机械工程专业英语教程 (第5版)课件 (68)[10页]

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机械工程专业英语教程 (第5版)课件 (63)[10页]

《机械工程专业英语教程》
Mechanical grippers 机械夹持器
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Hydraulic actuators utilize high-pressure fluid such as oil to transmit forces to the point of application desired. A hydraulic actuator is very similar in appearance to that of pneumatic actuator. Hydraulic actuators are designed to operate at much higher pressure (typically between 7 and 17 MPa). They are
• Examples: Gripper, nut runner, welding gun, spray gun
• 末端执行器为使机器人完成其任务而专门设计并安装在机械接口处的装置。
• 示例：夹持器，扳手，焊枪，喷枪
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《机械工程专业英语教程》
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Robot system system comprising robot(s), end effector(s) and any machinery, equipment, devices, or sensors supporting the robot performing its task

机械工程专业英语教程 (第5版)课件 (45)[9页]

3. The degree of success obtained in achieving a favorable
relationship with the public 公共关系成效：在与公众建立一种有利的关系中获得的成功的程度
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《机械工程专业英语教程》
Text tour
The engineering department designs, produces, and tests the first model of a new product.[1] These first models are called prototypes. In the engineering department, scientists conduct tests and experiments on new materials like plastics, ceramics, and metal alloys. 1. engineering department 意为“工程部门，工程设计部门 ”。这二句可译为：工程设计部门对新产品的第一台样机进行设计、生产和试验。这些第一批的样机称为原型机。
which later stages are based or judged. • 原型：一种原初的样式、形式或例证，是作为其后期阶段
的基础的模型。
• Trademark

机械工程专业英语教程 (第5版)课件 (52)[10页]

1. An assurance by the seller of property that the goods or property
are as represented or will be as promised. 保证：货物卖主所作的货物同样品无差别或与许诺相同的保证。
2. A guarantee given to the purchaser by a company stating that a
1．under certain stated conditions 意为“在某些规定的条件下”。全句可译为：
这个定义的内在含义是在某些规定的条件下或环境中，以及在一个规定的时间长度内来实现其功能。
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《机械工程专业英语教程》
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That is, reliability may also be viewed as meeting requirements, the first time and every time. Products may have quality yet not have reliability. Products with reliability will have quality as an
Consistency, via such techniques as statistical process control (SPC), is the key to creating products that can be tested and demonstrated as being reliable.[5] 5．statistical process control 意为“统计过程控制”。全句可译为：通过诸如统计过程控制这类技术所获得的一致性是制造产品的关键，产品的可靠性可以通过试验来证实。

机械工程专业英语教程 (第5版)课件 (29)[8页]

计算机图形学在工程技术领域的应用几乎没有任何限制，大部分可以铅笔完成的图解方法都可以用计算机完成，而且通常效率更高。其应用从建立三维模型和有限元分析，直到绘制平面图和进行数字计算。
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These systems offer many advantages over traditional design and manufacturing systems, including less design effort, more efficient material use, reduced lead time, greater
Lesson 32 Computer in Design and Graphics • Terminology • Text tour
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《机械工程专业英语教程》
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Terminology
• Plotter • A computer output device that draws graphs or pictures, usually by
计算机在工程和相关领域中得到了广泛应用，而这种应用预计会得到越来越快的发展。工程技术专业的学生们应该通晓计算机，了解计算机的用途和它们的优点，不这样做，就会使学生们在他们将来的职业生涯中处于非常不利的地位。
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采用上述观点看问题，工程研究应该致力于消除将已知技术快速商品化的障碍。工作的重点是产品的质量和可靠性，这些在当今的顾客的头脑中是最重要的。
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《机械工程专业英语教程》
Central to the process of improving reliability and lowering costs is the intensive and widespread use of design software, which allows engineers to speed up every stage of the design process. Shortening each stage, however, may not sufficiently reduce the time required for the entire process.
出产品和服务优势。
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《机械工程专业英语教程》
Text tour
Shorter product development cycles are also beneficial in an engineering world in which both capital and labor are global. People who can design and manufacture various products can be found anywhere in the world, but containing a new

