甲脒基amidino; guanyl酰胺基amido酰胺草酰基；草酰胺酰基amidoxalyl; oxamoyl胺基amino戊基amyl; pentyl伸戊基amylene亚戊基amylidene亚戊基amylidene; pentylidene苯胺基anilino大茴香亚甲基；对甲氧苯亚甲基；对甲氧亚苄基anisal; anisylidene 甲氧苯胺基anisidino大茴香酰基；对甲氧苯甲酰基；对甲氧苄酰基anisoyl大茴香亚甲基；对甲氧亚苄基；对甲氧苯亚甲基anisylidene; p-methoxybenzylidene; anisal邻胺苯甲酰基；邻胺苄酰基anthraniloyl; anthranoyl蒽基anthranyl; anthryl蒽醌基anthraquinonyl伸蒽基；次蒽基anthrylene精胺酰基arginyl亚胂酸基arsinico胂基arsino胂酸基arsono亚胂基arsylene天[门]冬酰胺酰基asparaginyl; asparagyl天[门]冬胺酰基aspartyl阿托酰基；颠茄酰基；2-苯丙烯酰基atropoyl壬二酰基azelaxyl迭氮基；三氮基azido; triazo偶氮亚胺基azimino; azimido次偶氮基azino偶氮基azo氧偶氮基azoxy苯亚甲基；亚苄基benzal苯甲酰胺基；苄酰胺基benzamido苯亚磺酰基benzene sulfinyl; phenylsulfinyl苯磺酰胺基benzenesulfonamido苯磺酰基benzenesulfonyl次苄基benzenyl; benzylidyne二苯甲基benzhydryl; diphenylmethyl二苯亚甲基benzhydrylidene; diphenylmethylene联苯胺基benzidino二苯羟乙酰基benziloyl苯并咪唑基benzimidazolyl苯甲酰亚胺基benzimido; benzoylimino亚胺苄基benzimidoyl; benzimidoyle苯并呋喃基；熏草基benzofuryl苯并哌喃基benzopyranyl苯并【口+咢】【口+井】基benzoxazinyl苯并【口+咢】唑基benzoxazolyl苯甲酰氧基；苄酰氧基benzoxy; benzoyloxy苯甲酰基；苄酰基benzoyl伸苯甲酰基benzoylene苯甲酰亚胺基benzoylimino; benzimido苯甲酰氧基benzoyloxy; benzoxy苄基；苯甲基benzyl亚苄基；苯亚甲基benzylidene; benzylene; benzal次苄基；苯次甲基benzylidyne; benzenyl联苯基biphenylyl【草(之上)+伯】基；龙脑基；冰片基；莰基bornyl; camphenyl 丁二烯基butadienyl次丁烯基butenylidyne丁氧基butoxy丁基butyl伸丁基butylene亚丁基butylidene次丁基butylidyne次丁基butylidyne丁酰基butyryl2-氯乙基2-chloroethyl卡可基；二甲胂基cacodyl樟脑二酰基；莰二酰基camphoroyl樟脑基camphoryl亚樟脑基camphorylidene癸酰基{旧名：capryl} caprinoyl己酰基caproyl辛酰基caprylyl; capryloyl脲基carbamido; ureido胺甲酰基carbamoyl; carbamyl苯胺甲酰基；苯胺羰基carbanilino咔唑基carbazolyl乙氧羰基；乙氧甲酰基carbethoxy; ethoxycarbonyl 苄氧甲酰基；苄氧羰基carbobenzoxy甲氧甲酰基；甲氧羰基carbomethoxy羰基carbonyl羰二氧基carbonyldioxy羧基carboxyl羧甲基carboxymethyl香旱芹基carvacryl[虫]蜡基；二十六基ceryl鲸蜡基；十六基cetyl[印]大风子酰基chaulmoogroyl[印]大风子基chaulmoogryl氯甲酰基chloroformyl【草(之上)+快】基chrysenyl亚桂皮基；苯亚烯丙基cinnamal; cinnamylidene苯乙烯基；苏合香基cinnamenyl; styryl桂皮酰基cinnamoyl桂皮基；苯烯丙基cinnamyl柠康酰基citraconoyl松柏基coniferyl甲苯酚甲酰基cresotyl甲苯氧基cresoxy甲苯酚基cresyl伸苄基cresylene巴豆酰基crotonoyl; crotonyl亚巴豆基crotonylidene巴豆基crotyl亚茴香基；对异丙亚苄基；【草(之上)+久】亚甲基cumal; p-cuminylidene 【草(之上)+久】基；异丙苯基cumenyl; isopropylphenyl【草(之上)+久】胺基cumidino茴香基；对异丙苄基cuminyl亚茴香基cuminylidene茴香酰基；对异丙苯甲酰基cumoyl【草(之上)+久】基；异丙苯基cumyl; cumenyl环丁基cyclobutyl环己二烯基cyclohexadienyl亚环己二烯基cyclohexadienylidene环己基cyclohexyl亚环己基cyclohexylidene环戊烯基cyclopentenyl环戊基cyclopentyl环丙基cyclopropyl【草(之上)+散】基cymyl癸酰基decanoyl癸基decyl脱氧苯偶姻基；脱氧安息香基desyl; a-phenylphenacyl二乙酰胺基diacetylamino重氮基；偶氮基diazo; azo二甲苯甲酰基dimethylbenzoyl二苯亚甲基diphenyl methylene联伸苯基diphenylene二十二基dococyl二十二基docosyl十二酰基dodecanoyl十二基dodecyl三十二基dotriacontyl伸荰基；伸四甲苯基durylene二十基eicosyl庚酰基enanthoyl庚酰基enanthyl; heptanoyl环氧基；【口+咢】基epoxy乙烯基ethenyl; vinyl乙炔基ethinyl; ethynyl乙氧羰甲酰基；乙氧草酰基ethoxalyl乙氧羰基ethoxycarbonyl乙氧基ethoxyl; ethoxy乙氧苯基ethoxyphenyl乙基ethyl伸乙基ethylene伸乙二氧基ethylenedioxy亚乙基ethylidene次乙基ethylidyne次乙基ethylidyne乙炔基ethynyl; ethinyl; acetenyl伸乙炔基ethynylene2-呋喃甲酰基；糠酰基；焦黏酰基2-furoyl; pyromucyl 3-呋喃甲基3-furylmethyl茀基fluorenyl亚茀基fluorenylidene甲酰胺基formamido二苯甲【月+潜(之右)】基formazyl亚胺甲基formimino甲酰基；醛基formyl甲酰胺基formylamino甲酰亚胺基formylimino甲酰氧基formyloxy延胡索酰基；反丁烯二酰基fumaryl; fumaroyl呋咕基；呋吖基furazanyl糠基；2-呋喃甲基furfuryl2-呋喃亚甲基；亚糠基furfurylidene呋喃基furyl亚二氢呋喃基furylidene香叶[草]基geranyl葡[萄糖]苷基glucosyl麸酰胺酰基glutaminyl麸胺酰基glutamoyl戊二酰基glutaryl甘油酰基glyceroyl环氧丙基glycidyl羟乙酰基；乙醇酰基glycolyl甘胺酰基；胺乙酰基glycyl乙醛酰基glyoxyl; glyoxylyl愈创木基；邻甲氧苯基guaiacyl; o-methoxyphenyl 胍基guanidino胍基guanido甲脒基guanylα-麸胺酰基α-glutamylγ-麸胺酰基γ-glutamyl升胡椒基"homopiperonyl; 3十一基hendecyl; undecyl二十一基heneicosyl三十一基hentriacontyl十七酰基heptadecanoyl十七基heptadecyl庚酰基heptanoyl; enanthyl庚基；正庚基heptyl; n-heptyl六十基hexacontyl二十六基hexacosyl十六酰基；软脂酰基hexadecanoyl; palmityl 十六基hexadecyl六亚甲基hexamethylene己二酰基hexanedioyl己酰基hexanoyl己烯酰基hexenoyl亚己基hexylidene次己基hexylidyne马尿酰基；苯甲酰胺乙酰基hippuroyl; hippuryl 组胺酰基histidyl大风子酰基hydnocarpoyl大风子基hydnocarpyl2-苯丙酰基hydratropoyl环肼基hydrazi肼基hydrazino伸肼基；氢偶氮基hydrazo亚肼基hydrazono氢桂皮酰基hydrocinnamoyl羟亚胺基hydroximino羟基hydroxy; hydroxyl羟胺基hydroxyamino羟甲基hydroxymethyl3-亚吲哚啉基3-indolinylidene四氢咪唑基；咪唑啶基imidazolidinyl咪唑啶基；四氢咪唑基imidazolidyl咪唑啉基；二氢咪唑基imidazolinyl咪唑基imidazolyl亚胺基imido二氢茚基indanyl吲唑基indazolyl茚基indenyl吲哚啉基；二氢吲哚基indolinyl吲哚基indolyl吲哚基indyl二氧碘基iodoxy丙烯基isoallyl异戊氧基isoamoxy异戊基isoamyl伸异戊基isoamylene亚异戊基isoamylidene异【草(之上)+伯】基；异莰基isobornyl 异丁烯基isobutenyl异丁氧基isobutoxy异丁基isobutyl伸异丁基isobutylene亚异丁基isobutylidene次异丁基isobutylidyne异氰酸基isocyanato异氰基isocyano异己基isohexyl亚异己基isohexylidene次异己基isohexylidyne异二氢吲哚基；异吲哚啉基isoindolinyl异吲哚基isoindolyl异白胺酰基isoleucyl异硝基；酸硝基isonitro; aci-nitro异亚硝基；羟亚胺基isonitroso; oxyamino 异戊基isopentyl亚异戊基isopentylidene次异戊基isopentylidyne异戊氧基isopentyloxy异酞酰基；间苯二甲酰基isophthaloyl亚异酞基；间苯二亚甲基isophthalylidene 异平基isoprenyl异丙烯基isopropenyl异丙氧基isopropoxy异丙基isopropyl异丙苯甲酰基isopropylbenzoyl异丙苄基isopropylbenzyl异丙亚苄基isopropylbenzylidene亚异丙基isopropylidene异喹啉基isoquinolyl异硫氰酸基isothiocyano异戊酰基isovaleryl异【口+咢】唑基isoxazolyl酮基；侧氧基keto月桂酰基；十二酰基lauroyl月桂基；十二基lauryl; dodecyl白胺酰基leucyl沈香基linalyl顺丁烯二酰基maleoyl丙二酰基malonyl苹果酰基；羟丁二酰基maloyl苯乙醇酰基；苦杏仁酰基mandeloyl【草(之上)+孟】基menthyl巯基；氢硫基mercapto中康酰基mesaconoyl中草酰基mesoxalyl甲磺酰基mesyl; methanesulfonyl间胺苯磺酰基metanilyl甲基丙烯酰基methacryloyl甲基烯丙基methallyl; 2-methylallyl亚甲基methene; methylene次甲基methenyl; methylidyne; methine甲硫胺酰基methionyl甲氧草酰基methoxalyl甲氧基methoxy甲氧苯甲酰基；大茴香酰基methoxybenzoyl; anisoyl 甲氧羰基methoxycarbonyl甲氧苯基methoxyphenyl甲基methyl甲基丙烯酰基methylacryloyl甲苄基methylbenzyl亚甲基methylene次甲基methylidyneN-【口+末】啉基morpholino【口+末】啉基morpholinyl蜜蜡基；三十基myricyl; melissyl肉豆蔻酰基；十四酰基myristoyl肉豆蔻基；十四基myristylα-甲苄基α-methylbenzyl正己基n-hexyl正辛基n-octyl正十五基n-pentadecyl正戊基n-pentyl萘亚甲基naphthal; naphthylmethylene 萘二甲酰亚胺基naphthalimido萘次甲基naphthenyl萘氧基naphthoxy萘甲酰基naphthoyl萘甲酰氧基naphthoyloxy萘基naphthyl伸萘基naphthylene亚二氢萘基naphthylidene萘亚甲基naphthylmethylene萘次甲基naphthylmethylidyne萘氧基naphthyloxy新戊基neopentyl苨肉基neryl硝胺基nitramino氮基nitrilo硝基nitro亚硝胺基nitrosamino亚硝亚胺基nitrosimino二十九基nonacosyl十九基nonadecyl伸壬基nonamethylene壬二酰基nonanedioyl壬酰基nonanoyl壬基nonyl降莰基；降【草(之上)+伯】基norcamphanyl; norbornyl 