上海海事大学英语语法与翻译2014年—2018年考研真题
上海海事大学2018年《357英语翻译基础》考研专业课真题试卷
2018年上海海事大学攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题（重要提示：答案必须做在答题纸上，做在试题上不给分）考试科目代码357 考试科目名称《英语翻译基础》_______________________________________________________ I. Directions: In this part of the test, there are altogether 30 items (name abbreviations or fixed expressions).15 are in English and 15 in Chinese. Please read them carefully and translate them into their respective target language equivalents.(30 points)1.UNESCO 16.国家留学基金委2.FIFA 17.命运共同体3.IMF 18.绿色丝绸之路4.give sb. a cold shoulder 19.民心相通5.cross one's fingers 20.不入虎穴，焉得虎子6.like a bull in a china shop 21. 非物质文化遗产7.get into a coma 22.小心路滑8.Bill of Lading 23. 改朝换代9. L/C 24.《诗经》10. press conference 25.往返票11. beat one's retreat 26.闲人莫入12. mutton dressed as lamb 27.员工停车专用13. round the clock 28.紧急出口14. the House of Lords 29.工会15. the ebb and flow of sth. 30.中央电视台II. Directions: In this part of the test, there is one English passage. Read it carefully and translate it into Chinese. (60 points)Last year, when my book of short fictions, Foreign Soil, was released in the United Kingdom, I found myself on the phone with BBC radio, doing a pre-interview. At the end of our lively and in-depth conversation, the producer asked: “So who are the other Australian writers of Afro-Caribbean descent, or from a similar background, who are working in literary fiction—what novels should we be looking out for?”I paused. “There are…well, there are some African diaspora(离散移民社群) and African Australian writers I know who work in a lot of different forms, who I really hope you’ll also see on the shelf one day…”I stammered. “Natasha Jynel. Candy Bowers.”When I finished the call, I hung up the phone and sat slumped in a kitchen chair for about half an hour. The comradery and support amongst Australian writers from all walks of life on the book trail can be extraordinary, but it can be bitterly isolating1。
上海海事大学民法2014年—2018年考研真题考研试题
2014年上海海事大学攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题（重要提示：答案必须做在答题纸上，做在试题上不给分）
考试科目代码623 考试科目名称民法
一、名词解释（共8小题，每小题5分，总分40分）
1.自助行为
2.回赎
3.除斥期间
4.连带责任
5.同时履行抗辩权
6.消极侵权行为
7.占有改定
8.行纪
二、问答题（共5小题，每小题12分，总分60分）
1.民法上的物有哪些法律特征？
2.试述效力待定法律行为与可撤销民事行为的区别。
3.简述代理权滥用的构成条件及类型。
4.试述死亡宣告撤销的法律后果。
5.简述预期违约的概念和特点。
三、论述题（共1小题，总分25分）
1.试论按份共有人的权利和义务。
1 / 2。
2014年上海海事大学357英语翻译基础考研试题(回忆版)
1，英译汉 ISQ, HSBC,ICU,CUB,cloud computing,Edward Snoeden and PRISM，GPS，LCD ， two-dimensional bar code
2，汉译英 诚信缺失，问责制，天人合一，自主创新能力，社会养老保险，实事求是， 对产能过程行业的重组，科技成果产业化，ZF 职能转变，春运，橙色预警，收 入分配改革，上海自由贸易试验区，云计算，土地征收与拆迁
3，英译汉 第一篇是关于 panda，“China PandaConservation”， 第二篇是关于 SUV， 136 页的“欧洲人向 SUV 宣战”
4，汉译英 第一篇是关于旅游，29 页的“旅游的意义”那篇 第二篇是关于贸易销售， “上海市商品包装减
上海海事大学翻译硕士考研真题
2014上海海事大学翻译硕士考研真题各位考研的同学们，大家好！我是才思的一名学员，现在已经顺利的考上研究生，今天和大家分享一下这个专业的真题，方便大家准备考研，希望给大家一定的帮助。
翻译硕士英语这门变化很大:1.选择题由原来的60道变为30道，全是词汇题，没有了语法题，只要能认识就能选择出来，不过词汇难度貌似比之前几年稍微提升一个小档次~2.阅读也有之前的6篇变为了5篇。
但是不再像之前那样前四篇很简单，后两篇比较长；这次每篇虽然都不是很长，但是都不是特别容易，必须认真仔细理解透才能做出选择，细节题很少，要求重在理解全文~3.作文也有所变化，由之前的800字变成600字。
题目是“大学生就业难的问题”翻译基础1词语互译部分印象中有GPSLCDICUtwo-dimensionalbarcodecloudcomputingEdwardSnowden(这个最让我郁闷竟然没写出来，真不知道当时脑子干嘛去了)上海自由贸易试验区转变ZF职能责任问责制橙色预警收入分配制度改革云计算土地征收与拆迁暂时只能想这些，欢迎研友们补充！2篇章翻译变化也很大，由之前的两篇变成了四篇，两篇英译汉，两篇汉译英~a值得注意的是其中英译汉和汉译英中分别各有一篇是三级笔译上的原文，一篇是29页的“旅游的意义”那篇，另一篇是136页的“欧洲人向SUV宣战”第二篇我没有认真研究过有点可惜，不过只要好好翻译都差不多，文章末尾double-digitrate翻译错了~b另外两篇课外的，英译汉是说“ChinaPandaConservation”汉译英是“上海市商品包装减量的强制性规定”整个这一科做下来，怕时间不够，就没打草稿，结果却提前20分钟做完了，所以卷面不如之前练习的好，希望老师发发慈悲，，少扣点分啊。
汉语写作与百科知识1名词解释海事的百科分汉语词语解释和英语名词解释两部分，拿到试卷为了抓紧时间就直接做题，总体觉得很顺手。
在这里吐槽一下，现在回想自己没有仔细审题，不知道英语那部分名词解释要不要求写出汉语意思，这个问题从昨天晚上就让我纠结到现在，因为每个词语都知道意思解释的很好，如果没写是汉语意思，就太亏了！真希望题设中没要求写啊！如果要求了，也希望阅卷老师看在我知道的面子，发发慈悲，少扣几分吧！印象中有戊戌变法道教文艺复兴钢琴三重奏醉翁亭记商标电子对抗中国梦文法学校五月花号WTO上海自由贸易试验区folkmusictrademarkforeignexchangerate2应用文是要写一篇请示，但是字数要求增加，变为了600字~3大作文是给一段庄子先生的《秋水》，根据自己品味自拟题目，写篇议论文`800到1000字`个人比较喜欢庄子，所以觉得写的很顺手~目前只能回忆出这些，欢迎其他同学积极补充，最后还是祈求一下百科那部分不要因为失误丢分！三个多月的高强度大脑风暴，炼狱生活终于告一段落，只为对的起自己所付出的努力，感谢研途有你翻译硕士高校排名第一批:1.北大招生30名，其中推免202.北外英语笔译60名(学制两年)(好像除了翻译基础和汉语百科，会考俄日法德其中一门二外)3.南开英语口笔译非在职和在职生各招收30名4.复旦英语笔译30名5.同济英语笔译德语笔译未列招生人数6.上海交大英语笔译未列招生人数7.上外英语笔译35人(下设法律翻译，公/商务笔译，专业编译三个方向)英语口译15人(下设会议口译方向，公/商务口译方向和陪同口译方向)法语口译5人8.南大英语笔译35人9.厦大英语口笔译各15人10.中南大学英语口笔译未列招生人数11.湖南师范英语口笔译未列招生人数12.中山英语笔译20人英语口译10人13.西南大学英语笔译未列招生人数14.广外英语笔译60人英语口译40人日语笔译20人日语口译10人法语口译10人其中英语翻译硕士复试参考书目991|翻译实务(笔译):1、《实用翻译教程(修订版)》，刘季春主编，中山大学出版社，2007年。
2018上海海事大学211翻译硕士英语硕士研究生真题
2018 年上海海事大学攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题（重要提示：答案必须做在答题纸上，做在试题上不给分）考试科目代码： 211 考试科目名称：翻译硕士英语1. Part 1 Vocabulary and structure (30%)Directions: There are 30 sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A,B,C,and,D.Choose the one that best completes the sentence.Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.1.This television set is an improvement earlier models.A. withB. byC. onD. for2.We are our holiday pictures on to a screen so that lots of people can see them at the same time.A. reflectingB. castingC. throwingD. projecting3.Nevertheless,tasks and duties are the central feature, and should therefore be considered as a separate in themselves.A. resultB.effectC. issueD. outcome4.Leadership is the heart of the managerial process, because it initiating action.A.involvesB.engagesC.consistsD.contains5.Small firms are counting the of sickness among employees.A.costB.priceC.chargeD.expense6.The most common of absence was minor illness, such as colds or flu.A.reasonB.symptomC.causeD.motive7.These days in business, people have to face many challenging questions and implementing new projects in underdeveloped areas of the countryside.A.designingB.conspiringC.drawingD.scheming8.The project was carried out with disturbance last summer.A.bareB.smallestC.leastD.minimal9.One of the most important features in any business is communication. Good communications are required at all of the business process.A.stagesB.gradesC.partsD.degrees10.Have you made up your mind yet where you are going to spend your holiday?A. so thatB.such asC.as toD. in case11.The firm is looking for a new for another branch office.A. spotB. pointC. sceneD. site12.Water is to fish air is to man.A.thatB. whichC. whatD. how13.is often the case with a new idea, much preliminary activity and optimistic discussion produce no concrete proposals.A. AsB. ThatC. WhichD. What14.This book has been in the works so long that I have lost of most of the sources found for me by the staff of the library.A. traceB. trailC. trackD. touch15.The audience waited in silence while their aged speaker searched among his note for the figures he could not remember.A. respectiveB. respectC. respectfulD. respectable16.Modern appliances us from a good deal of household work. For instance, the dryer frees us from hanging the laundry.A.escape B . benefit C. liberate D. comfort17.Market research, in with a number of other approaches in marketing, suffers from the frequent complaint that it is not really accurate.A.associationmonC.additionD.connection18.If you have ever been told by your boss to improve you knowledge of a foreign language you’ll know that doesn’t come quickly.A.gainB.resultC.successD.outcome19.No other business course is as and the unique radio-magazine format is as instructive as it is entertaining.A.adjustableB.flexibleC.convertibleD.variable20.Her new mobile phone costs her the one she bought last year.A.twiceB. twice as much asC. twice more thanD. as much twice as21.There is scarcity of teachers in the countryside. People have become teachers.A.not better like youB.as not good as youC.no better than youD.better not than you22.Could you tell me the name of the ?A.ugly,little,yellow, fly-like insectB.little, ugly,yellow,fly-like insectC.yellow,little,ugly,fly-like insectD.yellow,fly-like,ugly,little insect23.She had an operation on her breast for cancer two years ago, but she is .A.very goodB. very wellC.in good conditionD.quite healthy24.On this desk, you will find a clock,which was the only thing left to him by his father.A.little exquisite antique SwissB.exquisite antique little SwissC.little antique exquisite SwissD.Swiss little antique exquisite25.Advertising is distinguished from other forms of communication the advertiser pays for the message to be delivered.A. in this wayB. in thatC. in whichD. in order to26.trouble, I shall forget the whole thing.A.Rather than causedB. Than rather causedB.C. Than rather causing D. Rather than cause27.The man sitting opposite me smiled dreamily, as if something pleasant in the past.A. to rememberB. rememberedC. having been rememberedD. remembering28.Reading efficiency means the of a reading task within an appropriate time frame and with appropriate comprehension.A. accomplishmentmittedC.contentmentplement29.The payment that the motorist will have to effect will be to the amount of the damage he has done to the other person’s car.A. applicableparableC. proportionalD.attributed30.People including scientists still explain many of the natural .A.phenomenonB.phenomenonsC. phenomenaD.phenomenasPart II Reading Comprehension (40%)Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.Passage 1Items 31-35 are based on the following passage:Labor MarketIn economics, labor is a measure of the work done by human beings. It is conventionally contrasted with such other factors of production as land and capital. It is always treated as acommodity——something bought and sold in the marketplace. And the wage rate, which a firm pays for an hour of labor, is regarded as the price of that commodity.Of course, labor is different from other things that are traded. First, sellers of other commodities do not care who buys their product, as long as they get the market price. Sellers of labor, on the other hand, care very much who buys their labor, because that firm becomes their employer. This gives sellers of labor an interest in working conditions, friendly coworkers, commuting distance, possibilities for advancement, prestige, a sense of fulfillment and more. A second distinct feature of labor is the special meaning of the price in this market: the wage rate. Most of the incomes people earn over their lifetimes will come from their jobs——from selling their labor——so their wage rate will determine how well they can feed, clothe, house, and otherwise provide for themselves and their families. Differences in wages thus bring up vital issues of equity and fairness in the economy.Labor markets may be local or national (even international) in their scope and are made up of smaller, interacting labor markets for different qualifications, skills, and geographical