财务决策FinancialforDecision-makingCHAPTER14

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财务决策Financial for Decision-makingCHAPTER 4

CHAPTER 4Problem 4.4: SolutionFirstly, we can determine the cost of supplies used as follows:£Opening balance 3,400Supplies purchased 36,00039,400Less: returns 1,020Supplies made available 38,380Supplies used ?Closing balance 4,200As we have determined that the cost of supplies made available is £38,380 and we know that we have ended the year with a stock of £4,200, we can conclude that £34,180 (£38,380 - £4,200) of supplies must have been used during the year.The year-end adjusting and closing entries necessary in this situation can be managed in three stages. Firstly, the balances on the “cleaning supplies purchases” and the “cleaning supplies returns” accounts can be trans ferred to the cleaning supplies inventory account. This results in the “cleaning supplies purchases” and the “cleaning supplies returns” accounts commencing the new accounting year with zero balances.Cleaning Cleaning CleaningAs an alternative to this approach, the “cleaning supplies purchases” and the “cleaning supplies returns” accounts could be closed directly to the profit and loss account.Secondly, the cleaning supplies expense account can be debited with the £34,180 cost of cleaning supplies used that was calculated above. The corresponding credit entry is to the cleaning supplies inventory account. These entries result in the recognition of an expense (the supplies expense account will be closed to the profit & loss statement). They also result in a £4,200 debit balance in the supplies inventory account, which reflects the result of the year-end stock-count. This inventory account balance will comprise part of the total assets recorded in the year-end balance sheet.Thirdly, as a closing entry, the cleaning supplies expense account must be closed to the profit and loss account.Problem 4.5: Solutiona)(1) Sales revenue Unearned revenue2,500 420,000 2,500(2) Salaries & wage expense Accrued salaries & wages 145,000 4,0004,000(3) Depreciation expense Accumulated depreciation 82,000 10,00010,000(4) Rent expense Prepaid rent3,000 900 600600(5) Interest revenue Interest receivable11,000 1,0001,000(6) Insurance expense Prepaid insurance18,000 12,000 6,0006,000b)TranquilStay HotelRevised Profit and Loss Statementfor the year-ended 30 June 20X1€€Sales Revenue 417,500 Less: Cost of Sales 80,000 Gross Profit 337,500 Add: Interest revenue 12,000349,500 Less: ExpensesSalaries and wages expense 149,000Depreciation expense 92,000Car park rental expense 3,600Insurance expense 24,000Sundry expense 14,000282,600€ 66,900Problem 4.6: Solutiona)Unearned service revenue Service revenue1,000 1,000b) Insurance expense Prepaid insurance600 600 c)Interest receivable Interest revenue400 400 d)Supplies expense Supplies7,200 7,200 Problem 4.8: SolutionContribution would be owner putting more money into the business. Dividends are funds paid to the owners.The question wants to test your understanding of the Balance sheet equation,Assets = Liabilities + Owners EquityAssets increased by $140,000 = Liabilities increased 50,000 + (Owner Equity increased by 100,000 - Dividends Paid 10,000) keeps the equation in balance.。

financial-accounting-习题答案文档

Chapter. 11-1As in many ethics issues, there is no one right answer. The local newspaper reported on this issue in these terms: "The company covered up the first report, and the local newspaper uncovered the company's secret. The company was forced to not locate here (Collier County). It became patently clear that doing the least that is legally allowed is not enough."1-21. B2. B3. E4. F5. B6. F7. X 8. E 9. X 10. B1-3a. $96,500 ($25,000 + $71,500)b. $67,750 ($82,750 – $15,000)c. $19,500 ($37,000 – $17,500)1-4a. $275,000 ($475,000 – $200,000)b. $310,000 ($275,000 + $75,000 – $40,000)c. $233,000 ($275,000 – $15,000 – $27,000)d. $465,000 ($275,000 + $125,000 + $65,000)e. Net income: $45,000 ($425,000 – $105,000 – $275,000)1-5a. owner's equityb.liabilityc.assetd.assete.owner's equityf. asset 1-6a. Increases assets and increases owner’s equity.b. Increases assets and increases owner’s equity.c. Decreases assets and decreases owner’s equity.d. Increases assets and increases liabilities.e. Increases assets and decreases assets.1-71. increase2. decrease3.increase4. decrease1-8a. (1) Sale of catering services for cash, $25,000.(2) Purchase of land for cash, $10,000.(3) Payment of expenses, $16,000.(4) Purchase of supplies on account, $800.(5) Withdrawal of cash by owner, $2,000.(6) Payment of cash to creditors, $10,600.(7) Recognition of cost of supplies used, $1,400.b. $13,600 ($18,000 – $4,400)c. $5,600 ($64,100 – $58,500)d. $7,600 ($25,000 – $16,000 – $1,400)e. $5,600 ($7,600 – $2,000)1-9It would be incorrect to say that the business had incurred a net loss of $21,750. The excess of the withdrawals over the net income for the period is a decrease in the amount of owner’s equity in the business.1-10Balance sheet items: 1, 3, 4, 8, 9, 101-11Income statement items: 2, 5, 6, 71-12MADRAS COMPANYStatement of Owner’s EquityFor the Month Ended April 30, 2006Leo Perkins, capital, April 1, 2006 ............................. $297,200 Net income for the month ........................................... $73,000Less withdrawals ........................................................ 12,000Increase in owner’s equity ......................................... 61,000Leo Perkins, capital, April 30, 2006 ........................... $358,2001-13HERCULES SERVICESIncome StatementFor the Month Ended November 30, 2006Fees earned ................................................................. $232,120 Operating expenses:Wages expense ........................................................ $100,100Rent expense ........................................................... 35,000Supplies expense .................................................... 4,550Miscellaneous expense ........................................... 3,150Total operating expenses ................................... 142,800 Net income ................................................................... $ 89,3201-14Balance sheet: b, c, e, f, h, i, j, l, m, n, oIncome statement: a, d, g, k1-151. b–investing activity2.a–operating activity3. c–financing activity4.a–operating activity1-16a. 2003: $10,209 ($30,011 – $19,802)2002: $8,312 ($26,394 – $18,082)b. 2003: 0.52 ($10,209 ÷ $19,802)2002: 0.46 ($8,312 ÷ $18,082)c. T he ratio of liabilities to stockholders’ equity increased from 2002 to 2003,indicating an increase in risk for creditors. However, the assets of The Home Depot are more than sufficient to satisfy creditor claims. Chapter. 22-1AccountAccount NumberAccounts Payable 21Accounts Receivable 12Cash 11Corey Krum, Capital 31Corey Krum, Drawing 32Fees Earned 41Land 13Miscellaneous Expense 53Supplies Expense 52Wages Expense 512-2Balance Sheet Accounts Income Statement Accounts1. Assets11 Cash12 Accounts Receivable13 Supplies14 Prepaid Insurance15 Equipment2. Liabilities21 Accounts Payable22 Unearned Rent3. Owner's Equity31 Millard Fillmore, Capital32 Millard Fillmore, Drawing4. Revenue41 Fees Earned5. Expenses51 Wages Expense52 Rent Expense53 Supplies Expense59 Miscellaneous Expense2-3a. andb.Account Debited Account Credited Transaction Type Effect Type Effect(1) asset + owner's equity +(2) asset + asset –(3) asset + asset –liability +(4) expense + asset –(5) asset + revenue +(6) liability –asset –(7) asset + asset –(8) drawing + asset –(9) expense + asset –Ex. 2–4(1) Cash ...................................................................... 40,000Ira Janke, Capital ............................................ 40,000(2) Supplies ............................................................... 1,800Cash ................................................................ 1,800(3) Equipment ............................................................ 24,000Accounts Payable .......................................... 15,000Cash ................................................................ 9,000(4) Operating Expenses ............................................ 3,050Cash ................................................................ 3,050(5) Accounts Receivable .......................................... 12,000Service Revenue ............................................ 12,000(6) Accounts Payable ................................................ 7,500Cash ................................................................ 7,500(7) Cash ...................................................................... 9,500Accounts Receivable ..................................... 9,500(8) Ira Janke, Drawing ............................................... 5,000Cash ................................................................ 5,000(9) Operating Expenses ............................................ 1,050Supplies .......................................................... 1,050 2-51. debit and credit (c)2. debit and credit (c)3. debit and credit (c)4. credit only (b)5. debit only (a)6. debit only (a)7. debit only (a)2-6a. Liability—credit f. Revenue—creditb. Asset—debit g. Asset—debitc. Asset—debit h. Expense—debitd. Owner's equity i. Asset—debit(Cindy Yost, Capital)—credit j. Expense—debite. Owner's equity(Cindy Yost, Drawing)—debit2-7a. credit g. debitb. credit h. debitc. debit i. debitd. credit j. credite. debit k. debitf. credit l. credit2-8a. Debit (negative) balance of $1,500 ($10,500 – $4,000 – $8,000). Such anega tive balance means that the liabilities of Seth’s busine ssexceed the assets.b. Yes. The balance sheet prepared at December 31 will balance, withSeth Fite, Capital, being reported in the owner’s equity section as anegative $1,500.2-9a. The increase of $28,750 in the cash account does not indicateearnings of that amount. Earnings will represent the net change inall assets and liabilities from operating transactions.b. $7,550 ($36,300 – $28,750)2-10a. $40,550 ($7,850 + $41,850 – $9,150)b. $63,000 ($61,000 + $17,500 – $15,500)c. $20,800 ($40,500 – $57,700 + $38,000)2-112005Aug. 1 Rent Expense ....................................................... 1,500Cash ................................................................ 1,5002 Advertising Expense (700)Cash (700)4 Supplies ............................................................... 1,050Cash ................................................................ 1,0506 Office Equipment ................................................. 7,500Accounts Payable .......................................... 7,5008 Cash ...................................................................... 3,600Accounts Receivable ..................................... 3,60012 Accounts Payable ................................................ 1,150Cash ................................................................ 1,15020 Gayle McCall, Drawing ........................................ 1,000Cash ................................................................ 1,00025 Miscellaneous Expense (500)Cash (500)30 Utilities Expense (195)Cash (195)31 Accounts Receivable .......................................... 10,150Fees Earned .................................................... 10,15031 Utilities Expense (380)Cash (380)2-12a.JOURNAL Page 43Post.Date Description Ref. Debit Credit 2006Oct. 27 Supplies .................................................. 15 1,320Accounts Payable .............................. 21 1,320 Purchased supplies on account.b.,c.,d.Supplies 15Post.BalanceDate Item Ref. Dr. Cr. Dr. Cr. 2006Oct. 1 Balance ................................. ✓ ........... ........... 585 ...........27 ............................................... 43 1,320 ........... 1,905 ........... Accounts Payable 21 2006Oct. 1 Balance ................................. ✓ ........... ........... ........... 6,15027 ............................................... 43 ........... 1,320 ........... 7,4702-13Inequality of trial balance totals would be caused by errors described in(b) and (d).2-14ESCALADE CO.Trial BalanceDecember 31, 2006Cash ................................................................... 13,375Accounts Receivable ......................................................... 24,600Prepaid Insurance .............................................................. 8,000Equipment .......................................................................... 75,000Accounts Payable .............................................................. 11,180 Unearned Rent ................................................................... 4,250 Erin Capelli, Capital ........................................................... 82,420 Erin Capelli, Drawing ......................................................... 10,000Service Revenue ................................................................ 83,750 Wages Expense .................................................................. 42,000Advertising Expense ......................................................... 7,200 Miscellaneous Expense ..................................................... 1,425 181,600 181,6002-15a. Gerald Owen, Drawing ........................................ 15,000Wages Expense .............................................. 15,000b. Prepaid Rent ........................................................ 4,500Cash ................................................................ 4,500 2-16题目的资料不全, 答案略.2-17a. KMART CORPORATIONIncome StatementFor the Years Ending January 31, 2000 and 1999(in millions)Increase (Decrease)2000 1999 Amount Percent1. Sales .................................................. $ 37,028 $ 35,925 $ 1,103 3.1%2. Cost of sales ..................................... (29,658) (28,111) 1,547 5.5%3. Selling, general, and admin.expenses ........................................... (7,415) (6,514) 901 13.8%4. Operating income (loss)before taxes ...................................... $ (45) $ 1,300 $(1,345) (103.5%) b. The horizontal analysis of Kmart Corporation reveals deterioratingoperating results from 1999 to 2000. While sales increased by $1,103million, a 3.1% increase, cost of sales increased by $1,547 million, a5.5% increase. Selling, general, and administrative expenses alsoincreased by $901 million, a 13.8% increase. The end result was thatoperating income decreased by $1,345 million, over a 100%decrease, and created a $45 million loss in 2000. Little over a yearlater, Kmart filed for bankruptcy protection. It has now emerged frombankruptcy, hoping to return to profitability.3-11. Accrued expense (accrued liability)2. Deferred expense (prepaid expense)3. Deferred revenue (unearned revenue)4. Accrued revenue (accrued asset)5. Accrued expense (accrued liability)6. Accrued expense (accrued liability)7. Deferred expense (prepaid expense)8. Deferred revenue (unearned revenue)3-2Supplies Expense (801)Supplies (801)3-3$1,067 ($118 + $949)3-4a. Insurance expense (or expenses) will be understated. Net income willbe overstated.b. Prepaid insurance (or assets) will be overstated. Owner’s equity willbe overstated.3-5a.Insurance Expense ............................................................ 1,215Prepaid Insurance ............................................... 1,215 b.Insurance Expense ............................................................ 1,215Prepaid Insurance ............................................... 1,215 3-6Unearned Fees ...................................................................... 9,570Fees Earned ......................................................... 9,570 3-7a.Salary Expense .................................................................. 9,360Salaries Payable .................................................. 9,360 b.Salary Expense .................................................................. 12,480Salaries Payable .................................................. 12,480 3-8$59,850 ($63,000 – $3,150)3-9$195,816,000 ($128,776,000 + $67,040,000)3-10Error (a) Error (b)Over- Under- Over- Under-stated stated stated stated1. Revenue for the year would be ............... $ 0 $6,900 $ 0 $ 02. Expenses for the year would be ............. 0 0 0 3,7403. Net income for the year would be .......... 0 6,900 3,740 04. Assets at December 31 would be ........... 0 0 0 05. Liabilities at December 31 would be ...... 6,900 0 0 3,7406. Owner’s equity at December 31would be ................................................... 0 6,900 3,740 0 3-11$175,840 ($172,680 + $6,900 – $3,740)3-12a.Accounts Receivable ......................................................... 11,500Fees Earned ......................................................... 11,500 b. No. If the cash basis of accounting is used, revenues are recognizedonly when the cash is received. Therefore, earned but unbilledrevenues would not be recognized in the accounts, and no adjustingentry would be necessary.3-13a. Fees earned (or revenues) will be understated. Net income will beunderstated.b. Accounts (fees) receivable (or assets) will be understated. Owner’sequity will be understated.3-14Depreciation Expense .......................................................... 5,200Accumulated Depreciation ................................. 5,200 3-15a. $204,600 ($318,500 – $113,900)b. No. Depreciation is an allocation of the cost of the equipment to theperiods benefiting from its use. It does not necessarily relate to valueor loss of value.3-16a. $2,268,000,000 ($5,891,000,000 – $3,623,000,000)b. No. Depreciation is an allocation method, not a valuation method.That is, depreciation allocates the cost of a fixed asset over its usefullife. Depreciation does not attempt to measure market values, whichmay vary significantly from year to year.3-17a.Depreciation Expense ....................................................... 7,500Accumulated Depreciation ................................. 7,500 b. (1) Depreciation expense would be understated. Net income wouldbe overstated.(2) Accumulated depreciation would be understated, and total assetswould be overstated. Owner’s equity would be ove rstated.3-181.Accounts Receivable (4)Fees Earned (4)2.Supplies Expense (3)Supplies (3)3.Insurance Expense (8)Prepaid Insurance (8)4.Depreciation Expense (5)Accumulated Depreciation—Equipment (5)5.Wages Expense (1)Wages Payable (1)3-19a. Dell Computer CorporationAmount Percent Net sales $35,404,000 100.0Cost of goods sold (29,055,000) 82.1Operating expenses (3,505,000) 9.9Operating income (loss) $ 2,844,000 8.0b. Gateway Inc.Amount Percent Net sales $ 4,171,325 100.0Cost of goods sold (3,605,120) 86.4Operating expenses (1,077,447) 25.8Operating income (loss) $ (511,242) (12.2)c. Dell is more profitable than Gateway. Specifically, Dell’s cost ofg oods sold of 82.1% is significantly less (4.3%) than Gateway’s costof goods sold of 86.4%. In addition, Gateway’s operating expensesare over one-fourth of sales, while Dell’s operating expenses are9.9% of sales. The result is that Dell generates an operating incomeof 8.0% of sales, while Gateway generates a loss of 12.2% of sales.Obviously, Gateway must improve its operations if it is to remain inbusiness and remain competitive with Dell.4-1e, c, g, b, f, a, d4-2a. Income statement: 3, 8, 9b. Balance sheet: 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 104-3a. Asset: 1, 4, 5, 6, 10b. Liability: 9, 12c. Revenue: 2, 7d. Expense: 3, 8, 114-41. f2. c3. b4. h5. g6. j7. a8. i9. d10. e4–5ITHACA SERVICES CO.Work SheetFor the Year Ended January 31, 2006AdjustedTrial Balance Adjustments Trial Balance Account Title Dr. Cr. Dr. Cr. Dr. Cr.1Cash 8 8 1 2Accounts Receivable 50 (a) 7 57 2 3Supplies 8 (b) 5 3 3 4Prepaid Insurance 12 (c) 6 6 4 5Land 50 50 5 6Equipment 32 32 6 7Accum. Depr.—Equip. 2 (d) 5 7 7 8Accounts Payable 26 26 8 9Wages Payable 0 (e) 1 1 9 10Terry Dagley, Capital 112 112 10 11Terry Dagley, Drawing 8 8 11 12Fees Earned 60 (a) 7 67 12 13Wages Expense 16 (e) 1 17 13 14Rent Expense 8 8 1415Insurance Expense 0 (c) 6 6 15 16Utilities Expense 6 6 16 17Depreciation Expense 0 (d) 5 5 17 18Supplies Expense 0 (b) 5 5 18 19Miscellaneous Expense 2 2 19 20Totals 200 200 24 24 213 213 20 ContinueITHACA SERVICES CO.Work SheetFor the Year Ended January 31, 2006Adjusted Income BalanceTrial Balance StatementSheetAccount Title Dr. Cr. Dr. Cr. Dr. Cr.1Cash 8 8 1 2Accounts Receivable 57 57 2 3Supplies 3 3 3 4Prepaid Insurance 6 6 4 5Land 50 50 5 6Equipment 32 32 6 7Accum. Depr.—Equip. 7 7 7 8Accounts Payable 26 26 8 9Wages Payable 1 1 9 10Terry Dagley, Capital 112 112 10 11Terry Dagley, Drawing 8 8 11 12Fees Earned 67 67 12 13Wages Expense 17 17 13 14Rent Expense 8 8 14 15Insurance Expense 6 6 15 16Utilities Expense 6 6 16 17Depreciation Expense 5 5 17 18Supplies Expense 5 5 18 19Miscellaneous Expense 2 2 19 20Totals 213 213 49 67 164 146 20 21Net income (loss) 18 1821 2267 67 164 164 22 4-6ITHACA SERVICES CO.Income StatementFor the Year Ended January 31, 2006Fees earned ........................................................................ $67Expenses:Wages expense ........................................................... $17Rent expense (8)Insurance expense (6)Utilities expense (6)Depreciation expense (5)Supplies expense (5)Miscellaneous expense (2)Total expenses ........................................................49Net income ......................................................................... $18ITHACA SERVICES CO.Statemen t of Owner’s EquityFor the Year Ended January 31, 2006Terry Dagley, capital, February 1, 2005 ............................ $112Net income for the year ..................................................... $18Less withdrawals (8)Increase in owner’s equity................................................10Terry Dagley, capital, January 31, 2006 ........................... $122ITHACA SERVICES CO.Balance SheetJanuary 31, 2006Assets LiabilitiesCurrent assets: Current liabilities:Cash ............................. $ 8 Accounts payable ....... $26Accounts receivable ... 57 Wages payable (1)Supplies ....................... 3 Total liabilities ......... $ 27 Prepaid insurance . (6)Total current assets . $ 74Property, plant, and Owner’s E quity equipment: Terry Dagley, capital (122)Land ............................. $50Equipment ................... $32Less accum. depr........ 7 25Total property, plant,and equipment 75 Total liabilities andTotal assets ..................... $149 owner’s equity.......... $149 4-72006Jan. 31 Accounts Receivable (7)Fees Earned (7)31 Supplies Expense (5)Supplies (5)31 Insurance Expense (6)Prepaid Insurance (6)31 Depreciation Expense (5)Accumulated Depreciation—Equipment (5)31 Wages Expense (1)Wages Payable (1)4-82006Jan. 31 Fees Earned (67)Income Summary (67)31 Income Summary (49)Wages Expense (17)Rent Expense (8)Insurance Expense (6)Utilities Expense (6)Depreciation Expense (5)Supplies Expense (5)Miscellaneous Expense (2)31 Income Summary (18)Terry Dagley, Capital (18)31 Terry Dagley, Capital (8)Terry Dagley, Drawing (8)4-9SIROCCO SERVICES CO.Income StatementFor the Year Ended March 31, 2006Service revenue .................................................................$103,850Operating expenses:Wages expense ........................................................... $56,800Rent expense .............................................................. 21,270Utilities expense ......................................................... 11,500Depreciation expense ................................................. 8,000Insurance expense ..................................................... 4,100Supplies expense ....................................................... 3,100Miscellaneous expense .............................................. 2,250Total operating expenses ............................ 107,020Net loss .............................................................................. $ (3,170)4-10SYNTHESIS SYSTEMS CO.Statement of Owner’s EquityFor the Year Ended October 31, 2006Suzanne Jacob, capital, November 1, 2005 ..................... $173,750Net income for year ........................................................... $44,250Less withdrawals ............................................................... 12,000Increase in owner’s equity................................................32,250Suzanne Jacob, capital, October 31, 2006 ....................... $206,0004-11a. Current asset: 1, 3, 5, 6b. Property, plant, and equipment: 2, 44-12Since current liabilities are usually due within one year, $165,000 ($13,750 ×12 months) would be reported as a current liability on the balance sheet. The remainder of $335,000 ($500,000 – $165,000) would be reported as a long-term liability on the balance sheet.4-13TUDOR CO.Balance SheetApril 30, 2006Assets LiabilitiesCurrent assets Current liabilities:Cash $31,500 Accounts payable $9,500Accounts receivable ....................... 21,850 Salaries payable1,750Supplies................................................. 1,800 Unearned fees1,200Prepaid insurance ................................ 7,200 Total liabilities$12,450Prepaid rent ........................................... 4,800Total current assets $67,150 Owner’s EquityProperty, plant, and equipment: Vernon Posey, capital 114,200 Equipment ......................................... $80,600Less accumulated depreciation 21,100 59,500 Total liabilities andTotal assets $126,650 owner’s equity $126,6504-14Accounts Receivable ............................................................ 4,100Fees Earned .................................................... 4,100 Supplies Expense ................................................ 1,300Supplies .......................................................... 1,300 Insurance Expense .............................................. 2,000Prepaid Insurance .......................................... 2,000 Depreciation Expense ......................................... 2,800Accumulated Depreciation—Equipment ...... 2,800Wages Expense ................................................... 1,000Wages Payable ............................................... 1,000 Unearned Rent ..................................................... 2,500Rent Revenue ................................................. 2,500 4-15c. Depreciation Expense—Equipmentg. Fees Earnedi. Salaries Expensel. Supplies Expense4-16The income summary account is used to close the revenue and expense accounts, and it aids in detecting and correcting errors. The $450,750 represents expense account balances, and the $712,500 represents revenue account balances that have been closed.4-17a.Income Summary ............................................................... 167,550Sue Alewine, Capital ........................................... 167,550 Sue Alewine, Capital ............................................................. 25,000Sue Alewine, Drawing ......................................... 25,000 b. $284,900 ($142,350 + $167,550 – $25,000)4-18a. Accounts Receivableb. Accumulated Depreciationc. Cashe. Equipmentf. Estella Hall, Capitali. Suppliesk. Wages Payable4-19a. 2002 2001Working capital ($143,034) ($159,453)Current ratio 0.81 0.80b. 7 Eleven has negative working capital as of December 31, 2002 and2001. In addition, the current ratio is below one at the end of bothyears. While the working capital and current ratios have improvedfrom 2001 to 2002, creditors would likely be concerned about theability of 7 Eleven to meet its short-term credit obligations. Thisconcern would warrant further investigation to determine whetherthis is a temporary issue (for example, an end-of-the-periodphenomenon) and the company’s plans to address its workingcapital shortcomings.4-20a. (1) Sales Salaries Expense ............................................. 6,480Salaries Payable ................................................... 6,480(2) Accounts Receivable ................................................. 10,250Fees Earned .......................................................... 10,250 b. (1) Salaries Payable ......................................................... 6,480Sales Salaries Expense ........................................ 6,480(2) Fees Earned ................................................................ 10,250Accounts Receivable ............................................ 10,250 4-21a. (1) Payment (last payday in year)(2) Adjusting (accrual of wages at end of year)(3) Closing(4) Reversing(5) Payment (first payday in following year)b. (1) Wages Expense .......................................................... 45,000Cash ....................................................................... 45,000(2) Wages Expense .......................................................... 18,000Wages Payable ...................................................... 18,000(3) Income Summary ....................................................... 1,120,800Wages Expense .................................................... 1,120,800(4) Wages Payable ........................................................... 18,000Wages Expense .................................................... 18,000(5) Wages Expense .......................................................... 43,000Cash ....................................................................... 43,000 Chapter6（找不到答案，自己处理了哦）Ex. 8–1a. Inappropriate. Since Fridley has a large number of credit salessupported by promissory notes, a notes receivable ledger should bemaintained. Failure to maintain a subsidiary ledger when there are asignificant number of notes receivable transactions violates theinternal control procedure that mandates proofs and security.Maintaining a notes receivable ledger will allow Fridley to operatemore efficiently and will increase the chance that Fridley will detectaccounting errors related to the notes receivable. (The total of theaccounts in the notes receivable ledger must match the balance ofnotes receivable in the general ledger.)b. Inappropriate. The procedure of proper separation of duties isviolated. The accounts receivable clerk is responsible for too many。