3-邻苯醌基3-o-benzoquinonyl4-邻苯醌基4-o-benzoquinonyl柳基；邻羟苄基o-hydroxybenzyl; salicyl邻甲氧甲酰苯甲酰苯o-methoxycarbonyl-benzophenone 邻【草(之上)+叨】甲酰基；邻甲苯甲酰基o-toluoyl邻【草(之上)+叨】基；邻甲苯基o-tolyl二十八基octacosyl十八酰基；硬脂酰基octadecanoyl; stearoyl十八基octadecyl伸辛基octamethylene辛酰基octanoyl伸辛基octylene庚酰基oenanthyl; oenanthoyl; heptanoyl油酰基oleoyl鸟胺酰基ornithyl二甘氧基oxadiethyl酸草酰基oxalo草酰基oxalyl草酰胺基；乙二酰胺基oxamido草酰胺酰基oxamoyl; oxamyl【口+咢】【口+井】基oxazinyl【口+咢】唑啶基oxazolidinyl【口+咢】唑基oxazolyl侧氧基；酮基oxo; keto1-丙烯基1-propenyl1-丙炔基1-propynyl2-丙炔基；炔丙基2-propynyl; propargyl对苯醌基p-benzoquinonyl对甲氧苯胺基p-methoxyanilino; anisidino 对甲氧苄基；对甲氧苯甲基p-methoxybenzyl 对甲氧亚苄基p-methoxybenzylidene棕榈酰基；软脂酰基；十六酰基palmitoyl棕榈基；软脂基；十六基palmityl壬酰基pelargonyl五十基pentacontyl二十五基pentacosyl十五酰基pentadecanoyl十五基pentadecyl五亚甲基；伸戊基pentamethylene五唑基pentazolyl戊烯基pentenyl【口+叵】啶基perimidinyl苯甲酰甲基phenacyl苯甲酰亚甲基phenacylidene啡啶基；5-氮菲基phenanthridinyl菲基phenanthryl伸菲基phenanthrylene低苯基phenenyl苯乙基phenethyl乙氧苯基phenetyl苯氧基phenoxy苯乙酰基phenylacetyl苯胺甲酰胺基；苯脲基phenylcarbamido伸苯基phenylene伸苯双偶氮基phenylenebisazo亚环己二烯基phenylidene苯亚胺基phenylimino苯胺砜基；苯胺磺酰基phenylsulfamyl苯亚磺酰基phenylsulfinyl苯磺酰基phenylsulfonyl苯胺硫甲酰基phenylthiocarbamyl; phenylthiocarbamoyl 亚酞基phthalidylidene酞酰基；邻苯二甲酰基phthaloyl邻苯二亚甲基phthalylidene哌啶基piperidyl三甲基乙酰基pivalyl脯胺酰基prolyl炔丙基；2-丙炔基propargyl亚丙烯基propenylidene丙炔酰基；炔丙酰基propiolyl; propioloyl丙酰基propionyl丙氧基propoxy丙基propyl伸丙基propylene1-亚丙基propylidene假吲哚基pseudoindoyl吡唑啶基pyazolidyl; pyrazolidinyl哌喃基pyranyl吡【口+井】基pyrazinyl吡唑基pyrazolyl吡啶基pyridyl伸二氢吡啶基pyridylidene嘧啶基pyrimidinyl嘧啶基pyrimidyl糠酰基；2-呋喃甲酰基pyromucyl喹唑啉基quinazolinyl喹啉基；苯并吡啶基quinolyl苯醌基quinonyl; benzoquinonyl喹【口+咢】啉基quinoxalinyl【口+昆】啶基quinuclidinyl间苯二酚基resorcyl柳基；邻羟苄基salicyl; o-hydroxybenzy 亚柳基；邻羟亚苄基salicylidene柳酰基；邻羟苯甲酰基salicyloyl檀香基santalyl二级戊基sec-amyl二级丁氧基sec-butoxy二级丁基sec-butyl二级亚丁基sec-butylidene二级戊基sec-pentyl半卡肼基semicarbazido半卡腙基semicarbazono异戊烯酰基；二甲烯丙酰基senecioyl硅[烷]氧基siloxy硬脂酰基；十八酰基stearoyl苯乙烯基styryl; cinnamenyl环庚基suberyl琥珀酰胺酰基succinamoyl; succinamyl 琥珀酰亚胺基；丁二酰亚胺基succinimido磺胺基；对胺苯磺酰基sulfa-磺酸胺基sulfamino胺磺酰基sulfamoyl; sulfamyl磺胺基；对胺苯磺酰胺基sulfanilamido氢硫基；硫醇基；巯基sulfhydryl磺酸基sulfo磺酰胺基sulfonamido-磺酰基；砜基sulfonyl磺[酸基]苯基sulfophenyl4-四氢噻唑酮基4-thiazolidonyl羟丙二酰基；丙醇二酰基tartronoyl; tartronyl 牛[胆]磺酰基；胺乙磺酰基tauryl对苯二亚甲基terephthalal; terephthalyidene 对酞酰基；对苯二甲酰基terephthaloyl【草(之上)+孟】烯基terpinyl三级丁氧基tert-butoxy三级丁基tert-butyl三级戊基tert-pentyl四十基tetracontyl二十四基tetracosyl十四酰基；肉豆蔻酰基tetradecanoyl十四基tetradecyl四氢糠基；四氢呋喃甲基tetrahydrofurfuryl四氢萘基tetralyl四甲对伸苯基tetramethyl-p-phenylene伸丁基；四亚甲基tetramethylene四甲伸苯基tetramethylphenylene四唑基tetrazolyl; tetrazyl噻吩甲酰基thenoyl噻吩亚甲基thenylidene噻【口+井】基thiazinyl四氢噻唑基thiazolidinyl四氢噻唑基thiazolidyl噻唑基thiazolyl噻吩基thienyl硫基thio胺硫甲酰基thiocarbamoyl; thiocarbamyl硫羰基thiocarbonyl硫羰基thiono亚磺酰基；氧硫基thionyl亚硫酰基thionyl苯硫基thiophenyl硫[酮]基thioxo苏胺酰基threonyl【草(之上)+丢】基thujyl瑞香[草]基；3-对莳萝基；3-对【草(之上)+散】基thymyl; 3-p-cymyl邻【草(之上)+叨】氧基；邻甲苯氧基toloxy; tolyloxy; cresoxy甲苯磺酰基toluenesulfonyl; tosyl; tolylsulfonyl【草(之上)+叨】胺基；甲苯胺基toluidino; toluido; toluino【草(之上)+叨】甲酰基；甲苯甲酰基toluyl; toluoyl甲伸苯基tolylene【草(之上)+叨】氧基；甲苯氧基tolyloxy【草(之上)+叨】磺酰基；甲苯磺酰基tolylsulfonyl; tosyl; toluenesulfonyl 三十基；蜜蜡基triacontyl三氮烯基；胺偶氮基triazeno三【口+井】基triazinyl迭氮基triazo; azido三唑啶基triazolidinyl十三酰基tridecanoyl十三基tridecyl伸丙基trimethylene三苯甲基triphenylmethyl; trityl三苯硅基triphenylsilyl三苯甲基trityl颠茄醇酰基tropoyl【草(之上)+卓】基tropyl色胺酰基tryptophanyl酪胺酰基tyrosylα-【草(之上)+叨】甲酰基；苯乙酰基α-toluyl; phenylacetyl α-【草(之上)+叨】基；苄基α-tolyl; benzyl亚苄基；苯亚甲基α-tolylene; benzylidene; benzal十一酰基undecanoyl十一基undecyl脲基uramino; ureido; carbamido脲基ureido伸脲基ureylene戊酰基；缬草酰基valeryl异缬[草]胺酰基valyl香草酰基vanilloyl香草基vanillyl亚香草基vanillylidene亚藜芦基veraltrylidene; veratral亚藜芦基veratral; veratrylidene藜芦酰基veratroyl藜芦基veratryl乙烯基vinyl【口+山】基xanthenyl联苯基xenyl; biphenylyl茬胺基xylidino茬甲酰基xyloyl茬基；二甲苯基；甲苄基xylyl苯二甲基；伸茬基xylylene; phenylenedimethylene。
四羟基合锑
四羟基合锑（一）介绍四羟基合锑，又称四氢基合锑，是一种无机化合物，主要用于药物和农药制造，是一种非常有用的合成化合物。
它的化学式为TBA（锑-三氢基-羟基），它是一种黑色固体，有着极高的毒性和剧毒性。
它的安全性比普通的锑更高，所以常用于生物学和化学研究。
四羟基合锑具有优异的稳定性和抗氧化性，能有效抑制自由基的形成，从而对于抗癌、抗衰老等具有良好的保护作用。
四羟基合锑也可应用于药物，例如青霉素、阿米卡星等抗生素，也可用于抗病毒活性物质的合成。
（二）性质1、四羟基合锑是一种无机化合物，主要由三氢基合锑和羟基组成，其化学式为TBA（锑-三氢基-羟基），它是一种黑色的固体。
2、四羟基合锑具有优良的稳定性，抵抗氧化、抗氧化，能有效抑制自由基形成，在低温条件下也具有极佳的抗氧化性和稳定性。
3、它是一种非常有毒的化合物，通常在高浓度的情况下具有致癌性质。
如果在接触过程中不小心接触到，则应立即进行大量冲洗，以防止毒性物质进入体内，以防发生中毒。
（三）应用1、四羟基合锑可用于药物的制造，可用于抗生素、抗病毒活性物质的合成。
2、它的抗氧化性能极佳，可用于抗衰老和抗癌等医药产品的合成。
3、四羟基合锑还可以用于精细化学和有机合成法中。
4、它还可以用于农药及其他化工产品中，增强农药的杀虫效果并具有良好的抑菌作用。
（四）安全操作1、应穿防护服和防护眼镜进行操作，必要时还应配戴防毒面具；2、使用过程中避免接触皮肤和眼睛，如果不慎接触到应立即用清水冲洗；3、四羟基合锑一般用于低浓度，因此，操作时应注意谨慎，防止外散；4、使用完毕后，应将剩余物质丢弃，丢弃物应充分封闭，以免外散；5、在运输、存放四羟基合锑时，应注意防护，以防外散及中毒。
QuEChERS结合气相色谱-串联质谱法测定室内灰尘中的37种液晶单体化合物
第43 卷第 3 期2024 年3 月Vol.43 No.3405~412分析测试学报FENXI CESHI XUEBAO（Journal of Instrumental Analysis）QuEChERS结合气相色谱-串联质谱法测定室内灰尘中的37种液晶单体化合物李辉，施致雄*（首都医科大学公共卫生学院，北京100069）摘要：建立了一种简单易行且灵敏准确的测定室内灰尘中液晶单体化合物（Liquid crystal monomers，LCMs）的方法。
灰尘样品中加入13C-多氯联苯和13C-多溴联苯醚作为内标，采用二氯甲烷进行提取，萃取液加入无水硫酸钠后采用混合吸附剂（N-丙基乙二胺和十八烷基键合硅胶）净化，随后采用气相色谱-串联质谱在动态多反应监测（dMRM）模式下测定，内标法定量。
对仪器分析参数、提取溶剂和吸附剂进行了优化。
结果显示在优化条件下，37种液晶单体在0.1~50 ng/mL范围内线性良好，方法检出限为0.02~1.56 ng/g；在两加标水平下的平均回收率为65.3% ~ 137%，相对标准偏差（RSD）为0.90% ~ 24%。
通过对实际样本的检测，发现在北京所采集的室内灰尘中有22种LCMs的检出率在50%以上，表明室内环境已普遍存在LCMs污染。
该方法操作简单，溶剂消耗少，灵敏度和稳定性良好，可用于大规模室内环境污染监测。
