Soft and Hard Magnetic Materials
有色金属专业英语词汇
有色金属专业英语词汇钢铁的制造Manufacturing of Steel连续铸造法Continuous casting process电炉Electric furnace均热炉Soaking pit全静钢Killed steel半静钢Semi-killed steel沸腾钢(未净钢) Rimmed steel钢铁生产流程Steel Production Flow Chart钢材的熔铸、锻造、挤压及延轧The Casting, Fogging, Extrusion, Rolling & Steel熔铸Casting锻造Fogging挤压Extrusion延轧Rolling冲剪Drawing & stamping特殊钢Special Steel简介General特殊钢以原素分类Classification of Special Steel according to Element特殊钢以用途来分类Classification of Special Steel according to End Usage 易车(快削)不锈钢Free Cutting Stainless Steel含铅易车钢Leaded Free Cutting Steel含硫易车钢Sulphuric Free Cutting Steel硬化性能Hardenability钢的脆性Brittleness of Steel低温脆性Cold brittleness回火脆性Temper brittleness日工标准下的特殊钢材Specail Steel according to JIS Standard铬钢–日工标准JIS G4104Chrome steel to JIS G4104铬钼钢钢材–日工标准G4105 62Chrome Molybdenum steel to JIS G4105镍铬–日工标准G4102 63Chrome Nickel steel to JIS G4102镍铬钼钢–日工标准G4103 64Nickel, Chrome & Molybdenum Steel to JIS G4103高锰钢铸–日工标准High manganese steel to JIS standard片及板材Chapter Four-Strip, Steel & Plate冷辘低碳钢片(双单光片)(日工标准JIS G3141) 73 - 95Cold Rolled (Low carbon) Steel Strip (to JIS G 3141)简介General美材试标准的冷辘低碳钢片Cold Rolled Steel Strip American Standard – American Society for testing and materials (ASTM)日工标准JIS G3141冷辘低碳钢片(双单光片)的编号浅释Decoding of cold rolled(Low carbon)steel strip JIS G3141材料的加工性能Drawing abillity硬度Hardness表面处理Surface finish冷辘钢捆片及张片制作流程图表Production flow chart cold rolled steel coil sheet冷辘钢捆片及张片的电镀和印刷方法Cold rolled steel coil & sheet electro-plating & painting method冷辘(低碳)钢片的分类用、途、工业标准、品质、加热状态及硬度表End usages, industrial standard, quality, condition and hardness of cold rolled steel strip 硬度及拉力Hardness & Tensile strength test拉伸测试(顺纹测试)Elongation test杯突测试(厚度: 0.4公厘至1.6公厘，准确至0.1公厘3个试片平均数)Erichsen test (Thickness: 0.4mm to 1.6mm, figure round up to 0.1mm)曲面(假曲率)Camber厚度及阔度公差Tolerance on Thickness & Width平坦度(阔度大于500公厘，标准回火)Flatness (width>500mm, temper: standard)弯度Camber冷辘钢片储存与处理提示General advice on handling & storage of cold rolled steel coil & sheet防止生锈Rust Protection生锈速度表Speed of rusting焊接Welding气焊Gas Welding埋弧焊Submerged-arc Welding电阻焊Resistance Welding冷辘钢片(拉力: 30-32公斤/平方米)在没有表面处理状态下的焊接状况Spot welding conditions for bared (free from paint, oxides etc) Cold rolled mild steel sheets(T/S:30-32 Kgf/ μ m2)时间效应(老化)及拉伸应变Aging & Stretcher Strains日工标准(JIS G3141)冷辘钢片化学成份Chemical composition – cold rolled steel sheet to JIS G3141冷辘钢片的"理论重量"计算方程式Cold Rolled Steel Sheet – Theoretical mass日工标准(JIS G3141)冷辘钢片重量列表Mass of Cold-Rolled Steel Sheet to JIS G3141冷辘钢片订货需知Ordering of cold rolled steel strip/sheet其它日工标准冷轧钢片(用途及编号)JIS standard & application of other cold Rolled Special Steel电镀锌钢片或电解钢片Electro-galvanized Steel Sheet/Electrolytic Zinc Coated Steel Sheet简介General电解/电镀锌大大增强钢片的防锈能力Galvanic Action improving Weather & Corrosion Resistance of the Base Steel Sheet上漆能力Paint Adhesion电镀锌钢片的焊接Welding of Electro-galvanized steel sheet点焊Spot welding滚焊Seam welding电镀锌(电解)钢片Electro-galvanized Steel Sheet生产流程Production Flow Chart常用的镀锌钢片(电解片)的基层金属、用途、日工标准、美材标准及一般厚度Base metal, application, JIS & ASTM standard, and Normal thickness of galvanized steel sheet锌镀层质量Zinc Coating Mass表面处理Surface Treatment冷轧钢片Cold-Rolled Steel Sheet/Strip热轧钢片Hot-Rolled Sheet/Strip电解冷轧钢片厚度公差Thickness Tolerance of Electrolytic Cold-rolled sheet热轧钢片厚度公差Thickness Tolerance of Hot-rolled sheet冷轧或热轧钢片阔度公差Width Tolerance of Cold or Hot-rolled sheet长度公差Length Tolerance理论质量Theoretical Mass锌镀层质量(两个相同锌镀层厚度)Mass Calculation of coating (For equal coating)/MM锌镀层质量(两个不同锌镀层厚度)Mass Calculation of coating (For differential coating)/MM镀锡薄铁片(白铁皮/马口铁) (日工标准JIS G3303)简介General镀锡薄铁片的构造Construction of Electrolytic Tinplate镀锡薄钢片(白铁皮/马日铁)制造过程Production Process of Electrolytic Tinplate锡层质量Mass of Tin Coating (JIS G3303-1987)两面均等锡层Both Side Equally Coated Mass两面不均等锡层Both Side Different Thickness Coated Mass级别、电镀方法、镀层质量及常用称号Grade, Plating type, Designation of Coating Mass & Common Coating Mass 镀层质量标记Markings & Designations of Differential Coatings硬度Hardness单相轧压镀锡薄铁片(白铁皮/马口铁)Single-Reduced Tinplate双相辗压镀锡薄钢片(马口铁/白铁皮)Dual-Reduction Tinplate钢的种类Type of Steel表面处理Surface Finish常用尺寸Commonly Used Size电器用硅[硅] 钢片Electrical Steel Sheet简介General软磁材料Soft Magnetic Material滞后回线Narrow Hystersis矫顽磁力Coercive Force硬磁材料Hard Magnetic Material最大能量积Maximum Energy Product硅含量对电器用的低碳钢片的最大好处The Advantage of Using Silicon low Carbon Steel晶粒取向(Grain-Oriented)及非晶粒取向(Non-Oriented)Grain Oriented & Non-Oriented电器用硅[硅] 钢片的最终用途及规格End Usage and Designations of Electrical Steel Strip电器用的硅[硅] 钢片之分类Classification of Silicon Steel Sheet for Electrical Use电器用钢片的绝缘涂层Performance of Surface Insulation of Electrical Steel Sheets晶粒取向电器用硅钢片主要工业标准International Standard – Grain-Oriented Electrical Steel Silicon Steel Sheet for Electrical Use晶粒取向电器用硅钢片Grain-Oriented Electrical Steel晶粒取向，定取向芯钢片及高硼定取向芯钢片之磁力性能及夹层系数(日工标准及美材标准)Magnetic Properties and Lamination Factor of SI-ORIENT-CORE& SI-ORIENT-CORE-HI B Electrical Steel Strip (JIS and AISI Standard)退火Annealing电器用钢片用家需自行应力退火原因Annealing of the Electrical Steel Sheet退火时注意事项Annealing Precautionary碳污染Prevent Carbon Contamination热力应先从工件边缘透入Heat from the Laminated Stacks Edges提防过份氧化No Excessive Oxidation应力退火温度Stress –relieving Annealing Temperature晶粒取向电器用硅[硅] 钢片–高硼(HI-B)定取向芯钢片及定取向芯钢片之机械性能及夹层系数Mechanical Properties and Lamination Factors of SI-ORIENT-CORE-HI-B and SI-ORIENT-CORE Grain Orient Electrical Steel Sheets晶粒取向电器用硅[硅] 钢;片–高硼低硫(LS)定取向钢片之磁力及电力性能Magnetic and Electrical Properties of SI-ORIENT-CORE-HI-B-LS晶粒取向电器用硅[硅] 钢片–高硼低硫(LS) 定取向钢片之机械性能及夹层系数Mechanical Properties and Lamination Factors of SI-ORIENT-CORE-HI-B-LS晶粒取向电器用硅(硅)钢片-高硼(HI-B)定取向芯钢片，定取向芯钢片及高硼低硫(LS)定取向芯钢片之厚度及阔度公差Physical T olerance of SI-ORIENT-CORE-HI-B, SI-ORIENT-CORE, & SI-CORE-HI-B-LS GrainOriented Electrical Steel Sheets晶粒取向电器用硅(硅)钢片–高硼(HI-B)定取向芯钢片，定取向芯钢片及高硼低硫(LS)定取向芯钢片之标准尺寸及包装Standard Forms and Size of SI-ORIENT-CORE-HI-B,SI-CORE, & SI-ORIENT-CORE-HI-B-LS Grain-Oriented Electrical Steel Sheets绝缘表面Surface Insulation非晶粒取向电力用钢片的电力、磁力、机械性能及夹层系数Lamination Factors of Electrical, Magnetic & Mechanical Non-Grain Oriented Electrical电器及家电外壳用镀层冷辘[低碳] 钢片Coated (Low Carbon) Steel Sheets for Casing,Electricals & Home Appliances镀铝硅钢片Aluminized Silicon Alloy Steel Sheet简介General镀铝硅合金钢片的特色Feature of Aluminized Silicon Alloy Steel Sheet用途End Usages抗化学品能力Chemical Resistance镀铝(硅)钢片–日工标准(JIS G3314)Hot-aluminum-coated sheets and coils to JIS G 3314镀铝(硅)钢片–美材试标准(ASTM A-463-77)35.7 JIS G3314镀热浸铝片的机械性能Mechanical Properties of JIS G 3314 Hot-Dip Aluminum-coated Sheets and Coils公差Size Tolerance镀铝(硅)钢片及其它种类钢片的抗腐蚀性能比较Comparsion of various resistance of aluminized steel & other kinds of steel镀铝(硅)钢片生产流程Aluminum Steel Sheet, Production Flow Chart焊接能力Weldability镀铝钢片的焊接状态(比较冷辘钢片)Tips on welding of Aluminized sheet in comparasion with cold rolled steel strip钢板Steel Plate钢板用途分类及各国钢板的工业标准包括日工标准及美材试标准Type of steel Plate & Related JIS, ASTM and Other Major Industrial Standards钢板生产流程Production Flow Chart钢板订货需知Ordering of Steel Plate不锈钢Stainless Steel不锈钢的定义Definition of Stainless Steel不锈钢之分类，耐腐蚀性及耐热性Classification, Corrosion Resistant & Heat Resistance of Stainless Steel铁铬系不锈钢片Chrome Stainless Steel马氏体不锈钢Martensite Stainless Steel低碳马氏体不锈钢Low Carbon Martensite Stainless Steel含铁体不锈钢Ferrite Stainless Steel镍铬系不锈钢Nickel Chrome Stainless Steel释出硬化不锈钢Precipitation Hardening Stainless Steel铁锰铝不锈钢Fe / Mn / Al / Stainless Steel不锈钢的磁性Magnetic Property & Stainless Steel不锈钢箔、卷片、片及板之厚度分类Classification of Foil, Strip, Sheet & Plate by Thickness表面保护胶纸Surface protection film不锈钢片材常用代号Designation of SUS Steel Special Use Stainless表面处理Surface finish薄卷片及薄片(0.3至2.9mm厚之片)机械性能Mechanical Properties of Thin Stainless Steel(Thickness from 0.3mm to 2.9mm) –strip/sheet不锈钢片机械性能(301, 304, 631, CSP)Mechanical Properties of Spring use Stainless Steel不锈钢–种类，工业标准，化学成份，特点及主要用途Stainless Steel – Type, Industrial Standard, Chemical Composition, Characteristic & end usage of the most commonly used Stainless Steel不锈钢薄片用途例End Usage of Thinner Gauge不锈钢片、板用途例Examples of End Usages of Strip, Sheet & Plate不锈钢应力退火卷片常用规格名词图解General Specification of T ension Annealed Stainless Steel Strips耐热不锈钢Heat-Resistance Stainless Steel镍铬系耐热不锈钢特性、化学成份、及操作温度Heat-Resistance Stainless Steel铬系耐热钢Chrome Heat Resistance Steel镍铬耐热钢Ni - Cr Heat Resistance Steel超耐热钢Special Heat Resistance Steel抗热超级合金Heat Resistance Super Alloy耐热不锈钢比重表Specific Gravity of Heat – resistance steel plates and sheets stainless steel不锈钢材及耐热钢材标准对照表Stainless and Heat-Resisting Steels高碳钢片High Carbon Steel Strip分类Classification用组织结构分类Classification According to Grain Structure用含碳量分类–即低碳钢、中碳钢及高碳钢Classification According to Carbon Contains弹簧用碳钢片CarbonSteel Strip For Spring Use冷轧状态Cold Rolled Strip回火状态Annealed Strip淬火及回火状态Hardened & Tempered Strip/ Precision – Quenched Steel Strip贝氏体钢片Bainite Steel Strip弹簧用碳钢片材之边缘处理Edge Finished淬火剂Quenching Media碳钢回火Tempering回火有低温回火及高温回火Low & High Temperature Tempering高温回火High Temperature Tempering退火Annealing完全退火Full Annealing扩散退火Diffusion Annealing低温退火Low Temperature Annealing中途退火Process Annealing球化退火Spheroidizing Annealing光辉退火Bright Annealing淬火Quenching时间淬火Time Quenching奥氏铁孻回火Austempering马氏铁体淬火Marquenching高碳钢片用途End Usage of High Carbon Steel Strip冷轧高碳钢–日本工业标准Cold-Rolled (Special Steel) Carbon Steel Strip to JIS G3311 电镀金属钢片Plate Metal Strip简介General电镀金属捆片的优点Advantage of Using Plate Metal Strip金属捆片电镀层Plated Layer of Plated Metal Strip镀镍Nickel Plated镀铬Chrome Plated镀黄铜Brass Plated基层金属Base Metal of Plated Metal Strip低碳钢或铁基层金属Iron & Low Carbon as Base Metal不锈钢基层金属Stainless Steel as Base Metal铜基层金属Copper as Base Metal黄铜基层金属Brass as Base Metal轴承合金Bearing Alloy。
金属材料相关英语词汇(2)
金属材料相关英语词汇(2)金属材料相关英语词汇(2)金属材料相关英语词汇(2)base metal, application, jis astm standard, and normal thickness of galvanized steel sheet锌镀层质量zinc coating mass表面处理surface treatment冷轧钢片cold-rolled steel sheet/strip热轧钢片hot-rolled sheet/strip电解冷轧钢片厚度公差thickness tolerance of electrolytic cold-rolled sheet热轧钢片厚度公差thickness tolerance of hot-rolled sheet冷轧或热轧钢片阔度公差width tolerance of cold or hot-rolled sheet长度公差length tolerance理论质量theoretical mass锌镀层质量(两个相同锌镀层厚度)mass calculation of coating (for equal coating)/mm锌镀层质量(两个不同锌镀层厚度)mass calculation of coating (for differential coating)/mm镀锡薄铁片(白铁皮/马口铁) (日工标准jis g3303)简介general镀锡薄铁片的构造construction of electrolytic tinplate镀锡薄钢片(白铁皮/马日铁)制造过程production process of electrolytic tinplate锡层质量mass of tin coating (jis g3303-1987)两面均等锡层both side equally coated mass两面不均等锡层both side different thickness coated mass级别、电镀方法、镀层质量及常用称号grade, plating type, designation of coating mass common coatingmass镀层质量标记markings designations of differential coatings硬度hardness单相轧压镀锡薄铁片(白铁皮/马口铁)single-reduced tinplate双相辗压镀锡薄钢片(马口铁/白铁皮)dual-reduction tinplate钢的种类type of steel表面处理surface finish常用尺寸commonly used size电器用硅[硅] 钢片electrical steel sheet简介general软磁材料soft magnetic material滞后回线narrow hystersis矫顽磁力coercive force硬磁材料hard magnetic material最大能量积maximum energy product硅含量对电器用的低碳钢片的最大好处the advantage of using silicon low carbon steel晶粒取向(grain-oriented)及非晶粒取向(non-oriented) grain oriented non-oriented电器用硅[硅] 钢片的最终用途及规格end usage and designations of electrical steel strip电器用的硅[硅] 钢片之分类classification of silicon steel sheet for electrical use电器用钢片的绝缘涂层performance of surface insulation of electrical steel sheets晶粒取向电器用硅钢片主要工业标准international standard –grain-oriented electrical steel siliconsteel sheet for electrical use晶粒取向电器用硅钢片grain-oriented electrical steel晶粒取向，定取向芯钢片及高硼定取向芯钢片之磁力性能及夹层系数(日工标准及美材标准)magnetic properties and lamination factor of si-orient-coresi-orient-core-hi b electrical steel strip (jis and aisi standard)退火annealing电器用钢片用家需自行应力退火原因annealing of the electrical steel sheet退火时注意事项annealing precautionary碳污染prevent carbon contamination热力应先从工件边缘透入heat from the laminated stacks edges提防过份氧化no excessive oxidation应力退火温度stress –relieving annealing temperature晶粒取向电器用硅[硅] 钢片–高硼(hi-b)定取向芯钢片及定取向芯钢片之机械性能及夹层系数mechanical properties and lamination factors of si-orient-core-hi-band si-orient-core grain orient electrical steel sheets晶粒取向电器用硅[硅] 钢;片–高硼低硫(ls)定取向钢片之磁力及电力性能magnetic and electrical properties of si-orient-core-hi-b-ls 晶粒取向电器用硅[硅] 钢片–高硼低硫(ls) 定取向钢片之机械性能及夹层系数mechanical properties and lamination factors ofsi-orient-core-hi-b-ls晶粒取向电器用硅(硅)钢片-高硼(hi-b)定取向芯钢片，定取向芯钢片及高硼低硫(ls)定取向芯钢片之厚度及阔度公差physical tolerance of si-orient-core-hi-b, si-orient-core,si-core-hi-b-ls grainoriented electrical steel sheets晶粒取向电器用硅(硅)钢片–高硼(hi-b)定取向芯钢片，定取向芯钢片及高硼低硫(ls)定取向芯钢片之标准尺寸及包装standard forms and size of si-orient-core-hi-b,si-core,si-orient-core-hi-b-ls grain-oriented electrical steel sheets绝缘表面surface insulation非晶粒取向电力用钢片的电力、磁力、机械性能及夹层系数lamination factors of electrical, magnetic mechanical non-grainoriented electrical电器及家电外壳用镀层冷辘[低碳] 钢片coated (low carbon) steel sheets for casing,electricals homeappliances镀铝硅钢片aluminized silicon alloy steel sheet简介general镀铝硅合金钢片的特色feature of aluminized silicon alloy steel sheet用途end usages抗化学品能力chemical resistance镀铝(硅)钢片–日工标准(jis g3314)hot-aluminum-coated sheets and coils to jis g 3314镀铝(硅)钢片–美材试标准(astm a-463-77)35.7 jis g3314镀热浸铝片的机械性能mechanical properties of jis g 3314 hot-dip aluminum-coated sheetsand coils公差size tolerance镀铝(硅)钢片及其它种类钢片的抗腐蚀性能比较comparsion of various resistance of aluminized steel other kindsof steel镀铝(硅)钢片生产流程aluminum steel sheet, production flow chart焊接能力weldability镀铝钢片的焊接状态(比较冷辘钢片)tips on welding of aluminized sheet in comparasion with cold rolledsteel strip钢板steel plate钢板用途分类及各国钢板的工业标准包括日工标准及美材试标准type of steel plate related jis, astm and other major industrialstandards钢板生产流程production flow chart钢板订货需知ordering of steel plate不锈钢stainless steel不锈钢的定义definition of stainless steel不锈钢之分类，耐腐蚀性及耐热性classification, corrosion resistant heat resistance of stainlesssteel铁铬系不锈钢片chrome stainless steel马氏体不锈钢martensite stainless steel低碳马氏体不锈钢low carbon martensite stainless steel含铁体不锈钢ferrite stainless steel镍铬系不锈钢nickel chrome stainless steel释出硬化不锈钢precipitation hardening stainless steel铁锰铝不锈钢fe / mn / al / stainless steel不锈钢的磁性magnetic property stainless steel不锈钢箔、卷片、片及板之厚度分类classification of foil, strip, sheet plate by thickness表面保护胶纸surface protection film不锈钢片材常用代号designation of sus steel special use stainless表面处理surface finish薄卷片及薄片(0.3至2.9mm厚之片)机械性能mechanical properties of thin stainless steel(thickness from 0.3mmto 2.9mm) –strip/sheet不锈钢片机械性能(301, 304, 631, csp)mechanical properties of spring use stainless steel不锈钢–种类，工业标准，化学成份，特点及主要用途stainless steel –type, industrial standard, chemical composition,characteristic end usage of the most commonly usedstainless steel不锈钢薄片用途例end usage of thinner gauge不锈钢片、板用途例examples of end usages of strip, sheet plate不锈钢应力退火卷片常用规格名词图解general specification of tension annealed stainless steel strips耐热不锈钢heat-resistance stainless steel镍铬系耐热不锈钢特性、化学成份、及操作温度heat-resistance stainless steel铬系耐热钢chrome heat resistance steel镍铬耐热钢ni - cr heat resistance steel超耐热钢special heat resistance steel抗热超级合金heat resistance super alloy耐热不锈钢比重表specific gravity of heat –resistance steel plates andsheetsstainless steel不锈钢材及耐热钢材标准对照表stainless and heat-resisting steels发条片power spring strip发条的分类及材料power spring strip classification and materials上链发条wind-up spring倒后擦发条pull back power spring圆面("卜竹")发条convex spring strip拉尺发条measure tape魔术手环magic tape魔术手环尺寸图drawing of magic tap定型发条constant torque spring定型发条及上炼发条的驱动力spring force of constant torque spring and wing-up spring 定型发条的形状及翻动过程shape and spring back of constant torque spring定型发条驱动力公式及代号the formula and symbol of constant torque spring边缘处理edge finish硬度hardness高碳钢化学成份及用途high carbon tool steel, chemical composition and usage 每公斤发条的长度简易公式the length of 1 kg of spring steel stripsk-5 aisi-301 每公斤长的重量/公斤(阔100-200公厘) weight per one meter long(kg) (width 100-200mm)sk-5 aisi-301 每公斤之长度(阔100-200公厘) length per one kg (width100-200mm)sk-5 aisi-301 每公尺长的重量/公斤(阔2.0-10公厘)weight per one meter long (kg) (width 2.0-10mm)sk-5 aisi-301 每公斤之长度(阔2.0-10公厘)length per one kg (width 2.0-10mm)高碳钢片high carbon steel strip分类classification用组织结构分类classification according to grain structure用含碳量分类–即低碳钢、中碳钢及高碳钢classification according to carbon contains金属材料相关英语词汇(2) 相关内容:。
磁性材料
强磁质
M
P316
A
B
Illustration of magnetic ordering in a ferrimagnetic crystal. All Aatoms have their spins aligned in one direction and all Batoms have their spins aligned in the opposite direction. As the magnetic moment of an Aatom is greater than that of a Batom, there is net magnetization, M, in the crystal.
µ m
r
P
B
A magnetic dipole moment puts out a magnetic field just like bar magnet. The field B depends on µm.
磁学基础
orb
r I -e L
A
An orbitting electron is equivalent to a magnetic dipole moment orb.
8.磁畴与磁滞回线
磁畴(Magnetic Domain)理论是用量子理论 从微观上说明铁磁质的磁化机理。所谓磁 畴，是指磁性材料内部的一个个小区域， 每个区域内部包含大量原子，这些原子的 磁矩都象一个个小磁铁那样整齐排列，但 相邻的不同区域之间原子磁矩排列的方向 不同，如图所示。各个磁畴之间的交界面 称为磁畴壁。
I
(b)
I
(a) Consider a long solenoid. With free space as medium inside, the magnetic field is Bo. (b) A material medium inserted into the solenoid develops a magnetization M.