财务管理分析必备—中英文对照

流程卓越
定义：“流程卓越”是指企业在最低成本、给客户带来最少不便的
情
况下，向客户提供标准化的、简捷的、可靠的产品和服务。 “流程卓越”需要优化企业从采购到分销整个增值链中的每
一
环节，并瞄准广阔的市场。
基本认知：
以最低成本创造最大价值的理念
“流程卓越” ．以最低的价格提供最满足需求的产品不会：
．因为价格低而提供低质量的产品
负债 Liability
贷款B Loan
负债 Liability
客户存款A Client Deposit
所有者权益 Owner’s Equity
所有者权益 Owner’s Equity
收入 Revenue
A的利息收入 Interest Income
收入 Revenue
B的利息收入 Interest Income
现金
投资
原材料
存货
人工及服务
材料
股东
应付
固定资产
供应商
企业经济本质
• 资金流转和增值过程 Capital rotation & value creation process • 资金流转典型环节及机会/陷阱 Capital rotation & management opportunities • 企业价值取向特征 Company value proposition • 资本投入及资本扩张形式 Capital injection & expansion pattern
报告需求 Reporting Requirements 呈现的内容 Detail Presented
对于产品成本\收入\利润需要更具体的数据

会计学企业决策的基础财务会计分册版章答案

Chapter 6Merchandising Activitie s Ex. 6.41PROBLEM 6.1AClaypool earned a gross profit rate of 32%, which is significantly higher than the industry average. Claypool’s sales were above the industry average, and it earned $77,968 more gross profit than the “average” store of its size. This higher gross profit was earned even though its cost of goods sold was $18,000 to $20,000 higher than the industry average because of the additional transportation charges.To have a higher-than-average cost of goods sold and still earn a much larger-than-average amount of gross profit, Claypool must be able to charge substantially higher sales prices than most hardware stores. Presumably, the company could not charge such prices in a highly competitive environment. Thus, the remote location appears to insulate it from competition and allow it to operate more profitably than hardware stores with nearby competitors.PROBLEM 6.5Ac. Yes. Sole Mates should take advantage of 1/10, n/30 purchase discounts, even if itmust borrow money for a short period of time at an annual rate of 11%. Bytaking advantage of the discount, the company saves 1% by making payment 20 days early. At an interest rate of 11% per year, the bank charges only 0.6%interest over a 20-day period (11% X 20/365 = 0.6%). Thus, the cost of passing up the discount is greater than the cost of short-term borrowing.Chapter 7 Financial assetsChapter 8 Inventories and the cost of goods soldSupplementary ProblemChapter 91617。

会计英语第四版参考答案

会计英语第四版参考答案Chapter 1: Introduction to Accounting1. What is accounting?- Accounting is the systematic recording, summarizing, and reporting of financial transactions and events of a business entity.2. What are the main functions of accounting?- The main functions of accounting are to providefinancial information for decision-making, ensure compliance with laws and regulations, and facilitate the management of a business.3. What are the two main branches of accounting?- The two main branches of accounting are financial accounting and management accounting.4. What is the purpose of financial accounting?- The purpose of financial accounting is to provide an accurate and fair representation of an entity's financial position and performance to external users.5. What is the double-entry bookkeeping system?- The double-entry bookkeeping system is a method of recording financial transactions in which every transactionis recorded twice, once as a debit and once as a credit, to maintain the equality of the accounting equation.Chapter 2: Accounting Concepts and Principles1. What are the fundamental accounting concepts?- The fundamental accounting concepts include the accrual basis of accounting, going concern, consistency, and materiality.2. What is the accrual basis of accounting?- The accrual basis of accounting records transactions when they occur, regardless of when cash is received or paid.3. What is the going concern assumption?- The going concern assumption is the premise that a business will continue to operate for the foreseeable future.4. What is the principle of consistency?- The principle of consistency requires that an entity should apply accounting policies consistently over time.5. What is the principle of materiality?- The principle of materiality states that only items that could potentially affect the decisions of users of financial statements are included in the financial statements.Chapter 3: The Accounting Equation and Financial Statements1. What is the accounting equation?- The accounting equation is Assets = Liabilities +Owner's Equity.2. What are the four main financial statements?- The four main financial statements are the balance sheet, income statement, statement of changes in equity, and cashflow statement.3. What is the purpose of the balance sheet?- The balance sheet provides a snapshot of an entity's financial position at a specific point in time.4. What is the purpose of the income statement?- The income statement reports the revenues, expenses, and net income of an entity over a period of time.5. What is the purpose of the cash flow statement?- The cash flow statement reports the cash inflows and outflows of an entity over a period of time.Chapter 4: Recording Transactions1. What is a journal entry?- A journal entry is the initial recording of atransaction in the general journal.2. What are the steps in the accounting cycle?- The steps in the accounting cycle are analyzing transactions, journalizing, posting, preparing a trial balance, adjusting entries, preparing financial statements, and closing entries.3. What is the difference between a debit and a credit?- A debit is an increase in assets or a decrease inliabilities or equity, while a credit is an increase in liabilities or equity or a decrease in assets.4. What are adjusting entries?- Adjusting entries are made at the end of an accounting period to ensure that revenues and expenses are recorded in the correct period.5. What is the purpose of closing entries?- Closing entries are made to transfer the balances of temporary accounts to the owner's equity account and to prepare the accounts for the next accounting period.Chapter 5: Accounting for Merchandising Businesses1. What is a merchandise inventory?- A merchandise inventory is the stock of goods held by a business for sale to customers.2. What is the cost of goods sold?- The cost of goods sold is the direct cost of producing the merchandise sold during an accounting period.3. What is the gross profit?- The gross profit is the difference between the sales revenue and the cost of goods sold.4. What is the difference between a perpetual and a periodic inventory system?- A perpetual inventory system updates inventory records in real-time with each sale or purchase, while a periodicinventory system updates inventory records at specific intervals, such as at the end of an accounting period.5. What is the retail method of inventory pricing?- The retail method of inventory pricing is a method of estimating the cost of ending inventory by applying a cost-to-retail ratio to the retail value of the inventory.Chapter 6: Accounting for Service Businesses1. What are the main differences in accounting for service businesses compared to merchandise businesses?- Service businesses do not have inventory and their primary expenses are typically labor and overhead costs.2. What is the main source of revenue for service businesses? - The main source of revenue for service businesses is the fees charged for the services provided.3. What are the typical expenses。