关键词：液晶单体；灰尘；QuEChERS；气相色谱-串联质谱；新污染物中图分类号：O657.7；X132文献标识码：A 文章编号：1004-4957（2024）03-0405-08 Determination of 37 Liquid Crystal Monomers in Indoor Dust by Us⁃ing QuEChERS Coupled with Gas Chromatography-Tandem Mass SpectrometryLI Hui，SHI Zhi-xiong*（School of Public Health，Capital Medical University，Beijing 100069，China）Abstract：Liquid crystal monomers（LCMs） are a group of manmade chemicals used in display devic⁃es，while their wide use has caused environmental pollution and health risks. In this study，a sim⁃ple，sensitive and accurate analytical methodology was established for the determination of LCMs in indoor dust. For the sample pretreatment，dust samples were mixed with stable isotope substituted in⁃ternal standards（ISs），namely polychlorinated biphenyls（13C-PCBs）and polybrominated biphenyl ethers（13C-PBDEs），and then extracted by dichloromethane（DCM），and the supernatant was subse⁃quently transferred to another tube after centrifugation.With anhydrous sodium sulfate adding into the extracted solution，the solution was further purified by a mixture absorbent of primary secondary amine（PSA） and octadecyl-modified silica（C18）. Finally，37 LCMs were simultaneously tested on a gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry performed under dynamic multi-reaction monitoring mode（dMRM），and the internal standards were used for quantification.Instrumental parameters，the use of extraction solvents and absorbents were optimized. Under the best condition，the 37 LCMs exhibited good linearity in the range of 0.1-50 ng/mL，with a method detection limit of 0.02-1.56 ng/g. The average recoveries of the tested substances at two spiking levels was 65.3%-137%，with relative standard deviations（RSDs） of 0.90%-24%. Twenty real indoor dust samples collected in Bei⁃jing were tested. The contents of total LCMs in dust ranged from 38.9 to 125 ng/g，and the average contents of the individual LCMs were from 0.044 7 to 25.1 ng/g. Twenty-two LCMs out of the 37 tar⁃get LCMs presented relatively high detection frequency（higher than 50%），which indicated the ubiq⁃uity of LCMs in indoor environment in Beijing. With the spread of smart electronic devices，it is fore⁃seeable that the pollution of LCMs in indoor environment will be rather serious. The analytical method developed in our study presented multiple advantages including simple operation，low solvent con⁃doi：10.12452/j.fxcsxb.23110201收稿日期：2023－11－02；修回日期：2023－11－23基金项目：首都卫生发展科研专项（首发2022-2G-4264）406分析测试学报第 43 卷sumption，good sensitivity and stability，and it is suitable for large-scale indoor environmental pollu⁃tion monitoring.Key words：liquid crystal monomers（LCMs）；dust；QuEChERS；gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry；emerging pollutant液晶单体（LCMs）是一系列具有联苯基主链结构的小分子有机化合物，具有独特的光电效应，大量应用于智能电子产品的液晶显示屏中［1］。
四苯基卟啉基
四苯基卟啉基
四苯基卟啉基（Tetraphenylporphyrin）是一种有机化合物，属于卟啉类化合物。
它的分子结构由四个苯环与一个含有四个氮原子的卟啉环连接而成。
四苯基卟啉基是一种广泛应用于光谱学、化学传感和催化反应等领域的配合物。
它具有特殊的化学性质和光学性质，可用作金属离子的配体，形成稳定的配合物。
由于其分子结构中包含大量的芳香环，四苯基卟啉基也具有较强的吸收和发射光谱特性，因此在光学材料和荧光探针方面有广泛的应用。
四苯基卟啉基还具有良好的电子传输性能和催化活性，被广泛用于光电器件、化学传感器以及电化学催化反应中。
它在生物医学研究中也有一些应用，如光动力疗法和光敏剂的设计。
四苯基卟啉基是一种重要的有机化合物，具有多种应用领域，尤其在光谱学、化学传感和催化反应等方面具有广泛的研究和应用价值。
常用有机基团英文简写
常见英汉对照有机基名表acetamido CH3CONH─乙酰氨基acetenyl = ethynyl CH≡C─乙炔基acetoacetyl CH3COCH2CO─乙酰乙酰基；3—氧丁酰基acetonyl CH3COCH2─丙酮基；乙酰甲基acetonylidene CH3COCH= 亚丙酮基acetoxy CH3COO─乙酸基；乙酰氧基acetyl CH3CO─乙酰（基）acetylene ①CH≡CH 乙炔②=CHCH= 双亚乙基acryloyl CH2=CHCO─丙烯酰alkoxy RO─（R=烷基或烃基）烷氧基allyl CH2=CHCH2─烯丙基β−;allyl = isopropenyl CH2=C(CH3)─β−;烯丙基；异丙烯基allylidene CH2=CHCH= 亚烯丙基allyloxy CH2=CHCH2O─烯丙氧基amido H2N─[严格说来此项英文名只能用来表示酰基上的氨基，但是英文常与amino混用]氨基amino H2N─氨基amyl = pentyl CH3(CH2)4─戊基tert-amyl = 1,1−;dimethylpropyl CH3CH3C(CH3)2─特戊基azido N3─叠氮基azo ─N=N─偶氮基azoxy ─N(O)N─氧化偶氮基benzal = benzylidene 苯亚甲基benzamido C6H5CONH─苯甲酰氨基benzenesulfinyl（参阅phenyleulfinyl）C6H5SO─苯亚磺酰benzenesulfonamido C6H5SO2NH─苯磺酰氨基benzenesulfonyl C6H5SO2─苯磺酰benzhydryl = diphenylmethylene 二苯甲基benzhydrylidene = diphenylmethylene 二苯亚甲基benzofuryl = benzofuranyl 苯并呋喃基；氧茚基benzoxy = benzoyloxy苯甲酸基；苯甲酰氧基benzoyl C6H5CO─苯甲酰benzoylene ─C6H5CO─（o、m或p）亚苯甲酰基（邻、间或对）benzoyloxy C6H5COO─苯甲酸基；苯甲酰氧基benzyl C6H5CH2─苄基；苯甲基benzylidene C6H5CH= 苯亚甲基benzylidyne C6H5C≡次苄基benzyloxy C6H5CH2O─苄氧基benzylthio C6H5CH2S─苄硫基；苯甲硫基biphenylene ─C6H4C6H4─亚联苯基biphenylenebisazo ─N=NC6H4C6H4N=N─联苯重氮亚基biphenylylcarbonyl C6H5C6H4CO─联苯羰基biphenylyloxy C6H5C6H4O─联苯氧基bromo Br─溴butadienyl CH2=CHCH=CH─丁间二烯基；1，3─丁二烯基1─butenyl CH3CH2CH=CH─丁烯基；1─丁烯基2─butenyl CH3CH=CHCH2─丁邻烯基；2─丁烯基3─butenyl CH2=CH(CH2)2─丁间烯基；3─丁烯基2─butenylene─CH2CH=CHCH2─1，4─亚丁─2─烯基butenylidene CH3CH=CHCH= 亚丁─2─烯基butenylidyne CH3CH=CHC≡次丁─2─烯基butoxy CH3(CH2)2CH2O─丁氧基sec-butoxy C2H5CH(CH3)O─仲丁氧基tert-butoxy (CH3)3CH2O─叔丁氧基butyl CH3(CH2)2CH2─丁基sec-butyl C2H5CH(CH3)─仲丁基tert-butyl (CH3)3C─叔丁基butyryl CH3CH2CH2CO─丁酰caproyl = hexanoyl 己酰capryl = decanoyl 癸酰capryloyl = octanoyl 辛酰carbamyl = carbamoyl H2NCO─氨（基）甲酰carbomethoxy = methoxycarbonyl 甲酯基；甲氧羰基carbonyl OC= 羰基；碳酰carboxy HOOC─羧基chloro Cl─氯代；氯基chloroformyl ClCO─氯甲酰；氯羰基cinnamenyl = styryl 苯乙烯基cinnamyl C6H5CH=CHCH2─肉桂基cresoxy = tolyloxy 甲苯氧基（邻、间或对）cresyl = ar-hydroxytoly或指tolyl 甲苯基（邻、间或对）crotonyl = crotonoyl 巴豆酰基cyano N≡C─氰基cyclobutyl C4H7─环丁基cycloheptyl C7H13─环庚基2,4─cyclohexadienyl CH2CH=CHCH=CHCH─2，4-环己二烯基cyclohexenyl C6H9─（3种异构物）环己（邻、间、对）烯基cyclohexyl C6H11─环己基cyclopentadienyl C5H5─环戊二烯基cyclopentenyl C5H7─环戊烯基cyclopentyl C5H9─环戊基cyclopropyl C3H5─环丙基cystyl ─COCH(NH2)CH2SSCH2CH(NH2)CO─胱氨基decanoyl CH3(CH2)8CO─癸酰decyl CH3(CH2)8CH2─癸基diazo ─N=N─或 N=N=重氮基diazoamino ─N=NNH─重氮亚氨基diazonium (N≡N)─重氮（化）dimethylamino (CH3)2N─二甲氨基diphenylmethyl (C6H5)2CH─二苯甲基dithio ─SS─二硫代dodecyl ─CH3(CH2)10CH2─十二（烷）基dotriacontyl CH3(CH2)30CH2─三十二（烷）基cicosyl CH3(CH2)18CH2─二十烷基epithio ─S─环硫；表硫；桥硫基[联在已与其它原子依别种方法相联结的两个原子上] epoxy ─O─环氧；表氧；桥氧基[联在已与其它原子依别种方法相联结的两个原子上]ethene=ethylene ①乙烯②1，2-亚乙基ethenyl=ethylidyne或vinyl 乙烯基ethoxy C2H5O─乙氧基ethoxycarbonyl C2H5OOC─乙酯基；乙氧羰基ethoxyphenyl (C2H5O)C6H4─乙氧苯基ethyl CH3CH2─乙基ethylamino C2H5NH─乙胺基ethylene ─CH2CH2─①乙烯②1，2-乙基ethylenedioxy ─OCH2CH2O─亚乙二氧基ethylidene CH3CH= 亚乙基ethylidyne CH3C≡次乙基ethylthio CH3CH2S─乙硫基ethynyl CH≡C─乙炔基fluoto F─氟代formamido OHCNH─甲酰胺基formyl OHC─甲酰fomryloxy HCOO─甲酸基；甲酰氧基fumaryl ─COCH=CHCO─富马酰；（反式）丁二烯酰furyl OC4H3─呋喃基[两种异构物]geranyl C10H17─牦牛儿基glucosvl C6H11O5─葡（萄）糖基glyceryl ─CH2CHCH2─甘油基；丙三基glyoxylyl = glyoxyloyl 乙醛酰hendecyl = undecyl 十一（烷）基heneicosyl CH3(CH2)19CH2─二十一（烷）基hentriacontyl CH3(CH2)29CH2─三十一（烷）基heptacosyl CH3(CH2)25CH2─二十七（烷）基heptadecanoyl CH3(CH2)15CO─十七（烷）酰heptadecyl CH3(CH2)15CH2─十七（烷）基heptanoyl CH3(CH2)5CO2─庚酰heptyl CH3(CH2)5CH2─庚基hexacontyl CH3(CH2)58CH2─六十（烷）基hexacosyl CH3(CH2)24CH2─二十六（烷）基hexadecanoyl CH3(CH2)14CO─十六（烷）酰hexadecyl CH3(CH2)14CH2─十六（烷）基hexamethylene ─CH2(CH2)4CH2─六亚甲基；1.6-亚己基hexanoyl CH3(CH2)4CO─己酰hexyl CH3(CH2)4CH2─己基hexylidene CH3(CH2)5CH= 亚己基histidyl N2C3H3CH2CH(NH2)CO─组氨酰hydrazino H2NNH─肼基；联氨基hydrazo ─NHNH─1，2-亚肼基hydrazono H2NN= 亚肼基；亚联氨基hydroxamino = hydroxyamino 羟氨基hydroximino = hydroxyimino 肟基hydroxy HO─羟基hydroxyamino HONH─羟氨基hydroxymethyl HOCH2─羟甲基-idene 亚[加于任何一个基名之前，表示在联结处为双键] iodo I─碘代isoamyl = isopentyl 异戊基isobutenyl = 2-methylpropenyl 异丁烯基；2-甲基丙烯基isobutoxy (CH3)2CHCH2O─异丁氧基原名作取代基作官能团烷烃：hydrocarbon alkyl烯烃：alkenes alkenyl炔烃：alkynes alkynyl卤代烃：alkyl halides氟：fluorine fluoro氯：chlorine chloro溴：bromine bromo碘：iodine iodo酚：pehnols hydroxy -ol醇：alcohols hydroxy -ol醚：ethers R-oxy -ether胺：amines amino -amine醛：aldehydes R-oxycarbonyl -al/-carbaldenhyde酮：ketones R-oxycarbonyl -one羟酸：carboxylic acid carboxy -carboxylicacacid(含碳) -oicacid(不含碳)酰卤：actyl halides halocarbonyl -harboxylhalide(含碳) -oylhalide(不含碳)酸酐：acidanhydrogrides酯：esters R-oxycarbonyl -caronylate(含碳)-oate(不含碳)腈：nitriles cyano -carboxamide(含碳)-mitrile(不含碳)酰胺：amides carbamoyl -carboxamide(含碳)-amide(不含碳)硝基：nitro烷烯炔甲：methane methene methyne 乙：ethane ethene ethyne丙：propane propene propyne 丁：butane butene butyne戊：pentane pentene pentyne 己：hexane hexene hexyne 庚：heptane heptene heptyne 辛：octane octene octyne壬：nonane nonene nonyne 癸：decane decene decyne作取代基时：词尾改为-yl.连苯：biphenyl萘：naphthalene联萘：binaphthalene蒽：anthrancene菲：phenanthrene芘：pyrene甲苯：toluene二甲苯：邻：O-xylene间：m-xylene对：p-xylene苯乙烯：styrene苯胺：aniline苯酚：phenol苯甲醛：benzaldehyde苯磺酸：benzene sulfonic acid 苯甲酸：benzoic acid呋喃：furan噻吩：thiophene吡唑：pyrazole咪唑：midazole噁唑：oxazole吡啶：pyridine哒嗪：pyrimidine吡嗪：pyrazine吡喃：pyran吲哚：indole喹啉：quinoline有机物英文前后缀-acetal 醛缩醇acetal- 乙酰acid 酸-al 醛alcohol 醇-aldehyde 醛alkali- 碱allyl 丙烯基alkoxy- 烷氧基-amide 酰胺amino- 氨基的-amidine 脒-amine 胺-ane 烷anhydride 酐anilino- 苯胺基aquo- 含水的-ase 酶-ate 含氧酸的盐、酯-atriyne 三炔azo- 偶氮benzene 苯bi- 在盐类前表示酸式盐bis- 双-borane 硼烷bromo- 溴butyl 丁基-carbinol 甲醇carbonyl 羰基-caboxylic acid 羧酸centi- 10-2 chloro- 氯代cis- 顺式condensed 缩合的、冷凝的cyclo- 环deca- 十deci 10-1 -dine 啶dodeca- 十二-ene 烯epi- 表epoxy- 环氧-ester 酯-ether 醚ethoxy- 乙氧基ethyl 乙基fluoro- 氟代-form 仿-glycol 二醇hemi- 半hendeca- 十一hepta- 七heptadeca- 十七hexa- 六hexadeca- 十六-hydrin 醇hydro- 氢或水 hydroxyl 羟基hypo- 低级的，次-ic 酸的，高价金属-ide 无氧酸的盐，酰替…胺，酐-il 偶酰-imine 亚胺iodo- 碘代iso- 异，等，同-ite 亚酸盐keto- 酮ketone 酮-lactone 内酯mega- 106百万, 大meta- 间，偏methoxy- 甲氧基methyl 甲基micro- 10-6极微小milli- 10-3 mono- ( mon-) 一，单nano- 10-9 nitro- 硝基nitroso- 亚硝基nona- 九nonadeca- 十九octa- 八octadeca- 十八-oic 酸的-ol 醇-one 酮ortho- 邻，正，原-ous 亚酸的，低价金属oxa- 氧杂-oxide 氧化合物-oxime 肟oxo- 酮oxy- 氧化-oyl 酰para- 对位，仲penta- 五pentadeca- 十五per- 高，过petro- 石油phenol 苯酚phenyl 苯基pico- 10-12 poly- 聚，多quadri- 四quinque- 五semi- 半septi- 七sesqui 一个半sexi- 六sulfa- 磺胺sym- 对称syn- 顺式，同，共ter- 三tetra- 四tetradeca- 十四tetrakis- 四个thio- 硫代trans- 反式，超，跨tri- 三trideca- 十三tris- 三个undeca- 十一uni- 单，一unsym- 不对称的，偏位-yl 基-ylene 撑(二价基，价在不同原子上) -yne 炔。
反复分批式反应提高磷脂酰丝氨酸的生产能力
CHEMICAL INDUSTRY AND ENGINEERING PROGRESS 2016年第35卷第4期·1180·化工进展反复分批式反应提高磷脂酰丝氨酸的生产能力封娟娟1，朱南南1，邓杨敏1，韩晓玲2，张小里1，赵彬侠1（1西北大学化工学院，陕西西安 710069；2西安力邦制药有限公司，陕西西安 710075）摘要：磷脂酶D（PLD）催化大豆磷脂合成磷脂酰丝氨酸（PS）反应是在油-水两相体系中进行的，大豆磷脂（PC）溶于有机相中，L-丝氨酸溶于水相中，但反应过程中产生副产物——胆碱，抑制酶的催化反应速率，需及时移除胆碱。
本文主要采用反复分批式反应来解决这一问题。
并考察了增大底物PC的浓度，PS的收率大大降低。
低底物PC浓度下，添加不同浓度胆碱，转酯速率及PS收率都降低；高底物PC浓度下，采用反复分批式反应去除胆碱，转酯反应速率提高38%，PS收率达67%。
研究表明反复分批式操作是一种生产磷脂的新型工艺，其中PS的生产能力明显提高，而且重复10次反应后，固定化酶活力仍保持58%，纳米SiO2固定化磷脂酶D较好地适用于反复分批式反应。
关键词：磷脂酰丝氨酸；固定化磷脂酶D ；反复分批式反应；胆碱中图分类号：TQ 463 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1000–6613（2016）04–1180–04DOI：10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2016.04.034Increasing productivity of phosphatidyserine by repeated batch reaction FENG Juanjuan1，ZHU Nannan1，DENG Yangmin1，HAN Xiaoling2，ZHANG Xiaoli1，ZHAO Binxia1（1College of Chemical Engineering，Northwest University，Xi’an 710069，Shaanxi，China; 2Xi’an LIBANGPharmaceutical Company Limited，Xi’an 710075，Shaanxi，China）Abstract：The synthetic reaction of phosphatidyserine from soybean lecithin catalyzed by immobilized phospholipase D was carried out in oil-water two phase system，with PC and L-serine rich in oil and water phase，respectively. However，the by-product choline restrains the enzyme-catalyzed reaction rate and should be removed in time. In order to solve this problem，we adopted the repeated batch reaction.Increasing the substrate (PC) concentration decreased the yield of PS greatly. When various concentrations of choline chloride were added into the reaction mixture at low PC concentrations，there was a significant decrease in transphosphatidylation rate and the yield of PS. The using of repeated batch reaction was examined at high PC concentration to remove choline，the transphosphatidylation rate increased by 38%，and PS yield was 67%. The paper reported that the repeated batch operation is a novel technology for the synthesis of phosphlipid and increased the productivity of PS significantly.And the immobilized enzyme activity remained 58% after ten batches and nano-SiO2-immobilized-PLD was suitable for repeated batch reaction.Key words：phosphatidyserine; immobilized phospholipase D; repeated batch reaction; choline磷脂酰丝氨酸（phosphatidyiserine，简称PS)是一种稀有磷脂，虽然在人体内数量极其稀少但功能显著，具有提高大脑机能、集中注意力、改善记忆力、缓解压力、促进用脑疲劳的恢复、平衡情绪、修复大脑损伤等功效[1]。