非晶软磁材料的退火处理
非晶软磁材料的退火处理Amorphous soft magnetic materials are widely used in various applications such as transformers, inductors, and magnetic shielding due to their excellent magnetic properties. 非晶软磁材料因其优秀的磁性能，在变压器、电感器和磁屏蔽等各种应用中被广泛使用。
However, the properties of these materials can be enhanced through annealing processes. 但是，通过退火处理，这些材料的性能可以得到提升。
Annealing involves heating the material to a specific temperature and then allowing it to cool slowly in order to relieve internal stresses and soften the material. 退火涉及将材料加热到特定温度，然后让它慢慢冷却，以释放内部应力并软化材料。
One of the key benefits of annealing amorphous soft magnetic materials is the reduction of power loss. 通过退火非晶软磁材料的一个关键好处是减少功率损耗。
During the annealing process, the magnetic domains in the material become more aligned, leading to a reduction in eddy current losses and hysteresis losses. 在退火过程中，材料中的磁畴更加排列整齐，从而减少涡流损耗和磁滞损耗。
电气控制设备英语词汇
1、电气与控制技术load test and short-circuit test 负载试验〔短路试验〕plugging 反接制动与反向intermittent periodic duty 反复短时工作制feedback control 反响控制feedback loop 反响回路luminous intensity 发光强度distributed capacitance 分布电容split phase motor 分相电动机fractional horsepower motor 分马力电动机nonlinear control system 非线性控制系统nonlinear (circuit) element 非线性〔电路〕元件nonlinearity 非线性second class load 二级负荷rated condition 额定工况rated value 额定值short-time duty 短时工作制short circuit current 短路电流short circuit 短路series resonance 串联谐振transducer 传感器〔变换器〕magnetic core 磁心magnetization curve 磁化曲线magnetic field 磁场magnetic field strength 磁场强度magnetic saturation 磁饱和magnetic hysteresis loop 磁滞回线magnetic flux 磁通量magnetic flux density 磁通密度superconductor 超导体uninterrupted duty 持久工作制programmed control 程序控制stepping motor 步进电动机parallel resonance 并联谐振differentiation protection 差动庇护tachogenerator 测速发电机protective circuit 庇护电路open loop control 闭环控制apparent power 表示功率comparator 比较器nominal value 标称值speed governing by frequency convertion 变频调速speed governing by pole changing 变极调速ampere-turns 安匝safety voltage 安然电压semiconductor devices 半导体器件thyristor 半导体开关元件semiconductor 半导体(absolute)magnetic permeability 〔绝对〕磁导率current rating (of cable) [电缆的]载流量breaking capacity (of a switching device or a fuse〕[开关电器的或熔断器的]分断能力auxiliary circuit(of a switching device) [开关电器的]辅助电路alternating component (of a pulsating voltage or current〕[脉动电压或电流的]交流分量direct component〔of a pulsating voltage or current〕脉动电压或电流的]直流分量TTL circuitPI TTL电路PI regulatorPID 调节器PID regulatorPD 调节器PD regulator 调节器main circuit 主电路neutral point 中性点medium frequency 中频active power 有功功率active element 有源元件first class load 一级负荷hard magnetic material 硬磁材料direct control 直接控制direct coupling 直接耦合remote control 遥控sine wave 正弦波rectiffication 整流illuminance 照度operational amplifier 运算放大器load rate 用电负荷率piezoelectric effect 压电效应selector 选择器oxidation stability 氧化不变性couplingMOS 耦合MOS circuit 电路linear control system 线性控制系统linear(circuit)element 线性〔电路〕元件linearity 线性gas protection 瓦斯庇护reactive power 无功功率passive element 无源元件eddy current 涡流synchronous speed 同步转速on-load factor 通电持续率micromotor 微电机differentiator 微分电路regulated power supply 稳压电源voltage stabilizing circuit 稳压电路sequential order of the phases,phase sequence 相序phase 相位〔位相，相角〕phase displacement 相位移temperature rise 温升connection diagram of windings 绕组联结圈winding 绕组servo system 随动系统detuning 掉调distortion 掉真digital integrated circuit 数字集成电路digital display 数字显示digital quantity 数字量capacitive reactance 容抗third class load 三级负荷three-phase and three-wire sysyem 三相三线制three-phase and four-wire system 三相四线制soft magnetic material 软磁材料thermo-electric effect 热电效应thermal stability 热不变性thermistor 热敏电阻servomotor 伺服电动机servo mechanism 伺服机构output 输出input 输入flashover,arc-over 闪络D filp flop D触发器DTL circuit DTL电路logic circuit 逻辑电路excitation 励磁〔激磁〕contravariant 逆变bus,busbar 母线〔汇流排〕continuous control 持续控制continuous system 持续系统interlock 连锁connection symbol 联结组标号torque motor 力矩电动机analog quantity 模拟量potential drop of internal resistance 内阻压降whirling speeds 临界转速full load 满载pulsating current 脉动电流pulsating voltage 脉动电压pulser,pulse generator 脉冲发生器puncture test 耐压试验ideal inductor 抱负电感器ideal resistor 抱负电阻器ideal voltage source 抱负电压源ideal capacitor 抱负电容器ideal current source 抱负电流源ideal amplifier 抱负放大器ideal transformer 抱负变压器temperature classification,thermal stability classification 耐热等级filtering,filtration 滤波discrete system 离散系统zero-sequence protection 零序庇护load,charge 负载〔负荷〕inductosyn 感应同步器induced voltage 感应电压inductive reactance 感抗high frepuency 高频photoelectric effect 光电效应overcurrent protection 过电流庇护overvoltage protection 过电压庇护mains frequency 工频power factor 功率因数constant control system 恒值控制系统phasing 核相〔定相〕glow discharge 辉光放电fundamental wave 基波integrator 积分电路mutual induction 互感应commutation 换向change-over switching 换接parasitic capacitance 寄生电容detector 检测装置relay protection 继电庇护skin effect 集肤效应coercive force 矫顽力demodulation 解调dielectric loss 介质损耗contact voltage 接触电压contact resistance 接触电阻earth fault 接地故障ground device 接地装置resistance of an earthed conductor,earthing resistance 接地电阻cut-off 截止partial discharge 局部放电insulation resistance 绝缘电阻absorptance(absorption ratio) of insulation resistance 绝缘电阻的吸收比step vlotage 跨步电压programmable logic controllers 可编程序控制器no-load test 空载试验noload operation 空载运行open-circuit voltage 开路电压open loop control 开环控制diamagnetism 抗磁性control circuit 控制电器shielded cable 屏蔽电缆gas chromatograph test 气相色谱试验gas conduction 气体导电air gap 气隙signal circuit 信号电路small-power motor 小功率电动机resonance 谐振harmonic 谐波impedance 阻抗optimum control 最优控制autonomous control 自治调节synchro,selsyn 自整角机automatic reclosing equipment 自动重合闸automatic protection device 自动庇护装置automatic control 自动控制automatic control system 自动控制系统automatic regulating system 自动调节系统slip 转差率electric circuit 电路electric current 电流bridge 电桥armature reaction 电枢反响voltage,electric potential difference 电压〔电位差〕electric corona,corona,corona discharge 电晕〔放电〕power supply 电源electric field 电场electromagnetic wave 电磁波electromagnetic induction 电磁感应electromotive force 电动势inductor 电感线圈electric arc 电弧electric spark 电火花electrolytic corrosion 电解腐蚀dielectric 电介质reactance 电抗clearance 电气间隙electronic approach switch 电子接近开关conductance 电导equivalent electric circuit 等效电路earth,ground 地speed regulation,speed governing 调速speed governing system 调速系统range of speed regulation 调速范围speed governing by voltage regulation 调压调速modulation 调制amplitude modulation 调幅frequency modulation 调频2、IEC试验室产物Abrasion test 磨损测试设备Apparatus for burning test (vertical and horizontal) 程度垂直燃烧测试设备Apparatus for production testing of hand tools for live working 手动测试东西Apparatus for winding a flexible pipe 软管弯折试验设备Appliance couplers test equipment (various) 各类测试连接器Automatic & manual production test equipment - for final control 自动/手动产物测试设备- 出厂控制Ball-pressure test apparatus 球压测试装置Bending equipment for conduits 管路弯折设备Bump test 冲击测试Burning test, horiz. 燃烧测试〔程度〕Cable test apparatus (various) 各类线缆测试Draining current measuring equipment 损耗电流测试设备Drip proof test(special) 淋浴测试Drop test 跌落测试Dust chamber 防尘箱Dynamometers 功率计Earth bond resistance tester Earthing resistance test appliance 接地电阻测试设备Electric resistance of non-metallic materials 非金属材料的电阻测试Gauges and similar mechanical checking devices 量规或类似测试装置Electrode arrangements 测试电极装置Flexing test equipment 弯折试验Fume cupboard (protective cabinet) 防护罩Flexing test apparatus for cables 线缆弯折试验装置Flame hoods 燃烧罩Endurance test appliance for plugs 插头寿命测试Equipment for testing refrigerators 冰箱测试设备Endurance test appliance 寿命测试Gauges for appliance inlets Gauges for finished lamps 灯具量规Gauges for lampholders 灯座量规Hot wire ignition test 热丝引燃测试Hipot testers Hot mandrel test apparatus 高压机High voltage test appliance 耐压测试High frequency spark generator 高频火花发生器High current transformers 高电流变送器High current arc ignition test 大电流起弧测试Heating tests 高温测试Heating cabinets 高温试验箱Hand held shower 手持花洒Ground continuity testers 接地电阻测试Gauges for plugs and sockets 插头插座量规Humidity chambers 横湿箱Gauges for starters 策动机量规Impact balls 冲击球Glass vessel for microwave oven testing 微波炉测试的玻璃容器Impact hammers 冲击锤Glow-wire test apparatus 灼热丝测试设备Impact weight apparatus Inductive loads 电感负载Jet nozzles 喷嘴Lampholder testing apparatus (various) 各类灯座测试设备Kit bunsen burner/ needle flame test 燃烧测试套件〔本申/ 针焰〕Leakage current test appliance 泄露电流测试设备Laboratory power supply with isolation and regulation 可控别离尝试室电源Loading weights (various) 各类负重Laboratory stablized power supply unit 稳压源Luminaries testing equipment (various) 照明测试设备Measuring equipment for testing switches and socket-outlets (with DPM) 测试开关和插头插座测试设备Megohmeter 兆欧表Mechanical resistance testing apparatus for el. Irons Mechanismus for burning tests (vert. And horiz.) 程度或垂直燃烧机架Needle flame burners 针焰燃烧东西Needle flame miniature burner 微型针焰燃烧东西Surge test circuit 浪涌测试Needle flame tester 针焰测试Resistance loads 电阻负载Scratch test equipment 刮擦测试设备Power sources 电源Probe for measuring surface temperature 外表温度探头Pendulum hammer 摆锤Plugs for endurance tests of socket-outlets 插头插座寿命测试Needle flame thermometer 针焰温度表Plugs and socket test equipment (various) 各类插头插座设备Splash testing apparatus 溅水测试Pendulum impact test apparatus 摆锤冲击测试Spray apparatus, tubes 喷水测试Solderability test apparatus 可焊性的测试设备Standard test enclosure 尺度测试附件Temperature during operation, measuring equipment 温度测试Thermocouples 热电偶Temperature measurement 温度测试Test apparatus for IP tests IP 测试Torque test equipment 扭力测试Test finger nail 测试指甲Test panes for hob elements 燃气炉测试盘Test fingers 测试指Torsion apparatus 扭转测试Test hook 测试钩Tracking index apparatus 漏电起痕测试仪Test knifes 测试刀模Water evaporator 水蒸发器Test pin 测试真Tumbling barrel 滚筒试验装置Test probe 测试探头Variacs Vessel for testing induction hotplates 测试热传导的容器3、设备补缀corrective maintenance 改善补缀back repair rate 返修率stepped(sizing) repair 分级补缀decentralized maintenance system 分散补缀制waste and ungraded product and back repair loss 废次品及返修损掉unscheduled maintenance time 非预定维修时间periodic repair task 按期补缀作业periodic repair 按期维修法location accuracy 定位精度transmission accuracy 传动精度revision of overhaul plan 大修方案点窜assesment of overhaul plan 大修方案查核overhaul planning 大修方案编制basis of overhaul plan 大修方案依据fulfilment rate of overhaul plan 大修方案完成率implementation of overhaul plan 大修方案实施overhaul cost 大修费用overhaul cost 大修成本构成overhaul cost analysis 大修成本阐发fulfilment rate of overhaul cost 大修成本完成率overhaul guarantee 大修保修interval between overhauls, overhaul cycle 大修周期guarantee system of overhaul quality 大修质量包管体系overhaul quality evaluation 大补缀质量评定overhaul quality control 大补缀质量控制overhaul,capital repair 大修assembly repair 部件补缀法partial repair 局部补缀法compensation method 抵偿法production program of spqre parts 备件出产方案stand-by or redundancy system 备份或冗余系统standard-size repair method 尺度尺寸补缀法“eight steps〞method 八步法repeat location accuracy 重复定位精度middle repair 中修system with maintainable standby parts 有可维修备份的系统remote maintenance 远距离维修preventive maintenance 预防维修scheduled maintenance time 预定维修时间predictive maintenance 预知维修〔状态监测维修〕quality system 质量体系quality 质量deferred maintenance 逾期维修network planning 网络方案maintenance skill training 维修技术培训maintenance interval, uptime 维修间隔〔正常运行时间〕economic analysis of maintenance activities 维修活动的经济阐发maintenance worker 维修工人maintenance protection 维修防护maintenance shop 维修车间maintenance prevention 维修预防maintenance cycle 维修周期maintenance time 维修时间synchronous repair 同步补缀法repair downtime 停修时间item repair 项修〔工程补缀〕repair on commission 外委补缀〔TPM〕total production maintenance system 全员参加的出产维修制controlled maintenance 受控维修life cycle maintenance 寿命周期维修hot repair 热修repair schedule of equipment 设备补缀方案acceptance check for equipment repair 设备补缀验收quarterly repair schedule of equipment 设备季度补缀方案technical check of equipment 设备技术查核equipment overhaul plan 设备大修方案monthly repair schedule of equipment 设备月度补缀方案equipment maintenance plan 设备维修方案three essential factors of equipment maintenance 设备维修三要素item repair plan of equipment 设备项修方案annual repair schedule of equipment 设备年度补缀方案breakdown maintenance 事后补缀first-aid repair 抢修accuracy of machine tool after overhaul 大修机床精度rolling (circulation) plan 滚动方案MIS maintenance 办理信息系统维修process capacity index 工程能力指数working accuracy 工作精度recovery repair 恢复性补缀rotational accuracy of machine tool 机床旋转精度machine repair shop 机修车间〔分厂〕maintenance mechanic 机修技工mechanical repair method 机械修复法instantaneous efficiency of machinery 机械的瞬时效率interchange method 互换法inspection 查验centralized maintenance system 集中补缀制geometric accuracy 几何精度seasonal repair 季节性补缀repair out of plan 方案外补缀scheduled maintenance 方案维修planned preventive maintenance system 方案预修制planned repair 方案补缀contact accuracy 接触精度emergency repair task 紧急补缀作业machining and fitting method on the spot 当场加工修配法precision index 精度指数accuracy standard 精度尺度precision retaining ability 精度保持性precision reserve 精度储藏fine repair 精修fine repair mechanic 精修技工economic accuracy 经济精度balancing precision grade 平衡精度等级mean time to repair(MTTR), mean repair time 平均补缀时间minor repair 小修fitting method 修配法repair link 修配环repair specification 补缀任务书repair rasks dispatch 补缀施工调剂repair time, shutdown time 补缀时间downtime quota for equipment repair 补缀停歇时间定额repair facilities 补缀用设备repair quality 补缀质量repair quality index 补缀质量指标repair quality plan 补缀质量方案repair quality assessment 补缀质量查核repair symbols 补缀标识repair cost assessment 补缀成本查核repair size 补缀尺寸repair quota 补缀定额repair cost quota 补缀费用定额repair scheme 补缀方案repair manhour quota 补缀工时定额repair manhours assessment 补缀工时查核repair technology 补缀工艺maintenance engineering truck 补缀工程车maintenance tool 补缀东西repair time limit assessment 补缀工期查核repair assessment 补缀查核inspection before repair 修前预检measuring and drawing before repair 修前测绘inquiry before repair 修前拜候service after repair 修后效劳optimum repair cycle 最优补缀周期assembly accuracy 装配精度electric repair shop 电修车间〔分厂〕maintenance electrician 电修技工repair cost accounting for single equipment 单台设备补缀费用核算adjustment method 调整法adjusting link 调整环4、设备办理probability 概率〔几率〕variance 方差decentralized maintenance 分散维修dynamic test 动态试验power facilities management 动力设备设施办理duct-proof and protective equipment management 除尘、防护设备办理sampling investigation 抽样查询拜访domestic production management of imported spare parts 备件国产化办理standard deviation 尺度偏差budget of installation 安装预算machine contracting system 包机制regulation of check and lubrication before on shift 班前查抄与润滑制度shift relief system ［设备］交接班制度Equipment Management Regulation 设备办理条例〔条例〕repair [设备]补缀maintenance (and repair) [设备]维修key-point investigation 重点查询拜访management of key-point equipment 重点设备办理key-point equipment 重点设备liability accident 责任变乱exponential distribution 指数分布histogram 直方图prepayment and collection 预付与托收承付prophylactic test 预防性试验prevention first 预防为主orthogonal design 正交设计法〔正交试验法〕normal distribution 正态分布transportation vehicle management system 运输车辆办理制度three guarantees of quality 质量“三包〞accident due to quality 质量变乱management regulation of pressure vessel 压力容器办理制度mean time to failure 无故障运行时间Weibull distribution 威布尔分布idle equipment management 闲置设备办理制度idle plant 闲置设备statistical analysis 统计阐发maintainability 维修性maintenance information management 维修信息办理combination of service and planned maintenance 维护与方案检修相结合random event 随机事件numerical control (NC) equipment management 数控设备办理three-level service system 三级调养制mathematical expectation 数学期望mathematical model 数学模型mathematical statistics 数理统计technical facilities in production 出产技术装备production equipment 出产设备life cycle cost (LCC) 寿命周期费用mangement regulation of lubricant warehouse 润滑油库办理制度commodity inspection 商检〔商品查验〕combination of design, manufacturing and operation 设计、制造与使用相结合investigation on plant 设备调研reliability reliability theory 设备的可靠性与可靠度energy saving property of plant 设备的节能性facility inspection and appraise through comparison for plant 设备的查抄评比plant check system 设备点检制度environmental protection property of plant 设备的环保性complete set of plant 设备的成套性safety of plant 设备的安然性productivity of plant 设备的出产率durability of plant 设备的耐用性flexibility of plant 设备的灵活性equipment condition monitoring and diagnostic technology manage 设备状态监测与诊断技术办理equipment condition management systen 设备状态办理制度total plant management 设备综合办理dynamic management system of plant assets 设备资产动态办理制度plant leasing 设备租赁preparation system before equipment repair 设备修前筹办制度man-hours quota for equipment repair 设备补缀工时定额expense quota for equipment repair 设备补缀费用定额material quota for equipment repair 设备补缀材料定额acceptance regulation of equipment repair quality 设备补缀质量验收制度equipment model 设备型号type of equipment 设备型式economical life of equipment 设备经济寿命operation and business management system 设备经营办理制度technical document of plant 设备技术档案technical conditions of equipment 设备技术状况technical condition management of plant 设备技术状态办理management system for technical document and file of plant 设备技术资料办理制度technical properties of plant 设备技术性能technical life of equipment 设备技术寿命specialized cooperation of plant maintenance 设备检修专业化协作planning and management regulation of plant maintenance 设备检修方案办理制度plant maintenance plan 设备检修方案plant maintenance specification 设备检修规程plant maintenance quality 设备检修质量design and construction of equipment foundation 设备根底设计与施工management of equipment order contract 设备合同办理feasibility studies of plant project 设备规划可行性阐发investment plan of plant 设备规划performance of plant 设备功能〔效能〕operational capability of plant 设备工作能力examination and check systems of plant management 设备办理查核制度economic responsibility regulation of plant management 设备办理经济责任制度post standard of plant management 设备办理岗位尺度plant management systems 设备办理制度downtime quota for equipment repair 设备办理停歇时间定额〔停歇天数〕plant engineering modernization 设备办理现代化plant management, plant enginerring 设备办理fixed plant assets management systems 设备固定资产办理制度equipment failure 设备故障plant renewal management 设备更新办理制度plant renewal 设备更新plant replacement 设备更换post responsibility of plant management 设备岗位责任equipment modification management system 设备改造办理制度plant reconstruction, plant modernization 设备改造classified management of plant 设备分级办理operation regulation with fixed qualified operator and fixed eq 设备定人定机、凭证操作规定“five disciplines〞of plant operation 设备操作的“五项纪律〞operation specification of equipment 设备操作规程management regulation of equipment spare parts 设备备品配件办理制度management regulation of equipment spare parts inventory 设备备件库房办理制度to quote plant price 设备报价discard of plant 设备报废equipment installation management 设备安装办理equipment installation 设备安装tours system to inspect plant 设备巡回查抄制度to enquire plant price 设备询价plant model selection 设备选型acceptance check and reception systems of plant 设备验收交接制度statistic-reporting system of plant 设备统计报表制度technical document and date for plant maintenance 设备维修技术资料management regulation of plant maintenance technology 设备维修技术办理制度equipment maintenance quota 设备维修定额equipment service specification 设备维护规程unit account of plant 设备台帐equipment perfectness norm 设备完好尺度plant in good condition 设备完好claims for equipment 设备索赔specifications of usage 设备使用规程information feedback management in initial operation period of pl 设备使用初期信息反响办理management regulation for operation and service of equipment 设备使用与维护办理制度life-cycle management of plant 设备全过程办理life of equipment 设备寿命lubrication management regulation of plant 设备润滑办理制度“five fixation〞of lubrication 设备润滑“五定〞accident management regulation of plant 设备变乱办理制度three do not let pass of plant accident 设备变乱“三不放过〞plant accident 设备变乱region responsibility system of plant maintenance 设备区域维修负责制fore period and later period management of plant 设备前期办理和后期办理regulation of fore period management of plant 设备前期办理规定wear compensation for plant 设备磨损抵偿plant ageing 设备老化arithmetic mean 算术平均值〔均值〕coercionary service system 强制调养制effect coefficient of investment 投资效果系数economic management system of plant 设备经济办理制度excellence selection activity in plant management 设备办理评优活动Pareto chart 摆列图〔帕累托图〕load test 负荷试验breakdown time 故障停机时间technological adaptability 工艺适应性supervision of engineering facilities 工程设备监理management of proccess-control-point equipment 工序控制点设备办理contract change and cancellation 合同变动与解除combined maintenance 混合维修regression analysis 回归阐发interval between inspections 查抄间隔期socialization of maintenance 检修社会化centralized maintenance 集中维修technical advancement 技术先进性combination of technical management and economic management 技术办理与经济办理相结合computer-aided plant management 计算机辅助设备办理P〕planned preventive maintenance system 方案预修制度〔ЛЛFOB of imported equipment 进口设备离岸价imported equipment management 进口设备办理CIF of imported equipment 进口设备到岸价precise,large scale,rare plant 精、大、稀设备management of precise,large scale,rare equipment 精、大、稀设备办理“five fixed〞of precise,large scale,rare,critical equipme 精、大、稀、关键设备的“五定〞economy 经济性static test 静态试验open-case inspection 开箱查抄average deviation 平均偏差mean waiting time,MWT 平均等待时间repair cycle 补缀周期structure of repair cycle 补缀周期布局combination of repair, modernization and renewal 补缀、改造与更新相结合complexity coefficient of repair 补缀复杂系数time between repairs 补缀间隔期leased equipment management system 租赁设备办理制度time value of fund 资金的时间价值natural accident 自然变乱self-made equipment 便宜设备management system for selfmade equipment 便宜设备办理制度self-made spare parts management system 便宜备件办理制度combination of professional management and mass management 专业办理与群众办理相结合transfer of facility 转让设备〔设备调剂〕typical investigation 典型查询拜访areal (departmental) repair center 地域〔部分〕补缀中心recovery ratio of used oil 废油回收率perfectness ratio of power plant 动力设备完好率fulfillment ratio of periodic service 按期调养完成率mean downtime(days) due to overhaul 大补缀平均停歇天数perfectness ratio of key-point equipments 重点设备完好率qualification ratio under first acceptance check 一次交验合格率availability of plant in use 在用设备可操纵率utilization ratio of installed equipments 已安装设备操纵率annual profit ratio per 10000 yuan fixed assets 万元固定资产年创利润率maintenance expense for 1000 yuan production value 万元产值占用维修费用installation ratio of owned equipments 实有设备安装率comprehensive utilization ratio of plant 设备综合操纵率added value rate of plant assets 设备资产增值率capital investment recovery period of plant 设备资产投资回收期newness degree of plant 设备新度profit ratio vs net book value of plant 设备净资产创利润率utilization ratio of planned time of plant 设备方案台时操纵率constitution ratio of plant 设备构成比load rate of plant 设备负荷率back repair rate 设备返修率utilization ratio of institutional time of plant 设备制度台时操纵率idelness ratio of plant 设备闲置率plant capital investment recovery ratio 设备投资回收报率capital investment recovery period of plant 设备投资产出比perfectness ratio of plant 设备完好率plant daily service fulfillment ratio 设备日常调养完成率incident frequency 设备变乱频率utilization ratio 设备操纵率down time ratio to accident (failure) 变乱［故障］停机率fulfillment ratio of cleaning and oil change plan 清洗换油方案完成率mean repair cost per complexity coefficient of repair 每个补缀复杂系数平均大补缀成本maintenance expense per repair complexity coefficient 每个复杂系数占用维修费用industrial increase value ratio per 10000 yuan fixed assets 每万元固定资产创工业增加值率failure intensity 故障强度failure frequency 故障频率perfectness ratio of critical equipments 关键设备完好率perfectness raito of precise,large scale and rare equipments 精大稀设备完好率availability 可操纵率〔有效操纵率〕mean down time,MDT 平均停机时间mean time between failture 平均故障间隔期，平均无故障工作时间fulfillment ratio of repair plan 补缀方案完成率。
