高考英语8月考前突破阅读理解能力文化教育 WHO公布全球酒精与健康状况报告素材

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高考英语8月考前突破阅读理解能力文化教育男人平均

男人平均每天多少次联想到性？It's a stat that gets bounced around as e-mail-forward wis dom: men think about sex every seven seconds.据一封被广为转发的电子邮件中的数据表明：男人每七秒钟就会想到性。

Even when the idea lacks this mythical specificity and grandiosity (that's 7,200 times a day!), the idea that men think about sex basically all the time is widespread. And so, it is possible to attach all kinds of bogus（伪造的） statistics to the feeling that men are sex-crazed pigs.But the actual number of times that men think about sex in a day is not clear-cut in scientific research. There is no perfect technology that taps into one's sexy brain waves.What researchers really do is come up with clever ways of asking people what they're thinking about. They call it "experience sampling." So, in a recent study, Ohio State University researchers gave people a clicker and were asked to hit one of three buttons on it--sex, food, sleep--every time the thought of one of those things came to mind. Their study showed that the average man had 19 thoughts about sex in a day.But the design of the study could have influenced the frequency count, writes cognitive scientist Tom Stafford in a new column. If you tell people to try to notice every time they think about something, you might very well incre ase the frequency of their thoughts about that thing. (Researchers call this the "white bear problem.")Other researchers--who use different sampling methods--get different results. So, a phone-based survey that asked participants more free-form questions seven times a day found that men think about sex less than they think about "food, sleep, personal hygiene（卫生）, social contact, time off, and (until about 5 p.m.) coffee."If you put these two studies together, as Stafford does, it's obvious that the technique influences, if not outright dominates, the phenomenon being studied.And yet the experience sampling method has gotten more popular, in part because everyone has a little computer in their hands all the time, which makes surveying much, much, much easier. "Smartphones are an ideal platform for conducting Experience Sampling Method (ESM) based studies," a recent review of sampling techniques found.1。

2021年高考英语8月考前冲破阅读明白得能力文化教育小布什为老布什所著传记即将完成素材

小布什为老布什所著传记即将完成His paintings made news worldwide, but it turns out that former President George W. Bush has been working on another, highly personal project since leaving the White House: He has quietly completed a biography of his father, former President George H.W. Bush.小布什的画作曾知名全世界，只是自离任后，他一直专注于另一项私人事业。

此刻，他已经快要完成他的父亲——老布什的传记写作了。

Crown Publishers confirmed that the book, currently untitled, will be released November 11. In 2020, Crown published the younger Bush's million-selling memoir, "Decision Points.""George H.W. Bush is a great servant, statesman, and father," George W. Bush said in a statement issued by Crown. "I loved writing the story of his life, and I hope others en joy reading it." According to Crown, the book will cover the elder Bush's whole life and his influence on his son, from George W.'s "childhood in West Texas to his early campaign trips with his father, and from his decision to go into politics to his own two-term Presidency."The book will be "heartfelt, intimate, and illuminating," Crown publisher Maya Mavjee said in a statement."As the only father and son to each have served as President of the United States since John and John Quincy Adams, George H. W. Bush and George W. Bush occupy a unique position in history," Mavjee said. "George W. Bush brings to vivid life his unique perspective of the personal qualities and principles that have animated George H. W. Bush's extraordinary life of service to country and family." Financial terms were not disclosed. George W. Bush was represented by Washington attorney Robert Barnett, who also handled negotiations for "Decision Points."The relationship between the two presidents has long fascinated scholars, political insiders and the general public. Many have speculated that the younger Bush felt competitive with his father, driven to surpass him and to gain his approval.George W. Bush first thought of the book around 2020 and began writing it two years later, consulting widely with friends and family members, including his father. The book is ex pected to be around 300 pages and Crown is planning a first printing of 1 million copies. Although Bush had assistance with research, he wrote the book himself.George H.W. Bush, who turned 90 in June, was defeated for re-election in 1992 by Bill Clinton, but his stature has steadily grown. In 2021, he was the subject of an admiring HBO documentary, "41," referring to his being the 41st president. Jon Meacham, a Pulitzer Prize-winning biographer, is working on a book about Bush. "George H. W. Bush: Character at the Core," by former Bush speechwriter Curt Smith, is scheduled to come out this fall.The elder Bush is one of the few presidents in modern times not to have written a memoir. His books include "All the Best: My Life in Letters and Other Writings" and "A World Transformed," a collaboration with former National Security Advisor Brent Scowcroft.。

高考英语8月考前突破阅读理解能力文化教育首位女数学家获菲尔兹奖素材

首位女数学家获菲尔兹奖An Iranian mathematician working in the US has become the first ever female winner of the celebrated Fields Medal.一位在美国工作的伊朗数学家成为世界上首位获得菲尔兹奖的女性获奖者。

