_4'-_pentyloxy_-[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl_boronic_acid_HNMR_25690_MedChemExpress
非药用类麻醉药品和精神药品管制品种增补目录
A-796,260
34
1-(4-四氢吡喃基甲基)-3-(2,2,3,3-四甲基环丙甲酰基)吲哚
(1-(Tetrahydropyran-4-ylmethyl)-1H-indol-3-yl)(2,2,3,3-tetramethylcyclopropyl)methanone
895155-57-4
1800098-36-5
FUB-PB-22
50
2-甲基-1-戊基-3-(1-萘甲酰基)吲哚
(2-Methyl-1-pentyl-1H-indol-3-yl)
319920-71-3
6-Cl-MDMA
24
1-(2,5-二甲氧基-4-氯苯基)-2-丙胺
1-(4-Chloro-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)propan-2-
amine
123431-31-2
DOC
25
1-(2-噻吩基)-N-甲基-2-丙胺
N-Methyl-1-(thiophen-2-yl)propan-2-amine
351-03-1
4-FMA
20
1-[5-(2,3-二氢苯并呋喃基)]-2-丙胺
1-(2,3-Dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl)propan-2-
amine
152624-03-8
5-APDB
21
1-(5-苯并呋喃基)-N-甲基-2-丙胺
N-Methyl-1-(benzofuran-5-yl)propan-2-
fluoropentyl)-1H-indazole-3-carboxamide
1715016-74-2
5F-AMB
30
N-(1-金刚烷基)-1-(5-氟戊基)吲唑-3-甲酰胺
多胺型聚苯乙烯树脂的合成及对Cu2+的吸附性能
CHEMICAL INDUSTRY AND ENGINEERING PROGRESS 2016年第35卷第10期·3258·化工进展多胺型聚苯乙烯树脂的合成及对Cu2+的吸附性能孟启，吕科翰，夏丰敏，倪梦燚（常州大学石油化工学院，江苏常州 213164）摘要：以聚苯乙烯树脂为起始原料，经氯乙酰化后与四乙烯五胺反应，合成了一种含四乙烯五胺功能基的多胺型聚苯乙烯树脂。
考察了溶剂、物料比、时间和温度等反应条件对树脂合成的影响，研究了树脂对Cu2+的吸附性能。
结果表明，合成反应在THF溶剂中室温即可顺利进行，所得树脂全交换容量为7.45mmol/g。
树脂对Cu2+的吸附可以用准二级动力学方程来描述，液膜扩散为吸附主要控制步骤，吸附符合Langmuir等温方程，为单分子层吸附，饱和吸附量为46.15 mg/mL。
对于Cu2+、Ni2+混合溶液，该树脂可以选择性吸附其中Cu2+。
关键词：四乙烯五胺；树脂；合成；吸附；铜离子中图分类号：O 632.6 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1000–6613（2016）10–3258–05DOI：10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2016.10.033Synthesis of polyamine-type polystyrene resin and its adsorption propertyfor Cu2+MENG Qi，LÜ Kehan，XIA Fengmin，NI Mengyi（Petrochemical Institute of Changzhou University，Changzhou 213164，Jiangsu，China）Abstract：A polyamine-type polystyrene resin with tetraethylenepentamine functional group was synthesized from polystyrene resin through chloroacetylation followed by the amination of tetraethylenepentamine. Effects of reaction solvent，mole ratio of raw materials，time and temperature were discussed. The adsorption property of the polyamine-type polystyrene resin for Cu2+ was also studied. The results show that the synthetic reactions can take place smoothly in THF at room temperature and the complete exchange capacity of the synthesized resin is 7.45 mmol/g. The adsorption processes of Cu2+ can be described by pseudo-second order kinetic equation. The main control step of resin adsorption for Cu2+ is governed by liquid film diffusion. The adsorption of Cu2+ belongs to the Langmuir adsorption model and was valid for single-layer adsorption. The saturated adsorption capacity of the synthesized resin toward Cu2+ is 46.15mg/mL. The Cu2+ can be removed selectively from the mixed solution of Cu2+ and Ni2+ by the synthesized resin adsorption.Key words：tetraethylenepentamine；resin；synthesis；adsorption；copper ion多胺结构对一些金属离子具有良好的螯合作用，通过多胺分子对聚合物的化学修饰可以制得多种具有特殊功能的新型材料[1-4]，其中以多乙烯多胺为功能基的多胺型树脂具有结构稳定、用途广泛的特点，在合成技术研究和应用领域拓展等方面引起了人们广泛的关注[5-7]。
有机化学专业英语
烷基Alkyl [ˈælkil]芳基aryl [ˈæril]甲基methyl [ˈmeθil]亚甲基methylene[ˈmeθili:n]乙基ethyl [ˈeθil,ˈeθəl]丙基propyl [ˈprəupil]异丙基isopropyl [ˌaisəuˈprəupil]丁基butyl [ˈbju:til]戊基pentyl [ˈpentil]己基hexyl [ˈheksil]庚基heptyl [ˈheptil]辛基octyl [ˈɔktəl]壬基nonyl [ˈnɔnil]奎基decyl ['desəl][di:'s i l]叔丁基tert-butyl异丁基iso-butyl环戊基cyclopentyl [ ♦♓●☜◆ ♦♋♓●☜◆]环己基cyclohexyl [♦♋♓●☜◆♒♏♦♓●]甲氧基methoxyl ['metɒksɪl]乙氧基ethoxyl [eˈθɔksil]丁氧基butoxyl酰基acyl[ˈæsil]甲酰基formyl [ˈfɔ:mil]乙酰基acetyl [ˈæsitil]乙烯基vinyl [ˈvaɪnəl]或ethenyl丁烯基butenyl [ˈbjutənil]己烯基hexenyl庚烯基heptenyl [ˈheptəˌnil]烯丙基allyl [ˈælil]乙炔基ethinyl [eˈθainil]或alkynyl硝基nitro [ˈnaitrəu]亚硝基nitroso [naiˈtrəusəu]氨基amino [əˈmi:nəʊ, ˈæməˌnəʊ]二氨基diamino亚氨基imino [ˈiminəu,iˈmi:nəu]重氮基diazo [daiˈæzəu]苯基phenyl [ˈfenəl,ˈfi:nəl,ˈfi:nil]苄基benzyl [ˈbenzil]或phenmethyl [ˌfinˈmeθil]苯乙基phenethyl [fenˈeθəl]乙氧苯基ethoxyphenyl 苯胺基anilino [ˈænili:n]羰基carbonyl [ˈkɑ:bənil]羧基carboxyl [kɑ:ˈbɔksil]联苯基biphenyl [baiˈfenl]甲酰基formyl [ˈfɔ:mil]苯酰，苯甲酰benzoyl ['benzəʊɪl]脒基guanyl [♈♦⏹il]羟基hydroxyl [haiˈdrɔksil]烷氧基alkoxy [ælˈkɔksi]或alkoxyl group芳基aryl group二芳基diaryl group [daiˈæril]吡啶基pyridyl[ˈpiridil]三苯甲基trityl['traɪtl]二苯甲基benzhydryl [benaɪd'raɪl]氨基甲酰基carbamoyl[kɑ:'bæməɪl]三甲基硅基trimethylsilyl炔丙基propargyl [prəʊ'pɑ:dʒɪl]丙酮基（乙酰甲基）acetonyl['æsɪtənɪl]正n，normal异iso邻位ortho- [ˈɔ:θəu]间位meta- ['mɛtə]对位para- [ˈpɑ:rə]伯Primary ['praimәri]仲Secondary ['sekәndәri]叔Tertiary ['tә:ʃәri] tert-季碳quaternary [kwəˈtə:nəri] carbon一，单mono-二di-，双bis ，bi（化学中只有碳酸氢根才用bi，如bicarbonate [baiˈkɑ:bənit]）三tri-，tris四tetra- 四quadric-五penta- 五quinque-六hexa-七hepta- 七septi八octa-九nona-十deca- ['dɛkə]十一undeca ，hendeca-十二dodeca-十三trideca-十四tetradeca十五pentadeca-十六hexadeca-十七heptadeca-顺式，cis-同，共syn反式trans有机化合物类名Aliphatic compound 脂肪族化合物[ ✌●♓♐✌♦♓]Hydrocarbon 碳氢化合物[ˌhaɪdrəˈkɑ:bən] Alkane 烷[ ✌●♏♓⏹]Wax 蜡[♦✌♦]Paraffin wax 石蜡arene芳烃[☜❒♓⏹]Alkene 烯[ ✌●♓⏹]Alkyne 炔[ˈælkain]Acetylide 炔化物[ ✌♦♓♦♓●♋♓♎]Active hydrogen compounds 活泼氢化合物acid [ˈæsid]Carbon acid 碳氢酸Super acid 超酸Diene 双烯[ˈdaii:n]Triene 三烯[ˈtraii:n]Allene 丙二烯[ˈæli:n]Propylene丙烯[ ☐❒☜◆☐♓●♓⏹] cumulene 累积多烯[ ◆❍◆●♓⏹] Enyne 烯炔[eˈni:n]Diyne 二炔Alkyl halide 卤代烷[ˈælkil ˈhælaid]Alcohol 醇[ ✌●☜♒●]Homoallylic alcohol 高烯丙醇Ether 醚[ˈi:θə]Ester 酯[ˈestə]Ketone 酮Aldehyde 醛[ˈældihaid]Epoxide 环氧化物[eˈpɔksaid]Sulfone 砜[ˈsʌlfəun]Sulfoxide 亚砜Sulfonic acid 磺酸Carboxylic acid 羧酸Cellosolve 溶纤剂Crown ether 冠醚Nitro compound 硝基化合物Amine 胺[ ✌❍♓⏹] Quaternaryammonium compound 季铵化合物[ ♦☜♦☜⏹☜❒♓] [☜❍☜◆⏹☜❍] Amine oxide 氧化胺Diazoalkane 重氮烷[daɪ,æzəʊ'ælkeɪn] Mercaptan 硫醇[❍☜✌☐♦✌⏹] Aldehyde hydrate 醛水合物Ketone hydrate 酮水合物Hemiacetal 半缩醛[ˌhemiˈæsitæl]Acetal 缩醛acetal [化]乙缩醛, 乙缩醛二乙醇[ˈæsitæl] Ketal 缩酮[ˈki:tæl]thiazole噻唑[ˈθaiəˌzəul]Dithiane 二噻烷[daiˈθaiən]Aminal 缩醛胺;动物imine 亚胺[ ♓❍♓⏹♓⏹ ♓❍♓⏹]Aldimine 醛亚胺Oxime 肟[ ♦♓❍]nitroso compound 亚硝基化合物aldoxime 醛肟，乙醛肟[ælˈdɔksi:m] Hydrazone 腙[ˈhaidrəˌzəun]Azine 嗪[ˈæzi:n]Semicarbazone 缩氯基脲Cyanohydrin 羟腈,氰醇[ˌsaiənəuˈhaidrin] Pinacol 频哪醇Enol 烯醇[ˈi:nɔl]Enol ether 烯醇醚Enol ester 烯醇酯[ˈi:nɔl][ˈestə]Enamine 烯胺[iˈnæmin]Ynamine 炔胺Mannich base 曼尼希碱orthoester 原酸酯Acyl halide 酰卤[ˈæsil]Acyl fluoride 酰氟[ ♐●◆☎✆☜❒♋♓♎] Acyl chloride 酰氯Acyl bromide 酰溴Acyl iodide 酰碘[ˈaiədaid]Carbobenzoxy chloride 苄氧甲酰氯Acyl tosylate 酰基对甲苯磺酸酐Ketene 乙烯酮[ˈki:ti:n]Peracid 过酸Perester 过酸酯Acyl peroxide 酰基过氧化物Nitrile 腈[ˈnaitrail]acetonitrile 乙腈[ˌæsitəuˈnaitril]或methyl cyanide [ˈsaɪəˌnaɪd]Nitrile oxide 氧化腈Isonitrile 异腈，异氰化物Amide 酰胺[ˈæmaid]Imide 二酰亚胺[ˈimaid]N-bromo compound N-溴化物Hydrazide 酰肼[ ♒♋♓♎❒☜♋♓♎] Azide 叠氮化物[ˈæzaid,ˈeizid]Acyl azide 酰基叠氮[ˈæsil][ˈæzaid,ˈeizid] Amidine 脒[ˈæmiˌdi:n]Keto ester 酮酸酯Acyl cyanide 酰腈[ˈæsil][ˈsaɪəˌnaɪd] Carbon suboxide 二氧化三碳Glycidic acid 环氧丙酸Carbammic acid 氨基甲酸Carbamate 氨基甲酸酯[ˈkɑ:bəmeit]Urea 脲，尿素[ ◆☜❒♓☜] Cyanamide 氨腈[saiˈænəmaid] Carbodiimide 碳二亚胺[,kɑ:bədai'imaid] Allophanate 脲基甲酸酯Thioester 硫代酸酯[ˌθaiəuˈestə]Thiol acid 硫羰酸[ˈθaiəu]Lactone 内酯[ˈlæktəun]Lactol 内半缩醛[ˈlæktəl]Macrolide 大环内酯[ˈmækrəlaid]Amino acid 氨基酸Zwitterion两性离子[ˈtsvitəraiən]Inner salt 内盐Betaine 甜菜碱[ˈbi:təi:n]Lactam 内酰胺[ˈlæktæm]Hydantoin 或glycolylurea 乙内酰脲[haiˈdæntəwin]Hydration水合，水合作用[haɪ'dreʃən] Peptide 肽[ˈpepˌtaɪd]Glycol 乙二醇[ ♈●♋♓●]Aldol 羟醛[ˈældəul]Acyloin 偶姻，酮醇[əˈsiləuin]acyloin condensation 酮醇缩合Carbohydrate 碳水化合物Aldose 醛糖[ˈældəus]Ketose 酮糖[ˈki:təus]Furanose 呋喃糖[ˈfjuərəˌnəus]Pyranose 吡喃糖[ˈpaiərənəus]Glycoside 糖苷[ˈɡlaikəˌsaid]Glucoside 葡[萄]糖苷Aglycon 苷元[əˈɡlaikɔn]Saccharide 糖类[ˈsækəraid] Oligosaccharide 寡糖[ˌɔliɡəuˈsækəraid] Polysaccharide 多糖[pɔliˈsækəraid]Alditol 糖醇[ˈælditɔl]Osazone 脎[ˈəusəˌzəun]Alicyclic compound 脂环化合物[æliˈsiklik] Cycloalkane 环烷Cycloalkene 环烯Spirane 螺烷[ˈspaiərein]Cage compound 笼型化合物Propellane 螺桨烷Rotazane 轮烷Catenane 索烃[ˈkætnein]Fused ring 稠环[fju:zd riŋ]化学专业英语词汇常用前后缀-acetal 醛缩醇acetal- 乙酰acid 酸-al 醛alcohol 醇-aldehyde 醛alkali- 碱allyl 丙烯基 'alkoxy- 烷氧基Methoxy甲氧基的-amide 酰胺 [ ✌❍♋♓♎]amino- 氨基的[əˈmi:nəʊ, ˈæməˌnəʊ]-amidine 脒[ˈæmiˌdi:n]-amine 胺-ane 烷anhydride 酐[ænˈhaidraid]anilino- 苯胺基[ˈænili:n]aquo- 含水aqueous水的，水成的[ˈeikwiəs] -ase 酶-ate 含氧酸的盐、酯-atriyne 三炔azo- 偶氮[ˈæzəu]azoxy-氧化偶氮-N=N(O)- hydrazo-氢化偶氮-NH-NH- benzene 苯[ˈbenˌzi:n, benˈzi:n] bi- 在盐类前表示酸式盐bis- 双-borane 硼烷[ˈbəurein]bromo- 溴butyl 丁基 .-carbinol 甲醇carbonyl 羰基-caboxylic acid 羧酸centi- 10-2chloro- 氯代cis- 顺式condensed 缩合的、冷凝的cyclo- 环deca- 十deci 10-1di二-dine 啶dodeca- 十二-ene 烯epi- 表epoxy- 环氧 [♏☐♦♓]-ester 酯-ether 醚ethoxy- 乙氧基[♏♦✋] ethyl 乙基fluoro-或fluor- 氟代-form 仿-glycol 二醇hemi- 半hendeca- 十一hepta- 七heptadeca- 十七hexa- 六hexadeca- 十六-hydrin 醇hydro- 氢或水hydroxyl 羟基hypo- 低级的，次-ic 酸的，高价金属-ide 无氧酸的盐，酰替胺，酐-il 偶酰-imine 亚胺 /♓❍♓⏹iodine 碘[ ♋✋☜♎♓⏹ ☎✍✆ ♋✋☜♎♋✋⏹]iodo- 碘代iso- 异，等，同-ite 亚酸盐keto- 酮ketone 酮-lactone 内酯mega- 106meta- 间，偏methoxy- 甲氧基methyl 甲基micro- 10-6milli- 10-3mono- ( mon-) 一，单nano- 10-9nitro- 硝基nitroso- 亚硝基nona- 九nonadeca- 十九octa- 八octadeca- 十八-oic 酸的-ol 醇9 a$ f! Q, H: [5 n& G-one 酮ortho- 邻，正，原-ous 亚酸的，低价金属oxa- 氧杂-oxide 氧化合物-oxime 肟 [ ♦♓❍]oxo- 酮 [ ♦☜◆]oxy- 氧化 [ ♦✋]-oyl 酰para- 对位，仲penta- 五pentadeca- 十五per- 高，过petro- 石油phenol 苯酚[ˈfi:nəl]phenyl 苯基 [ ♐♏⏹☜● ♐♓⏹☜● ♐♓ ⏹♓●]pico- 10-12poly- 聚，多quadri- 四quinque- 五semi- 半septi- 七sesqui 一个半sulfa- 磺胺 [ ♦✈●♐☜]sym- 对称syn- 顺式，同，共ter- 三 -tetra- 四tetradeca- 十四tetrakis- 四个thio- 硫代[ ♋♓☜◆]trans- 反式，超，跨tri- 三trans- 反式，超，跨tri- 三trideca- 十三tris- 三个undeca- 十一 .Alkylation 烷基化C- alkylation C-烷基化O- alkylation O-烷基化N-alkylation N-烷基化Silylation 硅烷[基]化Exhaustive methylation 彻底甲基化Seco alkylation 断裂烷基化Demethylation 脱甲基化Ethylation 乙基化Arylation 芳基化Acylation 酰化Formylation 甲酰化Carbalkoxylation 烷氧羰基化Carboamidation 氨羰基化Carboxylation 