locations. They depend on exchange of information between employers and job seekers about wage rates, conditions of employment, level of competition, and job location.Labor Market EquilibriumThe demand for labor has increased because of technological change and the accumulation of capital. Many people are surprised about the fact. They see new technologies destroying jobs, not creating them. Downsizing became catchword of the 1990s as the computers and information age took hold and eliminated millions of “good” jobs, even of managers. So how can it be that technological change creates jobs and increase the demand for labor?Technological change destroys some jobs and creates others. But it creates more than it destroys, and on average the new jobs pay more than the old ones did. But to benefit from the advances in technology, people must acquire new skills and change their jobs. For example, during the past 15 years, the demand for typists has fallen almost to zero. But the demand for people who can type (on a computer rather than a typewriter) and do other things as well has increased. And the output of these people is worth more than that of a typist. So the demand for people with typing skills has increased.The supply of labor has increased because of population growth and technological change and capital accumulation in the home. The mechanization of home production of fast-food preparation services ( the freezer and the microwave oven) and laundry services (the automatic washer and dryer and drip drying clothing) has decreased the time spent on activities that once were full-time jobs inside the home and has led to a large increase in the supply of labor. As a result, the supply of labor has steadily increased, but a slower pace than the demand for labor.Because technological advances and capital accumulation have increased demand by more than the population growth and technological change in home production has increased supply, both wage and employment have increased. But not everyone has shared in the advancing。
上海海事大学翻译硕士考研真题
上海海事大学翻译硕士考研真题221翻译硕士英语221这整张卷子和14年真题很像，大家可以看看海事14年真题。
一、词汇题（30分）。
30个词语辨析，以形近词辨析为主。
专八难度。
二、阅读（40分）。
5篇，每篇4个题，材料都较短，不过词汇量较大，专八难度。
三、作文（30分）。
600字。
题目是Public Food Security。
357翻译基础一、短语翻译（30分，30个，英汉各15个）1、CAD，2、NASDAQ，3、POD，4、container terminal，5、abstract log，6、just-in-time logistics，7、compulsory salvage，8、flammable and combustible liquids（ (24)小心轻放25、广东省广州市中山路125弄34号26、香港特别行政区行政长官27、粘满铜臭味28、铤而走险29、亚洲互联互通与贸易投资自由化30、积土成山，风雨兴焉英译汉部分:（60分）（原文没搜到，以下是主要意思）。
材料是对财政部部长楼继伟的访谈，楼称在目前的经济体制下，历史上“放乱收死”的循环再次出现的可能性较小。
后面是其他专家对他观点的评论。
共有五小段。
汉译英部分:（60分）（以下是真题原文）。
（一）第110届广交会正在中国广东举行。
广交会又称中国进出口商品交易会，创办于1957年春季，每年春秋两季在广州举办。
它是中国目前历史最久、层次最高、规模最大、商品种类最全、到会客商最多、成交效果最好的综合性国际贸易盛会。
广交会以进口贸易为主，也从事出口生意，还开展多种形式的经济技术合作与交流。
来自世界各地的客商云集广州，互通商情，增进友谊。
（二）坚持依法治国首先要坚持依宪治国。
健全宪法实施和监督制度。
完善全国人大及其常委会宪法监督制度。
建立行政机关内部重大决策合法性审查机制，建立重大决策终身责任追究制度及责任倒查机制。
全面推进政务公开。
448百科知识与中文写作一、名词解释（13个汉语，12个英语，共50分）。
上海海事大学812英语语法与翻译2011--2017年考研真题
2017年上海海事大学攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题（重要提示：答案必须做在答题纸上，做在试题上不给分）考试科目代码812 考试科目名称语法与翻译I.Choose from the following four choices marked A, B, C, and D in each sentence the one that best suits the sentence, and write the corresponding capital letters in the numbered group of five in the answer sheet (see the following model ).There are 50 sentences in all, each of which is worth one point. (50 points)Model: 1—5: ABCDA, 6—10: ABCDA11—15：ACBCA，16—20：BDBAC1. The early linear teaching ma chines could not judge the student’s response nor, indeed, even determine that the student responded.A.isB. wasC. haveD. had2. No one knows quite what it was, the first encyclopedia. Still less what was, or ought to have been, in .A.itB. thatC. suchD. all3. For instance, the sound p requires complete closure of the lips, that air coming from the lungs builds up pressure in the mouth, giving rise to the characteristic popping sound when the lip closure is released.A.suchB. nowC. soD. but4. chosen as the most outstanding student on her campus made her parents excited.A.Marta beingB. Marta had beenC. Marta has beenD. Marta’s being5. He has made another wonderful discovery, of great importance to science.A. which I think it isB. I think which isC. which I think isD. of which I think it is6. The millions of calculations involved, had they been done by hand, all practical value by the timethey were finished.A. could loseB. would have lostC. might loseD. ought to have lose7. Most electronic devices of this kind, manufactured for such purpose, are tightly packed.A.that areB. it isC. which isD. as are8. The man had been drinking too much; , not age ,explained his unsteady walk.A.thatB. thisC. itD. which9. The widest benefits of the electronic revolution will accrue the young.A.toB. forC. withD./10. Have you ever been in a situation you know the other person is right yet you cannot agree withhim?A. by whichB. thatC. in thatD. where11. Hydrogen is the fundamental element of the universe it provides the building blocks from whichthe other elements are produced.A. so thatB. but thatC. in thatD. provided that12. was chosen made a tremendous stir in the town.A.It is she not heB. Being she not he第1页（共5页）。
上海海事大学824海事法2018到2012七套考研真题
5. the party salved
6. Rule Paramount 二、单项选择（每小题 2 分，共 30 分）
1. 按照我国《海商法》，关于责任人丧失限制其赔偿责任的权利，下列说法正确的是______。
A. 责任人故意或明知可能造成损失而轻率地作为或不作为，责任人丧失该项权利
B. 在 A 的情况下，索赔人负有举证责任
2014 年上海海事大学攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题
（重要提示：答案必须做在答题纸上，做在试题上不给分）
考试科目代码
824
考试科目名称 海事法
一、术语/条款英汉互译（每小题 2 分，共 12 分）
1. 净吨
2. 强制出售 3. 港口国控制
4. New Jason Clause
C. 请求人向责任人的受雇人或代理人提出赔偿请求时，受雇人或代理人丧失责任限制的权利
D. 以上全对
2. 与 1976 年《责任限制公约》不同的是，我国《海商法》未将______列入限制性债权。
A. 船上货物的清除、或使之无害的请求
B. 对港口工程、港池、航道等设施造成的损害赔偿请求
C. 侵犯非合同权利的行为造成的赔偿请求
D．遇难船长率领船员对本船的
8. 即使救助成功，救助人也无权获得救助报酬的是______。
A. 接到求救信号后即开始救助的救助人
B. 只救助了财产但没有救助人命
C. 只救助了船舶却没有救助人命
D. 难船船长明确和合理的拒绝仍然进行救助的救助人
9. 船舶碰撞损害赔偿请求案件可以由______的海事法院管辖。
B．救助行为是自愿的
C．有效果的救助行为
D．以上全对
7. 根据救助公约的规定和习惯做法，______救助行为，有救助报酬请求权。
2014年上海海事大学研究生入学考试211翻译硕士英语考研真题
小（重要提示：答案必须做在答题纸上，做在试题上不给分）考试科目代码211 考试科目名称翻译硕士英语Part I Vocabulary and Structure (30%)Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A),B), C) and D). Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Then mark the correspondingletter on the Answer Sheet.1.It is customary for the bride and groom to __________ their wedding ceremony the evening before theoccasion.A) rehearse B) reciteC) relieve D) reiterate2.The students dormitory is __________ to the school campus.A) adjunct B) absentC) adolescent D) adjacent3.The whole house was in a dilapidated condition; the door __________ on its hinges and the floorboardswere nearly rotten.A) screeched B) squealedC) squeaked C) sledged4.After Obama announced that he planned to run for president, the telephone at campaign headquarters rang__________.A) incisively B) incessantlyC) impartially D) impatiently5.Because she was a few minutes late, she __________ into class and sat in the back of the room.A) crawled B) tiptoedC) rambled D) stumbled6.During the long __________ last year, the farmers had to irrigate their crops.A) drought B) questC) threat D) sleet7.Almost every manager needs an assistant whom he can __________ to take care of problems that mayoccur in his absence.A) count to B) count onC) count for D) count of8.Tom doesn’t even know that angles of less than 90 degrees are called __________ angles.A) obtuse B) focalC) acute D) converging9.One of the __________at the post office is for local mail and the other one is for out-of-town mail.A) slides B) slatsC) slots D) slips10. It is important to boost the morale of the soldiers as low morale can render an army __________.A) sterile B) barrenC) dissolute D) impotent11.Schools should not __________ poor children of the opportunity for learning.A) deprive B) impressC) improvise D) derive12. As there were no other choices, we decided to pay for the furniture on the __________ plan.A) deposit B) debitC) installment D) creditrry was so __________ in his reading that he forgot about his meat cooking in the oven.A) enlivened B) engrossedC) engraved D) enlightened14.Finally, the powerful ruler __________ a rebellion and punished the instigators.A) supported B) reinstatedC) resigned D) suppressed15.The spy used a __________ name while dealing with his counterpart.A) fictitious B) fictileC) fidgety D) fiery16.Nothing is better than a cup of tea to __________ my thirst after playing tennis for two hours.A) quash B) quenchC) quit D) quell17.Christopher Columbus was the first person to __________ under the patronage of Queen Isabella of Spain.A) wander B) navigateC) circumvent D) explore18.After receiving the insulting letter, Ian became __________.A) fugitive B) revengefulC) resentful D) furious19.To some people in the west, marriage is an ___________ institution.A) obsolete B) ancientC) archaic D) extant20.The government is engaged in a project to __________ the hostile element of society.A) dignify B) pacifyC) satisfy D) certify21.The swimmer __________ from the water and climbed onto the boat.A) emerged B) submergedC) merged D) entered22.The city maintains very many Chinese traditions which are among the highest achievements of those whocreated the __________ we now enjoy.A) inheritance B) geneticsC) estate D) heritage23.She worked __________ from a desire to live a full life either in favorable or unfavorable conditions.A) assertively B) persistentlyC) resiliently D) insistently24.We have heard that his face was badly __________ in the crash last night.A) browsed B) breachedC) bruised D) brooded25.The very idea of your taking part in the beauty competition is __________.A) alphabetic B) absurdC) abnormal D) abrupt26.The clerk in the patent office said to his boss, “Look, I am not drunk. I’m as __________ as a judge.”A) sober B) steadyC) somber D) clear27.My continual __________ kept the other workmen awake at night during the past weeks when we werestaying together.A) snarling B) snoringC) sneering D) snoozing28.It is very convenient for you to replace any part of the machine, for they are all __________.A) mechanized B) normalizedC) standardized D) modernized29.She wants to set up a school to __________ her skills and knowledge to the young generation.A) impede B) inheritC) impart D) intervene30.He is considered one of the geniuses in our school, but I think his paintings are quite __________.A) meager B) mediumC) moderate D) mediocrePart II Reading Comprehension (40%) Directions:There are 5 