Prof Mirzakhani went to school and university in Iran before doing a PhD at Har vardIn a landmark hailed as "long overdue", Prof Maryam Mirzakhani was recognised for her work on complex geometry.Four of the medals were presented in Seoul at the International Congress of Mathematicians, held every four years.Also among the winners was Prof Martin Hairer from the University of Warwick, UK, whose work on randomness could prove useful for climate modelling.Awarded by a committee from the International Mathematical Union (IMU), the Fields Medal is regarded as something akin to a Nobel Prize for maths. It was established by Canadian mathematician John Fields and comes with a 15,000 Canadian dollar cash prize.First awarded in 1936 and then every four years since 1950, the medal is awarded to between two and four researchers, who must be no older than 40, because Fields wanted to encourage the winners to strive for（争取） "further achievement" as well as recognise their success.The other two medals were won by Dr Artur Avila, a Brazilian mathematician who earned his PhD in dynamical systems at the age of 21, and Prof Manjul Bhargava, a Canadian-American number theorist at Princeton University.。

高考英语8月考前突破阅读理解能力文化教育玛丽莲

玛丽莲·梦露：我如何保持身材How I Stay in Shape, By Marilyn Monroe我如何保持身材——玛丽莲·梦露"Frankly, I've never considered my own figure so exceptional; until quite recently, I seldom gave it any thought at all. My biggest single concern used to be getting enough to eat. Now I have to worry about eating too much. I never used to bother with exercises. Now I spend at least 10 minutes each morning working out with small weights. I have evolved my own exercises, for the muscles I wish to keep firm, and I know they are right for me because I can feel them putting the proper muscles into play as I exercise."She Doesn't Like To Feel Regimented"Exercise. Each morning after I brush my teeth, wash my face and shake off the first deep layer of sleep, I lie down on the floor beside my bed and begin my first exercise. It is a simple bust-firming routine which consists of lifting five-pound weights from a spread-eagle arm position to a point directly above my head. I do this 15 times, slowly. I repeat the exercise another 15 times from a position with my arms above my head. Then, with my arms at a 45-degree angle from the floor, I move my weights in circles until I'm tired. I don't count rhythmically like the exercisepeople on the radio; I couldn't stand exercise if I had to feel regimented（受管制的） about it."How To Feel Blond All Over"Sports. I have never cared especially for outdoor sports, and have no desire to excel at tennis, swimming, or golf. I'll leave those things to the men. Despite its great vogue in California, I don't think sun-tanned skin is any more attractive than white skin, or any healthier, for that matter. I'm personally opposed to a deep tan because I like to feel blond all over. By nature, I suppose I have a languorous （怠惰的） disposition. I hate to do things in a hurried, tense atmosphere, and it is virtually impossible for me to spring out of bed in the morning. On Sunday, which is my one day of total leisure, I sometimes take two hours to wake up, luxuriating in every last moment of drowsiness. Depending upon my activities, I sleep between five and ten hours every night. I sleep in an extra-wide single bed, and I use only one heavy down comforter over me, summer or winter. I have never been able to wear pajamas（睡衣） or creepy nightgowns; they disturb my sleep."A Set of Bizarre Eating Habits"Breakfast. I've been told that my eating habits are absolutely bizarre, but I don't think so. Before I take my morning shower, I start warming a cup of milk on the hot plate I k eep in my hotel room. When it's hot, I break two raw eggs into the milk, whip them up with a fork, and drink them while I'm dressing. I supplement this with a multi-vitamin pill, and I doubt if any doctor could recommend a more nourishing breakfast for a working girl in a hurry. Dinner. My dinners at home are startlingly simple. Every night I stop at the market near my hotel and pick up a steak, lamb chops or some liver, which I broil in the electric oven in my room. I usually eat four or five raw carrots with my meat, and that is all. I must be part rabbit; I never get bored with raw carrots. P.S. It's a good thing, I suppose, that I eat simply during the day, for in recent months I have developed the habit of stopping off at Wil Wright's ice cream parlor for a hot fudge（软糖） sundae on my way home from my evening drama classes. I'm sure that I couldn't allow myself this indulgence （嗜好，放纵） were it not that my normal diet is composed almost totally of protein foods."。

(每日一读)高考英语考前突破阅读理解能力文化教育水果蔬菜与人体健康素材

水果蔬菜与人体健康Exp erts say eating a range of fruit and veg is best, as part of a balanced diet, to protect against i llness.专家表示，吃各种水果蔬菜对身体最为有利，可以均衡饮食，预防疾病。