羧基化Amination 氨基化Bisamination 双氨基化Cine substitution 移位取代Transamination 氨基交换Hydroxylation 羟基化acyloxyation 酰氧基化Decarboxylative nitration 脱羧卤化Allylic halogenation 烯丙型卤化Dehalogenation 脱卤Nitration 硝化Decarboxylative nitration 脱羧硝化Nitrosation 亚硝化Sulfonation 磺化Chlorosulfonation 氯磺酰化Desulfonation 脱磺酸基Sulfenylation 亚磺酰化Sulfonylation 磺酰化Chlorosulfenation 氯亚磺酰化Chlorocarbonylation 氯羰基化Diazotization 重氮化[daiˌæzətaiˈzeiʃən] Diazo transfer 重氮基转移Coupling reaction 偶联反应uni- 单，一unsym- 不对称的，偏位-yl 基-ylene 撑(二价基，价在不同原子上)-yne 炔Diazonium coupling 重氮偶联[ˌdaiəˈzəuniəm]Cross-coupling reaction 交叉偶联反应1,4-addition 1，4-加成C-C Pi-bond C-C π键Conjugate addition 共轭加成[ˈkɔndʒəˌgeɪt] Dimerization 二聚Trimefization 三聚Additive dimerization 加成二聚Sulfurize 使硫化[ ♦✈●♐◆❒♋♓ ♐☜]sulfurization 硫化Selenylation 硒化Hydroboration 硼氢化[ˈhaidrəuˌbɔ:ˈreiʃən] Oxyamination 羟氨基化Insertion 插入carbonylation 羧基化Hydroformylation 加氢甲酰基化Hydroacylation 加氢酰化Oxo process 羰基合成Decarbonylation 脱羰[di:ˌkɑ:bənəˈleiʃən] Hydrocarboxylation 氢羧基化Homologization 同系化Cyanoethylation 氰乙基化Decyanoethylation 脱氰乙基Ring closure 环合，闭环Diene synthesis 双烯合成Dienophile 亲双烯体Endo addition 内型加成Exo addition 外型加成Diels-Alder reaction 第尔斯-尔德反应Retro Diels-Alder reaction 逆第尔斯-阿尔德反应Ene synthesis 单烯合成Anionic cycloaddition 负离子环加成Dipolar addition 偶极加成Dehydrohalogenation 脱卤化氢Deamination 脱氨基Pyrolytic elimination 热解消除Elimination-addition 消除-加成Decarboxylation 脱羧Decarboxamidation 脱酰胺Decyanation 脱氰基Alkylolysis,alkyl cleavage 烷基裂解Acylolysis,acyl cleavage 酰基裂解Flash pyrolysis 闪热裂Fragmentation 碎裂Chiletropic reaction 螯键反应Chelation 螯环化Esterification 酯化Transesterification 酯交换Saponification 皂化Alcoholysis 醇解Ethanolysis 乙醇解Cyanomethylation 氰甲基化Aminomethylation 氨甲基化Hydroxymethylation 羟甲基化Hydroxyalkylation 羟烷基化Cholromethylation 氯甲基化Haloalkylation 卤烷基化Transacetalation 缩醛交换Enolization 烯醇化Haloform reaction 卤仿反应Condensation 缩合Aldol condensation 羟醛缩合Cross aldol condensation 交叉羟醛缩合Retrograde aldol condensation 逆羟醛缩合Acyloin condensation 偶姻缩合Cyclization 环化Annulation,annelation 增环反应Spiroannulation 螺增环Autoxidation 自氧化Allylic hydroperoxylation 烯丙型氢过氧化Epoxidation 环氧化Oxonolysis 臭氧解Electrochemical oxidation 电化学氧化Oxidative decarboxylation 氧化脱羧Aromatization 芳构化Catalytic hydrogenation 催化氢化Heterogeneous hydrogenation 多相氢化Homogeneous hydrogenation 均相氢化Catalytic dehydrogenation 催化脱氢Transfer hydrogenation 转移氢化Hydrogenolysis 氢解Dissolving metal reduction 溶解金属还原Single electron transfer 单电子转移Bimolecular reduction 双分子还原Electrochemical reduction 电化学还原Reductive alkylation 还原烷基化Reductive acylation 还原酰化Reductive dimerization 还原二聚Deoxygenation 脱氧Desulfurization 脱硫Deselenization 脱硒Mitallation 金属化Lithiation 锂化Hydrometallation 氢金属化Mercuration 汞化Oxymercuration 羟汞化Aminomercuration 氨汞化Abstraction 夺取[反应]Internal abstraction 内夺取[反应] Rearrangement 重排Prototropic rearrangement 质了转移重排Double bond migration 双键移位Allylic migration 烯丙型重排Allylic migration 烯丙型迁移Ring contraction 环缩小[反应]Ring expansion,ring enlargement 扩环[反应]-ketol rearrangement -酮醇重排Pinacol rearrangement 频哪醇重排Retropinacol rearrangement 逆频哪醇重排Semipinacol rearrangement 半频哪醇重排Benzilic rearrangement 二苯乙醇酸重排Acyl rearrangement 酰基重排Migratory aptitude 迁移倾向Transannular insertion 跨环插入Transannular rearrangement 跨环重排Migration 迁移Prototropy 质子转移Cationotropic rearrangement 正离子转移重排Anionotropy 负离子转移Anionotropic rearrangement 负离子转移重Sigmatropic rearrangement -迁移重排Homosigmatropic rearrangement 同迁移重排Electrophilic rearrangement 亲电重排Photosensitization 光敏化Forbidden transition 禁阻跃迁photooxidation 光氧化Photoisomerization 光异构化Photochemical rearrangement 光化学重排Angular methyl group 角甲基Alkylidene group 亚烷基[ælˈkiləˌdi:n] Methylene 亚甲基[ˈmeθili:n]Allyl group 烯丙基Allylic 烯丙型[的] [ˈæləˌlik]Phenyl group 苯基[ˈfenəl,ˈfi:nəl,ˈfi:nil]Aryl group 芳基Benzyl group 苄基Benzylic 苄型[的]Activating group 活化基团Chromophore 生色团[ˈkrəuməfɔ:] Auxochrome 助色团[ˈɔ:ksəkrəum] Magnetically anisotropic group 磁各向异性基团[əˌnaisəuˈtrɔpik]Smally ring 小环Common ring 普通环Medium ring 中环[ˈmi:djəm]Large ring 大环Bridged-ring system 桥环体系Spiro compound 螺环化合物Helical molecule 螺旋型分子Octahedral compound 八面体化合物Conjugation 共轭[ ⏹♎✞◆♈♏♓☞☜⏹]Conjugated-system 共轭体系Acyl cation 酰[基]正离子Benzylic cation 苄[基]正离子[ˈkætaiən] Arenium ion 芳[基]正离子或aryl cation Ketyl radical 羰自由基Radical ion 自由基离子[ˈaiən]Radical cation 自由基正离子Radical anion 自由基负离子[ˈænaiən] Isomerism 异构[现象]Acid form 酸式Fluxional structure 循变结构Stereochemistry 立体化学Optical activity 光学活性，旋光性Dextro isomer 右旋异构体[ ♎♏♦♦❒☜◆] Laevo isomer 左旋异构体[ ●♓❖☜☺] Tetrahedral configuration 四面体构型Stereoisomerism 立体异构[现象] Asymmetric atom 不对称原子Asymmetric carbon 不对称碳Pseudoasymmetric carbon 假不对称碳Phantom atom 虚拟原子[ ♐✌⏹♦☜❍] Homotopic 等位[的]Heterotopic 异位[的]Enantiotopic 对映[异构体]的Diastereotopic 非对映异构体[的] [ˌdaiəstiəri əˈtɔpik]Configuration 