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decideon the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.Passage 1Items 31 to 34 are based on the following passage:Perhaps the most challenging is the set of skills required to produce a written assignment, the most common means by which student learning is evaluated. This demands a critical evaluation of a potentially large amount of required reading.The reading required to perform writing tasks requires a set of effective strategies with which many students may be unfamiliar. The texts themselves may vary greatly in both content and style from subject to subject but all require the same critical analysis of conceptually complicated material.Similarly, the experience of speaking before an audience will almost certainly be a new experience for most undergraduates. Again, students are expected to critically evaluate issues and to contribute to the discussion or analysis. Participation in these discussions often forms part of a student’s course assessment and those who fail to express themselves may gain lower grades.Many students find the experience of attending university lectures to be a confusing and frustrating experience. The lecturer speaks for one or two hours perhaps illustrating the talk with slides, writing up important information on the blackboard, distributing reading material and giving out assignments. The new student sees the other students continuously writing on notebooks and wonders what to write. Very often the student leaves the lecture with notes which do not catch the main points and which become hard even for the student himself to understand.Most institutions provide courses which assist new students to develop the skill they need to be effectivelisteners and notetakers. If these are unavailable there are many useful study-skill guides which enable learners to practice these skills independently. In all cases it is important to tackle the problem before actually starting your studies. If you leave it until after your course begins, you may find that you are not able to study and to learn how to study at the same time.It is important to acknowledge that most students have difficulty in acquiring the language skill required in college study. One way of overcoming these difficulties is to attend the language and study-skill classes which most institutions provide throughout the academic year. Another basic strategy is to find a study partner with whom it is possible to identify difficulties, exchange ideas and provide support.The acquisition of effective language and study skills is a process which continues throughout undergraduate life and is itself a fundamental component of a university education.31. The passage is mainly about ________.A) the necessity of getting much knowledgeB) the training of writing at collegeC) the importance of acquiring a set of effective study skillsD) the training of reading ability32.When a student has difficulties acquiring language skills, it is advisable for him orher to __________.A) turn to the teacher immediately B) exchange ideas with a partnerC) seek advice from books D) memorize more words33. Which of the following is true according to the passage?A) Most students are confused by traditional teaching.B) Most teachers fail to teach students how to learn.C) Taking notes in class is not so important.C)Learning how to learn is just as important as what to learn.34. When speaking before an audience, it is important for a student to ________.A) give his own comments B) speak clearly enoughC) show his knowledge from books D) notice others’ reactionPassage 2Items 35 to 38 are based on the following passage:Well, no gain without pain, they say. But what about pain without gain? Everywhere you go in America, you hear tales of corporate revival. What is harder to establish is whether the productivity revolution that businessmen assume they are presiding over is for real.The official statistics are mildly discouraging. They show that, if you lump manufacturing and services together, productivity has grown on average by 1.2% since 1987. That is somewhat faster than the average during the previous decade. And since 1991, productivity has increased by about 2% a year, which is more than twice the 1978—87 average. The trouble is that part of the recent acceleration is due to the usual rebound that occurs at this point in a business cycle, and so is not conclusive evidence of a revival in the underlying trend. There is, as Robert Rubin, the treasury secretary, says, a “disjunction” between the mass of business anecdote that points to a leap in productivity and the picture reflected by the statistics.Some of this can be easily explained. New ways of organizing the workplace—all that re-engineering and downsizing—are only one contribution to the overall productivity of an economy, which is driven by many other factors such as joint investment in equipment and machinery, new technology, and investment in education and training. Moreover, most of the changes that companies make are intended to keep them profitable, and this need not always mean increasing productivity: switching to new markets or improvingquality can matter just as much.Two other explanations are more speculative. First, some of the business restructuring of recent years may have been ineptly done. Second, even if it was well done, it may have spread much less widely than people suppose.Leonard Schlesinger, a Harvard academic and former chief executive of Au Bon Pain, a rapidly growing chain of bakery cafes, says that much “re-engineering” has been crude. In many cases, he believes, the loss of revenue has been greater than the reductions in cost. His colleague, Michael Beer, says that far too many companies have applied re-engineering in a mechanistic fashion, chopping out costs without giving sufficient thought to long-term profitability. BBDO’s Al Rosenshine is blunter. He dismisses a lot of the work of re-engineering consultants as mere rubbish —“the worst sort of ambulance-chasing”.35. According to the author, the American economic situation is___________.A) not as good as it seems B) at its turning pointC) much better that it seems D) near to complete recovery36. The official statistics on productivity growth ____________.A) exclude the usual rebound in a business cycleB) fall short of businessmen’s anticipationC) meet the expectation of business peopleD) fail to reflect the true state of economy37. The author raises the question “what about pain without gain” because _______.A) he questions the truth of “no gain without pain”B) he does not think the productivity revolution worksC) he wonders if the official statistics are misleadingD) he has conclusive evidence for the revival of business38. Which of the following statements is NOT mentioned in the passage?A) Radical reforms are essential for the increase of productivity.B) New ways of organizing workplaces may help to increase productivity.C) The reduction of costs is not a sure way to gain long-term profitability.D) The consultants are a bunch of go-for-nothings.Passage 3Items 39 to 42 are based on the following passage:The process of perceiving other people is rarely translated (to ourselves or others) into cold, objective terms. “She was 5 feet 8 inches tall, had fair hair, and wore a colored skirt.” More often, we try to get inside the other person to pinpoint his or her attitudes, emotions, motivation, abilities, ideas, and characters. Furthermore, we sometimes behave as if we can accomplish this difficult job very quickly—perhaps with a two-second glance.We try to obtain information about others in many ways. Berger suggests several methods for reducing uncertainties about others: watching, without being noticed, a person interacting with others, particularly with those who are known to you so you can compare the observed person’s behavior with the known others’ behavior, observing a person in a situation where social behavior is relatively unrestrained or where a wide variety of behavioral responses are called for, deliberately structuring the physical or social environment so as to observe the person’s responses to specific stimuli; asking people who have had or have frequent contact with the person about him or her, and using various strategies in face-to-face interaction to uncover information about another person—questions, self-disclosures and so on. Getting to know someone is a never-ending task, largely because people are constantly changing and the methods we use to obtain information are oftenimprecise. You may have known someone for ten years and still known very little about him. If we accept the idea that we won’t ever fully know another person, it enables us to deal more easily with those things that get in the way of accurate knowledge such as secrets and deceptions. It will also keep us from being too surprised or shocked by seemingly inconsistent behavior. Ironically, those things that keep us from knowing another person too well (e.g., secrets and deceptions) may be just as important to the development of a satisfying relationship as those things that enable us to obtain accurate knowledge about a person (e.g., disclosures and truthful statements).39. What do we learn from the first paragraph?A) People are better described in cold, objective terms.B) The difficulty of getting to know a person is usually underestimated.C) One should not judge people by their appearance.D) One is usually subjective when assessing other people’s personality.40. It can be inferred from Berger’s suggestions that __________.A) people do not reveal their true self on every occasionB) in most cases we should avoid contacting the observed person directlyC) the best way to know a person is by making comparisonsD) face-to-face interaction is the best strategy to uncover41.In developing personal relationships, secrets and deceptions, in the author’sopinion, are __________.A) personal matters that should be seriously dealt withB) barriers that should be done away withC) as significant as disclosures and truthful statementsD) things people should guard against42. The author’s purpose in writing this passage is _________.A) to give advice on appropriate conduct for social occasionsB) to provide ways of how to obtain information about peopleC) to call the reader’s attention to the negative side of people’s charactersD) to discuss the various aspects of getting to know peoplePassage 4Items 43 to 46 are based on the following