Research suggests eating at least seven portions of fruit and vegetables a day is more effective at preventing disease than the government's current five-a-day recommendation.Is five a day enough?Y es - but people should eat at least five portions of fruit and vegetables a day, the government says. The advice is based on World Health Organization guidelines, which are 25 years old.Dieticians say eating five a day is enough to get the protective benefits of fruit and veg - although eating more may be additionally beneficial.What counts as a portion?Fruit juice counts towards one portion of the recommended five portions per dayF or an adult, a minimum of 400g of fruit and veg should be eaten every day, or five portions of 80g.The amount varies for children, based on activity levels and age, but a rough guide is that one portion should fit in the palm of their hand.Fruit and vegetab les do not have to be eaten on their own and can be cooked in dishes such as soups, stews or pasta meals.Do tinned fruit and fruit juice count?Yes. But juice should be unsweetened, and onl y counts as one portion a day, as it contains less fibre than whole fruits a nd vegetables.Fruit must be tinned in natural juice, or wa ter, with no added sugar or sa lt, and not in syrup, which lots of fruit is.Beans and pulses also count, but again only as one portion as they contain fewer nutrients than other fruits and vegetables.Smoot hies may count towards more than one portion if they contain all the edible pulped fruit or veg, and depending on their ingredients.Recommendatio ns include frozen fruit and vegetables, and dried fruit, such a s cu rrants, dates, sultanas and figs.Those in ready-meals and shop-b ought pasta sauces, soups and puddings are also included, but advice urges "only to have them occasionally" or in small amounts as they are often high in salt, sugar a nd fat.What about potatoes?Potatoes do not count towards one of the five-a-day, but sweet potatoes do.Potatoes are not one of the five-a-day items. This is because they mainly contribute starch to a healthy di et, which is a good source of energy and helps digestion.They are classified in the same group as bread or pasta by the government.Skins should be left on when cooking as they are a good source of fibre.But sweet potatoes, parsnips, swedes and turnips do count as five-a-day foods, as they are usually eaten as well as the starchy bit of the meal.。

高考英语8月考前突破阅读理解能力国际时事要闻肯尼亚被列为埃博拉病毒传播高危国家素材

肯尼亚被列为埃博拉病毒传播高危国家The World Health Organization has classified Kenya as a "high-risk" country for the spread of the deadly Ebola virus.世界卫生组织将肯尼亚列为伊波拉病毒传播的“高危”国家。

Kenya was vulnerable because it was a major transport hub, with many flights from West Africa, a WHO official said.This is the most serious warning to date by the WHO that Ebola could sprea d to East Africa.The number of people killed by Ebola in West Africa has ri sen to 1,069, the WHO said in its latest update.Fifty-six deaths and 128 new cases were reported in the region in the two days to 11 Aug us t, it added.Canada said it would donate up to 1,000 doses of an experimental Ebola vaccine to help fight the outbreak.Airpo rt health checksIn Sierra Leone, a doctor who treated patients infected with Ebola has died, reports the BBC's Umaru Fofana fr om the capital, Freetown.Dr Modupeh Cole is the second Sierra Leonean doctor to die of the disease.In Nigeria, Africa's most populous state, a third Ebola-related death was report ed on Tuesday.1。

2021年高考英语8月考前冲破阅读明白得能力文化教育阿司匹林能降低胃癌肠癌死亡率素材

阿司匹林能降低胃癌肠癌死亡率Taking aspirin every day can reduce the chance of developing or dying from bowel and stomach cancers, a review of all available evidence suggests.已有的所有证据都说明，天天服用阿司匹林能够降低肠癌和胃癌感染率或死亡率。

And scientists predict if everyone aged 50 and above in the UK took the drug for 10 years, some 122,000 deaths could be prevented over two decades.But they warn asp irin can cause internal bleeding and say medical advice must be sought before using it.The Queen Mary University of London report is in the Annals of Oncology.Weighing up benefitsScientists examined some 200 studies investigating the benefits and harms of taking aspirin - an area of continuing medical debate.They found the drug reduced the number of cases and deaths from bowel, stomach and oe sophageal cancer by some 30-40%.There was weaker and more variable evidence that the drug reduced deaths from breast, prostate and lung cancer too.And the study found people needed to take the drug for at least five years to see any benefits.Prof Jack Cuzick, at Queen Mary University of London, who led the research, urged all healthy people aged 50 and above to consider taking a small dose (75mg) of the drug every day for a decade. Researchers predicted if 1,000 individuals aged 60 took the drug for 10 years, a further decade later there would be:16 fewer deaths from cancerOne fewer death from heart attackTwo extra deaths from bleedingProf Cuzick, who has been taking aspirin for four years, said: "Whilst there are some serious side-effects that can't be ignored, taking aspirin daily looks to be the most important thing we can do to reduce cancer after stopping smoking and reducing obesity, and will probably be much easier to implement."。

高考英语8月考前突破阅读理解能力国际时事要闻世界银行拨专款对抗埃博拉病毒素材

世界银行拨专款对抗埃博拉病毒The World Bank has announced that it is allocating $200m in emergency assistance for West African countries battling to contain the Ebola outbreak.世界银行宣布拨款2亿美元紧急援助金用于西非国家对抗埃博拉病毒。

The money will be distributed to the governments of Liberia, Sierra Leone and Guinea as well a s to the World Health Organization (WH O).The number of people killed in the outbreak has reached 887, the WHO says.The World Bank's announcement came as African leaders including 35 presidents discuss the crisis in Washington.World Bank President Jim Yong Kim - an expert on infectious diseases - said that he was "deeply saddened" by the spread of the virus and how it was contributing to the breakdown of "already weak health systems in the three c ountries"."I am very worried that many more lives are at risk unless we can stop this Ebola epidemic in its trac ks," he said.The BBC's Paul Blake in Washington says that in the the short term, the money will be used to pay health workers, dispel（消除） rumours about the disease in local communities and address the immediate needs of getting sick people into health facilities.The BBC's Tulip Mazumdar witnessed the burial of a n Ebola patientOver the long term, our correspondent says, the funds will be used to help countries deal with the economic impact of the outbreak and to monitor the spread of the disease.The package is now awaiting approval by the World Bank's Board of Directors, though officials say the confirmation could come as early as this week.1。