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《机械工程专业英语教程》
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Plowback
Reinvestment of profits in the business that earned them 利润再投资：在商业中赚取利润的再投资
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《机械工程专业英语教程》
Text tour
A manufacturing enterprise is a factory-based, profit-making organization. Business enterprises, also called companies, firms, and corporations, can be small or large. They have in common a willingness to assume risks.[1] 1．assume risk 意为“承担风险”。全句可译为：它们共同的特点是愿意承担风险。
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《机械工程专业英语教程》
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Profit is an excess that allows the payment of dividends to owners and shareholders, the purchase of new equipment and plants, and the payment of taxes.[2] 2．excess 意为“超出额，超出量”，这里指“收入超出成本的数额”。全句可译为：

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《机械工程专业英语教程》
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Lawn-mower 割草机，草坪修剪机
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《机械工程专业英语教程》
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Crankcase The metal case enclosing the crankshaft and associated parts in a reciprocating engine 曲轴箱：在往复式发动机内装有曲轴和相关部件的金属箱体。
2. A force that resists the relative motion or tendency to such motion of two bodies in contact. 摩擦力：一种阻碍两个相接触物体之间产生相对位置移动的力。
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《机械工程专业英语教程》
mechanical advantage 机械效益
because no work takes place. [2]
2. mechanical advantage意为“机械效益”，lost energy意为“损失的能量”。这两句可译为：在一台机器中，运动零件之间的摩擦是有害的，因为它会降低这个装置的机械效益。因为摩擦所产生的热量不做功，它是被损失的能量。
Piston 活塞
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《机械工程专业英语教程》

机械工程专业英语教程 (第5版)课件 (28)[11页]

可以利用自然法则或物质的性能（例如柔性、强度、重力、惯性、浮力、离心力、杠杆原理和斜面原理、摩擦、粘性、流体压力和热膨胀），和许多电学、光学和化学现象来满足一台机器的设计要求。
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Hale Waihona Puke Baidu
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《机械工程专业英语教程》
On components subjected to fluctuating stress, particular attention is given to a reduction in stress concentration, and to an increase of strength at fillets, threads, holes, and fits. Stress reductions are made by modification in shape, and strengthening may be done by prestressing treatments such as surface rolling. Hollow shafts and box sections give a favorable stress distribution, together with stiffness and minimum weight. The stiffness of shafts and other components must be suitable to avoid resonant vibrations[3].

机械工程专业英语教程 (第5版)课件 (51)[10页]

另一方面，如果公众以较低的价格购买了产品，随后表示他们对使用不方便或故障修理费用的不满，是否会长期地给这家公司的其它产品带来设计质量不好和工艺质量低劣的声誉呢？
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《机械工程专业英语教程》
For, if the equipment is expensive, the buyer is likely to have a staff of engineers or outside consultants who are able to assess the cost trade-offs and determine their impact on the buyer’s operations. With the robot, for example, a trade-off must be made between purchase price and production lost through
对于不同种类的设备或系统，可靠性要求可能会有很大的差异。它们有时由设计人员制订，但更多的时候是由负责设计的公司制订。在另外一些场合，这种要求可能是由产品购买者强行规定的，有时第三者如保险承保人
或者政府机构也可能起很大作用。
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《机械工程专业英语教程》
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ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
The reliability requirements for an air conditioner may depend to a great extent on consumer psychology. To what extent will the buyer be willing to pay a higher price in order to save later repair or replacement costs? The price is obvious, but how will the reliability be impressed on the general public: by information and advertising about the air conditioner’s features, or by the

机械工程专业英语教程 (第5版)课件 (23)[9页]

Lesson 26 Dimensional Tolerance
• Terminology • Text tour
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《机械工程专业英语教程》
源自文库
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Terminology
Ambiguity Doubtfulness or uncertainty as regards interpretation 模糊不清，不明确：解释有疑问或不确定.
Unilateral Of, on, relating to, involving, or affecting only one side 单方面的，单边的：属于、在、有关、包含或影响仅一边的
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《机械工程专业英语教程》
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Bilateral
1. Having or formed of two sides, two-sided. 双边的：有或形成两边的, 有两面的 2. Affecting or undertaken by two sides equally, binding on
要使产品能够以较低的成本被生产出来并且能够达到预期的要求，规定适当的加工公差是最为重要的工作。公差的大小是由设计人员所确定的，它取决于许多与设计有关的条件以及过去在设计类似产品时所获得的经验（如果有这方面经验的话）。
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《机械工程专业英语教程》