财务规划方案英文

Financial Planning StrategyIntroductionFinancial planning plays a critical role in ensuring a secure financial future for individuals and businesses. It involves evaluating the current financial status, setting financial goals, and developing strategies to achieve those goals. In this document, we will discuss a comprehensive financial planning strategy that can be implemented to achieve long-term financial success.1. Assessing Current Financial StatusThe first step in creating a financial plan is to assess the current financial status. This includes evaluating income, expenses, assets, and liabilities. By understanding these factors, individuals or businesses can gain a clear picture of their financial standing.2. Setting Financial GoalsOnce the current financial status is assessed, the next step is to set financial goals. Financial goals can vary depending on individual or business needs and aspirations. They may include short-term goals like saving for a vacation or long-term goals like retirement planning or funding a child’s education.3. Creating a BudgetCreating a budget is an essential part of any financial planning strategy. A budget helps in tracking income and expenses, and ensures financial resources are allocated efficiently. It is important to prioritize expenses based on the financial goals set earlier.4. Emergency FundBuilding an emergency fund is crucial to handle unexpected expenses or emergencies. An emergency fund typically covers 3-6 months of living expenses. This provides a safety net to individuals or businesses during challenging times and helps avoid accumulating debt.5. Debt ManagementManaging debt is an integral part of financial planning. It is essential to evaluate existing debts, such as loans or credit card debt, and develop a plan to pay them off effectively. Minimizing or eliminating high-interest debts should be a priority to improve the overall financial situation.6. Investment StrategyDeveloping an investment strategy is vital for achieving long-term financial goals. It involves determining risk tolerance, understanding investment options, and creating a diversified portfolio. Investments can include stocks, bonds, real estate, mutual funds, or other suitable investment vehicles.7. Retirement PlanningRetirement planning is crucial to ensure financial stability during retirement years. It involves estimating retirement needs, considering pension plans or retirement accounts, and determining contribution amounts. Starting early and regularly reviewing the retirement plan can help ensure a comfortable retirement.8. Insurance CoverageInsurance coverage is an important aspect of financial planning. It protects individuals or businesses from unforeseen events or emergencies. Adequate insurance coverage, such as life insurance, health insurance, property insurance, or business insurance, should be considered to mitigate risks.9. Tax PlanningEfficient tax planning can help minimize tax liabilities and maximize savings. It is essential to stay updated with tax laws, deductions, and credits applicable to individuals or businesses. Consulting with a tax professional can provide valuable guidance in optimizing tax planning strategies.10. Regular Monitoring and ReviewFinancial planning should not be a one-time activity. It is crucial to regularly monitor and review the financial plan. Life circumstances, financial goals, or market conditions may change over time, necessitating adjustments to the financial plan. Regular reviews help keep the plan on track and ensure alignment with evolving needs and objectives.ConclusionA comprehensive financial planning strategy involves assessing the current financial status, setting clear goals, creating a budget, building an emergency fund, managing debt, developing an investment strategy, planning for retirement, obtaining adequate insurance coverage, efficient tax planning, and regular monitoring and review. By following this strategy, individuals or businesses can pave the way for a secure and prosperous financial future.。

会计专业英文笔试题及答案

会计专业英文笔试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. What is the primary purpose of financial statements?A. To provide information for decision-makingB. To promote the company's imageC. To comply with tax regulationsD. To attract investors答案：A2. Which of the following is not a fundamental accounting principle?A. Going concernB. Historical costC. Accrual basis of accountingD. Cash basis of accounting答案：D3. The matching principle is used to:A. Match expenses with the revenues they generateB. Match assets with the liabilities they generateC. Match revenues with the assets they generateD. Match liabilities with the expenses they generate答案：A4. What is the formula for calculating return on investment (ROI)?A. ROI = Net Income / Total AssetsB. ROI = (Net Income / Sales) * 100C. ROI = (Return on Sales + Return on Assets) / 2D. ROI = (Net Income / Average Investment) * 100答案：D5. Which of the following is not a type of depreciation method?A. Straight-lineB. Double-declining balanceC. Units of productionD. FIFO (First-In, First-Out)答案：D二、简答题（每题5分，共30分）6. Define "Double-Entry Accounting" and explain its importance in maintaining the integrity of financial records.答案：Double-entry accounting is a system of accounting where every transaction is recorded twice, once as a debit and once as a credit. This system ensures that the accounting equation remains balanced and helps in maintaining the integrity of financial records by providing a check and balance mechanism to prevent errors and fraud.7. Explain the difference between "Liabilities" and "Equity".答案：Liabilities are obligations of a company to pay cash, provide services, or give up assets to other entities in the future. They represent the company's debts and are a source of funds that the company is obligated to repay. Equity, on the other hand, represents the ownership interest of the shareholders in the company. It is the residual interest in the assets of the company after deducting liabilities.8. What is the purpose of "Financial Statement Analysis"?答案：The purpose of financial statement analysis is to assess the financial health and performance of a company. It involves evaluating the company's liquidity, profitability, solvency, and efficiency. This analysis helps investors, creditors, and other stakeholders make informed decisions about the company.9. Describe the "Balance Sheet" and its components.答案：The balance sheet is a financial statement that presents the financial position of a company at a specific point in time. It includes assets, liabilities, and equity. Assets are what the company owns, liabilities are what the company owes, and equity is the net worth of the company, calculated as assets minus liabilities.10. What is "Cash Flow Statement" and why is it important?答案：The cash flow statement is a financial statement that provides information about the cash inflows and outflows of a company over a period of time. It is important because it shows the company's ability to generate cash and meet its financial obligations, which is crucial for the survival and growth of the business.三、案例分析题（每题25分，共50分）11. Assume you are a financial analyst for a company. The company has reported the following financial data for the current year:- Sales: $500,000- Cost of Goods Sold: $300,000- Operating Expenses: $100,000- Depreciation: $20,000- Interest Expense: $10,000- Taxes: $30,000Calculate the company's net income.答案：Net Income = Sales - Cost of Goods Sold - Operating Expenses - Depreciation - Interest Expense - TaxesNet Income = $500,000 - $300,000 - $100,000 - $20,000 - $10,000 - $30,000Net Income = $50,00012. A company is considering purchasing a new machine for $100,000. The machine is expected to generate additional annual revenue of $30,000 and will have annual operating costs of $15,000. The machine is expected to last for 5 years and will have no residual value. Calculate the payback period for the machine.答案：Payback Period = Initial Investment / Annual Cash Inflow Annual Cash Inflow = Additional Revenue。

会计学企业决策的基础财务会计分册英文版第十七版教学设计 (3)

Accounting: The Basis for Business Decision Making, Financial Accounting, 17th Edition - Teaching Design IntroductionFinancial accounting is the process of recording, classifying, and summarizing financial transactions to provide information that is useful in making economic decisions. Financial statements are the primary output of financial accounting and are used by various stakeholders to make decisions. Accounting: The Basis for Business Decision Making, Financial Accounting, 17th Edition, is a textbook designed to help students understand the principles of financial accounting.This teaching design will focus on the key themes of the textbook and provide guidance on how to teach the material effectively. The design is suitable for instructors who teach financial accounting as a course at the undergraduate or graduate level.Key ThemesThe textbook covers a broad range of topics related to financial accounting. Some of the key themes that run through the book include: Financial StatementsThe primary objective of financial accounting is to provide information that is useful in making economic decisions. The financial statements are the primary output of financial accounting. They include the income statement, balance sheet, and cash flow statement. The income statement shows the amount of revenue, expenses, and net income or lossfor a specified period. The balance sheet shows the assets, liabilities, and equity at a particular point in time. The cash flow statement shows the inflow and outflow of cash for a specified period.Accounting CycleThe accounting cycle is the process of recording, classifying, and summarizing financial transactions to produce financial statements. The steps in the accounting cycle include analyzing transactions, recording journal entries, posting to the ledger, preparing a trial balance, adjusting entries, preparing an adjusted trial balance, preparing financial statements, and closing the books.Financial AnalysisFinancial analysis is the process of using financial information to make economic decisions. Techniques used in financial analysis include ratio analysis, trend analysis, and vertical and horizontal analysis. Financial analysis is used by various stakeholders, including investors, creditors, and management, to make decisions.Teaching DesignThe following section provides guidance on how to teach the material in Accounting: The Basis for Business Decision Making, Financial Accounting, 17th Edition.Learning ObjectivesBefore teaching each chapter, instructors should set clear learning objectives for their students. The learning objectives should be specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound. By settingclear learning objectives, instructors can ensure that students understand what they need to accompli sh and track students’ progress effectively.Active LearningActive learning strategies such as group discussion, case studies, and problem-solving exercises should be incorporated into the teaching approach. Active learning helps students understand the material and apply the concepts they have learned.Real-World ExamplesInstructors should use real-world examples to help students understand how financial accounting is used in practice. Real-world examples can be drawn from various industries and sectors.TechnologyTechnology should be incorporated into the teaching approach. For instance, instructors can use online tools to reinforce the material covered in lectures. Technology can also be used to track students’ progress and provide instant feedback.AssessmentInstructors should use multiple assessment techniques to evaluate students’ understanding of the material. These can include quizzes, exams, assignments, and case studies. By using multiple assessment techniques, instructors can determine whether students have understood the material and identify areas where further instruction is required.ConclusionAccounting: The Basis for Business Decision Making, Financial Accounting, 17th Edition, is an essential textbook for students who wish to understand the principles of financial accounting. The teaching design outlined in this document provides guidance on how to teach the material effectively. By setting clear learning objectives, using active learning strategies, incorporating real-world examples, leveraging technology, and employing multiple assessment techniques, instructors can ensure that their students have a solid understanding of financial accounting.。

网中网财务决策（Netfinancialdecision）

网中网财务决策（Net financial decision）Notebook computer, printer and copier need to buy in the initial month within 10 days.The production line to buy or lease second days after delivery, the installation time of the production line is 10 days. The purchase or lease of real estate can be immediately put into use without installation. The arrival of other assets within 5 days after the purchase, no need to install.The inventory of raw materials for the lower limit of 10 sets, the production and development of the material can not make inventory stock is less than the lower limit. the excess raw materials can be sold in accordance with the prevailing market price.Three, the cost of the product?(1) the cost of the product by direct materials, direct labor and manufacturing cost. ?(2) the product cost calculation and transfer at the end of the month. The finished product storehouse cost. The monthly weighted average method. The finished products and methods in product cost allocation method for equivalent production. Equivalent units according to the platform interface on the upper right corner of the "business information" - "production information" in the finished product ratio calculationStorage of raw materials costs by the actual cost calculation method. Raw materials, using the weighted moving average methodwith the cost of raw materials in the production at the beginning of one-time investment, the consumption of raw materials and finished products in the product cost is equal to the cost of raw materials and finished products according to the number of products in the distribution.(4) direct labor by salary structure. Salary imputation to all kinds of products, and finished products and10??In the distribution of products. According to the end of the month to get the work summary table, wage summary and salary cost calculation and fill in the salary costs allocation table.1) operation: responsible for procurement, production, orders, staff recruitment, R & D investment, advertising investment and daily production operation. Each operation action execution when the financial controller for approval decision. ?(2): responsible for accounting enterprises obtain invoices, invoices, cost calculation sheet for the filling, salary confirmation, electronic filing, accounting and other financial matters handled. ?(3): responsible for cashier cash and bank deposit receipts, bank transfers and other internal cash flow management. ?(4) Financial Manager: responsible for the daily businessenterprise payment approval; stocks, bonds, entrusted loans, short-term loans and other investment financing business; accounting voucher, posting, node processing gains and losses, the financial statements issued such as computerized business. ?(5) financial director: responsible for the overall financial management, enterprise operation and planning, operation month action decision approval, the approval of the electronic filing enterprise comprehensive financial operation plan.Click on "market" - "product information" into the information query interface, listed enterprises can produce products information, and can view a variety of product price chart."Advertising": whether the enterprise to advertising, how much, what products put on the market, required by the chief financial officer in 5 per month (with [] R & D expenses) before planning decision making plans and operations. This interface director can see corporate advertising fee history. 15 days before the month to invest in R & D, after 20 days per month to terminate development.Always pay attention to changes in the market, including macroeconomic policy, experts predict, the securities market price etc.,1.2.12 rules?(1) the decision-making process: operations or financial manager, chief financial officer for approval to operate orfinancial manager. ? (2): the payment process operation, financial manager for approval to cashier for payment, such as the amount of more than 1 million pending approval is subject to approval of the financial controller. ?(3) chief financial officer needs to pay attention to "my approval matters"? Bar displays, "I need to pay attention to the operation of matters of approval" and "today matters" column shows, accountant and cashier should pay attention to "to-do" and "today matters" column shows the items "to-do" column mainly involves is the payment business, today is related to other matters "column payment business in addition to outside. ?(4) "my approval form" in the decision to be the day for approval. The "to-do" column does not need to finish that day,But the letter marked matters must be completed on the same day. ?(5) operations, financial manager, accounting and cashier click "off" after the financial director can click on the "next day" to complete the work task, enter the next day's operation. Director of finance at the end of the day according to the work need to click the "overtime" for other roles that day to return to work. Other roles after work can click the "overtime" to work overtime. The finance director can work for several days.Grading system?(1) sales net interest rate?? (2) flow ratio (3) Net cashflow?(4)? With bank deposits and cash and system? (5). The amount of raw materials and systems?? (6) the number of finished products and consistent? System? (7)? Business decisions? (8) payment decisions?? (9)? Check adjusting entries number (10)? Check back taxes, fines, finesThe contract system according to the selected customer reputation value payment, customer credit value is lower than 50, the system can be random (probability of non payment, non payment for? 5?%) enterprise bad debts.(2) when the total investment in R & D expenses reached a certain level of R & D, can increase technology content of products, the main business of the products in the order price will rise accordingly.(8) R & D projects total investment cost to achieve the annual sales income of more than 6% (less than the annual income of 50 million), R & D personnel reached 10% of the total number of employees, may apply for the qualification of high tech Enterprises15?1.2.8 or a matter of rules?A product quality margin?The quality of products enterprises in the platform margin of3.5% withholding in monthly income, included in the estimated liabilities. The quality of the products need to pay the deposit at the end of the quarter, calculated according to the quarterly revenue amount x 3%. ?(2) pending litigation?The platform in the course of business enterprises may encounter pending litigation, on the balance sheet date, according to the advice of counsel to determine whether included in the expected liabilities, according to the court verdict, do the relevant accounting treatment. In the process of litigation will produce the processing fee for each 500 yuan, calculated according to the amount of litigation costs 1%. ?1.2.9 exchange of non monetary assets?(1) the enterprise platform can barter trade, production of finished goods in exchange for the raw materials needed in the market, but not available raw materials and finished product exchange. ?(2) do not allow the use of raw materials and finished product production of the product exchange. For example, air conditioning air conditioning compressor is not available to the exchange. ? (3) the payment of the premium can not exceed the total amount of exchange (including tax) 5% (the ratio of system settings). ? (4) the two sides clearing the way for the exchange of non monetary assets, each invoice, one party pays the premium.Production personnel, R & D personnel, cooks, drivers can be fired under certain conditions. Production personnel in the production process is completed, the developers in the development level and leap in the "idle" state can be dismissed. The cook and the driver in the "idle" state can be dismissed. Fire need to pay one month salary as compensation.Tax declaration?Provide business tax declaration approval function. At the beginning of next month (115 day) by the accounting tax returns (state and local), submitted to the approval of the financial controller to declare. Click on the "online reporting tax" into the reporting interface, select the reporting time, enter the approval interface. Here you can also view the historical record tax declaration.[15]Travel expenses:Reimbursement before entryBorrow: other receivables 300Credit: cash 300200 yuan travel is included in the management fee to 100 yuan (increase) also increased in the course included in cash, the reimbursement of the other receivables is reducedBorrow: management fees 200Cash 100Credit: other receivables 300[] consider another choice of R & D investment can improve the product price; choose stocks and bonds, loans and other investment activities, can improve the efficiency in the use of funds.Director of finance []The choice of the production line according to the production standard and the rejection rate is considered,Property to select the combination of the production line occupied area size and number of employees hired for considerationIn the development of production and operation planning, the first choice to produce products, according to the principle of decision to order acceptance plan, and then determine the production quantity. According to the procurement of raw materials and feed production plan and material stock quantity, attention. If you want to pick up more bigger orders can be considered into advertising. If you want to improve the quality of the products, thereby winning more market advantage and sales, R & D investment can. If you want to expand the scope of business, do other business, can plan in this respect.Finance Manager []Financial department: finance investmentStock investment?Stock investment limit of 100 thousand hands, each hand 100. The stock can only be sold in the first month and at the end of the month, the purchase information in the financial manager interface will prompt. The date of the balance sheet to adjust changes in fair value.Bond investment?(1) three - year treasury bonds and five year bonds two, were purchased in two markets, does not hold to hold to maturity for the purpose. The bonds can be purchased at any time. ?(2) the amount of debt purchase price x = current purchase quantity, purchase no related expenses. ?(3) outstanding bonds can be sold, the sale of treasury bonds amount = price * * current sold amount (1- cost rate), the current price on a monthly basis. ?(4) the Treasury bonds bond price = value (1+ * * interest rate maturity), treasury bonds sold no related expenses.[operation]For high tech enterprises"The Department of materials, the physical inventory query: accounts?System events, task list[accounting]Outside body, bank statement"Business administration" is used to handle the change of business scope registration. Enterprises to expand production, development of catering, transportation, required by management certification, followed by accounting for business scope registration. Accounting to the tax bureau for tax registration. Both of the two approved can be used only for the catering and transport services.The Department of materials -- the management of fixed assets: surrender?Financial department - see operation planning, obtain invoices, sales invoices issued, the original document query and other business operations. If the invoice is issued or request, click on the corresponding menu to view. In business accounting should be done promptly after the claim and invoice, otherwise will not be able to carry out subsequent accounting.At the end of the month [fill cost table]Tax declaration![case 1]?The growth of China limited selection of main production of air conditioning, the first production planning 1? 000 units, 000 units, 1 orders? The procurement of raw materials - the air conditioning compressor and 1 auxiliary materials? 300 sets, 1010 sets of feed production; recruitment staff of 200 people, 10 R & D personnel;Advertising costs 1 million yuan into the "a class of senior market",In order to improve the technological content of products, increase product sales price, intends to invest 500 thousand yuan for product development. ?Considering the financial situation, the number of employees, business area and other factors to lease 1 production lines, plant A1, mortgage purchase office buildings B1.In order to maintain normal production and operation, combined with the company's reputation, intends to apply for short-term bank loans 5 million yuan, to improve capital efficiency, the use of surplus funds to buy bonds of 500 thousand yuan, 1 million yuan loan principal.。