构型[kənˌfiɡjuˈreiʃən] Absolute configuration 绝对构型Chirality 手性Chiral 手性[的] [英] [ˈtʃirəl][美] [ˈkaɪrəl] Chiral center 手性中心Chiral molecule 手性分子Achiral 非手性[的] [ei'kairəl]Fischer projection 费歇尔投影式Neoman projection 纽曼投影式D-L system of nomenclature D-L命名体系R-S syytem of nomenclature R-S命名体系Cahn-Ingold-Prelon sequence 顺序规则Symmetry factor 对称因素Plane of symmetry 对称面Mirror symmetry 镜面对称Enantiomer 对映[异构]体[♓⏹✌⏹♦♓☜◆❍☜]Diastereomer 非对映[异构]体[ ♎♋♓☜♦♦♓☜❒♓☜◆❍☜]Epimer 差向异构体[ ♏☐♓❍☜]Anomer 端基[差向]异构体Erythro configuration 赤型构型Erythro isomer 赤型异构体Threo configuration 苏型构型Threo isomer 苏型异构体Trigonal carbon 三角型碳Cis-trans isomerism 顺反异构E isomer E异构体Z isomer Z异构体Endo isomer 内型异构体Exo isomer 外型异构体Prochirality 前手性Pro-R group 前R基团Pro-S proup 前S基团Re face Re面Si face Si面Racemic mixture 外消旋混合物[❒☜♦♓❍♓]Racemic compound 外消旋化合物Racemic solid solution 外消旋固体溶液Meso compound 内消旋化合物Quasi recemate 准外消旋体[ˈkwɑ:zi(:),ˈkweis ai]Conformation 构象Conformational 构象的Torsion angle 扭转角Rotamer 旋转异构体Anti conformation 反式构象Bisecting conformation 等分构象Anti periplanar conformation 反叠构象Synperiplanar conformation 顺叠构象Synclinal conformation 反错构象Synclinal conformation 顺错构象Eclipsed conformation 重叠构象Gauche conformation, skew con-formation 邻位交叉构象Staggered conformation 对位交叉构象Steric effect 空间效应[ˈstiərik,ˈsterik]Steric hindrance 位阻Atropismer 阻转异构体Puckered ring 折叠环Conformational inversion 构象反转Chair conformation 椅型构象Boat conformation 船型构象Twist conformation 扭型构象Skew boat conformation 扭船型构象Half-chair conformation 半椅型构象Pseudorotation 假旋转Envelope conformation 信封[型]构象Axial bond 直[立]键[ˈæksi:əl]Equatorial bond 平[伏]键[ˌi:kwəˈtɔ:ri:əl, -ˈtəʊr-, ˌekwə-]Cisoid conformation 顺向构象Transoid conformation 反向构象Retention of configuration 构型保持Regioselectivity 区域选择性Regiospecificity 区域专一性Stereocelectivity 立体选择性Stereospecificty 立体专一性Conformer 构象异构体Conformational effect 构象效应Cram’s rube 克拉姆规则Prelog’rule普雷洛格规则Stereochemical orientation 立体[化学]取向Conformational transmission 构象传递Homolog 同系物Ipso position 本位Ortho position 邻位Meta position 间位Para position 对位Amphi position 远位Peri position 近位Trigonal hybridization 三角杂化Molecular orbiral method 分子轨道法Valence bond method 价键法Delocalezed bond 离域键Cross conjugation 交叉共轭Vinylog 插烯物Mesomeric effect 中介效应Resonance 共振[ˈrezənəns]Resonance effect 共振效应Hyperconjugation 超共轭Isovalent hyperconjugation 等价超共轭No-bond resonance 无键共振Aromaticity 芳香性Aromatic sexter 芳香六隅Huckel’rule休克尔规则Paramagnetic ring current 顺磁环电流Diamagnetic ring cruuent 抗磁环电流Homoaromaticity 同芳香性Antiaromaticity 反芳香性Alternant hydrocarbon 交替烃Non-alternant hydrocarbon 非交替烷Pericyclic reaction 周环反应Electrocyclic rearrangement 电环[化]重排Conrotatory 顺旋Disroatatory 对旋Cycloaddition 环加成Symmetry forbidden-reaction 对称禁阻反应Synfacial reaction 同面反应Antarafacial reaction 异面反应Mobius system 默比乌斯体系Leois structure 路易斯结构Coordinate-covalent bond 配位共价键Banana bond 香蕉键Pauling electronegativity scale 鲍林电负性标度Polarizability 可极化性Inductive effect 诱导效应Field effect 场效应Electrical effect 电场效应tautomerism 互变异构Tautomerization 互变异构化Keto-enol tautomerism 酮-烯醇互变异构Phenol-keto tautomerism 酚-酮互变异构Imine-enamine atutomerism 亚胺-烯胺互变异构Ring-chain tautomerism 环-链互变异构Valence tautomerism 价互变异构Ambident 两可[的]Solvent effect 溶剂效应Acid-base catalyxed reaction 酸性溶剂Basic solvent 碱性溶剂Dielectric constant 介电常数Solvated electron 溶剂化电子Acid-base catalyzed reaction 酸碱催化反应Conjugate base 共轭酸Conjugate base 共轭碱Therm odynamic acidity 热力学酸度Kinetic acidity 动力学酸度Electron donof-acceptor complex,EDAcomplex 电子给[体]受体络合物Host 主体Guest 客体Primary isotope effect 一级同位素效应Secondary isotope effect 二级同位数效应Inverse isotope effect 逆同位素效应Kinetic control 动力学控制Thermodynamic control 热力学控制Substrate 底物Intermediate 中间体Reactive intermediate 活泼中间体Microscopic reversibility 微观可逆性Hammond postulate 哈蒙德假说Linear free energy 线性自由能Non-bonded interaction 非键相互作用Torsional effect 扭转效应Pitzer strain 皮策张力Restricted rotation 阻碍旋转Eclipsing effect 重叠效应Eclipsing strain 重叠张力Small-angle strain 小角张力Large angle strain 大角张力Transannular interaction 跨环相互作用Transannular strain 跨环张力I strain 内张力F strain 前张力B strain 后张力Anomeric effect 端基异构效应Walden inversion 瓦尔登反转Racemization 外消旋化Isoinversion 等反转Isoracemization 等消旋Homochiral 纯手性[的]Mechanism 机理Unimolecular nucleophilic 单分子亲核取代Bimolecular nucleophilic sub-stitution 双分子亲核取代Bimolecular nucleophilic substi-tution(with allyl ic rearrange-ment) 双分子亲核取代（含烯丙型重排）Internal nucleophilic substiru-tion 分子内亲核取代Aromatic nucleophilic substitu-tion 芳香亲核取代Unimolecular electrophilic sub-stitution 单分子亲电取代Bimolecular electrophilic substi-tution 双分子亲电取代Nucleophile-assisted unimolecu-lar electrophilic substitution 亲核体协助单分子亲电取代Unimolecular elimination 单分子消除Bimolecular elimination 双分子消除Unimolecular elimination through the conjugate base 单分子共轭碱消除Bimolecular elimination