高考英语考前突破阅读理解能力文化教育近年美国的人口出生率持续走低素材

近年美国的人口出生率持续走低Fertility rates in the United States are continuing their decades-long decline, due in large part to a steep slide in teenage pregnancies down to historic lows, according to a new government report relea sed recently.美国政府近期发布的工作报告指出，美国的人口出生率几十年来持续走低，很大程度上是由于青少年怀孕率大幅下滑至历史新低的缘故。

The National Center for Health Statistics said the pregnancy rate of 102 pregnancies out of every 1,000 women is 12 percent below the 1990 peak of about 116 per 1,000. Only once in the past 30 years, 1997, has it been lower, and only marginally, the center said.Since 1990, the report said, pregnancy rates are down in almost every category. The only exception is among women over 30, whose pregnancy rate has increased steadily with every passing year. But the rate is declining among women in their 20s, who form the single largest group of pregnant women, and among teenagers of all races and ethnicities. The abortion rate also has dropped, reflecting a continuous slide since peaking in 1990.The report only examined the trajectory of pregnancy rates through 2009, stopping there because more recent data on abortions is not available yet. But newer statistics on birt h rates suggest thedecline is continuing, though not as quickly as it did in recent years when the recession accelerated trends well underway.Women already were having fewer children than women of their parents' and grandparents' generations, so those under 30 could postpone childbirth until the economy improved without affecting their longstanding goals of having a first or second child."What happened was a postponement of births among younger women with a longer time horizon," said Andrew Cherlin, a Johns Hopkins University sociologist specializing in family issues. "Women over 30 couldn't wait that much longer."While the decelerating decline in birth rates since 2009 r eflects the easing of the recession's impact, the striking drop in teenage pregnancies shows little sign of abating. The teen pregnancy rate in 2009, of about 38 per thousand girls, was39 percent lower than the 1991 peak of 62. Just four years later, in 2012, it reacheda record low of about 29.Sally Curtin, one of the report's authors, said the historic drop is being driven by a long, downward trend of fewer teenagers having sex, an d among those who do, a sharp increase in their use of contraceptives."It's as if both sides in the debate over teen pregnancy were right," said Cherlin, noting that concerns over the AIDS epidemic may have played a role in the growing use of con doms among teenage boys."AIDS has forced many school districts to talk about contraception, even if they didn't want to," he said.The national tren ds are evident in the Washington area.Teenage pregnancy rates have plummeted in the District, down to less than a quarter of where they were two decades ago, said Brenda Rhodes Miller, director of the DC Campaign to Prevent Teen Pregnancy. In 1993, the pregnancy rate for teenagers aged 15 to 19 was about 239 per 1,000. By 2011, it was under 55."The decline has been amazing," she said, adding that the reasons for it are not clear.Teen pregnancy rates are declining in every ward, she said, though more slowly in wards 7 and 8, which have the city's lowest income levels. More than 500 of the 879 births to Distr ict teens in 2011 were to residents of those two wards.The one-year drop was relatively small. In more affluent wards, the teen pregnancy rate dropped by doubl e digit percentages.Even with declining pregnancy rates, the United States still has one of the highest overall birth rates among industrialized countries. The 10 nations with the highest birth rates in the world are all in Africa.。

(每日一读)高考英语考前突破阅读理解能力文化教育带孩子购物对脑部发育有利素材

带孩子购物对脑部发育有利虽然说小孩子们经常会在商店里乱跑让家长一阵头疼，但一项研究却认为带孩子购物对幼儿脑部发育有利。

因为该研究认为孩子同家长在购物时的互动有利于培养幼儿们的社交能力并使他们获得更多的快乐。

Children may sulk（生气，愠怒） and play up when being dragged round the shops by their parents, but retail therapy is actually good for their brains.The interaction between child and parent while shopping helps young people develop social skills and promotes happiness - even if a bawling toddler show s few signs of it at the time.According to the joint study by Oxford Uni versity and the Open University, sh opping trips are just as beneficial for the ch ild's development as painting o r drawing activities.They also found shopping is better for a child's social skills than watching TV or reading.The two universities made these conclusions after studying the results of an economic survey in Germany.This survey looked into the daily routines and habits of 800 parents with two and three-year-olds.It recorded higher perceived levels of happiness among the children who had taken part in activities such as art s and crafts, and shopping.Researchers Professor Paul Anand and Dr Laurence Roope added that the more retail therapy the toddlers were exposed to, the happier they seemed to be, an d the more developed their everyday skills became.Shopping may be benef icial because it involves c hanges of sc enery from shop to shop, which improves the child's motor and social skill s more than a sedentary（久坐的） activity, the report continued.Reading and storytelling together ranked high for happine ss, but being left to read on their own, or watch TV, had a 'negative impa ct' on the c hild's development.Pr ofessor Anand from the Open University said that during shopping trips 'children are getting visual stimulation, they've getting out of the house and into a new environment.'They're bumping into other families where social skill s come into play and they may get the chance to do something physical in a shop like run around.'The researchers now want to test their theories on older children to se e what activities influence development among other age groups.The research was presented at the annual conference of the Royal Economic Society.。