会计英语词汇

会计英语词汇 Prepared on 22 November 2020C h a p t e r 1 Accounting 会计，会计学Accountant 会计师，会计人员Accounting information 会计信息Financial data 财务数据Business 企业，经营，商业，业务Business transaction 经济业务，经济交易Enterprise 企业Economic information 经济信息Business organization 经济组织Financial activity 财务活动，筹资活动Profitability 获利能力，盈利能力End product 最终产品Creditor 债权人Performance 业绩Favorable 有利的Unfavorable 不利的Accounting system 会计系统，会计制度Financial condition 财务状况Investor 投资人Result of operations 经营成果Financial report 财务报告To make decision 制定决策Accounting principles 会计原则Business activity 经济活动Accounting concepts 会计概念Financial accounting 财务会计Economic unit 经济单位Owner 业主，拥有者Governmental agency 政府机构Generally accepted accounting principles 公认会计原则Employ 采用Prepare 准备，编制Annual report 年度报告Stockholder 股东Audit 审计，审查，查帐Auditing 审计，审计学Accounting records 会计记录Public accountant 公共会计师Fairness 公正性，公允性Reliability 可靠性Periodic audit 定期审计Corporation 股份有限公司Internal auditor 内部审计人员Cost accounting 成本会计Cost data 成本数据Management accounting 管理会计Selling price 销售价格Management advisory service 管理咨询服务Management service 管理服务Tax accounting 税务会计Tax returns 纳税申报单，税单Budgetary accounting 预算会计International accounting 国际会计International trade 国际贸易Not-for-profit accounting 非盈利组织会计Not-for-profit organization 非盈利组织Social accounting 社会会计Measurement 计量Chapter2Accounting practice 会计实务Accounting theory 会计理论Decline 方针，指南Assumption 假设Business entity 经济主体Accounting entity 会计主体Economic activity 经济活动Bookkeeping 簿记Double-entry bookkeeping system 复试记账系统Entry分录，记录Single proprietorship独资Partnership合伙Accounting purpose会计目的Separate entity独立主体Asset资产Going-concern持续经营Historical cost历史成本Current market value 当前市场价值Accounting period会计期间Stable-monetary-unit货币计量单位Objective principle客观性原则Operating result经营成果Cost principle成本原则Actual cost实际成本Book value账面价值Equivalent当量，约当量Depreciation折旧Consistency principle一贯性原则Accounting method会计方法Financial statement 财务报告Comparability可比性Materiality principle重要性原则Conservatism principle谨慎性原则Revenue收入Expense费用Cost of goods商品成本Net income净收入Net loss净损失Accrual-basis 权责发生制Cash-basis 现金收付制Journal 日记账Realization principle 实现原则Matching principle 配比原则Recognize 确认Transfer转让，转帐，过户Income statement收益表，损益表Full-disclosure principle充分揭示原则Chapter3Accounting element会计要素Accounting equation会计等式Liability负债Owner s’ equity业主权益，所有者权益Current asset长期资产Long-term asset长期资产Operating cycle 经营周期Bank deposit 银行存款Short-term investment短期投资Long-term investment长期投资Accounts receivable应收账款Note receivable应收票据Prepayment 预付款项Inventory 存货Fixed asset 固定资产Plant and equipment 厂房和设备Intangible asset 无形资产Store fixtures店面装置Office equipment办公设备Delivery equipment运输设备Creditors’ equity债权人权益Obligation责任，义务Debt债务Current liability流动负债Long-term liability长期负债Short-time loans payable应付短期贷款Long-term loans payable长期应付贷款Notes payable应付票据Accounts payable应付账款Accrued expense应计费用Bonds payable应付债券Long-term accounting payable长期应付账款Interest 股份，利息Claim 要求权Net assets 净资产Capital资本Stockholder’s equity 股东权益Cost of goods sold 商品销售成本Administrative expenses 管理费用Selling expenses销售费用Financial expense 财务费用Occur 发生Dividend payable 应付股利Retained earnings留存收益Chapter4Classification分类，分级Day-to-day 随时Account title 账户名称Ledger 分类帐Debit side 借方Credit side 贷方Charge借记，收取费用Memorandum 摘要，备忘录Insert 插入，嵌入，写入Cash on hand 库存现金subgrouping子目，细目supplies 物料用品prepaid expenses 预付费用face value 面值check 支票bank draft 银行汇票money order 汇款单debtor 债务人bearer 持票人salaries payable 应付工资taxes payable 应付税费interest payable 应付利息long-term notes payable 长期应付票据mortgage payable 应付抵押借款bonds payable 应付公司债券drawing提款income summary收益汇总professions fees职业服务费commissions revenues 佣金收入interest income利息收入chart of accounts账户一览表executive salaries主管人员薪金office salaries办公人员薪金sales salaries销售人员薪金prepaid rent预付租金accumulated depreciation累计折旧depreciation expense折旧费用sales销售收入sales returns and allowance销售退回与折让purchases returns and allowance购买退回与折让Chapter5Accounting cycle会计循环Accounting procedures会计程序，会计方法Trial balance试算平衡表Post-closing trial balance结算后试算平衡表Journalize 做分录，记账Post to the ledger过入分类帐Assemble汇集Work sheet工作底表Adjusting entry调整分录close结账，结清，关闭ledger accounts分类账户general ledger总分类帐two-column account两栏式账户source document原始凭证check stub支票存根journal日记帐journal entry日记帐分录records(book) of original entry原始记录簿transcribe抄录post过账，誊帐manually手工的chronological按时间顺序的enter登记，计入general journal普通日记账special journal特殊日记帐sales journal销售日记帐purchases journal购买日记帐cash receipts journal现金收入日记帐cash disbursements journal现金支出日记帐division of labor分工Chapter6Adjusting procedures调整程序Accrual(basis) accounting权责发生制Align调整，使成一线，（转做）使一致Apportion（按比例）分配，摊配Accrue自然积累（如利息等），计提Outlay支出Expire期满，耗尽，失效Insurance expense保险费用Prepaid insurance 预付保险费Supplies expense物料用品费Supplies on hand在用物料Subscription预订Deferred credit递延贷项Accrued salaries payable应计应付工薪Accrued revenue应计收入Closing entry结账分录Closing procedure结账程序Temporary account临时性账户，名义账户，虚账户Permanent account 永久性账户，实账户Withdrawals提款Statement of cash flow现金流量表Financial position财务状况Portray描绘Dispose处理Inflows流入Outflows流出Chapter7Working paper工作底稿Adjusted trial balance调整后试算平衡表Cross-reference交叉参考Occasion需要，机会，工作场合Salaries accrued应计薪金Combine结合，联合Extend（会计）将数字转入。