机械工程专业英语教程 (第5版)课件 (49)[10页]

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《机械工程专业英语教程》
There is a certain amount of variability in every product; consequently, no two products are ever identical. For example, the thicknesses of the blades on a jet turbine engine impeller are not identical even on the same impeller.[5]
5. jet turbine engine impeller 意为“喷气涡轮发动机叶轮”。全句可译为：
例如，喷气涡轮发动机叶轮上的叶片的厚度，即使对于在同一个叶轮上的叶片也是不完全一样的。
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《机械工程专业英语教程》
Consumers feel that the products of certain companies are substantially better in quality than those of their competition, and make purchasing decisions accordingly. Effective quality-improvement programs can result in increased market penetration, higher productivity, and lower overall costs of manufacturing and service.[6]

机械工程专业英语教程 (第5版)课件 (25)[9页]

uniform level of accuracy within a given grade 标准公差（IT）等级：一系列随基本尺寸变化，并在规定等级内提供相同精度的公差。
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《机械工程专业英语教程》
Text tour
Today’s technology requires that parts be specified with increasingly exact dimensions. Many parts made by different companies at widely separated locations must be interchangeable, which requires precise size specifications and production.
(variation in size) of 0.10 mm.
给零件标注尺寸使其在一个规定的区间内变动，以保证它们具有互换性的技术称为公差技术。允许每个尺寸在规定范围内具有的一定的变动量，称为公差。例如，一个零件的尺寸可以被表示成20±0.05，其公差（尺寸变动量）为 0.10 mm。
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for shafts.
公差符号：字母数字符号给出了公差与配合的技术要求，基本尺寸是一个数字，后面跟着表示基本偏差的字母和表示IT等级的数字。它们共同决定了公差带的大小和位置。大写字母代表孔的基本偏差，小写字母代表轴的基本偏差。

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• Scrap Discarded waste material, especially metal suitable for reprocessing. 废料，切屑：被丢弃的废物，尤指可以回收的废金属
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《机械工程专业பைடு நூலகம்语教程》
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Fixture
A device for guiding a cutting tool or for holding work in place 夹具：导引刀具或使工件固定在适当位置上的装置
removed.
零件的机械加工是通过去除其毛坯上不需要的部分而实现的。因此，机械加工费用主要取决于零件毛坯的成本和形状、需要去除的材料的数量和形状以及零件的精度。
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《机械工程专业英语教程》
What are the major dimensions of the component? This factor helps determine what size machines of each type will be required to manufacture the component. Each machine in a manufacturing facility has a different cost for use, depending on the initial cost of

机械工程专业英语教程 (第5版)课件 (8)[10页]

• 摩擦学： • 研究处于相对运动中的相互作用的表面之间的摩擦、润
滑和磨损等机理的科学。
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Text tour
• Figure 8.1a shows a common single-row, deep groove ball
bearing. The bearing consists of an inner ring, an outer ring, the balls and the separator. To increase the contact area and hence permit larger loads to be carried, the balls run in curvilinear
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Owing to the cyclic stresses developed at bearing contact surface during operation, a predominant form of failure should be metal fatigue, and a good deal of work is currently in progress intended to improve the reliability of this type of bearing. Design can be based on accepted values of life and it is general practice in the bearing industry to define the load capacity of the bearing as that value below which 90 per cent of a batch will exceed a life of one

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《机械工程专业英语教程》
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• Plasma • An electrically neutral, highly ionized gas composed of ions,
electrons, and neutral particles. It is a phase of matter distinct from solids, liquids, and normal gases.
• 等离子体：由离子、电子和中性粒子组成的电中性的、高度离子化的气体，它是与固体、液体和正常气体相区别的一种物质状态。
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on-line measurement 在线测量
4 《机械工程专业英语教程》
Text tour
The human race has distinguished itself from all other forms of life by using tools and intelligence to create items that serve to make life easier and more enjoyable. Through the centuries, both the tools and the energy sources to power these tools have evolved to meet the increasing sophistication and complexity of