2021年高考英语8月考前冲破阅读明白得能力文化教育九个健康的生活方式素材

九个健康的生活方式1. Have a bedtime. Sleep is considered the third pillar of health, and for good reason. Research is only making it increasingly clear that not getting enough of the stuff can have serious health effects. Meanwhile, getting enough sleep is good for everything ranging from weight, to mood, to even the immune system. One of the simplest things you can do to ensure you get enough sleep each night is to set a bedtime. Forgive yourself if you can't meet it every night (I tell myself I need to be in bed by midnight, but life gets in the way, and all of a sudden it's 1:30 a.m.), but make a point to try to stick to it.2. Understand what emotional intelligence is -- and make a point to cultivate it. To have emotional intelligence means to be "confident, good at working towards your goals, adaptable and flexible. You recover quickly from stress and you're resilient," psychol ogist Daniel Goleman previously told HuffPost. It's made up of five parts: social skills, empathy, motivation, self-awareness and self-regulation. And fortunately, these are all traits you can cultivate. Be curious about things beyo nd yourself. Know what you're good at and where you can stand to improve. Try to improve your ability to pay attention.3. Take a minute. This is something I'm admittedly still working on. I'm an objectively fast person -- fast at walking, fast at eating, fast at talking, you get the gist. This also makes me very impatient, and also sometimes very unobservant -- stopping to smell the roses has never been my strong suit. But slowing down to appreciate life and all its little moments builds gratitude -- and that's a very healthy thing.4. Cut out sugar where you can. I used to be a dessert fiend. Cupcakes, ice cream, brownies, if you put it in front of me, I would most definitely eat it. And growing up, I drank some sort of juice at every single meal (being mildly lactose intolerant meant instead of milk, it was OJ at breakfast, OJ at lunch, and OJ at dinner). But the more I learned about how too much sugar affects the body -- and how itmanages to sneak into all the non-dessert-like foods I also eat -- the more I realized I had to wean myself off the sweet stuff. So I started small. Instead of dumping sugar into coffee, I slowly trained myself to go milk-only. (Now, coffee with sugar just seems too sweet.) Instead of drinking juice and soda with meals, I opt for water (and on that note, I don't keep any beverages besides water in my fridge at home). I don't buy cakes or cookies from the store, so I'm not tempted to eat them at 10 p.m. when I'm in my apartment. Don't get me wrong, I'll still indulge in a slice of birthday cake or some ice cream. But those are treats, and I've realized that treats are not meant to be eaten all day every day.5. Find an exercise you actually enjoy. It's not exactly a secret how much I opposite-of-like running. I'll still do it, because #health, but there are certainly other ways I'd rather get my fitness in. And that's completely OK. Research has even shown that whether we think of fitness as "fun" or "exercise" affects how much we end up eating. For me, exercise is a pill best swallowed as volleyball. For you, it may be dancing, or swimming, or riding your bike. Don't think that just because you don't like "conventional" exercise -- running, going to the gym, etc. -- you're "bad at exercise." No such thing!6. Know when to stay off your phone. This is another one of those things I'm still trying to be better at. There are times for Instagramming and texting, and there are times where it's truly obvious you're not present because your eyes are glued to your screen. I had one of those moments a few days ago, when I was out to dinner -- I was so focused on answering some work emails, that when I finally looked up, I realized my dinner companions were silent, and had been waiting for me to get off my phone. It was a disruption and a distraction, and frankly, quite rude. Let's all make a point to end the madness.7. Drink more water. Here at Healthy Living, we've dubbed Health and Fitness Senior Editor Sarah Klein the "hydration expert" -- she is always seen with a water bottle in hand, and if there's ever a hydration question, she either knows the answer, or knows the expert to ask. In my years of working with her, I've tried to follow her lead. Not only does drinking water keep you feeling full -- so you'renot ravenously hungry (and overeating as a result) -- it is also a way to not drink sugary beverages. When you're drinking water, you're not drinking soda or sugary juice.8. Cook food yourself. Sure, on the surface, a salad is healthy. But when a restaurant loads it down with sugary salad dressing and croutons（油炸面包丁）, it can be anything but. The same goes for any other food, whether it's ordered at a restaurant or found in the freezer aisle at the grocery store. What's become abundantly clear to me, is that the best way to truly know what you're eating is to just make it yourself. Your eyes may be widened at how much salt you're eating, for instance, when you're the one measuring the teaspoons into your dish.9. Stop worrying so much. Writing this piece about worrying was an eye-opener for me. As a Type A person, I also tend to be a worrier -- always wanting to be prepared for the worst, with a Plan A, B and C for action. But here's a revelation: Worrying isn't actually action. Worrying is just getting in your own head, creating a spiral of worst-case scenarios (that often don't even end up happening) that is very rarely productive. Instead, focus on the present. Maintain perspective in a worrying situation, considering what's actually likely to happen. Have confidence that you willbe able to make it through.。