专业英语第三章有机物命名
2,3,3-trimetylhexane
2,3,3-三甲基己烷
4. Cyclic alkanes
Cyclic alkanes are simply prefixed with "cyclo-",
Cyclopropane
Cyclobutane
Cyclopentane
Cyclohexane
bonds
2. Identify the parent functional group, if any, with the highest order of precedence.
3. Identify the side-chains.
4. Identify the remaining functional groups, if any, and name them by the name of their ions .
H3C
CH3
CH
CH2
iso-butyl 异丁基
CH3 H3C C CH3
CH3
CH3 CH2
iso-pentyl 异戊基
CH3 H3C C CH2CH3
sec-butyl 仲丁基
tert-butyl 叔丁基
tert-pentyl 叔戊基
n: normal; sec: secondary (仲）; tert: tertiary （叔）
Dopentacontane 五十二烷 Hexapentacontane 五十六烷 Tetrapentacontane 五十四烷
一百烷 hectane 一百三十二烷 dotricontahectane
2. alkyls(烷基)
3.1 Nomenclatures of Organic Compounds Hydrocarbons
2第2页共91页试验报告编号：农业微生物研究中心[2010-04-19
编号：农业微生物研究中心[2010-04-19], 共 9页承担单位：福建省农科院农业生物资源所 课题编号： 课题名称： 课题负责： 子课题名： 子课题号： 子课题人： 子项目名：试验项目：微生物发酵床第一批样品的SPME-GC/MSD 检测(二) 试验人员：陈峥，蓝江林 试验负责：陈峥，刘波 报告日期：2010-08-25 计数月份：2010年8月福建省农业科学院农业生物资源研究所农业微生物研究中心电话**************,传真************** 附录谱库检索报告数据路径 : F:\GC,GC-MS\DATA\zen\lan\数据文件 : LAN1-1.D采集 : 7 Sep 2010 11:00操作者 :样品 :其他 :ALS 样品瓶: 4 样品乘积因子：1检索库： C:\Database\NIST05.L 最小质量： 0未知谱图：顶点积分事件：化学工作站积分器 - events.e峰# R.T. 面积% 库/ID 参比# CAS# 质量_____________________________________________________________________________ 1 13.428 0.20 C:\Database\NIST05.LCyclopentasiloxane, decamethyl- 161015 000541-02-6 91Cyclopentasiloxane, decamethyl- 161016 000541-02-6 91Cyclopentasiloxane, decamethyl- 161017 000541-02-6 762 14.744 0.03 C:\Database\NIST05.LDecanal 27022 000112-31-2 87Decanal 27021 000112-31-2 72Decanal 27023 000112-31-2 643 17.605 0.56 C:\Database\NIST05.LCyclohexasiloxane, dodecamethyl- 179152 000540-97-6 91Cyclohexasiloxane, dodecamethyl- 179153 000540-97-6 58Cyclohexasiloxane, dodecamethyl- 179151 000540-97-6 384 20.775 0.06 C:\Database\NIST05.Lmbda.(6)-thieno[3,4- 116834 1000303-88-9 50 b]pyrrol-2-one, 1-(2-morpholin-4-ylethyl)-5,5-dioxo-1,4-Bis(morpholinoacetyl)piperazin 147512 022764-36-9 39 Acetamide, 2-(4-morpholyl)-N-(2-et 132770 297759-57-0 39 hyl-3-methyl-4-quinolinyl)-5 20.890 0.02 C:\Database\NIST05.LEthanone, 1-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-2, 71257 071596-88-8 53 8,8-trimethyl-4H-cyclohepta[b]furan-5-yl)-Acetone, N2-(4-hydroxy-6-methylpyr 43533 066680-04-4 35 imidin-2-yl)hydrazone3',5'-Dimethoxyacetophenone 42656 039151-19-4 306 21.399 1.11 C:\Database\NIST05.LCycloheptasiloxane, tetradecamethy 185541 000107-50-6 93 l-N-Benzyl-N-ethyl-p-isopropylbenzam 112663 015089-22-2 38 idePentasiloxane, dodecamethyl- 166194 000141-63-9 237 21.805 0.32 C:\Database\NIST05.LButylated Hydroxytoluene 71368 000128-37-0 97 Butylated Hydroxytoluene 71370 000128-37-0 96 Butylated Hydroxytoluene 71369 000128-37-0 948 23.430 0.03 C:\Database\NIST05.LHexadecane 76093 000544-76-3 96 Hexadecane 76091 000544-76-3 95 Hexadecane 76088 000544-76-3 819 24.288 0.31 C:\Database\NIST05.L2,6-Bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-(1-ox 100126 014035-34-8 90 opropyl)phenol2,6-Bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-(1-ox 100127 014035-34-8 87 opropyl)phenolPhenol, 2,6-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl) 100203 017540-75-9 64 -4-(1-methylpropyl)-10 24.351 0.08 C:\Database\NIST05.L2-Trifluoromethylbenzoic acid, 2-o 125902 1000282-64-8 43 ctyl ester4-Trifluoromethylbenzoic acid, 6-e 142337 1000280-03-4 40thyl-3-octyl ester2-Trifluoromethylbenzoic acid, 2-e 124690 1000282-64-9 38 thylcyclohexyl ester11 24.786 0.23 C:\Database\NIST05.L3,4-Dihydroxymandelic acid, ethyl 176762 1000071-70-2 38 ester, tri-TMS1,3,5,7-Tetraethyl-1-ethylbutoxysi 178859 073420-30-1 38 loxycyclotetrasiloxaneSilane, [[4-[1,2-bis[(trimethylsil 180822 056114-62-6 35 yl)oxy]ethyl]-1,2-phenylene]bis(oxy)]bis[trimethyl-12 24.952 0.30 C:\Database\NIST05.Lmbda.(6)-thieno[3,4- 116834 1000303-88-9 64 b]pyrrol-2-one, 1-(2-morpholin-4-ylethyl)-5,5-dioxo-Imidazole, 5-fluoro-4-methyl- 3525 041367-01-5 50 Morpholine, 4-octadecyl- 147339 016528-77-1 5013 25.358 0.10 C:\Database\NIST05.LHeptadecane 85525 000629-78-7 96 Heptadecane 85523 000629-78-7 96 Heptadecane 85524 000629-78-7 9314 25.473 0.07 C:\Database\NIST05.LPentadecane, 2,6,10,14-tetramethyl 104288 001921-70-6 93 Pentadecane, 2,6,10,14-tetramethyl 104287 001921-70-6 92 7-Methyl-octadecane 104274 1000192-63-3 9015 25.582 0.28 C:\Database\NIST05.LThiophene, 2-decyl- 74369 024769-39-9 47 Allyldimethyl(prop-1-ynyl)silane 16878 1000281-75-1 47 2H-Tetrazole, 5-(thiophen-2-yl)met 33746 1000315-87-7 46 hyl-16 25.742 0.04 C:\Database\NIST05.L1,1'-Biphenyl, 2,2',5,5'-tetrameth 64482 003075-84-1 86 yl-2-(p-Tolylmethyl)-p-xylene 64473 000721-45-9 53 (4-Acetylphenyl)phenylmethane 64422 000782-92-3 4617 26.171 0.02 C:\Database\NIST05.LNonahexacontanoic acid 190763 040710-32-5 76Hexadecane, 1,1'-oxybis- 181759 004113-12-6 68 Sulfurous acid, butyl hexadecyl es 158000 1000309-18-3 68 ter18 26.531 0.04 C:\Database\NIST05.LCyclohexane, (1-octylnonyl)- 138127 055124-77-1 58 Cyclohexane, (1-octylnonyl)- 138129 055124-77-1 58 Cyclohexane, 1,1'-(2-methyl-1,3-pr 73082 002883-08-1 50 opanediyl)bis-19 26.680 0.03 C:\Database\NIST05.LTetrapentacontane, 1,54-dibromo- 190704 1000156-09-4 70 Nonahexacontanoic acid 190763 040710-32-5 60 Sulfurous acid, butyl octadecyl es 168427 1000309-18-5 45 ter20 26.772 0.04 C:\Database\NIST05.L1-Propanone, 1-(3-chlorophenyl)-2- 84435 034911-55-2 38 ((1,1-dimethylethyl)amino)-Nona-2,3-dienoic acid, ethyl ester 44341 1000187-19-2 38 2-Isothiocyano-2,4,4,6,6-pentameth 76492 1000293-28-0 30 ylheptane21 27.189 0.20 C:\Database\NIST05.LOctadecane 94931 000593-45-3 98 Octadecane 94930 000593-45-3 97 Octacosane 169720 000630-02-4 9122 27.270 0.02 C:\Database\NIST05.L1-Bromo-11-iodoundecane 156814 139123-69-6 58 1-Decanol, 2-hexyl- 86863 002425-77-6 53 Bromoacetic acid, octadecyl ester 168348 018992-03-5 4923 27.367 0.13 C:\Database\NIST05.LHexadecane, 2,6,10,14-tetramethyl- 113507 000638-36-8 98 Pentadecane, 2,6,10,14-tetramethyl 104288 001921-70-6 90 Pentadecane, 2,6,10,14-tetramethyl 104287 001921-70-6 8724 27.659 0.09 C:\Database\NIST05.LIsopropyl Myristate 105616 000110-27-0 43 1-Octadecene 93544 000112-88-9 25 2-Piperidinone, N-[4-bromo-n-butyl 80594 195194-80-0 25 ]-25 27.722 0.05 C:\Database\NIST05.L1,1,1,5,7,7,7-Heptamethyl-3,3-bis( 179156 038147-00-1 37 trimethylsiloxy)tetrasiloxane4-(1,1-Dimethyl-propyl)-2,6-bis-th 155363 1000300-29-4 14 iophen-2-ylmethylene-cyclohexanoneDecane, 1,2-dibromo- 123015 028467-71-2 1426 27.882 0.08 C:\Database\NIST05.LThiazolo[5,4-f]quinoline, 2,7-dime 66966 003119-51-5 30 thyl-Thiazolo[5,4-f]quinoline, 2,9-dime 66964 003120-85-2 30 thyl-Thiazolo[4,5-f]quinoline, 2,9-dime 66965 003121-14-0 30 thyl-27 27.928 0.03 C:\Database\NIST05.LTetrapentacontane, 1,54-dibromo- 190704 1000156-09-4 76 Nonahexacontanoic acid 190763 040710-32-5 58 Phosphorous acid, tris(decyl) este 184649 002929-86-4 4528 27.945 0.05 C:\Database\NIST05.LOxalic acid, dodecyl isobutyl este 133340 1000309-37-7 53 Dodecane, 2,5-dimethyl- 55991 056292-65-0 50 Dodecane, 2-methyl- 46106 001560-97-0 4629 28.208 0.07 C:\Database\NIST05.LOctadecane 94931 000593-45-3 78 2-Dodecen-1-yl(-)succinic anhydrid 102622 019780-11-1 50 Octadecane 94928 000593-45-3 4730 28.300 0.05 C:\Database\NIST05.LTetrapentacontane, 1,54-dibromo- 190704 1000156-09-4 70 Nonadecane 104270 000629-92-5 68 Nonahexacontanoic acid 190763 040710-32-5 6031 28.385 0.08 C:\Database\NIST05.L1,19-Eicosadiene 110850 014811-95-1 55 Cyclohexene, 4-(4-ethylcyclohexyl) 100231 301643-32-3 46 -1-pentyl-8-Azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane, 8-methy 66444 046320-09-6 45 l-3-[(trimethylsilyl)oxy]-, endo-32 28.454 0.05 