Finance（国际金融）关键术语名词解释

Finance（国际金融）关键术语名词解释Chapter 1《American EconomicReview》《美国经济评论》《Journal of Finance》《金融学报》《The Wealth of Nations》《国富论》acquisition 收购adjust risk 调整风险aggressive target 激进（性）的目标asset 资产asset allocation 资产配置bidder 出价者，竞标者Black-Scholes optionspricing formulaB-S期权定价公式business finance 企业财务（金融）capital budgeting 资本预算capital expenditure 资本支出capital structure 资本结构cash flow 现金流chief executive officer（CEO）首席执行官chief financial officer（CFO）首席财务官（财务总监）claims 权益（证）、索取权利classical economics 古典经济学common stock 普通股competitive stock market 竞争性的股票市场conflict of interest 利益冲突consumption and savingdecisions消费和储蓄决策consumption preference 消费偏好controller 审计员convertible securities 可转换证券corporation （有限责任）公司corporation finance 公司财务（金融）debt outstanding 未清偿贷款（债务）derivative securities 衍生证券diversify risk 分散风险dividend and financialpolicies红利（股利）和财务政策economic value 经济价值entertainment industry 娱乐行业（产业）entity 实体equity权益（与Liability（负债对应）evaluation of cost 成本估算（评价）exclusive goal 唯一目标executive compensationprogram管理者补偿（薪酬）计划extended family 大家庭finance 金融, 财政, 金融学finance system 金融系统financial advisory firm 金融咨询公司financial capital 金融资本financial contracting 订立金融合约（合同）Financial Executive Institute 财务执行官组织financing 筹措资金（融资）financing decision 融资决策general partner 一般合伙人going concern 关注效应infrastructure 基础设施、架构initial outlay 初始投入integrated financial program 完整的财务计划investment decision 投资决策ITT corporation 国际电报电话公司learning curve 学习曲线liability 负债、债务、责任limited liability 有限责任limited partner 有限责任合伙人long-lived asset 长期资产long-range incentivesystem长期激励系统market discipline 市场规则market interest rate 市场利率market risk premium 市场风险价格market value of shares 股票市场价值（简称市值）marketing 营销maximize the wealth （使）财富最大化merger 兼并，合并mortgage loan 抵押贷款multinational conglomerate 跨国企业集团mutual fund 共同基金net worth 净资产operating margin 营业利润option 期权original core business 原始的核心业务partnership 合伙企业pension liabilities 养老金负债personal investing 个人投资physical capital 实物资本pool联营；集中使用的（资金，物）portfolio 投资组合portfolio of asset 资产组合preferred stock 优先股president 总裁primary commitment 首要（基本）任务private corporation 私人（非公众）公司professional managers 职业经理人profit 利润profit-maximizationcriterion利润最大化标准proposition 命题public corporation 公众公司quantitative model 定量模型regulatory body 监管机构resource allocationdecision资源配置决策retail outlet 零售摊点return 回报，收益risk-averse 风险厌恶（规避）security price 证券价格share price appreciation 股价上涨（增值）shareholder-wealth-maximization股东财富最大化sole proprietorship 个体（业主制）企业spin-off 配股spread out over time 跨时间分布stake 资助，资金stock option 股票期权strategic planning 战略规划supplier 供货商takeover 接管the exchange of assetsand risks资产和风险的交换the set of markets andother institutions市场及其它机构的集合trade off 权衡uncertain benefit 不确定性收益unlimited （limited）liability无（有）限责任vice-president forfinancial财务副总裁voting right （股东）投票权welfare 福利well-functioning capitalmarket高效的资本市场working capitalmanagement营运资本管理Chapter 2accounting procedure 会计程序adverse selection 逆向选择American Express 美国运通信用卡arithmetic mean 算术平均数asymmetry 不对称average risk premium 平均风险升水（溢价）Bank for InternationalSettlement（BIS）国际清算银行banking panic 银行危机bartern. 易货贸易；v. 讨价还价board of directors 董事会by-product 副产品call option 买入期权（看涨期权）capital gain（loss）资本收益（损失）Capital market资本市场（即长期资金市场）cash dividend 现金股利（红利）central bank 中央银行charge price 要价clearing and settlingpayment清算和结算支付closed-end 封闭式的collateral 担保品collateralization 以…担保commercial loan 商业贷款commercial loan rate 商业贷款利率credit card 信用卡default 违约、托债、弃权default risk 违约风险deficit unit 赤字部门defined-benefit pensionplan规定收益型养恤金制defined-contributionpension plan规定缴费型养恤金制depository savingsinstitution存款储蓄机构（系统）derivative 衍生（证券）Deutsche Bank 德意志银行dissemination 推广、传播dividend reinvestment 红利（股利）再投资dollar-denominated asset 以美元计价的资产double-entry-bookkeeping 复式记账法equity 权益equity-kickers 权益条件expected rates of return 期望（预期）收益率Federal Reserve System 联邦储备系统Finance AccountingStandardsBoard财务会计标准委员会financial instrument 金融工具financial intermediary 金融中介financial market parameters 金融市场参数financial variable 金融（财务）变量fixed-income-instruments 固定收益证券flow of fund 资金流flow of fund 资金流foreign exchange 外汇formation extraction 信息提取forward contract 远期合约functional perspective （从）功能（的角度或观点）future 期货German marks 德国马克go public 上市incentive problem 激励问题index fund 指数（化）基金index-linked bonds（与物价）指数联系的债券information service 信息咨讯（服务）insurance company 保险公司interest rate 利息率（简称利率）interest rate arbitrage 利率套利interest rate equalization 利率平价intermediary 中介International BankforReconstruction andDevelopment国际复兴开发银行International Monetary Fund（IMF）国际货币基金组织International Swap DealersAssociation国际掉期交易商协会intertemporal 跨期的（多阶段的）IOUI owe you的简称，喻指“借条”issuing stock 发行股票Japanese yen 日元life annuity 人寿年金limited liability 有限责任liquidity 流动性maturity （票据）到期日；期限money market货币市场（即短期资金市场）moral-hazard 道德风险mortgage 抵押mortgage rate 抵押利率mutual fund 共同基金New York Stock Exchange 纽约股票交易所nominal interest rate 名义利率offset 弥补、抵消open-end 开放式的option 期权Osaka Options and FuturesExchange大阪期货期权交易所over-the-counter-market（OTC）场外（交易）市场parties to contract 合约的参与者pool or aggregate 联营；集中使用的（资金或物品）；premium 升水、溢价price appreciation 增值principal-agent problem 委托－代理问题pro rata 按比例的put option 卖出期权（看跌期权）qusai- 准、半rate of exchange 汇率rates of return 收益（回报）率rating agency 评级机构real interest rate 实际利率real rate of return 实际收益率redeem 赎回、偿还residual claim 剩余索取（求偿）权risk aversion 风险厌恶（规避）risk premium 风险升水（溢价）security dealer 证券交易商shed specific risk 规避（分散）特定（或私有）风险standard deviation 标准差standardized option contract （经）标准化的期权合约surplus unit 盈余部门trade-off 权衡trust company 信托公司U.S Treasury Bills 美国国库券underwrite 认购、包销unit of account 计值单位universal bank全能银行（指兼做中央银行和商业银行业务的银行）volatility 波动性well-information 信息充分的yen rate of return（以）日元（记值）的收益率yield curve 收益（率）曲线yield spread 收益价差Chapter 3accounting earnings 会计收入accounting rule 会计规则accrual 应计的accrual accounting 应计制（权责发生制）accumulated depreciation 累计折旧amortize 摊销、分期偿还apocryphal 伪经的、假冒的asset turnover（ATO）资产周转率（销售收入/总资产）audit 查账、审计balance sheet 资产负债表benchmark （比较）基准bond-rating 债券评级book value 账面价值capital structure 资本结构capital-incentive utility 资本密集型的公用事业（公司）cash and equivalents 现金及其等价物cash budget 现金预算cash cycle time 现金循环周期cash inflow 现金流入cash outflow 现金流出common stock outstanding 流通在外的普通股contingent liability 或有负债（如：可能发生的诉讼赔偿等）current asset 流动资产current liability 流动负债current ratio 流动比率depreciation 折旧、贬值disclose 披露dividend payout rate 股利支付率earnings before interest and tax （EBIT）息税前利润（=毛利- GS&A）earnings per share 每股盈余（收益）earnings retention rate （收益）留存比率expiration date 到期日external financing 外部融资（比如，发行股票和债券）financial distress 财务危机（困境）financial leverage 财务杠杆（率）financial ratio 财务比率financial statement 财务报表general, selling, andadministrative expenses（GS&A）管理及销售费用goodwill 商誉gross margin 毛利（润）（=销售收入-产品销售成本）income statement 损益表income tax 所得税intangible asset 无形资产inventory 库存、存货inventory turnover 存货周转率liquidity 流动性long-term debt 长期负债market to book 市值价值/账面价值marking to market 盯住市场net income（or net profit）净利润（即税后利润=EBIT-利息-所得税）net working capital 净营运资本（=流动资产-流动负债）net worth 净资产（即权益，=资产-负债）off-balance-sheet 表外项目operation income 营运收益（营业利润）opportunity cost 机会成本owner’s equity所有者权益paid-in capital 实收资本payable 应付账款percent-of-sales method 销售（收入）百分比法planning horizon 计划（时间）跨度price to earnings 市盈率（价格/盈余）profitability 盈利能力、盈利性property 土地、地产、所有权quick ratio 速动比率receivable 应收账款receivables turnover 应收账款周转率retained earnings 留存收益ROA（return on asset）资产收益率（EBIT/资产）ROE（return on equity）净资产收益率（即权益报酬率，=税后利润/净资产）ROS（return on sales）销售利润率（EBIT/销售收入）short-term debt 短期负债specify performance target 设定业绩目标statements of cash flow 现金流量表sustainable growth rate 持续增长率taxable income 应税收益（即税前利润=EBIT-利息）times interest earned 利息保障倍数Tobin’s Q托宾Q值（=资产市值/重置成本）total shareholder returns 总的股东收益（率）Chapter 4after-tax interest rate 税后利率amortization 分期偿还、摊销annual percentage rate（APR）年度百分比（利率）annuity 年金before-tax interest rate 税前利率compound interest 复利compounding 复和（与discounting 相反的概念）discount rate 折现率、贴现率discounted cash flow（DCF）折现现金流discounting 折现、折扣effective annual rate（EFF）有效年利率exchange rate 汇率future value 终值future value factor 终值系数（即由现值计算终值的换算因子）growth annuity 增长年金immediate annuity 即付年金implied interest rate 隐含利率installment 分期付款internal rate of return（IRR）内部报酬率market capitalizationrate市场资本化利率（简称市场利率）net present value净现值opportunity cost ofcapital资本的机会成本ordinary annuity 普通年金（即后付年金）original principal （初始）本金outstanding balance 未平头寸payback period 回收期perpetual annuity（orperpetuity）永续年金present value 现值present value factor （终值）现值系数（终值系数的倒数）reinvest 再投资simple interest 单利tax-exempt 免税的time value of money （TVM）货币（或资金）的时间价值yield to maturity 到期收益率Chapter 5bequest 遗赠、遗赠物break-even 得失相当的，盈亏平衡的deductible 可扣除（或抵扣）的explicit cost 显性成本feasible plan 可行（的）计划human capital 人力资本implicit cost 隐性成本incremental 增量的、增值的intertemporal budget跨期预算约束optimization model 优化模型permanent income 永久性收入provision 条文、条款tax deferred 税收（可）延缓的tax exempt 免税的trial-and-error 试错Chapter 6after-tax cash flow 税后现金流all-equity-financed firm 全权益融资公司annualized capital cost 年金化资本成本appropriation 拨款、占用break-even point 盈亏平衡点capital budgeting 资本预算cost of capital 资本成本coupon bond 息票债券cumulative present value 累计现值full-fledged 完备的、正式的horizontal axis 横轴（或横坐标）labor-intensive 劳动密集型的liquidate 清算、清偿market-related risk 市场相关（或者承认予以补偿）的风险，即系统风险（systematic risk）prototype 模型、原型residual value 残值risk premium 风险溢价risk-adjusted discountrate（经）风险调整的折现率sensitivity analysis 敏感性分析vertical axis 纵轴（或纵坐标）zero-inflation 零通涨（率）Chapter 7Arbitrage 套利arbitrageurs 套利（交易）者beverage 饮料bona fide 真正的bond 债券default risk 违约风险default-free 无违约（风险）的earnings per share 每股盈余efficient marketshypothesis（EMH）有效市场假说fetch 售得…fixed-income securities 固定收益证券foreign exchangemarket外汇市场fundamental value 基础价值information set 信息集interest-rate arbitrage 利率套利intrinsic value 内在价值laundry 洗衣店Law of One Price 一价定律price/earnings multiple 市盈率（倍数）real estate 房地产、不动产sibling 兄弟、同胞、氏族成员tautologically 同意反复地transaction costs 交易成本triangular arbitrage 三角套利vending 售货well-informed 信息充分的Chapter 8abscissa 横坐标ask price 卖价、要价（报价）bid price 买价、出价（询价）callable bond 可赎回债券convertible bond 可转换债券coupon bond 带息债券、息票债券current yield 即期收益（率）discount bond 折价债券face value/ par value 面值maturity 到期日ordinate 纵坐标par bond 平价债券premium bond 溢价债券pure discount bond 纯折现债券quote 牌价redeem 赎回、偿还risk-free interest rate 无风险利率yield curve 收益（率）曲线yield to maturity 到期收益（率）zero-coupon bond 零息（票）债券Chapter 9New York StockExchange纽约股票交易所cash dividend 现金股利（或红利、分红）closing price 收盘价Constant-Growth-RateDDM不变增长率股利折现模型current/existingstockholders现有股东、老股东discounted-dividendmodel（DDM）股利折现模型dividend policy 股利政策dividend yield 分利收益率ex-dividend price 除息（即股息）价格expected rate of return 期望收益率（或报酬率）infinite 无穷（或无限）的internal equity financing 内部权益融资Investment opportunity 投资机会market capitalization rate 市场资本化利率odd lots 零星（交易量）per se 亲自、亲身perpetual 永久的price/earnings ratio 市盈率Reinvested earnings 再投资收益required rate of return 必要报酬率（或收益率）risk-adjusted discountrate（经）风险调整折现率round lots 整批（交易量）share repurchase 股票回购skeptical 怀疑的stock dividend 股票股利stock splits 股票分割Chapter 10actuary 精算师caterer 酒席承办人colossal 巨大的、异常的confidence intervals 置信区间consortium 社团、合伙continuous probability distribution 连续概率分布diversification 分散化（投资）diversifying 分散化、多样化dunce 笨蛋、书呆子ex ante 事先的ex post 事后的expected rate of return 期望收益率（报酬率）flexibility 灵活性、柔性forward contract 远期合约hedger （套期）保值者、对冲者hedging 保值、对冲、对两方下注以防止（赌博、冒险等）的损失insuring 投保、给…保险jurisdiction 司法、权力、权限layoff 解雇、失业materialize 实现mean 均值normal distribution 正态分布overview 概述perverse 故意作对的、任性的portfolio 投资组合precautionary saving 预防性储蓄probability distribution 概率分布quadruple adj. 四倍的；v. 使…（增加）四倍recrimination 反责refund 退还risk assessment 风险评估risk aversion 风险规避risk avoidance 风险避免risk exposure 风险暴露risk identification 风险识别risk management 风险管理risk retention 风险保留risk transfer 风险转移sinful 有罪的、过错的、不道德的speculator 投机者square root 平方根stakeholder 利益相关者standard deviation 标准差swap 互换volatility 波动率Chapter 11American-type option 美式期权call option 买入期权（简称“买权”）cap （利率）上限condominium 公寓私有的共有方式co-payment 共同支付counterparty 交易对手credit guarantee 信用担保credit risk 信用风险deductible/deduction 免赔额delivery 交割delivery date 交割日derivative 衍生工具diversifiable risk 可分散的风险diversification principle 分散化（或多元化）原则European-type option 欧式期权exclusion 除外责任expiration date 到期日expire 到期face value 面值fictitious 虚构的firm-specific risk （公司）私有（或特有）风险forward contract 远期合约forward price 远期价格future contract 期货合约guarantee 保证、保证人、担保、担保品loan guarantee 债务保单long position 多头market risk 市场风险non-diversifiable risk 不可分散的风险premium 保险费、附加费、溢价proceed n. 盈利put option 卖出期权（简称“卖权”）rolling over 滚动（式）的short position 空头shortfall 不足之数、赤字spot price 即期价格standardized （经）标准化的strike price/ exerciseprice执行价格、行权价swap contract 互换合约、调期合约Chapter 12decision horizon 决策（修正）期限efficient portfolio 有效组合efficient portfolio frontier 有效组合前沿expected return 期望收益率mean-variance model 均值－方差模型minimum-varianceportfolio最小方差组合mutual fund 共同基金optimal combination ofrisky assets风险资产最优组合planning horizon 计划期、规划期point of tangency 切点portfolio selection （投资）组合选择risk premium 风险溢价risk tolerance 风险容忍（度）riskless asset 无风险资产risky-asset portfolio 风险资产组合set of……的集合tangency portfolio 切线组合target expected return 目标期望收益率trade-off 权衡、平衡trading horizon 交易（间隔）期限Chapter 13active investmentstrategies积极投资策略active portfolio selectionstrategy积极的组合选择策略Arbitrage Pricing Theory （APT）套利（定价）理论beat the market 打败市场benchmark 基准benchmark portfolio 基准组合Capital Asset PricingModel（CAPM）资本资产定价模型capital market line（CML）资本市场线consensus 一致、一致同意cost of capital 资本成本covariance 协方差equilibrium asset price 均衡（的）资产价格equilibrium expectedreturn均衡（的）期望收益率equilibrium price 均衡价格equilibrium risk premium 均衡风险溢价indexing 指数化irreducible 不能减少的、难复位的marginal contribution 边际贡献market portfolio 市场组合market-related risk 市场相关的（或承认的）风险multifactor IntertemporalCapital Asset PricingModel（ICAPM）多因子、跨期资本资产定价模型mutual fund 共同基金non-market risk 非市场风险passive investing 消极投资passive portfolio selectionstrategy消极的组合选择策略pension fund 养老基金regression coefficient 回归系数reward-to-risk ratio 风险补偿比率security market line（SML）证券市场线short-sale 卖空systematic risk 系统风险unsystematic risk 非系统风险Chapter 14arbitrageur 套利者bountiful 慷慨的、充足的casino 卡西诺赌场、小别墅closing out（one’s/a）position平仓continuouscompounding连续复利cost of carry 持有成本daily marking to market 逐日盯市（即每日无负债清算制度）delivery 交割delivery date 交割日delivery price 交割价格expectationshypothesis期望假说financial future 金融期货（即标的物为金融产品的期货合约）foreign-exchangeparity relation汇率平价关系forward contract 远期合约forward price 远期价格forward-spotprice-parity relation 远期-即期价格间的平价关系future contract 期货合约future price 期货价格future spot price 将来的现货价格hedger 套期保值者intrinsic value 内在价值margin 保证金open interest 未平仓合约数、头寸开放权益数position 头寸posting of margin （对）保证金（进行）过帐quasi-arbitrage 准套利（机会）replicate 复制speculator 投机者spoilage 损坏spot price 即期价格、现货价格spread 价差、差额the wall street journal 《华尔街日报》Chapter 15American-typeoption美式期权arrear 应付欠款、储备物at the money option 两平期权Black-Scholes model 布莱克-斯科尔斯期权定价模型boom 繁荣的bullish 乐观的call （option）买入期权（简称买权）、看涨期权capital-gain 资本（性）收益cash settlement 现金结算Chicago BoardOptions Exchange（CBOE）芝加哥期权交易所commission 佣金Contingent Claims 或有权益（简称或有权、或然权）credit guarantee 信用保证（或承诺）de facto 实际的、实际上decision tree 决策树delinquency 失职、违法行为dividend yield 股利收益率dividend-adjusted option formula 股利调整期权（定价）公式embedded option 嵌入式期权European put option 欧式卖权European-type欧式期权evasion 逃避、躲避Exchange-traded option 场内（即在交易所交易的）期权exercise price/strikeprice执行价格/敲定价格expirationdate/maturity date到期日explicit 外生的flexibility 灵活性、柔性FutureOptions/Option onFutures期货期权growth option 增长期权guarantor 保证人hedge ratio 对冲比率、套期比率implicit 内生的implied volatility 隐含波动率in the money option 虚值期权incremental 增量的、增加的index option 指数期权intrinsicvalue/tangible value内在价值、执行价值junk bond 垃圾债券litigation 诉讼、争论mainline 主流的、传统的natural logarithm 自然对数normal distribution 正态分布Option 期权out of the moneyoptionOver-the-counteroption场外（交易的）期权payoff diagrams 支付图plaintiff 起诉人provision 条文、条款put （option）卖出期权（简称卖权）、看跌期权put-call parityrelation买（权）与卖（权）间的平价关系real option 实物期权recession 衰退self-financinginvestment strategy自融资投资策略sequel 续篇、后果shortfall 不足之数、赤字stochastic 随机的 swap 互换 time value 时间价值 truncate截断two-state （binomial ）option pricing model 两状态（二项式）期权定价模型 underlying asset 标的资产、基础资产Chapter 16account payable 应付账款accrued wage应计工资adjusted present value （APV ）（经）调整的现值 after-tax incremental cash flow 税后增量现金流agency cost 代理成本allegiance 忠诚、忠贞all-equtiy financing 全权益融资 bankruptcy cost破产成本bankruptcy proceeding 破产程序、破产诉讼 Capital Structure 资本结构capital structure irrelevance proposition 资本结构无关性定理circumvent 绕过、智胜collateral 担保品common stock 普通股corporate income tax公司所得税cost of financial distress 财务危机（危难）成本 debt financing 债务融资 entity实体、本质、存在equity financing 权益融资external financing外部融资（筹资） fiduciary受信托的 financial distress财务危机（危难） financing instrument 金融工具 franchise 特许权 free cash flow自由现金流 frictionless 无摩擦的gourmet供美食家的享用的、美食家imminent 临近的、迫在眉睫的 interest tax shield （债务）利息税盾 internal financing 内部融资（筹资） issuing new stock 发行新股leveraged investment 杠杆投资（即投资额中有部分债务融资）long-term lease 长期租赁M & M proposition MM 定理market debt-to-equity ratio（用）市场（价值表示的）债务-权益比率market-value/economic balance sheet （用）市场价值（表示的）资产负债表 Modigliani & Miller （M 莫迪里阿尼和米勒& M ）optimal capital structure 最优资本结构 pension liability 养老金（形式的）债务 perk额外补贴 personal income tax 个人所得税 preferred stock优先股学习必备欢迎下载prestige 威信、声望pro rata 按比例的realized capital gains 已实现资本收益redeploy 重新部署（布置、调派）repurchase stock 回购股票residual claim 剩余索取权（求偿权）retained earning 留存收益scrutiny 细致检查secured debt 安全债务stock option 股票期权subsidy 津贴、财政援助、特别津贴voting right 投票权warrant 认股权证、认股权weighted average costof capital（WACC）加权资本成本Chapter 17acquisition 收购bargain v. 讲价、讨价还价；n. 便宜货、交易、协定breakup 分散、中止、崩溃consolidation 合并、联合、巩固consummate 完成、使…完美contest 竞争、争夺corroborate 加强证实、巩固、支持discretion 决定权、谨慎、判断力divest 使…脱去information set 信息集loss carry-forward 亏损递延malevolence 恶意、坏影响merger 兼并opaqueness 不透明real option 实物期权spin-off 派生出、让产易股、抽资脱离synergy 协同增效takeover 接管。

毕业生毕业去向英语二作文

毕业生毕业去向英语二作文英文回答：With the academic journey drawing to a close,university graduates embark upon a new chapter in their lives, embarking on diverse career paths that reflect their aspirations and goals. Some choose to pursue further academic endeavors, delving deeper into the realm of knowledge and research. Others seek employment in various industries and sectors, eager to apply their skills and contribute to the workforce.Among the most popular career paths for graduates is business and finance. With a solid foundation in economics, accounting, and finance, many graduates are drawn to careers in banking, consulting, and investment management. These roles offer opportunities for analytical thinking, problem-solving, and financial decision-making.Another sought-after career path is technology. Thebooming tech industry offers a wide array of opportunities for graduates with expertise in computer science, software engineering, and data analytics. These roles involve developing innovative solutions, creating new products and services, and shaping the digital landscape.Graduates with a passion for healthcare can pursue careers in medicine, nursing, and other allied health fields. These professions offer the opportunity to make a meaningful impact on people's lives, providing care and support to those in need.For those interested in social impact, careers in non-profit organizations, government agencies, and international development agencies offer opportunities to address important societal issues. These roles involve working on projects related to education, healthcare, environmental protection, and human rights.In addition to these traditional career paths, many graduates also choose to pursue entrepreneurial ventures. They start their own businesses or join startups,leveraging their skills and creativity to create innovative products or services. Entrepreneurship offers the potential for financial rewards, flexibility, and the satisfaction of building something from the ground up.The choice of career path ultimately depends on the individual's interests, skills, and values. By carefully considering their strengths and aspirations, graduates can navigate the transition from university to the workforce and find a fulfilling career that aligns with their goals.中文回答：随着学业生涯的结束，大学毕业生踏上了人生的新篇章，走上了反映其抱负和目标的不同职业道路。

