考研法律硕士常用法律词汇英语注解
法律硕士考研复试英文词汇参考大全
法律硕士复试英语词汇翻译大全案件受理费court acceptance fee案情重大、复杂important and complicated case 案由cause of action案子case包揽诉讼monopolize lawsuits被告defendant(用于民事、行政案件); the accused (用于刑事案件)被上诉人appellee被诉人respondent; defendant本案律师counsel prohac vice本地律师local counsel毕业证diploma; graduation certificate辩护词defense; pleadings辩护律师defense lawyer辩护要点point of defense辩护意见submission财产租赁property tenancy裁定书order; ruling; determination（指终审裁定）裁决书award（用于仲裁）裁决书verdict（用于陪审团）采信的证据admitted evidence; established evidence草拟股权转让协议drafting agreement of assignment of equity interests查阅法条source legal provisions产权转让conveyancing出差go on errand; go on a business trip出国深造further study abroad出具律师意见书providing legal opinion出示的证据exhibit出庭appear in court传票summons; subpoena答辩状answer; reply代理词representation代理房地产买卖与转让agency for sale and transfer of real estate代理公证、商标、专利、版权、房地产、工商登记agency for notarization, trademark, patent, copyright, and registration of real estate and incorporations代理仲裁agency for arbitration代写文书drafting of legal instruments待决案件pending case当事人陈述statement of the parties第三人third party吊销执业证revocation of lawyer license调查笔录investigative record调查取证investigation and gathering for evidence调解mediation调解书mediation二审案件case of trial of second instance发送电子邮件send e-mail法律顾问legal consultants法律意见书legal opinions法律援助legal aid法律咨询legal counseling法庭division; tribunal法学博士学位LL.D (Doctor of Laws)法学会law society法学课程legal courses法学硕士学位LL.M (Master of Laws)法学系faculty of law; department of law法学学士学位LL.B (Bachelor of Laws)J.D ( juris doctor缩写，美国法学学士)法学院law school法院公告court announcement反诉状counterclaim房地产律师real estate lawyer; real property lawyer非合伙律师associate lawyer非诉讼业务non-litigation practice高级合伙人senior partner高级律师senior lawyer各类协议和合同agreements and contracts公安局Public Security Bureau公司上市company listing公诉案件public-prosecuting case公证书notarial certificate国办律师事务所state-run law office国际贸易international trade国际诉讼international litigation国内诉讼domestic litigation合伙律师partner lawyer合伙制律师事务所law office in partner-ship; cooperating law ofice合同审查、草拟、修改contract review, drafting and revision会见当事人interview a client会见犯罪嫌疑人interview a criminal suspect兼职律师part-time lawyer监狱prison; jail鉴定结论expert conclusion缴纳会费membership dues举证责任burden of proof; onus probandi决定书decision勘验笔录record of request看守所detention house抗诉书protest控告人accuser; complainant跨国诉讼transnational litigation劳动争议labor disputes劳动争议仲裁委员会arbitration committee for labor disputes劳改场reform-through-labor farm; prison farm 利害关系人interested party; party in interest律管处处长director of lawyer control department律师lawyer attorney; attorney at law律师惩戒lawyer discipline律师法Lawyer Law律师费lawyer fee律师函lawyer’s letter律师见证lawyer attestation/authentication律师见证书lawyer certification/authentication/witness律师卷宗lawyer’s docile; file律师刊物lawyer’s journal律师联系电话contact phone number of a lawyer 律师事务所law office; law firm律师收费billing by lawyer律师网站lawyer website律师协会National Bar (Lawyer) Association 律师协会会员member of Lawyer Association律师协会秘书长secretary general of Bar (Lawyer) Association律师协会章程Articles of Lawyer Assocition律师业务室lawyer’s office律师执业证lawyer license律师助理assistant lawyer律师资格考试bar exam; lawyer qualification exam律师资格证lawyer qualification certificate民事案件civil case民事调解civil mediation民事诉讼civil litigation派出所local police station; police substation判决judgement(用于民事、行政案件); determination(用于终审);sentence(用于刑事案);verdict(由陪审团作出)旁证circumstantial evidence企业章程articles of association; articles of incorporation; bylaw企业重组corporate restructure起诉状information; indictment取消律师资格disbar全国律师代表大会National Lawyer Congress缺席宣判pronounce judgement or determination by default人民法院People’s Court人民检察院People’s Procuratorate认定事实determine facts上诉案件case of trial of second instance; appellate case上诉人appellant上诉状petition for appeal涉外律师lawyers specially handling foreign-related matters申请复议administrative reconsideration petition申请加入律师协会application for admission to Law Association申请人petitioner; claimant申诉案件appeal case申诉人（仲裁）claimant; plaintiff申诉书appeal for revision, petition for revision实习律师apprentice lawyer; lawyer in probation period实习律师证certificate of apprentice lawyer视听证据audio-visual reference material适用法律apply law to facts受害人victim书证documentary evidence司法部Ministry of Justice司法建议书judicial advise司法局Judicial Bureau司法局副局长deputy director of Judicial Bureau司法局局长director of Judicial Bureau司法统一考试uniform judicial exam送达service of process诉讼litigation; action; lawsuit诉讼当事人litigation party; litigious party诉讼业务litigation practice诉状complaint; bill of complaint; statement of claim推销法律服务promote/market legal service外国律师事务所foreign law office委托代理合同authorized representation contract委托代理人agent ad litem; entrusted agent委托授权书power of attorney物证material evidence嫌疑人criminal suspect项目融资project financing项目谈判project negotiating刑事案件criminal case刑事诉讼criminal litigation行政诉讼administrative litigation休庭adjourn the court; recess宣判pronounce judgement; determination宣誓书affidavit业务进修attendance in advanced studies一审案件case of trial of first instance与国外律师事务所交流communicate with foreign law firms原告plaintiff证券律师securities lawyer证人证言testimony of witness; affidavit执行笔录execution record 执业登记registration for practice执业范围scope of practice; sphere of practice; practice area执业申请practice application执业证年检annual inspection of lawyer license 仲裁arbitration仲裁案件arbitration case仲裁机构arbitration agency专门律师specialized lawyer专职律师professional lawyer; full-time lawyer 撰写法律文章write legal thesis资信调查credit standing investigation自诉案件private prosecuting case二、诉讼法律案件case案件发回remand/rimit a case (to a low court)案件名称title of a case案卷材料materials in the case案情陈述书statement of case案外人person other than involved in the case案值total value involved in the case败诉方losing party办案人员personnel handling a case保全措施申请书application for protective measures报案report a case (to security authorities)被告defendant; the accused被告人最后陈述final statement of the accused 被告向原告第二次答辩rejoinder被害人victim被害人的诉讼代理人victim’s agent ad litem被上诉人respondent; the appellee被申请人respondent被申请执行人party against whom execution is filed被执行人person subject to enforcement本诉principal action必要共同诉讼人party in necessary co-litigation 变通管辖jurisdiction by accord辩护defense辩护律师defense attorney/lawyer辩护人defender辩护证据exculpatory evidence; defense evidence辩论阶段stage of court debate驳回反诉dismiss a counterclaim; reject a counterclaim驳回请求deny/dismiss a motion驳回上诉、维持原判reject/dismiss the appeal and sustain the original judgement/ruling驳回诉讼dismiss an action/suit驳回通知书notice of dismissal驳回自诉dismiss/reject a private prosecution驳回自诉裁定书ruling of dismissing private-prosecuting case补充答辩supplementary answer补充判决supplementary judgement补充侦查supplementary investigation不公开审理trial in camera不立案决定书written decision of no case-filing 不批准逮捕决定书written decision of disapproving an arrest不起诉nol pros不予受理起诉通知书notice of dismissal of accusation by the court财产保全申请书application for attachment; application for property preservation裁定order; determination (指最终裁定)裁定管辖jurisdiction by order裁定书order; ruling裁决书award采信的证据admitted evidence查封seal up撤回上诉withdraw appeal撤诉withdraw a lawsuit撤销立案revoke a case placed on file撤销原判，发回重审rescind the original judgement and remand the case ro the original court for retrial出示的证据exhibit除权判决invalidating judgement (for negotiable instruments)传唤summon; call传闻证据hearsay答辩answer; reply答辩陈述书statement of defence答辩状answer; reply大法官associate justices; justice 大检察官deputy chief procurator代理控告agency for accusation代理申诉agency for appeal代理审判员acting judge代为申请取保候审agency for application of the bail pending trial with restricted liberty of moving弹劾式诉讼accusatory procedure当事人陈述statement of the parties当庭宣判pronouncement of judgement or sentence in court地区管辖territorial jurisdiction地区检察分院inter-mediate People’s Procuratorate第三人third party调查笔录record of investigation定期宣判pronouncement of judgement or sentence later on a fixed date定罪证据incriminating evidence; inculpatory evidence冻结freeze督促程序procedure of supervision and urge独任庭sole-judge bench独任仲裁员sole arbitrator对妨碍民事诉讼的强制措施compulsory measures against impairment of civil action对席判决judgement inter parties二审trial of second instance二审案件case of trial of second insurance罚款impose a fine法定证据statutory legal evidence法定证据制度system of legal evidence法官judges法警bailiff; court police法律文书legal instruments/papers法律援助legal aid法律咨询legal consulting法庭辩论court debate法庭调查court investigation法庭审理笔录court record法庭审理方式mode of court trial法庭庭长chief judge of a tribunal法院court法院公告court announcement反诉counterclaim反诉答辩状answer with counterclaim反诉状counterclaim犯罪嫌疑人criminal suspect附带民事诉讼案件 a collateral civil action附带民事诉讼被告defendant of collateral civil action复查reexamination; recheck复验reinspect高级法官senior judge高级检察官senior procurator高级人民法院Higher People’s Court告诉案件case of complaint告诉才处理的案件case accepted at complaint告诉申诉庭complaint and petition division工读学校work-study school for delinquent children公安部Ministry of Public Security公安分局public security sub-bureau公安厅public security bureau at the levels of provinces, autonomous regions and cities under direct jurisdiction of central government公开审理trial in public公开审判制度open trial system公示催告程序procedure of public summons for exhortation公诉案件public-prosecuting case公诉词statement of public prosecution公证机关public notary office共同管辖concurrent jurisdiction管辖jurisdiction国际司法协助international judicial assistance 海事法院maritime court合议庭collegial panel合议庭评议笔录record of deliberating by the collegiate bench和解composition; compromise核对诉讼当事人身份check identity of litigious parties恢复执行resumption of execution回避withdrawal混合式诉讼mixed action基层人民法院basic People’s Court羁押期限term in custody 级别管辖subject matter jurisdiction of courts at different levels监视居住living at home under surveillance监狱prison检察官procurator检察权prosecutorial power检察委员会procuratorial/prosecutorial committee检察院procuratorate检察院派出机构outpost tribunal of procuratorate简易程序summary procedure鉴定结论expert conclusion经济审判庭economic tribunal径行判决direct adjudication without sessions; judgement without notice纠问式诉讼inquisitional proceedings拘传summon by force; summon by warrant拘留所detention house举报information/report of an offence举证责任burden of proof; onus probandi决定书decision军事法院military procuratorate开庭审理open a court session开庭通知notice of court session勘验笔录record of inquest看守所detention house可执行财产executable property控告式诉讼accusatory proceedings控诉证据incriminating evidence控诉职能accusation function扣押distrain on; attachment扣押物distress/distraint宽限期period of grace劳动争议仲裁申请书petition for labor dispute arbitration劳改场reform-through-labor farm劳教所reeducation-through-labor office类推判决的核准程序procedure for examination and approval of analogical sentence累积证据cumulative evidence立案报告place a case on file立案管辖functional jurisdiction立案决定书written decision of case-filing立案侦查report of placing a case on file利害关系人interested party临时裁决书interim award律师见证书lawyer’s written attestation; lawyer’s written authentication律师事务所law office; law firm律师提前介入prior intervention by lawyer免于刑事处分exemption from criminal penalty 民事案件civil case民事审判庭civil tribunal民事诉讼civil action民事诉讼法Civil Procedural Law扭送seize and deliver a suspect to the police派出法庭detached tribunal派出所police station判决judgement; determination判决书judgement; determination; verdict (指陪审团作出的)旁证circumstantial evidence陪审员juror批准逮捕approval of arrest破案clear up a criminal case; solve a criminal case破产bankruptcy; insolvency普通程序general/ordinary procedure普通管辖general jurisdiction企业法人破产还债程序procedure of bankruptcy and liquidation of a business corporation起诉filing of a lawsuit起诉sue; litigate; prosecute; institution of proceedings起诉状indictment; information区县检察院grassroots People’s Procuratorate取保候审the bail pending trial with restricted liberty of moving缺席判决default judgement人民调解委员会People’s Mediation Committee 认定财产无主案件cases concerning determination of property as qwnerless认定公民无民事行为能力、限制民事行为能力案件cases concerning determination of a citizen as incompetent or with limited disposing capacity上诉appeal 上诉人appellant上诉状petition for appeal少管所juvenile prison社会治安综合治理comprehensive treatment of social security涉外案件cases involving foreign interests涉外民事诉讼foreign civil proceedings涉外刑事诉讼foreign criminal proceedings申请人applicant; petitioner申请书petition; application for arbitration申请执行人execution applicant申诉人宣誓书claimant’s affidavit of authenticity申诉书appeal for revision; petition for revision 神示证据制度system of divinity evidence神示制度ordeal system审查案件case review审查并决定逮捕examine and decide arrest审查起诉阶段stage of review and prosecution审理通知书notice of hearing审判长presiding judge审判长宣布开庭presiding judge announce court in session审判管辖adjudgement/trial jurisdiction审判监督程序procedure for trial supervision审判委员会judicial committee审判员judge审问式诉讼inquisitional proceedings生效判决裁定legally effective judgement/order 胜诉方winning party省市自治区检察院higher People’s Procuratorate失踪和死亡宣告declaration of disappearance and death实（质）体证据substantial evidence实物证据tangible evidence实在证据real evidence示意证据demonstrative