C:\Database\NIST05.LNonadecane 104270 000629-92-5 781-Nonadecene 102859 018435-45-5 53 3-Heptadecene, (Z)- 84042 1000141-67-3 4533 28.511 0.11 C:\Database\NIST05.L1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, buty 110593 017851-53-5 93 l 2-methylpropyl ester1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, bis( 110588 000084-69-5 87 2-methylpropyl) esterPhthalic acid, isobutyl octadecyl 182510 1000309-06-1 86 ester34 28.614 0.08 C:\Database\NIST05.L1-Nonadecene 102858 018435-45-5 90 2-Dodecen-1-yl(-)succinic anhydrid 102622 019780-11-1 86 1-Pentadecanethiol 88046 025276-70-4 7035 28.717 1.06 C:\Database\NIST05.LMorpholine, 4-octadecyl- 147339 016528-77-1 64 N,N-Diethyl-1-oxaspiro[4.4]nonan-2 84449 142183-72-0 59 -one-4-carboxamide1-[4-(2-Hydroxy-3-morpholin-4-ylpr 170074 1000311-50-0 39 opoxy)phenoxy]-3-morpholin-4-ylpropan-2-ol36 28.809 0.08 C:\Database\NIST05.LNonahexacontanoic acid 190763 040710-32-5 45 Tetrapentacontane, 1,54-dibromo- 190704 1000156-09-4 45 Eicosane 113492 000112-95-8 3837 28.935 0.17 C:\Database\NIST05.LHeptadecane 85524 000629-78-7 95 Nonadecane 104272 000629-92-5 95 Heptadecane 85525 000629-78-7 9438 29.038 0.24 C:\Database\NIST05.L1-Hexadecanamine, N,N-dimethyl- 104879 000112-69-6 72 Stearyltrimethylammonium chloride 151304 000112-03-8 64 2-Butanone, 4-(dimethylamino)-3-me 12597 022104-62-7 64 thyl-39 29.146 0.08 C:\Database\NIST05.L9-Methyl-Z-10-tetradecen-1-ol acet 104145 1000130-99-4 45 ate1-Nonadecene 102860 018435-45-5 421-Hexadecanesulfonyl chloride 138845 038775-38-1 4140 29.398 0.14 C:\Database\NIST05.LHexadecanoic acid, methyl ester 105645 000112-39-0 64 Pentadecanoic acid, 14-methyl-, me 105659 005129-60-2 55 thyl esterHexadecanoic acid, methyl ester 105646 000112-39-0 4641 29.621 0.09 C:\Database\NIST05.LNonadecane 104270 000629-92-5 93 Tetrapentacontane, 1,54-dibromo- 190704 1000156-09-4 70 Nonahexacontanoic acid 190763 040710-32-5 5342 29.902 0.09 C:\Database\NIST05.LSclaral (sclareolide lactol) 93430 052811-62-8 94 Cyclotetradecane, 1,7,11-trimethyl 112116 001786-12-5 78 -4-(1-methylethyl)-Octadecane 94931 000593-45-3 6843 29.993 0.08 C:\Database\NIST05.LEicosane 113491 000112-95-8 64 Tetrapentacontane, 1,54-dibromo- 190704 1000156-09-4 55 Hexadecane, 2,6,10,14-tetramethyl- 113503 000638-36-8 5244 30.108 0.31 C:\Database\NIST05.LDibutyl phthalate 110572 000084-74-2 87 Dibutyl phthalate 110571 000084-74-2 87 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, buty 144824 000085-69-8 80 l 2-ethylhexyl ester45 30.296 0.04 C:\Database\NIST05.L2-Piperidinone, N-[4-bromo-n-butyl 80594 195194-80-0 50 ]-Oxalic acid, isobutyl octadecyl es 170757 1000309-38-3 50 terCyclohexane, 1,2,4,5-tetraethyl- 54554 061142-00-5 4646 30.588 0.15 C:\Database\NIST05.LEicosane 113492 000112-95-8 98 Nonadecane 104270 000629-92-5 96 Eicosane 113491 000112-95-8 9547 30.863 0.09 C:\Database\NIST05.LZ-(13,14-Epoxy)tetradec-11-en-1-ol 104033 1000131-33-2 58acetateE-8-Methyl-9-tetradecen-1-ol aceta 104138 1000130-81-4 42 te3-Eicosene, (E)- 112107 074685-33-9 4148 31.006 0.19 C:\Database\NIST05.LIsopropyl Palmitate 123689 000142-91-6 58 Benz[c]acridine, 7,8-dimethyl- 96905 003518-01-2 35 Isopropyl Palmitate 123691 000142-91-6 3549 31.223 0.11 C:\Database\NIST05.LCyclotetradecane, 1,7,11-trimethyl 112115 001786-12-5 93 -4-(1-methylethyl)-Eicosane 113491 000112-95-8 83 Eicosane 113492 000112-95-8 8350 31.401 0.07 C:\Database\NIST05.L13-Tetradecen-1-ol acetate 94752 056221-91-1 46 2(1H)-Naphthalenone, octahydro-4a- 62989 054594-42-2 45 methyl-7-(1-methylethyl)-, (4a.alpha.,7.beta.,8a.beta.)-E-8-Methyl-9-tetradecen-1-ol aceta 104138 1000130-81-4 42 te51 31.521 0.08 C:\Database\NIST05.LMethanesulfonic acid, 2,7-dioxatri 81422 075568-59-1 49 cyclo[4.3.1.0(3,8)]dec-5-yl esterCyclohexane, 1,2,4,5-tetraethyl- 54554 061142-00-5 49 7-Heptadecene, 17-chloro- 106962 056554-79-1 4652 31.601 0.10 C:\Database\NIST05.L1,2-Benzisothiazole, 3-(hexahydro- 101019 309735-29-3 91 1H-azepin-1-yl)-, 1,1-dioxideCyclotetradecane, 1,7,11-trimethyl 112116 001786-12-5 70 -4-(1-methylethyl)-Nonadecane 104270 000629-92-5 6453 31.750 0.08 C:\Database\NIST05.LOctadecane, 1-chloro- 117265 003386-33-2 49 1H-Indene, 5-butyl-6-hexyloctahydr 101522 055044-36-5 43 o-17-Pentatriacontene 183897 006971-40-0 38 54 31.824 0.15 C:\Database\NIST05.LOctadecane, 1-(ethenyloxy)- 122415 000930-02-9 45 Eicosane, 9-cyclohexyl- 159042 004443-61-2 41 1,19-Eicosadiene 110850 014811-95-1 3555 31.956 0.15 C:\Database\NIST05.L13-Tetradecen-1-ol acetate 94752 056221-91-1 47 17-Pentatriacontene 183898 006971-40-0 38 1-Hexadecene 74521 000629-73-2 3556 31.996 0.11 C:\Database\NIST05.LCyclohexane, 1-(1,5-dimethylhexyl) 112117 056009-20-2 44 -4-(4-methylpentyl)-Silane, [bicyclo[4.2.0]octa-3,7-di 113018 036461-33-3 38 ene-7,8-diylbis(oxy)]bis[trimethylOct-2-enoic acid, 2-(trimethylsily 125738 056272-73-2 20 l)oxy-, trimethylsilyl ester57 32.128 0.41 C:\Database\NIST05.LUndecanoic acid propyl ester, 10-h 141857 1000303-32-0 72 ydroxy-11-morpholin-4-yl-2-(E)-Hexenoic acid, (4S)-amino-5- 19537 267008-79-7 64 methyl-Morpholine, 4-octadecyl- 147339 016528-77-1 6458 32.179 0.17 C:\Database\NIST05.LEicosane 113492 000112-95-8 95 Heneicosane 122435 000629-94-7 95 Octadecane 94931 000593-45-3 9559 32.740 0.11 C:\Database\NIST05.LCyclononasiloxane, octadecamethyl- 189576 000556-71-8 46 Hexasiloxane, tetradecamethyl- 180792 000107-52-8 46 Cyclodecasiloxane, eicosamethyl- 190220 018772-36-6 2260 33.306 0.04 C:\Database\NIST05.L10-Heneicosene (c,t) 121168 095008-11-0 47 1H-Indene, 5-butyl-6-hexyloctahydr 101522 055044-36-5 44 o-Heneicosane, 11-cyclopentyl- 159052 006703-81-7 3861 33.409 0.02 C:\Database\NIST05.LTridecane, 7-cyclohexyl- 102873 013151-92-3 64 Cyclotetradecane, 1,7,11-trimethyl 112116 001786-12-5 64 -4-(1-methylethyl)-1,3,5-tris(cyclohexyl)pent-1-ene 134828 1000214-96-9 6062 33.444 0.02 C:\Database\NIST05.L3-Buten-2-one, 4-(3-hydroxy-6,6-di 62871 1000142-31-3 50 methyl-2-methylenecyclohexyl)-Cyclohexane, 1-(1,5-dimethylhexyl) 112117 056009-20-2 47 -4-(4-methylpentyl)-8-(2-Nitrophenoxy)octan-1-ol 103198 167685-26-9 3863 33.695 0.23 C:\Database\NIST05.LDocosane 131157 000629-97-0 98 Heptadecane 85524 000629-78-7 96 Nonadecane, 9-methyl- 113498 013287-24-6 9564 33.827 0.03 C:\Database\NIST05.L1,2-Benzisothiazole, 3-(hexahydro- 101019 309735-29-3 91 1H-azepin-1-yl)-, 1,1-dioxide1,2-Cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid, 134280 106450-30-0 44 bis(trimethylsilyl) esterCyclohexane, 1-(1,5-dimethylhexyl) 112117 056009-20-2 35 -4-(4-methylpentyl)-65 33.884 0.02 C:\Database\NIST05.L3-Buten-2-one, 4-(3-hydroxy-6,6-di 62871 1000142-31-3 51 methyl-2-methylenecyclohexyl)-3,7,11,15-Tetramethyl-hexadecanol, 161499 078695-20-2 38 trimethylsilyl ether1H-Indene, 5-butyl-6-hexyloctahydr 101522 055044-36-5 35 o-66 34.496 1.38 C:\Database\NIST05.LHexasiloxane, tetradecamethyl- 180792 000107-52-8 59 Tris(trimethylsilyl)borate 110953 004325-85-3 43 Trisiloxane, 1,1,1,5,5,5-hexamethy 166198 003555-47-3 38 l-3,3-bis[(trimethylsilyl)oxy]-67 34.531 0.65 C:\Database\NIST05.LHexasiloxane, tetradecamethyl- 180792 000107-52-8 45 Tris(trimethylsilyl)borate 110953 004325-85-3 43 Heptasiloxane, hexadecamethyl- 186164 000541-01-5 4068 34.908 0.17 C:\Database\NIST05.LCyclononasiloxane, octadecamethyl- 189576 000556-71-8 87 Hexasiloxane, tetradecamethyl- 180792 000107-52-8 38Benzoic acid, 2,4-bis[(trimethylsi 161138 010586-16-0 18 lyl)oxy]-, trimethylsilyl ester69 35.154 0.50 C:\Database\NIST05.LOctadecane 94931 000593-45-3 97 Octacosane 169720 000630-02-4 95 Heptadecane, 3-methyl- 94934 006418-44-6 9170 35.229 0.08 C:\Database\NIST05.L2-(N-Morpholinyl)ethylphosphine 21545 