会计学原理英文版21版答案

会计学原理英文版21 版答案【篇一：19 版《会计学原理》会计英语双语词汇怀尔德】=txt> 会计术语accounting; account; accountant; cpa, cma, cia, cb, cfe; financial accounting; managerial accounting; auditor; internal control; financial management; bookkeeping recordkeeping; 会计;账户;会计师;注册会计师,注册管理会计师,注册内部审计师,注册簿记员,注册舞弊检查员;财务会计,管理会计,审计员,内部控制;财务管理;记账；记录;rd, research development; hr human resource; distribution; logistics; marketing; not-for-profit organization; shareholder; stakeholder; lender; creditor; debtors; supplier; customer; regulator; legislator; board of director; broker; mortgage; wholesaler, retailer; merchandiser; manufacturer; services; consignor; consignee; entrepreneur, entrepreneurship; sole proprietorship; partnership; corporation; common stock or ordinary share; preferred stock or preference share; corporate governance system; limited company; soe ：state-ownedenterprise; sme ：small and medium sized enterprise; 研发、研发、人力资源;分配；物流;销售;非营利组织;股东;利益相关者;出借人;债权人,债务人;供应商;客户;监管;立法;董事会;代理;抵押贷款;批发商、零售商,推销商,制造商,服务,发货人,收货人,企业家,企业家能力;个人独资,合伙企业;企业;普通股或普通股,优先股或优先股; 公司治理系统; 有限公司；国有企业,中小企业, financial statement; financial report; footnotes to financial statement; interim financial statement; annual, semiannually, quarterly, monthly financial statement; balance sheet; income statemen t; cash flow statement; statement of owner ' s equity; classified financial statement; pro forma financial statements; unadjusted trial balance; adjusted trial balance; post-closing trial balance; book; journal; ledger; general journal; specific journal; general ledger; subsidiary ledger; chart of accounts; double-entry accounting; working papers; work sheet; 财务报表、财务报告、财务报表附注;中期财务报表,年度,每半年、季度、月度财务报表,资产负债表,损益表,现金流量表,所有者权益表; 财务报表分类;形式上的财务报表;调整前试算表,调整后试算表,结帐后试算表;账簿;日记账;分类账;一般日记账;特定日记账,总账、明细分类帐;会计科目表;复式会计;工作底稿;工作表;accounting ethics; accounting fraud, scandal; bogus accounting report; accounting oversight; stringent internal control; accounting principle,assumption, and standard; social responsibility; fasb, gaap, sec, iasb, ifrs; general principle, specific principles; cash basis accounting; accrual basis accounting; cost principle; revenue reorganization principle; matching principle; materiality constraint (cost-to- benefit constraint); full disclosure principle; going-concern assumption; monetary unit assumption; time period assumption (periodicity assumption) ; business entity assumption; consistency concept; conservatism constraint; lower of cost or market; lifo conformity rule;会计道德; 会计欺诈，丑闻,虚假的会计报告; 会计监督;严格的内部控制,会计原则,假设,和标准;社会责任;财务会计准则委员会,公认会计准则,证券交易委员会,国际会计准则委员会,国际财务报告准则;一般原则,具体原则;收付实现制;权责发生制会计;成本原则;收入确认原则,配比原则;物质性约束(效益成本约束); 全面披露原则,持续经营假设;货币计量假设;会计分期假设(周期性假设); 会计主体假设;一致性概念;保守主义约束;降低成本或市场; 后进先出一致性规则;accounting cycle; operating cycle; accounting documents; source documents; sales tickets; checks; purchase orders; bills; invoice; cash register; money and any medium of exchange; deposit; money orders; promissory note; written promise; asset; tangible asset; intangible asset; liability; owner ' s equity; revenue; expense; profit; current asset; non - current asset; fixed asset; plant and equipment; cash discount; cost of goods sold; credit memorandum; credit period; credit terms; debit memorandum; discount period; eom (end of month); fob shipping point; fob destination; general and administrative expenses; gross margin; inventory; list price; multiple-step income statement; periodic inventory system; perpetual inventory system; purchase return and allowance; shrinkage; supplementary records; trade discount; damage and loss intransit; transportation-in ，transportation-out; itemized cost;physical count; deterioration;会计循环;营业周期;会计凭证;原始凭证;销售票据,检查,采购订单,账单;发票;收银台;金钱和任何交换的媒介,存款,汇票,本票,书面承诺;资产,有形资产,无形资产,负债,所有者权益,收入,费用,利润,流动资产、非流动资产、固定资产、厂房和设备,现金折扣,销货成本;信用证;信贷时期,信贷条件;借项通知单;折扣期间，月末; 寄发地交货,目的地交货;一般及行政费用,毛利;存货;定价;多级损益表;定期盘存制;永续盘存制;回购和津贴;损失;补充记录;商业折扣,伤亡和损失在运输过程中运入运费，运出运费;会计成本;实物盘点;衰退;t-account; contra account; permanent accounts; temporary accounts; transaction and event; what-if or proposed transaction; liquidation; net incomeor loss; income summary; sale on credit, sale on account; receivables; payables; capital; supplies; notes payable; accumulated depreciation; straightline depreciation; reduced balance depreciation; withdrawal; deferral; accruals; deferred expenses or revenues; accrued expenses or revenues; working capital; beginning balance; ending balance, end-of-period balance; normal balance; opposite normal balance; short-term, long-term; point of time, period of time; prior period; fiscal year, 12 consecutive months or 52 weeks; calendar year; natural business year; closing entries; prepaid account; premium; journal entry; year-end adjusting entry; posting reference column; unearned revenue; 丁字式帐户; 抵销帐户; 永久账户; 临时账户,交易和事件,提出假设或事务;清算;净利润或损失;收益汇总;赊销,赊销;应收,应付款;资本;物料; 应付票据,累计折旧;直线折旧,余额递减折旧;撤资;延迟;权责发生额; 递延费用或收入;应计费用或收入,营运资本,期初余额,期末余额,期末余额;正常平衡;相反的正常平衡,短期、长期,时点,时期,前期;财政年度,连续12 个月或52周,历年;自然年;结帐分录;预付帐户;溢价;日记账分录,年终调整分录;过账备查账,预收收入;business decision; lending decision; investment; return; financing; cost of capital; dividend; bonus; principal amount; interest rate; book value; historical value; residual value; salvage value; amount; pro rata basis; gift card; gift certificate; coupon; premium; salary; wage; pension; welfare; interest; vacation, vocation; carton, cartoon; patent; trademarks; copyrights; franchise; goodwill; licensing agreement; inflation;deflation; goods in transit; goods on consignment; goods damaged or obsolete (deteriorate) ; goods work-in-progress; incidental cost; inventory costing method; physical flow of goods and cost flow of inventory; cost in or out of inventory; specific identification; first-in, first-out; last-in, first-out;weighted average;商业决策;贷款决策;投资;回报;融资;资本成本;股息,红利,本金;利率; 账面价值;历史价值;残值;残值;数量;按比例;礼品卡;礼券,礼券,奖金; 工资,工资,养老金;福利;利息;假期,假期,纸箱,卡通,专利,商标,版权,特许经营;商誉;许可协议;通货膨胀,通货紧缩,货物在运输途中,货物托运; 货物损坏或过时(恶化),货物在制品;杂项费用,存货成本核算方法;商品实质流程和存货成本流;成本或库存,具体识别;先进,先进先出,后进先出,加权平均,,identify; record; classify; communicate; analyze; interpret; prepare financial statement (trial balance); present; manipulate; disclose; withdraw; own; owe; yield; prescribe; summarize; journalize; post; credit; debit;understate; overstate; adjust; defer; subtract; add; multiply; divide; transfer; update; come due; smooth out changes in cost; match cost with revenue;识别、记录、分类;沟通;分析;解释;准备财务报表(试);现在,操纵;披露;撤资;自己所有的;欠;产量;规定;总结;记日记账;宣布;贷方;借方;低估;高估;调整;推迟;减少;增加;乘;分化;转移;更新;到期;平滑变化成本; 成本与收入匹配; financial management terms财务管理方面part a-chapter 1 部分一章1financial accounting, managerial accounting, and financial management财务会计、管理会计和财务管理investment decision, financing decision, and dividend decision投资决策、融资决策和股利决策enterprise, company, firm, business, proprietorship,partnership, corporation 企业、公司、公司、企业,独资企业,合伙企业,公司listed company or quoted company上市公司或上市公司stock exchange listing regulation 证券交易所上市的监管voluntary andnot-for-profit organization, economy, effectiveness and efficiency 自愿和非营利性组织、经济、有效性和效率corporate strategy and financial strategy 公司战略和财务战略accounting principle, rules, standards, and assumptions 会计原则、规则、标准和假设going-concern basis, accounting period, accounting entity, and stable monetary unit assumption 持续经营基础上,会计期间、会计主体和稳定货币单位的假设monetary and non-monetary measures 货币和非货币性的措施financial statement and financial report 财务报表和财务报告balance sheet or statement of financial position 资产负债表或财务状况的声明income statement, cash flow statement, and statement of owner ' s equity 损益表、现金流量表和所有者权益的声明financial objectives or targets财务目标或目标identification and formulation of objectives 识别和制定目标the welfare of employee, of management, of society 员工的福利,社会的管理the fulfillment of responsibility towards customers and suppliers实现对客户和供应商的责任shareholders ' wealth maximization 股东财富最大化profitability, growth, customer satisfaction 盈利能力、增长、客户满意度financial achievement 财务成果actual performance and forecast performance 实际性能和预测性能disproportionate to true worth 不成比例的真实价值drawback, advantage, disadvantage, shortcoming 缺点,优点,缺点,缺点agency relationship, goal congruence 代理关系, 目标一致corporate governance, internal control, and risk management 公司治理、内部控制和风险管理reward scheme, performance-related pay, extrinsic and intrinsic rewards 奖励计划,绩效工资,外在和内在的回报accountability, good supervision, 问责,监督好, remuneration committee, nomination committee, independent non-executivedirector 薪酬委员会、提名委员会、独立非执行董事accountant and auditor 会计和审计shareholder or stockholder, and stakeholder, creditor and debt holder 股东或股东和利益相关者,债权人和债务持有人employees, directors; managers, pensioners, shareholders, debt holders, investors, customers, bankers, suppliers, competitors, government, pressure groups, local and national communities, professional and regulatory bodies 雇员、董事、管理人员、退休人员、股东、债权人、投资者、客户、银行家、供应商、竞争对手、政府、压力团体,地方和全国社区、专业和监管机构securities, bond, stock, loan, bank overdraft, saving, debenture, treasury, accounts receivable, 证券,债券,股票,贷款,银行透支,储蓄、债券、财政部、应收帐款、working capital, shareholders ' fund or equity 营运资本,股东的基金或股票input, output, yield, product, production, productivity, 输入、输出、产量、产品、生产、生产力、asset, liabilities, owners ' equity, revenue, expense profit资产、负债、所有者权益、收入、费用利润current asset, accounts receivable, inventory流动资产、应收帐款、库存non-current asset, plant and equipment, fixed asset 非流动资产,厂房和设备,固定资产volume of investment, risk and return of investment 的投资,投资的风险和回报short-term, medium-term, long-term funds, shortfall in fund 短期、中期、长期的基金,基金缺口net present value, book value, market value, added value, nominal value and real value 净现值、账面价值、市场价值价值,名义价值和实际价值benefit, gain, interest, dividend, earnings, retained earnings, profit retention 利益,收益,利息、股息、获利、留存收益、利润保留,附加ordinary share, preference share 普通股、优先股business risk andfinancial risk 商业风险和金融风险accounting profit and economicprofit 会计利润和经济利润manipulation of profit 操纵利润capitalization 资本化ratio, index, indicator, variables 比率指标,指标变量bad debt, depreciation 坏账、折旧cost of goods sold 销货成本provision for depreciation or anticipated losses 折旧准备或预期的损失overhead cost, development cost, and various expenses 间接成本、开发成本和各种费用administration or selling and distribution expenses 【篇二：会计学原理试题及答案（很全）】＞一、判断题（对的写t，错的写f。