through the conjugate b ase 双分子共轭碱消除Bimolecular elimination with for-mation of a car bonyl group 双分子羰基形成消除Unimolecular acid-catalyzed acyl-oxygen cleava ge 单分子酸催化酰氧断裂Bimolecular base-catalyzed acyl-oxygen cleavag e 双分子碱催化酰氧断裂Unimolecular acid-catalyzed alkyl-oxygen cleav age 单分子酸催化烷氧断裂Bimllecular base-catalyzed alkyl-oxygen cleavag e 双分子碱催化烷氧断裂π-allyl complex mechanism π烯丙型络合机理Borderline mechanism 边理机理Homolysis 均裂Heterolysis 异裂Heterolytic michanism 异裂机理Counrer[gegen]ion 反荷离子Ion pair 离子对Carbocation 碳正离子[ˌkɑ:bəˈkeiʃən] Nonclassical carbocation 非经典碳正离子Carbanion 碳负离子[ˈkɑ:bənaiən]Masked carbanion 掩蔽碳负离子Carbenoid 卡宾体Carbene 卡宾[ ♌♓⏹]Nitrene 氮宾[ ⏹a♓♦❒♓⏹]Carbine 碳炔[ ♌♋♓⏹] Electrophilic addition 亲电加成Electrophile 亲电体Diaxial addition 双直键加成Markovnikov’s rube 马尔科夫尼科规则Anti-Markovnikov addition 反马氏加成Michael addition 迈克尔加成Substitution 取代Electrophilic substitution 亲电取代Addition-elimination mechanism 加成消除机理[ˈmekənizəm]Electrophilic aromatic substitu-tion 亲电芳香取代Electron transfer 电子转移Electron-donating group 给电子基团Electron-Withdrawing group 吸电子基团Deactivating group 钝化基团Orinentation 取向Ortho-para directing group 邻对位定位基Meta directing group 间位定位基Ortho effect 邻位效应Partial rate factor 分速度系数Nucleophilic reaction 亲核反应Internal return 内返Nucleophilicity 亲核体Nucleophilicity 亲核性α-effect α-效应Backside attack 背面进攻Inversion 反转Umbrella effect 伞效应Push-pull effect 推拉效应Leaving group 离去基团Electrofuge 离电体Nucleofuge 离核体Phase-transfer catalysis 相转移催化Neighboring group participation 邻基基参与Neighboring proup assistance,anchimeric assista nce 邻助作用Neighboring group effect 邻基效应Apofacial reaction 反面反应Briddgehead displacement 桥头取代Aryl action 芳正离子Benzyne 苯炔Zaitsev rule 札依采夫规则Anti-Zaitsev orientation 反札依采夫定向Hofmann’s rule 霍夫曼规则Bredt rule 布雷特规则Initiation 引发Anionic cleavage 负离子裂解Partial bond fixation 键[的]部分固定化exothermic发热的，放出热量的[ˌeksəuˈθə:mik]各种反应类型Halogenations reaction卤化反应Hydrogenation reaction氢化反应Alkylation reaction烷基化（烃化）反应Hydrocarbylation 烃基化反应Oxidation and reduction reaction氧化还原反Reductive amination还原胺化反应Cross-coupling reaction交叉耦合反应Cycloaddition reaction环加成反应Rearrangement reaction重排反应Acylation reaction酰化反应Acetylization reaction乙酰化反应Amide reaction酰胺反应Sulfonylation磺酰化反应Nitration reaction硝化反应Esterification酯化反应Anhydride reaction酸酐反应Oximation reaction肟化反应Coupled（或coupling）reaction偶联反应1,3-dipolar cycloaddition 1,3-偶极环加成Pericyclic reaction周环反应Hydrolysis reaction 水解反应Ester hydrolysis 酯水解反应Hydrolytic-polymeric reaction水解聚合反应Dehydrogenation reaction脱氢反应Dehydrohalogenation reaction 脱卤化氢反应Dehydration reaction脱水反应Decarboxylation reaction脱羧反应Addition reaction加成反应Substitution reaction取代反应Cracking reaction 裂化反应Elimination reaction消除反应And metal response reaction与活泼金属反应Phase transfer catalytic reaction相转移催化反应Acid-base catalyzed reaction酸碱催化反应Polymerization reaction聚合反应Polycondensation reaction缩聚反应Condensation reaction 缩合反应Silver mirror reaction银镜反应Nucleophilic reaction亲核反应Electrophilic reaction亲电反应Nucleophilic cycloaddition reaction亲核环加成反应Nucleophilic substitution亲核取代反应Electrophilic substitution亲电取代反应Unimolecular electrophilic substitution单分子亲电取代反应Bimolecular electrophilic substitution双分子亲电取代反应Unimolecular elimination reaction单分子消除反应Bimolecular elimination reaction双分子消除反应Unimolecular nucleophilic substitution单分子亲核取代Bimolecular nucleophilic substitution双分子亲核取代反应Internal nucleophilic substitution分子内亲核取代Aromatic nucleophilic substitution reaction芳香亲核取代反应活化剂的中英文名称Bis(2-ethylhexyl) sebacate （癸二酸二仲辛酯；癸二酸二2-乙基己酯）Zinc stearate （硬脂酸锌）Suberic acid （辛二酸）Adipic acid, （己二酸）Hexanedioic acid, （己二酸）Sebacic acid, dibutyl ester （癸二酸二丁酯）Abietic acid （松香酸）Lactic acid （乳酸）Poly(ethylene glycol) （聚乙二醇）Glycerol stearate （硬脂酸甘油酯）Imidazoline （咪唑啉，间二氮杂环戊烯）β-Pinene （β-蒎烯，β-松油二环烯）Adipic acid （脂肪酸）Butyl acetate （乙酸丁酯）Ethylene glycol butyl ether （乙二醇丁醚）Sebacic acid, （癸二酸）Decanedioic acid, （癸二酸）Ethylene glycol ethyl ether （乙二醇乙醚）2-Butenedioic acid (E)-, （2-丁烯二酸）Succinic acid, （琥珀酸，丁二酸）Ethylene glycol methyl ether （乙二醇甲醚）Acetyl acetate （乙酸乙酰脂）1H-Benzotriazole （1-H-笨并三唑）α-Pinene （α-蒎烯,α-松香二环烯）Salicylic acid (水杨酸)Iso-Propanol (异丙醇)Benzoic acid (苯甲酸)Ethanol (乙醇)Lysine (赖氨酸)Glutamic acid (谷氨酸,2-氨基戊二酸) Glyceroyl, （甘油酰）N,N,N',N'-Tetrakis-(2-hydroxypropyl)-ethylene-diamine（N，N，N，N-四（2-羟基丙基）乙烯二氨）Isoleucine, （异亮氨酸）Decamethylenedicarboxylic acid, disalicyloylhy drazide （Tris(2,3-dibromopropyl)isocyanurate（3（2，3-2溴丙基）异氰尿酸盐）3-(N-Salicyloyl)amino-1,2,4-triazole （3-（N-水杨酰）氨-1，2，4-三唑）Isocyanuric acid （异氰尿酸）Salicylamide （水杨酰胺）Polyethylene glycol （聚乙二醇）Diethylene glycol diethyl ether （二甘醇二乙醚，（一缩）二乙二醇二乙醚）Butyl carbitol （丁基卡必醇）Ethyl carbitol （乙基卡必醇）Methyl carbitol （甲基卡必醇）Ethylene glycol monobutyl ether （乙二醇单丁醚）Glutaric acid （戊二酸，谷酸）Succinic acid （琥珀酸，丁二酸）Citric