2023-2024学年河北省石家庄市第二十七中学第一学期高二年级10月份月考英语试题
2023-2024学年河北省石家庄市第二十七中学第一学期高二年级10月份月考英语试题Eight Days from just £299 Departs May-October Includes:Return flights from 8 UK airports to NaplesReturn airport to hotel transportSeven nights’ accommodation at the 3 ☆ Hotel Nice The services of guides Government taxes Join us for a wonderful holiday in one of Europe’s most wonderful corners. A favorite with holidaymakers —indeed the ancient Romans called the area “happy land” — this simply attractive coastline of colorful towns, splendid views and the warm Mediterranean Sea is a perfect choice for a truly memorable holiday!Choose between the peaceful traditional village of Sant’ Agata, set on a hillside six miles from Sorrento, or the more lively and well-known international resort town of Sorrento, with wonderful views over the Bay of Naples.Breathtaking scenery and famous sights everywhere. From the legendary Isle of Capri to the haunting ruins of Pompeii, and from the unforgettable “Amalfi Drive” to the delightful resorts of Positano, Sorrento and Ravello, the area is a feast for the eyes! Should you choose to join us, we know that you will not be disappointed!With a choice of hotels and optional excursions including Capri, Pompeii a nd the “Amalfi Drive”, this is a truly unmissable holiday.Price based on two tourists sharing a twin/double room at the Hotel Nice. Like to know more? Then telephone New-market Air Holidays Ltd on: 0845-226-7766 (All calls charged at local rates).1. What are not included in the price of £299?A．Transport between the airport and the hotel.B．Double rooms for every two tourists.C．All telephone calls made by tourists.D．The services of guides to tourists.2. What is the purpose of the passage?A．To invite people to take a breath in the Bay of Naples.B．To advise people to telephone New-market Air Holidays Ltd.C．To persuade people to enjoy a boat tour in the Mediterranean Sea.D．To attract people to go to Sant’ Agata or Sorrento for sight-seeing.3. After reading the advertisement, what will one probably join the tour for?A．For the price offered is reasonable and the sights are beautiful.B．For good services are offered to those who stay in double rooms.C．For the sights are attractive and the tour starts in May or October.D．For the price is low for those intending to stay at the 3☆Hotel Nice.The Twenty-three-year-old Mumbai girl Vidhi Bubna is offering India’s first and only diving grant to explore the marine ecosystem.Vidhi’s first diving experience turned out to be a heartbreaking one. While she expected a lot of colors underwater as she had seen on TV, Vidhi came across all white corals (珊瑚), which means they are almost dead from being bleached (褪色).“It was very sad and I just started crying after coming out of the water,” she says.Vidhi, an economics graduate from Ashoka University, did not enjoy working with numbers and turned to writing about social issues, including women’s rights and minority issues.As an adventure lover, Vidhi went diving to explore the underwater beauty last year. Her disappointment at seeing dying corals led to the start of Coral Warriors, anon-profit organization that aims to raise awareness of marine protection and climate change.“Nobody knows about climate change till they see it,” Vidhi says. The Mumbai-based organisation offers India’s first and only diving grant. The grant sponsors level-one scuba diving education in any location of their choice in India. While there is no specific standard, Vidhi says the selection process is strict, choosing candidates who are passionate about climate change and seeing that they do something of their choice. Four candidates have been awarded the grant so far and the organisation hopes to find at least five people every year.“After the candidates return, we expect them to work on a climate change project of their choice, create communities, and work to create awareness and drive action-centric projects,” she explains. Prior to starting coral warriors, Vidhi was hosting free online workshops to spread awareness of marine biodiversity and climate change, and has reached about 5, 000 people through them.As a next step, Vidhi is planning to work on documentaries with high-quality underwater images and videos, considering not many can afford or have the courage to go diving to see what is happening underwater.4. How did Vidhi feel on her first diving?A．Excited. B．Upset. C．Awesome. D．Awkward.5. Why did Vidhi set up Coral Warriors?A．To focus more attention on social issues.B．To further explore the underwater beauty.C．To fuel people’s enthusiasm for adventure.D．To make an appeal for marine conservation.6. What are candidates expected to do?A．To help promote people’s sense of community.B．To choose whatever they are passionate about.C．To meet specific and strict selection standards.D．To undertake activities relevant to climate change.7. What will Vidhi do to protect marine biodiversity?A．Ahoot documentaries. B．Tackle climate change.C．Encourage people to dive. D．Host free online workshops.Humans feed thousands of songs to AI (人工智能). And it is able to analyse the basic information and recognize patterns that can be used to create original music. Such AI-created music is similar to those that any musician might compose.Recently, an AI-powered system, the Flow Machines, has released a song Daddy’s Car. This system is able to analyse the composers’ original ideas and come up with more ideas to assist them in composing. The system tries to combine the human mind with AI.Another great invention is Jukedeck, which works very easily. In order to create a new piece, the user just needs to select items like the desired music style (folk, rock, etc.) and the mood (sad or happy). After a few seconds, AI provides a piece of music for the user to download. Each user can create music tailored to his or her interest.Some musicians use AI to achieve what they could not do on their own. For example, Yacht, an American pop group, has used AI to break out of their comfort zone and try to create something different from their previous songs. Soon they have their new album, which contains 10 songs, all of which are very popular.The development of AI technology also comes with some concerns. Some human composers fear that their work might be replaced by a machine. Some others are worried about music itself and the music industry, as AI is now able to create music more and more similar to human-composed music. Faced with this challenge, on one hand, human musicians need to remain creative; on the other hand, they should understand how to use these new tools to explore new frontiers. Perhaps the future role of the human musicians will be to focus on emotions, leaving the machines to take care of other procedures.8. What is the new development about AI in the text?A．Its progress in replacing humans. B．Its ability in music composing.C．Its influence on human emotions. D．Its focus on changing human mind.9. Why could Yacht create the popular new album?A．Because they stuck to their former music style.B．Because they went beyond themselves with AI.C．Because they put in more than ten original songs.D．Because they insisted on composing by themselves.10. What is the last paragraph mainly about?A．Problems about AI composing. B．Limitations of AI technology.C．Challenges for human composers. D．Suggestions to human musicians.11. Which word best describes the author’s attitude toward AI technology?A．Objective. B．Doubtful. C．Uncaring D．Confused.A small robot that can change its shape and produce heat shows potential in targeting cancer cells and preventing internal bleeding. It can also be used for delivering drugs directly to tumors (肿瘤) or inaccessible areas within the human body.Researchers, led by Ren Hao Soon at the Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems in Stuttgart, Germany, developed a centimeter-sized robot inspired by pangolins (穿山甲). It is constructed with soft and magnetic (磁性的) materials, allowing the robot to change its shape.To enable movement, shape shifting, and heat generation, the researchers applied magnetic fields to the robot’s metal parts. By adjusting the frequency of these fields, the robot was able to heat up and give out heat into its surroundings. The team observed that the robot’s body temperature could be over 70℃.In addi tion, the researchers used the robot’s heat to deliver substances within a simulated (模拟的) stomach environment. They attached something simulating medicine capsules onto the robot, which dissolved upon heating, thereby releasing the goods. This technique holds promise for targeted drug delivery inside the body.Soon, his team also tested the robot’s ability to halt bleeding. They created wounds using a dead pig’s stomach. By pumping blood through a small incision using a syringe, they simulated bleeding. Subsequently, the robot extended and covered the area, giving out heat to help stop bleeding. According to Jake Abbott from the University of Utah, the robot could potentially be employed for targeted destruction of tumor cells, reducing the need for exposing large amounts of tissue to radiation or chemicals. By raising the robot’s temperature to a level unsafe for normal cells and keeping it in place for a few minutes, cancer cells can be killed. Abbott emphasizes the high temperature sensitivity of the human body.12. What can we infer about the small robot?A．It has been put into use.B．It is mainly used to deliver goods.C．It draws inspiration from the natural world.D．It can’t be used without adding hard elements.13. How do the researchers make the robot change shape?A．By using heat. B．By using magnets.C．By using radiation. D．By using chemicals.14. What does the underlined word “halt” in paragraph 5 mean?A．Stop. B．Challenge. C．Evaluate. D．Explore.15. Which can be the best title for the text?A．A Tiny Robot Will Be Used In MedicineB．Scientists Will Make Robots Give Out HeatC．A Small Robot Was Made To Deliver GoodsD．Doctors Have Used Tiny Robots To Cure TumorsField trips have now become a popular and well-established method of education. A field trip is a journey organized by schools or educational institutions to a place outside of the classroom. 16 Therefore, the activities during a field trip are often designed to provide them with hands-on experiences.Field trips can be taken to a variety of destinations. The most popular ones include museums, factories, zoos and botanical gardens. Field trips can also involve visits to historical sites and other places of interest. Sometimes even an outing to a park nearby can make a good field trip. 17Field trips help improve academic performance. Participants in a field trip are engaged in various activities about a subject matter. 18 They could also pick up new knowledge through observation and interaction. Studies provide evidence that field trips can increase students’ test scores.19 During a field trip, students are exposed to interactive activities and novel experiences that are not often available in a classroom, which awakens their interest and helps them rediscover the joy in study. This may be particularly important for students who are struggling academically.A field trip can be challenging to organize due to factors such as high costs and safety concerns. 20 Teachers regard this outing as a good way of helping students and developing a good relationship with them. Students, moreover, may remember the experience of the school field trip as a highlight of the school year.On July 20, Yu Yifei, a medical intern (实习生), made his way home in a subway train after his first day’s training. When a downpour struck the city, he ______ about a dozen people trapped in a flooded subway train as the rainfall reached 201.9 millimeters between 4 pm and 5 pm, a totally new ______ in the history of Zhengzhou.Flood ______ through a barrier and entered the underground area. The train came to a sudden stop before the water began ______ in the carriages, trapping passengers inside. Thus Yu, ______ to leave and fearful of his life, made a ______ call to his father.As water continued to flow into the carriages, passengers’ ______ rose. When subway workers arrived to withdraw them, Yu ______ to get out. However, as he made his way to safety, he heard a cry for help. He quickly______ the white coat given to him at the hospital ______ and returned to the platform to save other passengers. On seeing him, a number of frightened people were greatly encouraged and their spirits ______.As more passengers were pulled from the ______, Yu instructed others in the key steps to save a victim from drowning. He ______ CPR (心肺复苏) on those unconscious and near death from drowning. One of the passengers, a female doctor, nearly died. After ______ consciousness, she joined Yu in treating others. Yu was very ______ yet he gathered up his strength and tried to provide help to those in need. In the end, Yu and the other rescuers managed to save many lives from the flooded subway train. Yu’s actions proved that even in the darkest of moments, there is always hope for humanity.21.A．asked B．prevented C．thought D．saved22.A．record B．number C．point D．depth23.A．worked B．watered C．crashed D．pulled24.A．rising B．waving C．building D．disappearing25.A．uncertain B．unfortunate C．unusual D．unable26.A．alarming B．unique C．considerate D．desperate27.A．disappointment B．fears C．feelings D．thrills28.A．managed B．failed C．intended D．hesitated29.A．tried on B．took on C．put on D．carried on30.A．later B．further C．earlier D．former31.A．gained B．lifted C．sank D．lowered32.A．seats B．hospital C．boat D．water33.A．introduced B．performed C．explained D．taught34.A．regaining B．refreshing C．repeating D．reporting35.A．bored B．heartbroken C．worried D．exhausted阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
铁磁性 英语
铁磁性英语Ferromagnetism is a kind of magnetism that comes from some materials, namely ferromagnetic materials, such as steel, iron, cobalt and nickel. Ferromagnetic materials are particularly good at storing magnetic materials, such as iron and nickel. These materials have a property called “magnetism”. When a ferromagnetic material is exposed to a magnetic field, usually from a powerful electromagnet, itwill become magnetized and can then be used to generate a magnetic field itself.Ferromagnetism is the most common type of magnetism, and it’s why many everyday objects — like paper clips, refrigerator magnets, and the electronic circuits inside computers — use magnets. When the electrons of a ferromagnetic material become aligned, the material exhibitsa large magnetic field, resulting in the magnetism. Ferromagnetic materials can be divided into two types depending on their structure. These two types are named soft and hard ferromagnetic materials.Soft ferromagnetic materials typically have lowcoercivity and high saturation magnetization. These materials can be easily magnetized and demagnetized. Usually, the whole material exhibits a strong magnetism when magnetized.Materials such as iron, cobalt and nickel are all examples of soft ferromagnetic materials. However, besides these elements, some other materials such as gadolinium can also be used for the same purpose.Hard ferromagnetic materials have high coercivity, butlower saturation magnetization. They are usually made of an alloy containing iron, cobalt, nickel, and other materials such as manganese, alnico, and chromium. Some hard ferromagnetic materials, such as alnico, have very high strength and a very low temperature coefficient.In modern technology, ferromagnetism plays a very important role. Its ability to store magnetic fields makes it the basis of many devices such as electric motors, generators, transformers and magnets. Additionally, it is used inmagnetic media and RFIDs.Ferromagnetism is an interesting and important propertyof certain materials. It has many practical uses and applications, and it is also important to understand when designing new devices and systems. Although it may seem like something simple, it has a subtle structure that needs to be considered in order to fully understand and make use of it.。
材料专业-专业术语中英文