passage:Dr. Thomas Starzl, like all the pioneers of organ transplantation, had to learn to live with failure. When he performed the world’s first liver transplant 25 years ago, the patient, a three-year-old boy, died on the operating table. The next four patients didn’t liv e long enough to get out of the hospital. But more determined than discouraged, Starzl and his colleagues went back to their lab at the University of Colorado Medical School. They devised techniques to reduce the heavy bleeding during surgery, and they worked on better ways to prevent the recipient’s immune system from rejecting the organ — an ever-present risk. Now, thanks to further refinements, about two thirds of all liver-transplant patients are living more than a year.But the triumphs of the transplant surgeons have created yet another tragic problem: a severe shortage of donor organs. “As the results get better, more people go on the waiting list and there’s wider disparity between supply and need,” says one doctor. The American Council on Transplan tation estimated that on any given day 15,000 Americans are waiting for organs. There is no shortage of actual organs; each year about 25,000 healthy people die unexpectedly in the United States, usually in accidents. The problem is that fewer than 20 percent become donors.This trend persists despite laws designed to encourage organ recycling. Under the federal UniformAnatomical Gift Act, a person can authorize the use of his organs after death by signing a statement. Legally, the next of kin can veto these posthumous gifts, but surveys indicate that 70 to 80 percent of the public would not interfere with a family member’s decision. The bigger roadblock, according to some experts, is that physicians don’t ask for donations, either because they fear offend ing grieving survivors or because they still regard some transplant procedures as experimental.When there aren’t enough organs to go round, distributing the available ones becomes a matter of deciding who will live and who will die. Once donors and potential recipients have been matched for body size and blood type, the sickest patients customarily go to the top of the local waiting list. Beyond the seriousness of the patient’s condition, doctors base their choice on such criteria as the length of time th e patient has been waiting, how long it will take to obtain an organ and whether the transplant team can gear up in time.43. One factor causing death on organ transplantation is ___________.A) heavy bleeding during surgeryB) destruction of patients’ immune systemC) objection from patients to taking organs of othersD) doctors’ lack of confidence44. In the U.S. there is a long waiting list for organs because __________.A) there is a shortage of actual organsB) only a few people become organ donorsC) doctors have set a limit to the number of organ recipientsD) transplant surgery is still experimental45. There would be many more organ donors if ____________.A) laws are designed to encourage organ recyclingB) people can’t legally prevent a family member from donating his organC) doctors are more willing to ask for donationsD) transplant surgery is more successful46. Which of the following would be the best title for this passage?A) Dr. Starzl and Transplant SurgeryB) Transplant Surgery in the U.S.C) The Future of Transplant SurgeryD) Success in Transplant Surgery and Shortage of OrgansPassage 5Items 47 to 50 are based on the following passage:The beginnings of marine biology can be traced back to the renowned Greek philosopher Aristotle of the 3rd century B.C. In certain respects, he was a greater marine biologist than any who followed him, for he made many notable observations with no books to guide him and no microscope with which to see fine details. He studied chiefly the seashore animals of the Greek Coast. In the words of Charles Singer, an English historian of science, Aris totle has left an “imperishable account of some of the things he has seen with his own eyes”. There was no study of seashore life comparable with that of Aristotle until almost the beginning of the nineteenth century. In the first part of that century, biologists of England and Norway made many striking contributions to man’s knowledge of life in the sea. The leader in these discoveri es was Edward Forbes, who classified ocean life according to the depths in which it was found. In Forbes’, methods of dredging the greatdeeps had not been invented. Generalizing from studies he made in shallow depth, Forbes was convinced that there was no life on the bottom below 50 meters. This was an error, to be sure, but a very stimulating one, for scientists set to work to put Forbes’ theory to the test. Within twenty years after his death, they had proved that such types of animals as sea stars, worms, and mollusks lived on the ocean bottom at depths of more than one and one-half kilometers. From later explorations by the Danish ship Galathea and Russian ship Vitiazmen they came to know that such creatures occur on the bottom in the deepest parts of the ocean —The Philippine trench and the Kurile Kamchatka trench, more than ten kilometers beneath the surface of the sea.The Challenger expedition was organized by men who were students of Forbes and were carrying out the work that he started. The resul ts of the expedition, which added immeasurably to man’s knowledge of the ocean and of the creatures that dwell there, were published in fifty huge volumes. They are still a model for contributors to the sciences of oceanography and marine biology.47. As a marine biologist, Aristotle’s greatness lies in his __________.A) study of the Greek coastB) long-lived account of his studyC) being a famous philosopherD) study of the Greek coast by making observations with no books to guide him48. Edward Forbes is so important to be mentioned here for __________.A) he is Aristotle’s followerB)the error he made in his discovery stimulated other scientists to find out the truthC) he made a great errorD) he was the leader of the English and Norwegian biologists in the 19th century49. At last men found out that __________.A) there was no life on the bottom below 550 metersB)there were some animals living on the ocean bottom at depths of more thanone and one-half kilometersC)sea stars and some other animals lived on the bottom in the deepest parts of the oceanD) worms could not live on the bottom of the ocean50. Which of the following is not true?A) Marine biology can be traced back to the beginning of human history.B)Before the 19th century, Ari stotle’s study of seashore life was beyond compare.C) “Challenger” was the name of an expeditionary ship.C)Man’s knowledge of the ocean owes a lot to Forbes’ students who made the “Challenger” expedition.Part III Writing (30%)Directions: For this part, you are asked to write a composition on the topic Job Problems for University Graduates.Please base your composition on the topic and the outlines given and yourcomposition is required to contain about 600 words.1.To state that many graduates cannot find a job related to their specialty or of their interest.2.To give possible reasons for the status quo.3.To suggest some solutions to the problems.。
上海海事大学研究生英语笔译汉译英
杭州杭州，是我国著名的历史文化名城1，也是七大古都之一。
在元朝时期2，杭州成为东南重镇，经济繁荣，风景优美，被意大利旅行家马可·波罗赞叹为3“世界上最美丽华贵的天城”。
到明清，杭州社会经济文化发展仍处全国前茅。
中华人民共和国建立4以后，杭州是浙江省会，是全省政治、经济、文化中心和5交通枢纽6，西湖风景区也得到了前所未有的大规模修整，成为世界知名的风景旅游城市7。
去年杭州接待境外游客51万人次，旅游外汇收入2.1亿美元；接待国内游客2121万人次，国内旅游收入达到146亿元8。
杭州市荣获首批“中国优秀旅游城市”称号，西湖风景名胜区被命名为全国10个文明风景旅游示范点之一。
译文HangzhouHangzhou is a historically and culturally famous Chinese city (a famous historical and cultural city in China)1, reputed as one of seven major capitals from China’s ancient past (in the Chinese history).During the [period of] Yuan Dynasty2, Hangzhou was established as a town of strategic importance in southeast China, with a flourishing economy and beautiful scenery, being3, in the words of the Italian traveler Marco Polo, the “most beautiful and luxurious city in the world.” During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Hangzhou was still leading the way in economic, social and cultural development in China.After the founding4 (creation/birth) of the People’s Republic of China, Hangzhou became the capital of Zhejiang Province, functioning as the political, economic and cultural center as well as5 a transportation hub of [in]6the province. With the sightseeing area (sites/spot) of West Lake [being] renovated on an unprecedented scale, Hangzhou has become a city famous world wide for its scenic views7.Last year 510,000 overseas tourists visited Hangzhou, bringing in US$ 210 million, along with 21.21 million domestic tourists, earning the city 14.6 billion RMB (Hangzhou received 510 thousand overseas tourists, earning $ 210 million, along with 21.21 million domestic tourists, earning 14.6 billion RMB) 8. Hangzhou was selected (appraised as) one of the first group of “Top Tourist Cities of China,” and the West Lake Scenic Site (Spot) became one of the ten model civilized scenic sites in China.旅游的意义旅游是一种1集观光、娱乐、健身为一体的愉快而美好的活动。
2014年上海海事大学考研真题翻译硕士英语