evidence视听证据audio-visual evidence收容所collecting post; safe retreat首席大法官chief justice首席检察官chief procurator受害人的近亲属victim’s immediate family受理acceptance受理刑事案件审批表registration form of acceptance of criminal case受送达人the addressee书记员court clerk书记员宣读法庭纪律court clerk reads court rules书证documentary evidence司法部Ministry of Justice司法机关judicial organizatons司法警察judicial police司法局judicial bureau司法厅judicial bureau at the levels of provinces, autonomous regions, and cities under direct jurisdiction of central government司法协助judicial assistance死缓的复核judicial review of death sentence with a retrieve死刑复核程序procedure for judicial review of death sentence死刑复核权competence for judicial review of death sentence送达service of process送达传票service of summons/subpoena送达诉状service of bill of complaint搜查search诉sue; suit; action; lawsuit诉前财产保全property attachment prior to lawsuit诉讼litigation; lawsuit; sue; action诉讼保全attachment诉讼参加人litigious participants诉讼代理人agent ad litem诉状complaint; bill of complaint; state of claim 特别程序special procedures提起公诉institute a public prosecution铁路法院railway court铁路检察院railroad transport procuratorate庭审程序procedure of court trial通缉wanted for arrest投案appearance退回补充侦查return of a case for supplementary investigation委托辩护entrusted defense未成年人法庭juvenile court 无行政职务的法官associate judge无正当理由拒不到庭refuse to appear in court without due cause无罪判决acquittal, finding of “ not guilty ”物证material evidence先予执行申请书application for advanced execution先予执行advanced execution刑事案件criminal case刑事拘留criminal detention刑事强制拘留criminal coercive/compulsory measures刑事审判庭criminal tribunal刑事诉讼criminal proceedings刑事诉讼法Criminal Procedural Law刑事自诉状self-incriminating criminal complaint行政案件administrative case行政审判庭administrative tribunal行政诉讼administrative proceedings行政诉讼法Administrative Procedural Law宣告失踪、宣告死亡案件cases concerning the declaration of disappearance and death宣判笔录record of rendition of judgement选民资格案件cases concerning qualifications of voters询问证人inquire/question a witness训诫reprimand讯问笔录record of interrogation询问犯罪嫌疑人interrogate criminal suspect言词证据verbal evidence要求传唤证人申请书application for subpoena 一裁终局arbitration award shall be final and binding一审trial of first instance一审案件case of trial of first instance应诉通知书notice of respondence to action有罪判决sentence; finding of “guilty”予审preliminary examinantion; pretrial原告plaintiff院长court president阅卷笔录record of file review (by lawyers)再审案件case of retrial再审申请书petition for retrial责令具结悔过order to sign a statement of repentance债权人会议creditors’ meeting侦查阶段investigation stage侦查终结conclusion of investigation征询原、被告最后意见consulting final opinion of the plaintiff and defendant证据evidence证据保全preserve evidence证据保全申请书application for evidence preservation证人证言testimony of witness; affidavit支付令payment order/warrant知识产权庭intellectual property tribunal执行程序procedure execution执行逮捕execution of arrest执行和解conciliation of execution执行回转recovery of execution执行庭executive tribunal执行异议objection to execution执行员executor执行中止discontinuance of execution执行终结conclusion of execution指定辩护appointed defense指定仲裁员声明statement of appointing arbitrator中级人民法院intermediate People’s Court中途退庭retreat during court session without permission仲裁arbitration仲裁被诉人respondent; defendant仲裁裁决award仲裁申请书arbitration仲裁申诉人claimant; plaintiff仲裁庭arbitration tribunal仲裁委员会arbitration committee仲裁协议arbitration agreement; clauses of arbitration仲裁员arbitrator主诉检察官principal procurator助理检察官assistant procurator助理审判员assistant judge专门法院special court专门管辖specific jurisdiction 专属管辖exclusive jurisdiction追究刑事责任investigate for criminal responsibility自首confession to justice自诉案件private-prosecuting case自行辩护self-defense自由心证制度doctrine of discretional evaluation of evidence自侦案件self-investigating case最高人民法院the Supreme People’s Court最高人民检察院the Supreme People’s Procuratorate最后裁决书final award三、民事法律法律渊源source of law制定法statute判例法case law; precedent普通法common law特别法special law固有法native law; indigenous law继受法adopted law实体法substantial law程序法procedural law原则法fundamental law例外法exception law司法解释judicial interpretation习惯法customary law公序良俗public order and moral自然法natural law罗马法Roman Law私法private law公法public law市民法jus civile万民法jus gentium民法法系civil law system英美法系system of Anglo-American law大陆法系civil law system普通法common law大陆法continental law罗马法系Roman law system英吉利法English law衡平法equity; law of equity日尔曼法Germantic law教会法ecclesiastical law寺院法canon law伊斯兰法Islamic law民法法律规范norm of civil law授权规范authorization norm禁止规范forbidding norm义务性规范obligatory norm命令性规范commanding norm民法基本原则fundamental principles of civil law平等原则principle of equality自愿原则principle of free will公平原则principle of justice等价有偿原则principle of equal value exchange 诚实信用原则principle of good faith行为act作为act不作为omission合法行为lawful act违法行为unlawful act民事权利权利能力civil right绝对权absolute right相对权relative right优先权right of priority先买权preemption原权antecedent right救济权right of relief支配权right of dominion请求权right of claim物上请求权right of claim for real thing形成权right of formation撤销权right of claiming cancellation否认权right of claiming cancellation解除权right of renouncement代位权subrogated right选择权right of choice承认权right of admission终止权right of termination抗辩权right of defense一时性抗辩权momentary right of defense永久性抗辩权permanent counter-argument right不安抗辩权unstable counter-argument right同时履行抗辩权defense right of simultaneous performance 既得权tested right期待权expectant right专属权exclusive right非专属权non-exclusive right人身权利personal right人权human right人格权right of personality生命健康权right of life and health姓名权right of name名称权right of name肖像权right of portraiture自由权right of freedom名誉权right reputation隐私权right of privacy私生活秘密权right of privacy贞操权virginity right身份权right of status亲权parental power; parental right亲属权right of relative探视权visitation right配偶权right of spouse荣誉权right of honor权利的保护protection of right公力救济public protection私力救济self-protection权利本位standard of right社会本位standard of society无责任行为irresponsible right正当防卫justifiable right; ligitimate defence 防卫行为act of defence自为行为self-conducting act紧急避险act of rescue; necessity自助行为act of self-help不可抗力force majeure意外事件accident行为能力capacity for act意思能力capacity of will民事行为civil act意思表示declaration of intention意思表示一致meeting of minds; consensus 完全行为能力perfect capacity for act限制行为能力restrictive capacity for act准禁治产人quasi-interdicted person保佐protection自治产人minor who is capable of administering his own capacity无行为能力incapacity for act禁治产人interdicted person自然人natural person公民citizen住所domicile居所residence经常居住地frequently dwelling place户籍census register监护guardianship个体工商户individual business农村承包经营户leaseholding rural household合伙partnership合伙人partner合伙协议partnership agreement合伙财产property of partnership合伙债务debt of partnership入伙join partnership退伙withdrawal from partnership合伙企业partnership business establishment个人合伙partnership法人合伙partnership of legal person特别合伙special partnership普通合伙general partnership有限合伙limited partnership民事合伙civil partnership隐名合伙sleeping partnership; dormant partnership私营企业private enterprise; proprietorship法人legal person企业法人legal body of enterprise企业集团group of enterprise关联企业affiliate enterprise个人独资企业individual business establishment 国有独资企业solely state-owned enterprise中外合资企业Sino-foreign joint venture enterprise中外合作企业Sino-foreign contractual enterprise社团法人legal body of mass organization财团法人legal body of financial group联营joint venture法人型联营association of legal persons 合伙型联营coordinated management in partnership协作型联营cooperation-type coordinated management合作社cooperative民事法律行为civil legal act单方民事法律行为unilateral civil legal act双方民事法律行为bilateral civil legal act多方民事法律行为joint act civil legal act有偿民事法律行为civil legal act with consideration无偿民事法律行为civil legal act without consideration; civil legal act without award实践性民事法律行为practical civil legal act诺成性民事法律行为consental civil legal act要式民事法律行为formal civil legal act不要式民事法律行为informal civil legal act要因民事法律行为causative civil legal act不要因民事法律行为noncausative civil legal act 主民事法律行为principal civil legal act从民事法律行为accessory civil legal act附条件民事法律行为conditional civil legal act 附期限民事法律行为civil legal act with term生前民事法律行为civil legal act before death死后民事法律行为civil legal act after death准民事法律行为quasi-civil legal act无效行为ineffective act可撤销民事行为revocable civil act违法行为illegal act; unlawful act侵权行为tort欺诈fraud胁迫duress乘人之危taking advantage of others’ precarious position以合法形式掩盖非法目的legal form concealing illegal intention恶意串通malicious collaboration重大误解gross misunderstanding显失公平obvious unjust误传misrepresentation代理agency本人principal被代理人principal受托人trustee代理人agent本代理人original agent法定代理人statutory agent; legal agent委托代理人agent by mandate指定代理人designated agent复代理人subagent再代理人subagent转代理人subagent代理权right of agency授权行为act of authorization授权委托书power of attorney代理行为act of agency委托代理agency by mandate本代理original agency复代理subagency次代理subagency有权代理authorized agency表见代理agency by estoppel; apparent agency 律师代理agency by lawyer普通代理general agency全权代理general agency全权代理委托书general power of attorney共同代理joint agency独家代理sole agency居间brokerage居间人broker行纪commission; broker house信托trust时效time limit; prescription; limitation时效中止suspension of prescription/limitation 时效中断interruption of limitation/prescription 时效延长extension of limitation取得时效acquisitive prescription时效终止lapse of time; termination of prescription期日date期间term涉外民事关系civil relations with foreign elements冲突规范rule of conflict准据法applicable law; governing law反致renvoi; remission转致transmission识别identification 公共秩序保留reserve of public order法律规避evasion of law国籍nationality国有化nationalization法律责任legal liability民事责任civil liability/responsibility行政责任administrative liability/responsibility 刑事责任criminal liability/responsibility违约责任liability of breach of contract; responsibility of default有限责任limited liability无限责任unlimited liability按份责任shared/several liability连带责任joint and several liability过失责任liability for negligence; negligent liability过错责任fault liability; liability for fault单独过错sole fault共同过错joint fault混合过错mixed fault被害人过错victim’s fault第三人过错third party’s fault推定过错presumptive fault恶意bad faith; malice故意deliberate intention; intention; willfulness 过失negligence重大过失gross negligence疏忽大意的过失careless and inadvertent negligence过于自信的过失negligence with undue assumption损害事实facts of damage有形损失tangible damage/loss无形损失intangible damage/loss财产损失property damage/loss人身损失personal damage/loss精神损失spiritual damage/loss民事责任承担方式methods of bearing civil liability停止侵害cease the infringing act排除妨碍exclusion of hindrance; removal of obstacle消除危险elimination of danger返还财产restitution of property恢复原状restitution; restitution of original state 赔偿损失compensate for a loss; indemnify for a loss支付违约金payment of liquidated damage消除影响eliminate ill effects恢复名誉rehabilitate one’s reputation赔礼道歉extend a formal apology物权jus ad rem; right in rem; real right物权制度real right system; right in rem system 一物一权原则the principal of One thing, One Right物权法定主义principal of legality of right in rem物权公示原则principal of public summons of right in rem物权法jus rerem物property生产资料raw material for production生活资料means of livelihood; means of subsistence流通物res in commercium; a thing in commerce 限制流通物limited merchantable thing禁止流通物res extra commercium; a thing out of commerce资产asset固定资产fixed asset流动资产current asset; floating asset动产movables; chattel不动产immovable; real estate特定物res certae; a certain thing种类物genus; indefinite thing可分物res divisibiles; divisible things不可分物res indivisibiles; indivisible things主物res capitalis; a principal thing从物res accessoria; an accessory thing原物original thing孳息fruits天然孳息natural fruits法定孳息legal fruits无主物bona vacatia; vacant goods; ownerless goods遗失物lost property漂流物drifting object埋藏物fortuna; hidden property 货币currency证券securities债券bond物权分类classification of right in rem/real right 自物权jus in re propria; right of full ownership 所有权dominium; ownership; title所有权凭证document of title; title of ownership 占有权dominium utile; equitable ownership使用权right of use; right to use of收益权right to earnings; right to yields处分权right of disposing; jus dispodendi善意占有possession in good faith恶意占有malicious possession按份共有several possession共同共有joint possession他物权jus in re aliena用益物权real right for usufruct使用权right to use; right of use土地使用权right to the use of land林权forest ownership采矿权mining ownership经营权managerial authority; power of management承包经营权right to contracted management相邻权neighboring right; relatedright地上权superficies永佃权jus emphyteuticum; right to landed estate granted in perpetuity through a contract 地役权servitude; easement人役权servitus personarum; personal servitude 担保物权real right for security物的担保security for thing物的瑕疵担保warranty against defect of a thing 抵押权hypotheca; hypothecation; right to mortgage抵押权的设定creation of right to mortgage抵押人mortgagor抵押权人mortgagee抵押标的物collateral; estate under mortgage抵押权的效力deffect of right to mortgage抵押权的次序sequence of right to mortgage抵押权的抛弃abandonment of right to mortgage抵押权的让与alienation of right to mortgage。
法律英语实用单词讲解.