Finance(国际金融)关键术语名词解释

Chapter 1《American EconomicReview》《美国经济评论》《Journal of Finance》《金融学报》《The Wealth of Nations》《国富论》acquisition 收购adjust risk 调整风险aggressive target 激进（性）的目标asset 资产asset allocation 资产配置bidder 出价者，竞标者Black-Scholes optionspricing formulaB-S期权定价公式business finance 企业财务（金融）capital budgeting 资本预算capital expenditure 资本支出capital structure 资本结构cash flow 现金流chief executive officer（CEO）首席执行官chief financial officer（CFO）首席财务官（财务总监）claims 权益（证）、索取权利classical economics 古典经济学common stock 普通股competitive stock market 竞争性的股票市场conflict of interest 利益冲突consumption and savingdecisions消费和储蓄决策consumption preference 消费偏好controller 审计员convertible securities 可转换证券corporation （有限责任）公司corporation finance 公司财务（金融）debt outstanding 未清偿贷款（债务）derivative securities 衍生证券diversify risk 分散风险dividend and financialpolicies红利（股利）和财务政策economic value 经济价值entertainment industry 娱乐行业（产业）entity 实体equity权益（与Liability（负债对应）evaluation of cost 成本估算（评价）exclusive goal 唯一目标executive compensationprogram管理者补偿（薪酬）计划extended family 大家庭finance 金融, 财政, 金融学finance system 金融系统financial advisory firm 金融咨询公司financial capital 金融资本financial contracting 订立金融合约（合同）Financial Executive Institute 财务执行官组织financing 筹措资金（融资）financing decision 融资决策general partner 一般合伙人going concern 关注效应infrastructure 基础设施、架构initial outlay 初始投入integrated financial program 完整的财务计划investment decision 投资决策ITT corporation 国际电报电话公司learning curve 学习曲线liability 负债、债务、责任limited liability 有限责任limited partner 有限责任合伙人long-lived asset 长期资产long-range incentivesystem长期激励系统market discipline 市场规则market interest rate 市场利率market risk premium 市场风险价格market value of shares 股票市场价值（简称市值）marketing 营销maximize the wealth （使）财富最大化merger 兼并，合并mortgage loan 抵押贷款multinational conglomerate 跨国企业集团mutual fund 共同基金net worth 净资产operating margin 营业利润option 期权original core business 原始的核心业务partnership 合伙企业pension liabilities 养老金负债personal investing 个人投资physical capital 实物资本pool联营；集中使用的（资金，物）portfolio 投资组合portfolio of asset 资产组合preferred stock 优先股president 总裁primary commitment 首要（基本）任务private corporation 私人（非公众）公司professional managers 职业经理人profit 利润profit-maximizationcriterion利润最大化标准proposition 命题public corporation 公众公司quantitative model 定量模型regulatory body 监管机构resource allocationdecision资源配置决策retail outlet 零售摊点return 回报，收益risk-averse 风险厌恶（规避）security price 证券价格share price appreciation 股价上涨（增值）shareholder-wealth-maximization股东财富最大化sole proprietorship 个体（业主制）企业spin-off 配股spread out over time 跨时间分布stake 资助，资金stock option 股票期权strategic planning 战略规划supplier 供货商takeover 接管the exchange of assetsand risks资产和风险的交换the set of markets andother institutions市场及其它机构的集合trade off 权衡uncertain benefit 不确定性收益unlimited （limited）liability无（有）限责任vice-president forfinancial财务副总裁voting right （股东）投票权welfare 福利well-functioning capitalmarket高效的资本市场working capitalmanagement营运资本管理Chapter 2accounting procedure 会计程序adverse selection 逆向选择American Express 美国运通信用卡arithmetic mean 算术平均数asymmetry 不对称average risk premium 平均风险升水（溢价）Bank for InternationalSettlement（BIS）国际清算银行banking panic 银行危机bartern. 易货贸易；v. 讨价还价board of directors 董事会by-product 副产品call option 买入期权（看涨期权）capital gain（loss）资本收益（损失）Capital market资本市场（即长期资金市场）cash dividend 现金股利（红利）central bank 中央银行charge price 要价clearing and settlingpayment清算和结算支付closed-end 封闭式的collateral 担保品collateralization 以…担保commercial loan 商业贷款commercial loan rate 商业贷款利率credit card 信用卡default 违约、托债、弃权default risk 违约风险deficit unit 赤字部门defined-benefit pensionplan规定收益型养恤金制defined-contributionpension plan规定缴费型养恤金制depository savingsinstitution存款储蓄机构（系统）derivative 衍生（证券）Deutsche Bank 德意志银行dissemination 推广、传播dividend reinvestment 红利（股利）再投资dollar-denominated asset 以美元计价的资产double-entry-bookkeeping 复式记账法equity 权益equity-kickers 权益条件expected rates of return 期望（预期）收益率Federal Reserve System 联邦储备系统Finance AccountingStandardsBoard财务会计标准委员会financial instrument 金融工具financial intermediary 金融中介financial market parameters 金融市场参数financial variable 金融（财务）变量fixed-income-instruments 固定收益证券flow of fund 资金流flow of fund 资金流foreign exchange 外汇formation extraction 信息提取forward contract 远期合约functional perspective （从）功能（的角度或观点）future 期货German marks 德国马克go public 上市incentive problem 激励问题index fund 指数（化）基金index-linked bonds（与物价）指数联系的债券information service 信息咨讯（服务）insurance company 保险公司interest rate 利息率（简称利率）interest rate arbitrage 利率套利interest rate equalization 利率平价intermediary 中介International BankforReconstruction andDevelopment国际复兴开发银行International Monetary Fund（IMF）国际货币基金组织International Swap DealersAssociation国际掉期交易商协会intertemporal 跨期的（多阶段的）IOUI owe you的简称，喻指“借条”issuing stock 发行股票Japanese yen 日元life annuity 人寿年金limited liability 有限责任liquidity 流动性maturity （票据）到期日；期限money market货币市场（即短期资金市场）moral-hazard 道德风险mortgage 抵押mortgage rate 抵押利率mutual fund 共同基金New York Stock Exchange 纽约股票交易所nominal interest rate 名义利率offset 弥补、抵消open-end 开放式的option 期权Osaka Options and FuturesExchange大阪期货期权交易所over-the-counter-market（OTC）场外（交易）市场parties to contract 合约的参与者pool or aggregate 联营；集中使用的（资金或物品）；premium 升水、溢价price appreciation 增值principal-agent problem 委托－代理问题pro rata 按比例的put option 卖出期权（看跌期权）qusai- 准、半rate of exchange 汇率rates of return 收益（回报）率rating agency 评级机构real interest rate 实际利率real rate of return 实际收益率redeem 赎回、偿还residual claim 剩余索取（求偿）权risk aversion 风险厌恶（规避）risk premium 风险升水（溢价）security dealer 证券交易商shed specific risk 规避（分散）特定（或私有）风险standard deviation 标准差standardized option contract （经）标准化的期权合约surplus unit 盈余部门trade-off 权衡trust company 信托公司U.S Treasury Bills 美国国库券underwrite 认购、包销unit of account 计值单位universal bank全能银行（指兼做中央银行和商业银行业务的银行）volatility 波动性well-information 信息充分的yen rate of return（以）日元（记值）的收益率yield curve 收益（率）曲线yield spread 收益价差Chapter 3accounting earnings 会计收入accounting rule 会计规则accrual 应计的accrual accounting 应计制（权责发生制）accumulated depreciation 累计折旧amortize 摊销、分期偿还apocryphal 伪经的、假冒的asset turnover（ATO）资产周转率（销售收入/总资产）audit 查账、审计balance sheet 资产负债表benchmark （比较）基准bond-rating 债券评级book value 账面价值capital structure 资本结构capital-incentive utility 资本密集型的公用事业（公司）cash and equivalents 现金及其等价物cash budget 现金预算cash cycle time 现金循环周期cash inflow 现金流入cash outflow 现金流出common stock outstanding 流通在外的普通股contingent liability 或有负债（如：可能发生的诉讼赔偿等）current asset 流动资产current liability 流动负债current ratio 流动比率depreciation 折旧、贬值disclose 披露dividend payout rate 股利支付率earnings before interest and tax （EBIT）息税前利润（=毛利- GS&A）earnings per share 每股盈余（收益）earnings retention rate （收益）留存比率expiration date 到期日external financing 外部融资（比如，发行股票和债券）financial distress 财务危机（困境）financial leverage 财务杠杆（率）financial ratio 财务比率financial statement 财务报表general, selling, andadministrative expenses（GS&A）管理及销售费用goodwill 商誉gross margin 毛利（润）（=销售收入-产品销售成本）income statement 损益表income tax 所得税intangible asset 无形资产inventory 库存、存货inventory turnover 存货周转率liquidity 流动性long-term debt 长期负债market to book 市值价值/账面价值marking to market 盯住市场net income（or net profit）净利润（即税后利润=EBIT-利息-所得税）net working capital 净营运资本（=流动资产-流动负债）net worth 净资产（即权益，=资产-负债）off-balance-sheet 表外项目operation income 营运收益（营业利润）opportunity cost 机会成本owner’s equity所有者权益paid-in capital 实收资本payable 应付账款percent-of-sales method 销售（收入）百分比法planning horizon 计划（时间）跨度price to earnings 市盈率（价格/盈余）profitability 盈利能力、盈利性property 土地、地产、所有权quick ratio 速动比率receivable 应收账款receivables turnover 应收账款周转率retained earnings 留存收益ROA（return on asset）资产收益率（EBIT/资产）ROE（return on equity）净资产收益率（即权益报酬率，=税后利润/净资产）ROS（return on sales）销售利润率（EBIT/销售收入）short-term debt 短期负债specify performance target 设定业绩目标statements of cash flow 现金流量表sustainable growth rate 持续增长率taxable income 应税收益（即税前利润=EBIT-利息）times interest earned 利息保障倍数Tobin’s Q托宾Q值（=资产市值/重置成本）total shareholder returns 总的股东收益（率）Chapter 4after-tax interest rate 税后利率amortization 分期偿还、摊销annual percentage rate（APR）年度百分比（利率）annuity 年金before-tax interest rate 税前利率compound interest 复利compounding 复和（与discounting 相反的概念）discount rate 折现率、贴现率discounted cash flow（DCF）折现现金流discounting 折现、折扣effective annual rate（EFF）有效年利率exchange rate 汇率future value 终值future value factor 终值系数（即由现值计算终值的换算因子）growth annuity 增长年金immediate annuity 即付年金implied interest rate 隐含利率installment 分期付款internal rate of return（IRR）内部报酬率market capitalizationrate市场资本化利率（简称市场利率）net present value（NPV）净现值opportunity cost ofcapital资本的机会成本ordinary annuity 普通年金（即后付年金）original principal （初始）本金outstanding balance 未平头寸payback period 回收期perpetual annuity（orperpetuity）永续年金present value 现值present value factor （终值）现值系数（终值系数的倒数）reinvest 再投资simple interest 单利tax-exempt 免税的time value of money （TVM）货币（或资金）的时间价值yield to maturity 到期收益率Chapter 5bequest 遗赠、遗赠物break-even 得失相当的，盈亏平衡的deductible 可扣除（或抵扣）的explicit cost 显性成本feasible plan 可行（的）计划human capital 人力资本implicit cost 隐性成本incremental 增量的、增值的intertemporal budgetconstraint跨期预算约束optimization model 优化模型permanent income 永久性收入provision 条文、条款tax deferred 税收（可）延缓的tax exempt 免税的trial-and-error 试错Chapter 6after-tax cash flow 税后现金流all-equity-financed firm 全权益融资公司annualized capital cost 年金化资本成本appropriation 拨款、占用break-even point 盈亏平衡点capital budgeting 资本预算cost of capital 资本成本coupon bond 息票债券cumulative present value 累计现值full-fledged 完备的、正式的horizontal axis 横轴（或横坐标）labor-intensive 劳动密集型的liquidate 清算、清偿market-related risk 市场相关（或者承认予以补偿）的风险，即系统风险（systematic risk）prototype 模型、原型residual value 残值risk premium 风险溢价risk-adjusted discountrate（经）风险调整的折现率sensitivity analysis 敏感性分析vertical axis 纵轴（或纵坐标）zero-inflation 零通涨（率）Chapter 7Arbitrage 套利arbitrageurs 套利（交易）者beverage 饮料bona fide 真正的bond 债券default risk 违约风险default-free 无违约（风险）的earnings per share 每股盈余efficient marketshypothesis（EMH）有效市场假说fetch 售得…fixed-income securities 固定收益证券foreign exchangemarket外汇市场fundamental value 基础价值information set 信息集interest-rate arbitrage 利率套利intrinsic value 内在价值laundry 洗衣店Law of One Price 一价定律price/earnings multiple 市盈率（倍数）real estate 房地产、不动产sibling 兄弟、同胞、氏族成员tautologically 同意反复地transaction costs 交易成本triangular arbitrage 三角套利vending 售货well-informed 信息充分的Chapter 8abscissa 横坐标ask price 卖价、要价（报价）bid price 买价、出价（询价）callable bond 可赎回债券convertible bond 可转换债券coupon bond 带息债券、息票债券current yield 即期收益（率）discount bond 折价债券face value/ par value 面值maturity 到期日ordinate 纵坐标par bond 平价债券premium bond 溢价债券pure discount bond 纯折现债券quote 牌价redeem 赎回、偿还risk-free interest rate 无风险利率yield curve 收益（率）曲线yield to maturity 到期收益（率）zero-coupon bond 零息（票）债券Chapter 9New York StockExchange纽约股票交易所cash dividend 现金股利（或红利、分红）closing price 收盘价Constant-Growth-RateDDM不变增长率股利折现模型current/existingstockholders现有股东、老股东discounted-dividendmodel（DDM）股利折现模型dividend policy 股利政策dividend yield 分利收益率ex-dividend price 除息（即股息）价格expected rate of return 期望收益率（或报酬率）infinite 无穷（或无限）的internal equity financing 内部权益融资Investment opportunity 投资机会market capitalization rate 市场资本化利率odd lots 零星（交易量）per se 亲自、亲身perpetual 永久的price/earnings ratio 市盈率Reinvested earnings 再投资收益required rate of return 必要报酬率（或收益率）risk-adjusted discountrate（经）风险调整折现率round lots 整批（交易量）share repurchase 股票回购skeptical 怀疑的stock dividend 股票股利stock splits 股票分割Chapter 10actuary 精算师caterer 酒席承办人colossal 巨大的、异常的confidence intervals 置信区间consortium 社团、合伙continuous probability distribution 连续概率分布diversification 分散化（投资）diversifying 分散化、多样化dunce 笨蛋、书呆子ex ante 事先的ex post 事后的expected rate of return 期望收益率（报酬率）flexibility 灵活性、柔性forward contract 远期合约hedger （套期）保值者、对冲者hedging 保值、对冲、对两方下注以防止（赌博、冒险等）的损失insuring 投保、给…保险jurisdiction 司法、权力、权限layoff 解雇、失业materialize 实现mean 均值normal distribution 正态分布overview 概述perverse 故意作对的、任性的portfolio 投资组合precautionary saving 预防性储蓄probability distribution 概率分布quadruple adj. 四倍的；v. 使…（增加）四倍recrimination 反责refund 退还risk assessment 风险评估risk aversion 风险规避risk avoidance 风险避免risk exposure 风险暴露risk identification 风险识别risk management 风险管理risk retention 风险保留risk transfer 风险转移sinful 有罪的、过错的、不道德的speculator 投机者square root 平方根stakeholder 利益相关者standard deviation 标准差swap 互换volatility 波动率Chapter 11American-type option 美式期权call option 买入期权（简称“买权”）cap （利率）上限condominium 公寓私有的共有方式co-payment 共同支付counterparty 交易对手credit guarantee 信用担保credit risk 信用风险deductible/deduction 免赔额delivery 交割delivery date 交割日derivative 衍生工具diversifiable risk 可分散的风险diversification principle 分散化（或多元化）原则European-type option 欧式期权exclusion 除外责任expiration date 到期日expire 到期face value 面值fictitious 虚构的firm-specific risk （公司）私有（或特有）风险forward contract 远期合约forward price 远期价格future contract 期货合约guarantee 保证、保证人、担保、担保品loan guarantee 债务保单long position 多头market risk 市场风险non-diversifiable risk 不可分散的风险premium 保险费、附加费、溢价proceed n. 盈利put option 卖出期权（简称“卖权”）rolling over 滚动（式）的short position 空头shortfall 不足之数、赤字spot price 即期价格standardized （经）标准化的strike price/ exerciseprice执行价格、行权价swap contract 互换合约、调期合约Chapter 12decision horizon 决策（修正）期限efficient portfolio 有效组合efficient portfolio frontier 有效组合前沿expected return 期望收益率mean-variance model 均值－方差模型minimum-varianceportfolio最小方差组合mutual fund 共同基金optimal combination ofrisky assets风险资产最优组合planning horizon 计划期、规划期point of tangency 切点portfolio selection （投资）组合选择risk premium 风险溢价risk tolerance 风险容忍（度）riskless asset 无风险资产risky-asset portfolio 风险资产组合set of……的集合tangency portfolio 切线组合target expected return 目标期望收益率trade-off 权衡、平衡trading horizon 交易（间隔）期限Chapter 13active investmentstrategies积极投资策略active portfolio selectionstrategy积极的组合选择策略Arbitrage Pricing Theory （APT）套利（定价）理论beat the market 打败市场benchmark 基准benchmark portfolio 基准组合Capital Asset PricingModel（CAPM）资本资产定价模型capital market line（CML）资本市场线consensus 一致、一致同意cost of capital 资本成本covariance 协方差equilibrium asset price 均衡（的）资产价格equilibrium expectedreturn均衡（的）期望收益率equilibrium price 均衡价格equilibrium risk premium 均衡风险溢价indexing 指数化irreducible 不能减少的、难复位的marginal contribution 边际贡献market portfolio 市场组合market-related risk 市场相关的（或承认的）风险multifactor IntertemporalCapital Asset PricingModel（ICAPM）多因子、跨期资本资产定价模型mutual fund 共同基金non-market risk 非市场风险passive investing 消极投资passive portfolio selectionstrategy消极的组合选择策略pension fund 养老基金regression coefficient 回归系数reward-to-risk ratio 风险补偿比率security market line（SML）证券市场线short-sale 卖空systematic risk 系统风险unsystematic risk 非系统风险Chapter 14arbitrageur 套利者bountiful 慷慨的、充足的casino 卡西诺赌场、小别墅closing out（one’s/a）position平仓continuouscompounding连续复利cost of carry 持有成本daily marking to market 逐日盯市（即每日无负债清算制度）delivery 交割delivery date 交割日delivery price 交割价格expectationshypothesis期望假说financial future 金融期货（即标的物为金融产品的期货合约）foreign-exchangeparity relation汇率平价关系forward contract 远期合约forward price 远期价格forward-spotprice-parity relation 远期-即期价格间的平价关系future contract 期货合约future price 期货价格future spot price 将来的现货价格hedger 套期保值者intrinsic value 内在价值margin 保证金open interest 未平仓合约数、头寸开放权益数position 头寸posting of margin （对）保证金（进行）过帐quasi-arbitrage 准套利（机会）replicate 复制speculator 投机者spoilage 损坏spot price 即期价格、现货价格spread 价差、差额the wall street journal 《华尔街日报》Chapter 15American-typeoption美式期权arrear 应付欠款、储备物at the money option 两平期权Black-Scholes model 布莱克-斯科尔斯期权定价模型boom 繁荣的bullish 乐观的call （option）买入期权（简称买权）、看涨期权capital-gain 资本（性）收益cash settlement 现金结算Chicago BoardOptions Exchange（CBOE）芝加哥期权交易所commission 佣金Contingent Claims 或有权益（简称或有权、或然权）credit guarantee 信用保证（或承诺）de facto 实际的、实际上decision tree 决策树delinquency 失职、违法行为dividend yield 股利收益率dividend-adjusted option formula 股利调整期权（定价）公式embedded option 嵌入式期权European put option 欧式卖权European-typeoption欧式期权evasion 逃避、躲避Exchange-traded option 场内（即在交易所交易的）期权exercise price/strikeprice执行价格/敲定价格expirationdate/maturity date到期日explicit 外生的flexibility 灵活性、柔性FutureOptions/Option onFutures期货期权growth option 增长期权guarantor 保证人hedge ratio 对冲比率、套期比率implicit 内生的implied volatility 隐含波动率in the money option 虚值期权incremental 增量的、增加的index option 指数期权intrinsicvalue/tangible value内在价值、执行价值junk bond 垃圾债券litigation 诉讼、争论mainline 主流的、传统的natural logarithm 自然对数normal distribution 正态分布Option 期权out of the moneyoption实值期权Over-the-counteroption场外（交易的）期权payoff diagrams 支付图plaintiff 起诉人provision 条文、条款put （option）卖出期权（简称卖权）、看跌期权put-call parityrelation买（权）与卖（权）间的平价关系real option 实物期权recession 衰退self-financinginvestment strategy自融资投资策略sequel 续篇、后果shortfall 不足之数、赤字stochastic 随机的 swap 互换 time value 时间价值 truncate截断two-state （binomial ）option pricing model 两状态（二项式）期权定价模型 underlying asset 标的资产、基础资产Chapter 16account payable 应付账款accrued wage应计工资adjusted present value （APV ）（经）调整的现值 after-tax incremental cash flow 税后增量现金流agency cost 代理成本 allegiance 忠诚、忠贞 all-equtiy financing 全权益融资 bankruptcy cost破产成本bankruptcy proceeding 破产程序、破产诉讼 Capital Structure资本结构capital structure irrelevance proposition 资本结构无关性定理 circumvent 绕过、智胜 collateral 担保品 common stock 普通股 corporate income tax公司所得税cost of financial distress 财务危机（危难）成本 debt financing 债务融资 entity实体、本质、存在 equity financing 权益融资 external financing外部融资（筹资） fiduciary受信托的 financial distress财务危机（危难） financing instrument 金融工具 franchise 特许权 free cash flow自由现金流 frictionless 无摩擦的gourmet供美食家的享用的、美食家imminent 临近的、迫在眉睫的 interest tax shield （债务）利息税盾 internal financing 内部融资（筹资） issuing new stock 发行新股leveraged investment 杠杆投资（即投资额中有部分债务融资） long-term lease 长期租赁 M & M proposition MM 定理market debt-to-equity ratio（用）市场（价值表示的）债务-权益比率market-value/economic balance sheet （用）市场价值（表示的）资产负债表 Modigliani & Miller （M 莫迪里阿尼和米勒& M ）optimal capital structure 最优资本结构 pension liability 养老金（形式的）债务 perk额外补贴 personal income tax 个人所得税 preferred stock优先股学习必备欢迎下载prestige 威信、声望pro rata 按比例的realized capital gains 已实现资本收益redeploy 重新部署（布置、调派）repurchase stock 回购股票residual claim 剩余索取权（求偿权）retained earning 留存收益scrutiny 细致检查secured debt 安全债务stock option 股票期权subsidy 津贴、财政援助、特别津贴voting right 投票权warrant 认股权证、认股权weighted average costof capital（WACC）加权资本成本Chapter 17acquisition 收购bargain v. 讲价、讨价还价；n. 便宜货、交易、协定breakup 分散、中止、崩溃consolidation 合并、联合、巩固consummate 完成、使…完美contest 竞争、争夺corroborate 加强证实、巩固、支持discretion 决定权、谨慎、判断力divest 使…脱去information set 信息集loss carry-forward 亏损递延malevolence 恶意、坏影响merger 兼并opaqueness 不透明real option 实物期权spin-off 派生出、让产易股、抽资脱离synergy 协同增效takeover 接管。

第四章决策(1)

阿迪达斯耐克对决NBA
Unit4 Decision-making Method
• qualitative method • quantitative method
qualitative method: Group decisionmaking method
• 1.头脑风暴法（Brain Storming） • 2.名义小组技术(Nominal
Lowest level
Structured
Types of Decision Making
☆Long-term decision and short-term decision
☆strategical decision, tactical decision and operative decision
请你决策
• 假如你中了500万元的大奖，请你作出决策如何支配这笔钱。
What shall I do?
Chapter4
Decision Making
Unit1 the concept and characteristics of decision making
1.concept 2.characteristics
☆strategical decision, tactical decision and operative decision
☆Group decision and individual decision
三个臭皮匠顶个诸葛亮三个和尚没水喝
Types of Decision Making
☆Long-term decision and short-term decision
大豆
黑土地 280
玉米
720

Financial Accounting Reporting, Analysis and Decision Making 第一章 PPT

◦ May be incorporated:
e.g.Australian Medical Association, Epilepsy Association of Australia.
Government (Public Sector):
◦ Organisations are owned by government: federal, state or local.
◦ Departments or segments are operated as business enterprises.
11
Introduction to the Conceptual Framework
The Conceptual Framework consists of a set of concepts to be followed by preparers of financial statements and standard setters.
Corporate trust is a popular business structure for small business.
◦ A cooperative is member-owned, controlled and used, and must consist of 5 or more people:
Not-for-profit accountants:
◦ Work in the not-for-profit sector. ◦ Engage in planning, decision making, preparing
financial and management reports for both internal and external users.