161944-94-1 53 Benzothiophene-2-carboxylic acid, 165383 1000260-55-7 50 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-7-hydroximino-3-[2-(4-morpholyl)-1-oxoethylamino]-, ethyl esterMorpholin-4-yl-acetic acid, methyl 29265 1000318-07-3 49 ester71 35.572 0.02 C:\Database\NIST05.LAcetic acid, [o-(trimethylsiloxy)p 121891 027750-52-3 47 henyl]-, trimethylsilyl esterMercaptosuccinic acid, tris(trimet 159410 1000079-10-0 43 hylsilyl) esterEthanedioic acid, bis(trimethylsil 81388 018294-04-7 37 yl) ester72 35.658 0.00 C:\Database\NIST05.LMercaptoacetic acid, bis(trimethyl 82769 006398-62-5 45 silyl)-2-Methyl-1,4-bis(trimethylsiloxy)b 90204 105747-05-5 43 utaneDithioerythritol, O,O',S,S'-tetrak 178865 1000079-30-7 38 is(trimethylsilyl)-73 36.665 1.41 C:\Database\NIST05.LTetracosane 146921 000646-31-1 99 Tetracosane 146923 000646-31-1 99 Tetracosane 146924 000646-31-1 9974 36.802 0.02 C:\Database\NIST05.L18-Nonadecenoic acid 122294 076998-87-3 41 Methoxyacetic acid, heptadecyl est 141364 1000282-99-1 41 er1-Docosene 129888 001599-67-3 35Hexasiloxane, tetradecamethyl- 180792 000107-52-8 22 Cyclodecasiloxane, eicosamethyl- 190220 018772-36-6 14 Cyclohexasiloxane, dodecamethyl- 179152 000540-97-6 1476 37.249 0.06 C:\Database\NIST05.L2-Hexenedioic acid, bis(trimethyls 116846 055494-10-5 43 ilyl) ester, (E)-Hexasiloxane, tetradecamethyl- 180792 000107-52-8 40 Benzenepropanoic acid, .beta.-[(te 169569 1000221-70-6 40 rt-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy]-, tert-butyldimethylsilyl ester77 37.329 0.14 C:\Database\NIST05.L3-Oxa-6-thia-2,7-disilaoctane, 2,2 73216 078921-31-0 37 ,7,7-tetramethyl-Ethanedioic acid, bis(trimethylsil 81388 018294-04-7 37 yl) ester3,8-Dioxa-2,9-disiladec-5-ene, 2,2 79474 053326-59-3 35 ,9,9-tetramethyl-, (E)-78 37.352 0.18 C:\Database\NIST05.L3,8-Dioxa-2,9-disiladec-5-ene, 2,2 79474 053326-59-3 43 ,9,9-tetramethyl-, (E)-2-Hexenedioic acid, bis(trimethyls 116846 055494-10-5 37 ilyl) ester, (E)-Trimethylsilyl catecholpyruvate tr 183275 027750-79-4 37 is(trimethylsilyl) ether79 37.655 0.08 C:\Database\NIST05.LCinnamic acid, o-(trimethylsiloxy) 129431 032426-62-3 43 -, trimethylsilyl esterMercaptosuccinic acid, tris(trimet 159410 1000079-10-0 43 hylsilyl) esterTrisiloxane, 1,1,1,5,5,5-hexamethy 166198 003555-47-3 40 l-3,3-bis[(trimethylsilyl)oxy]-80 37.729 0.14 C:\Database\NIST05.LHexasiloxane, tetradecamethyl- 180792 000107-52-8 56 Cinnamic acid, o-(trimethylsiloxy) 129431 032426-62-3 49 -, trimethylsilyl esterPropanedioic acid, ethyl-, bis(ter 156956 098830-32-1 43 t-butyldimethylsilyl) esterHeptasiloxane, hexadecamethyl- 186164 000541-01-5 47 3,8-Dioxa-2,9-disiladec-5-ene, 2,2 79474 053326-59-3 43 ,9,9-tetramethyl-, (E)-3-Oxa-6-thia-2,7-disilaoctane, 2,2 73216 078921-31-0 37 ,7,7-tetramethyl-82 38.324 0.02 C:\Database\NIST05.LHexasiloxane, tetradecamethyl- 180792 000107-52-8 50 Mandelic acid di(tert-butyldimethy 165113 078324-07-9 43 lsilyl)-2-(2',4',4',6',6',8',8'-Heptamethy 189407 145344-72-5 38 ltetrasiloxan-2'-yloxy)-2,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,10-nonamethylcyclopentasiloxane83 38.456 2.51 C:\Database\NIST05.LOctadecane 94931 000593-45-3 97 Nonadecane, 9-methyl- 113498 013287-24-6 93 Docosane 131157 000629-97-0 9184 38.542 0.05 C:\Database\NIST05.LHexasiloxane, tetradecamethyl- 180792 000107-52-8 53 Butanedioic acid, oxo(trimethylsil 151398 055517-46-9 38 yl)-, bis(trimethylsilyl) ester1,3,5-Triazine, 2,4,6-tris[(trimet 150013 060739-94-8 35 hylsilyl)oxy]-85 39.085 1.28 C:\Database\NIST05.L1,3-Xylyl-15-crown-4, 2,3-.pinaned 177187 1000162-33-6 95 ioxyboryl-Mercaptoacetic acid, bis(trimethyl 82769 006398-62-5 53 silyl)-Hexasiloxane, tetradecamethyl- 180792 000107-52-8 5086 39.211 0.07 C:\Database\NIST05.LMandelic acid di(tert-butyldimethy 165113 078324-07-9 50 lsilyl)-Ethanedioic acid, bis(trimethylsil 81388 018294-04-7 47 yl) esterMercaptosuccinic acid, tris(trimet 159410 1000079-10-0 38 hylsilyl) ester87 39.349 2.00 C:\Database\NIST05.LCyclononasiloxane, octadecamethyl- 189576 000556-71-8 50 2-Methoxyphenylpyruvic acid, di-TM 146523 1000071-78-8 43 Hexasiloxane, tetradecamethyl- 180791 000107-52-8 3888 39.572 0.18 C:\Database\NIST05.L1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, diis 168519 027554-26-3 27 ooctyl esterDi-n-octyl phthalate 168497 000117-84-0 18 N-Benzyl-N-ethyl-p-isopropylbenzam 112663 015089-22-2 18 ide89 39.721 0.24 C:\Database\NIST05.LMandelic acid di(tert-butyldimethy 165113 078324-07-9 45 lsilyl)-2-(2',4',4',6',6',8',8'-Heptamethy 189407 145344-72-5 42 ltetrasiloxan-2'-yloxy)-2,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,10-nonamethylcyclopentasiloxanePentamethyldisilaethane, 1,1'-oxyb 110204 001560-31-2 37 is-90 39.795 0.07 C:\Database\NIST05.LHexasiloxane, tetradecamethyl- 180792 000107-52-8 50 3-Oxa-6-thia-2,7-disilaoctane, 2,2 73216 078921-31-0 38 ,7,7-tetramethyl-Ethanedioic acid, bis(trimethylsil 81388 018294-04-7 38 yl) ester91 39.944 4.86 C:\Database\NIST05.LHexasiloxane, tetradecamethyl- 180792 000107-52-8 52 Benzoic acid, 2,5-bis(trimethylsil 161131 003618-20-0 44 oxy)-, trimethylsilyl esterCyclodecasiloxane, eicosamethyl- 190220 018772-36-6 3892 40.247 0.05 C:\Database\NIST05.LAcetic acid, [o-(trimethylsiloxy)p 121891 027750-52-3 43 henyl]-, trimethylsilyl esterEthanedioic acid, bis(trimethylsil 81388 018294-04-7 43 yl) esterTrisiloxane, 1,1,1,5,5,5-hexamethy 166198 003555-47-3 40 l-3,3-bis[(trimethylsilyl)oxy]-93 40.379 0.08 C:\Database\NIST05.L1,3-Xylyl-15-crown-4, 2,3-.pinaned 177187 1000162-33-6 93ioxyboryl-Hexasiloxane, tetradecamethyl- 180792 000107-52-8 64 Mercaptoacetic acid, bis(trimethyl 82769 006398-62-5 45 silyl)-94 40.619 3.23 C:\Database\NIST05.LHexacosane 159836 000630-01-3 98 Tetracosane 146923 000646-31-1 98 Octadecane 94931 000593-45-3 9795 41.014 9.86 C:\Database\NIST05.LCyclononasiloxane, octadecamethyl- 189575 000556-71-8 78 Hexasiloxane, tetradecamethyl- 180792 000107-52-8 40 Silane, [[4-[1,2-bis[(trimethylsil 180822 056114-62-6 35 yl)oxy]ethyl]-1,2-phenylene]bis(oxy)]bis[trimethyl-96 41.237 0.36 C:\Database\NIST05.LCyclononasiloxane, octadecamethyl- 189576 000556-71-8 90 Morphinan, 7,8-didehydro-4,5-epoxy 177057 055449-66-6 90 -17-methyl-3,6-bis[(trimethylsilyl)oxy]-, (5.alpha.,6.alpha.)-Cyclononasiloxane, octadecamethyl- 189575 000556-71-8 6497 41.346 0.20 C:\Database\NIST05.LHexasiloxane, tetradecamethyl- 180792 000107-52-8 72 Cyclodecasiloxane, eicosamethyl- 190220 018772-36-6 47 N-Benzyl-N-ethyl-p-isopropylbenzam 112663 015089-22-2 38 ide98 41.443 0.27 C:\Database\NIST05.LCyclononasiloxane, octadecamethyl- 189576 000556-71-8 87 Hexasiloxane, tetradecamethyl- 180792 000107-52-8 64 Cyclononasiloxane, octadecamethyl- 189575 000556-71-8 3899 41.586 0.28 C:\Database\NIST05.LPropanedioic acid, methyl-, bis(tr 99523 040333-07-1 35 imethylsilyl) esterEthanedioic acid, bis(trimethylsil 81388 018294-04-7 35 yl) ester3,8-Dioxa-2,9-disiladec-5-ene, 2,2 79475 053326-58-2 35 ,9,9-tetramethyl-, (Z)-100 41.632 0.13 C:\Database\NIST05.LDocosane 131157 000629-97-0 95 Tetracosane 146921 000646-31-1 95 Eicosane 113492 000112-95-8 95101 41.700 1.13 C:\Database\NIST05.LSilane, [[(3.beta.,11.beta.,20S)-p 189190 032221-72-0 84 regn-5-ene-3,11,17,20-tetrayl]tetrakis(oxy)]tetrakis[trimethyl-Mercaptoacetic acid, bis(trimethyl 82769 006398-62-5 45 silyl)-2-(2',4',4',6',6',8',8'-Heptamethy 189407 145344-72-5 40 ltetrasiloxan-2'-yloxy)-2,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,10-nonamethylcyclopentasiloxane102 41.758 1.07 C:\Database\NIST05.LHexasiloxane, tetradecamethyl- 180791 000107-52-8 50 2-Propenoic acid, 2-[(trimethylsil 80167 055191-13-4 43 yl)oxy]-, trimethylsilyl esterMercaptoacetic acid, bis(trimethyl 82769 006398-62-5 42 silyl)-103 42.152 4.79 C:\Database\NIST05.LHeptacosane 165301 000593-49-7 99 Nonadecane, 9-methyl- 113498 013287-24-6 93 Heptacosane 165300 000593-49-7 90104 42.324 12.62 C:\Database\NIST05.LHeptasiloxane, hexadecamethyl- 186164 000541-01-5 30 Cyclodecasiloxane, eicosamethyl- 190220 018772-36-6 30 Terbutaline, N-trifluoroacetyl-o,o 186415 325836-92-8 25 ,o-tris(trimethylsilyl)deriv.105 42.685 0.89 C:\Database\NIST05.LHexasiloxane, tetradecamethyl- 180792 000107-52-8 72 Morphinan, 7,8-didehydro-4,5-epoxy 177057 055449-66-6 59 -17-methyl-3,6-bis[(trimethylsilyl)oxy]-, (5.alpha.,6.alpha.)