法律英语实用单词讲解accord释义：accord和解或和解协议，指指债务人和一个债权人达成的、以偿还部分债务免除全部债务责任的协议。
如reach an accord达成和解协议，accord and satisfaction和解与清偿等。
acquire释义：acquire指对公司的购买，收购，我们通常所说的M&A，即是acquire的名词acquisition和merger 的缩写。
如The foreign investor has acquired more than 10 PRC domestic enterprises engaging in related industries within a year. 外国投资者一年内并购中国境内关联行业的企业超过10个。
act释义：act作为，与不作为forbear相对应。
如：Notwithstanding anything contained in this Act, the Minister may, on the recommendation of the Commission, direct the Commission to act or forbear fromaction释义：诉讼，相当于suit或lawsuit，如initiate an action提起诉讼，win an action在诉讼中获胜，defend oneself in an action在诉讼中为自己辩护等。
adopt释义：adopt的最常见含义是采用，通过，如adopt a law通过一项法律，adopt a proposal采纳一个建议等，这种用法在法律英语中也较为常见。
另外，adopt在法律英语中可能会用到一个含义是收养，如adopt an orphan according to law根据法律规定收养孤儿。
admission释义：采纳，采信（证据），如The defendant challenged the admission of the evidence by the court on the ground that the evidence was irrelevant.被告以证据没有相关性为由反对法院对其予以采信。
常用法律英语词汇注解
常用法律英语词汇注解Undue influence不正当的施压是一个阻止或防碍个人作出独立思考而作出决定的行为，最常见用于夫妇关系上，妻子因受到丈夫的不正当施压而向银行大量借贷最后无法偿还。
Unsecured没有担保在破产管理上，债权人可以分为有担保与没有担保的债权人，有担保的明显是有对象给债权人作抵押的，例如楼宇按揭便归于这类。
而没有担保便是其它的债项，例如信用咭欠债等，在任何情况下，有担保债项一定比没有担保债项有保障。
Vacant possession交吉的地产在楼宇买卖交易中，除非连租约出售的物业，否则合约内必订明物业必须交吉予买方，如果到交易日期，发觉楼宇仍有人居住，卖方便因没有交吉地产而作毁约论。
Verdict裁决指法官就案件所作出的最后决定。
若果有陪审团的话，裁决将会由陪审团作出。
Vicarious liability因他的作为的责任若雇员在为雇主工作时所犯下的法律责任，其雇主亦需要为这事件负责，例如雇员受雇于车房工作，他需要将车泊好，但不幸地雇员将车撞毁，雇主亦要负上责任。
Void法律在无效例如双方签订合约买卖一件货物，但其实根本上就未会有这件货件存在，那么这合约便可称为一无效合约。
Voir dire独立聆讯主要用于刑事案件人，聆讯被告人向执法人员所作的口供是否可信，并出于自愿的。
Voluntary disposition无偿处理财产在破产案件中，若债务人发现破产人在破产前蓄意将财产无偿转让予他人，来逃避破产责任，债务人可以要求将已转让财产与其它破产财物一并处理。
Ward of court受法庭保护若法庭发觉未成年人或因其身体的缺陷而需要法庭保护，法庭会颁令照顾这些人或会安排社会福利处或其它监护人代为照顾。
Warranty保证在合约的条款中，很多时会有一保证条款，由卖方向买方提供货物质素的保证。
但亦有很多情况下，卖方亦清楚列明不会为卖出的货物提供任何情度上的保证，所以在签定合约时，这些条款一定要仔细查阅。
常用法律英语词汇注解
专心翻译 做到极致常用法律英语词汇注解Pardon赦免 指犯人透过赦免而被撤销判罪或判刑，而当犯人被赦免后，他不可以再次因同一案件再被定罪。
Partial intestacy 部份无遗嘱继承 指死者在遗嘱内，并未完全包括死者所有的遗产。
例如死者在遗嘱内只提及物业、现金(包括银行存款)的处理，实质死者还有股票及其它珠宝手饰并未在遗嘱提及，因此，这些未提及的遗产便需要根据无遗嘱继承法处理。
Personal service 专人送达 由送达人员亲身将法庭或律师楼文件交到收文件人手上。
在某些情况下，法庭或法例上可能会要求特别的送达方式，专人送达是其中一种，另外可能是用挂号邮件方式或由登广告的方法。
Personam对人 与rem 对物相对。
是拉丁语，指对人或与人有关的。
Petition请求 在法律上，一个Petition 可以是离婚的请求，亦可以是破产的请求，是以一个请求状的形式带出的。
Physical possession实体占有 Physical possession 有别于其它的possession ，因为若对象是在一个人的实体占有，即表示那人手上真正占有该对象。
不过，实体占有并不等于对象的拥有权。
例如买家向卖家订货，卖家已将对象特别与其它货物分割开，而买家已将所有金额支付，那么卖家虽然仍实体占有该对象，但他并非对象的拥有者。
Plaintiff原告 通常在诉讼过程中，向被告人发出告票的一方为原告，原告可以是个人或是法团，亦可以是政府。
Possessory title土地占有权 这个土地占有权，并没有任何契据所支持，主要因为占用人已将物业占有了一段长时间，而并没有人提出反对的话，占有人便可因此而将土地注册，成为土地的注册拥有人。
专心翻译 做到极致Power of Attorney委托书 以契约形成，将个人的某些权力，委派于他人身上。
最常见的是用于物业管理上，例如业主已移民外国，业主在港的物业，他委派一个可信的人替他管理，亦可以透过委托书要求受委托人替他将物业出租或出售。
法学考研必备——法律英语单词汇总
法学考研必备——法律英语单词汇总1. Abandon [ə'bændən]：放弃2. Abduction [æb'dʌkʃən]：绑架3. Accessory [ək'sesəri]：从犯4. Acquittal [ə'kwitl]：无罪判决5. Adjudication [ə,dʒudi'keiʃən]：裁决6. Affidavit [æfə'deivət]：宣誓书7. Agency ['eidʒənsi]：代理关系8. Appeal [ə'pi:l]：上诉9. Arbitration [ˌɑ:bɪ'treɪʃn]：仲裁10. Arrest [ə'rest]：逮捕11. Arson ['ɑ:sən]：纵火罪12. Assault [ə'sɔ:lt]：袭击13. Bankruptcy ['bæŋkrʌptsi]：破产14. Bona fide [ˌbəʊnə'faɪdi]：真实的15. Bribe [braib]：贿赂16. Capital punishment ['kæpətl 'pʌniʃmənt]：死刑17. Case [keis]：案件18. Civil law ['sɪvəl lɔ]：民法19. Claim [kleim]：要求20. Class action [klæs 'ækʃən]：集体诉讼23. Confidential ['kɔnfɪ'denʃl]：机密的24. Consent [kən'sent]：同意25. Consideration [kənˌsɪdə'reɪʃən]：对价26. Constitution [ˌkɔnstɪ'tʊʃən]：宪法27. Contract ['kɔntrækt]：合同28. Contrary ['kɔntrəri]：相反的29. Conviction [kən'vikʃən]：定罪30. Corroborating [kə'rɔbəreitiŋ]：证实的31. Court ['kɔ:rt]：法院32. Crime [kraim]：犯罪33. Criminal ['krɪmɪnəl]：犯罪的34. Damages ['dæmidʒiz]：损害赔偿35. Defendant [di'fendənt]：被告36. Defense [di'fens]：辩护37. Deposition [,depə'ziʃən]：证词38. Detention [dɪ'tenʃən]：拘留39. Disbarment [dɪs'bɑ:rmənt]：取消律师资格40. Discrimination [dɪɪskrɪmə'neɪʃən]：歧视41. Docket ['dɑkɪt]：案卷42. Due process [dju: 'prəʊses]：正当程序43. Eminent domain ['emɪnənt də'mein]：征用44. Enforce [ɪn'fɔ:s]：强制执行45. Evidence ['evɪdəns]：证据46. Extradition [ˌekstrə'dɪʃən]：引渡47. Felony ['feləni]：重罪48. Forfeit ['fɔ:fit]：没收49. Fraud [frɔ:d]：欺诈50. Guilty ['ɡɪlti]：有罪的51. Habeas corpus ['heibiəs 'kɔ:pəs]：人身保护令52. Hearing ['hɪərɪŋ]：听证会53. Immunity [ɪ'mju:nəti]：豁免权54. Indemnify [ɪn'dɛmnəˌfaɪ]：赔偿55. Indictment [ɪn'daɪtmənt]：起诉56. Injunction [ɪn'dʒʌŋkʃən]：禁令57. Judgment ['dʒʌdʒmənt]：判决58. Jurisdiction [,dʒurɪs'dɪkʃən]：管辖权59. Jus primae noctis [dʒʌs praimiː 'nɒktis]：初夜权60. Jury ['dʒʊəri]：陪审团61. Justice ['dʒʌstɪs]：公正62. Law ['lɔ:]：法律63. Lien ['li:ən]：留置权64. Litigation [ˌlɪtɪ'ɡeɪʃən]：诉讼65. Malfeasance [mæl'fi:zns]：渎职66. Manslaughter ['mænˌslɔ:tər]：过失杀人67. Negligence ['neɡlɪdʒəns]：过失68. Oath [əʊθ]：誓言69. Objection [əb'dʒekʃən]：异议70. Offender [ə'fendər]：犯罪者71. Ordinance ['ɔ:rdinəns]：法规72. Parole [pə'roʊl]：假释73. Pardon ['pɑrdn]：赦免74. Perjury ['pɜrdʒəri]：伪证罪75. Petit jury [ˈpɛti dʒʊəri]：陪审团76. Plaintiff ['pleɪntɪf]：原告77. Plea [pli:]：答辩78. Precedent ['prisɪdənt]：先例79. Preliminary [priː'limɪneri]：初步的80. Probate ['probeit]：遗嘱认证81. Pro bono ['proʊˈboʊnoʊ]：免费的82. Prosecutor ['prɑsɪˌkjuːtər]：检察官83. Racketeering [ˌrækɪ'tiəriŋ]：敲诈勒索84. Rape [reɪp]：强奸85. Rebuttal [ri'bʌtl]：反驳86. Reasonable ['riznəbl]：合理的87. Rebuttable [rɪ'bʌtəbəl]：可辩驳的88. Sentence ['sen(t)əns]：判决89. Smuggling ['smʌɡlɪŋ]：走私90. Statute ['stæčut]：法令91. Subpoena [sə'pinə]：传票92. Summons ['sʌmənz]：传票93. Testimony ['testə'məʊnɪ]：证词94. Tort [tɔːrt]：侵权行为95. Trial ['traɪəl]：审判96. Trustee [ˌtrʌ'sti:]：受托人97. Unconstitutional [ˌʌnkɒnstɪ'tjuʃənl]：违宪的98. Verdict ['vɜrdɪkt]：裁定99. Victim ['vɪktɪm]：受害者。
(完整版)法律专业英语词汇
完整版)法律专业英语词汇Part 1: 刑法词汇1.罪犯（criminal）：犯罪行为的实施者。
2.杀人（murder）：故意造成他人死亡的行为。
3.盗窃（theft）：非法占有他人财产的行为。
4.强奸（rape）：非法性侵他人的行为。
5.纵火（arson）：故意放火的行为。
6.敲诈（___）：以暴力或威胁手段获取财产的行为。
7.走私（smuggling）：非法将商品或物品携带入境或出境。
8.贩毒（drug trafficking）：非法交易毒品或在毒品交易中参与。
9.偷税漏税（___）：通过欺诈手段逃避缴纳税款。
10.洗钱（money laundering）：将非法获取的资金合法化。
Part 2: 民事法词汇1.合同（contract）：双方达成的书面或口头协议，产生法律效力。
2.索赔（claim）：要求对方支付损失或赔偿的权利。
3.诉讼（n）：通过法律程序解决争端。
4.侵权（infringement）：侵犯他人权益或利益的行为。
5.损害赔偿（n）：对因他人行为受到损害的一方支付的补偿款项。
6.法定继承人（legal heir）：根据法律规定，有权继承遗产的人。
7.执行（enforcement）：将法律判决或裁决强制执行的行为。
8.违约（breach of contract）：不履行或违反合同中规定的义务。
9.诉讼费用（n costs）：诉讼过程中产生的费用，如律师费、鉴定费等。
10.司法鉴定（judicial appraisal）：法院指定的专门机构对相关事实或证据进行鉴定。
Part 3: 行政法词汇1.行政机关（administrative organ）：政府管理机关，行使行政权力。
2.行政处罚（administrative penalty）：行政机关根据法律或法规对违法行为采取的处罚措施。
3.行政许可（administrative license）：行政机关根据法律或法规对特定行为发出的批准文件。
考研英语词汇 法律篇
考研英语词汇法律篇1.Tribunal n. 法官席, 审判员席, (特等)法庭. 裁决，公断the tribunal of public opinion.舆论的公断Military tribunal 军事法庭The Hague tribunal 海牙国际法庭2.Court n. 法院,立法机关、议会。
庭院球场, 奉承, 求爱, 殷勤vt.向...献殷勤, 追求, 设法获得(他人的支持等), 博得(喝彩), 招致(失败、危险等)a civil court 民事法庭a criminal court 刑事法庭juvenile court 少年法庭supreme court 最高法院kangaroo court 袋鼠法庭（非法或不按法律程序的法庭）3.suspect 嫌疑犯4．Plead vi.辩护, 恳求vt.为...辩护, 借口, 托称plead for more time.恳求更多的时间plead against a bill.反驳议案Your youth and simplicity plead for you in this instance.在这种情况下你的年轻和单纯成为有力的辩护plead guilty.承认罪行5.client 顾客，委托人6.case 案例，诉讼7.charge 控诉8.civilian lawyer 民事律师9.prosecute vt.实行, 从事, 告发, 起诉vi.告发, 起诉, 作检察官prosecute an inquiry [investigation]进行调查prosecute a search for...坚持查找...prosecute sb. for a crime指控[检举]某人犯罪prosecute a trade从事贸易He was prosecuted for murder.他被指控犯有谋杀罪。
(他因谋杀罪而被起诉。
)10.prosecutor 检举人 respondent被告 accused被告11.serve out 服刑 serve out in Australia12.custody n.监督，监视，看守，拘留His car was held in the custody of the police.他的汽车被警察扣压。
常用法律英语词汇注解（i）_法律英语词汇
♦implied term 默示条款合约中并没有明文订立的条款，但因为事实的需要，法例的规定或者有关行业的惯例，在合约中加诸的条款。
例如在雇佣合约中，虽然没有订明雇员必须尽忠职守，勤力工作，但其实这些条件，经已默示在合约当中，被视为有效的条款。
♦infringement 侵犯权利一般指侵犯了他人的民事权利，多用于知识产权的侵占行为。
例：using a registered trade mark without its owner’s permission is a serious infringement of the owner’s proprietary right. 盗用他人注册商标是一项严重的侵犯权利行为。
♦injunction 禁制令禁制令是法庭颁下禁止某项行为或不行为，受禁人必须遵从命令的指示，例如不可以接近某人等，或者清除所有非法僭建物等，不理会禁制令等于是藐视法庭，可以被判罚款甚至监禁。
♦instrument 文书，文件处理法律事务及作为证据的文件，例如股份转让时用的转让文书(instrument of transfer)。
♦inter alia 其它以外在法律文件书信中，经常会出现这个拉丁词，意思是在“当中列出这一项”，即是尚有其它事项。
interim order 暂时命令指在诉讼过程中暂时性的命令，例如在离婚呈请中法庭所颁下的暂时性赡养费令(interim maintenance order)，在案件审理后，法庭再判定永久性命令，以取代该暂时性命令。
interlocutory 中途的指令法庭在诉讼过程中发出的指令，例如指定双方在14天内交换文件清单，或者批准其中一方申请延期将文件送交法庭存盘等。
intestacy 无遗嘱逝世后没有留下遗嘱，死者的遗产便须要按照<<无遗嘱者遗产条例>>分配，但在进行遗产分配之前，在该条例中指明合资格的人，应先向高等法院的遗产承办处申请成为死者的遗产承办人(administrator)，然后负责分配死者的遗产。
法律专业类的英语名词解释
法律专业类的英语名词解释在法律领域，英语是一种广泛使用的工具语言。
掌握法律专业类英语名词的准确理解是法律从业人员的基本要求之一。
本文将从不同领域、不同层次的法律专业类英语名词入手，进行解释和探讨。
一、法律制度与法律体系1.1 Common Law（普通法）Common Law是指源于英国法律制度，以司法判例为基础的法律体系。
它与Civil Law（大陆法）不同，后者以法典为主要依据。
在Common Law国家，法官的判决对下级法院具有约束力，逐渐形成了法律的先例。
1.2 Statutory Law（法定法）Statutory Law是指由立法机关制定并正式发布的法律，通常被称为法令或法规。
这些法律通常由国家或地方政府的立法机关颁布，以规范社会行为。
1.3 Constitution（宪法）Constitution指的是一个国家的最高法律文件，规定了国家的基本组织结构、国家机构的职权范围，以及公民的基本权利和义务。
宪法具有最高的法律效力，其他法律都必须符合宪法的规定。
二、民事法律名词解释2.1 Contract（合同）Contract是指两个或多个当事人之间达成的、具有法律效力的协议。
合同约定了各方的权利和义务，规范了他们之间的关系。
合同可以是口头的，也可以是书面的。
2.2 Tort（侵权）Tort指的是对他人身体、财产或名誉等法益造成损害的行为。
侵权行为可以是故意的或过失的，当受害人因侵权行为遭受损失时，可以向法院提起诉讼，要求赔偿损失。
2.3 Injunction（禁令）Injunction指的是法院颁布的一项命令，要求被告采取或停止采取某些行动。
禁令可以是暂时的或永久的，用于阻止违法行为或保护当事人的权益。
三、刑事法律名词解释3.1 Felony（重罪）Felony指的是严重的犯罪行为，如谋杀、强奸、抢劫等。
重罪通常被判处较长的刑期，甚至可能面临死刑。
3.2 Misdemeanor（轻罪）Misdemeanor是指相对较轻的犯罪行为，如盗窃、醉酒驾驶等。
常见法律英语词汇注解
常见法律英语词汇注解1、A mensa et thoro——法定分居A mensa et thoro is a Latin term meaning "from table and bed" which became used in English as "from bed and board."A kind of divorce which does not dissolve the marriage bond, but merely authorizes a separate life of the husband and wife. Neither spouse has the right to remarry where there is a divorce a mensa et thoro; only parties who have been awarded a divorce a vinculo matrimonii, the more common type of divorce, can do so.【注】即一种不解散婚姻关系的离婚。
处于此种状态的配偶均不得再婚。
2、A vinculo matrimonii——解除婚姻、离婚literally "from the bond of marriage." Such a divorce generally enables the parties to marry again.【注】意为“解除婚姻关系”。
3、Ab initio——自始无效[Latin, From the beginning; from the first act; from the inception.]。
An agreement is said to be “void ab initio（自始无效）”if it has at no time had any legal validity. The illegality of the conduct or the revelation of the real facts makes the entire situation illegal ab initio (from the beginning), not just from the time the wrongful behavior occurs.【注】形容事件由开始时的状态，例如合约从开始便已经无效，称为“The contract was void ab initio”。
常用法律英语词汇注解
常用法律英语词汇注解随着全球化的深入，法律行业的国际化已成为趋势。
在全球化法律的环境下，法律英语已经成为全球律师和法律爱好者必不可少的知识，掌握常用的法律英语词汇及其意义对于法律职业人士来说尤为重要。
在本文中，我们将为大家解释一些常用的法律英语词汇，并提供简单的定义和案例。
1. 责任 (Liability)定义责任是指义务的存在，可以是道德上的，也可以是法律上的。
在法律上，责任通常被定义为遵守法律的义务，包括合法的行为和避免伤害他人。
实例如果一家公司的产品导致了消费者的伤害，该公司可能会被要求承担产品责任，支付医疗和其他赔偿费用。
2. 滥用权利 (Abuse of rights)定义滥用权利指行使自己的权利，超出了合理和公正的限度，对他人造成了伤害。
这种行为可能导致对行使权利的限制，甚至由此产生的一些不良后果可能需要进一步的法律制裁。
实例如果一个房主滥用其权利而非法驱逐房客，这可能对房客造成财务和/或情感上的伤害，并可以起诉房主为滥用权利。
3. 委托 (Agency)定义委托是指一方（委托人）授权另一方（代理人）以其名义进行特定的行动。
在法律上，代理人可能需要遵守特定的规定和限制，代理人的行为也可能对委托人产生法律后果。
实例如果公司雇用代理人与客户进行谈判，则该代理人行为的结果有可能与委托人公司的正当利益相关，因此代理人必须遵守公司的特定指令，而公司也必须对代理人进行监督以确保其品行。
4. 法律诉讼 (Litigation)定义法律诉讼是指通过法律程序解决争议，包括案件的提交、证据收集和在法庭上辩论。
在许多情况下，斗争可能会以妥协或调解方式解决，但有时候法律诉讼是必要的。
实例如果一家公司之间存在合同纠纷，当双方无法通过协商解决时，一家或双方可能会选择提起诉讼，由法院进行仲裁。
5. 损害赔偿 (Damages)定义损害赔偿是指在财产、身体、名誉或其他途径等方面造成的损害后的赔偿。
在法律上，受损人可能会要求负责人为其造成的损失和不便赔偿。
法律翻译常用词汇注释大全
AAb initio从开始形容事件由开始时的状态，例如合约从开始便已经无效，称为“The contract was void ab initio”。