选取电子衍射Selected-Area Diffraction (SAD)介电常数dielectric permittivity耗散因数(介质损耗角) dissipation factor老化系数aging coefficient平面耦合系数planar coupling coefficient镀镍Nickel Plated镀铬Chrome Plated镀黄铜Brass Plated轴承合金Bearing Alloy易溶合金Fusible Alloy分析电子显微镜AFM, Analytical electron microscope透射电子显微镜TEM, Transmission electron microscope调幅amplitude modulators第二泛音发生器second harmonic generators声波传感器acoustic wave transducers弹簧用碳钢片Carbon Steel Strip For Spring Use冷轧状态Cold Rolled Strip回火状态Annealed Strip淬火及回火状态Hardened & Tempered Strip/ Precision – Quenched Steel Strip 淬火，回火贝氏体钢片Bainite Steel Strip弹簧用碳钢片材之边缘处理Edge Finished淬火剂Quenching Media碳钢回火Tempering回火有低温回火及高温回火Low & High Temperature Tempering高温回火High Temperature Tempering退火Annealing完全退火Full Annealing扩散退火Diffusion Annealing低温退火Low Temperature Annealing中途退火Process Annealing球化退火Spheroidizing Annealing光辉退火Bright Annealing淬火Quenching时间淬火Time Quenching奥氏体回火Aus tempering马氏体淬火Mar quenching高碳钢片用途End Usage of High Carbon Steel Strip冷轧高碳钢– 日本工业标准Cold-Rolled (Special Steel) Carbon Steel Strip to JIS G3311电镀金属钢片Plate Metal Strip简介General电镀金属捆片的优点Advantage of Using Plate Metal Strip金属捆片电镀层Plated Layer of Plated Metal Strip镀镍Nickel Plated镀铬Chrome Plated镀黄铜Brass Plated基层金属Base Metal of Plated Metal Strip低碳钢或铁基层金属Iron & Low Carbon as Base Metal不锈钢基层金属Stainless Steel as Base Metal铜基层金属Copper as Base Metal黄铜基层金属Brass as Base Metal轴承合金Bearing Alloy简介General锡基、铅基及锌基轴承合金比较表Comparison of Tin base, Lead base and Zinc base alloy for Bearing purpose易溶合金Fusible Alloy焊接合金Soldering and Brazing Alloy软焊Soldering Alloy软焊合金– 日本标准JIS H 4341 Soldering Alloy to JIS H 4341硬焊Brazing Alloy其它焊接材料请参阅日工标准目录Other Soldering Material细线材、枝材、棒材Chapter Five Wire, Rod & Bar线材/枝材材质分类及制成品Classification and End Products of Wire/Rod铁线(低碳钢线)日工标准JIS G 3532 Low Carbon Steel Wires ( Iron Wire ) to JIS G 3532光线(低碳钢线)，火线(退火低碳钢线)，铅水线(镀锌低碳钢线)及制造钉用低碳钢线之代号、公差及备注Ordinary Low Carbon Steel Wire, Annealed Low Carbon Steel Wire, Galvanized low Carbon Steel Wire & Low Carbon Steel Wire for nail manufacturing - classification, Symbol of Grade, Tolerance and Remarks.机械性能Mechanical Properties锌包层之重量，铜硫酸盐试验之酸洗次数及测试用卷筒直径Weight ofZinc-Coating, Number of Dippings in Cupric Sulphate Test and Diameters of Mandrel Used for Coiling Test冷冲及冷锻用碳钢线枝Carbon Steel Wire Rods for Cold Heading & Cold Forging (to JIS G3507)级别，代号及化学成份Classification, Symbol of Grade and Chemical Composition 直径公差，偏圆度及脱碳层的平均深度Diameter Tolerance, Ovality and Average Decarburized Layer Depth冷拉钢枝材Cold Drawn Carbon Steel Shafting Bar枝材之美工标准，日工标准，用途及化学成份AISI － American Iron and Steel Institute 美国钢铁学会JIS － Japanese Industrial Standards 日本工业标准AISI, JIS End Usage and Chemical Composition of Cold Drawn Carbon S teel Shafting Bar冷拉钢板重量表Cold Drawn Steel Bar Weight Table高碳钢线枝High Carbon Steel Wire Rod (to JIS G3506)冷拉高碳钢线Hard Drawn High Carbon Steel Wire化学成份分析表Chemical Analysis of Wire Rod线径、公差及机械性能(日本工业标准G 3521) Mechanical Properties (JIS G 3521) 琴线(日本标准G3522)Piano Wires ( to G3522)级别，代号，扭曲特性及可用之线材直径Classes, symbols, twisting characteristic and applied Wire Diameters直径，公差及拉力强度Diameter, Tolerance and Tensile Strength裂纹之容许深度及脱碳层Permissible depth of flaw and decarburized layer常用的弹簧不锈钢线-编号，特性，表面处理及化学成份Stainless Spring Wire – National Standard number, Charateristic, Surface finish & Chemical composition弹簧不锈钢线，线径及拉力列表Stainless Spring Steel, Wire diameter and Tensile strength of Spring Wire处理及表面状况Finish & Surface各种不锈钢线在不同处理拉力比较表Tensile Strength of various kinds of Stainless Steel Wire under Different Finish圆径及偏圆度之公差Tolerance of Wire Diameters & Ovality ovality [əu'væliti] n. 椭圆度,椭圆变形,椭圆形铬镍不锈钢及抗热钢弹簧线材– 美国材验学会ASTM A313 – 1987 Chromium – Nickel Stainless and Heat-resisting Steel Spring Wire – ASTM A313 – 1987ASTM － American Society of Testing Materials 美国材料实验协会化学成份Chemical Composition机械性能Mechanical Properties305, 316, 321及347之拉力表Tensile Strength Requirements for Types 305, 316, 321 and 347A1S1-302 贰级线材之拉力表Tensile Strength of A1S1-302 Wire日本工业标准– 不锈钢的化学成份(先数字后字母排列)JIS – Chemical Composition of Stainless Steel (in order of number & alphabet)美国工业标准– 不锈钢及防热钢材的化学成份(先数字后字母排列)AISI – Chemical Composition of Stainless Steel & Heat-Resistant Steel(in order of number & alphabet)易车碳钢Free Cutting Carbon Steels (to JIS G4804 )化学成份Chemical composition圆钢枝，方钢枝及六角钢枝之形状及尺寸之公差Tolerance on Shape and Dimensions for Round Steel Bar, Square Steel Bar, Hexagonal Steel Bar易车(快削)不锈钢Free Cutting Stainless Steel易车(快削)不锈钢种类Type of steel易车(快削)不锈钢拉力表Tensile Strength of Free Cutting Wires枝/棒无芯磨公差表(µ) (µ = 1/100 mm) Rod/Bar Centreless Grind Tolerance易车不锈钢及易车钢之不同尺寸及硬度比较Hardness of Different Types & Size of Free Cutting Steel扁线、半圆线及异形线Flat Wire, Half Round Wire, Shaped Wire and Precision Shaped Fine Wire加工方法Manufacturing Method应用材料Material Used特点Characteristic用途End Usages不锈钢扁线及半圆线常用材料Commonly used materials for Stainless Flat Wire & Half Round Wire扁线公差Flat Wire Tolerance方线公差Square Wire Tolerance锌镀层质量Zinc Coating Mass表面处理Surface Treatment冷轧钢片Cold-Rolled Steel Sheet/Strip热轧钢片Hot-Rolled Sheet Strip电解冷轧钢片厚度公差Thickness Tolerance of Electrolytic Cold-rolled sheet热轧钢片厚度公差Thickness Tolerance of Hot-rolled sheet冷轧或热轧钢片阔度公差Width Tolerance of Cold or Hot-rolled sheet长度公差Length Tolerance理论质量Theoretical Mass锌镀层质量(两个相同锌镀层厚度)Mass Calculation of coating (For equal coating)/MM锌镀层质量(两个不同锌镀层厚度) Mass Calculation of coating (For differential coating)/MM简介General镀锡薄铁片的构造Construction of Electrolytic Tinplate镀锡薄钢片(白铁皮/马日铁)制造过程Production Process of Electrolytic Tinplate 锡层质量Mass of Tin Coating (JIS G3303-1987)两面均等锡层Both Side Equally Coated Mass两面不均等锡层Both Side Different Thickness Coated Mass级别、电镀方法、镀层质量及常用称号Grade, Plating type, Designation of Coating Mass & Common Coating Mass镀层质量标记Markings & Designations of Differential Coatings硬度Hardness单相轧压镀锡薄铁片(白铁皮/马口铁) Single-Reduced Tinplate双相辗压镀锡薄钢片(马口铁/白铁皮) Dual-Reduction Tinplate钢的种类Type of Steel表面处理Surface Finish常用尺寸Commonly Used Size电器用硅[硅] 钢片Electrical Steel Sheet简介General软磁材料Soft Magnetic Material滞后回线Narrow Hystersis矫顽磁力Coercive Force硬磁材料Hard Magnetic Material最大能量积Maximum Energy Product硅含量对电器用的低碳钢片的最大好处The Advantage of Using Silicon low Carbon Steel晶粒取向(Grain-Oriented)及非晶粒取向(Non-Oriented) Grain Oriented &Non-Oriented电器用硅[硅] 钢片的最终用途及规格End Usage and Designations of Electrical Steel Strip电器用的硅[硅] 钢片之分类Classification of Silicon Steel Sheet for Electrical Use电器用钢片的绝缘涂层Performance of Surface Insulation of Electrical Steel Sheets 晶粒取向电器用硅钢片主要工业标准International Standard – Grain-Oriented Electrical Steel Silicon Steel Sheet for Electrical Use晶粒取向电器用硅钢片Grain-Oriented Electrical Steel晶粒取向，定取向芯钢片及高硼定取向芯钢片之磁力性能及夹层系数(日工标准及美材标准)Magnetic Properties and Lamination Factor of SI-ORIENT-CORE&SI-ORIENT-CORE-HI B Electrical Steel Strip (JIS and AISI Standard)退火Annealing电器用钢片用家需自行应力退火原因Annealing of the Electrical Steel Sheet退火时注意事项Annealing Precautionary碳污染Prevent Carbon Contamination热力应先从工件边缘透入Heat from the Laminated Stacks Edges提防过份氧化No Excessive Oxidation应力退火温度Stress –relieving Annealing Temperature晶粒取向电器用硅[硅] 钢片– 高硼(HI-B)定取向芯钢片及定取向芯钢片之机械性能及夹层系数Mechanical Properties and Lamination Factors of SI-ORIENT-CORE-HI-B andSI-ORIENT-CORE Grain Orient Electrical Steel Sheets晶粒取向电器用硅[硅] 钢;片– 高硼低硫(LS)定取向钢片之磁力及电力性能Magnetic and Electrical Properties of SI-ORIENT-CORE-HI-B-LS晶粒取向电器用硅[硅] 钢片– 高硼低硫(LS) 定取向钢片之机械性能及夹层系数Mechanical Properties and Lamination Factors of SI-ORIENT-CORE-HI-B-LS晶粒取向电器用硅(硅)钢片-高硼(HI-B)定取向芯钢片，定取向芯钢片及高硼低硫(LS)定取向芯钢片之厚度及阔度公差Physical Tolerance of SI-ORIENT-CORE-HI-B, SI-ORIENT-CORE, &SI-CORE-HI-B-LS Grain Oriented Electrical Steel Sheets晶粒取向电器用硅(硅)钢片– 高硼(HI-B)定取向芯钢片，定取向芯钢片及高硼低硫(LS)定取向芯钢片之标准尺寸及包装Standard Forms and Size of SI-ORIENT-CORE-HI-B,SI-CORE, &SI-ORIENT-CORE-HI-B-LS Grain- Oriented Electrical Steel Sheets绝缘表面Surface Insulation非晶粒取向电力用钢片的电力、磁力、机械性能及夹层系数Lamination Factors of Electrical, Magnetic & Mechanical Non-Grain Oriented Electrical电器及家电外壳用镀层冷辘[低碳] 钢片Coated (Low Carbon) Steel Sheets for Casing,Electricals & Home Appliances镀铝硅钢片Aluminized Silicon Alloy Steel Sheet简介General镀铝硅合金钢片的特色Feature of Aluminized Silicon Alloy Steel Sheet用途End Usages抗化学品能力Chemical Resistance镀铝(硅)钢片– 日工标准(JIS G3314)Hot-aluminum-coated sheets and coils to JIS G 3314镀铝(硅)钢片– 美材试标准(ASTM A-463-77)35.7 JIS G3314镀热浸铝片的机械性能Mechanical Properties of JIS G 3314 Hot-Dip Aluminum-coated Sheetsand Coils公差Size Tolerance镀铝(硅)钢片及其它种类钢片的抗腐蚀性能比较Comparsion of various resistance of aluminized steel & other kinds of steel镀铝(硅)钢片生产流程Aluminum Steel Sheet, Production Flow Chart焊接能力Weldability镀铝钢片的焊接状态(比较冷辘钢片)Tips on welding of Aluminized sheet in comparasion with cold rolled steel strip钢板Steel Plate钢板用途分类及各国钢板的工业标准包括日工标准及美材试标准Type of steel Plate & Related JIS, ASTM and Other Major Industrial Standards钢板生产流程Production Flow Chart钢板订货需知Ordering of Steel Plate不锈钢Stainless Steel不锈钢的定义Definition of Stainless Steel不锈钢之分类，耐腐蚀性及耐热性Classification, Corrosion Resistant & Heat Resistance of Stainless Steel铁铬系不锈钢片Chrome Stainless Steel马氏体不锈钢Martensite Stainless Steel低碳马氏体不锈钢Low Carbon Martensite Stainless Steel含铁体不锈钢Ferrite Stainless Steel镍铬系不锈钢Nickel Chrome Stainless Steel释出硬化不锈钢Precipitation Hardening Stainless Steel铁锰铝不锈钢Fe / Mn / Al / Stainless Steel不锈钢的磁性Magnetic Property & Stainless Steel不锈钢箔、卷片、片及板之厚度分类Classification of Foil, Strip, Sheet & Plate by Thickness表面保护胶纸Surface protection film不锈钢片材常用代号Designation of SUS Steel Special Use Stainless表面处理Surface finish薄卷片及薄片(0.3至2.9mm厚之片)机械性能Mechanical Properties of Thin Stainless Steel(Thickness from 0.3mm to 2.9mm) – strip/sheet不锈钢片机械性能(301, 304, 631, CSP)Mechanical Properties of Spring use Stainless Steel不锈钢– 种类，工业标准，化学成份，特点及主要用途Stainless Steel – Type, Industrial Standard, Chemical Composition, Characteristic & end usage of the most commonly used Stainless Steel不锈钢薄片用途例End Usage of Thinner Gauge不锈钢片、板用途例Examples of End Usages of Strip, Sheet & Plate不锈钢应力退火卷片常用规格名词图解General Specification of Tension Annealed Stainless Steel Strips耐热不锈钢Heat-Resistance Stainless Steel镍铬系耐热不锈钢特性、化学成份、及操作温度Heat-Resistance Stainless Steel 铬系耐热钢Chrome Heat Resistance Steel镍铬耐热钢Ni - Cr Heat Resistance Steel超耐热钢Special Heat Resistance Steel抗热超级合金Heat Resistance Super Alloy耐热不锈钢比重表Specific Gravity of Heat – resistance steel plates and sheets stainless steel不锈钢材及耐热钢材标准对照表Stainless and Heat-Resisting Steels发条片Power Spring Strip发条的分类及材料Power Spring Strip Classification and Materials上链发条Wind-up Spring倒后擦发条Pull Back Power Spring圆面("卜竹")发条Convex Spring Strip拉尺发条Measure Tape魔术手环Magic Tape魔术手环尺寸图Drawing of Magic Tap定型发条Constant Torque Spring定型发条及上炼发条的驱动力Spring Force of Constant Torque Spring and Wing-up Spring定型发条的形状及翻动过程Shape and Spring Back of Constant Torque Spring定型发条驱动力公式及代号The Formula and Symbol of Constant Torque Spring边缘处理Edge Finish硬度Hardness高碳钢化学成份及用途High Carbon Tool Steel, Chemical Composition and Usage每公斤发条的长度简易公式The Length of 1 Kg of Spring Steel StripSK-5 & AISI-301 每公斤长的重量/公斤(阔100-200公厘) Weight per one meter long (kg) (Width 100-200mm)SK-5 & AISI-301 每公斤之长度(阔100-200公厘) Length per one kg (Width100-200mm)SK-5 & AISI-301 每公尺长的重量/公斤(阔2.0-10公厘)Weight per one meter long (kg) (Width 2.0-10mm)SK-5 & AISI-301 每公斤之长度(阔2.0-10公厘)Length per one kg (Width 2.0-10mm)高碳钢片High Carbon Steel Strip分类Classification用组织结构分类Classification According to Grain Structure用含碳量分类– 即低碳钢、中碳钢及高碳钢Classification According to Carbon Contains物料科学Material Science物料科学定义Material Science Definition加工性能Machinability强度Strength抗腐蚀及耐用Corrosion & resistance durability金属特性Special metallic features抗敏感及环境保护Allergic, re-cycling & environmental protection化学元素Chemical element元素的原子序数Atom of Elements原子及固体物质Atom and solid material原子的组成、大小、体积和单位图表The size, mass, charge of an atom, and is particles (Pronton,Nentron and Electron)原子的组织图Atom Constitutes周期表Periodic Table原子键结Atom Bonding金属与合金Metal and Alloy铁及非铁金属Ferrous & Non Ferrous Metal金属的特性Features of Metal晶体结构Crystal Pattern晶体结构，定向格子及单位晶格Crystal structure, Space lattice & Unit cellX线结晶分析法X – ray crystal analyics method金属结晶格子Metal space lattice格子常数Lattice constant米勒指数Miller's Index金相及相律Metal Phase and Phase Rule固熔体Solid solution置换型固熔体Substitutional type solid solution插入型固熔体Interstital solid solution金属间化物Intermetallic compound金属变态Transformation变态点Transformation Point磁性变态Magnetic Transformation同素变态Allotropic Transformation合金平衡状态Thermal Equilibrium相律Phase Rule自由度Degree of freedom临界温度Critical temperture共晶Eutectic包晶温度Peritectic Temperature包晶反应Peritectic Reaction包晶合金Peritectic Alloy亚共晶体Hypoeutetic Alloy过共晶体Hyper-ectectic Alloy金属的相融、相融温度、晶体反应及合金在共晶合金、固熔孻共晶合金及偏晶反应的比较Equilibrium Comparision金属塑性Plastic Deformation滑动面Slip Plan畸变Distortion硬化Work Hardening退火Annealing回复柔软Crystal Recovery再结晶Recrystallization金属材料的性能及试验Properties & testing of metal化学性能Chemical Properties物理性能Physical Properties颜色Colour磁性Magnetisum比电阻Specific resistivity & specific resistance比重Specific gravity & specific density比热Specific Heat热膨胀系数Coefficient of thermal expansion导热度Heat conductivity机械性能Mechanical properties屈服强度(降伏强度) (Yield strangth)弹性限度、阳氏弹性系数及屈服点elastic limit, Yeung's module of elasticity to yield point伸长度Elongation断面缩率Reduction of area金属材料的试验方法The Method of Metal inspection不破坏检验Non – destructive inspections渗透探伤法Penetrate inspection磁粉探伤法Magnetic particle inspection放射线探伤法Radiographic inspection超声波探伤法Ultrasonic inspection显微观察法Microscopic inspection破坏的检验Destructive Inspection冲击测试Impact Test疲劳测试Fatigue Test潜变测试Creep Test潜变强度Creeps Strength第壹潜变期Primary Creep第二潜变期Secondary Creep第三潜变期Tertiary Creep主要金属元素之物理性质Physical properties of major Metal Elements工业标准及规格– 铁及非铁金属Industrial Standard – Ferrous & Non – ferrous Metal磁力Magnetic简介General软磁Soft Magnetic硬磁Hard Magnetic磁场Magnetic Field磁性感应Magnetic Induction透磁度Magnetic Permeability磁化率Magnetic Susceptibility (Xm)磁力(Magnetic Force)及磁场(Magnetic Field)是因物料里的电子(Electron)活动而产生抗磁体、顺磁体、铁磁体、反铁磁体及亚铁磁体Diamagnetism, Paramagnetic, Ferromagnetism,Antiferromagnetism & Ferrimagnetism抗磁体Diamagnetism磁偶极子Dipole负磁力效应Negative effect顺磁体Paramagnetic正磁化率Positive magnetic susceptibility铁磁体Ferromagnetism转变元素Transition element交换能量Positive energy exchange外价电子Outer valence electrons化学结合Chemical bond自发上磁Spontaneous magnetization磁畴Magnetic domain相反旋转Opposite span比较抗磁体、顺磁体及铁磁体Comparison of Diamagnetism, Paramagnetic & Ferromagnetism反铁磁体Antiferromagnetism亚铁磁体Ferrimagnetism磁矩magnetic moment净磁矩Net magnetic moment钢铁的主要成份The major element of steel钢铁用"碳"之含量来分类Classification of Steel according to Carbon contents 铁相Steel Phases钢铁的名称Name of steel纯铁体Ferrite渗碳体Cementitle奥氏体Austenite珠光体及共释钢Pearlite &Eutectoid奥氏体碳钢Austenite Carbon Steel单相金属Single Phase Metal共释变态Eutectoid Transformation珠光体Pearlite亚铁释体Hyppo-Eutectoid初释纯铁体Pro-entectoid ferrite过共释钢Hype-eutectoid珠光体Pearlite粗珠光体Coarse pearlite中珠光体Medium pearlite幼珠光体Fine pearlite磁性变态点Magnetic Transformation钢铁的制造Manufacturing of Steel连续铸造法Continuous casting process电炉Electric furnace均热炉Soaking pit全静钢Killed steel半静钢Semi-killed steel沸腾钢(未净钢) Rimmed steel钢铁生产流程Steel Production Flow Chart钢材的熔铸、锻造、挤压及延轧The Casting, Fogging, Extrusion, Rolling & Steel熔铸Casting锻造Fogging挤压Extrusion延轧Rolling冲剪Drawing & stamping特殊钢Special Steel简介General特殊钢以原素分类Classification of Special Steel according to Element特殊钢以用途来分类Classification of Special Steel according to End Usage易车(快削)不锈钢Free Cutting Stainless Steel含铅易车钢Leaded Free Cutting Steel含硫易车钢Sulphuric Free Cutting Steel硬化性能Hardenability钢的脆性Brittleness of Steel低温脆性Cold brittleness回火脆性Temper brittleness日工标准下的特殊钢材Specail Steel according to JIS Standard铬钢– 日工标准JIS G4104 Chrome steel to JIS G4104铬钼钢钢材– 日工标准G4105 62 Chrome Molybdenum steel to JIS G4105镍铬– 日工标准G4102 63 Chrome Nickel steel to JIS G4102镍铬钼钢– 日工标准G4103 64 Nickel, Chrome & Molybdenum Steel to JISG4103高锰钢铸– 日工标准High manganese steel to JIS standard片及板材Chapter Four-Strip, Steel & Plate冷辘低碳钢片(双单光片)(日工标准JIS G3141) 73 - 95Cold Rolled (Low carbon) Steel Strip (to JIS G 3141)简介General美材试标准的冷辘低碳钢片Cold Rolled Steel Strip American Standard – American Society for testing and materials (ASTM)日工标准JIS G3141冷辘低碳钢片(双单光片)的编号浅释Decoding of cold rolled(Low carbon)steel strip JIS G3141材料的加工性能Drawing abillity硬度Hardness表面处理Surface finish冷辘钢捆片及张片制作流程图表Production flow chart cold rolled steel coil sheet冷辘钢捆片及张片的电镀和印刷方法Cold rolled steel coil & sheet electro-plating & painting method冷辘(低碳)钢片的分类用、途、工业标准、品质、加热状态及硬度表End usages, industrial standard, quality, condition and hardness of cold rolled steel strip硬度及拉力Hardness & Tensile strength test拉伸测试(顺纹测试) Elongation test杯突测试(厚度: 0.4公厘至1.6公厘，准确至0.1公厘3个试片平均数) Erichsen test (Thickness: 0.4mm to 1.6mm, figure round up to 0.1mm)曲面(假曲率) Camber厚度及阔度公差Tolerance on Thickness & Width平坦度(阔度大于500公厘，标准回火) Flatness (width>500mm, temper: standard) 弯度Camber冷辘钢片储存与处理提示General advice on handling & storage of cold rolled steel coil & sheet防止生锈Rust Protection生锈速度表Speed of rusting焊接Welding气焊Gas Welding埋弧焊Submerged-arc Welding电阻焊Resistance Welding冷辘钢片(拉力: 30-32公斤/平方米)在没有表面处理状态下的焊接状况Spot welding conditions for bared (free from paint, oxides etc) Coldrolled mild steel sheets(T/S:30-32 Kgf/ µ m2)时间效应(老化)及拉伸应变Aging & Stretcher Strains日工标准(JIS G3141)冷辘钢片化学成份Chemical composition – cold rolled steel sheet to JIS G3141冷辘钢片的"理论重量"计算方程式Cold Rolled Steel Sheet – Theoretical mass日工标准(JIS G3141)冷辘钢片重量列表Mass of Cold-Rolled Steel Sheet to JIS G3141冷辘钢片订货需知Ordering of cold rolled steel strip/sheet其它日工标准冷轧钢片(用途及编号)JIS standard & application of other cold Rolled Special Steel电镀锌钢片或电解钢片Electro-galvanized Steel Sheet/Electrolytic Zinc Coated Steel Sheet简介General电解/电镀锌大大增强钢片的防锈能力Galvanic Action improving Weather & Corrosion Resistance of the BaseSteel Sheet上漆能力Paint Adhesion电镀锌钢片的焊接Welding of Electro-galvanized steel sheet点焊Spot welding滚焊Seam welding电镀锌(电解)钢片Electro-galvanized Steel Sheet生产流程Production Flow Chart常用的镀锌钢片(电解片)的基层金属、用途、日工标准、美材标准及一般厚度刃位错、螺位错(edge dislocation、screw dislocation)孪晶界(twin boundary)晶界（grain boundary匀晶相图somorphous共晶反应（e utectic reaction）包晶反应（peritectic reaction铁素体α (ferrite)奥氏体γ（austenite）珠光体(pearlite)固溶体（solid solution）能带（energy band）空带(vacancy band)导带（conduction band）价带（valence band）禁带（forbidden band）能隙（energy gap）弹性(elastic property)塑性（plasticity）延伸率(percentage of elongation)延伸率指的是试样拉断后标距的伸长和原始标距的百分比。
纳米复合永磁体矫顽力与晶粒尺寸的关系
山东理工大学毕业设计（论文）题目：晶粒尺寸及相分布对纳米复合永磁材料矫顽力的影响学院：理学院专业：光电信息技术学生姓名：孙海鹏指导教师：孙艳-毕业设计（论文）时间：二ОО年月日～月日共周摘要当两个相邻的磁性晶粒直接接触的时候，界面处不同取向的磁矩会产生交换耦合相互作用，使得混乱取向的磁矩平行排列，这样就导致了磁矩沿外磁场方向的分量方向增加，产生了剩磁效应。
当晶粒尺寸减小到纳米量级（1-102nm）的时候，材料的磁性能会发生显著的改变，这就是本文所研究的纳米复合永磁材料根据传统的铁磁学理论，当晶粒尺寸低于单畴粒子的临界尺寸时，晶粒将处于超顺磁状态，这显然不能解释纳米结构永磁材料硬磁性能随晶粒尺寸的变化关系。
实验研究表明:纳米结构永磁材料的剩磁随晶粒尺寸的减小而增强;而矫顽力与晶粒尺寸之间却不是单调的变化关系，对于不同的相组成，矫顽力呈现不同的变化特征(单相硬磁材料的矫顽力随晶粒尺寸减小而减小，软、硬复合材料的矫顽力则呈现出增加，或者出现极值现象。
Kneller等人（1）从理论上阐述了纳米复合永磁材料中软、硬磁性晶粒之间的交换耦合相互作用可是材料同时具有硬磁性相的高矫顽力和软磁性相的高饱和磁化强度，所以它绝缘油很高的磁能级。
Skomski&Coey（2）进一步指出：取向排列的纳米复合永磁材料的理论磁能积可达1MJ/m3，比目前的永磁性能最好的烧结NdFeB磁体的磁能积高一倍，这有可能发展成为新一代永磁材料。
大家纷纷开展纳米复合永磁材料的理论和实验研究工作。
实验结果表明：虽然纳米复合磁体的剩磁有很大提高，但是矫顽力下降太多，致使这类磁体的磁能积尚未达到烧结磁体磁能积的1/2，远低于其理论预期值. 例如，Bauer 等人的实验表明：当软磁性相α-Fe的体积分数为30%时，纳米复合永磁体的性能最好，剩磁为 1.25T，矫顽力为422Ka/m（ 5.3kOe），磁能积为185kJ/m3（≈23.3MGOe）Wang 等人通过添加元素Dy 和Nb,改进制备和热处理工艺，使纳米复合永磁体的矫顽力提高到702Ka/m（8.82kOe），但剩磁下降到 1.02T，磁能积下降到134Kj/m3（≈16.8MGOe）0 矫顽力太低是制约纳米复合永磁材料性能的关键影响因素Bauer 和Kronmǘller 等人提出：纳米复合NdFeB永磁体的矫顽力与通常的烧结及快淬粘结磁体相同，由成核反磁化机理决定，其矫顽力公式与由微米级晶粒构成的烧结磁体的矫顽力公式相似，其区别是插入一个交换耦合系数αex，以表示纳米晶粒交换耦合相互作用对磁体矫顽力的影响Zhang等人进一步指出：可以用1/(1+6βL ex/d)表示交换耦合系数!,αex，其中表示耦合程度的系数，与晶粒边界性质有关，L exβ表示铁磁交换长度，d 表示晶粒尺寸。
材料学专业名词中英文对译