机械工程专业英语教程 (第5版)课件 (48)[7页]

质量保证包括了为使人们确信某种产品或服务质量能够满足规定的要求所必需的有计划、有系统的全部活动。这些活动的目标是给人们提供对质量体系能够正常工作的信任，而且包括对设计方案和技术要求妥善性的评价或者对生产作业
能力的审核。
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《机械工程专业英语教程》
Quality control comprises the operational techniques and activities that sustain a quality of product or service so that the product will satisfy given needs. The quality control function is closest to the product in that various techniques and activities are used to monitor the process and to pursue the elimination of unsatisfactory sources of quality performance.
inspection situation.
所有的检验和(或)测量过程都可以依据它们的准确度和重复精度来确定范围，这与采用精确度和重复精度来评价制造过程是一样的。对于每种方法适宜性的评价是基于在规定的检验工作中，应用这种方法所产生的标准偏差或置信水平做出的。

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Appendix A collection of supplementary material, usually at the end of a book • 附录：通常位于书末尾处的补充材料
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《机械工程专业英语教程》
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Text tour
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
Communication of your ideas and results is a very important aspect of engineering. Many engineering students picture themselves in professional practice spending most of their time doing calculations of a nature similar to those they have done as students. Fortunately, this is seldom the case.[1]
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《机械工程专业英语教程》
The following suggestions are presented as a guide to technical writing and an aid in avoiding some of the most common mistakes.
1. picture这里指“构想，构思，想象”，seldom the case意为“很罕见，并不多见”。这三句可译为：拿出你的想法和成果与别人进行交流是工程中非常重要的方面。许多工科学生想象当他们将来从事专业技术工作时，也会花费大量的时间进行类似于他们当学生时所作的计算工作。幸运的是，这种现象并不多见。
下面提出的建议可以在技术写作方面帮助人们避免一些最常见的错误。
Emphasize important information, beware of the common error of burying it under a mass of details.[3]
3. a mass of 意为“大量的”。这句可译为：对重要信息要进行强调，谨防将其混入到大量的细节之中。
Fact vs. Opinion Separate fact from opinion. It is important for the reader to know what your contributions are, what ideas you obtained from others (the references should indicate that), and
since most Abstracts are less than 250 words.[5]
• 5. as such意为 “因而，正因为如此”。这几句可译为：摘要应该完整、简明地将整篇报告的精华介绍出来，正因为如此，它总是最后写成的。它应该包括对主题的简要介绍（一个句子），对问题的陈述，着重介绍结果（如果可能的话，要定量）和主要的结论。它必须在不引用图或表的情况下独立存在。由于大多数摘要中的单词少于250个，采用简明、
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• An Abstract must be a complete, concise distillation of the full report, and, as such, should always be written last. It should include a brief (one sentence) introduction to the subject, a statement of the problem, highlights of the results (quantitative, if possible), and major conclusions. It must stand alone without citing figures or tables. A concise, clear approach is essential,
important for the engineering student to develop his or her communication skills.[2]
2. usual form of presentation意为“常见的表现形式”， communication skill意为“沟通能力，交流能力，表达能力”。这三句可译为：当你的设计完成之后，通常需要将设计结果展示给你的客户、同行或者雇主。常见的表现形式是一篇正式的技术报告。因此，对于工科学生来说，提高其表达能力是非常重要的。
Lesson 78 How to Write a Technical Report
• Terminology
• Text tour
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《机械工程专业英语教程》
1
Terminology
• Substantiate • 1. To support with proof or evidence; verify • 证实，证明 • 2. To give material form to, embody • 使具体化
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《机械工程专业英语教程》
3
When your design is done, it is usually necessary to present
the results to your client, peers, or employer. The usual form
of presentation is a formal technical report. Thus, it is very
which are opinions not substantiated by fact.[4]
4. contribution这里指“工作成果，技术成果”。这二句可译为：要把事实与观点分开。对于读者来说，重要的是知道你的技术成果是什么，哪些想法是你从别人那里得到的（参考文献表明了这一点），哪些是还没有得到事实证明的观点。