Accordaccord在普通英语中的含义是符合，一致，在法律英语中则表示和解或和解协议，指指债务人和一个债权人达成的、以偿还部分债务免除全部债务责任的协议。
如reach an accord达成和解协议，accord and satisfaction和解与清偿等。
Accused被告 Accused通常指刑事案件的被告，民事诉讼的被告称为Defendant；而申索案件中的被索偿的一方称为Respondent（答辩人）。
acquireacquire在普通英语中的含义是获得，获取，而且通常指通过后天的努力获得。
在法律英语中通常指对公司的购买，收购，我们通常所说的M&A，即是acquire的名词acquisition和merger的缩写。
如The foreign investor has acquired more than 10 PRC domestic enterprises engaging in related industries within a year. 外国投资者一年内并购中国境内关联行业的企业超过10个。
Acquittal罪名不成立刑事案件经审讯后，被告罪名不成立被释放，称为“The accused is acquitted”。
Acquittal是名词。
Actact在普通英语中的含义是行动，行为，在法律英语中通常理解为作为，与不作为forbear相对应。
如：Notwithstanding anything contained in this Act, theMinister may, on the recommendation of the Commission, direct the Commissionto act or forbear from。
常用法律术语注解
常用法律术语注解[ 2006-11-21 09:21 ]法律术语draft 法案,草案government bill 政府议案to pass a bill, to carry a bill 通过议案to enact a law, to promulgate a law 颁布法律ratification, confirmation 批准law enforcement 法律的实施to come into force 生效decree 法令clause 条款minutes 备忘录report 判例汇编codification 法律汇编legislation 立法legislator 立法者jurist 法学家jurisprudence 法学legality, lawfulness 法制,合法legal, lawful 合法的；依法的to contravene a law, to infringe a law, to break a law 违法outlaw 宣布…不合法to abolish 废止,取消（法律；制度等）cancellation, annulment, invalidation 废除(合同) annulment 判决无效immunity 豁免；豁免权attainder 被剥夺公民权及财产penal code 刑法典code of mercantile law 商法典civil rights 公民权利right of asylum 避难权human rights, rights of man 人权(customs) duties 关税estate duty 遗产税royalties 版税jury 陪审团plaintiff 原告defendant 被告plead guilty 承认有罪acquittal 被宣判无罪adjourn 休庭bail 保释custody 拘留nullity of marriage 判决婚姻无效verdict 裁决各种法律constitutional law 宪法canon law 教会法规common law 普通法criminal law 刑法administrative law 行政法civil law 民法commercial law, mercantile law 商法law of nations 万国公法,国际法international law 国际法natural law 自然法labor law 劳动法fiscal law 财政法civil procedure law 民事诉讼法criminal procedure law 刑事诉讼法military law 军法conscript law 兵役法copyright law 著作权法contract law 合同法marriage law 婚姻法。
常用法律词语--附英文解释
下面的常用法律英语词语（按照字母顺序）来自于纽约市民事法庭官网，对于法律英语学习者很有帮助，阅读其原本的英文解释可以帮助我们很好的理解其含义。
Aaction: a civil judicial proceeding whereby one party prosecutes another for a wrong done or for protection of a right or prevention of a wrong; requires service of process on adversary party or potentially adversary partyadjournment: a temporary postponement of the proceedings of a case until a specified future timeadjudicate: to hear or try and determine judiciallyadversary: an opponent. The defendant is the plaintiff's adversaryadult: a person over 18 years oldaffiant: one who swears to an affidavit; deponentaffidavit: a sworn or affirmed statement made in writing and signed; if sworn, it is notarized affirmed: upheld, agreed with (e.g.,The Appellate Court affirmed the judgment of the Civil Court) allegation: the assertion, declaration, or statement of a party to an action, made in a pleading, setting out what the party expects to proveallege: to assert a fact in a pleadingallocution: a formal address by a trial judge to the parties on the record to find out if they understand the terms of a stipulation of settlementamend: to changeanswer: a paper filed in court and sent to the plaintiff by the defendant, admitting or denying the statements in the plaintiff's complaint, and briefly stating why the plaintiff's claims are incorrect and why the defendant is not responsible for the plaintiff's injury or lossappeal: in an appeal, either plaintiff or defendant (or sometimes both) asks a higher reviewing court to consider a lower court judge's decision. One may only appeal a judge's ruling, not an arbitrator's ruling.appeal as of right: the ability to bring an appeal of an order or a judgment without seeking permission of the courtappear/ appearance: the participation in the proceedings by a party summoned in an action, either in person or through an attorneyappellant: the party who takes an appeal to a higher courtappellee: the party against whom an appeal is takenarbitration: a process in which an impartial attorney trained in arbitration or a retired judge decides a dispute instead of the court; if the parties consent to arbitration, the arbitrator's decision is final; otherwise, a dissatisfied party may request a trial before the court arbitrator: a disinterested person trained in arbitration who hears evidence concerning the dispute and makes an award based on the evidenceargument: a reason given in proof or rebuttalattachment: the taking of property into legal custody by an enforcement officerBbill of particulars: factual detail submitted by a claimant after a request by the adverse party which details, clarifies or explains further the charges and/or facts alleged in a pleadingbrief: a written or printed document prepared by the lawyers on each side of a dispute andsubmitted to the court in support of their arguments - a brief includes the points of law which the lawyer wished to establish, the arguments the lawyer uses, and the legal authorities on which the lawyer rests his/her conclusionsCcalendar: a schedule of matters to be heard in courtcalendar call: the calling of matters requiring parties, or their attorneys, to appear and be heard. There is usually one at the beginning of each court day. Other calendar calls take place throughout the day.caption: in a pleading, deposition or other paper connected with a case in court, it is the heading or introductory clause which shows the names of the parties, name of the court, number of the case on the docket or calendar, etc.cause of action: grounds on which a legal action may be brought (e.g., property damage, personal injury, goods sold and delivered, work labor and services)certified copy: a document which contains a seal that establishes the document as genuine, as a true copy, so that it may be used as evidence at a trial or a hearing. A document may be certified by an official record keeper, a clerk of the court, or any other authorized person, for example, an attorney.certified statement: a statement which has been sworn to before a Notary Public or Commissioner of Deeds as a true statementchange of venue: the removal of a suit begun in one county to another county for trial, though the term may also apply to the removal of a suit from one court to another court of the same countycharge to jury: an address delivered by the court to the jury at the close of the trial instructing the jury as to what principles of law they are to apply in reaching a decisionchattel: article of personal propertycivil contempt: a failure to comply with a court order. Civil contempt is committed when a person violates an order of the court which specifically requires that the person do or refrain from doing an act. Punishment for civil contempt may be a fine or imprisonment, and the goal of the punishment is to have the person comply with the original order of the court.Clerk’s Return On Appeal: a form filled out by the Civil Court Appeals Clerk certifying that the record on appeal is complete and ready to be transmitted to the Appellate Termcomplaint: a paper filed in court and delivered to the party(ies) being sued, stating the plaintiff's claims against the defendantcosts: the statutory sum awarded to the successful party when a judgment is entered (Section 1901 all Court Acts)counterclaim: a legal claim by the defendant against the plaintiffcourt record: a documentary account of what happened in the action or proceeding, which includes the court file, exhibits and transcriptscourt reporter: a person who transcribes by shorthand or stenographically takes down testimony during court proceedingsCPLR: the abbreviation for the Civil Practice Law and Rules, which is the New York state statute that sets forth the rules of civil procedure governing how a lawsuit is conducted in the courts of this statecross-appeal: an appeal by one who has received a notice of appeal from their opposing party crossclaim: claim litigated by co-defendants or co-plaintiffs against each other and not against a party on the opposite side of the litigationcross-examination: questioning by a party or his attorney of an adverse party or a witness called by an adverse partyDdecision: the determination reached by a court in any judicial proceeding, which is the basis of the judgmentdefault: a "default" occurs when a party fails to plead or otherwise defend within the time allowed, or fails to appear at a court appearancedefault judgment: a judgment against a defendant as a result of his/her failure to appear or submit papers at an appointed time during a legal proceedingdefendant: the one being sued. This party is called the "respondent" in a summary proceeding defenses, legal or equitable: a stated reason why the plaintiff has no valid case against the defendantdeliberation: the process by which a panel of jurors comes to a decision on a verdictde novo: from the beginning, a new trialdeposition: sworn testimony of a witness.direct examination: the first interrogation of a witness by the party on whose behalf the witness is calleddirected verdict: an instruction by the judge to the jury to return a specific verdict disbursements: out of pocket expenses awarded to the winner in a judgmentdiscovery: the efforts of a party to a lawsuit to get information about the other party's contentions before trial. The range of information which each party must exchange in discovery is broad, because all parties should go to trial with as much information and knowledge about the lawsuit as possible. During discovery a party may: (1) demand that the other party produce documents or other physical evidence, (2) request written interrogatories, which are questions and answers written under oath, and (3) take depositions, which involve an in-person session at which one party has the opportunity to ask oral questions of the other party or his or her witnesses.dismissal: termination of a proceeding for a procedurally prescribed reasondismissal with prejudice: action dismissed on the merits which prevents renewal of the same claim or cause of actiondismissal without prejudice: action dismissed, not on the merits, which may be re-instituted disposition: the result of a judicial proceeding by withdrawal, settlement, order, judgment or sentenceEentry of judgment: in order to start e nforcing a judgment, the judgment must be “entered.” Entry occurs after the clerk of the court signs and files the judgment.eviction proceeding: any proceeding which could result in the eviction of a respondent, such as a holdover or nonpayment proceedingevidence: a form of proof or probative matter legally presented at the trial of an issue by the actsof the parties and through witnesses, records, documents, concrete objects, etc., for the purpose of inducing belief in the minds of the court or the juryexamination before trial: a formal interrogation of parties and witnesses before trial execution: (1) the performance of all acts necessary to render a written instrument complete, such as signing, sealing, acknowledging, and delivering the instruments (2) supplementary