acid （柠檬酸）Salicylic acid （水杨酸）Lactic acid （2-羟基丙酸，乳酸）Glycerin monostearate （甘油一硬脂酸）Pentaerythritol （季戊四醇）tetrakis[β-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-phenyl)pr opionate] 四[β-（3，5-二叔丁基-4-羟基-苯基）丙酸酯Dioctyl sebacate （癸二酸二辛酯）N-Methyl pyrrolidone, （N-甲基吡咯烷酮）Diethylene glycol ethyl ether （二甘醇乙醚）Propylene glycol （丙二醇）Octanedioic acid （辛二酸）Oleamide （油酸酰胺）[olamine 乙醇胺]2-Mercapto benzothiazole （2-巯基-苯并噻唑）Nonanedioic acid, （壬二酸）cis-9-Octadecenoic acid, （顺式-9-十八炭烯酸，油酸）Sebacic acid, uses （癸二酸）12-Hydroxy stearic acid （十二羟基硬脂酸）Phthalic acid （苯二甲酸）1,1,3-Tris(2-methyl-4-hydroxy-5-tert-butylpheny l)butane（1，1，3-三（2-甲基-4-羟基-5-叔丁基苯基）丁烷）1,3,5-Trimethyl-2,4,6-tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hyd roxybenzyl)benzene（1，3，5-三甲基-2，4，6-三（3，5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基）苯）1-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone, （1-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮）Carbonic acid, （碳酸）Phthalic acid, （苯二甲酸）Malic acid （苹果酸,羟基丁二酸）2,3-Dibromo-2-butene-1,4-diol （2，3-二溴-2-丙烯-1，4-二醇）Cetylpyridinium bromide （溴代十六烷基吡啶）Pentanedioic acid （戊二酸） pentanediol (戊二醇)pentanoic acid ( 戊酸) pentanol (戊醇) Butanedioic acid, （丁二酸）1,2-Dibromoethylbenzene （1，2-二溴乙基苯）Salicylic acid, （水杨酸）Stearic acid （硬脂酸）Pentanedioic acid （戊二酸）Maleic acid, （马来酸，失水苹果酸）Phthalic acid, （苯二甲酸）Tartaric acid, （酒石酸）Acetic acid, （乙酸）Polyoxyethylene octylphenol ether （聚氧乙烯辛基酚醚，聚氧化亚乙基辛基分醚）Ethanedioic acid, （乙二酸）Polyethylene glycol （聚乙二醇）Diethylene glycol butyl ether （二甘醇丁醚）Diethylene glycol monoethyl ether （二甘醇单乙醚）Ethylene glycol monobutyl ether （乙二醇单丁醚）Pentaerythritol, （季戊四醇）Diglycol, （二甘醇，一缩二乙二醇）Hexylene glycol （己二醇）Ethylene glycol, （乙二醇）Glycerol, （甘油,丙三醇）Cyclobutanediamine （环丁烷二胺）Dibromobutenediol （二溴丁二醇）Cyclohexanediamine （环己烷二胺）Succinamide （琥珀酰胺，丁二酸胺）Ethylenediamine, （乙二胺）Triethanolamine, （三乙醇胺）5-Aminoisophthalic acid （5-氨基间苯二甲酸）p-tert-Butylbenzoic acid （对叔丁基苯甲酸）Propionic acid, （丙酸）Benzoic acid, （安息香酸, 苯(甲)酸）Salicylamide （水杨酰胺）Aniline, （苯胺）Palmitic acid, （棕榈酸, 十六酸, 软脂酸）Glutamic acid, （谷氨酸） Glutaric acid (谷酸，戊二酸)Glycine, （甘氨酸，氨基乙酸）Malic acid （苹果酸,羟基丁二酸）Adipic acid, （己二酸）Diethanolamine （二乙醇胺）Triethylamine, （三乙胺）Malic acid （苹果酸）Oxalic acid, （草酸）Oleic acid, （油酸）Glutaric acid (谷氨酸)Sorbic acid （山梨酸） sorbic alcohol (山梨醇)=sorbitReactant 反应物nProduct 产物nCatalyst 催化剂catalytic agent，catalyzer Degree Celsius摄氏度Sodium Borohydride硼氢化钠Lithium Aluminum Hydride (LAH)氢化铝锂Lithiumtrit-ButoxyaluminohydrideLiAlH(O t-C4H9)3叔丁氧基氢化铝锂Diisobutylaluminum Hydride AlH[CH2CH(CH3)2]2二异丙基氢化铝Diborane B2H6硼烷Reactive Metals 活泼金属如 Na, or Li, or K ，Mg or Al or Zn or FePotassium carbonate碳酸钾Sodium carbonate 碳酸钠Sodium bicarbonate 碳酸氢钠[♌♋♓♌☜⏹♓♦]Sodium chloride氯化钠Sodium acetate 乙酸钠Sodium cyanide[ˈsaɪəˌnaɪd]氰化钠Sodium methoxide或Sodium methylate甲醇钠，甲氧基钠Sodium ethoxide[ˈsəʊdi:əm i:ˈθɔksaid]或Sodium ethylate[ˈsəʊdi:əm ˈeθileit]乙醇钠Sodium sulfate 硫酸钠Magnesium sulfate [mægˈni:zi:əm ]硫酸镁Acetic acid乙酸Formic acid甲酸Ammonium format甲酸铵Formamide[fɔ:ˈmæmid]或formyl amide 甲酰胺formaldehyde甲醛[fɔ:ˈmældəˌhaɪd]Methyl iodide碘甲烷Potassium iodide碘化钾[☐☜♦✌♦✋☜❍] Potassium chloride氯化钾Potassium cyanide[ˈsaɪəˌnaɪd]氰化钾Dimethyl sulfate硫酸二甲酯Palladium –carbon 钯碳Pd/C [pəˈleidiəm] Palladium chloride氯化钯Palladium diacetate醋酸钯Chloroacetone 氯丙酮Tetrabutyl ammonium bromide四丁基溴化铵Tetrabutyl ammonium fluoride四丁基氟化铵容器类：量杯measuring cup烧杯beaker 不锈钢杯stainless-steel beaker 量筒measuring flask/measuring cylinder 量筒graduated flask/measuring cylinder坩埚crucible 坩埚钳crucible clamp 坩埚crucible pot, melting pot试管test tube 试管架test tube holder漏斗funnel 分液漏斗separatory funnel烧瓶flask 锥形瓶conical flask塞子stopper洗瓶plastic wash bottle滴定管burette玻璃活塞stopcock冷凝器condenser试剂瓶reagent bottles玻棒glass rod 搅拌棒stirring rod蒸馏烧瓶distilling flask碘量瓶iodine flask表面皿watch glass蒸发皿evaporating dish容量瓶volumetric flask/measuring flask移液管(one-mark) pipette刻度移液管graduated pipettes称量瓶weighing bottle吸液管pipette滤管filter天平balance/scale分析天平analytical balance台秤platform balance游码crossbeams and sliding weights酒精灯alcohol burner酒精喷灯blast alcohol burner搅拌装置stirring device洗耳球rubber suction bulb研磨钵mortar 研磨棒pestle 玛瑙研钵agate mortar瓷器porcelain白细口瓶flint glass solution bottle with stopper 滴瓶dropping bottle 小滴管dropper蒸馏装置distilling apparatus蒸发器evaporator试验用器材：升降台lab jack铁架台iron support万能夹extension clamp蝴蝶夹double-buret clamp双顶丝clamp regular holder止水夹flatjaw pinchcock圆形漏斗架cast-iron ring移液管架pipet rack试管架tube rack沸石boiling stone橡胶管rubber tubing药匙lab spoon镊子forceps坩埚钳crucible tong剪刀scissor打孔器stopper borer石棉网asbestos-free wire gauze电炉丝wire coil for heater脱脂棉absorbent cottonphph试纸universal ph indicator paper滤纸filter paper称量纸weighing paper擦镜纸wiper for lens秒表stopwatch量杯glass graduates