(每日一读)高考英语考前突破阅读理解能力文化教育抑郁是引发身心障碍的第二大原因素材

抑郁是引发身心障碍的第二大原因Depression is the second most common cause of disability worldwide after back pain, according to a review of research.研究显示，抑郁是引发身心障碍的第二大原因，仅次于背痛。

The disease must be treated as a global public health priority, experts report in the journal PLOS Medicine.The study com pared c linical depression with more than 200 other diseases and injuries as a cause of disability.Globally, only a s mall proportion of patients have access to treatment, the World Health Organization says.Depression was ranked at number two as a global cause of disability, but its impact varied in different countries and regions. For e xample, rates of major depre ssion were highest in Afghanistan and lowest in Japan. In the UK, depression was ranked at number three i n t erms of years lived with a disability.Dr Alize Ferrari from the University of Queensland's School of Population Health led the study."Depression is a big problem and we definitely need to pay more attention to it than we are now," she told BBC News."There's still more work to be done in terms of awareness of the disease and also in coming up with successful ways of treating it."The burden is different between countries, so it tends to be higher in low and middle income countries and lower in high income coun tries."Policy-makers had made an effort to bring depression to t he forefront, but there was a lot more work to be done, she added."There's lots of stigma we know associated with mental health," she explained."What one person recognises as disabling might be d ifferent to another person and might be different across countries as well, there are lots of cultural implications and interpretations that come in place, which makes it all t he more important to raise awareness of the size of the problem and also signs and how to detect it."The data - for the year 2010 - follows similar studies in 1990 and 2000 looking at the global burden of depression.Commenting on the study, Dr Danie l Chisholm, a health economist at t he department for mental health and substance abuse at the World Health Organization said depression was a v ery disabling condition."It's a big public health challenge and a big problem to be reckoned with but not enough is being done."Around the world only a tiny proportion of people get any sort of treatment or diagno sis."The WHO recently launched a global mental health action plan to raise awareness among policy-makers.。

高考英语8月考前突破阅读理解能力文化教育吃方便面会导致心脏病和糖尿病素材

吃方便面会导致心脏病和糖尿病一项研究指出，大学生和省钱达人爱吃的方便面会导致心脏病和糖尿病。

研究发现，每周吃两次或两次以上方便面会增加患心脏代谢综合征的风险，尤其是女性，而患上这一综合症的人，患上严重的心血管疾病和中风的风险也会大大增加。

Holy hotplates! Instant ramen（拉面，面条） noodles, beloved cheap dinner of college kids and budget eaters everywhere, have been linked to heart attacks and diabetes.A study published in the Journal of Nutrition found that the ramen, along with other instant noodle products, may increase a person's risk for cardiometabolic syndrome -- a risk factor for severe cardiovascular disease and stroke -- especially in women."This research is significant since many people are consuming instant noodles without knowing possible health risks," said lead researcher Hyun Joon Shin, MD, in a press release. Shin, a clinical cardiology fellow at Baylor University Medical Center and a nutrition epidemiology（流行病学） doctoral student at the Harvard School of Public Health, could not be reached for further comment.For the study, researchers looked at the data of 10, 711 adults between the ages of 19 and 64, collected via the nationally representative Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey of 2007-2009. They found that eating instant noodles -- ramen, lo mein, glass, Thai, or other -- twice or more a week was associated withcardiometabolic syn drome, a collection of abnormalities affecting the body’s cardiovascular, renal, and metabolic systems.Although the specific cause of the problem was not immediately clear, Shin noted that it might stem from the fact that most instant noodle meals come packaged in Styrofoam, which contains bisphenol A (BPA), a known hormone disruptor -- which is also why women could have been more affected in this study. But the food product contains plenty of unhealthy ingredients, including MSG and the chemical preservative tertiary-butylhydroquinone (TBHQ), and is also high in saturated fat.The study focused on individuals in South Korea, Shin said, as the country has the highest per-capita number of instant noodle consumers in the world, and because, in recent y ears, health problems there, including heart disease and obesity, have been on the rise. But the findings appear to be quite relevant to consumers stateside too, as the United States ranked sixth globally in instant noodle sales, according to the World Instant Noodles Association, which found that the United States accounted for 4,300 billion units sold in 2013 (coming in just behind China, Indonesia, Japan, Vietnam, and India -- and one spot above South Korea, in fact).1。

2021年高考英语8月考前冲破阅读理解能力文化教育 WHO发布全球酒精与健康状况报告素材

WHO发布全世界酒精与健康状况报告People in the UK are among the most prolific drinkers in the world, according to a report released by the World Health Organisation.世界卫生组织发布的一项报告显示，英国饮酒者的酗酒量是世界上最高的之一。