proceedings to enforce a judgment, which, if monetary, involves a direction to the sheriff to take the necessary steps to collect the judgmentexhibit: a paper, document or other article produced and exhibited to a court during a trial or hearing and, on being accepted, is marked for identification or admitted in evidenceex parte: a proceeding, order, motion, application, request, submission etc., made by or granted for the benefit of one party only; done for, in behalf of, or on application of one party onlyFGgarnish/ garnishment: to attach (seize) a portion of the wages or other property of a debtor to repay the debt. The garnishing party notifies a third party, such as a bank or an employer, to retain something it has belonging to the defendant-debtor, to make disclosure to the court concerning it, and to dispose of it as the court shall direct.guardian ad litem: a person appointed by the court to represent a minor or an adult, not able to handle his or her own affairs, during a legal proceeding. The person appointed does not need to be a lawyer. The guardian ad litem is the guardian just for the purpose of the particular lawsuit. The person acting as the guardian ad litem has the responsibility to pursue the lawsuit and to account for any money recovery.HIincome execution: the legal process of enforcing a judgment. To enforce the judgment, the judgment creditor may seek an order from the court to have the appropriate authority seize property of the judgment debtor in order to satisfy the judgment. In the case of an income execution, or a "garnishment," the court might order a portion of the judgment debtor's wages or other property held in an amount to satisfy the judgment. This might be done over time in increments.index number: a number issued by the county clerk, which is used to identify a case - in civil court there is a charge of $45.00infant's compromise: a civil proceeding or motion for obtaining court approval of the settlement of an infant's claiminformation subpoena: a legal document that requires a person, a corporation, some other business, or the judgment debtor him or herself to answer certain questions about where the judgment debtor’s assets can be foundinquest: a non-jury trial for the purpose of determining the amount of damages due on a claim, if a party has not appeared or defended against the claim, and after the merits of the claim have been proveninterpreter: a person sworn at a judicial proceeding to translate oral or written language interrogatories: written questions propounded by one party and served on an adversary, who must provide written answers thereto under oathJjudgment: the final decision of the judge. It is a determination of the rights and obligations of the parties. In a given lawsuit, a judgment may direct a dismissal of the lawsuit, order payment of a money amount or a direct one or more of the parties to do an act.judicial hearing officer (JHO): a person who formerly served as a judge or justice of a court of record of the Unified Court Systemjurisdiction: the court's authority to hear and decide a case. It is based upon the geographical, subject matter and monetary limitations of a court. To hear and decide a case a court must have both "personal jurisdiction" and "subject matter" jurisdiction. Personal jurisdiction refers to the court's power over the parties involved in the lawsuit. Subject matter jurisdiction refers to the court's power over the type or category of the lawsuit.jury demand: a request for a trial by jury by either party. There are specific procedures for making a jury demand, which include filing a written demand with the clerk and paying a fee. The procedural rules place time restrictions on when a jury demand must be made.jury instructions: directions given by the judge to the juryKLlegal advice: involves applying or interpreting the law to your individual problems and recommending the best way for you to handle your case. Only an attorney, who is not a court employee, can provide legal advice. Court staff can’t offer legal advice to anyone. The court's role is to be neutral, without favor to any party. Court employees may only provide legal and procedural information. Legal and procedural information involves providing general information and does not include telling you how to best deal with your legal issues.lessee: a person who has signed a lease to rent real propertylevy: a seizure; the obtaining of money by legal process through seizure and sale of property liability:an obligation to do, to eventually do, or to refrain from doing something; money owed; or according to law one's responsibility for his/her conduct; or one's responsibility for causing an injurylien: a claim on specific property for payment of a debtlitigant: party to a legal actionMmarshal: an officer of the United States, whose duty it is to execute the process of the courts of the United States. His duties are very similar to those of a sheriff.marshal’s notice: a notice from a Marshal informing the recipient that they will be evicted after a certain time periodmediation: a free, voluntary and confidential service that helps people who have a dispute to reach their own settlement. Instead of asking a judge to make a decision in court, the people meet with a trained mediator who helps them make their own decision on how to settle the dispute. If a settlement is reached, it is then put in writing and signed. This written settlement then becomes a legal contract. If the people in the dispute are not able to reach an agreementthat is acceptable to everyone involved, they are then free to ask a judge to hear there case and make a decision in court.minor: a child under 18 years oldminutes: notes of what happened in the courtroommistrial: a trial which has been terminated and declared void prior to the reaching of verdict due to extraordinary circumstance, serious prejudicial misconduct or hung jury - it does not result in a judgment for any party but merely indicates a failure of trialmitigation: to make less severemotion: a request to the court, usually in writing, for relief before the trial on the parties' claims, or for different or additional relief after the trial decisionmotion to reargue or renew: an application which seeks to persuade a judge that the decision/order rendered is incorrect, because the judge has misapprehended the facts or the applicable law, or because new evidence has become available which would change the prior decision and there is a good reason why the evidence was not presented earliermoving party: the party who is making an application to the court for reliefNnonpayment proceeding: a court case started by the landlord to collect unpaid rent and to evict the tenant if the tenant cannot pay the rent that is owednotarize: to have a notary public attest to the authenticity of a signature on a document by signing the document and affixing his/her own stampnotary public: a person authorized by the State of New York to administer oaths, certify documents and attest to the authenticity of signaturesnotice of appeal: a notice to the opposing party that an appeal of the court proceedings will be taken. The notice must be served and filed within 30 days of service of the order or judgment appealed from with written notice of entry.notice of claim: a paper required to be sent to the city or a public authority when a person claims a city agency, official, or employee of a public authority caused the person damage. The notice of claim informs the city or public authority of the nature of the claim within a short time after it occurs. A notice of claim must be timely sent to the city or public authority prior to filing a lawsuit.notice of entry: a notice with an affidavit of service stating that the attached copy of an entered order or judgment has been served by a party on another partynotice of motion: a notice informing the court and your opposition when and where your motion will be heard, which lists the relief requested, the grounds for that relief, and provides a list of the supporting papers upon which the motion is basednotice of petition: a petitioner's written notice delivered to the respondents of when the court will hear the attached petitionnunc pro tunc: (now for then) presently considered as if occurring at an earlier date; effective retroactivelyOobjection: a formal protest made by a party over testimony or evidence that the other side tries to introduceorder: an oral or written command or a direction from a judgeorder to show cause: a written direction by the court, usually prepared and presented to the court by a party, that the court is shortening the required advance notice of a motion to the other parties. Sometimes the order to show cause contains a direction to the parties that they stop some specific activity until the court hears the motion.Pparty: person having a direct interest in a legal matter, transaction or proceedingperemptory challenge: the challenge which may be used to reject a certain number of prospective jurors without assigning any reasonperfect appeal: to take all legal steps necessary to complete the process of appealing an order or judgment. These steps may include ordering and securing a transcript, drawing up a record, writing, serving, and filing a brief, getting the case onto the appellate court’s calendar for argument, and finally, arguing and submitting the case.Personal Appearance Part: a Part in the Civil Court where cases are heard if one or both sides are self-represented litigants. The Judges presiding in this Part oversee all conferences, discovery and in some boroughs all motion practice and even the trial.petition: in special or summary proceedings, a paper like a complaint filed in court and delivered to the respondents, stating what the petitioner requests from the court and the respondents petitioner: in a special or summary proceeding, one who commences a formal written application, requesting some action or relief, addressed to a court for determination. Also known as a plaintiff in a civil action.plaintiff: the one suing. This party is called the "petitioner" in a summary proceeding pleadings: complaint or petition, answer, and replypoor person's relief: when a party to a lawsuit cannot afford the costs of a lawsuit, the Court may permit that party to proceed without being required to pay for court costspossession: the right to occupy a premisesproceeding: a type of lawsuit. In Housing Court a nonpayment proceeding seeks past-due rent; a holdover proceeding seeks possession of the premises.pro se: a party who does not retain a lawyer and appears for him/herself in courtproof of service: an affidavit filled out by the person who served legal papers on behalf of a party, or by a party if so permitted by the CourtQRrecord: a permanent written account of some act, court proceeding or transaction that is drawn up by a proper officer and designated to remain as permanent evidence of what has been done in a lawsuitreferee: a person to whom