-Mercaptoacetic acid, bis(trimethyl 82769 006398-62-5 50 silyl)-106 42.810 0.34 C:\Database\NIST05.LCyclononasiloxane, octadecamethyl- 189576 000556-71-8 90 Hexasiloxane, tetradecamethyl- 180792 000107-52-8 59Trisiloxane, 1,1,1,5,5,5-hexamethy 166198 003555-47-3 35 l-3,3-bis[(trimethylsilyl)oxy]-107 42.942 1.27 C:\Database\NIST05.LCyclononasiloxane, octadecamethyl- 189576 000556-71-8 86 Hexasiloxane, tetradecamethyl- 180792 000107-52-8 64 Cyclononasiloxane, octadecamethyl- 189575 000556-71-8 64108 42.965 1.57 C:\Database\NIST05.LCyclononasiloxane, octadecamethyl- 189576 000556-71-8 86 3,6-Dioxa-2,4,5,7-tetrasilaoctane, 120498 004342-25-0 64 2,2,4,4,5,5,7,7-octamethyl-Hexasiloxane, tetradecamethyl- 180792 000107-52-8 64109 43.165 0.36 C:\Database\NIST05.LHexasiloxane, tetradecamethyl- 180792 000107-52-8 74 N-Benzyl-N-ethyl-p-isopropylbenzam 112663 015089-22-2 41 ideHeptasiloxane, hexadecamethyl- 186164 000541-01-5 35110 43.285 0.76 C:\Database\NIST05.LHexasiloxane, tetradecamethyl- 180792 000107-52-8 59 Tris(trimethylsilyl)borate 110954 004325-85-3 32 1,2-Bis(trimethylsiloxy)ethane 61757 007381-30-8 27111 43.446 0.17 C:\Database\NIST05.LHexasiloxane, tetradecamethyl- 180791 000107-52-8 50 Heptasiloxane, hexadecamethyl- 186164 000541-01-5 47 Octasiloxane, 1,1,3,3,5,5,7,7,9,9, 187862 019095-24-0 30 11,11,13,13,15,15-hexadecamethyl-112 43.571 4.11 C:\Database\NIST05.LHexadecane, 1-iodo- 153347 000544-77-4 95 Tetratriacontane 182858 014167-59-0 93 Heptadecane, 3-methyl- 94934 006418-44-6 93113 44.081 0.19 C:\Database\NIST05.L2,6,10-Dodecatrien-1-ol, 3,7,11-tr 72931 004602-84-0 46 imethyl-2-Dodecen-1-yl(-)succinic anhydrid 102622 019780-11-1 43 2,6,10,14,18,22-Tetracosahexaene, 173573 000111-02-4 38 2,6,10,15,19,23-hexamethyl-, (all-E)-114 44.218 0.05 C:\Database\NIST05.L1-(4-Nitro-benzoyl)-pyrrolidine-2- 149599 1000296-02-8 25 carboxylic acid cyclopentylidene-hydrazide2-(Acetoxymethyl)-3-(methoxycarbon 113217 093103-70-9 18 yl)biphenylene1,2-Bis(trimethylsilyl)benzene 72520 017151-09-6 18115 44.390 15.14 C:\Database\NIST05.LCyclononasiloxane, octadecamethyl- 189576 000556-71-8 50 Heptasiloxane, hexadecamethyl- 186164 000541-01-5 30 Trisiloxane, 1,1,1,5,5,5-hexamethy 166198 003555-47-3 25 l-3,3-bis[(trimethylsilyl)oxy]-116 44.699 0.45 C:\Database\NIST05.LHexasiloxane, tetradecamethyl- 180792 000107-52-8 60 Cyclodecasiloxane, eicosamethyl- 190220 018772-36-6 45 Cyclononasiloxane, octadecamethyl- 189575 000556-71-8 25117 44.779 0.13 C:\Database\NIST05.LCyclononasiloxane, octadecamethyl- 189575 000556-71-8 72 Hexasiloxane, tetradecamethyl- 180792 000107-52-8 58 Cyclononasiloxane, octadecamethyl- 189576 000556-71-8 40118 44.853 0.24 C:\Database\NIST05.LHexasiloxane, tetradecamethyl- 180792 000107-52-8 74 Heptasiloxane, hexadecamethyl- 186164 000541-01-5 30 Pentasiloxane, dodecamethyl- 166195 000141-63-9 22119 44.876 0.11 C:\Database\NIST05.LHexasiloxane, tetradecamethyl- 180792 000107-52-8 58 3,6-Dioxa-2,4,5,7-tetrasilaoctane, 120498 004342-25-0 43 2,2,4,4,5,5,7,7-octamethyl-1,1,1,5,7,7,7-Heptamethyl-3,3-bis( 179156 038147-00-1 40 trimethylsiloxy)tetrasiloxane120 44.933 0.21 C:\Database\NIST05.LHexasiloxane, tetradecamethyl- 180792 000107-52-8 74 Cyclononasiloxane, octadecamethyl- 189576 000556-71-8 56 Heptasiloxane, hexadecamethyl- 186164 000541-01-5 38121 44.956 0.09 C:\Database\NIST05.LHexasiloxane, tetradecamethyl- 180792 000107-52-8 81 3,6-Dioxa-2,4,5,7-tetrasilaoctane, 120498 004342-25-0 702,2,4,4,5,5,7,7-octamethyl-Cyclodecasiloxane, eicosamethyl- 190220 018772-36-6 53122 45.008 0.22 C:\Database\NIST05.LHexasiloxane, tetradecamethyl- 180792 000107-52-8 76 Cyclononasiloxane, octadecamethyl- 189576 000556-71-8 64 1,1,1,5,7,7,7-Heptamethyl-3,3-bis( 179156 038147-00-1 40 trimethylsiloxy)tetrasiloxane123 45.025 0.23 C:\Database\NIST05.LHexasiloxane, tetradecamethyl- 180792 000107-52-8 62 Cyclononasiloxane, octadecamethyl- 189575 000556-71-8 59 Cyclononasiloxane, octadecamethyl- 189576 000556-71-8 53124 45.174 4.00 C:\Database\NIST05.LNonacosane 173139 000630-03-5 99 Hexadecane, 1-iodo- 153347 000544-77-4 96 Nonacosane 173138 000630-03-5 95125 45.540 6.97 C:\Database\NIST05.LCyclononasiloxane, octadecamethyl- 189576 000556-71-8 72 n-Nonadecanoic acid, pentamethyldi 176847 1000217-02-3 56 silyl esterHexasiloxane, tetradecamethyl- 180792 000107-52-8 50126 45.757 0.59 C:\Database\NIST05.LCyclononasiloxane, octadecamethyl- 189576 000556-71-8 90 Hexasiloxane, tetradecamethyl- 180792 000107-52-8 74 Cyclodecasiloxane, eicosamethyl- 190220 018772-36-6 64127 46.175 0.04 C:\Database\NIST05.LOctasiloxane, 1,1,3,3,5,5,7,7,9,9, 187862 019095-24-0 49 11,11,13,13,15,15-hexadecamethyl-Cyclononasiloxane, octadecamethyl- 189576 000556-71-8 49 1H-Indole-2-carboxylic acid, 6-(4- 154967 1000316-17-5 25 ethoxyphenyl)-3-methyl-4-oxo-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-, isopropyl ester128 46.261 0.24 C:\Database\NIST05.LHeneicosane 122435 000629-94-7 94 Nonacosane 173139 000630-03-5 90 Heneicosane 122436 000629-94-7 89129 46.490 0.05 C:\Database\NIST05.L。
西地那非
磷酸二酯diesterase ，简称为PDE）具有水解细 胞内第二信使（cAMP,环磷酸腺苷或cGMP,环磷酸鸟苷）的功能，降 解细胞内cAMP或cGMP，从而终结这些第二信使所传导的生化作用。 磷酸二酯酶抑制药（英语：Phosphodiesterase inhibitor）拥有抑制磷 酸二酯酶活性的功效，降低第二信使（cAMP或cGMP）的水解，因而 提升细胞内cAMP或cGMP的浓度。 PDE5抑制剂通过抑制PDE5而使胞内cGMP升高将有利于高血压、充 血性心力衰竭、冠状动脉疾病和心绞痛的治疗，且PDE5 抑制剂尚有 拭血小板和抗血栓活性。此外，PDE5 抑制荆能降低肺动脉压力并对 心率影响极少，有望成为新型的选择性的肺动脉扩张荆。
西地那非
化学式
C22H30N6O4S
分子量 盐基: 474.6 g/mol 1-[4-ethoxy-3-(6,7-dihydro-1-methyl7-oxo-3-propyl-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl) phenylsulfonyl]-4-methylpiperazine citrate 14-乙氧基-3-[5-(6,7-二氢-1-甲基-7-氧代-3-丙 基-1H-吡唑并[4,3d]嘧啶)]苯磺酰4-甲基哌嗪 枸橼酸盐 在香港和台湾，盐基或碱基， 有时也称做碱（尽管“碱”具 有多种意义）。这是根据布朗 斯特-劳里学说关于酸和盐基的 部分，盐基可以简单想像成吸 收质子的物质。额外的定义包 括提供孤立电子对（由刘易斯 提出），以及是氢氧根离子的 来源（由阿伦尼乌斯提出）。
最新研究
PDE5-inhibitors have become the first-line standard therapy in erectile dysfunction (1). Nevertheless, this therapy is not cause dependent and has a success rate at standard doses of 77% (1). This type of medication is not indicated for patients treated with certain cardiac medicaments or with other known contraindications. PDE5-inhibitors have some, not always harmless, side effects who prevent patients from continuous use. Furthermore, the medication is not covered by most health insurances and therefore is not affordable for many patients. Virag et al. reported, that after 2 years from the completion of the trial only 32% of the patients (17.2% of the initial cohort) were still using sildenafil as a single treatment (2). In those patients who do not respond to sildenafil, a structural alteration in the components of the erectile mechanism can be suspected (1). Penile erection is believed to be the result of venous occlusion along with increased arterial inflow and cor- poreal smooth muscle relaxation. A failure of the closing mechanism of the penile veins is one of the most com- mon causes of vasculogenic erectile dysfunction. In the past procedures as deep dorsal vein ligation have been performed to recover erectile function (10).