Britons over the age of 15 on average drink 11.6 litres of pure alcohol a year, according to the "Global status report on alcohol and health 2021".The report provides country profiles for alcohol consumption in the 194 WHO member states, looking at the resulting impact on public health and policy responses.And it reveals that the harmful use of alcohol causes 3.3 million deaths a year worldwide.Europe is the region with the highest consumption of alcohol per person, making up the entire top 10. Belarus takes the top spot, with people on average drinking 17.5 litres of pure alcohol a year, followed by the Republic of Moldova where the figure is 16.8 litres.Australia and Canada also have high levels of alcohol consumption, with people on average drinking 12.2 and 10. 2 litres a year respectively.In the United States the figure is marginally（少量地）lower at 9.2 litres.But in northern Africa and the Middle East, the average figure is less than 2.5 litres of alcohol per person, with many countries having figures below one litre.The average figure globally is 6.2 litres of pure alcohol per person per year.But as less than half the world population (38.3 per cent) actually drinks alcohol, this means that those who do drink consume on average 17 litres of pure alcohol annually, the report said.The WHO warned that alcohol consumption increases the risk of developing more than 200 diseases, including liver cirrhosis and some cancers.。

高考英语8月考前突破阅读理解能力国际时事要闻埃博拉病毒爆发利比里亚全国进入紧急状态素材

埃博拉病毒爆发利比里亚全国进入紧急状态Liberian President Ellen Johnson Sirleaf has declared a state of emergency as the country grapples with an outbreak of the deadly Ebola virus.利比里亚总统埃伦·约翰逊·瑟利夫宣布，因致命埃博拉病毒的爆发，全国进入紧急状态。

Speaking on national television she said some civil liberties might have to be s uspended.The Ebola outbreak has also hit Guinea, Sierra Leone and Nigeria, killing more than 930 people.World Health Organization (WH O) experts are meeting in Geneva, Switzerland, to discuss a response to the outbreak.The two-day meeting will decide whether to declare a global health emergency.'Extraordinary measures'Ebola, a viral haemorrhagic fever（出血热）, is one of the deadliest diseases known to humans, with a fatality rate of between 55% and 90%. It is spread through contact with the bodily fluids of Ebola patients showing symptoms.A WHO statement on Wednesday said 932 patients had died of the disease in West Africa so far, with most of the latest fatalities reported in Liberia, where a t least 282 have died of the virus.Announcing a state of emergency for 90 days, President Sirleaf said in a statement that the government and people of Liberia required "extraordinary measures for the very survival of our state and for the protection of the lives of our people".She said that "ign or ance and poverty, as well as entrenched（根深蒂固的）religious and cultural practices, continue to exacerbate the spread of the disease".Observ ers say the Ebola crisis in L iberia ha s got worse beca use many people are keeping sick relatives at home instead of t aking them to isolation centres.1。

高考英语8月考前突破阅读理解能力国际时事要闻加拿大向西非捐赠埃博拉病毒疫苗素材

加拿大向西非捐赠埃博拉病毒疫苗Canada says it will donate up to 1,000 doses of an experim ental Ebola vaccine to he lp battle the disease's outbreak in West Africa.加拿大政府将捐赠1000支埃博拉实验疫苗帮助西非对抗该病毒。

It comes after the World Health Organization said it was ethical to use untested drugs on Ebola patients.However, experts say supplies of both the vaccine and the experimental drug Zmapp are limited and it could take months to develop more supplies.More than 1,000 people have been killed b y the current outbreak.Canada says between 800 and 1,000 doses of the vaccine, which has only been tested on animals, will be donated to the World Health Organization (WHO) for use in West Africa.However, it will keep a small portion of the vaccine for resea rch, and in case it is needed in Canada.'Global resource'The current outbreak has infected peop le in Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia and Nigeria.Dr Gregory Taylor, deputy head of Canada's Public Health Agency, said he saw the vaccines as a "global resource".He said he had been advised that it would make sense for health care workers to be given the vaccine, given their inc reased risk of contracting the disease.1。

2021年高考英语8月考前冲破阅读理解能力文化教育走路方式阻碍被袭几率素材

走路方式阻碍被袭概率The way people move can influence the likelihood of an attack by a stranger. The good news, though, is that alt ering it can reduce the chances of being targeted.人们走路的方式可能会阻碍被生疏人攻击的概率。

但好消息是通过改变走路方式，能够降低被抢概率。

"The power has gone to his head" is an oft-heard accusation. So are leaders losing touch with reality when they act in a power-hungry way?How you move gives a lot away. Maybe too much, if the wrong person is watching. We think, for instance, that the way people walk can influence the likelihood of an attack by a stranger. But we also think that th eir walking style can be altered to reduce the chances of being targeted.A small number of criminals commit most of the crimes, and the crimes they commit are spread unevenly（不均衡地）over the population: some unfortunate individuals seem to be pi cked out repeatedly by those intent on violent assault. Back in the 1980s, two psychologists from New York, Betty Grayson and Morris Stein, set out to find out what criminals look for in potential victims. They filmed short clips of members of the public walking along New York's streets, and then took those clips to a large East Coastprion. They showed thetapes to 53 violent inmates with convictions for crimes on strangers, ranging from assault to murder, an d asked them how easy each person would be to attack.The prisoners made very different judgements abou t these notional victims. Some were consistently rated as easier to attack, as an "easy rip-off". There were some expected differences, in that women were rated as easier to attack than men, on average, and older people as easier targets than the young. But even among those you’d expect to be least easy to assault, the subgroup of young men, there were some individuals wh o over half the prisoners rated at the top end of the "ease of assault" scale (a 1, 2 or 3, on the 10 point scale).。