常见材料学专业名词中英文对译材料科学 Material Science材料科学定义Material Science Definition加工性能 Machinability强度 Strength抗腐蚀及耐用Corrosion & resistance durability 金属特性Special metallic features抗敏感及环境保护Allergic, re-cycling & environmental protection化学元素 Chemical element元素的原子序数Atom of Elements原子及固体物质Atom and solid material原子的组成、大小、体积和单位图表The size, mass, charge of an atom, and is particles (Pronton,Nentron and Electron)原子的组织图 Atom Constitutes周期表 Periodic Table 原子键结 Atom Bonding金属与合金 Metal and Alloy铁及非铁金属Ferrous & Non Ferrous Metal金属的特性 Features of Metal晶体结构 Crystal Pattern晶体结构，定向格子及单位晶格Crystal structure, Space lattice & Unit cellX线结晶分析法X – ray crystal analyics method金属结晶格子 Metal space lattice格子常数 Lattice constant米勒指数 Mill's Index金相及相律 Metal Phase and Phase Rule固熔体 Solid solution置换型固熔体 Substitutional type solid solution插入型固熔体 Interstital solid solution金属间化物 Intermetallic compound 金属变态 Transformation变态点 Transformation Point磁性变态 Magnetic Transformation 同素变态 Allotropic Transformation合金平衡状态 Thermal Equilibrium 相律 Phase Rule自由度 Degree of freedom临界温度 Critical temperture共晶 Eutectic包晶温度 Peritectic Temperature包晶反应 Peritectic Reaction包晶合金 Peritectic Alloy亚共晶体 Hypoeutetic Alloy过共晶体 Hyper-ectectic Alloy金属塑性 Plastic Deformation滑动面 Slip Plan畸变 Distortion硬化 Work Hardening退火 Annealing回复柔软 Crystal Recovery再结晶 Recrystallization金属材料的性能及试验Properties & testing of metal化学性能 Chemical Properties物理性能 Physical Properties 颜色 Colour磁性 Magnetisum比电阻Specific resistivity & specific resistance比重Specific gravity & specific density 比热 Specific Heat热膨胀系数Coefficient of thermal expansion 导热度 Heat conductivity机械性能 Mechanical properties屈服强度Yield strength伸长度 Elongation断面缩率 Reduction of area金属材料的试验方法The Method of Metal inspection不破坏检验Non – destructive inspections渗透探伤法 Penetrate inspection 磁粉探伤法Magnetic particle inspection放射线探伤法 Radiographic inspection超声波探伤法 Ultrasonic inspection 显微观察法 Microscopicinspection破坏的检验 DestructiveInspection冲击测试 Impact Test疲劳测试 Fatigue Test潜变测试 Creep Test潜变强度 Creeps Strength第壹潜变期 Primary Creep主要金属元素之物理性质Physical properties of major Metal Elements转变元素 Transition element交换能量 Positive energy exchange外价电子 Outer valence electrons化学结合 Chemical bond钢铁的主要成份The major element of steel钢铁用"碳"之含量来分类Classification of Steel according to Carbon contents 铁相 Steel Phases钢铁的名称 Name of steel纯铁体 Ferrite渗碳体 Cementitle奥氏体 Austenite珠光体及共释钢 Pearlite &Eutectoid 奥氏体碳钢 Austenite Carbon Steel 单相金属 Single Phase Metal共释变态 Eutectoid Transformation珠光体 Pearlite过共释钢 Hype-eutectoid珠光体 Pearlite粗珠光体 Coarse pearlite中珠光体 Medium pearlite幼珠光体 Fine pearlite磁性变态点 Magnetic Transformation 钢铁的制造 Manufacturing of Steel 连续铸造法 Continuous casting process电炉 Electric furnace钢铁生产流程 Steel Production Flow Chart钢材的熔铸、锻造、挤压及延轧The Casting, Fogging, Extrusion, Rolling & Steel熔铸 Casting锻造 Fogging挤压 Extrusion延轧 Rolling冲剪 Drawing & stamping特殊钢 Special Steel简介 General特殊钢以原素分类Classification of Special Steel according to Element特殊钢以用途来分类Classification of Special Steel according to End UsageSulphuric Free Cutting Steel硬化性能 Hardenability钢的脆性 Brittleness of Steel 低温脆性 Cold brittleness回火脆性 Temper brittleness 材料的加工性能 Drawing abillity 硬度 Hardness表面处理 Surface finish End usages, industrial standard, quality, condition and hardness of cold rolled steel strip硬度及拉力 Hardness & Tensile strength test拉伸测试(顺纹测试) Elongation test 曲面(假曲率) Camber防止生锈 Rust Protection生锈速度表 Speed of rusting焊接 Welding气焊 Gas Welding埋弧焊 Submerged-arc Welding电阻焊 Resistance Welding电解/电镀锌大大增强钢片的防锈能力Galvanic Action improving Weather & Corrosion Resistance of the Base Steel Sheet上漆能力 Paint Adhesion电镀锌钢片的焊接Welding of Electro-galvanized steel sheet点焊 Spot welding滚焊 Seam welding电镀锌(电解)钢片Electro-galvanized Steel Sheet生产流程 Production Flow Chart锌镀层质量 Zinc Coating Mass表面处理 Surface Treatment冷轧钢片 Cold-Rolled SteelSheet/Strip热轧钢片 Hot-Rolled Sheet/Strip电解冷轧钢片厚度公差Thickness Tolerance of Electrolytic Cold-rolled sheet热轧钢片厚度公差Thickness Tolerance of Hot-rolled sheet冷轧或热轧钢片阔度公差 Width Tolerance of Cold or Hot-rolled sheet 长度公差 Length Tolerance理论质量 Theoretical Mass简介 General硬度 Hardness钢的种类 Type of Steel表面处理 Surface Finish常用尺寸 Commonly Used Size 电器用硅 [硅] 钢片 Electrical Steel Sheet软磁材料 Soft Magnetic Material硬磁材料 Hard Magnetic Material最大能量积 Maximum Energy Product 晶粒取向(Grain-Oriented)及非晶粒取向(Non-Oriented)Grain Oriented & Non-Oriented电器用硅 [硅] 钢片的最终用途及规格End Usage and Designations of Electrical Steel Strip电器用的硅 [硅] 钢片之分类Classification of Silicon Steel Sheet for Electrical Use电器用钢片的绝缘涂层Performance of Surface Insulation of Electrical Steel Sheets退火Annealing电器用钢片用家需自行应力退火原因Annealing of the Electrical Steel Sheet退火时注意事项 Annealing Precautionary提防过份氧化 No Excessive Oxidation应力退火温度Stress –relieving Annealing Temperature绝缘表面 Surface Insulation镀铝硅合金钢片的特色Feature of Aluminized Silicon Alloy Steel Sheet用途 End Usages抗化学品能力 Chemical Resistance 公差 Size Tolerance焊接能力 Weldability钢板 Steel Plate钢板用途分类及各国钢板的工业标准包括日工标准及美材试标准Type of steel Plate & Related JIS, ASTM and Other Major Industrial Standards钢板生产流程 Production Flow Chart 钢板订货需知 Ordering of Steel Plate不锈钢 Stainless Steel不锈钢的定义Definition of Stainless Steel不锈钢之分类，耐腐蚀性及耐热性Classification, Corrosion Resistant & Heat Resistance of Stainless Steel 铁铬系不锈钢片Chrome Stainless Steel表面处理 Surface finish不锈钢片机械性能(301, 304, 631, CSP) Mechanical Properties of Spring use Stainless Steel不锈钢–种类，工业标准，化学成份，特点及主要用途Stainless Steel – Type, Industrial Standard, Chemical Composition, Characteristic & end usage of the most commonly used Stainless Steel 不锈钢薄片用途例End Usage of Thinner Gauge不锈钢片、板用途例Examples of End Usages of Strip, Sheet & Plate不锈钢应力退火卷片常用规格名词图解General Specification of Tension Annealed Stainless Steel Strips耐热不锈钢Heat-Resistance Stainless Steel 镍铬系耐热不锈钢特性、化学成份、及操作温度Heat-Resistance Stainless Steel 铬系耐热钢Chrome Heat Resistance Steel镍铬耐热钢Ni - Cr Heat Resistance Steel超耐热钢Special Heat Resistance Steel抗热超级合金Heat Resistance Super Alloy边缘处理 Edge Finish硬度 Hardness高碳钢化学成份及用途高碳钢片 High Carbon Steel Strip 分类 Classification用组织结构分类 Classification According to Grain Structure用含碳量分类–即低碳钢、中碳钢及高碳钢 Classification According to Carbon Contains弹簧用碳钢片CarbonSteel Strip For Spring Use 冷轧状态 Cold Rolled Strip回火状态 Annealed Strip淬火及回火状态Hardened & Tempered Strip/ Precision – Quenched Steel Strip贝氏体钢片 Bainite Steel Strip弹簧用碳钢片材之边缘处理 Edge Finished淬火剂 Quenching Media碳钢回火 Tempering回火有低温回火及高温回火Low & High Temperature Tempering 高温回火High Temperature Tempering退火 Annealing完全退火 Full Annealing扩散退火 Diffusion Annealing低温退火 Low Temperature Annealing 中途退火 Process Annealing球化退火 Spheroidizing Annealing光辉退火 Bright Annealing淬火 Quenching时间淬火 Time Quenching奥氏铁孻回火 Austempering马氏铁体淬火 Marquenching高碳钢片用途 End Usage of High Carbon Steel Strip冷轧高碳钢–日本工业标准Cold-Rolled (Special Steel) Carbon Steel Strip to JIS G3311电镀金属钢片 Plate Metal Strip电镀金属捆片的优点Advantage of Using Plate Metal Strip 金属捆片电镀层Plated Layer of Plated Metal Strip 镀镍 Nickel Plated镀铬 Chrome Plated镀黄铜 Brass Plated基层金属 Base Metal of Plated Metal Strip低碳钢或铁基层金属Iron & Low Carbon as Base Metal不锈钢基层金属 Stainless Steel as Base Metal铜基层金属 Copper as Base Metal 黄铜基层金属 Brass as Base Metal 轴承合金 Bearing Alloy易溶合金 Fusible Alloy化学成份 Chemical Composition机械性能 Mechanical Properties化学成份 Chemical composition Manufacturing Method应用材料 Material Used特点 Characteristic用途 End Usages材料的类型Types of materials, metals, ceramics, polymers, composites, elastomer部分材料性质复习Review of selected properties of materials,电导率和电阻率conductivity and resistivity,热导率thermal conductivity,应力和应变stress and strain,弹性应变elastic strain,塑性应变plastic strain,屈服强度yield strength,最大抗拉强度ultimate tensile strength,最大强度ultimate strength,延展性ductility,伸长率elongation,断面收缩率reduction of area,颈缩necking,断裂强度breaking strength,韧性toughness,硬度hardness,疲劳强度fatigue strength,蜂窝 honeycomb,热脆性 heat shortness,晶胞中的原子数atoms per cell,点阵lattice, 阵点lattice point, 点阵参数lattice parameter,密排六方hexagonal close-packed, 六方晶胞hexagonal unit cell,体心立方body-centered cubic,面心立方face-centered cubic,弥勒指数Miller indices,晶面crystal plane,晶系crystal system,晶向crystal direction,相变机理Phase transformation mechanism: 成核生长相变nucleation–growth transition,斯宾那多分解spinodal decomposition,有序无序转变disordered-order transition,马氏体相变martensite phase transformation，成核nucleation,成核机理nucleation mechanism,成核势垒nucleation barrier,晶核，结晶中心nucleus of crystal, 金属组织的）基体quay,基体，基块，基质，结合剂matrix, 子晶，雏晶matted crystal,耔晶，晶种seed crystal,耔晶取向seed orientation,籽晶生长seeded growth,均质核化homogeneous nucleation, 异质核化heterogeneous nucleation, 均匀化热处理homogenization heat treatment,熟料 grog,自恰场self-consistent field固溶体Solid solution:有序固溶体ordered solid solution, 无序固溶体disordered solid solution,有序合金ordered alloy,无序合金disordered alloy.无序点阵disordered lattice,分散，扩散，弥散dispersal,分散剂dispersant,分散剂，添加剂dispersant additive, 分散剂，弥散剂dispersant agent缺陷defect, imperfection,点缺陷point defect,线缺陷 line defect, dislocation,面缺陷interface defect, surface defect,体缺陷volume defect,位错排列dislocation arrangement, 位错阵列dislocation array,位错气团dislocation atmosphere,位错轴dislocation axis,位错胞dislocation cell,位错爬移dislocation climb, 位错滑移dislocation slip, dislocation movement by slip,位错聚结dislocation coalescence, 位错核心能量dislocation core energy,位错裂纹dislocation crack,位错阻尼dislocation damping,位错密度dislocation density,体积膨胀volume dilation,体积收缩volume shrinkage,回火tempering,退火annealing,退火的，软化的softened,软化退火，软化（处理）softening, 淬火quenching,淬火硬化quenching hardening,正火normalizing, normalization, 退火织构annealing texture,人工时效artificial aging,细长比aspect ratio,形变热处理ausforming,等温退火austempering,奥氏体austenite,奥氏体化austenitizing,贝氏体bainite,马氏体martensite,马氏体淬火marquench,马氏体退火martemper,马氏体时效钢maraging steel,渗碳体cementite,固溶强化solid solution strengthening,钢屑混凝土steel chips concrete,水玻璃，硅酸钠sodium silicate,水玻璃粘结剂sodium silicate binder, 硅酸钠类防水剂sodium silicate waterproofing agent,扩散diffusion,扩散系数diffusivity,相变phase transition,烧结sintering,固相反应solid-phase reaction,相图与相结构phase diagrams and phase structures ,相phase,组分component,自由度freedom,相平衡phase equilibrium, 吉布斯相律Gibbs phase rule,吉布斯自由能Gibbs free energy,吉布斯混合能Gibbs energy of mixing, 吉布斯熵Gibbs entropy,吉布斯函数Gibbs function,相平衡phase balance,相界phase boundary,相界线 phase boundary line,相界交联 phase boundary crosslinking,相界有限交联phase boundary crosslinking,相界反应phase boundary reaction, 相变phase change,相组成phase composition,共格相 phase-coherent,金相相组织 phase constentuent,相分布phase distribution,相平衡常数phase equilibrium constant,相平衡图phase equilibrium diagram, 相分离phase segregation, phase separation,玻璃分相phase separation in glasses,相序phase order, phase sequence, 相稳定性phase stability,相态phase state,相稳定区phase stabile range,相变温度phase transition temperature,相变压力phase transition pressure, 同质多晶转变polymorphic transformation,相平衡条件phase equilibrium conditions,显微结构microstructures,不混溶固溶体immiscible solid solution,转熔型固溶体peritectic solid solution,低共熔体eutectoid，crystallization, 不混溶性immiscibility,固态反应solid state reaction,烧结sintering,相变机理Phase transformation mechanism: 成核生长相变nucleation–growth transition,斯宾那多分解spinodal decomposition,有序无序转变disordered-order transition,马氏体相变martensite phase transformation，成核nucleation,成核机理nucleation mechanism,成核势垒nucleation barrier,晶核，结晶中心nucleus of crystal, （金属组织的）基体quay,基体，基块，基质，结合剂matrix, 子晶，雏晶matted crystal,耔晶，晶种seed crystal,耔晶取向seed orientation,籽晶生长seeded growth,均质核化homogeneous nucleation, 异质核化heterogeneous nucleation, 均匀化热处理homogenization heat treatment。
磁性测量术语
magnetic field 磁场elementary magnetic dipole 基本磁偶极子Magnetically hard material 永磁/硬磁材料electrical steel电工钢Magnetically soft material 软磁材料semi-processed半加工remanence 剩磁(Jr. Br) maximum polarization 最大磁极化强度Remanent flux density 剩余磁通密度domain wall畴壁coercivity 矫顽力(HcB) Coercive field strength-矫顽力intrinsic coercivity内禀矫顽力(HcJ) field strength磁场强度Magnetic induction 磁感应强度B electric potential 电位maximum energy product最大磁能积BH(max) moment磁矩J(H)退磁曲线B(H)磁滞回线polarisation 磁极化强度magnetic flux density磁通密度magnetic hysteresis磁滞fluxmeter 磁通计manometer压力计comunication interface 通讯接口gausser高斯计(磁强计) coercimeter矫顽磁力计vibrometer测振仪permeameter 磁导计feebly magnetic material弱磁材料saturation magnetization饱和磁化强度fixture 固定装置saturation magnetic polarization 饱和磁极化强度Saturation magnetization (mass) density 饱和磁化(质量)密度Specific saturation magnetization 比饱和磁化强度Magnetic dipole moment 磁偶极矩incremental loop增量回线gnetic moment磁矩magnetic potential磁位eddy current loss涡流损耗curve曲线loop回线commutation curve换向曲线Magnetic anisotropy 磁各向异性magnetic texture 磁织构Induced magnetic anisotropy 感生磁各向异性Magnetic anisotropic substance磁各向异性物质Grain-oriented material晶体取向材料drill钻头fuse保险丝Thermally neutralized state 热致磁中性状态virgin state初始状态Technical Specification 技术协议Drift漂移NIM National Institute of Metrology中国计量科学研究院IEC International Electrotechnical Comission国际电工技术委员会DIN Deutsch Industrial Norman 德国标准German Institute of Standardization GB国标ASTM标准: American Society for Testing Material 美国试验材料学会QMS: Quality Management System质量管理系统housing 测量主机temperature pole caps 高温极头thermocouple 热电偶Thermal element热敏原件surrounding coils 环绕线圈integrated heating elements集成加热元件Room Temperature measurement 常温测量Pole Measuring极头测量Segment pole coils瓦型极头线圈Internal calibration内部校准field coil 场线圈pole coil极头线圈(arc) segment 瓦形square shape 方形Cubic立方体Cylindrical圆柱体cylinder n.汽缸；圆柱状物ellipsoid椭圆体ring measuring cable 环行测量线Reference Samples 标准样品Ferrite Reference Sample 铁氧体标准样品Measuring range测量范围NdFeB Reference Sample 钕铁硼标准样品Resolution分辨率Shrink fitting冷缩配合/烧嵌radial compression径向压缩Nickel Reference Sample 镍标准样品Permanent Magnet永磁体3D-Helmholtz Coil 三维亥姆霍兹线圈Electro magnet 电磁铁changeable pole cap可更换极头voltage generator 电压发生器voltage integrator电压积分器voltage indicator 电压指示器Measuring desk with Container测量桌带货柜Integrator with very low drift with 24 bit A/D-converter积分器低漂移带24bit A/D转换器Windows-program多窗口界面Input resistance输入电阻Interfaces接口Connectors:Thermovoltage miniconnectors连接器：热电压微型连接器data bank数据库printer打印机curves测量曲线data storage in an EXCEL-compatible数据存储Excel兼容Heating module加热模块Pole cap diameter极头直径Inner diameter内径temperature poles温度极头thermovoltage mini socket热电压微型插座Homogeneous Dia 平均直径Pole Face Dia 极面直径with feeder clamp connection与馈线夹连接Incl. BROCKHAUS-Certificate带Brockhaus计量证书Allocation of filenames分配文件名称depending on air-gap and pole cap取决于空气间隙与极头Electrical drawings电气图Mechanical drawings机械图Drawings of part lists零部件图Hardware set up硬件调试LDR abbr. 光敏电阻（light dependent resistor）PLM 脉冲宽度调制（Pulse-Length Modulation）PWM abbr. 脉冲宽度调制（Pulse-Width Modulation）carbon fiber 碳化纤维，碳素纤维optical fiber 光纤，光导纤维steel fiber 钢纤维；金属纤维fiber laser 纤维激光器AlNiCo 铝镍钴ferrite 铁氧体SmCo钐Shan钴磁铁NdFeB 钕铁硼slitting分条single notching单冲槽Steel plate shearer剪板机interlocking with orientation定向铆接Design and manufacture of carbide dies 硬质合金模具的设计和制造Annealing and steam bluing 退火和发蓝core welding 铁芯焊接Plastic overmoulding注塑rotor die casting转子压铸Shaft insertion with liquid nitrogen 液态氮轴压入ventilation通风设备Shaft production and assembling 轴的生产和组装aerospace航空/天Axial 轴向的radial辐射的multipolar多极的skewed偏斜的Amorphous alloy非晶态合金cemented carbides硬质合金Austenitic stainless steel奥氏体不锈钢solenoid 螺旋管Plasma cutting machine等离子切割机carbide stamping硬质合金冲压Blanking落料notching槽冲plastic overmoulding 注塑生产线Automatic press machine自动压缩机high corrosion高耐腐蚀性Low temperature coefficients 低温度系数scanner扫描仪Parallelogram 平行四边形diagonal 对角线，斜的stamping冲压annealing退火welding焊接Generator stator and rotor parts发电机定转子部件Actuator motor执行器电机crane stator 起重机用电机定子Pressure-riveting压铆laminations for automobile motor汽车电机铁芯Synergy 协同cocking-up上翘EV Electron V olt电子伏特HEV Hybrid Electrical Vehicle混合动力汽车Hydraulic pump 液压驱动vibration free table减震桌Electric cabinet 电控柜barrier frequency截至频率Homogeneous primary windings 均匀的初级绕组Horizontal transmissibility 水平性传输resonance协振Elliptically rotation椭圆旋转angular velocity角速度A real time acquisition system实时采集系统phase control相差lead time投产前准备阶段interlocking咬合gluing粘合Clamping固定/夹紧burr毛边/铁屑anneal退火/韧炼Amortization分期偿还elongation延展力coax plug共轴插头Exciting current励磁电流software editor软件编辑器Hydraulic cylinder液压缸log files记录文件/日志文件Profilograph 轮廓曲线仪纵断面测绘仪表面光度仪Unloading problems卸货问题trolly货车/推车Communication protocol(计算机)通讯协议vacuum plate真空板Sucker吸盘torque force扭力vacuum pumps真空泵Bending machine 折床warranty guarantee授权保证Meeting minutes会议纪要rectangular/sinusoidal wave矩形波/正弦波magnetizing current励磁电流amplitude stability 放大稳定性The integral of the secondary voltage 次级电压的积分measuring gauge(n. 计量器；)测量仪Function generator信号发生器Using Wattmeter-Ammeter-V oltmeter Method用功率表/电流表/电压表ARCNET interface-card ARCNET网络接口卡等NO material无取向试样Magnetic displacement磁位移PO是指采购订单生产计划是依据客户的采购订单(客户PO)Ambit 范围/周围gauge测量器mechanical lifters机械升起装置connection screws螺钉连接solenoidn. [电] 螺线管；螺线形电导管control loop控制回路Higher Harmonics高次谐波DC Bias直流偏磁Higher centrifugal force高离心力control algorithm控制算法Ceramic陶瓷的strain gauge变形测量器Load cell称重传感器/测力传感器sample clamp样品夹G-clamp螺旋夹钳OD/ID(outside/inside diameter)外直径/内直径Sintered magnet烧结磁铁slot ripple线槽脉冲thermal demagnetization热退磁setup, commissioning (acceptance test)设定、命令（接收测试）operation of machine, Trouble shooting, calibration and adjustment and maintenance机器操作、问题处理、校正与调试维护radium半径Magnetic moment磁矩helmholtz coil 亥姆霍兹线圈。
冶金行业常用英文
冶金科技英语必备词汇•turnout 产量、产额•total assets 总资产•Scientific development concept 科学发展观•development strategy 发展战略•variety 品种•specifications 规格•iron and steel industry 钢铁工业•design Production capacity 设计产台匕能匕•ton 吨•hot rolled sheet (coil) 热轧板(卷) •cold rolled sheet (coil) 冷轧板(卷) •hot rolled rebar 热轧带肋钢筋•angle steel 角钢•channel steel 槽车冈•narrow strip 窄带钢•converter 转炉•oxygen top-bottom blowing 氧气顶底复吹•hot metal mixer 混铁炉•4-strands caster 四流连铸机•ladle钢包•LF(Ladle Furnace)精炼炉•6-strands billet caster 六流方坯连铸机•hot metal desulphurization station 铁水炉外脱硫系统•extract 提炼•flux 熔化；焊剂；溶剂•ore 矿石•slag 炉渣•gangue 脉石•concentrate (矿)精矿•electrolysis 电解•hot blast stove 热风炉•blast furnace 高炉•BFG (blaster furnace gas) 高炉煤气•Iron oxide power 氧化铁粉•impurity 杂质•spring 弹簧•liner n 炉衬•silicon 硅•brick 砖，砖•refractory耐火的，耐熔的n.耐火材料•magnesia 氧化镁•dolomite 白云石•lime 石灰•open hearth 平炉•calcium 钙•raw material 原料•post-treatment 炉外精炼，后处理•electric-arc furnace 电弧炉•iron-bearing materials 含铁原料•fuel 燃料•oxide 氧化物•sulphide 硫化物•sulfur 硫carbonate 碳酸盐magnetite 磁铁矿hematite 赤铁矿limonite 褐铁矿siderite 菱铁矿hydrous 含水的reducible 可还原的soft coal 烟煤hard coal 无烟煤coal injection 喷煤sintering 烧结alloy 合金weld 焊接scrap废钢，废料soaking furnace 均热炉cast iron 铸铁lead 铅magnetic alloy 磁合金solar furnace太阳能炉solute溶质solution 溶解spangles 锌花density 密度elongation 延伸率gravity 比重power单位功率strength 强度volume体积weight重量spectroscopic analysis 光谱分析graphite 石墨spindle 轴splash 飞溅sponge iron 海绵铁spot welder 点焊机spray喷雾spray coating 喷涂spray cooling喷雾冷去却square ingot 方钢锭stand机座steam蒸汽steam pump蒸汽泵steel band 钢带steel bar 钢条steel construction 钢结构steel pipe 钢管steel tapping hole 出钢口steel tapping spout 出钢槽stockyard料场;成品库stopper 塞棒structural steel 结构钢valve阀门sulfur removal 脱硫superficial hardening 表面淬火support roll 支承辐surface hardness 表面硬度heat treatment 热处理property 性质tension 表面张力suspended particles 悬浮颗粒pig iron 生铁ore矿石crushing 破碎yield产率grinding 磨碎screening 筛分separation 分选hand sorting 手选limestone石灰石primary crushing 粗碎secondary rushing 中碎fine crushing 2田碎filter过滤机feeding给矿，给料chemical process 化学过程metallurgical process 冶金过程chemical reaction 化学反应direct reduction 直接还原indirect reduction 间接还原vacuum decarburization 真空脱碳surface tension 表面张力coking炼焦high temperature carbonization 高温炭化coal preparation, coal washing 洗煤coal blending 酉己煤coking coal 炼焦煤coke oven 焦炉coal charging 装煤refractory materials 耐火材料joint接头lump ore 块矿ore fines 粉矿coal injection 喷煤coke ratio, coke rate 焦比furnace condition 炉况throat炉喉bosh炉腹shaft 炉身belly炉腰hearth炉缸bottom炉底•bosh angle 炉腹角•stack angle 炉身角•iron notch, slag notch 铁口•slag runner 渣沟•tapping sample 出钢样•casting sample 浇铸样•coolant冷却剂•return slag 回炉渣•vacuum degassing 真空脱气•bending roll 弯曲辐•thin-slab casting薄板坯连铸机•liquid core 液芯•driving roll 驱动辐•blowhole 气孔•vertical guide roll 导辑•cast iron 铸铁•straightening roll 矫直辐•wrought iron 熟铁•reinforced bar steel 钢筋钢•hot metal pretreatment 铁水预处理•process scrap加工废钢，边角废料•deoxidation 脱氧，还原•sheared end切头，切尾•finished product 成品•contamination 污染，污染物•rejected material 废品，废料•fluorspar，萤石，氟石•circulate （使）运行，（使）循环•machinability机械加工性，切削性•fireproof 耐火的•blower 送风机•pipe输送管•acetylene 乙炔•electric arc welding 电弧焊oxyacetylene flame 氧炔焰forge锻造flat-die forging 平模锻造oxyhydrogen flame 氢氧焰grainy structure颗粒状结构tungsten 鸨thermal cutting 热切害Ubinder粘合剂shell molding 壳型铸造pressure 压，压力deformation 变形finishing area 精整区roughing rolls 粗轧机组marking做记号，做标记packing 包装stacking 堆垛deep-drawing 深冲，深压semis半成品的semi-finished 半制成品slab板坯，板材bloom初坯，大方坯，毛坯conveyor belt 输送皮带screen筛选pelletize使成颗粒状ignite点火refractory brick 耐火砖liquid slag液体［液态］炉渣stock house 料仓skimmer撇渣器gas cleaning equipment 高炉气净化装置slag pit 渣池skip car 料车brick lining 砖内衬•cast house出铁场，铸造浇铸场•blower house 鼓风机室•chutes 斜道•hot metal car铁水罐运输车•slag ladle 钢渣罐•hot blast热鼓风•cleaned gas 净化气•waste gas stack 废气烟囱•hot dirty furnace gas 高炉废气•combustion chamber （排渣式）燃烧室•molten iron 铁水•cold rolled steel sheets 冷轧薄板•hot rolled steel coil 热轧钢卷•pickled steel sheets 酸洗薄板•pickled carbon steel coil 酸洗碳钢卷•color coating & Galvanizing 涂镀•rolled steel coil 轧钢卷•stainless steel coil 不锈钢卷•picking 酸洗•cold rolling 冷轧•annealing 退火•color coated & Galvanized steel sheets 涂镀薄板•cold Annealed steel coil 冷轧退火卷•color coated & hot Galvanized steel coil彩涂热镀锌卷•stainless steel 不锈钢•Hot rolled Carbon steel 热轧普碳钢•cold-rolled steel sheets 冷轧钢板•cold-rolled steel strip 冷轧带钢•common straight carbon steel 普通碳素钢•galvanized steel coil 镀锌钢板•steel strip 车钢带mill轧机annealing furnace 罩式退火炉cold hard rolled coils 冷硬卷unwinding speed 开卷速度side trimmer 切边剪mill entry 轧机入口mill exit轧机出口rolling force 轧制力intermediate roll中间辐surface quality control technology 表面质量控制技术jet type pickling 喷射酸洗tension meter roll 张力计辐deflector roll 转向辐pickling tank 酸洗槽nozzle喷嘴water quench tank 水封槽submerged inner cover 侵入式内盖cover liften开盖装置waste acid 废酸acid supply piping 供酸管道rinse water 漂洗水scarp chopper 碎边剪tightness test 密封测试cooling hood 冷却罩flow meter 流量计vertical jig 立式夹钳three claw jig 三爪夹钳housing 牌坊tension meter looper 张力计活套semi-endless rolling 半无头轧制recristallized 再结晶的microstructure 组织iron-Carbide-Diagram 铁碳相图ladle turret钢包回转台tundish中间包mould结晶器pendulum shear 摆剪liquid Core Reduction (LCR) 液芯压下slab板坯electro Magnetic Brake ( EMBr)电磁制动submerged Entry Nozzle (SEN)® 入式水口strand铸流caster连铸机secondary cooling water 二冷水bending unit顶弯装置segment扇形段withdrawal/ straightener unit 拉矫机funnel漏斗dummy bar弓|锭杆nozzle喷嘴strip带钢profile 