金融管理英语

金融管理英语1. What is financial management?Financial management is the process of planning, organizing, directing, and controlling the financial resources of an organization to achieve its objectives. It involves making decisions related to investments, financing, and dividend policies.金融管理是指规划、组织、指导和控制组织的财务资源以实现其目标的过程。

它涉及到与投资、融资和股息政策相关的决策。

2. Why is financial management important?Financial management is important because it helps organizations to make informed decisions about the use of their financial resources. It enables organizations to allocate their financial resources in the most effectiveand efficient manner, and to ensure that they havesufficient funds to meet their obligations and achievetheir objectives.金融管理之所以重要，是因为它帮助组织对财务资源的使用做出明智的决策。

它使组织能够以最有效和最高效的方式分配财务资源，并确保他们有足够的资金来满足他们的义务和实现他们的目标。

3. What are the key components of financial management?The key components of financial management include financial planning, budgeting, financial analysis, investment analysis, financing decisions, and dividendpolicy decisions.金融管理的关键组成部分包括财务规划、预算、财务分析、投资分析、融资决策和股息政策决策。

会计学：企业决策的基础exercises-chapter4答案

SOLUTIONS TO EXERCISESEx 4–1 a. Book valueb. Materialityc. Matching principled. Unrecorded revenuee. Adjusting entriesf. Unearned revenueg. Prepaid expensesh. None (This is an example of “depreciation expense.”)Ex. 4–2Income Statement Balance SheetAdjusting Entryab NE I D NE I Dc I NE I I NE Id NE I D NE I De NE I D D NE Df I NE I NE D IEx. 4–3 a. Rent Expense .......................................................................................... 240,000Prepaid Rent .............................................................................. 240,000 To record rent expense for May ($1,200,000 ÷ 5 months =$240,000 per month).b. Unearned Ticket Revenue ................................................................... 148,800Ticket Revenue .......................................................................... 148,800 To record earning portion of season ticket revenue relatingto May home games.Interest Payable (375)$50,000 x 9% annual rate x 1/12 = $375.(2) Accounts Receivable ...................................................................... 10,000Consulting Fees Earned .................................................... 10,000 To record ten days of unbilled consulting fees at $1,000per day.b. $2,250 ($50,000 x 9% x 6/12 = $2,250)c. $15,000 ($25,000 - $10,000 earned in December, 2002)Ex. 4–5 a. The balance of TWA’s Advance Ticket Sales account represents unearned revenue—that is, amounts collected from customers prior to rendering the relatedservices (air travel). As TWA has an obligation to render these services, theAdvanced Ticket Sales account appears among the liabilities in TWA’s balancesheet.b. TWA normally reduces the balance of this liability account by rendering services tocustomers—that is, by providing flights for which the customers have purchasedtickets. On some occasions, however, TWA reduces the balance of this liability bymaking cash refunds to customers.Interest Payable......................................................................... 1,200 To record interest accrued on bank loan during December.2. D epreciation Expense: Office Building ............................................ 1,100Accumulated Depreciation: Office Building ...................... 1,100 To record depreciation on office building ($330,000 ÷ 25years ⨯1/12 = $1,100).3. A ccounts Receivable ............................................................................ 64,000Marketing Revenue Earned .................................................... 64,000 To record accrued Marketing revenue earned in December.4. I nsurance Expense (150)Prepaid Insurance (150)To record insurance expense (1,800 ÷ 12 months = $150).5. U nearned Revenue ............................................................................... 3,500Marketing Revenue Earned .................................................... 3,500 To record portion of unearned revenue that had becomeearned in December.6. S alaries Expense .................................................................................... 2,400Salaries Payable ......................................................................... 2,400 To record accrued salaries in December.b. $62,650 ($64,000 + $3,500 - $1,200 - $1,100 - $150 - $2,400).Ex. 4–7 a. The total interest expense over the life of the note is $5,400 ($120,000 ⨯ .09 ⨯6/12 = $5,400).The monthly interest expense is $900 ($5,400 ÷ 6 = $900).b. The liability to the bank at December 31, 2002, is $121,800 (Principal, $120,000 +$1,800 accrued interest).c. 2002Oct. 31 Cash ........................................................................................ 120,000Notes Payable .......................................................... 120,000 Obtain from bank six-month loan with interest at9% a year.d. Dec. 31 Interest Expense (900)Interest Payable (900)To accrue interest expense for December on notepayable ($120,000 ⨯ 9% ⨯1/12).e. The liability to the bank at March 31, 2003, is $124,500, consisting of $120,000principal plus $4,500 accrued interest for five months.Ex. 4–8 a. May 1 Cash ........................................................................................ 300,000Notes Payable .......................................................... 300,000 Obtained a three-month loan from National Bankat 12% interest per year.May 31 Interest Expense .................................................................. 3,000Interest Payable ...................................................... 3,000 To record interest expense for May on notepayable to National Bank ($300,000 ⨯ 12% ⨯1/12 =$3,000).b. May 1 Prepaid Rent ......................................................................... 180,000Cash ............................................................................ 180,000 Paid rent for six months at $30,000 per month.May 31 Rent Expense ........................................................................ 30,000Prepaid Rent ............................................................ 30,000 To record rent expense for the month of May.c. May 2 Cash ........................................................................................ 910,000Unearned Admissions Revenue .......................... 910,000 Sold season tickets to the 70-day racing season.May 31 Unearned Admissions Revenue ....................................... 260,000Admissions Revenue .............................................. 260,000 To record admissions revenue from the 20 racingdays in May ($910,000 ⨯ 20/70 = $260,000).d. May 4 No entry required.e. May 6 Prepaid Printing .................................................................. 12,000Cash ............................................................................ 12,000 Printed racing forms for first 30 racing days.May 31 Printing Expense.................................................................. 8,000Prepaid Printing ...................................................... 8,000 To record printing expense for 20 racing days inMay.f. May 31 Concessions Receivable ..................................................... 16,500Concessions Revenue ............................................ 16,500 Earned 10% of refreshment sales of $165,000 duringMay.Something to Consider:Effects of omission of May 31 adjusting entry for rent expense on May 31 financialstatements:Revenue Not affectedExpenses Understated (by May’s rent of $30,000)Net Income Overstated (because May rent expense was not recognized)Assets Overstated (Prepaid Rent should be reduced by portion expiredin May)Liabilities Not affectedOwners’ Equity Overstated (because net income is overstated)Ex. 4–9 a. Materiality refers to the relative importance of an item. An item is material if knowledge of it might reasonably influence the decisions of users of financialstatements. If an item is immaterial,by definition it is not relevant to decisionmakers.Accountants must account for material items in the manner required by generallyaccepted accounting principles. However, immaterial items may be accounted forin the most convenient and economical manner.b. Whether a specific dollar amount is “material”depends upon the (1) size of theamount and (2) nature of the item. In evaluating the size of a dollar amount,accountants consider the amount in relation to the size of the organization.Based solely upon dollar amount, $2,500 is not material in relation to the financialstatements of a large, publicly owned corporation. For a small business however,this amount could be material.In addition to considering the size of a dollar amount, accountants must alsoconsider the nature of the item. The nature of an item may make the item“material”to users of the financial statements regardless of its dollar amount.Examples might include bribes paid to government officials, or theft of companyassets or other illegal acts committed by management.In summary, one cannot say whether $2,500 is a material amount. The answerdepends upon the related circumstances.c. Two ways in which the concept of materiality may save time and effort foraccountants are:1. Adjusting entries may be based upon estimated amounts if there is little or nopossibility that the use of an estimate will result in material error. For example,an adjusting entry to reflect the amount of supplies used may be based on anestimate of the cost of supplies remaining on hand.2. Adjusting entries need not be made to accrue immaterial amounts ofunrecorded expenses or unrecorded revenue. For example, no adjusting entriesnormally are made to record utility expense payable at year-end.Ex. 4–10 a. None (or Materiality). Accounting for immaterial items is not “wrong”or a “violation” of generally accepted accounting principles; it is merely a waste of time.The bookkeeperis failing to take advantage of the concept of materiality, which permits chargingimmaterial costs directly to expense, thus eliminating the need to recorddepreciation in later periods.b. Matching.c. Realization.Ex. 4–11 a. Accounts likely to have required an adjusting entry are:1. Investments2. Accounts Receivable3. Inventories4. Prepaid Expenses5. Deferred Income Taxes6. Buildings7. Machinery and Equipment8. Intangible Assets9. Accounts Payable10. Accrued Liabilities11. Income Taxes Payable12. Deferred Compensation and Other LiabilitiesNote to the Instructor: The adjustments required for many of the accounts listedabove are discussed in subsequent chapters. Some are beyond the scope of anintroductory course.SOLUTIONS TO PROBLEMS20 Minutes, Easy PROBLEM 4–1FLORIDA PALMS COUNTRY CLUBPROBLEM 4–1FLORIDA PALMS COUNTRY CLUB (concluded)b.1. Accruing unpaid expenses.2. Accruing uncollected revenue.3. Converting liabilities to revenue.4. Converting assets to expenses.5. Accruing unpaid expenses.6. Converting assets to expenses.7. No adjusting entry required.8. Accruing unpaid expenses.c. The clubhouse was built in 1925 and has been fully depreciated for financial accountingpurposes. The net book value of an asset reported in the balance sheet does not reflect the asset’s fair market value. Likewise, depreciation expense reported in the income statement does not reflect a decline in fair market value, physical obsolescence, or wear-and-tear.40 Minutes, Medium PROBLEM 4–2ENCHANTED FORESTPROBLEM 4–2ENCHANTED FOREST (concluded)b.1. Accruing uncollected revenue.2. Accruing unpaid expenses.3. Converting assets to expenses.4. No adjusting entry required.5. Accruing unpaid expenses.6. Accruing uncollected revenue.7. Converting liabilities to revenue.8. Accruing unpaid expenses.9. Accruing unpaid expenses.c.Income Statement Balance SheetAdjustment Revenue Expenses =NetIncome Assets = Liabilities +Owners’Equity1. I NE I I NE I2. NE I D NE I D3. NE I D D NE D4. NE NE NE NE NE NE5. NE I D NE I D6. I NE I I NE I7. I NE I NE D I8. NE I D NE I D9. NE I D NE I Dd. $340 ($12,000 x 0.85% x 4/12)e. Original cost of buildings .......................................................................................$600,000Accumulated depreciation: buildings (prior to adjusting entry 3 inpart a) ...........................................................................................................................$310,000 December depreciation expense from part a ..................................................2,000Accumulated depreciation, buildings, 12/31 ...................................................(312,000) Net book value at December 31 ..........................................................................$288,00025 Minutes, Strong PROBLEM 4–3SEA CATa. (1) Age of the catamaran in months = accumulated depreciation÷monthly depreciation.Useful life is given as 10 years, or 120 months.Cost $46,200 ÷ 120 months = $385 monthly depreciation expense.Accumulated depreciation of $9,240 ÷ $385 monthly depreciation = 24 months.(2) Tickets used in June (14)5Tickets outstanding on June 30 ($825÷ $15) (55)Tickets sold to resort hotel on June 1 (20)(3) Prepaid rent of $6,000 ÷ 5 months remaining = $1,200 monthly rentalexpense.(4) $1,400 x 12/8 = $2,100 original cost.Since 4 months of the 12-month life of the policy have expired, the $1,400 ofunexpired insurance applies to the remaining 8 months. This indicates a monthly costof $175, computed as $1,400 ÷ 8. Therefore, the 12-month policy originally cost$2,100, or 12 x $175.30 Minutes, Medium PROBLEM 4–4CAMPUS THEATERPROBLEM 4–4CAMPUS THEATER (concluded)b. (1) Eight months (bills received January through August). Utilities bills are recorded asmonthly bills are received. As of August 31, eight monthly bills should have beenreceived.(2) Seven months (January through July). Depreciation expense is recorded only inmonth-end adjusting entries. Thus, depreciation for August is not included in theAugust unadjusted trial balance.(3) Twenty months ($14,000 $700 per month).c. Corporations must pay their income taxes in several installment payments throughout theyear. The balance in the Income Taxes Expense account represents the total amount ofincome taxes expense recognized since the beginning of the year. But Income TaxesPayable represents only the portion of this expense that has not yet been paid. In theexample at hand, the $4,740 in income taxes payable probably represents only the income taxes expense accrued in July, as Pickwood should have paid taxes accrued in the first two quarters by June 15.50 Minutes, Strong PROBLEM 4–5KEN HENSLEY ENTERPRISES, INC.PROBLEM 4–5KEN HENSLEY ENTERPRISES, INC. (continued)c. Monthly rent expense for the last two months of 2002 was $2,000 ($6,000 ÷ 3 months). The$21,000 rent expense shown in the studio’s trial balance includes a $2,000 rent expense for November, which means that total rent expense for January through October was $19,000 ($21,000 - $2,000). The monthly rent expense in these months must have been $1,900($19,000 ÷ 10 months). Thus, it appears that the studio’s monthly rent increased by $100 (from $1,900 to $2,000) in November and December.15 Minutes, Medium PROBLEM 4–6KOYNE CORPORATION。

公司理财罗斯英文原书第九版第一章

Agency
problem
of interest between principal and agent
Conflict
1-20
Managerial Goals

Managerial goals may be different from shareholder goals

Expensive perquisites Survival Independence

Increased growth and size are not necessarily equivalent to increased shareholder wealth
1-21
Managing Managers
Managerial
Incentives
compensation
can be used to align management and stockholder interests The incentives need to be structured carefully to make sure that they achieve their intended goal
1-3
Balance Sheet Model of the Firm
Total Value of Assets: Total Firm Value to Investors:
Current Liabilities Long-Term Debt Fixed Assets 1 Tangible Shareholders’ Equity
1-2
1.1 What Is Corporate Finance?
Corporate Finance addresses the following three questions:

英语作文关于毕业后当

英语作文关于毕业后当英文回答：Graduation marks a pivotal transition in life where individuals embark on a new chapter, often filled with both excitement and uncertainty. As we reflect on our time in higher education, we may wonder about the paths that lie ahead and how we can navigate them successfully. To address this multifaceted question, I will explore several key factors to consider when envisioning life after graduation.Career Path:One of the most pressing concerns for graduates istheir career trajectory. Many students enter college with a general idea of their desired profession, but it is not uncommon for our aspirations to evolve throughout our academic journey. It is crucial to conduct thorough research, explore different industries, and network with professionals in fields that interest us. This will help usrefine our career goals and develop a roadmap for achieving them. Whether pursuing graduate school, entering the job market, or starting our own business, it is essential to be proactive in crafting a meaningful career path that aligns with our skills, interests, and aspirations.Financial Planning:Financial stability is a cornerstone of a fulfilling life after graduation. Graduates should prioritize budgeting, managing debt, and investing for the future. It is advisable to create a budget that outlines our income and expenses to ensure responsible financial decision-making. Additionally, exploring debt consolidation options and seeking professional financial advice can help us manage any outstanding student loans or other financial obligations. By taking control of our financial situation, we can lay the groundwork for long-term financial well-being.Personal Growth and Development:Graduation is not just an academic milestone; it is also an opportunity for personal growth and development. With newfound independence and the completion of our formal education, we have the chance to pursue our passions, explore new hobbies, and expand our knowledge and skills. Whether it is learning a new language, volunteering for a cause we care about, or developing a new talent, embracing opportunities for personal enrichment will help us become well-rounded individuals who are constantly evolving and growing.Finding Your Purpose:Beyond career and financial considerations, graduates should also reflect on their purpose in life. What are our core values? What kind of impact do we want to make on the world? It is essential to take time for self-reflection and identify what truly motivates and inspires us. By connecting our work and personal life with our passions and beliefs, we can lead a more fulfilling and meaningful life after graduation.Staying Connected:As we move on from our college years, it is important to maintain strong connections with our classmates, professors, and mentors. These relationships can provide valuable support, advice, and opportunities in our post-graduation endeavors. Attending alumni events, joining professional organizations, and staying in touch with former classmates will help us build a network of individuals who can help us navigate the challenges and celebrate the successes of life after graduation.Adaptability and Resilience:The road after graduation is rarely a straight path. Graduates should be prepared to adapt to unforeseen circumstances and embrace resilience in the face of challenges. By developing a strong work ethic, cultivating a positive mindset, and seeking support from our network, we can overcome obstacles and navigate the inevitable ups and downs of post-graduation life.中文回答：毕业后的人生规划。