高考英语8月考前突破阅读理解能力文化教育大气污染可能会使脑部受损素材

大气污染可能会使脑部受损A new research describes how the brains of mice are damaged by exposure to air pollution in early life.一项新研究表明，老鼠若在幼年期长期接触污染大气，脑部可能会受损。

The brain damage includes the enlargement of a part of the brain that is seen in humans who have autismand schizophrenia.The study is published in the journal Environmental Health Perspectives.As in autism and schizophrenia（精神分裂症）, the changes occurred predominately in males. The mice also performed poorly in tests of short-term memory, learning ability, and impulsivity.The new findings are consistent with several recent studies that have shown a link between air pollution and autism in children.Most notably, a 2013 study in JAMA Psychiatryreported that children who lived in areas with high levels of traffic-related air pollution during their first year of life were three times as likely to develop autism."Our findings add to the growing body of evidence that air pollution may play a role in autism, as well as in other neurodevelopmental disorders," said DeborahCory-Slechta, Ph.D., professor of environmental medicine at the University of Rochester and lead author of the study.In three sets of experim ent s, Cory-Slechta and her colleagues exposed mice to levels of air pollution typically found in mid-sized US cities during rush hour.The exposures were conducted during the first two weeks after birth, a critical time in the brain's development. The mice were exposed to polluted air for four hours each day for two four-day periods.In one group of mice, the brains were examined 24 hours after the final pollution exposure. In all of those mice, inflammation was rampant throughout the brain, and the lateral ventricles（侧脑室）-- chambers on each side of the brain that contain cerebrospinal fluid -- were enlarged two to three times their norma l size."When we looked closely at the ventri cles, we could see that the white matter that normally surrounds them hadn't fully developed," said Cory-Slechta."It appears that inflammation had damaged those brain cells and prevented that region of the brain from developing, and the ventricles simply expanded to fill the space."The problems were also observed in a second group of mice 40 days after e xposure and in another group 270 days after exposure, indicating that the damage to the brain was permanent.Brains of mice in all three groups also had elevated levels of glutamate（谷氨酸盐）, a neurotransmitter, which is also seen in humans with autism and schizophrenia.。

高考英语8月考前突破阅读理解能力文化教育婚礼越盛大将来婚姻越幸福素材

婚礼越盛大将来婚姻越幸福The stress of organising a big wedding can leave many couples at breaking point, as they battle to coordinate1 a celebration on a scale which would tax even professional event planners.筹划一场盛大的婚礼的压力之大，可使众多爱侣变为冤家怨偶。

他们为这场盛典竭力协调、博弈，即便是职业婚礼策划人也会备受煎熬。

But couples wrestling with 150-seat table plans should take heart, for new research suggests that bigger weddings predict more successful marriages.A study by the University of Virginia in the US, found that couples who had larger ceremonies had higher-quality marriages.Although cynics may argue that people who can afford an opulent wedding are likely to be financially secure, and therefore happier, the researchers claim that the correlation2remains3 even when controlling for wealth.They believe that marrying in front of a large number of people demonstrates greater commitment to the union while also discouraging divorce."There is some reason to believe that having more witnesses at a wedding may actually strengthen marital4 quality," said lead author Dr Galena Rhoades."We try to keep our present attitudes and behaviours in line with our past conduct. The desire for consistency5 is likely enhanced by public expressions of intention."Weddings may foster support for the new marriage from within a couple's network of friends and f amily. Those who hold a formal wedding are likely to have stronger social networks in the first place."The report is part of the ongoing6 National Marriage Project in the US which has been studying what makes marriages work since 1997.1coordinateadj.同等的，协调的；n.同等者；vt.协作，协调参考例句：•You must coordinate what you said with what you did.你必须使你的言行一致。

高考英语8月考前突破阅读理解能力国际时事要闻教皇呼吁朝韩和解素材

教皇呼吁朝韩和解The Pope has called for reconciliation on the Ko rean peninsula, on the final day of his visit to South Korea.教皇弗朗西斯在对韩国进行访问的最后一天呼吁朝鲜半岛的和解。

Koreans, Pope Francis said, should reject a "mindset of suspicio n and confrontation" and find new paths to build peace.He spoke at a Mass in Seoul's main cathe dral attended by Pres ident Park Geun-hye and North Korean defectors.The service coincided with the start of major US-South Korea military exercises.The annual drills, called Ulchi Free dom Guardian, last for 12 days and involve some 80,000 US and South Korean service personnel.The exercises always enrage North Korea, which has in recent weeks conducted a series of short-range missile tests - including one as the Pope arrived.It has threatened a "merciless" retaliatory strike in response to the drills.The two Koreas remain technically at war after the 1950-53 Korean War, which ended in an armistice and not a peace treaty.Speaking at Myeongdong Cathedral, the Pope said all Koreans were "brothers and sisters, members of one family, one people"."Let us pray for the emergence of new opportunities for dialogue, encounter and the resolution of differenc es," he said.He also called for generosit y in providing humanitarian assistance to those in ne ed, and urged Koreans to work together as one, "wi th no victors or vanquished".1。

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