小（重要提示：答案必须做在答题纸上，做在试题上不给分）考试科目代码211 考试科目名称翻译硕士英语Part I Vocabulary and Structure (30%)Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A),B), C) and D). Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Then mark the correspondingletter on the Answer Sheet.1.It is customary for the bride and groom to __________ their wedding ceremony the evening before theoccasion.A) rehearse B) reciteC) relieve D) reiterate2.The students dormitory is __________ to the school campus.A) adjunct B) absentC) adolescent D) adjacent3.The whole house was in a dilapidated condition; the door __________ on its hinges and the floorboardswere nearly rotten.A) screeched B) squealedC) squeaked C) sledged4.After Obama announced that he planned to run for president, the telephone at campaign headquarters rang__________.A) incisively B) incessantlyC) impartially D) impatiently5.Because she was a few minutes late, she __________ into class and sat in the back of the room.A) crawled B) tiptoedC) rambled D) stumbled6.During the long __________ last year, the farmers had to irrigate their crops.A) drought B) questC) threat D) sleet7.Almost every manager needs an assistant whom he can __________ to take care of problems that mayoccur in his absence.A) count to B) count onC) count for D) count of8.Tom doesn’t even know that angles of less than 90 degrees are called __________ angles.A) obtuse B) focalC) acute D) converging9.One of the __________at the post office is for local mail and the other one is for out-of-town mail.A) slides B) slatsC) slots D) slips10. It is important to boost the morale of the soldiers as low morale can render an army __________.A) sterile B) barrenC) dissolute D) impotent11.Schools should not __________ poor children of the opportunity for learning.A) deprive B) impressC) improvise D) derive12. As there were no other choices, we decided to pay for the furniture on the __________ plan.A) deposit B) debitC) installment D) creditrry was so __________ in his reading that he forgot about his meat cooking in the oven.A) enlivened B) engrossedC) engraved D) enlightened14.Finally, the powerful ruler __________ a rebellion and punished the instigators.A) supported B) reinstatedC) resigned D) suppressed15.The spy used a __________ name while dealing with his counterpart.A) fictitious B) fictileC) fidgety D) fiery16.Nothing is better than a cup of tea to __________ my thirst after playing tennis for two hours.A) quash B) quenchC) quit D) quell17.Christopher Columbus was the first person to __________ under the patronage of Queen Isabella of Spain.A) wander B) navigateC) circumvent D) explore18.After receiving the insulting letter, Ian became __________.A) fugitive B) revengefulC) resentful D) furious19.To some people in the west, marriage is an ___________ institution.A) obsolete B) ancientC) archaic D) extant20.The government is engaged in a project to __________ the hostile element of society.A) dignify B) pacifyC) satisfy D) certify21.The swimmer __________ from the water and climbed onto the boat.A) emerged B) submergedC) merged D) entered22.The city maintains very many Chinese traditions which are among the highest achievements of those whocreated the __________ we now enjoy.A) inheritance B) geneticsC) estate D) heritage23.She worked __________ from a desire to live a full life either in favorable or unfavorable conditions.A) assertively B) persistentlyC) resiliently D) insistently24.We have heard that his face was badly __________ in the crash last night.A) browsed B) breachedC) bruised D) brooded25.The very idea of your taking part in the beauty competition is __________.A) alphabetic B) absurdC) abnormal D) abrupt26.The clerk in the patent office said to his boss, “Look, I am not drunk. I’m as __________ as a judge.”A) sober B) steadyC) somber D) clear27.My continual __________ kept the other workmen awake at night during the past weeks when we werestaying together.A) snarling B) snoringC) sneering D) snoozing28.It is very convenient for you to replace any part of the machine, for they are all __________.A) mechanized B) normalizedC) standardized D) modernized29.She wants to set up a school to __________ her skills and knowledge to the young generation.A) impede B) inheritC) impart D) intervene30.He is considered one of the geniuses in our school, but I think his paintings are quite __________.A) meager B) mediumC) moderate D) mediocrePart II Reading Comprehension (40%) Directions:There are 5 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decideon the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.Passage 1Items 31 to 34 are based on the following passage:Perhaps the most challenging is the set of skills required to produce a written assignment, the most common means by which student learning is evaluated. This demands a critical evaluation of a potentially large amount of required reading.The reading required to perform writing tasks requires a set of effective strategies with which many students may be unfamiliar. The texts themselves may vary greatly in both content and style from subject to subject but all require the same critical analysis of conceptually complicated material.Similarly, the experience of speaking before an audience will almost certainly be a new experience for most undergraduates. Again, students are expected to critically evaluate issues and to contribute to the discussion or analysis. Participation in these discussions often forms part of a student’s course assessment and those who fail to express themselves may gain lower grades.Many students find the experience of attending university lectures to be a confusing and frustrating experience. The lecturer speaks for one or two hours perhaps illustrating the talk with slides, writing up important information on the blackboard, distributing reading material and giving out assignments. The new student sees the other students continuously writing on notebooks and wonders what to write. Very often the student leaves the lecture with notes which do not catch the main points and which become hard even for the student himself to understand.Most institutions provide courses which assist new students to develop the skill they need to be effectivelisteners and notetakers. If these are unavailable there are many useful study-skill guides which enable learners to practice these skills independently. In all cases it is important to tackle the problem before actually starting your studies. If you leave it until after your course begins, you may find that you are not able to study and to learn how to study at the same time.It is important to acknowledge that most students have difficulty in acquiring the language skill required in college study. One way of overcoming these difficulties is to attend the language and study-skill classes which most institutions provide throughout the academic year. Another basic strategy is to find a study partner with whom it is possible to identify difficulties, exchange ideas and provide support.The acquisition of effective language and study skills is a process which continues throughout undergraduate life and is itself a fundamental component of a university education.31. The passage is mainly about ________.A) the necessity of getting much knowledgeB) the training of writing at collegeC) the importance of acquiring a set of effective study skillsD) the training of reading ability32.When a student has difficulties acquiring language skills, it is advisable for him orher to __________.A) turn to the teacher immediately B) exchange ideas with a partnerC) seek advice from books D) memorize more words33. Which of the following is true according to the passage?A) Most students are confused by traditional teaching.B) Most teachers fail to teach students how to learn.C) Taking notes in class is not so important.C)Learning how to learn is just as important as what to learn.34. When speaking before an audience, it is important for a student to ________.A) give his own comments B) speak clearly enoughC) show his knowledge from books D) notice others’ reactionPassage 2Items 35 to 38 are based on the following passage:Well, no gain without pain, they say. But what about pain without gain? Everywhere you go in America, you hear tales of corporate revival. What is harder to establish is whether the productivity revolution that businessmen assume they are presiding over is for real.The official statistics are mildly discouraging. They show that, if you lump manufacturing and services together, productivity has grown on average by 1.2% since 1987. That is somewhat faster than the average during the previous decade. And since 1991, productivity has increased by about 2% a year, which is more than twice the 1978—87 average. The trouble is that part of the recent acceleration is due to the usual rebound that occurs at this point in a business cycle, and so is not conclusive evidence of a revival in the underlying trend. There is, as Robert Rubin, the treasury secretary, says, a “disjunction” between the mass of business anecdote that points to a leap in productivity and the picture reflected by the statistics.Some of this can be easily explained. New ways of organizing the workplace—all that re-engineering and downsizing—are only one contribution to the overall productivity of an economy, which is driven by many other factors such as joint investment in equipment and machinery, new technology, and investment in education and training. Moreover, most of the changes that companies make are intended to keep them profitable, and this need not always mean increasing productivity: switching to new markets or improvingquality can matter just as much.Two other explanations are more speculative. First, some of the business restructuring of recent years may have been ineptly done. Second, even if it was well done, it may have spread much less widely than people suppose.Leonard Schlesinger, a Harvard academic and former chief executive of Au Bon Pain, a rapidly growing chain of bakery cafes, says that much “re-engineering” has been crude. In many cases, he believes, the loss of revenue has been greater than the reductions in cost. His colleague, Michael Beer, says that far too many companies have applied re-engineering in a mechanistic fashion, chopping out costs without giving sufficient thought to long-term profitability. BBDO’s Al Rosenshine is blunter. He dismisses a lot of the work of re-engineering consultants as mere rubbish —“the worst sort of ambulance-chasing”.35. According to the author, the American economic situation is___________.A) not as good as it seems B) at its turning pointC) much better that it seems D) near to complete recovery36. The official statistics on productivity growth ____________.A) exclude the usual rebound in a business cycleB) fall short of businessmen’s anticipationC) meet the expectation of business peopleD) fail to reflect the true state of economy37. The author raises the question “what about pain without gain” because _______.A) he questions the truth of “no gain without pain”B) he does not think the productivity revolution worksC) he wonders if the official statistics are misleadingD) he has conclusive evidence for the revival of business38. Which of the following statements is NOT mentioned in the passage?A) Radical reforms are essential for the increase of productivity.B) New ways of organizing workplaces may help to increase productivity.C) The reduction of costs is not a sure way to gain long-term profitability.D) The consultants are a bunch of go-for-nothings.Passage 3Items 39 to 42 are based on the following passage:The process of perceiving other people is rarely translated (to ourselves or others) into cold, objective terms. “She was 5 feet 8 inches tall, had fair hair, and wore a colored skirt.” More often, we try to get inside the other person to pinpoint his