with scale白滴定管（酸）flint glass burette with glass stopcock 棕色滴定管（酸）brown glass burette with glass stopcock白滴定管（碱）flint glass burette for alkali棕色滴定管（碱）brown glass burette for alkali 比重瓶specific gravity bottle水银温度计mercury-filled thermometerph计ph meter折光仪refractometer真空泵vacuum pump冷、热浴bath离心机centrifuge口罩respirator防毒面具respirator、gasmask磁力搅拌器magnetic stirrer电动搅拌器power basic stirrer烘箱oven闪点仪flash point tester马弗炉furnace电炉heater微波炉电热套heating mantleBunsen burner 本生灯product 化学反应产物apparatus 设备PH indicator PH值指示剂,氢离子(浓度的)负指数指示剂matrass 卵形瓶litmus 石蕊litmus paper 石蕊试纸burette 滴定管retort 曲颈甑still 蒸馏釜cupel 烤钵化学反应：analysis 分解fractionation 分馏endothermic reaction 吸热反应exothermic reaction 放热反应precipitation 沉淀to precipitate 沉淀to distil, to distill 蒸馏distillation 蒸馏to calcine 煅烧。
四种烷基咪唑磷酸酯离子液体的热力学性质
化工进展Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress2024 年第 43 卷第 3 期四种烷基咪唑磷酸酯离子液体的热力学性质刘泽鹏，曾纪珺，唐晓博，赵波，韩升，廖袁淏，张伟（西安近代化学研究所氟氮化工资源高效开发与利用国家重点实验室，陕西 西安 710065）摘要：针对烷基咪唑磷酸酯离子液体的热物性数据较少的问题，本文在常压下测定了1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑磷酸二氢盐（[EMIM][DHP]）、1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑磷酸二甲酯盐（[EMIM][DMP]）、1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑磷酸二乙酯盐（[EMIM][DEP]）、1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑磷酸二丁酯盐（[BMIM][DBP]）四种烷基咪唑磷酸酯离子液体的密度、黏度（293.15~353.15K ）和电导率（293.15~343.15K ），并且测定了四种离子液体的热稳定性。
结果表明，离子液体的密度、黏度随温度的升高而减小，而电导率随温度的升高而增大。
采用自然对数方程关联四种离子液体的密度，根据实验值计算到了离子液体体积性质；采用VFT 方程关联离子液体黏度和电导率，其中密度与电导率的实验值与模型相关系数R 2达到0.9999，黏度相关系数R 2达到0.99999，实验测定的数据与模型一致；四种离子液体的热稳定性相近，分解温度均在271.9~278.6℃范围内；瓦尔登规则分析表明，四种烷基咪唑磷酸酯离子液体符合Walden 规则，而[EMIM][DMP]和[EMIM][DEP]被归类为“good ionic liquids ”。
关键词：烷基咪唑磷酸酯离子液体；密度；黏度；电导率；热稳定性中图分类号：TQ013.1 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1000-6613（2024）03-1484-08Thermodynamic properties of four alkyl imidazolium phosphate ionicliquidsLIU Zepeng ，ZENG Jijun ，TANG Xiaobo ，ZHAO Bo ，HAN Sheng ，LIAO Yuanhao ，ZHANG Wei(State Key Laboratory of Fluorine & Nitrogen Chemicals, Xi ’an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi ’an 710065,Shaanxi, China)Abstract: The density, viscosity, and conductivity of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium dihydrogen-phosphate ([EMIM][DHP]), 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium dimethylphosphate ([EMIM][DMP]), 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium diethylphosphate ([EMIM][DEP]) and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium dibutyl-phosphate ([BMIM][DBP]) ionic liquids were measured in the temperature range of 293.15K to 353.15K under ambient conditions. Some important volumetric properties, including the isobaric thermal expansion coefficients, molecular volume, standard entropy and lattice potential energy were calculated from the experimental density values. The thermal gravimetric analysis was performed in the temperature range of 35℃ to 700℃, resulting in thermal decomposition temperatures up to 271.9—278.6℃. The Walden rule analysis demonstrated that four phosphate ionic liquids complied with the Walden rule well, while [EMIM][DMP] and [EMIM][DEP] were classified as “good ionic liquids ”.Keywords: alkyl imidazolium phosphate ionic liquids; density; viscosity; conductivity; thermal stability研究开发DOI ：10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2023-1722收稿日期：2023-09-28；修改稿日期：2023-12-05。
4-溴甲基苯硼酸作为双氧水的响应基团
4-溴甲基苯硼酸作为双氧水的响应基团下载提示：该文档是本店铺精心编制而成的，希望大家下载后，能够帮助大家解决实际问题。
文档下载后可定制修改，请根据实际需要进行调整和使用，谢谢!本店铺为大家提供各种类型的实用资料，如教育随笔、日记赏析、句子摘抄、古诗大全、经典美文、话题作文、工作总结、词语解析、文案摘录、其他资料等等，想了解不同资料格式和写法，敬请关注!Download tips: This document is carefully compiled by this editor. I hope that after you download it, it can help you solve practical problems. The document can be customized and modified after downloading, please adjust and use it according to actual needs, thank you! In addition, this shop provides you with various types of practical materials, such as educational essays, diary appreciation, sentence excerpts, ancient poems, classic articles, topic composition, work summary, word parsing, copy excerpts, other materials and so on, want to know different data formats and writing methods, please pay attention!4溴甲基苯硼酸作为双氧水的响应基团在化学研究中，双氧水是一种常见的氧化剂，广泛应用于有机合成、环境保护和生物医学领域。
HRAC-Classification of Herbicides According to Mod