板形diameter 直径Wiper切水板heater力口热器BUR balancing支承辐平衡dynamic profile control (DPC) 动态凸度控制screw down system (SDS) 压下系统pump 泵water tank 水箱water catcher水收集器flow流量•stand control 机架控制•strip tracking 带钢跟踪•Continuously Variable Crown （CVC）工作辐窜辐•Profile. Contour and Flatness Control （PCFC）板形，凸度，平直度控制•roller hearth furnace 辐底式炉•side guides （SG）侧导•flatness平直度•looper 活套•Automatic Gauge Control （AGC）自动厚度控制•Work Roll Bending （WRB）弯辐•swivel辐缝调平•emergency stop 急停•descaler除鳞机•width宽度•main drive 主传动•tension 张力•emergency shear 事故剪•Low/High Pressure （LP/HP）低、高压•Finish Mill （FM）轧机区•roll change（RC）换辐•cool冷却•alarm报警•Drive Side （DS）传动侧•Operate Side （OS）操作侧•work roll （WR）工作辐•backup roll（BUR）支撑辐•bending force 弯辊力•roll force 轧制力•differentials roll force 轧制力偏差length长度Motor马达bearing 轴承edger立辊lubrication 润滑crown凸度back up roll data支承辑数据walking beam 步进梁strapping打捆机marking 喷印机conveyor运输链chute plate 斜槽板wrapper roll 助卷辐mandrel bearing夕卜支撑臂downcoiler （DC）地下卷取机laminar cooling （LC）层流冷去却yield屈服强度temperature 温度pinch roll夹送辐mandrel 卷筒cross spray 侧喷水stripper car 卸卷小车lift car 提升小车weighting machine 称重机revolution 转速torque扭矩Run Out Table （ROT）输出辐道sampling station 取样站auxiliary drive 辅助传动breast roll 机架辐thickness 厚度hold downroller 压紧辐uncooled head头部不冷却mandrel collapse 芯轴收缩reset复位lock锁定cradle roll 托辐corrected position 位置修正rod活塞杆piston 丫舌塞monitoring 监视winding 绕组fan风扇oil lube 油管threading 穿带recoiling 重卷hydraulic cylinder 液压缸elongation 延伸率work roll bender工作辐弯辐feed table进料平台surface roughness 表面粗糙度coilpreparation station 钢卷准备站entry side walking beam 入□步进梁pneumatic system 气动系统straightener 矫直机walking beam conveyor 步进梁式运输链constant pressure control 恒压力控制strap捆带hydraulic oil 液压油peeler开卷器coil-holder cradle 托卷鞍座conveying table 输送台device for measuring coil width and for coil vertical centering 钢卷宽度测量和垂直对中装置•entry coil car 入□运卷小车•roller-holder cradle 托卷辐snubber roll 缓冲辐scrap box 废料箱traversable single mandrel pay-off reel 横移式单卷筒开卷机guiding table废料导向台pusher plate 推板coil-holder car 托卷小车coil measuring device 钢卷检测系统chock clamp轴承座锁紧strip centering device 带钢对中装置entry equipment 入口设备exit equipment 出口设备traversable tension reel 横移式张力卷取机chain wrapper链式助卷器edge sensing device边部检测装置unload car卸卷小车constant position control 恒位置控制guillotine shear 切头剪HGC, balancing, crowning system 液压压下、平衡和弯辊系统vertical roller guides 立辑侧导end support arm 外支撑spindle coupling 联轴器coil weighing device 钢卷称重装置automatic marking machine 自动喷号机car to feed coil to rolling line 上卷小车back tension pinch roll 后张力夹送辐unwinding speed 开卷速度anticoil-break roller 防皱辐back-up polisher支承辐擦拭器stand protection机架保护装置•push-up roll 下压辐•strap head 打捆头•pass line adjusting device 轧制线调整系统•Hot Annealing & Pickling Line 热轧带退火酸洗机组•Cold Annealing and Picking Line 冷轧带退火酸洗机组•Cold rolled Annealing and PickingLine冷轧退火酸洗机组•Skin Pass Mill 平整机组•Tension Leveling Line 张力矫直(拉矫机)物料科学Material Science物料科学定义Material Science Definition加工性能Machinability强度Strength抗腐蚀及耐用Corrosion & resistance durability金属特性Special metallic features抗敏感及环境保护Allergic, re-cycling & environmental protection化学元素Chemical element元素的原子序数Atom of Elements原子及固体物质Atom and solid material原子的组成、大小、体积和单位图表The size, mass, charge of an atom, and is particles (Pronton,Nentron and Electron)原子的组织图Atom Constitutes周期表Periodic Table原子键结Atom Bonding金属与合金Metal and Alloy铁及非铁金属Ferrous & Non Ferrous Metal金属的特性Features of Metal晶体结构Crystal Pattern晶体结构，定向格子及单位晶格Crystal structure, Space lattice & Unit cellX线结晶分析法X - ray crystal analyics method金属结晶格子Metal space lattice格子常数Lattice constant米勒指数Mill's Index金相及相律Metal Phase and Phase Rule固熔体Solid solution置换型固熔体Substitutional type solid solution 插入型固熔体Interstital solid solution金属间化物Intermetallic compound金属变态Transformation变态点Transformation Point磁性变态Magnetic Transformation同素变态Allotropic Transformation合金平衡状态Thermal Equilibrium相律Phase Rule自由度Degree of freedom临界温度Critical temperture共晶Eutectic包晶温度Peritectic Temperature包晶反应Peritectic Reaction包晶合金Peritectic Alloy亚共晶体Hypoeutetic Alloy过共晶体Hyper-ectectic Alloy金属的相融、相融温度、晶体反应及合金在共晶合金、固熔孺共晶合金及偏晶反应的比较Equilibrium Comparision金属塑性Plastic Deformation滑动面Slip Plan畸变Distortion硬化Work Hardening退火Annealing回复柔软Crystal Recovery再结晶Recrystallization金属材料的性能及试验Properties & testing of metal化学性能Chemical Properties物理性能Physical Properties颜色Colour磁性Magnetisum比电阻Specific resistivity & specific resistance比重Specific gravity & specific density比热Specific Heat热膨胀系数Coefficient of thermal expansion导热度Heat conductivity机械性能Mechanical properties屈服强度(降伏强度)(Yield strangth)弹性限度、阳氏弹性系数及屈服点elastic limit, Yeung's module of elasticity to yield point 伸长度Elongation断面缩率Reduction of area金属材料的试验方法The Method of Metal inspection不破坏检验Non - destructive inspections渗透探伤法Penetrate inspection磁粉探伤法Magnetic particle inspection放射线探伤法Radiographic inspection超声波探伤法Ultrasonic inspection显微观察法Microscopic inspection破坏的检验Destructive Inspection冲击测试Impact Test疲劳测试Fatigue Test潜变测试Creep Test潜变强度Creeps Strength第壹潜变期Primary Creep 第二潜变期Secondary Creep 第三潜变期Tertiary Creep主要金属元素之物理性质Physical properties of major Metal Elements工业标准及规格-铁及非铁金属Industrial Standard - Ferrous & Non - ferrous Metal磁力Magnetic 简介General 软磁Soft Magnetic 硬磁Hard Magnetic 磁场Magnetic Field 磁性感应Magnetic Induction 透磁度Magnetic Permeability 磁化率Magnetic Susceptibility (Xm)磁力(Magnetic Force)及磁场(Magnetic Field)是因物料里的电子(Electron)活动而产生抗磁体、顺磁体、铁磁体、反铁磁体及亚铁磁体Diamagnetism, Paramagnetic, Ferromagnetism,Antiferromagnetism & Ferrimagnetism 抗磁体Diamagnetism 磁偶极子Dipole 负磁力效应Negative effect 顺磁体Paramagnetic正磁化率Positive magnetic susceptibility铁磁体Ferromagnetism 转变元素Transition element 交换能量Positive energy exchange 外价电子Outer valence electrons 化学结合Chemical bond自发上磁Spontaneous magnetization 磁畴Magnetic domain 相反旋转Opposite span 比较抗磁体、顺磁体及铁磁体Comparison of Diamagnetism, Paramagnetic & Ferromagnetism 反铁磁体Antiferromagnetism 亚铁磁体Ferrimagnetism 磁矩magnetic moment 净磁矩Net magnetic moment 钢铁的主要成份The major element of steel 钢铁用"碳”之含量来分类Classification of Steel according to Carbon contents铁相Steel Phases钢铁的名称Name of steel纯铁体Ferrite渗碳体Cementitle奥氏体Austenite 珠光体及共释钢Pearlite &Eutectoid奥氏体碳钢Austenite Carbon Steel单相金属Single Phase Metal共释变态Eutectoid Transformation珠光体Pearlite 亚铁释体Hyppo-Eutectoid初释纯铁体Pro-entectoid ferrite过共释钢Hype-eutectoid珠光体Pearlite粗珠光体Coarse pearlite中珠光体Medium pearlite幼珠光体Fine pearlite磁性变态点Magnetic Transformation钢铁的制造Manufacturing of Steel连续铸造法Continuous casting process电炉Electric furnace均热炉Soaking pit全静钢Killed steel半静钢Semi-killed steel沸腾钢（未净钢）Rimmed steel钢铁生产流程Steel Production Flow Chart钢材的熔铸、锻造、挤压及延轧The Casting, Fogging, Extrusion, Rolling & Steel熔铸Casting锻造Fogging挤压Extrusion延轧Rolling冲剪Drawing & stamping特殊钢Special Steel简介General特殊钢以原素分类Classification of Special Steel according to Element特殊钢以用途来分类Classification of Special Steel according to End Usage 易车（快削）不锈钢Free Cutting Stainless Steel含铅易车钢Leaded Free Cutting Steel含硫易车钢Sulphuric Free Cutting Steel硬化性能Hardenability钢的脆性Brittleness of Steel低温脆性Cold brittleness回火脆性Temper brittleness日工标准下的特殊钢材Specail Steel according to JIS Standard铭钢-日工标准JIS G4104Chrome steel to JIS G4104铭钼钢钢材-日工标准G4105 62Chrome Molybdenum steel to JIS G4105银铭-日工标准G4102 63Chrome Nickel steel to JIS G4102银铭钼钢-日工标准G4103 64Nickel, Chrome & Molybdenum Steel to JIS G4103高锰钢铸-日工标准High manganese steel to JIS standard片及板材Chapter Four-Strip, Steel & Plate冷辘低碳钢片(双单光片)(日工标准JIS G3141) 73 - 95Cold Rolled (Low carbon) Steel Strip (to JIS G 3141)简介General美材试标准的冷辘低碳钢片Cold Rolled Steel Strip American Standard - American Society for testing and materials (ASTM)日工标准JIS G3141冷辘低碳钢片(双单光片)的编号浅释Decoding of cold rolled(Low carbon)steel strip JIS G3141材料的加工性能Drawing abillity硬度Hardness表面处理Surface finish冷辘钢捆片及张片制作流程图表Production flow chart cold rolled steel coil sheet冷辘钢捆片及张片的电镀和印刷方法Cold rolled steel coil & sheet electro-plating & painting method 冷辘（低碳）钢片的分类用、途、工业标准、品质、加热状态及硬度表End usages, industrial standard, quality, condition and hardness of cold rolled steel strip硬度及拉力Hardness & Tensile strength test拉伸测试（顺纹测试）Elongation test杯突测试（厚度:0.4公厘至1.6公厘，准确至0.1公厘3个试片平均数）Erichsen test (Thickness: to , figure round up to ) 曲面(假曲率)Camber厚度及阔度公差Tolerance on Thickness & Width平坦度(阔度大于500公厘，标准回火)Flatness (width>500mm, temper: standard)弯度Camber冷辘钢片储存与处理提示General advice on handling & storage of cold rolled steel coil & sheet防止生锈Rust Protection生锈速度表Speed of rusting焊接Welding气焊Gas Welding埋弧焊Submerged-arc Welding电阻焊Resistance Welding冷辘钢片(拉力:30-32公斤/平方米)在没有表面处理状态下的焊接状况Spot welding conditions for bared (free from paint, oxides etc) Cold rolled mild steel sheets(T/S:30-32 Kgf/ R m2) 时间效应(老化)及拉伸应变Aging & Stretcher Strains日工标准（JIS G3141）冷辘钢片化学成份Chemical composition - cold rolled steel sheet to JIS G3141冷辘钢片的“理论重量”计算方程式Cold Rolled Steel Sheet - Theoretical mass日工标准（JIS G3141）冷辘钢片重量列表Mass of Cold-Rolled Steel Sheet to JIS G3141冷辘钢片订货需知Ordering of cold rolled steel strip/sheet其它日工标准冷轧钢片（用途及编号）JIS standard & application of other cold Rolled Special Steel电镀锌钢片或电解钢片Electro-galvanized Steel Sheet/Electrolytic Zinc Coated Steel Sheet简介General电解/电镀锌大大增强钢片的防锈能力Galvanic Action improving Weather & Corrosion Resistance of the Base Steel Sheet上漆能力Paint Adhesion电镀锌钢片的焊接Welding of Electro-galvanized steel sheet点焊Spot welding滚焊Seam welding电镀锌（电解）钢片Electro-galvanized Steel Sheet生产流程Production Flow Chart常用的镀锌钢片（电解片）的基层金属、用途、日工标准、美材标准及一般厚度Base metal, application, JIS & ASTM standard, and Normal thickness of galvanized steel sheet锌镀层质量Zinc Coating Mass表面处理Surface Treatment冷轧钢片Cold-Rolled Steel Sheet/Strip热轧钢片Hot-Rolled Sheet/Strip电解冷轧钢片厚度公差Thickness Tolerance of Electrolytic Cold-rolled sheet热轧钢片厚度公差Thickness Tolerance of Hot-rolled sheet冷轧或热轧钢片阔度公差Width Tolerance of Cold or Hot-rolled sheet长度公差Length Tolerance理论质量Theoretical Mass锌镀层质量（两个相同锌镀层厚度）Mass Calculation of coating （For equal coating）/MM锌镀层质量（两个不同锌镀层厚度）Mass Calculation of coating （For differential coating）/MM镀锡薄铁片（白铁皮/马口铁）（日工标准JIS G3303）简介General镀锡薄铁片的构造Construction of Electrolytic Tinplate镀锡薄钢片（白铁皮/马日铁）制造过程Production Process of Electrolytic Tinplate锡层质量Mass of Tin Coating （JIS G3303-1987）两面均等锡层Both Side Equally Coated Mass两面不均等锡层Both Side Different Thickness Coated Mass级别、电镀方法、镀层质量及常用称号Grade, Plating type, Designation of Coating Mass & Common Coating Mass 镀层质量标记Markings & Designations of Differential Coatings硬度Hardness单相轧压镀锡薄铁片（白铁皮/马口铁）Single-Reduced Tinplate双相辗压镀锡薄钢片（马口铁/白铁皮）Dual-Reduction Tinplate钢的种类Type of Steel表面处理Surface Finish常用尺寸Commonly Used Size电器用硅［硅］钢片Electrical Steel Sheet简介General软磁材料Soft Magnetic Material滞后回线Narrow Hystersis矫顽磁力Coercive Force硬磁材料Hard Magnetic Material最大能量积Maximum Energy Product硅含量对电器用的低碳钢片的最大好处The Advantage of Using Silicon low Carbon Steel晶粒取向(Grain-Oriented)及非晶粒取向(Non-Oriented)Grain Oriented & Non-Oriented电器用硅［硅］钢片的最终用途及规格End Usage and Designations of Electrical Steel Strip电器用的硅［硅］钢片之分类Classification of Silicon Steel Sheet for Electrical Use电器用钢片的绝缘涂层Performance of Surface Insulation of Electrical Steel Sheets晶粒取向电器用硅钢片主要工业标准International Standard - Grain-Oriented Electrical Steel Silicon Steel Sheet for Electrical Use晶粒取向电器用硅钢片Grain-Oriented Electrical Steel晶粒取向，定取向芯钢片及高硼定取向芯钢片之磁力性能及夹层系数(日工标准及美材标准)Magnetic Properties and Lamination Factor of SI-ORIENT-CORE& SI-ORIENT-CORE-HI B Electrical Steel Strip (JIS and AISI Standard) 退火Annealing电器用钢片用家需自行应力退火原因Annealing of the Electrical Steel Sheet退火时注意事项Annealing Precautionary碳污染Prevent Carbon Contamination热力应先从工件边缘透入Heat from the Laminated Stacks Edges提防过份氧化No Excessive Oxidation应力退火温度Stress -relieving Annealing Temperature晶粒取向电器用硅［硅］钢片-高硼(HI-B)定取向芯钢片及定取向芯钢片之机械性能及夹层系数Mechanical Properties and Lamination Factors of SI-ORIENT-CORE-HI-B and SI-ORIENT-CORE Grain Orient Electrical Steel Sheets晶粒取向电器用硅［硅］钢;片-高硼低硫(LS)定取向钢片之磁力及电力性能Magnetic and Electrical Properties of SI-ORIENT-CORE-HI-B-LS晶粒取向电器用硅［硅］钢片-高硼低硫(LS)定取向钢片之机械性能及夹层系数Mechanical Properties and Lamination Factors of SI-ORIENT-CORE-HI-B-LS 晶粒取向电器用硅(硅)钢片-高硼(HI-B)定取向芯钢片，定取向芯钢片及高硼低硫(LS)定取向芯钢片之厚度及阔度公差Physical Tolerance of SI-ORIENT-CORE-HI-B, SI-ORIENT-CORE, & SI-CORE-HI-B-LS Grain Oriented Electrical Steel Sheets晶粒取向电器用硅(硅)钢片-高硼(HI-B)定取向芯钢片，定取向芯钢片及高硼低硫(LS)定取向芯钢片之标准尺寸及包装Standard Forms and Size of SI-ORIENT-CORE-HI-B,SI-CORE, &SI-ORIENT-CORE-HI-B-LS Grain-Oriented Electrical Steel Sheets绝缘表面Surface Insulation非晶粒取向电力用钢片的电力、磁力、机械性能及夹层系数Lamination Factors of Electrical, Magnetic & Mechanical Non-Grain Oriented Electrical 电器及家电外壳用镀层冷辘［低碳］钢片Coated （Low Carbon） Steel Sheets for Casing,Electricals & Home Appliances 镀铝硅钢片Aluminized Silicon Alloy Steel Sheet 简介General镀铝硅合金钢片的特色Feature of Aluminized Silicon Alloy Steel Sheet用途End Usages抗化学品能力Chemical Resistance镀铝（硅）钢片-日工标准（JIS G3314）Hot-aluminum-coated sheets and coils to JIS G 3314镀铝（硅）钢片-美材试标准（ASTM A-463-77）35.7 JIS G3314镀热浸铝片的机械性能Mechanical Properties of JIS G 3314 Hot-Dip Aluminum-coated Sheets and Coils 公差Size Tolerance镀铝（硅）钢片及其它种类钢片的抗腐蚀性能比较Comparsion of various resistance of aluminized steel & other kinds of steel镀铝（硅）钢片生产流程Aluminum Steel Sheet, Production Flow Chart焊接能力Weldability镀铝钢片的焊接状态（比较冷辘钢片）Tips on welding of Aluminized sheet in comparasion with cold rolled steel strip钢板Steel Plate钢板用途分类及各国钢板的工业标准包括日工标准及美材试标准Type of steel Plate & Related JIS, ASTM and Other Major Industrial Standards钢板生产流程Production Flow Chart钢板订货需知Ordering of Steel Plate不锈钢Stainless Steel不锈钢的定义Definition of Stainless Steel不锈钢之分类，耐腐蚀性及耐热性Classification, Corrosion Resistant & Heat Resistance of Stainless Steel铁铭系不锈钢片Chrome Stainless Steel马氏体不锈钢Martensite Stainless Steel低碳马氏体不锈钢Low Carbon Martensite Stainless Steel含铁体不锈钢Ferrite Stainless Steel银铭系不锈钢Nickel Chrome Stainless Steel释出硬化不锈钢Precipitation Hardening Stainless Steel铁锰铝不锈钢Fe / Mn / Al / Stainless Steel不锈钢的磁性Magnetic Property & Stainless Steel不锈钢箔、卷片、片及板之厚度分类Classification of Foil, Strip, Sheet & Plate by Thickness表面保护胶纸Surface protection film不锈钢片材常用代号Designation of SUS Steel Special Use Stainless表面处理Surface finish.9mm厚之片)机械性能Mechanical Properties of Thin Stainless Steel(Thickness from to ) - strip/sheet 不锈钢片机械性能(301, 304, 631, CSP)Mechanical Properties of Spring use Stainless Steel不锈钢-种类，工业标准，化学成份，特点及主要用途Stainless Steel - Type, Industrial Standard, Chemical Composition, Characteristic & end usage of the most commonly used Stainless Steel不锈钢薄片用途例End Usage of Thinner Gauge不锈钢片、板用途例Examples of End Usages of Strip, Sheet & Plate不锈钢应力退火卷片常用规格名词图解General Specification of Tension Annealed Stainless Steel Strips耐热不锈钢Heat-Resistance Stainless Steel银铬系耐热不锈钢特性、化学成份、及操作温度Heat-Resistance Stainless Steel铬系耐热钢Chrome Heat Resistance Steel银铭耐热钢Ni - Cr Heat Resistance Steel超耐热钢Special Heat Resistance Steel抗热超级合金Heat Resistance Super Alloy耐热不锈钢比重表Specific Gravity of Heat - resistance steel plates and sheets stainless steel不锈钢材及耐热钢材标准对照表Stainless and Heat-Resisting Steels发条片Power Spring Strip发条的分类及材料Power Spring Strip Classification and Materials上链发条Wind-up Spring倒后擦发条Pull Back Power Spring圆面（"卜竹"）发条Convex Spring Strip拉尺发条Measure Tape魔术手环Magic Tape魔术手环尺寸图Drawing of Magic Tap定型发条Constant Torque Spring定型发条及上炼发条的驱动力Spring Force of Constant Torque Spring and Wing-up Spring定型发条的形状及翻动过程Shape and Spring Back of Constant Torque Spring定型发条驱动力公式及代号The Formula and Symbol of Constant Torque Spring边缘处理Edge Finish硬度Hardness高碳钢化学成份及用途High Carbon Tool Steel, Chemical Composition and Usage每公斤发条的长度简易公式The Length of 1 Kg of Spring Steel StripSK-5 & AISI-301 每公斤长的重量/公斤(阔100-200 公厘)Weight per one meter long (kg) (Width 100-200mm)SK-5 & AISI-301 每公斤之长度(阔100-200 公厘)Length per one kg (Width 100-200mm) SK-5 & AISI-301每公尺长的重量/公斤(阔2.0-10公厘)-10mm)SK-5 & AISI-301每公斤之长度(阔2.0-10公厘)-10mm)高碳钢片High Carbon Steel Strip分类Classification用组织结构分类Classification According to Grain Structure用含碳量分类-即低碳钢、中碳钢及高碳钢Classification According to Carbon Contains弹簧用碳钢片CarbonSteel Strip For Spring Use冷轧状态Cold Rolled Strip回火状态Annealed Strip淬火及回火状态Hardened & Tempered Strip/ Precision - Quenched Steel Strip贝氏体钢片Bainite Steel Strip弹簧用碳钢片材之边缘处理Edge Finished 淬火剂Quenching Media 碳钢回火Tempering 回火有低温回火及高温回火Low & High Temperature Tempering高温回火High Temperature Tempering退火Annealing完全退火Full Annealing扩散退火Diffusion Annealing低温退火Low Temperature Annealing中途退火Process Annealing球化退火Spheroidizing Annealing光辉退火Bright Annealing淬火Quenching时间淬火Time Quenching奥氏铁孺回火Austempering马氏铁体淬火Marquenching高碳钢片用途End Usage of High Carbon Steel Strip 冷轧高碳钢-日本工业标准Cold-Rolled (Special Steel) Carbon Steel Strip to JIS G3311 电镀金属钢片Plate Metal Strip 简介General 电镀金属捆片的优点Advantage of Using Plate Metal Strip金属捆片电镀层Plated Layer of Plated Metal Strip镀银Nickel Plated镀铭Chrome Plated镀黄铜Brass Plated基层金属Base Metal of Plated Metal Strip低碳钢或铁基层金属Iron & Low Carbon as Base Metal不锈钢基层金属Stainless Steel as Base Metal铜基层金属Copper as Base Metal黄铜基层金属Brass as Base Metal轴承合金Bearing Alloy简介General轴承合金-日工标准JIS H 5401Bearing Alloy to JIS H 5401锡基、铅基及锌基轴承合金比较表Comparison of Tin base, Lead base and Zinc base alloy for Bearing purpose易溶合金Fusible Alloy焊接合金Soldering and Brazing Alloy软焊Soldering Alloy软焊合金-日本标准JIS H 4341Soldering Alloy to JIS H 4341硬焊Brazing Alloy其它焊接材料请参阅日工标准目录Other Soldering Material细线材、枝材、棒材Chapter Five Wire, Rod & Bar线材/枝材材质分类及制成品Classification and End Products of Wire/Rod铁线（低碳钢线）日工标准JIS G 3532Low Carbon Steel Wires （ Iron Wire ） to JIS G 3532光线（低碳钢线），火线（退火低碳钢线），铅水线（镀锌低碳钢线）及制造钉用低碳钢线之代号、公差及备注Ordinary Low Carbon Steel Wire, Annealed Low Carbon Steel Wire, Galvanized low Carbon Steel Wire & Low Carbon Steel Wire for nail manufacturing - classification, Symbol of Grade, Tolerance and Remarks.机械性能Mechanical Properites锌包层之重量，铜硫酸盐试验之酸洗次数及测试用卷筒直径Weight of Zinc-Coating, Number of Dippings in Cupric Sulphate Test and Diameters of Mandrel Used for Coiling Test 冷冲及冷锻用碳钢线枝Carbon Steel Wire Rods for Cold Heading & Cold Forging (to JIS G3507)级别，代号及化学成份Classification, Symbol of Grade and Chemical Composition直径公差，偏圆度及脱碳层的平均深度Diameter Tolerance, Ovality and Average Decarburized Layer Depth冷拉钢枝材Cold Drawn Carbon Steel Shafting Bar枝材之美工标准，日工标准，用途及化学成份AISI, JIS End Usage and Chemical Composition of Cold Drawn Carbon Steel Shafting Bar 冷拉钢板重量表Cold Drawn Steel Bar Weight Table高碳钢线枝High Carbon Steel Wire Rod (to JIS G3506)冷拉高碳钢线Hard Drawn High Carbon Steel Wire(to JIS G3521, ISO-84580-1&2)化学成份分析表Chemical Analysis of Wire Rod线径、公差及机械性能(日本工业标准G 3521)Mechanical Properties (JIS G 3521)琴线(日本标准G3522)Piano Wires ( to G3522)级别，代号，扭曲特性及可用之线材直径Classes, symbols, twisting characteristic and applied Wire Diameters直径，公差及拉力强度Diameter, Tolerance and Tensile Strength裂纹之容许深度及脱碳层Permissible depth of flaw and decarburized layer 常用的弹簧不锈钢线-编号，特性，表面处理及化学成份StainlessSpring Wire - National Standard number, Charateristic, Surface finish & Chemical composition弹簧不锈钢线，线径及拉力列表Stainless Spring Steel, Wire diameter and Tensile strength of Spring Wire处理及表面状况Finish & Surface各种不锈钢线在不同处理拉力比较表Tensile Strength of various kinds of Stainless Steel Wire under Different Finish圆径及偏圆度之公差Tolerance of Wire Diameters & Ovality铭银不锈钢及抗热钢弹簧线材-美国材验学会ASTM A313 - 1987Chromium - Nickel Stainless and Heat-resisting Steel Spring Wire - ASTM A313-1987化学成份Chemical Composition机械性能Mechanical Properties305, 316, 321及347之拉力表Tensile Strength Requirements for Types 305, 316, 321 and 347A1S1-302贰级线材之拉力表Tensile Strength of A1S1-302 Wire日本工业标准-不锈钢的化学成份（先数字后字母排列）JIS - Chemical Composition of Stainless Steel （in order of number & alphabet）美国工业标准-不锈钢及防热钢材的化学成份（先数字后字母排列）AISI - Chemical Composition of Stainless Steel & Heat-Resistant Steel（in order of number & alphabet）易车碳钢Free Cutting Carbon Steels （to JIS G4804 ）化学成份Chemical composition圆钢枝，方钢枝及六角钢枝之形状及尺寸之公差Tolerance on Shape and Dimensions for Round Steel Bar, Square Steel Bar, HexagonalSteel Bar易车（快削）不锈钢Free Cutting Stainless Steel易车（快削）不锈钢种类Type of steel易车（快削）不锈钢拉力表Tensile Strength of Free Cutting Wires枝/棒无芯磨公差表（口）（口= 1/100 mm）Rod/Bar Centreless Grind Tolerance。
材料科学基础常用英语词汇