the court refers a pending case to take testimony, hear the parties, and report back to the court. A referee is an officer with judicial powers who serves as an arm of the court.relevant: logically connected and tending to prove or disprove a matter at issuereplevin: an action brought for the owner of items to recover possession of those items when those items were wrongfully taken or are being wrongfully keptreply: a plaintiff's response to a defendant's answer when the answer contains a counterclaim requisition: a request to obtain something, such as court records, subpoenaed documents or copies of trial tapesrespondent: one who formally answers the allegations stated in a petition which has been filed with the court. Also known as a defendant in a civil action.restore/ reinstate to calendar: to reinstate the action to active inventorySseizure: the process by which a person authorized under the law to do so takes into custody the property, real property or personal property, of a person against whom a judgment has been issued or might be issued. The seized property may be held to guarantee a judgment or be sold to satisfy a judgment.self-represented litigant: a party who does not retain a lawyer and appears for him/herself in court. Also known as a Pro Se litigant.service of process: the delivery of copies of legal documents to the defendant or other person to whom the documents are directed. Legal documents which must be served include a summons, complaint, petition, order to show cause, subpoena, notice to quit the premises and certain other documents. The procedure for service of process is specifically set out in statutes.settle the minutes: the process by which the transcript of the proceeding is finalizedsheriff: the executive officer of local court in some areas. In other jurisdictions the sheriff is the chief law enforcement officer of a county.standing: the right to make a legal claim, or to seek judicial enforcement of a duty or a right statement in lieu of record on appeal: a statement prepared by parties to an appeal indicating the question for appellate review, and providing a limited record necessary only to decide the questionstay: the postponement or halting of a proceeding, action, or the enforcement of an order or judgmentstipulation of settlement: a formal agreement between litigants and/or their attorneys resolving their disputesubpoena: a court document used to compel a witness to testify at the hearing or to produce recordssum certain: liquidated damages pursuant to contract, promissory note, law, etc.summary judgment: a determination in an action on the grounds that there is no genuine issue of factsummons: a plaintiff's written notice, in a specific form, delivered to the parties being sued, that they must answer the plaintiff's attached complaint within a specific timeTtestimony: an oral declaration made by a witness or party under oathtranscript: the written, word-for-word record of all legal proceedings, including testimony at trial, hearings or depositions. A copy of the transcript may be ordered from the court reporter and a fee must be paid for the transcript.trial: the formal examination of a legal controversy in court so as to determine the issuetrial de novo: a new trial (see: 22NYCRR 28.12)turnover proceeding: a hearing after a judgment has been issued, in which a creditor seeks to establish through evidence that the debtor (or a third party who is in possession of the debtor's property) is in possession of money or property that would satisfy, or partially satisfy, thejudgmentUunbundled legal services: a practice in which the lawyer and client agree that the lawyer will provide some, but not all, of the work involved in traditional full service representation. Simply put, the lawyers perform only the agreed upon tasks, rather than the whole “bundle,” and the clients perform the remaining tasks on their own.undertaking: deposit of a sum of money or filing of a bond in courtuse and occupancy: Payment by an occupant to the landlord for the right to use and occupy a premises. The occupant is not a tenant, or once may have been a tenant, but the landlord/tenant relationship has since been terminated.Vvacate: to cancel or invalidatevenue: the place within the court's jurisdiction where a lawsuit will be decided. For example, venue in a Civil Court action may be placed in Manhattan, Queens, Staten Island, Bronx or Brooklyn.verdict: the determination of a jury on the factsverification: confirmation of the correctness, truth or authenticity of pleading, account or other paper by an affidavit or oathvoir dire: a questioning of prospective jurors by the attorneys, and, on application of any party, by the judge, to see if any of them should be disqualified or removed by challenge or examinationWwaste: permanent harm to real propertywitness: one who testifies to what he/she has seen, heard, or otherwise observedX, Y, ZFrom：New York City Civil Court (纽约市民事法庭）。
法律翻译常用词汇注释大全
AAb initio从开始形容事件由开始时的状态，例如合约从开始便已经无效，称为“The contract was void ab initio”。
Accordaccord在普通英语中的含义是符合，一致，在法律英语中则表示和解或和解协议，指指债务人和一个债权人达成的、以偿还部分债务免除全部债务责任的协议。
如reach an accord达成和解协议，accord and satisfaction和解与清偿等。
Accused被告 Accused通常指刑事案件的被告，民事诉讼的被告称为Defendant；而申索案件中的被索偿的一方称为Respondent（答辩人）。
acquireacquire在普通英语中的含义是获得，获取，而且通常指通过后天的努力获得。
在法律英语中通常指对公司的购买，收购，我们通常所说的M&A，即是acquire的名词acquisition和merger的缩写。
如The foreign investor has acquired more than 10 PRC domestic enterprises engaging in related industries within a year. 外国投资者一年内并购中国境内关联行业的企业超过10个。
Acquittal罪名不成立刑事案件经审讯后，被告罪名不成立被释放，称为“The accused is acquitted”。
Acquittal是名词。
Actact在普通英语中的含义是行动，行为，在法律英语中通常理解为作为，与不作为forbear相对应。
如：Notwithstanding anything contained in this Act, theMinister may, on the recommendation of the Commission, direct the Commissionto act or forbear from。
常用法律英语词汇注解
常用法律英语词汇注解
1. Agreement：协议，合同，是指双方或者多方认可的一项书面契约，具有法律效力，通常涉及到经济、商务等领域。
2. Clause：条款，协议或者合同的构成部分，每个条款都有其独立
的约束力。
3. Covenant：盟约，契约，是指有权威参与者之间达成的关于遵守
该文件规定的书面契约。
4. Disclosure：披露，是指当事人告知关于双方权利义务的相关信息。
5. Indemnity：赔偿，该条款规定，当被起诉或者拒绝执行合同时，
一方担负赔偿的义务。
6. Liability：责任，是指其中一行为可能导致其中一实体承担法律
责任的原因。
7. Negotiations：谈判，协商，是指双方或者多方通过对话、讨论
与交涉，以达成一致意见与行动的过程。
8. Obligation：义务，是指一些行为是必须要执行的，一旦发生的
行为就会导致法律形式的义务。
9. Precedent：先例，指一类案件的案例判决，可以供未来例似案件
参考之用。
10. Warrant：授权，是指特定的一实体具有代表另一实体或者特定
事务的权利。
法学考研必备——法律英语单词汇总(附音标)
法律渊源source of law制定法statute判例法case law; precedent [pri'si:dənt]普通法common law特别法special law固有法native law; indigenous law [ɪnˈdɪdʒənəs]继受法adopted law实体法substantial law [səbˈstænʃəl]程序法procedural law [prəˈsi:dʒərəl]原则法fundamental law例外法exception law司法解释judicial interpretation[ˈɪntə:priˈteiʃən]习惯法customary law [ˈkʌstəməri]公序良俗public order and moral自然法natural law罗马法Roman Law [ˈrəʊmən]私法private law公法public law市民法jus civile万民法jus gentium[dʒʌsˈdʒentiəm]民法法系civil law system 英美法系system of Anglo-American law大陆法系civil law system 普通法common law大陆法continental law [ˈkɔntəˈnentl]罗马法系Roman law system衡平法equity; [ˈekwiti] law of equity日尔曼法Germantic law [dʒəˈmænɪk]教会法ecclesiastical law[ɪˈkli:zi:ˈæstɪkəl]寺院法canon law[ˈkænən]伊斯兰法Islamic law民法法律规范norm of civillaw授权规范authorizationnorm[ˈɔ:θərɪˈzeɪʃən]禁止规范forbidding norm义务性规范obligatorynorm ['ɔbliɡətəri]命令性规范commandingnorm[kəˈmændɪŋ]民法基本原则fundamentalprinciples of civil law平等原则principle ofequality[i:ˈkwɔliti]自愿原则principle of freewill公平原则principle ofjustice等价有偿原则principle ofequal [ˈi:kwəl] valueexchange诚实信用原则principle ofgood faith[feiθ]行为act作为act不作为omission[əʊˈmɪʃən]合法行为lawful act违法行为unlawful act民事权利能力civil right绝对权absolute right[ˈæbsəlju:t]相对权relative right[ˈrelətiv]优先权right of priority[praiˈɔriti]先买权preemption[pri:ˈempʃən]原权antecedent right[ˈæntɪˈsi:dnt]救济权right of relief[riˈli:f]支配权right of dominion[dəˈminjən]请求权right of claim物上请求权right of claimfor real thing形成权right of formation撤销权right of claimingcancellation[ˈkænsəˈleɪʃən]否认权right of claimingcancellation解除权right ofrenouncement：[ri'naunsmənt]代位权subrogated right[ˈsʌbrəˈɡeitid]选择权right of choice承认权right of admission终止权right of termination[ˈtɜ:məˈneɪʃən]抗辩权right of defense一时性抗辩权momentaryright of defense[ˈməʊmənˈteri:]永久性抗辩权permanentcounter-argument right[ˈpə:mənənt][ˈkauntə]不安抗辩权unstablecounter-argument right[ʌnˈsteɪbəl]同时履行抗辩权defenseright of simultaneousperformance[ˈsiməlˈteinjəs]既得权tested right期待权expectant right专属权exclusive right非专属权non-exclusiveright人身权利personal right人权human right人格权right of personality生命健康权right of life and health姓名权right of name名称权right of name肖像权right of portraiture [ˈpɔ:trɪˈtʃʊə]自由权right of freedom名誉权right reputation隐私权right of privacy [ˈpraivəsi]私生活秘密权right of privacy贞操权virginity right [vəˈdʒɪnɪti:]身份权right of status亲权parental power; [pəˈrentl] parental right亲属权right of relative [ˈrelətiv]探视权visitation right [ˈviziˈteiʃən]配偶权right of spouse[spauz]荣誉权right of honor权利的保护protection of right公力救济public protection 私力救济self-protection权利本位standard of right 社会本位standard of society无责任行为irresponsible right[ˈɪrɪˈspɔnsəbəl]正当防卫justifiable right; [ˈdʒʌstəˈfaɪəbəl] ligitimate defence防卫行为act of defence自为行为self-conducting act紧急避险act of rescue; necessity[niˈsesiti]自助行为act of self-help不可抗力force majeure [mæ'ʒə:]意外事件accident行为能力capacity for act[kəˈpæsiti]意思能力capacity of will民事行为civil act意思表示declaration ofintention[ˈdekləˈreiʃən]意思表示一致meeting ofminds; consensus[kənˈsensəs]完全行为能力perfectcapacity for act限制行为能力restrictivecapacity for act[rɪˈstrɪktɪv]准禁治产人quasi-interdicted person[ˈkwɑ:zi][ˈɪntəˈdɪkt]保佐protection自治产人minor who iscapable of administering hisown capacity[ˈkeipəbl]无行为能力incapacity foract禁治产人interdicted person自然人natural person公民citizen住所domicile[ˈdɔmisail]居所residence[ˈrezidəns]经常居住地frequentlydwelling place[ˈfri:kwəntlɪ][ˈdwelɪŋ]户籍census register[ˈsensəs][ˈredʒistə]监护guardianship[ˈɡɑ:djənʃip]个体工商户individualbusiness[ˈɪndiˈvidjuəl]农村承包经营户leaseholding rural household[ˈli:sˈhəʊld][ˈruərəl][ˈhaushəuld]合伙partnership合伙人partner合伙协议partnershipagreement合伙财产property ofpartnership合伙债务debt ofpartnership入伙join partnership退伙withdrawal frompartnership[wiðˈdrɔ:əl]合伙企业partnershipbusiness establishment个人合伙partnership法人合伙partnership oflegal person特别合伙specialpartnership普通合伙generalpartnership有限合伙limitedpartnership民事合伙civil partnership隐名合伙sleepingpartnership; dormantpartnership[ˈdɔ:mənt]私营企业private enterprise;proprietorship[prəˈpraɪətəˈʃɪp]法人legal person企业法人legal body ofenterprise[ˈbɔdi]企业集团group ofenterprise关联企业affiliate enterprise[əˈfilieit]个人独资企业individualbusiness establishment国有独资企业solelystate-owned enterprise[ˈsəʊli:]中外合资企业Sino-foreignjoint venture enterprise[ˈventʃə]中外合作企业Sino-foreigncontractual enterprise[kənˈtræktʃu:əl]社团法人legal body of mass organization财团法人legal body of financial group联营joint venture法人型联营association of legal persons合伙型联营coordinated management in partnership [kəuˈɔ:dineitid]协作型联营cooperation-type coordinated management[kəuˈɔpəˈreiʃən]合作社cooperative [kəuˈɔpərətiv]民事法律行为civil legal act单方民事法律行为unilateral civil legal act [ˈju:nəˈlætərəl]双方民事法律行为bilateral civil legal act[baiˈlætərəl]多方民事法律行为joint act civil legal act有偿民事法律行为civil legal act with consideration 无偿民事法律行为civil legal act without consideration; civil legal act without award实践性民事法律行为practical