Classification of Herbicides According to Mode of ActionFarmers, advisors and researchers should know which herbicides are best suited to combat specific resistant weeds. To support the use of herbicides suitable for resistance management the enclosed classification of herbicides is proposed.The herbicides are classified alphabetically according to their target sites, modes of action, similarity of induced symptoms or chemical classes.If different herbicide groups share the same mode or site of action only one letter is used. In the case of photosynthesis inhibitors subclasses C1, C2 and C3 indicate different binding behaviour at the binding protein D1 or different classes. Bleaching can be caused by different ways. Accordingly subgroups F1, F2 and F3 are introduced. Growth inhibition can be induced by herbicides from subgroups K1, K2 and K3. Herbicides with unknown modes or sites of action are classified in group Z as "unknown" until they can be grouped exactly.Classification of HerbicidesIn order to avoid confusion with I and O categories J and Q are omitted. New herbicides will be classified in the respective groups or in new groups (R, S, T...).Since the system was in part developed in co-operation with the "Weed Science Society of America (WSSA)" new herbicides should be categorised jointly by HRAC and WSSA.For reference the numerical system of the WSSA is listed, too.The aim of HRAC is to create a uniform classification of herbicide modes of action in as many countries as possible.Such a classification system can be useful for many instances but there are cases where weeds exhibit multiple resistance across many of the groups listed and in these cases the key may be of limited value.The system itself is not based on resistance risk assessment but can be used by the farmer or advisor as a tool to choose herbicides in different mode of action groups, so that mixtures or rotations of active ingredients can be planned.For a figure of the chemical groups involved each HRAC Group, click on the letter in the table below. A synoptic graphic of the HRAC groups is also available.The WSSA and HRAC systems differ in minor ways. Herbicides in italics are listed on the HRAC classification system but are not listed on the WSSA classification.January 2005 HRAC: Herbicide classificationRemarks:According to information and comments following herbicides are classified in the January 2005 version in HRAC (WSSA) groups:B (2): cancelled: #9; #9; procarbazone Approved ISO name: propoxycarbazone E (14): cancelled: pyrazogyl Approved name: pyraclonil。
有机化学课后习题参考答案完整版(汪小兰第四版)
目录第一章绪论 (1)第二章饱和烃 (2)第三章不饱和烃 (6)第四章环烃 (14)第五章旋光异构 (23)第六章卤代烃 (28)第七章波谱法在有机化学中的应用 (33)第八章醇酚醚 (43)第九章醛、酮、醌 (52)第十章羧酸及其衍生物 (63)第十一章取代酸 (71)第十二章含氮化合物 (77)第十三章含硫和含磷有机化合物 (85)第十四章碳水化合物 (88)第十五章氨基酸、多肽与蛋白质 (99)第十六章类脂化合物 (104)第十七章杂环化合物 (113)Fulin 湛师第一章 绪论1.1扼要归纳典型的以离子键形成的化合物与以共价键形成的化合物的物理性质。
答案：1.2 NaCl 与KBr 各1mol 溶于水中所得的溶液与NaBr 及KCl 各1mol 溶于水中所得溶液是否相同？如将CH 4及CCl 4各1mol 混在一起，与CHCl 3及CH 3Cl 各1mol 的混合物是否相同？为什么？ 答案：NaCl 与KBr 各1mol 与NaBr 及KCl 各1mol 溶于水中所得溶液相同。
因为两者溶液中均为Na +,K +,Br －, Cl －离子各1mol 。
由于CH 4与CCl 4及CHCl 3与CH 3Cl 在水中是以分子状态存在，所以是两组不同的混合物。
1.3碳原子核外及氢原子核外各有几个电子？它们是怎样分布的？画出它们的轨道形状。
当四个氢原子与一个碳原子结合成甲烷（CH 4）时，碳原子核外有几个电子是用来与氢成键的？画出它们的轨道形状及甲烷分子的形状。
答案：C+624H CCH 4中C 中有4个电子与氢成键为SP 3杂化轨道,正四面体结构CH 4SP 3杂化2p y2p z2p x2sH1.4写出下列化合物的Lewis 电子式。
a.C 2H 4b.CH 3Clc.NH 3d.H 2Se.HNO 3f.HCHOg.H 3PO 4h.C 2H 6i.C 2H 2j.H 2SO 4 答案：a.C C H H HHCC HH HH或 b.H C H c.H N Hd.H S He.H O NO f.O C H Hg.O POO H H Hh.H C C HHH H HO P O O H HH或i.H C C Hj.O S O HH OH H或1.5下列各化合物哪个有偶极矩？画出其方向。
《化妆品中3-亚苄基樟脑等22种防晒剂的检测方法》
附件化妆品中3- 亚苄基樟脑等22 种防晒剂的检测方法Determination of 3-benzylidene camphor andother 21 kinds of sunscreens in cosmetics1 范围本方法规定了高效液相色谱法测定化妆品中3-亚苄基樟脑等22种防晒剂的含量。
本方法适用于水基类、凝胶类、膏霜乳液类、粉类和蜡基类等化妆品中3-亚苄基樟脑等22种防晒剂含量的测定。
本方法所包含的22种防晒剂名称、CAS号等信息见附录A 。
2 方法提要样品提取后，经高效液相色谱仪分离，二极管阵列检测器检测，采用保留时间和紫外光谱图定性，峰面积定量，以标准曲线法计算含量。
本方法中各组分的检出限、定量下限及取样量为0.25g时的检出浓度和最低定量浓度见表1。
表1 22种组分的检出限、定量限、检出浓度和最低定量浓度序号组分名称检出限定量下检出浓定量浓（ng）限（ng）度（%）度（%）1 3- 亚苄基樟脑 1.9 6.3 0.02 0.062 4- 甲基苄亚基樟脑 3.0 10 0.03 0.103 试剂和材料 除另有规定外， 本方法所用试剂均为分析纯或以上规格， 水为GB/T 6682规定的一级水。
3.1 甲醇，色谱纯。
3.2 四氢呋喃，色谱纯。
3.3 高氯酸，优级纯。
3.4 乙酸铵，分析纯。
3.5 混合溶剂 1：甲醇+四氢呋喃 +水+高氯酸 = 250 mL +450 mL +300 mL +0.25 mL序号 组分名称3 二苯酮 -34 二苯酮 -4 或二苯酮 -5 （以酸计） 5 亚苄基樟脑磺酸（以酸计）6 双 -乙基己氧苯酚甲氧苯基三嗪7 丁基甲氧基二苯甲酰基甲烷8 樟脑苯扎铵甲基硫酸盐 9二乙氨羟苯甲酰基苯甲酸己酯 10 二乙基己基丁酰胺基三嗪酮 11 甲酚曲唑三硅氧烷 12 二甲基 PABA 乙基己酯 13 甲氧基肉桂酸乙基己酯 14 水杨酸乙基己酯 15 乙基己基三嗪酮 16 胡莫柳酯17 对甲氧基肉桂酸异戊酯18 亚甲基双 -苯并三唑基四甲基丁基酚 19 奥克立林（以酸计） 20 苯基苯并咪唑磺酸（以酸计）21 对苯二亚甲基二樟脑磺酸（以酸计） 22苯基二苯并咪唑四磺酸酯二钠检出限 定量下 检出浓 定量浓 （ng ）限（ng ） 度（%） 度（%）3.1 10 0.03 0.10 3.5 12 0.04 0.12 2.4 7.9 0.02 0.08 3.1 10 0.03 0.10 3.9 13 0.04 0.13 1.9 6.2 0.02 0.06 6.3 21 0.06 0.21 0.6 2.1 0.01 0.03 1.8 6.0 0.02 0.06 2.4 8.0 0.03 0.09 2.5 8.3 0.03 0.09 7.2 24 0.07 0.24 1.44.6 0.02 0.06 1239 0.12 0.39 1.2 4.2 0.01 0.04 1.2 3.9 0.01 0.04 5.9 20 0.06 0.20 2.2 7.4 0.02 0.07 2.89.3 0.03 0.09 0.6 1.50.010.033.6 0.02mol/L 乙酸铵溶液：称取乙酸铵（ 3.4） 1.54g，加水1000mL 溶解，用磷酸调pH至5.0。