or her attitudes, emotions, motivation, abilities, ideas, and characters. Furthermore, we sometimes behave as if we can accomplish this difficult job very quickly—perhaps with a two-second glance.We try to obtain information about others in many ways. Berger suggests several methods for reducing uncertainties about others: watching, without being noticed, a person interacting with others, particularly with those who are known to you so you can compare the observed person’s behavior with the known others’ behavior, observing a person in a situation where social behavior is relatively unrestrained or where a wide variety of behavioral responses are called for, deliberately structuring the physical or social environment so as to observe the person’s responses to specific stimuli; asking people who have had or have frequent contact with the person about him or her, and using various strategies in face-to-face interaction to uncover information about another person—questions, self-disclosures and so on. Getting to know someone is a never-ending task, largely because people are constantly changing and the methods we use to obtain information are oftenimprecise. You may have known someone for ten years and still known very little about him. If we accept the idea that we won’t ever fully know another person, it enables us to deal more easily with those things that get in the way of accurate knowledge such as secrets and deceptions. It will also keep us from being too surprised or shocked by seemingly inconsistent behavior. Ironically, those things that keep us from knowing another person too well (e.g., secrets and deceptions) may be just as important to the development of a satisfying relationship as those things that enable us to obtain accurate knowledge about a person (e.g., disclosures and truthful statements).39. What do we learn from the first paragraph?A) People are better described in cold, objective terms.B) The difficulty of getting to know a person is usually underestimated.C) One should not judge people by their appearance.D) One is usually subjective when assessing other people’s personality.40. It can be inferred from Berger’s suggestions that __________.A) people do not reveal their true self on every occasionB) in most cases we should avoid contacting the observed person directlyC) the best way to know a person is by making comparisonsD) face-to-face interaction is the best strategy to uncover41.In developing personal relationships, secrets and deceptions, in the author’sopinion, are __________.A) personal matters that should be seriously dealt withB) barriers that should be done away withC) as significant as disclosures and truthful statementsD) things people should guard against42. The author’s purpose in writing this passage is _________.A) to give advice on appropriate conduct for social occasionsB) to provide ways of how to obtain information about peopleC) to call the reader’s attention to the negative side of people’s charactersD) to discuss the various aspects of getting to know peoplePassage 4Items 43 to 46 are based on the following passage:Dr. Thomas Starzl, like all the pioneers of organ transplantation, had to learn to live with failure. When he performed the world’s first liver transplant 25 years ago, the patient, a three-year-old boy, died on the operating table. The next four patients didn’t liv e long enough to get out of the hospital. But more determined than discouraged, Starzl and his colleagues went back to their lab at the University of Colorado Medical School. They devised techniques to reduce the heavy bleeding during surgery, and they worked on better ways to prevent the recipient’s immune system from rejecting the organ — an ever-present risk. Now, thanks to further refinements, about two thirds of all liver-transplant patients are living more than a year.But the triumphs of the transplant surgeons have created yet another tragic problem: a severe shortage of donor organs. “As the results get better, more people go on the waiting list and there’s wider disparity between supply and need,” says one doctor. The American Council on Transplan tation estimated that on any given day 15,000 Americans are waiting for organs. There is no shortage of actual organs; each year about 25,000 healthy people die unexpectedly in the United States, usually in accidents. The problem is that fewer than 20 percent become donors.This trend persists despite laws designed to encourage organ recycling. Under the federal UniformAnatomical Gift Act, a person can authorize the use of his organs after death by signing a statement. Legally, the next of kin can veto these posthumous gifts, but surveys indicate that 70 to 80 percent of the public would not interfere with a family member’s decision. The bigger roadblock, according to some experts, is that physicians don’t ask for donations, either because they fear offend ing grieving survivors or because they still regard some transplant procedures as experimental.When there aren’t enough organs to go round, distributing the available ones becomes a matter of deciding who will live and who will die. Once donors and potential recipients have been matched for body size and blood type, the sickest patients customarily go to the top of the local waiting list. Beyond the seriousness of the patient’s condition, doctors base their choice on such criteria as the length of time th e patient has been waiting, how long it will take to obtain an organ and whether the transplant team can gear up in time.43. One factor causing death on organ transplantation is ___________.A) heavy bleeding during surgeryB) destruction of patients’ immune systemC) objection from patients to taking organs of othersD) doctors’ lack of confidence44. In the U.S. there is a long waiting list for organs because __________.A) there is a shortage of actual organsB) only a few people become organ donorsC) doctors have set a limit to the number of organ recipientsD) transplant surgery is still experimental45. There would be many more organ donors if ____________.A) laws are designed to encourage organ recyclingB) people can’t legally prevent a family member from donating his organC) doctors are more willing to ask for donationsD) transplant surgery is more successful46. Which of the following would be the best title for this passage?A) Dr. Starzl and Transplant SurgeryB) Transplant Surgery in the U.S.C) The Future of Transplant SurgeryD) Success in Transplant Surgery and Shortage of OrgansPassage 5Items 47 to 50 are based on the following passage:The beginnings of marine biology can be traced back to the renowned Greek philosopher Aristotle of the 3rd century B.C. In certain respects, he was a greater marine biologist than any who followed him, for he made many notable observations with no books to guide him and no microscope with which to see fine details. He studied chiefly the seashore animals of the Greek Coast. In the words of Charles Singer, an English historian of science, Aris totle has left an “imperishable account of some of the things he has seen with his own eyes”. There was no study of seashore life comparable with that of Aristotle until almost the beginning of the nineteenth century. In the first part of that century, biologists of England and Norway made many striking contributions to man’s knowledge of life in the sea. The leader in these discoveri es was Edward Forbes, who classified ocean life according to the depths in which it was found. In Forbes’, methods of dredging the greatdeeps had not been invented. Generalizing from studies he made in shallow depth, Forbes was convinced that there was no life on the bottom below 50 meters. This was an error, to be sure, but a very stimulating one, for scientists set to work to put Forbes’ theory to the test. Within twenty years after his death, they had proved that such types of animals as sea stars, worms, and mollusks lived on the ocean bottom at depths of more than one and one-half kilometers. From later explorations by the Danish ship Galathea and Russian ship Vitiazmen they came to know that such creatures occur on the bottom in the deepest parts of the ocean —The Philippine trench and the Kurile Kamchatka trench, more than ten kilometers beneath the surface of the sea.The Challenger expedition was organized by men who were students of Forbes and were carrying out the work that he started. The resul ts of the expedition, which added immeasurably to man’s knowledge of the ocean and of the creatures that dwell there, were published in fifty huge volumes. They are still a model for contributors to the sciences of oceanography and marine biology.47. As a marine biologist, Aristotle’s greatness lies in his __________.A) study of the Greek coastB) long-lived account of his studyC) being a famous philosopherD) study of the Greek coast by making observations with no books to guide him48. Edward Forbes is so important to be mentioned here for __________.A) he is Aristotle’s followerB)the error he made in his discovery stimulated other scientists to find out the truthC) he made a great errorD) he was the leader of the English and Norwegian biologists in the 19th century49. At last men found out that __________.A) there was no life on the bottom below 550 metersB)there were some animals living on the ocean bottom at depths of more thanone and one-half kilometersC)sea stars and some other animals lived on the bottom in the deepest parts of the oceanD) worms could not live on the bottom of the ocean50. Which of the following is not true?A) Marine biology can be traced back to the beginning of human history.B)Before the 19th century, Ari stotle’s study of seashore life was beyond compare.C) “Challenger” was the name of an expeditionary ship.C)Man’s knowledge of the ocean owes a lot to Forbes’ students who made the “Challenger” expedition.Part III Writing (30%)Directions: For this part, you are asked to write a composition on the topic Job Problems for University Graduates.Please base your composition on the topic and the outlines given and yourcomposition is required to contain about 600 words.1.To state that many graduates cannot find a job related to their specialty or of their interest.2.To give possible reasons for the status quo.3.To suggest some solutions to the problems.。
2014-2018年考研英语(一)真题及答案解析