civil legal act诺成性民事法律行为consental civil legal act要式民事法律行为formal civil legal act不要式民事法律行为informal civil legal act要因民事法律行为causative civil legal act [ˈkɔ:zətiv]不要因民事法律行为noncausative civil legal act主民事法律行为principalcivil legal act从民事法律行为accessorycivil legal act[ækˈsesəri]附条件民事法律行为conditional civil legal act附期限民事法律行为civillegal act with term生前民事法律行为civillegal act before death死后民事法律行为civillegal act after death准民事法律行为quasi-civillegal act无效行为ineffective act[ˈɪnɪˈfektɪv]可撤销民事行为revocablecivil act[ˈrevəkəbəl]违法行为illegal act;unlawful act侵权行为tort欺诈fraud[frɔ:d]胁迫duress[djʊres]乘人之危taking advantageof others’precariousposition[priˈkɛəriəs]以合法形式掩盖非法目的legal form concealing illegalintention[kənˈsi:l]恶意串通maliciouscollaboration[məˈlɪʃəs][kəˈlæbəˈreiʃən]重大误解grossmisunderstanding显失公平obvious unjust[ˈɔbviəs]误传misrepresentation代理agency[ˈeidʒənsi]本人principal[ˈprinsəpəl]被代理人principal受托人trustee[trʌsˈti:]代理人agent[ˈeidʒənt]本代理人original agent法定代理人statutory agent;legal agent[ˈstætjutəri]委托代理人agent bymandate[ˈmænˈdeɪt]指定代理人designatedagent[ˈdeziɡneit]复代理人subagent再代理人subagent转代理人subagent代理权right of agency授权行为act ofauthorization[ˈɔ:θərɪˈzeɪʃən]授权委托书power ofattorney[əˈtə:ni]代理行为act of agency委托代理agency bymandate本代理original agency复代理subagency次代理subagency有权代理authorized agency[ˈɔ:θəraizd]表见代理agency byestoppel;[isˈtɔpəl]apparent agency[əˈpærənt]律师代理agency by lawyer普通代理general agency全权代理general agency全权代理委托书generalpower of attorney共同代理joint agency独家代理sole agency居间brokerage[ˈbrəʊkərɪdʒ]居间人broker[ˈbrəʊkə]行纪commission; brokerhouse[kəˈmiʃən]信托trust时效time limit; prescription;limitation[prisˈkripʃən]时效中止suspension ofprescription/limitation[səˈspenʃən]时效中断interruption of limitation/prescription[ˈɪntəˈrʌpʃən]时效延长extension of limitation[iksˈtenʃən]取得时效acquisitive prescription[əˈkwɪzɪtɪv] 时效终止lapse of time; [læps]termination of prescription期日date期间term涉外民事关系civil relations with foreign elements[ˈelimənt]冲突规范rule of conflict [ˈkɔnflikt]准据法applicable law; governing law [ˈæplikəbl]反致renvoi; [renˈvɔi] remission[rɪˈmɪʃən]转致transmission [trænzˈmiʃən]识别identification [aiˈdentifiˈkeiʃən]公共秩序保留reserve of public order[riˈzə:v]法律规避evasion of law [ɪˈveɪʒən]国籍nationality [ˈnæʃəˈnæliti]国有化nationalization [ˈnæʃnəlaiˈzeiʃən]法律责任legal liability民事责任civil liability/responsibility行政责任administrative liability/responsibility[ædˈmɪnɪˈstreɪtɪv]刑事责任criminal liability/responsibility违约责任liability of breach of contract; responsibility of default[diˈfɔ:lt]有限责任limited liability无限责任unlimited liability按份责任shared/severalliability连带责任joint and severalliability过失责任liability fornegligence;[ˈneɡlidʒəns]negligent liability[ˈneglɪdʒənt]过错责任fault liability;liability for fault单独过错sole fault[fɔ:lt]共同过错joint fault混合过错mixed fault被害人过错victim’s fault[ˈviktim]第三人过错third party’sfault推定过错presumptive fault[prɪˈzʌmptɪv]恶意bad faith; malice故意deliberate intention;intention; willfulness[di'libərət]过失negligence[ˈneɡlɪdʒəns]重大过失gross negligence疏忽大意的过失carelessand inadvertent negligence[,inəd'və:tənt]过于自信的过失negligencewith undue assumption损害事实facts of damage有形损失tangibledamage/loss ['tændʒəbl]无形损失intangibledamage/loss财产损失propertydamage/loss人身损失personaldamage/loss精神损失spiritualdamage/loss spiritual['spiritjuəl]民事责任承担方式methods of bearing civilliability停止侵害cease theinfringing act [si:s][ɪnˈfrɪndʒ]排除妨碍exclusion ofhindrance;[ˈhɪndrəns]removal of obstacle[riˈmu:vəl][ˈɔbstəkl]消除危险elimination ofdanger[ɪˈlɪmɪˈneɪʃən]返还财产restitution ofproperty[ˈrestɪˈtju ʃən]恢复原状restitution;restitution of original state赔偿损失compensate for aloss; [ˈkɔmpenseit]indemnify for a loss[ɪnˈdem nəˈfaɪ]支付违约金payment ofliquidated damage[ˈlɪkwɪˈdeɪt]消除影响eliminate illeffects恢复名誉rehabilitate one’sreputation[ˈri:həˈbiliteit]赔礼道歉extend a formalapology物权jus ad rem; right inrem; real right[dʒu:s][rem]物权制度real right system;right in rem system一物一权原则the principalof One thing, One Right物权法定主义principal oflegality of right in rem物权公示原则principal ofpublic summons of right inrem[ˈsʌmən]物权法jus rerem物property生产资料raw material for production[məˈtiəriəl]生活资料means of livelihood;[ˈlaɪvli:ˈhʊd] means of subsistence [səbˈsɪstəns]流通物res in commercium;a thing in commerce[ri:z]限制流通物limited merchantable thing [ˈmə:tʃətəb(ə)l]禁止流通物res extra commercium; a thing out of commerce资产asset[ˈæset]固定资产fixed asset流动资产current asset; floating asset[ˈkʌrənt] [ˈfləʊtɪŋ]动产movables; [ˈmu:vəblz]chattel[ˈtʃætl]不动产immovable; real estate[isˈteit]特定物res certae; a certain thing种类物genus;[ˈdʒi:nəs] indefinite thing[inˈdefinit]可分物res divisibiles; divisible things [dɪˈvɪzəbəl]不可分物res indivisibiles; indivisible things主物res capitalis; a principal thing从物res accessoria; an accessory thing[ækˈsesəri]原物original thing孳息fruits天然孳息natural fruits法定孳息legal fruits无主物bona vacatia; [ˈbəunə]vacant goods; [ˈveikənt] ownerless goods 遗失物lost property漂流物drifting object[ˈdriftiŋ]埋藏物fortuna; hiddenproperty货币currency[ˈkʌrənsi]证券securities[siˈkjuəriti]债券bond[bɔnd]物权分类classification ofright in rem/real right[ˈklæsifiˈkeiʃən]自物权jus in re propria;right of full ownership所有权dominium;ownership; title所有权凭证document oftitle; title of ownership占有权dominium utile;equitable ownership使用权right of use; right touse of收益权right to earnings;right to yields[ji:ld]处分权right of disposing;jus dispodendi善意占有possession ingood faith恶意占有maliciouspossession[məˈlɪʃəs]按份共有severalpossession共同共有joint possession他物权jus in re aliena用益物权real right forusufruct[ˈju:sju(:)frʌkt]使用权right to use; right ofuse土地使用权right to the useof land林权forest ownership[ˈfɔrist]采矿权mining ownership[ˈmaɪnɪŋ]经营权managerial authority;[ˈmænɪˈdʒɪəri:əl][ɔ:ˈθɔriti]power ofmanagement承包经营权right tocontracted management相邻权neighboring right;relatedright地上权superficies[su:pəˈfiʃii:z]永佃权jus emphyteuticum;right to landed estate grantedin perpetuity through acontract[ˈpɜ:pɪˈtju:ɪti:]地役权servitude;[ˈsɜ:vɪˈtju:d]easement[ˈi:zmənt]人役权servitus personarum;personal servitude担保物权real right forsecurity物的担保security for thing物的瑕疵担保warrantyagainst defect of a thing[ˈwɔrənti]抵押权hypotheca;hypothecation; right tomortgage[ˈmɔ:ɡidʒ]抵押权的设定creation ofright to mortgage抵押人mortgagor[ˈmɔ:ɡidʒə]抵押权人mortgagee[ˈmɔ:ɡəˈdʒi:]抵押标的物collateral;[kəˈlætərəl]estate undermortgage[isˈteit]抵押权的效力deffect ofright to mortgage抵押权的次序sequence ofright to mortgage[ˈsi:kwəns]抵押权的抛弃abandonment of right tomortgage抵押权的让与alienation of right to mortgage [ˈeɪljəˈneɪʃən]抵押权的实现materialization of right to mortgage[məˈtiəriəlaiˈzeiʃn]抵押权的消灭extinction of right to[ɪkˈstɪŋkʃən] mortgageregistration of estate under mortgage抵押物登记registration of estate under mortgage [ˈredʒɪˈstreɪʃən][isˈteit]抵押优先权priority of mortgage[praiˈɔriti]留置权lien[li:n]一般留置权general lien特别留置权special lien质权hypotheque; pledge; right of pledge[pledʒ]佃权tenant right[ˈtenənt]债权jus in personam; right to give or procure; prəʊˈkjʊə,prə-]claim; creditor’s right[ˈkredɪtə]债权人creditor债务人debtor[ˈdetə]相对人counterpart; offeree 给付give; pay [ˈkauntəpɑ:t]债务debt; liability; obligation债务的偿还payment of debt债务的偿清discharge of debt债务的担保guarantee of debt债务的合并consolidation of debt [kənˈsɔlɪˈdeɪʃən]债务的给付日期debtmaturity[məˈtjʊərɪti:]债务的免除exemption ofdebt[ɪgˈzempʃən]债的分类obligatio;obligation法定之债legal obligation任意之债voluntaryobligation简单之债simple obligation选择之债alternativeobligation主债prime/principalobligation[praim]从债accessory obligation[ækˈsesəri]单一之债single obligation按份之债several obligation连带之债joint obligation特定之债certain obligation种类之债indefiniteobligation[inˈdefinit]合同之债contractualobligation[kənˈtræktʃu:əl]侵权行为之债tortobligation损害赔偿之债obligation ofcompensation for injury;obligation of damages人身损害damage to person精神损害moral/mental/spiritualdamage[ˈspiritʃuəl]医药费hospital treatmentexpense医疗费medical charge抚恤金pension[ˈpenʃən]慰问金consolation money[ˈkɔnsəˈleɪʃən]产品瑕疵defect ofproduct[diˈfekt]不当得利unjust enrichment无因管理voluntary service[ˈsɜːvɪs]债的担保guarantee ofobligation财产担保propertyguarantee信用担保credit guarantee让与担保alienationguarantee[ˈeɪljəˈneɪʃən,ˈeɪli:ə-]保证guaranty明示保证express guaranty默示保证implied guaranty保证人guarantor保证合同contract ofguaranty/suretyship[ˈʃuərətiʃip]保证金guaranty bond;security deposit[diˈpɔzit]押金deposit; foregift[ˈfɔ:ɡift]预付款advanced payment[ədˈvɑ:nst]定金earnest money; deposit违约金liquidated damages[ˈlɪkwɪˈdeɪt]法定违约金liquidateddamages by law约定违约金liquidateddamages by agreement债的履行performance ofobligation实际履行原则doctrine ofspecific performance[ˈdɔktrin]情事变更原则doctrine ofchange of circumstances不当履行misfeasance[misˈfi:zəns]清偿discharge; satisfaction提存debtor’s submission ofthe subject matter ofobligation to competentauthority[səbˈmɪʃən]抵销setoff知识产权intellectual property[ˈɪntiˈlektjuəl]知识产权国际保护international protection of intellectual property国民待遇原则doctrine of national treatment优先权原则 a right of priority doctrine自动保护原则doctrine of automatic protection [ˈɔ:təˈmætik]特许权使用费royalties [ˈrɔiəlti]智力成果intellectual property著作权copyright版权copyright著作权人copyright owner 创作creation作品opus; product; work著作人格权right of personality of copyright发表权right of publication [ˈpʌbliˈkeiʃən]署名权right of authorship; [ˈɔ:θəʃip]right of paternity[pəˈtɜ:nɪti:]修改权right of modification; [ˈmɔdəfɪˈkeɪʃən]right of revision[riˈviʒən]完整性保持权right to maintain integrity [meinˈtein][inˈteɡriti]不可侵犯权inviolability [inˈvaiələˈbiləti]收回权right of recall; right of retrieval[rɪˈtri:vəl]自费出版publish a book at the author’s own expense著作财产权property right in work使用收益分享权right to share usufruct[ˈju:sju(:)frʌkt]利用权right to make use of获得报酬权right to getpayment重播权right ofrebroadcasting[ri:ˈbrɔ:dkɑ:st]录制权right of fixation机械复制权right ofmechanograph;[ˈmekənəɡrɑ:f]right ofmechanical reproduction[miˈkænikəl]著作邻接权neighboringright of copyright剽窃plagiary;[ˈple idʒjəri]plagiarism[ˈpleɪdʒəˈrɪzəm]盗版pirate[ˈpaiərit]盗版VCD pirated VCD伪造forge[fɔ:dʒ]工业产权industrialproperty[inˈdʌstriəl]专利权patent right[ˈpætnt]优先权日priority date[praiˈɔriti]申请在先原则priorapplication rule[ˈpraiə][ˈæpliˈkeiʃən]使用在先priority of use新颖性novelty[ˈnɔvəlti]创造性creativity[ˈkri:eɪˈtɪvətɪ]实用性practicability[ˈpræktikəˈbiliti]发明创造invention andcreation实用新型utility model[juˈtiliti]外观设计design; industrialdesign发明权right of invention发现权right of discovery[disˈkʌvəri]专利申请patent application专利异议objection to apatent专利公告patent gazette[ɡəˈzet]专利续展费renewal fee ofpatent[rɪˈnju:əl]专利许可协议patentlicensing agreement[ˈlaisəns]技术诀窍know-how专有技术know-how专利证书certificate ofpatent[səˈtifikeit]专利事务所patent office专利代理patent agency中华人民共和国专利局Patent Office of the People’sRepublic of China商标权trademark right商标国际注册internationalregistration of trademark[ˈredʒɪˈstreɪʃən]商品商标commoditytrademark[kəˈmɔditi]服务商标service trademark驰名商标reputed trademark[rɪˈpju:tɪd]广告商标advertisementtrademark[ədˈvə:tismənt]近似商标similar trademark商标评审委员会tradereview and appraisal board[əˈpreizəl][bɔ:d]商标审查trademarkexamination商标侵权trademarkinfringement[ɪnˈfrɪndʒmənt]商标注册registeredtrademark商标公告trademark gazette注册商标使用许可licensing of registered trademark[ˈredʒɪstəd]注册商标转让assignment of registered trademark商标使用许可协议trademark licensing agreement商标事务所trademark office商标代理trademark agency婚姻、家庭、继承、收养marriage, family, inheritance, adoption婚姻法marital law; marriage law包办婚姻arranged marriage 财产分割partition; [pɑ:ˈtiʃən] dismemberment of property 重婚bigamy[ˈbɪgəmi:]独生子女only child法律婚legal marriage非婚生子女illegitimate child[ˈɪlɪˈdʒɪtəmɪt]夫妻共同财产community property夫妻关系conjugal relationship[ˈkɔndʒəgəl]夫妻分居divorce a mensa et