材料科学基础常用英语词汇 (下文是金属材料词汇)材料的类型Types of materials, metals, ceramics, polymers, composites, elastomer部分材料性质复习Review of selected properties of materials,电导率和电阻率conductivity and resistivity,热导率thermal conductivity,应力和应变stress and strain,弹性应变elastic strain,塑性应变plastic strain,屈服强度yield strength,最大抗拉强度ultimate tensile strength,最大强度ultimate strength,延展性ductility,伸长率elongation,断面收缩率reduction of area,颈缩necking,断裂强度breaking strength,韧性toughness,硬度hardness,疲劳强度fatigue strength,蜂窝honeycomb,热脆性heat shortness,晶胞中的原子数atoms per cell,点阵lattice, 阵点lattice point,点阵参数lattice parameter,密排六方hexagonal close-packed,六方晶胞hexagonal unit cell,体心立方body-centered cubic,面心立方face-centered cubic,弥勒指数Miller indices,晶面crystal plane,晶系crystal system,晶向crystal direction,相变机理Phase transformation mechanism:成核生长相变nucleation–growth transition, 斯宾那多分解spinodal decomposition,有序无序转变disordered-order transition, 马氏体相变martensite phase transformation，成核nucleation,成核机理nucleation mechanism,成核势垒nucleation barrier,晶核，结晶中心nucleus of crystal,（金属组织的）基体quay,基体，基块，基质，结合剂matrix,子晶，雏晶matted crystal,耔晶，晶种seed crystal,耔晶取向seed orientation,籽晶生长seeded growth,均质核化homogeneous nucleation,异质核化heterogeneous nucleation,均匀化热处理homogenization heat treatment, 熟料grog,自恰场self-consistent field固溶体Solid solution:有序固溶体ordered solid solution,无序固溶体disordered solid solution,有序合金ordered alloy,无序合金disordered alloy.无序点阵disordered lattice,分散，扩散，弥散dispersal,分散剂dispersant,分散剂，添加剂dispersant additive,分散剂，弥散剂dispersant agent缺陷defect, imperfection,点缺陷point defect,线缺陷 line defect, dislocation,面缺陷interface defect, surface defect,体缺陷volume defect,位错排列dislocation arrangement,位错阵列dislocation array,位错气团dislocation atmosphere,位错轴dislocation axis,位错胞dislocation cell,位错爬移dislocation climb,位错滑移dislocation slip, dislocation movement by slip, 位错聚结dislocation coalescence,位错核心能量dislocation core energy,位错裂纹dislocation crack,位错阻尼dislocation damping,位错密度dislocation density,体积膨胀volume dilation,体积收缩volume shrinkage,回火tempering,退火annealing,退火的，软化的softened,软化退火，软化（处理）softening,淬火quenching,淬火硬化quenching hardening,正火normalizing, normalization,退火织构annealing texture,人工时效artificial aging,细长比aspect ratio,形变热处理ausforming,等温退火austempering,奥氏体austenite,奥氏体化austenitizing,贝氏体bainite,马氏体martensite,马氏体淬火marquench,马氏体退火martemper,马氏体时效钢maraging steel,渗碳体cementite,固溶强化solid solution strengthening,钢屑混凝土steel chips concrete,水玻璃，硅酸钠sodium silicate,水玻璃粘结剂sodium silicate binder,硅酸钠类防水剂sodium silicate waterproofing agent, 扩散diffusion,扩散系数diffusivity,相变phase transition,烧结sintering,固相反应solid-phase reaction,相图与相结构phase diagrams and phase structures , 相phase,组分component,自由度freedom,相平衡phase equilibrium,吉布斯相律Gibbs phase rule,吉布斯自由能Gibbs free energy,吉布斯混合能Gibbs energy of mixing,吉布斯熵Gibbs entropy,吉布斯函数Gibbs function,相平衡phase balance,相界phase boundary,相界线 phase boundary line,相界交联 phase boundary crosslinking,相界有限交联phase boundary crosslinking,相界反应phase boundary reaction,相变phase change,相组成phase composition,共格相 phase-coherent,金相相组织 phase constentuent,相衬phase contrast,相衬显微镜phase contrast microscope,相衬显微术phase contrast microscopy,相分布phase distribution,相平衡常数phase equilibrium constant,相平衡图phase equilibrium diagram,相变滞后phase transition lag, Al-Si-O-N系统相关系phase relationships in the Al-Si-O-N system, 相分离phase segregation, phase separation,玻璃分相phase separation in glasses,相序phase order, phase sequence,相稳定性phase stability,相态phase state,相稳定区phase stabile range,相变温度phase transition temperature,相变压力phase transition pressure,同质多晶转变polymorphic transformation,相平衡条件phase equilibrium conditions,显微结构microstructures,不混溶固溶体immiscible solid solution,转熔型固溶体peritectic solid solution,低共熔体eutectoid，crystallization,不混溶性immiscibility,固态反应solid state reaction,烧结sintering,相变机理Phase transformation mechanism:成核生长相变nucleation–growth transition, 斯宾那多分解spinodal decomposition,有序无序转变disordered-order transition, 马氏体相变martensite phase transformation，成核nucleation,成核机理nucleation mechanism,成核势垒nucleation barrier,晶核，结晶中心nucleus of crystal,（金属组织的）基体quay,基体，基块，基质，结合剂matrix,子晶，雏晶matted crystal,耔晶，晶种seed crystal,耔晶取向seed orientation,籽晶生长seeded growth,均质核化homogeneous nucleation,异质核化heterogeneous nucleation,均匀化热处理homogenization heat treatment, 熟料grog,金属材料词汇物料科学Material Science物料科学定义Material Science Definition加工性能Machinability强度Strength抗腐蚀及耐用Corrosion & resistance durability金属特性Special metallic features抗敏感及环境保护Allergic, re-cycling & environmental protection化学元素Chemical element元素的原子序数Atom of Elements原子及固体物质Atom and solid material原子的组成、大小、体积和单位图表The size, mass, charge of an atom, and is particles (Pronton,Nentron and Electron) 原子的组织图Atom Constitutes周期表Periodic Table原子键结Atom Bonding金属与合金Metal and Alloy铁及非铁金属Ferrous & Non Ferrous Metal金属的特性Features of Metal晶体结构Crystal Pattern晶体结构，定向格子及单位晶格Crystal structure, Space lattice & Unit cellX线结晶分析法X – ray crystal analyics method金属结晶格子Metal space lattice格子常数Lattice constant米勒指数Mill's Index金相及相律Metal Phase and Phase Rule固熔体Solid solution置换型固熔体Substitutional type solid solution插入型固熔体Interstital solid solution金属间化物Intermetallic compound金属变态Transformation变态点Transformation Point磁性变态Magnetic Transformation同素变态Allotropic Transformation合金平衡状态Thermal Equilibrium相律Phase Rule自由度Degree of freedom临界温度Critical temperture共晶Eutectic包晶温度Peritectic Temperature包晶反应Peritectic Reaction包晶合金Peritectic Alloy亚共晶体Hypoeutetic Alloy过共晶体Hyper-ectectic Alloy金属的相融、相融温度、晶体反应及合金在共晶合金、固熔孻共晶合金及偏晶反应的比较Equilibrium Comparision金属塑性Plastic Deformation滑动面Slip Plan畸变Distortion硬化Work Hardening退火Annealing回复柔软Crystal Recovery再结晶Recrystallization金属材料的性能及试验Properties & testing of metal化学性能Chemical Properties物理性能Physical Properties颜色Colour磁性Magnetisum比电阻Specific resistivity & specific resistance比重Specific gravity & specific density比热Specific Heat热膨胀系数Coefficient of thermal expansion导热度Heat conductivity机械性能Mechanical properties屈服强度(降伏强度) (Yield strangth)弹性限度、阳氏弹性系数及屈服点elastic limit, Yeung's module of elasticity to yield point伸长度Elongation断面缩率Reduction of area金属材料的试验方法The Method of Metal inspection不破坏检验Non – destructive inspections渗透探伤法Penetrate inspection磁粉探伤法Magnetic particle inspection放射线探伤法Radiographic inspection超声波探伤法Ultrasonic inspection显微观察法Microscopic inspection破坏的检验Destructive Inspection冲击测试Impact Test疲劳测试Fatigue Test潜变测试Creep Test潜变强度Creeps Strength第壹潜变期Primary Creep第二潜变期Secondary Creep第三潜变期Tertiary Creep主要金属元素之物理性质Physical properties of major Metal Elements工业标准及规格–铁及非铁金属Industrial Standard – Ferrous & Non – ferrous Metal磁力Magnetic简介General软磁Soft Magnetic硬磁Hard Magnetic磁场Magnetic Field磁性感应Magnetic Induction透磁度Magnetic Permeability磁化率Magnetic Susceptibility (Xm)磁力(Magnetic Force)及磁场(Magnetic Field)是因物料里的电子(Electron)活动而产生抗磁体、顺磁体、铁磁体、反铁磁体及亚铁磁体Diamagnetism, Paramagnetic, Ferromagnetism,Antiferromagnetism & Ferrimagnetism 抗磁体Diamagnetism磁偶极子Dipole负磁力效应Negative effect顺磁体Paramagnetic正磁化率Positive magnetic susceptibility铁磁体Ferromagnetism转变元素Transition element交换能量Positive energy exchange外价电子Outer valence electrons化学结合Chemical bond自发上磁Spontaneous magnetization磁畴Magnetic domain相反旋转Opposite span比较抗磁体、顺磁体及铁磁体Comparison of Diamagnetism, Paramagnetic & Ferromagnetism 反铁磁体Antiferromagnetism亚铁磁体Ferrimagnetism磁矩magnetic moment净磁矩Net magnetic moment钢铁的主要成份The major element of steel钢铁用"碳"之含量来分类Classification of Steel according to Carbon contents铁相Steel Phases钢铁的名称Name of steel纯铁体Ferrite渗碳体Cementitle奥氏体Austenite珠光体及共释钢Pearlite &Eutectoid奥氏体碳钢Austenite Carbon Steel单相金属Single Phase Metal共释变态Eutectoid Transformation珠光体Pearlite亚铁释体Hyppo-Eutectoid初释纯铁体Pro-entectoid ferrite过共释钢Hype-eutectoid珠光体Pearlite粗珠光体Coarse pearlite中珠光体Medium pearlite幼珠光体Fine pearlite磁性变态点Magnetic Transformation钢铁的制造Manufacturing of Steel连续铸造法Continuous casting process电炉Electric furnace均热炉Soaking pit全静钢Killed steel半静钢Semi-killed steel沸腾钢(未净钢) Rimmed steel钢铁生产流程Steel Production Flow Chart钢材的熔铸、锻造、挤压及延轧The Casting, Fogging, Extrusion, Rolling & Steel熔铸Casting锻造Fogging挤压Extrusion延轧Rolling冲剪Drawing & stamping特殊钢Special Steel简介General特殊钢以原素分类Classification of Special Steel according to Element 特殊钢以用途来分类Classification of Special Steel according to End Usage 易车(快削)不锈钢Free Cutting Stainless Steel含铅易车钢Leaded Free Cutting Steel含硫易车钢Sulphuric Free Cutting Steel硬化性能Hardenability钢的脆性Brittleness of Steel低温脆性Cold brittleness回火脆性Temper brittleness日工标准下的特殊钢材Specail Steel according to JIS Standard铬钢–日工标准JIS G4104Chrome steel to JIS G4104铬钼钢钢材–日工标准G4105 62Chrome Molybdenum steel to JIS G4105镍铬–日工标准G4102 63Chrome Nickel steel to JIS G4102镍铬钼钢–日工标准G4103 64Nickel, Chrome & Molybdenum Steel to JIS G4103高锰钢铸–日工标准High manganese steel to JIS standard片及板材Chapter Four-Strip, Steel & Plate冷辘低碳钢片(双单光片)(日工标准JIS G3141) 73 - 95Cold Rolled (Low carbon) Steel Strip (to JIS G 3141)简介General美材试标准的冷辘低碳钢片Cold Rolled Steel Strip American Standard – American Society for testing and materials (ASTM) 日工标准JIS G3141冷辘低碳钢片(双单光片)的编号浅释Decoding of cold rolled(Low carbon)steel strip JIS G3141材料的加工性能Drawing abillity硬度Hardness表面处理Surface finish冷辘钢捆片及张片制作流程图表Production flow chart cold rolled steel coil sheet冷辘钢捆片及张片的电镀和印刷方法Cold rolled steel coil & sheet electro-plating & painting method冷辘(低碳)钢片的分类用、途、工业标准、品质、加热状态及硬度表End usages, industrial standard, quality, condition and hardness of cold rolled steel strip硬度及拉力Hardness & Tensile strength test拉伸测试(顺纹测试)Elongation test杯突测试(厚度: 0.4公厘至1.6公厘，准确至0.1公厘3个试片平均数)Erichsen test (Thickness: 0.4mm to 1.6mm, figure round up to 0.1mm)曲面(假曲率)Camber厚度及阔度公差Tolerance on Thickness & Width平坦度(阔度大于500公厘，标准回火)Flatness (width>500mm, temper: standard)弯度Camber冷辘钢片储存与处理提示General advice on handling & storage of cold rolled steel coil & sheet防止生锈Rust Protection生锈速度表Speed of rusting焊接Welding气焊Gas Welding埋弧焊Submerged-arc Welding电阻焊Resistance Welding冷辘钢片(拉力: 30-32公斤/平方米)在没有表面处理状态下的焊接状况Spot welding conditions for bared (free from paint, oxides etc) Cold rolled mild steel sheets(T/S:30-32 Kgf/ μ m2)时间效应(老化)及拉伸应变Aging & Stretcher Strains日工标准(JIS G3141)冷辘钢片化学成份Chemical composition – cold rolled steel sheet to JIS G3141冷辘钢片的"理论重量"计算方程式Cold Rolled Steel Sheet – Theoretical mass日工标准(JIS G3141)冷辘钢片重量列表Mass of Cold-Rolled Steel Sheet to JIS G3141冷辘钢片订货需知Ordering of cold rolled steel strip/sheet其它日工标准冷轧钢片(用途及编号)JIS standard & application of other cold Rolled Special Steel电镀锌钢片或电解钢片Electro-galvanized Steel Sheet/Electrolytic Zinc Coated Steel Sheet简介General电解/电镀锌大大增强钢片的防锈能力Galvanic Action improving Weather & Corrosion Resistance of the Base Steel Sheet上漆能力Paint Adhesion电镀锌钢片的焊接Welding of Electro-galvanized steel sheet点焊Spot welding滚焊Seam welding电镀锌(电解)钢片Electro-galvanized Steel Sheet生产流程Production Flow Chart常用的镀锌钢片(电解片)的基层金属、用途、日工标准、美材标准及一般厚度Base metal, application, JIS & ASTM standard, and Normal thickness of galvanized steel sheet锌镀层质量Zinc Coating Mass表面处理Surface Treatment冷轧钢片Cold-Rolled Steel Sheet/Strip热轧钢片Hot-Rolled Sheet/Strip电解冷轧钢片厚度公差Thickness Tolerance of Electrolytic Cold-rolled sheet热轧钢片厚度公差Thickness Tolerance of Hot-rolled sheet冷轧或热轧钢片阔度公差Width Tolerance of Cold or Hot-rolled sheet长度公差Length Tolerance理论质量Theoretical Mass锌镀层质量(两个相同锌镀层厚度)Mass Calculation of coating (For equal coating)/MM锌镀层质量(两个不同锌镀层厚度)Mass Calculation of coating (For differential coating)/MM镀锡薄铁片(白铁皮/马口铁) (日工标准JIS G3303)简介General镀锡薄铁片的构造Construction of Electrolytic Tinplate镀锡薄钢片(白铁皮/马日铁)制造过程Production Process of Electrolytic Tinplate锡层质量Mass of Tin Coating (JIS G3303-1987)两面均等锡层Both Side Equally Coated Mass两面不均等锡层Both Side Different Thickness Coated Mass级别、电镀方法、镀层质量及常用称号Grade, Plating type, Designation of Coating Mass & Common Coating Mass 镀层质量标记Markings & Designations of Differential Coatings硬度Hardness单相轧压镀锡薄铁片(白铁皮/马口铁)Single-Reduced Tinplate双相辗压镀锡薄钢片(马口铁/白铁皮)Dual-Reduction Tinplate钢的种类Type of Steel表面处理Surface Finish常用尺寸Commonly Used Size电器用硅[硅] 钢片Electrical Steel Sheet简介General软磁材料Soft Magnetic Material滞后回线Narrow Hystersis矫顽磁力Coercive Force硬磁材料Hard Magnetic Material最大能量积Maximum Energy Product硅含量对电器用的低碳钢片的最大好处The Advantage of Using Silicon low Carbon Steel晶粒取向(Grain-Oriented)及非晶粒取向(Non-Oriented)Grain Oriented & Non-Oriented电器用硅[硅] 钢片的最终用途及规格End Usage and Designations of Electrical Steel Strip电器用的硅[硅] 钢片之分类Classification of Silicon Steel Sheet for Electrical Use电器用钢片的绝缘涂层Performance of Surface Insulation of Electrical Steel Sheets晶粒取向电器用硅钢片主要工业标准International Standard – Grain-Oriented Electrical Steel Silicon Steel Sheet for Electrical Use晶粒取向电器用硅钢片Grain-Oriented Electrical Steel晶粒取向，定取向芯钢片及高硼定取向芯钢片之磁力性能及夹层系数(日工标准及美材标准)Magnetic Properties and Lamination Factor of SI-ORIENT-CORE& SI-ORIENT-CORE-HI B Electrical Steel Strip (JIS and AISI Standard)退火Annealing电器用钢片用家需自行应力退火原因Annealing of the Electrical Steel Sheet退火时注意事项Annealing Precautionary碳污染Prevent Carbon Contamination热力应先从工件边缘透入Heat from the Laminated Stacks Edges提防过份氧化No Excessive Oxidation应力退火温度Stress –relieving Annealing Temperature晶粒取向电器用硅[硅] 钢片–高硼(HI-B)定取向芯钢片及定取向芯钢片之机械性能及夹层系数Mechanical Properties and Lamination Factors of SI-ORIENT-CORE-HI-B and SI-ORIENT-CORE Grain Orient Electrical Steel Sheets晶粒取向电器用硅[硅] 钢;片–高硼低硫(LS)定取向钢片之磁力及电力性能Magnetic and Electrical Properties of SI-ORIENT-CORE-HI-B-LS晶粒取向电器用硅[硅] 钢片–高硼低硫(LS) 定取向钢片之机械性能及夹层系数Mechanical Properties and Lamination Factors of SI-ORIENT-CORE-HI-B-LS晶粒取向电器用硅(硅)钢片-高硼(HI-B)定取向芯钢片，定取向芯钢片及高硼低硫(LS)定取向芯钢片之厚度及阔度公差Physical Tolerance of SI-ORIENT-CORE-HI-B, SI-ORIENT-CORE, & SI-CORE-HI-B-LS Grain Oriented Electrical Steel Sheets晶粒取向电器用硅(硅)钢片–高硼(HI-B)定取向芯钢片，定取向芯钢片及高硼低硫(LS)定取向芯钢片之标准尺寸及包装Standard Forms and Size of SI-ORIENT-CORE-HI-B,SI-CORE, & SI-ORIENT-CORE-HI-B-LS Grain-Oriented Electrical Steel Sheets绝缘表面Surface Insulation非晶粒取向电力用钢片的电力、磁力、机械性能及夹层系数Lamination Factors of Electrical, Magnetic & Mechanical Non-Grain Oriented Electrical电器及家电外壳用镀层冷辘[低碳] 钢片Coated (Low Carbon) Steel Sheets for Casing,Electricals & Home Appliances镀铝硅钢片Aluminized Silicon Alloy Steel Sheet简介General镀铝硅合金钢片的特色Feature of Aluminized Silicon Alloy Steel Sheet用途End Usages抗化学品能力Chemical Resistance镀铝(硅)钢片–日工标准(JIS G3314)Hot-aluminum-coated sheets and coils to JIS G 3314镀铝(硅)钢片–美材试标准(ASTM A-463-77)35.7 JIS G3314镀热浸铝片的机械性能Mechanical Properties of JIS G 3314 Hot-Dip Aluminum-coated Sheets and Coils公差Size Tolerance镀铝(硅)钢片及其它种类钢片的抗腐蚀性能比较Comparsion of various resistance of aluminized steel & other kinds of steel镀铝(硅)钢片生产流程Aluminum Steel Sheet, Production Flow Chart焊接能力Weldability镀铝钢片的焊接状态(比较冷辘钢片)Tips on welding of Aluminized sheet in comparasion with cold rolled steel strip钢板Steel Plate钢板用途分类及各国钢板的工业标准包括日工标准及美材试标准Type of steel Plate & Related JIS, ASTM and Other Major Industrial Standards钢板生产流程Production Flow Chart钢板订货需知Ordering of Steel Plate不锈钢Stainless Steel不锈钢的定义Definition of Stainless Steel不锈钢之分类，耐腐蚀性及耐热性Classification, Corrosion Resistant & Heat Resistance of Stainless Steel铁铬系不锈钢片Chrome Stainless Steel马氏体不锈钢Martensite Stainless Steel低碳马氏体不锈钢Low Carbon Martensite Stainless Steel含铁体不锈钢Ferrite Stainless Steel镍铬系不锈钢Nickel Chrome Stainless Steel释出硬化不锈钢Precipitation Hardening Stainless Steel铁锰铝不锈钢Fe / Mn / Al / Stainless Steel不锈钢的磁性Magnetic Property & Stainless Steel不锈钢箔、卷片、片及板之厚度分类Classification of Foil, Strip, Sheet & Plate by Thickness表面保护胶纸Surface protection film不锈钢片材常用代号Designation of SUS Steel Special Use Stainless表面处理Surface finish薄卷片及薄片(0.3至2.9mm厚之片)机械性能Mechanical Properties of Thin Stainless Steel(Thickness from 0.3mm to 2.9mm) – strip/sheet不锈钢片机械性能(301, 304, 631, CSP)Mechanical Properties of Spring use Stainless Steel不锈钢–种类，工业标准，化学成份，特点及主要用途Stainless Steel – Type, Industrial Standard, Chemical Composition, Characteristic & end usage of the most commonly used Stainless Steel不锈钢薄片用途例End Usage of Thinner Gauge不锈钢片、板用途例Examples of End Usages of Strip, Sheet & Plate不锈钢应力退火卷片常用规格名词图解General Specification of Tension Annealed Stainless Steel Strips耐热不锈钢Heat-Resistance Stainless Steel镍铬系耐热不锈钢特性、化学成份、及操作温度Heat-Resistance Stainless Steel铬系耐热钢Chrome Heat Resistance Steel镍铬耐热钢Ni - Cr Heat Resistance Steel超耐热钢Special Heat Resistance Steel抗热超级合金Heat Resistance Super Alloy耐热不锈钢比重表Specific Gravity of Heat – resistance steel plates and sheets stainless steel不锈钢材及耐热钢材标准对照表Stainless and Heat-Resisting Steels发条片Power Spring Strip发条的分类及材料Power Spring Strip Classification and Materials上链发条Wind-up Spring倒后擦发条Pull Back Power Spring圆面("卜竹")发条Convex Spring Strip拉尺发条Measure Tape魔术手环Magic Tape魔术手环尺寸图Drawing of Magic Tap定型发条Constant Torque Spring定型发条及上炼发条的驱动力Spring Force of Constant Torque Spring and Wing-up Spring定型发条的形状及翻动过程Shape and Spring Back of Constant Torque Spring定型发条驱动力公式及代号The Formula and Symbol of Constant Torque Spring边缘处理Edge Finish硬度Hardness高碳钢化学成份及用途High Carbon Tool Steel, Chemical Composition and Usage每公斤发条的长度简易公式The Length of 1 Kg of Spring Steel StripSK-5 & AISI-301 每公斤长的重量/公斤(阔100-200公厘) Weight per one meter long (kg) (Width 100-200mm)SK-5 & AISI-301 每公斤之长度(阔100-200公厘) Length per one kg (Width 100-200mm)SK-5 & AISI-301 每公尺长的重量/公斤(阔2.0-10公厘)Weight per one meter long (kg) (Width 2.0-10mm)SK-5 & AISI-301 每公斤之长度(阔2.0-10公厘)Length per one kg (Width 2.0-10mm)高碳钢片High Carbon Steel Strip分类Classification用组织结构分类Classification According to Grain Structure用含碳量分类–即低碳钢、中碳钢及高碳钢Classification According to Carbon Contains弹簧用碳钢片CarbonSteel Strip For Spring Use冷轧状态Cold Rolled Strip回火状态Annealed Strip淬火及回火状态Hardened & Tempered Strip/ Precision – Quenched Steel Strip 贝氏体钢片Bainite Steel Strip弹簧用碳钢片材之边缘处理Edge Finished淬火剂Quenching Media碳钢回火Tempering回火有低温回火及高温回火Low & High Temperature Tempering高温回火High Temperature Tempering退火Annealing完全退火Full Annealing扩散退火Diffusion Annealing低温退火Low Temperature Annealing中途退火Process Annealing球化退火Spheroidizing Annealing光辉退火Bright Annealing淬火Quenching时间淬火Time Quenching奥氏铁孻回火Austempering马氏铁体淬火Marquenching高碳钢片用途End Usage of High Carbon Steel Strip冷轧高碳钢–日本工业标准Cold-Rolled (Special Steel) Carbon Steel Strip to JIS G3311 电镀金属钢片Plate Metal Strip简介General电镀金属捆片的优点Advantage of Using Plate Metal Strip金属捆片电镀层Plated Layer of Plated Metal Strip镀镍Nickel Plated镀铬Chrome Plated镀黄铜Brass Plated基层金属Base Metal of Plated Metal Strip低碳钢或铁基层金属Iron & Low Carbon as Base Metal不锈钢基层金属Stainless Steel as Base Metal铜基层金属Copper as Base Metal黄铜基层金属Brass as Base Metal轴承合金Bearing Alloy简介General轴承合金–日工标准JIS H 5401Bearing Alloy to JIS H 5401锡基、铅基及锌基轴承合金比较表Comparison of Tin base, Lead base and Zinc base alloy for Bearing purpose易溶合金Fusible Alloy焊接合金Soldering and Brazing Alloy软焊Soldering Alloy软焊合金–日本标准JIS H 4341Soldering Alloy to JIS H 4341硬焊Brazing Alloy其它焊接材料请参阅日工标准目录Other Soldering Material细线材、枝材、棒材Chapter Five Wire, Rod & Bar线材/枝材材质分类及制成品Classification and End Products of Wire/Rod铁线(低碳钢线)日工标准JIS G 3532Low Carbon Steel Wires ( Iron Wire ) to JIS G 3532光线(低碳钢线)，火线(退火低碳钢线)，铅水线(镀锌低碳钢线)及制造钉用低碳钢线之代号、公差及备注Ordinary Low Carbon Steel Wire, Annealed Low Carbon Steel Wire, Galvanized low Carbon Steel Wire & Low Carbon Steel Wire for nail manufacturing - classification, Symbol of Grade, Tolerance and Remarks.机械性能Mechanical Properites锌包层之重量，铜硫酸盐试验之酸洗次数及测试用卷筒直径Weight of Zinc-Coating, Number of Dippings in Cupric Sulphate Test and Diameters of Mandrel Used for Coiling Test冷冲及冷锻用碳钢线枝Carbon Steel Wire Rods for Cold Heading & Cold Forging (to JIS G3507)级别，代号及化学成份Classification, Symbol of Grade and Chemical Composition直径公差，偏圆度及脱碳层的平均深度Diameter Tolerance, Ovality and Average Decarburized Layer Depth冷拉钢枝材Cold Drawn Carbon Steel Shafting Bar枝材之美工标准，日工标准，用途及化学成份AISI, JIS End Usage and Chemical Composition of Cold Drawn Carbon Steel Shafting Bar冷拉钢板重量表Cold Drawn Steel Bar Weight Table高碳钢线枝High Carbon Steel Wire Rod (to JIS G3506)冷拉高碳钢线Hard Drawn High Carbon Steel Wire(to JIS G3521, ISO-84580-1&2)化学成份分析表Chemical Analysis of Wire Rod线径、公差及机械性能(日本工业标准G 3521)Mechanical Properties (JIS G 3521)琴线(日本标准G3522)Piano Wires ( to G3522)级别，代号，扭曲特性及可用之线材直径Classes, symbols, twisting characteristic and applied Wire Diameters直径，公差及拉力强度Diameter, Tolerance and Tensile Strength裂纹之容许深度及脱碳层Permissible depth of flaw and decarburized layer常用的弹簧不锈钢线-编号，特性，表面处理及化学成份StainlessSpring Wire –National Standard number, Charateristic, Surface finish & Chemical composition弹簧不锈钢线，线径及拉力列表Stainless Spring Steel, Wire diameter and Tensile strength of Spring Wire处理及表面状况Finish & Surface各种不锈钢线在不同处理拉力比较表Tensile Strength of various kinds of Stainless Steel Wire under Different Finish圆径及偏圆度之公差Tolerance of Wire Diameters & Ovality铬镍不锈钢及抗热钢弹簧线材–美国材验学会ASTM A313 –1987Chromium – Nickel Stainless and Heat-resisting Steel Spring Wire – ASTM A313 – 1987化学成份Chemical Composition机械性能Mechanical Properties305, 316, 321及347之拉力表Tensile Strength Requirements for Types 305, 316, 321 and 347A1S1-302 贰级线材之拉力表Tensile Strength of A1S1-302 Wire日本工业标准–不锈钢的化学成份(先数字后字母排列)JIS – Chemical Composition of Stainless Steel (in order of number & alphabet)美国工业标准–不锈钢及防热钢材的化学成份(先数字后字母排列)AISI –Chemical Composition of Stainless Steel & Heat-Resistant Steel(in order of number & alphabet)易车碳钢Free Cutting Carbon Steels (to JIS G4804 )化学成份Chemical composition圆钢枝，方钢枝及六角钢枝之形状及尺寸之公差Tolerance on Shape and Dimensions for Round Steel Bar, Square Steel Bar, Hexagonal Steel Bar 易车(快削)不锈钢Free Cutting Stainless Steel易车(快削)不锈钢种类Type of steel易车(快削)不锈钢拉力表Tensile Strength of Free Cutting Wires枝/棒无芯磨公差表(μ) (μ= 1/100 mm)Rod/Bar Centreless Grind Tolerance易车不锈钢及易车钢之不同尺寸及硬度比较Hardness of Different Types & Size of Free Cutting Steel扁线、半圆线及异形线Flat Wire, Half Round Wire, Shaped Wire and Precision Shaped Fine Wire加工方法Manufacturing Method应用材料Material Used特点Characteristic用途End Usages不锈钢扁线及半圆线常用材料Commonly used materials for Stainless Flat Wire & Half Round Wire扁线公差Flat Wire Tolerance方线公差Square Wire Tolerance。