2014 年考研英语一真题及答案（解析版）Section I Use of LanguageDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(S) for each numbered blank and mark A, B ,C or D on ANSWER SHEET. (10 Points)As many people hit middle age, they often start to notice that their memory and mental clarity are not what they used to be. We suddenly can't remember 1 we put the keys just a moment ago, or an old acquaintance's name, or the name of an old band we used to love. As the brain 2 , we refer to these occurrences as "senior moments." 3 seemingly innocent, this loss of mental focus can potentially have a(an) 4 impact on our professional, social, and personal 5 .Neuroscientists, experts who study the nervous system, are increasingly showing that there's actually a lot that can be done. It 6 out that the brain needs exercise in much the same way our muscles do, and the right mental 7 can significantly improve our basic cognitive 8 . Thinking is essentially a 9 of making connections in the brain. To a certain extent, our ability to 10 in making the connections that drive intelligence is inherited. 11 , because these connections are made through effort and practice, scientists believe that intelligence can expand and fluctuate 12 mental effort.Now, a new Web-based company has taken it a step 13 and developed the first "brain training program" designed to actually help people improve and regain their mental 14 .The Web-based program 15 you to systematically improve your memory and attention skills. The program keeps 16 of your progress and provides detailed feedback 17 your performance and improvement. Most importantly, it 18 modifies and enhances the games you play to 19 on the strengths you are developing--much like a(n) 20 exercise routine requires you to increase resistance and vary your muscle use.1.[A]where [B]when [C]that [D]why2.[A]improves [B]fades [C]recovers [D]collapses3.[A]If [B]Unless [C]Once [D]While4.[A]uneven [B]limited [C]damaging [D]obscure5.[A]wellbeing [B]environment [C]relationship [D]outlook6.[A]turns [B]finds [C]points [D]figures7.[A]roundabouts [B]responses [C]workouts [D]associations8.[A]genre [B]functions [C]circumstances [D]criterion9.[A]channel [B]condition [C]sequence [D]process10.[A]persist [B]believe [C]excel [D]feature11.[A]Therefore [B]Moreover [C]Otherwise [D]However12.[A]according to [B]regardless of [C]apart from [D]instead of13.[A]back [B]further [C]aside [D]around14.[A]sharpness [B]stability [C]framework [D]flexibility15.[A]forces [B]reminds [C]hurries [D]allows16.[A]hold [B]track [C]order [D]pace17.[A] to [B]with [C]for [D]on18.[A]irregularly [B]habitually [C]constantly [D]unusually19.[A]carry [B]put [C]build [D]take20.[A]risky [B]effective [C]idle [D]familiar【答案】 1-5 ABDCA6-10 ACBDC11-15 DABAD16-20 BDCCB1.[标准答案] [A][考点分析] 上下文语义和连词辨析[选项分析] 本题考查连词。
2018上海海事大学621综合英语初试真题
2018 年上海海事大学攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题（重要提示：答案必须做在答题纸上，做在试题上不给分，答题纸上务必标清楚大题号和小题号）考试科目：综合英语I.Structure and Vocabulary: (40/150)(I)GrammarDirections: In this part, there are 20 sentences. After each sentence there are four choices and you should decide on the best one.1.In fact he had done he could to help the poor.A. whatB. whichC. asD. all which2.We’ve tested ten types of material, is completely waterproof.A. no of whichB. none of whichC. some of thatD. neither of which3.makes men different from the other animals is that they can think and speak.A. ThatB. The thingC. AllD. What4.She scarcely cares for anything, ?A. doesn’t sheB. does sheC. is sheD. isn’t she5.He has made another wonderful discovery, of great importance to science.A. which I think it isB. of which I think it isC. I think which isD. which I think is6.the importance of wearing seat belts while driving.A. Little they realizeB. They little do realizeC. Little realize do theyD. Little do they realize7.They will go home for winter vacation as soon as they their exams.A. have finished B .finishC. will finishD. will have finished8.Without your help, we so much.A. didn’t achieveB. would not have achievedC. will not achieveD. don’t achieve9.The time will come man can fly to outer space freely.A. thatB. whenC. in thatD. which10.you were busy, I wouldn’t have bothered you with my questions.A. If I realizedB. Had I realizedC. Did I have realized thatD. As I realized11.Tom said that he wouldn’t mind .A. to wait for usB. waiting for usC. wait for usD. for waiting us12.The students are busy the examination.A. preparing forB. preparingC. to prepareD. to prepare for13.It’s high time we something to stop traffic accident.A. doB. willC. didD. must do14.We can hardly avoid making any mistakes in our work hard we try.A. whateverB. howC. no matterD. however15.He spoke confidently, impressed me most.A. so thatB. itC. thatD. which16.He asked since he had been chairman for seven years.A. not to have been re-electedB. to be not re-electedC. not to be re-electedD. to have not been re-elected17.He took down a square green bottle, he poured into a dish.A. its contentsB. which contentC. the contents of whichD. the content of that18.We regret you that the materials you ordered are out of stock.A. informingB. to informC. informedD. to have informed19.Our teacher recommends that we as attentive as possible when we visit the museum.A. areB. wereC. shall beD. be20.Never before that night the extent of my own power.A. had I feelB. I feltC. did I feelD. I would feel(II)VocabularyDirections: In this part, there are 20 sentences. After each sentence there are four choices, and you should decide on the best choice.21.No one knows there is a small island inhabited by a vast assemblage of animals and plants in that country.A. occupiedB. livedC. habituatedD. dwelledck of employment outside the home tends to make women vulnerable to depression.A. surprised byB. impressed byC. attacked byD. disappointed by23.Many factories suffered substantial damage last year.A. littleB. existentC. solidD. noticeable24.Thanks to John I began to learn to trust my feelings.A. Thanks forB. Owing toC. Depending onD. Obliged to25.Rice production soared from 694,000 tons to 913,000.A. roaredB. grewC. flewD. reduced26.Martin’s job offer spurred the others to do something themselves.A. speedB. encouragedC. madeD. wished27.The decline of the motor industry was obviously seen in the economic crisis last year.A. weakeningB. refusingC. decayingD. wasting28.The earliest fish have evolved into some 30,000 different species.A. exhibitedB. developedC. expandedD. extended29.She inherited her mother’s good looks and her father’s bad temper.A. derivedB. hinderedC. objectedD. mixed30.If they don’t invest wisely, they can lose their millions as fast as their ancestors made them.A. descentsB. successorsC. forefathersD. predecessors31.It is surprising that many millionaires are tightfisted.A. generousB. modestC. industriousD. miserly32.The improved lid of this jar makes for easier opening.A. interpretsB. gives inC. supportsD. contributes to33.People have to resort to elaborate security systems to protect themselves.A. complicatedB. up to dateC. coherentD. popular34.This is a clear indictment of government mismanagement,A. signB. statementC. accusationD. injusticending on the moon was one of the most dramatic scientific adventures of this century.A. literalB. impressiveC. flexibleD. constructive36.There is a(n) atmosphere of peace and calm in the country.A. general impressionB. environmentC. climateD. complexity37.The situation in Asia shows how power has shifted from individual governments to the markets.A. changedB. went aroundC. happenedD. placed38.Other factors contributing to the rise of Globalization are new technologies and better transportationsystems.A. giving toB. causing aboutC. leading toD. resulting from39.The teacher illustrated his lesson about France with photographs of the people who live there.A. indicatedB. explainedC. protectedD. instructed40.They disputed with each other on various issues.A. discussedB. competedC. disagreedD. arguedII.Read the following passages and choose the best from the four choices to complete the work attached at the end of each passage: (40/150)Passage AHot boning is an energy saving technique for the meat processing industry. It has received considerable attention in recent years when increased pressure for energy conservation has accentuated the need for more efficient methods of processing the bovine carcass. Cooling of an entire carcass requires a considerable amount of refrigerated space, since bone and trimmable fat are cooled along with the muscle. It is also necessary to space the carcasses adequately in the refrigerated room for better air movement and prevention of microbial contamination, thus adding to the volume requirements for carcass chillers.Conventional handling of meat involves holding the beef sides in the cooler for 24 to 36 hours before boning. Chilling in the traditional fashion is also associated with a loss of carcass weight ranging from 2% to 4% due to evaporation of moisture from the meat tissue.Early exc ision, or hot boning, of muscle prerigor followed by vacuum packaging has several potential advantages. By removing only the edible muscle and fat prerigor, refrigeration space and costs are minimized, boning labor is decreased and storage yields increased. Because hot boning often results in toughening of meat, a more recent approach, hot boning often following electrical stimulation, has been used to reduce the necessary time of rigor mortis. Some researchers have found this method beneficial in maintaining tender meat, while others have found that the meat also becomes tough after electrical stimulation.1.Which of the following was not mentioned as a drawback of the conventional methods of boning?A. Storage space requirements.B. Energy waste.C. Loss of carcass weight.D. Toughness of meat.2.Hot boning is becoming very popular because .A.it causes meat to be very tenderB.it helps conserve energy and is less expensive than conventional methodsC.meat tastes better when the bone is adequately seared along with the meatD.it reduces the weight of the carcass3.Carcass chiller means most nearly .A.a refrigerator for the animal bodyB.a method of boning meatC.electrical stimulation of beefD.early excision4.Early excision means most nearly .A. vacuum packagingB. hot boningC. carcass chillingD. electrical stimulation5.The toughening of meat during hot boning has been combatted by .A.following hot boning with electrical stimulationB.tenderizing the meating electrical stimulation before hot boningD.removing only the edible muscle and fat prerigorPassage BIn 1920, after some thirty-nine years of problems with disease, high costs, and politics, Panama Canal was officially opened, finally linking the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans by allow ing ships to pass through the fifty-mile canal zone instead of traveling some seven thousand miles around Cape Horn. It takes a ship approximately eight hours to complete the trip through the canal and costs an average of fifteen thousand dollars, one tenth of what it would coast an average ship to round the Horn. More than fifteen thousand ships pass through its locks each year.The French initiated the project but sold their right to the United States. The latter would control it until the end of the twentieth century when Panama took over its duties.6.Who currently controls the Panama Canal?A. FranceB. PanamaC. United StatesD. Canal Zone7.In approximately what did a different government take control of the Panama Canal?A. 2000B. 2100C. 3001D. 29998.On the average, how much would it cost a ship to travel around Cape Horn?A. $1,500B. $15,000C. $150,000D. $1,500,0009.In what year was construction probably begun on the canal?A. 1881B. 1920C. 1939D. 199910.What can be inferred from this reading?A.This is a costly project which should be reevaluated.B.Despite all the problems involved, the project is beneficial.C.Many captains prefer to sail around Cape Horn because it is less expensive.D.Due to all the problems, three governments have had to control the canal over the years. Passage CIn 776 B. C. the first Olympic Games were held at the foot of Mount Olympus to honor the Greek’s chief god, Zeus. The Greeks emphasized physical fitness and strength in their education of youth. Therefore, contests in running, jumping, discus and javelin throwing, boxing, and horse and chariot racing were held in individual cities, and the winners competed every four years at Mount Olympus. Winners were greatly honored by having olive wreaths placed on their heads and havingpoems sung about their deeds. Originally these were held as games of friendship, and any wars in progress were halted to allow the games to take place.The Greeks attached so much importance to these games that they calculated time in four-year cycles called “Olympiads” dating from 776 B. C.11.Which of the following is not true?A.Winners placed olive wreaths on their own heads.B.The games were held in Greece every four years.C.Battles were interrupted to participate in the games.D.Poems glorified the winners in song.12.Why were the Olympic Games held?A. To sop wars.B. To honor Zeus.C. To crown the best athletes.D. To sing songs about the athletes.13.Approximately how many years ago did these games originated?A. 776 years.B. 2,277 years.C. 1,205 years.D. 2,790 years.14.Which of the following contests was not mentioned?A. Discus throwing.B. Boxing.C. Skating.D. Running.15.What conclusion can we draw about the ancient Greeks?A. They liked to fight.B. They were very athletic.C. They liked a lot of ceremony. C. they couldn’t count, so they used “Olympiads” for dates. Passage DPetroleum products, such as gasoline, kerosene, home heating oil, residual fuel oil, and lubricating oils, come from one source—crude oil found below the earth’s surface, as we ll as under large bodies of water, from a few hundred feet below the surface to as deep as 25,000 feet into the earth’s interior. Sometimes crude oil is secured by drilling a hole through the earth, but more dry holes are drilled than those producing oil. Pressure at the source or pumping forces crude oil to the surface.Crude oil wells flow at varying rates, from ten to thousands of barrels per hour. Petroleum products are always measured in 42-gallon barrels.Petroleum products vary very greatly in physical appearance: thin, thick, transparent or opaque, but regardless, their chemical composition is made up of only two elements: carbon and hydrogen, which form compounds called hydrocarbons. Other chemical elements found in union with the hydrocarbons are few and are classified as impurities. Trace elements are also found, but these are of such minute quantities that they are disregarded. The combination of carbon and hydrogen forms many thousands of compounds which are possible because of the various positions and joinings of these two atoms in the hydrocarbon molecule.The various petroleum products are refined from the crude oil by heating and condensing the vapors. These products are the so-called light oils, such as gasoline, kerosene, and distillate oil. The residue remaining after the light oils are distilled is known as heavy or residual fuel oil and is used mostly for burning under boilers. Additional complicated refining processes rearrange the chemical。
2014年上海海事大学考研真题日语语法与翻译
2014年上海海事大学攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题（重要提示：答案必须做在答题纸上，做在试题上不给分）考试科目代码830 考试科目名称日语语法与翻译一、次の問題から正しい答えを一つ選んでください。
(1*30=30)１．台風の影響を＿＿＿＿＿受けて、収穫が激減した。
①いやに②かりに③もろに④やけに２．レポートのために、学校から借りていた本を＿＿＿＿した。
①へんきゃく②へんかん③へんさい④へんぴん３．子供の将来のため＿＿＿＿＿、この際、多少の出費はやむをえない。
①とあれば②とあって③とすれば④として４．新分野テレビにひな祭りのＣＭの出る季節となった。
だが、わが家で娘が生まれた頃は戦争で＿＿＿＿＿ではなかった。
①そればかり②それぐらい③それどころ④それどおり５．受験勉強で行き＿＿＿＿いたときに助けてくれたのが彼だった。
①惑って②滞って③詰まって④窮して６．電気＿＿＿＿おろか、水道さえない山奥で生活している。
①を②は③から④まで７．セールスの人の＿＿＿＿＿に乗せられて買った株で何百万も損をした。
①口車②肩車③糸車④歯車８．彼があの時見せたやる気は＿＿＿＿のだろう。
今になって、「やっぱりできません」とはどういうことか。
①できなかった②これだった③なんだった④ほんとうだった９．一連の事件で＿＿＿＿してしまった両者の関係を修復したい。
①めちゃくちゃ②こりごり③ぎくしゃく④ちんぷんかんぷん10.国際交流を進めるには、相手を理解しようとする姿勢＿＿＿＿＿。
①はいなめない②をかえりみない③が欠かせない④を異にする11.最近の祭りは以前ほど活気がなくなってきた。
しごとを＿＿＿行くひつようはないでしょう。
①休むことなく②休まないで③休まないまでも④休んでまで12.政治家は国民全体の利益を考えるべきだ。
自分の利益のために法律をかえる＿＿＿＿＿。
①ことにしくはない②ことがあってはならない③ことともいえる④ことにならない13.航空、レジャー関連企業が若者に人気があるという。
2018年上海海事大学812语法与翻译考研真题试题试卷
目录2018年上海海事大学812语法与翻译考研真题试题试卷 (2)2018年上海海事大学攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题（重要提示：答案必须做在答题纸上，做在试题上不给分）考试科目代码812 考试科目名称语法与翻译I. Choose from the following four choices marked A, B, C, and D in each sentence the one that best suits the sentence, and write the corresponding capital letters in the numbered group of five in the answer sheet (see the following model ).There are 50 sentences in all, each of which is worth one point. (50 points)Model: 1—5: ABCDA, 6—10: ABCDA11—15：ACBCA，16—20：BDBAC1. There were different names for the hidden people: fairies, elves, pixies, leprechauns, brownies, and goblins, to name but ____.A. a fewB. fewC. a littleD. little2. When the second plane struck the World Trade Center, she began _____.A. t o run for northB. running northC. r unning to northD. to run to north3. She often thinks that her six years in Italy were wasted, _____ she _____ that time learning more Italian.A. but that; might have takenB. for that; should have foundC. in that; could have spentD. with that; would have used4. The women ran down to assist them in bringing up their seals; but no sooner ____ the house than a voice was heard in the passage, and a man entered.A. after they re-enterB. had they re-enteredC. were they to re-enterD. when they had re-entered5. “I love you, and because I love you, I would sooner ____ me for telling you the truth than adore me fortelling you lies.”---- Pietro Aretino quotes.A. made you dislikeB. to let you admireC. have you hateD. you distaste for6. Mrs. Frisbee was a real estate broker, ____ she liked, but she was also drawn to the stimulation and varietyof the city after years in the suburbs raising children.A. thatB. whichC. whatD. for which7. Thomas Williams was stopped by the police as he came out of Bluey’s Club on Talbot Road, Notting Hill. He _____ a piece of iron down his left trouser leg, a petrol bomb in his right pocket and a razor blade in his inside breast pocket: “I have to protect myself,” he told the arresting officer.A. found to haveB. was found to haveC. found havingD. was found having8. A few years ago, computers were used only in business, in medicine, and for scientific research, _____ these days they are common in almost all schools.A. thoughB. whereasC. soD. therefore9. It was odd that you ____ for Margie’s address. I just got a letter from her --- the first one since her family moved on August 1, 1983.A. should have askedB. would have asked第1页（共6页）。
2014考研英语真题译文
2014考研英语真题译文2014年考研英语真题 Reading Comprehension Section AWater scarcity is a daily challenge for young girls in Sudan, forcing them to walk for miles to fetch water, missing out on education and suffering from the physical strain of carrying heavy loads. In some areas of Sudan, girls walk an average of 3.7 miles every day to collect water for their families, often missing school as a result. This water collection falls largely on the shoulders of girls and women, negatively impacting their education and overall well-being.The lack of access to clean water not only affects education but also leads to health problems. Waterborne diseases, such as diarrhea, cholera, and typhoid, are common in Sudan due to the use of contaminated water sources. The constant struggle to obtain water exacerbates the issue, as it leaves little time for girls to focus on their studies or take care of their health.According to a UNICEF report, around 170 million young girls worldwide are affected by water scarcity. This issue is particularly prevalent in developing countries where water sources are limited and infrastructure is lacking. In Sudan, the problem is exacerbated by political instability and ongoing conflicts, making it even more challenging to implement sustainable solutions.Efforts have been made to address this issue in Sudan. Non-governmental organizations and government initiatives have worked together to provide access to clean water in rural areas. Projects such as building wells and rainwater harvesting systems have helped alleviate theburden on girls and women. However, more support is needed to ensure that all communities have access to safe and clean water sources.Education plays a crucial role in breaking the cycle of poverty and improving the overall well-being of individuals. By addressing the water scarcity issue, more girls in Sudan will be able to attend school regularly, improve their educational opportunities, and have a better chance of breaking out of the cycle of poverty.In conclusion, water scarcity poses a significant challenge for young girls in Sudan, impacting their education, health, and overall well-being. Efforts to improve access to clean water sources are crucial in alleviating the burden on girls and providing them with equal educational opportunities. By addressing this issue, we can help empower young girls in Sudan and create a brighter future for generations to come.。