《功能材料》课程简介和教学大纲
《功能材料》课程简介课程编号：02014925课程名称：功能材料/Functional Materials学分：2学时:32先修课程：物理化学、材料科学基础考核方式：开卷笔试主要教材：功能材料概论，殷景华等主编，哈尔滨工业大学出版社，2002.9.参考书目：现代功能材料，陈玉安等编，重庆大学出版社，2008.6.课程简介：《功能材料》是材料科学与工程等材料类专业的一门专业课，重点介绍具有特殊电、磁、光、声、热、力、化学以及生物功能的新型功能材料发展状况、基本原理以及应用情况。
通过本课程学习，使学生对特种功能材料，如新能源材料、形状记忆合金、非晶态合金、磁性材料、纳米材料、半导体材料、超导材料等的研究现状及其应用有一定的了解，掌握各种特种功能材料的基本原理。
《功能材料》教学大纲课程编号：02014925课程名称：功能材料/Functional Materials学分：2学时：32开课单位：材料科学与工程学院金属材料系适用专业：材料科学与工程等材料类专业先修课程：物理化学、材料科学基础一、课程性质、目的与任务《功能材料》是金属材料工程专业选修课,重点介绍当今各种特种功能材料的发展状况、基本原理以及应用情况。
通过本课程学习，使学生对特种功能材料，如新能源贮氢材料、形状记忆合金、非晶态合金、磁性材料、纳米材料、半导体材料、超导材料等的研究现状及其应用有一定的了解，掌握各种特种功能材料性能的基本原理。
二、教学内容、基本要求及学时分配（按章节列出内容要求学时等，实验上机项目要列在课程内容一栏）（教学基本要求：A-熟练掌握；B・掌握；C-了解）三、能力培养要求了解各种功能材料的基本原理、用途和制备方法，开阔学生视野，拓宽知识面。
四、教学方法与教学手段以课堂讲授为主，采用多媒体教学手段进行教学。
五、教材与主要参考书目1.功能材料概论，殷景华等主编，哈尔滨工业大学出版社，2002.9.2.现代功能材料，陈玉安等编，重庆大学出版社，2008.6.六、考核方式开卷笔试。
材料科学专业英语词汇(H)
材料科学专业英语词汇(H)材料科学专业英语词汇(H)材料科学专业英语词汇(H)h steelh 钢(硬化能带钢)h-bandh 带(硬化能带harden ability band)h-beamh 型梁h-monelh 蒙镍合金h.a.z. crack (heat affected zpne crack)热影响区裂痕habit plane 晶癖面hack 格架hacksaw 弓锯hadfield [manganese] steel 哈德菲[高锰]钢hafnium (hf,72)金合haigl machine 海氏疲劳试验机hair crack 毛裂，毛状微裂痕hair line 毛纹hair seam 毛状叠纹half cutting 半厚度切割half dislocation 半差排half life 半衷期half martensite 半麻田散体half nut 对开螺帽half thickness 半阻厚度(核子_)half-bat 半砖half-hard cold work 全硬级冷加工halite 岩盐hall coefficient 哈耳系数hall effect 哈耳效应hall process 哈耳法halloysite 多水高岭土halogen lamp annealer 卤素灯退火处理机halogen leak detector 卤素测漏器hammer 鎚hammer dies 鎚模hammer mill 鎚碎机hammer weld 锻接hammer, air 空气鎚hammer, air-driven 气动鎚hammer, air-lift gravity drop 气提自落鎚hammer, beit 皮带鎚hammer, belt drop 皮带落鎚hammer, board 板鎚hammer, board drop 板落鎚hammer, c-frame 弓架鎚hammer, counterblow 对击鎚hammer, crusher 鎚碎机hammer, double frame 双架鎚hammer, double-arch 双拱鎚hammer, drop 落鎚hammer, float die 平模鎚hammer, forging 锻鎚hammer, gravity drop 自落鎚hammer, hardening 鎚击硬化hammer, pneumatic 气动鎚hammer, power 动力鎚hammer, power drop 动力落鎚hammer, rod 杆鎚hammer, rod drop 动力杆落鎚落鎚hammer, single frame 单架鎚hammer, single-arch 单拱鎚hammer, single-blow 单击鎚hammer, steam 蒸汽鎚hammer, steam drop 蒸汽落鎚hand bellow 手风箱hand charging 手工加料hand core/soft core 硬体核心/软体核心hand forging 手锻hand molding 手造模handler 程序处理机hanover metal 汉诺威金属(轴承金属8%sb, 5%cu, 其余为sn)hansgrig magnesium process 汉斯格里炼镁法hard chrome plating 镀硬铬hard coke 硬质焦[碳]hard cold work 硬级冷加工hard drawing 硬拉，硬抽hard drawn wire 硬拉线hard macro cell 硬性巨集功能电路胞hard magnetic material 硬磁材料hard metal 硬金属(黏结碳化物另一名称)hard soldening 硬焊hard solder 硬焊料hard steel 硬钢hard water 硬水hard zone cracks 熔接区裂纹hard-bake 硬性烘烤处理hard-drawn steel 硬拉钢hard-facing[ 加焊]硬面法hardenability 硬化能hardened steel 硬化钢hardened structure 硬化组织hardener 硬化剂hardening 硬化hardening agent 硬化剂hardening capacity 硬化能hardening crack 硬化龟裂hardening furnace 淬火炉hardening penetration 硬化深度hardening temperature 硬化温度hardening thickness 硬他厚度hardness 硬度hardness factor 硬度因数hardness test 硬度试验hardware bronze 器皿青铜hardware description language 硬体记述语言hardware/software co-design 硬体/软体协同设计hare's fure glaze 兔毫岫harris process 哈举斯法hartman lines 哈特曼线(即luder's line)hastelloy 赫史特合金(镍基耐酸耐热合金) haydite 海德石(从矿)haynes alloy 海恩斯合金haze 雾状hazelett stripcasting machine 赫兹莱特铸片机head 头部headability 锻粗性header 锻粗机header slider (on upsetters)锻粗滑块(锻粗机) heading 锻粗health hazards 健康危害heap leaching 堆集浸滤，堆集浸洗hearth 炉膛heat balance 热平衡heat block 加热组合单元heat capacity 热容量heat checking 热裂heat content 热含量heat cycle 热循环heat exchanger 热交换器heat flow 热流heat insulating brick 隔热砖heat insulation plate 隔热板heat loss 热(量)损失heat of formation 生成热heat of friction 摩擦热heat of fusion 熔解热heat of hydration 水化热heat of reaction 反应热heat oven 乾燥炉heat plate 加热板heat recovery 热回收heat resistant alloy 耐热合金heat resistant casting 耐热铸件heat resistant steel 耐热钢heat resisting cast iron 耐热铸铁heat resisting cast steel 耐热铸钢heat resisting steel 耐热铸钢heat shock 耐震heat sink 散热体heat spotting 局部热处理heat tinting 热蚀法heat transfer 热传递heat transfer coefficient 热传递系数heat transmission 热传递heat tratable alloy 可热处理合金heat tratment 热处理heat treating film 热处理膜heat treatment 热处理heat treatment furnace 热处理炉heat up stage 加热夹片台heat value 热值heat-affectred zone 受热变质区heat-treated structure 热处理织heat-work 热功heated capillary shank 毛细管压接加热柄heated wedge shank 楔型压接加热柄heating element 发热元件heating process 加热过程heating rate 加热速率heating temperature 加热温度heating time 加热时间heating warpage test 加热翘幽试验heating zone 加热区heavy metal 重金属heavy modia separation 重介质分离heavy weight concrete 重质混凝土hecnum 海克能合金(含55%cu, 45%ni 电阻用合金) hegeler roaster 海格勒焙烧机heisenberg uncertainty principle 海森堡不确定原理helical etching system 螺旋型蚀刻系统helicon etching system 螺旋波蚀刻系统helium (he,2)氦helium leak detector 氦测漏器helium leak-test 氦漏气试验hematite 赤铁矿hematite pig iron 赤铁矿生铁hemming 摺边henderson cinder roasting process 汉得逊结块焙烧法henry's activity 亨利活性henry's constant 亨利常数henry's law 亨利定律herber hardness tester 哈柏特硬度试验机herculoy 赫可金金(一种矽青铜)hercynite 热铝尖晶石hermetic seal 密封heroult electric arc furnace 海洛式电弧炉herrenschmidt furnace 海仑斯密特炉herreschmidt process 海仑斯密特法herreshoff roaster 哈里肖夫焙烧机hess's law 海斯定律heterogeneity 非均质heterogeneous materials 非均质材料heterogeneous nucleation 非均质成核heterogeneous reaction 非均质反应heterogeneous structure 非均质组织heusler alloy 豪斯勒合金(一种强磁性非铁合金)hexagonal close-packed lattice (hcp)六方密格子hexagonal indices 六方指标hexagonal system 六方晶系hexode type reactive ion etching system 六角柱型反应性离子蚀刻系统heyn stress 海恩应力(金属晶粒内微观残留应力)hf added pure water 添加氢氟酸纯水hf vapor cleaning equipment 氢氟酸蒸汽洗条设备hi tile 肩脊瓦hidurax 希杜拉合金(一种复杂铝青铜)hierarchical design 阶层式设计high bainite (upper bainite)上变勒体high brass 高黄铜high carcon steel 高碳钢high current ion implanter 大电流离子值入机high density plasma enhanced cvd 高密度等离子体增强型cvd high duty cast iron 高强铸high duty fire clay 高级耐火粘土high duty fire clay brick 高粘土质耐火砖high duty fire clay refractory 高级粘土质耐火材料high duty silica brick 高级矽砖high energy ion implanter 高能量离子值入机high expansion steel 高膨胀钢high frequency test head interface 高频测试头介面high frequency ultrasonic bonding 高频超音波接合high level description language 高阶记述语言high level synthesis 高阶合成器high power direct arc electric furnace 高电力直接电弧炉high pressure czochralski method 高压cz 法high pressure jet spray 高压喷射喷雾机high pressure method 高压法high pressure operation 高压操作high pressure thermal oxidation furnace 高压热氧化炉high siliceous brick 高矽质砖high speed buffer memory 高数缓冲记忆器high speed circuit technology design 高速电路工程设计high speed steel 高速钢high test cast iron 高级铸铁high vacuum method 高真空法high voltage electron micro-scopy 高压电子显微镜学high voltage electron microscopy 高压电子显微镜学high voltage terminal 高压端子high wind velocity burn-in system 高风速老化测试系统high-alhali cement 高硷水泥high-alumina brick 高铝砖high-alumina cement 高铝水泥high-alumina refractory 高铝耐火材料high-angle boundary 高角晶界high-conductivity berllium copper 高导电铍铜合金high-duty fireclay brick 高级火黏土砖high-early streagth potland cement 早强波德兰水泥high-early-strength cement 早强水泥high-energy-rate forming 高能率成形high-frequency heating 高频加热法high-frequency induction furnace 高周波感应电炉high-frequency induction hardening 高周波硬化high-frequency induction heating method 高频感应加热法high-frequency welding 高周波熔接high-leaeded brass 高铅黄铜high-manganese steel 高锰钢high-phosphorous pig [iron] 高磷生铁high-silicon bronze 高矽青铜high-silicon cast iron 高矽铸铁high-speed steel 高速钢high-temperature alloy 耐高温合金high-temperature carburizing 高温渗碳high-temperature corrosion 高温腐蚀high-temperature oxidation 高温氧化high-temperature refractory 高温耐火材料high-temsile steel 高强度钢high-tension steel 高强度钢high-velocity forging 高速锻造high-velocity thermocouple 高速热电偶high-zinc brass 高锌黄铜hindered contraction 限缩变形hiperco 海派钴(高导磁铁钴铬合金)hipernick 海派镍(高导磁率合金50%fe,50%ni)histogram memory 条带图记忆器hit rate 击中率hoffmann kiln 何夫曼窑hogging 切整(用焰切法)holding furnace 保温炉hole 孔holfos bronze 难弗青铜(今10%-23%sn 之青铜) hollow billet 中空钢胚hollow block 空心砖hollow casting 空铸法hollow clay block 空心黏土砖hollow-brick 空心砖hollow-ware 深皿holmium (ho,67)金火holocrystalline 全结晶质hologram 全像片holography 全像摄影homogeneity 均质homogeneous carburizing 均质渗碳homogeneous deformation 均匀变形homogeneous material 均质材料homogeneous nucleation 均态成核homogeneous structure 均质组织homogenization 均质化，均质作用homogenizing 均质化homogenizing anneal 均质化退火homopolar bonding 同极结合honda alloy 本田合金(永久磁体，15-35%co,10-25%ni,8-25%ti 其余为fe)hone 搪磨石honing 搪磨hood 通风橱；排气罩hook gauge 钩式度量尺，钩尺hook's law 虎克定律hookean solid 虎克固体hoop iron 箍铁hopkins process 霍普金法hopper 漏斗horizontal bridgman method 水平型布里志曼法horizontal loader 树脂接合horizontal press 帮式压机horn press 角台压机horse 梯桁；鞍形支架horse power 马力horseshoe magnet 马蹄铁形磁体hot acid circulation and filtration system 高温酸液循环过滤系统hot air stove 热风炉hot air (gas)drying equipment 热空气乾燥设备hot bent test 热变试验hot blast cupola 热风焙铁炉hot blast furnace 热风炉hot casting crack 热铸裂hot cathod ionization gauge 热阴极游离[真空]计hot cell 辐射室hot chuck 高温夹具hot coining 热压印hot cold work 热冷加工hot cracking 热裂hot deformation 热变形hot dipping 热浸法hot drawing 热拉法hot extrusion 热挤hot floor 热炕hot forging 热锻造hot forming 热成形hot hardness 高温硬度hot heading 热锻粗hot hubbing 热模压hot junction 热接端hot laboratory (hot lab)热实验室(放射性材料实验室) hot peening 热珠击法hot peening marquenching 热珠击麻淬火hot permeability 热通气性hot plate oven 热平板烘烤炉hot pressing 热压制hot rolled bar steel 热轧钢条hot rolled sheet steel 热轧钢片hot rolling 热轧hot sawing 热锯切hot shearing 热剪裁hot shortness 热脆性hot sizing 热修准hot stage 热载台(显微镜用)hot stage microscope 高温载台显微镜hot stretching 热伸展hot tear 热裂hot tinting 热着色法hot top 热顶hot trimming 热修边hot upsetting 热锻粗hot wall 热壁hot wall furnace 热壁炉hot work 热加工，热作，高温加工hot working die steel 热[作]模钢hot zone parts 加热区域组件hot-blast stove 热风炉hot-carrier test 热载子试验hot-dip metallic coating 热浸金属护膜hot-metal ladle 熔金属盛桶hot-metal mixer 熔铁混合器hot-patching 热补法hot-plate spalling test 热板剥落试验hot-strip mill 板条热轧机hot-wire process 热丝精炼法hot0blast main 热风主道hotel china 旅馆用瓷；厚质餐瓷hotfeld time-yield test 哈特菲时间对降代潜变试验hounsfield tensometer 韩司菲尔张力计hour-glass fracture 沙漏形破裂hovel kiln 贺非窑；罩窑hover kiln 气垫隧道窑hoyt no.11 赫意德十一号合金(轴承金属2.5%cu,7%sb 其余为锡)hub blade 毂状磨石刀片hubbing 轮毂成形，阴模攻制huber's alloy 胡伯合金(85%ce, 其余为铁之一种打火合金)hubless blade 无中枢刀片huggenberger tensometer 胡根伯格伸长计hume-rothery phase 休木若塞瑞相humidity dryer 调湿乾燥室humman body corrosion 人体腐蚀humphrey's reagent 韩福瑞试剂humphreys spiral concentrator 韩福瑞蜗旋机huntington-heberleim sink and float 亨汀顿海布林浮沉法hy-tuf steel 强勒钢(典型成分为0.25%c,1.2%mn,1.5%si,1.8%ni,0.4%mo)hybrid scan 混合式扫描hydra steels 海着钢(类似热模钢)hydrated alumina 水化铝氧hydrated lime 消石灰hydration 水合[作用]hydraulic blade tensioning 油压式张力刀片hydraulic cement 水硬性水泥hydraulic forming 液压成形hydraulic lime 水硬石灰hydraulic press 液压机hydraulic setting refractory 水凝[性]耐火物hydraulic sizer 水力筛分机hydraulicking 水掘法hydrazine 联胺(无色液体n2h4，为一强还原剂)hydride 氢化物hydride descaling 氢化物去锈法hydro-blast 高压水清砂机hydrochloric acid 盐酸hydrocyclone classifier 湿式旋涡分级机hydrofluoric acid hydrogen peroxide mixture cleaning solution 氢氟酸过氧化氢混合洗涤液hydrogen blistering 氢泡伤hydrogen damage (hydrogen attack)氢害hydrogen electrode 氢电极hydrogen embrittlement 氢脆性，氢脆化hydrogen film 氢膜hydrogen gas burning 氢气燃烧hydrogen loss 氢内损常(p/m)hydrogen overvoltage 氢过[电]压hydrogen termination 氢终结化hydrogen-treating process 氢处理法(搪瓷)hydrometallurgy 水冶金，湿法冶金hydrometer[ 液体]比重计hydronalium 海装铝(含2-10%mg, 0.2-1.5%si,0.2-1.0%mu 的一系列铝合金)hydropgen annealed wafer 经氢气退火之晶圆hydrophilic colloid 亲水胶体hydrophobic colloid 疏水胶体hydroseparator 水力分离器hydrosol 水溶胶hydrostatic extrusion 静力液挤压hydrostatic pressing 液均压法(粉未冶金)hydrostatic tension 均张力hydryzing 氢流热处理hygrometer 湿度计hypereutectic 过共晶hypereutectic alloy 过共晶合金hypereutectic cast iron 过共晶铸铁hypereutectoid alloy 过共析合金hypereutectoid cast iron 过共析铸铁hypereutectoid steel 过共析钢hypocrystalline 亚结得质hypoeutectic 亚共晶hypoeutectic cast iron 亚共晶铸铁hypoeutective alloy 亚共晶合金hypoeutectoid steel 亚共析钢hysteresis loop 磁滞环hystersis 迟滞hystersis loss 迟滞损失材料科学专业英语词汇(H) 相关内容:。
软磁工艺流程
软磁工艺流程Soft magnetic materials are essential components in many electronic devices and have a wide range of applications in various fields. These materials exhibit high magnetic permeability and low coercivity, making them ideal for magnetic storage, sensors, and transformers. The fabrication process of soft magnetic materials involves several steps such as sintering, annealing, and coating to optimize their magnetic properties. 软磁材料在许多电子设备中扮演着至关重要的角色，并在各个领域有着广泛的应用。
这些材料表现出较高的磁导率和较低的矫顽力，使它们成为磁存储、传感器和变压器的理想材料。
软磁材料的制备过程包括烧结、退火和涂层等多个步骤，以优化其磁性能。
The sintering process involves compacting the soft magnetic powder into a desired shape and size using a controlled heating and cooling cycle. This helps to densify the material and remove any porosity, resulting in improved magnetic properties. The temperature and time during sintering are critical parameters that can affect the final magnetic characteristics of the material. 烧结过程涉及将软磁粉末通过控制的加热和冷却循环压实成所需的形状和尺寸。
基于极限磁滞回线法的软磁复合材料磁特性模拟
NSW 2006 Australia）
之和来表示。磁化强度 M 可表示为
∫∫ M = μ(α, β )γαβ (H )dαdβ
S
（1）
式中，μ(α, β) 为铁磁材料中磁偶极子的密度分布函
数，代表所有的矩形算子在 Preisach 平面上的稀疏
程度；积分面积 S 代表上下阈值的极限（正负饱和
为了改进传统磁滞模型中的不足，近年来国内 外研究学者也提出了一系列的修正模型，其中张艳 丽等从工程应用的角度对 E&S 模型进行了改进，建 立了基于二维磁特性测量的电工钢片矢量磁滞模 型[10]。李丹丹等结合经典 Preisach 模型和 S-W 模型 的建模原理，提出混合矢量模型的建模方法，对不 同频率不同幅值的正弦交变和圆形旋转磁化场下 SMC 材料的磁滞特性进行数值模拟[11]。张长庚等提 出一种基于旋转磁特性测量的瞬态矢量磁滞损耗模 型，能够预测对空间任意磁通密度轨迹的瞬时磁滞
2018 年 10 月 第 33 卷第 20 期
电工技术学报
TRANSACTIONS OF CHINA ELECTROTECHNICAL SOCIETY
DOI: 10.19595/ki.1000-6753.tces.171306
Vol.33 No. 20
Oct.
2018
基于极限磁滞回线法的 软磁复合材料磁特性模拟
河北工业大学李永建等提出了宽频三维磁特性测量 的柔性励磁方法，研制出了改进的立交三激励三维 磁特性测量装置，并对 SMC 材料在宽频范围、旋 转励磁条件下的三维磁特性进行了详细的测量[5]。 沈阳工业大学张艳丽等建立了双激励型电工钢片二 维磁特性测量系统，对硅钢片等软磁材料的二维磁 特性进行了测量研究[6]。
非晶体软磁材料应用及发展
7 重点企业
7.广州金磁海纳新材料科技有限公司
金磁海纳坐落于广州市,是一家专业生产、研发、销售非晶纳米晶软磁材料及器 件的高科技公司,公司致力于为电力电器、信息电子、新能源、光伏、航天军工等 领域提供综合解决方案,产品主要有EMC 共模电感、高线性电流互感器铁芯、功 率变压器铁芯、智能电表铁芯、漏电保护断路器铁芯等、非晶电机、防盗标签、 非晶钎焊料、无线充电以及磁屏蔽片等。同时拥有多项非晶纳米晶成分设计相关 发明专利,铁芯相关实用新型专利若干。
国内发展现状
国内非晶软磁材料发展较晚,1995年建立了国家非晶微晶合金工程技术研究中心,2010年我国建成首 个年产4万吨铁基非晶带材生产基地,打破国外垄断,成为第二个拥有非晶带材技术的国家。2010年以 来,非晶带材应用已基本实现非晶合金产业全覆盖。尽管生产企业众多,规模化量产的企业较少,产能利 用率差距较大,呈现两极分化格局,坚持技术创新、产品升级的企业不仅继续占据市场主要份额,且在创 新中保持着行业龙头地位,其中主要参与者包括安泰科技、云路股份、中研非晶、兆晶科技等。
性能对比
第五章
应用范围
4 种类划分
软磁材料因具有磁电转换的功能，广泛应用于变压器、电感电容、逆变器等领域，下游包含 电力电网、新能源车、新能源发电、消费电子、5G 通讯、家电等诸 多行业。
软磁材料在电力领域应用原理
5 应用范围
电力电子技术领域
大功率中、高频变压器、逆变 器、大功率开关电源变压器
2.受新基建投资带动，用户工程领域的非晶合金市场广阔。“新基 建”主要涉及5G基站及其应用、光伏电网、城际轨道交通、新能源 车及充电桩、大数据中心等领域，相关领域投资建设将带动大批量 用户工程端干式变压器需求。由于新基建项目大多用电量较大且用 电不均衡、运行负载率低，非晶干式变压器能大幅降低供电系统能 耗，提高电源能量变换效率，预计相关投资建设会对非晶变压器需 求形成有效拉动。
磁性材料
Wedged thin films present a range of thicknesses for study in a single sample. Decorated steps and quantum corrals have been grown with atomic-level control. Laterally patterned structures in the bottom include thin films, magnetic dots and wires, and arrays of magnetic-multilayer columns. The broad range of materials that can be grown in these nanostructures present many interesting fundamental questions and potential technological applications. They also present many experimental challenges, such as distinguishing magnetism in buried ultrathin layers from that at the interfaces between them. [Figure courtesy of S. D. Bader, Argonne National Laboratory.]
Figure Advanced computer disks consist of granular magnetic materials like CoPtCr with admixtures of boron or tantalum in order to minimize the transition width between the magnetic domains.
英文material是什么中文意思
英文material是什么中文意思英文material是什么中文意思我们要知道英文material正确的发音，还要知道它实际所指的中文意思。
下面就让店铺给大家分享英文material是什么中文意思吧，希望能对你有帮助!material的中文意思英 [mtril] 美 [mtril]第三人称复数：materialsmaterial 基本解释名词素材; 材料，原料; 布，织物; 适当人选形容词物质的; 肉体的; 重要的，决定性的; 辩证的，推论的例句1. Your writing materials are in the top drawer of your desk.你的书写文具在你书桌的.最上面的抽屉里。
2. Wood and stone are the only raw materials on the island.木材和石头是这个岛上仅有的原材料。
material的词典解释1. 人才;(做…的)料If you say that someone is a particular kind of material, you mean that they have the qualities or abilities to do a particular job or task.e.g. She was not university material...她不是上大学的料。
e.g. His message has changed little since he became presidential material.成为总统候选人后，他的宣言并没有多少变化。
2. (证据或信息)直接相关的，实质性的，重要的Material evidence or information is directly relevant and important in a legal or academic argument.e.g. The nature and availability of material evidence was not to be discussed...实质性证据的性质和可用性毋庸讨论。
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Soft Magnetic Materials Features:
high initial permeability (µi) high maximum permeability (µmax) low coercivity (Hc) high saturation magnetization (Ms) low remanence (Br) high resistivity low hysteresis energy loss; ……
amorphous; nano-crystalline； ……
Soft Magnetic Materials
Soft Magnetic Materials
Applications
enhance by an appropriate heat treatment
ferrite hard magnetic materials
BaO-6Fe2O3; SrO-6Fe2O3; ……
lanthanon hard magnetic materials
SmCo5; Nd2Fe14B； ……
Hard Magnetic Materials
Hard Magnetic Materials
The area within the hysteresis loop of hard magnetic materials is big; it is characteristically wide. This energy product [(BH)max] corresponds to the area of the largest B-H rectangle that can be constructed within the second quadrant of the hysteresis curve.
Soft Magnetic Materials
Composition
saturation magnetization
Influence factors
Structural Variables
susceptibility;uctural Defects
Fig. 18.17 Schematic magnetization curves for Hard magnetic materials
The hysteresis characteristics
for soft and hard magnetic materials are compared in Figure 18.18. From the figure, we can see the difference between these two materials in terms of magnetization more clearly.
pure iron; iron-silicon alloys; iron-nickel alloys; permalloy；……
ferrite soft magnetic materials
MnZn; NiZn; MgZn; Co2Y; Co2Z; ……
nano-crystalline soft magnetic materials
Soft Magnetic Materials Definition:
Soft magnetic materials are mainly referred to those easily magnetized repeatedly and easily demagnetized after removal of the external magnetic field.
Hard Magnetic Materials
Classification
by the value of (BH)max
Conventional
High-energy
metal hard magnetic materials
magnet steels; Cu-Ni-Fe alloys, Al-Ni-Co alloys； ……
Hard Magnetic Materials
microstructure of material
Influence factors
domain wall motion
external field
coercivity (Hc); susceptibility
Fig. 18.18 Schematic magnetization curves for Soft and Hard magnetic materials
Hard Magnetic Materials Features:
high coercivity (Hc) high remanence (Br) low initial permeability (µi) high energy product (BH)max high hysteresis energy loss high saturation flux density stability; ……
Hard Magnetic Materials
Applications
motors; clocks; cordless drills; screw drivers; automobiles; audio and video recorders;
speakers in audio Systems; lightweight earphones; hearing aids; computer peripherals;
Soft Magnetic Materials The area within a loop represents
a magnetic energy loss per unit volume of material per magnetization–demagnetization cycle. The relative area within the hysteresis loop is small; it is characteristically thin and narrow.
generators; magnetic amplifier; pulse transformer motors; dynamos; switching circuits
Hard Magnetic Materials Definition:
Hard magnetic materials are those have a high resistance to magnetization, and still retain a high residual magnetization after removal of the external magnetic field, also known as permanent magnet materials.
domain walls; coercivity (Hc)
hysteresis energy loss
Electrical Resistivity
Soft Magnetic Materials
Classification
metal soft magnetic materials
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Soft and Hard Magnetic Materials
Classification of Magnetic Materials
By the types of magnetic
Soft Magnetic Materials Hard Magnetic Materials Information Magnetic Materials Special Function Magnetic Materials