thoro; divorce from bed and board复婚resumption of marriage[rɪˈzʌmpʃən]感情破裂incompatibility [ˈinkəmˈpætəˈbiliti]婚后财产公证notarization of postnuptial properties [ˈnəutəraiˈzeiʃən][ˈpəustˈnʌpʃəl]婚姻登记marriage registration[ˈredʒɪˈstreɪʃən]婚生子女legitimate child [liˈdʒitimit]计划生育birth control结婚marry离婚divorce买卖婚姻mercenarymarriage[ˈmɜ:səˈneri:]拟制血亲blood relations infiction of law[blʌd]旁系血亲collateral relationblood relation[kəˈlætərəl]涉外婚姻marriage withforeign elements[ˈelimənt]配偶spouse[spauz]事实婚de facto marriage诉讼离婚divorce bylitigation[ˈlitiˈgeiʃən]探视权visitation right[ˈviziˈteiʃən]同居cohabitation[ˈkəʊhæbɪˈteɪʃən]晚婚late marriage无效婚姻void marriage协议离婚divorce byagreement一夫一妻制monogamy[məˈnɔgəmi:]早婚early marriage直系血亲lineal descent[ˈlɪni:əl][diˈsent]自然血亲natural bloodrelation收养法adoption law收养协议adoptionagreement收养人adoptive parent送养人person or institutionplacing out a child foradoption涉外收养adoption withforeign elements继承法inheritance law; lawof succession法定继承legal seccession遗嘱继承intestatesuccession[ɪnˈtesˈteɪt]遗赠继承succession bydevise自然继承natural succession代位继承representation;[ˈreprɪzenˈteɪʃən]succession by subrogation[ˈsʌbrəˈɡeiʃən]世袭继承hereditarysuccession[hiˈreditəri]间接继承indirectsuccession[ˈɪndiˈrekt]转继承subsuccession共同继承joint succession单独继承single succession继承人heir; [ɛə] successor第二顺序继承人successorsecond in order第一顺序继承人successorfirst in order继承参与人successionparticipant[pɑ:ˈtisipənt]遗产inheritance; heritage[ˈheritidʒ]遗产继承人heir to property;inheritor[inˈheritə]遗言last will and testament[ˈtestəmənt]遗书last words遗赠bequest;[bɪˈkwest]legacy; [ˈleɡəsi]devise[diˈvaiz]遗赠抚养协议legacy-support agreement会计法accounting law[əˈkaʊntɪŋ]税法tax law; taxation law[tækˈseɪʃən]反不正当竞争法anti-unfaircompetition law[ˈkɔmpiˈtiʃən]消费者权益保护法consumer’s interestprotection law[kənˈsju:mə]产品责任法production liability law消费者权益法consumer rights and interests law公司法company law; corporate law[ˈkɔ:pərit]公司company; corporation [ˈkɔ:pəˈreiʃən]有限责任公司limited liability company股份有限公司company limited by shares无限公司unlimited company股份两合公司joint stock limited liability partnership 两合公司joint liability company控股公司holding company 集团公司group company 合资公司joint venture company[ˈventʃə]联营公司associated company; [ə'səuʃi,eitid] affiliated company [əˈfilieitid]国营公司state-own company国有公司state-owned company民营公司civilian-run company[siˈviljən]本国公司national/domestic company[dəˈmestik]外国公司foreign company 上市公司listed company母公司parent company子公司subsidiary [səbˈsidiəri]皮包公司briefcase company; fundless company 募集设立incorporation by stock floatation [fləuˈteiʃən]发起人floater;[ˈfləutə]initiator[iˈniʃieitə]公司名称name of company公司住址domicile ofcompany出资contribution; capitalsubscription[səbˈskrɪpʃən]现金出资investment incash实物出资investment inkind工业产权出资investmentin industrial property right非专有技术出资investment in non-patenttechnology劳务出资investment inlabor高新技术成果出资investment in hi-techachievements注册资本registered capital[ˈre dʒɪstəd]实缴资本paid-in capital验资报告capitalverification report[ˈverəfɪˈkeɪʃən]会计师事务所certifiedpublic accountants注册会计师certified publicaccountant[ˈsə:tifaid]资本三原则three doctrineof capital资本确定原则doctrine ofcapital determination资本维持原则doctrine ofcapital maintenance[ˈmeintinəns]资本不变原则doctrine ofunchanging capital最低资本额制度minimumcapital system[ˈminiməm]公司章程articles ofassociation; articles ofincorporation;[ɪnˈkɔ:pəˈreɪʃən] bylaw公司登记incorporation;corporate registration公司存续existence ofcompany公司合并分立merger andsplit of company[ˈmɜ:dʒə][split]公司并购corporate mergerand acquisition[ˈækwiˈziʃən]公司管理corporategovernance; companymanagement公司法律顾问corporatecounsel[ˈkaunsəl]公司整顿companyrectification[ˈrektɪfɪˈkeɪʃən]公司歇业closure ofbusiness[ˈkləʊʒə]公司和解companycomposition[ˈkɔmpəˈziʃən]公司解散company dissolution[ˈdɪsəˈlu:ʃən]公司清算companyliquidation[ˈlɪkwɪˈdeɪʃɵn]公司清理companywinding-up竞业禁止non-commpete;competition prohibition[ˈprəʊəˈbɪʃən]招股章程prospectus[prəˈspektəs]股本stock capital股东shareholder股东大会shareholders’meeting股东大会决议resolution ofshareholders’meeting股东大会议事规则rule of procedure of shareholders’meeting表决权voting right; right to vote董事director董事长president/chairman of the board首席执行官chief executive officer(CEO)[iɡˈzekjutiv]首席运营官chief operation officer(COO)[ˈɔpəˈreiʃən]执行董事executive director 常务董事managing director 董事会board of directors董事会领导下的经理负责制responsibility system of the chief executive officer under the leadership of the board of directors经理独立负责制manager independent responsibility system监事supervisor [ˈsju:pəˈvaɪzə监事会board of supervisors 股share; stock普通股common stock特别股special stock资格股qualification stock 优先股preferred stock劣后股inferior stock [inˈfiəriə]表决权股stock with voting power溢价股premium stock [ˈpri:miəm]折价股converting stock国家股state-owned share集体股collective share法人股corporate share企业股enterprise share 个人股individual share股息dividend[ˈdividend]红股bonus stock; dividendstock[ˈbəunəs]法定公积金legalaccumulation fund[əˈkju:mjəˈleɪʃən]资本公积金capitalaccumulation fund盈余公积金surplusaccumulation fund[ˈsə:pləs]任意公积金optionalaccumulation fund公司犯罪corporate crime证券法securities law[siˈkjuəriti]证券发行issuance ofsecurities证券上市list securities;float an issue[fləut]证券交易所stock exchange证券商securities dealer[ˈdi:lə]证券公司securitiescompany证券承销商consortium ofunderwriters[kənˈsɔ:ti:əm,]证券承销合同underwritingcontract证券经纪人securitiesbroker披露制度disclosing system交割日closing date风险投资基金venturecapital fund上海证券交易所ShanghaiStock Exchange深圳证券交易所ShenzhenStock Exchange证券监督委员会securitiessupervision committee[ˈsju:pəˈvɪʒən][kəˈmiti]票据法law of negotiableinstrument[nɪˈgəʊʃi:əbəl][ˈinstrumənt]票据notes; bills;commercial instruments商业票据bill; commercialinstrument远期票据time bill;long-dated bill到期票据matured bill[məˈtjuə]即期票据sight bill记名票据bill payable toorder; note to order不记名票据bearerinstrument本票promissory note[ˈprɔmisəri]支票cheque[tʃek]汇票bill of exchange发票日ticket day出票日date of draft/issue[drɑ:ft]发票地place of draft/issue票据到期日bill to mature票据金额sum of bill票面价额face value票据出票人drawer票据持票人bill holder票据承兑人bill acceptor票据行为act oncommercial paper承兑票据honor a bill票据议付negotiation[nɪˈgəʊʃi:ˈeɪʃən]拒付票据protest a bill[ˈprəutest]票据付款人drawee[drɔ:ˈi:]票据支付人payer oncommercial instrument票据收款人bill collector票据背书人endorser[ɪnˈd ɔ:sə]/indorser of a bill被背书人endorsee票据保证人bill guarantor [ˈɡærənˈtɔ:]票据被保证人bill pledgee [pleˈdʒi:]/warrantee [ˈwɔrənˈti:]再追索人renewed recourser前手remote holder后手subsequent endorser [ˈsʌbsikwənt]票据权利right of bill票据期限term of bill; tenor 票据债务人debtor of commercial instrument追索权right of recourse票据抗辩exception to bill 票据丧失loss of bill票据时效prescription of exchanges[prisˈkripʃən]票据贴现discount of bill再贴现rediscount of bill恩惠期间term of benevolence[bəˈnevələns]票据代理agency for notes/bills/commercial instruments海商法maritime law [ˈmæritaim]船舶国籍证书certificate of registry; [ˈredʒɪstri:] certificate of ship’s nationality船棋国flag country[flæɡ]船舶所有权证书certificate of ship ownership船舶检验register of ship船舶保险insurance on hull [hʌl]船舶保险单hull insurance policy船舶登记证书certificate of registry船舶丈量tonnagemeasurement of ships[ˈtʌnɪdʒ][ˈmeʒəmənt]船舶进港费groundage[ˈɡraundidʒ]船舶抵押ship mortgage船舶租赁ship chartering[ˈtʃɑ:təriŋ]船舶转租shipsubchartering船舶所有人责任限制limitation of liabilities ofship owners船舶碰撞ship collision[kəˈliʒən]船舶遇难maritime distress[disˈtres]海上灾难perils of the sea[ˈperil]海上拖航marine towage[məˈri:n][ˈtəuidʒ]船舶扣押detention of ship船舶债权ship’s credit船级社classificationsociety船级证书certificate of class海上留置权maritime lien船舶留置权maritime lien船舶抵押权maritimemortgage海上优先请求权priorityclaim to seagoing ships救助优先权priority claimto salvage[ˈsælvidʒ]共同海损优先权priorityclaim to general average服务优先权priority claimto service货物损害优先权priorityclaim to cargo damage[ˈkɑ:ɡəu]传播抵押借款和货物抵押借款优先权priority claimto ship credit and goodscredit海运合同shipping contract提单bill of lading(B/L)空舱费dead freight[freit]租船费charterage[ˈtʃɑ:təridʒ]租船合同charter-partycontract of affreightment[əˈfreitmənt]期租船合同timecharter-party; time CP航次租船合同voyagecharter-party[ˈvɔiidʒ]定期租船合同timecharter-party光船租船合同bareboatcharter-party; bareboat CP[ˈbeəˈbəut]包租运输合同shippingcharter-party海上旅客运输合同contractfor carriage of passengers bysea远洋拖带合同contract ofocean towage[ˈəuʃən][ˈtəuidʒ]港内拖带合同contract ofport towage海难救助合同salvagecontract海事报告master’s protest;sea protest[ˈprəutest]海事声明书sea protest海事争议maritime dispute海事法院maritime court;;admiralty court海事诉讼程序maritimeproceedings船舶碰撞案件的民事管辖权civil jurisdiction of seacollision船舶碰撞案件的刑事管辖权criminal jurisdiction of。
法律英语常用词汇注解(doc 40页)
法律英语常用词汇注解(doc 40页)常用法律英语词汇注解Ab initio从开始形容事件由开始时的状态，例如合约从开始便已经无效，称为“The contract was void ab initio”。
Accused被告Accused通常指刑事案件的被告，民事诉讼的被告称为Defendant；而申索案件中的被索偿的一方称为Respondent（答辩人）。
Acquittal罪名不成立刑事案件经审讯后，被告罪名不成立被释放，称为“The accused is acquitted”。
Acquittal是名词。
AdjournAs is现状“As is”常用于物业买卖的合约中，指物业的现状。
“The property is and will be sold on an “as is”basis …”即物业将会以其现状出售。
Bail保释刑事案中的疑犯或被告，可以暂时被释放。
保释可以是有条件的，也可以是无条件的。
保释的条件包括缴交指定金额的保释金、提供人事担保及定时向警署报到等。
Balance of Probabilities可能性较高者这是民事案件中举证的标准，法庭对原告和被告所提出的证据，认为那一方的可信性较高，便会判处该方胜诉。
相对刑事案而言，民事案中败诉的后果一般都只是经济利益，所以法庭对举证的要求，相对也较刑事案为低。
Beyond reasonable doubt无合理疑点这是刑事案件中举证的标准，控方向法庭提出的证据，必须是在合理的情况下并无疑点，法庭才会判处被告有罪。
刑事罪的后果对被告而言，较为严重，举证标准的要求也因此而较民事案严格，如果法庭认为证据有任何疑点，都会将疑点的利益“benefit of doubt”归于被告。
Binding有约束力的“binding”通常的解释是连结一起，但法律上则多用作有约束力的，例如：This provisional agreement is a binding contract。
法硕考研常用法律词汇英语注解
法律硕士考研常用法律词汇英语注解Concurrent Sentence 合并判决刑事案中的被告犯了两项或以上的罪名同时成立，但各项罪名的判刑同时执行，例如第一项罪的判刑是一年监禁，而第二项罪的判刑是监禁两年，两项罪合并判决，被告只需要被服刑两年。
Consecutive Sentence 连续判决刑事案中的被告所犯的不同罪行，是以连续判决执行，则被告需要分别服刑，例如一项罪被判了两年，另一项罪则被判了三年，被告便需要连续服刑五年，才会被释放。
Consideration 约因合约是订约方自愿建立的法律关系，是一方以有价值的代价或者承诺以换取对方的承诺或代价，这些合约中的承诺或代价称为约因，缺乏有效的约因，合约便不能成立。
Contributory Negligence 分担疏忽意外中的伤者对意外的造成及他自己的受伤程度，需要分担部份疏忽的责任，他所获得的赔偿额也会相对地减少。
Copyright 版权是作者对他所创作的作品的发表、翻印、复制等专有权利，版权在作品完成后便自动产生及受法律保护，毋须经过任何注册程序，但必须为原创作品才拥有版权。
Counterclaim 反申索在民事诉讼中，被告对原告作出申索，而该申索的事实和理据与原告的申索是有关连的，反申索是一项独立的申索，所以原告必须对反申索作出适当的响应，例如进行抗辩等。
Custody 保管，监护，拘留一般而言，Custody这个名词是指对对象的保管或拥有，但在家事法中，Custody of Children 是指对未成年子女的监护权;而在刑事案件中，则指对被告的拘留。
Decree 法庭判令法庭聆讯后所作出的判令，可以分成暂时性判令“decree nisi”和永久性判令“decree absolute”，常见于离婚呈请的程序。
一般而言，法庭颁出decree nisi后，在指定的期限过后，除非收到反对，否则都会颁出永久判令。
Deed 契约是一种特别的合约，须要经过当事人签署、盖章并送交对方才算有效，契约上的盖章在法律上被视为一种有效的约因。
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考研法律硕士常用法律词汇英语注解
Concurrent Sentence 合并判决
刑事案中的被告犯了两项或以上的罪名同时成立，但各项罪名的判刑同时执行，例如第一项罪的判刑是一年监禁，而第二项罪的判刑是监禁两年，两项罪合并判决，被告只需要被服刑两年。
Consecutive Sentence 连续判决
刑事案中的被告所犯的不同罪行，是以连续判决执行，则被告需要分别服刑，例如一项罪被判了两年，另一项罪则被判了三年，被告便需要连续服刑五年，才会被释放。
Consideration 约因
合约是订约方自愿建立的法律关系，是一方以有价值的代价或者承诺以换取对方的承诺或代价，这些合约中的承诺或代价称为约因，缺乏有效的约因，合约便不能成立。
Contributory Negligence 分担疏忽
意外中的伤者对意外的造成及他自己的受伤程度，需要分担部份疏忽的责任，他所获得的赔偿额也会相对地减少。
Copyright 版权
是作者对他所创作的作品的发表、翻印、复制等专有权利，版权在作品完成后便自动产生及受法律保护，毋须经过任何注册程序，但必须为原创作品才拥有版权。
Counterclaim 反申索
在民事诉讼中，被告对原告作出申索，而该申索的事实和理据与原告的申索是有关连的，反申索是一项独立的申索，所以原告必须对反申索作出适当的响应，例如进行抗辩等。
Custody 保管，监护，拘留
一般而言，Custody这个名词是指对对象的保管或拥有，但在家事法中，Custody of Children 是指对未成年子女的监护权;而在刑事案件中，则指对被告的拘留。
Decree 法庭判令
法庭聆讯后所作出的判令，可以分成暂时性判令“decree nisi” 和永久性判令“decree absolute”，常见于离婚呈请的程序。
一般而言，法庭颁出decree nisi后，在指定的期限过后，除非收到反对，否则都会颁出永久判令。
Deed 契约
是一种特别的合约，须要经过当事人签署、盖章并送交对方才算有效，契约上的盖章在法律上被视为一种有效的约因。
Defamation 诽谤
非法破坏他人名誉的行为，口头的毁谤和以书面的永久形式诽谤都可以构成民事索偿的理据或者刑事罪行。
Defence 抗辩
刑事或民事案件中的被告，否认有关的指控或申索，同时提出反对的支持事实。
Dependant 受养人
是指某人的某些家庭成员，需要依靠这个人提供的经济来支持生活，如果这个人因意外死亡，他的受养人因而遭受损失，是有权追究责任，要求赔偿有关的损失。
Disclaimer 弃权，否认
是指某人愿意放弃法律上的某项权益，如果这项权益是以书面确认，则这份文件称为Disclaimer。
此外，也可以是指对某个声称或指控作出否认的行为。
Discovery of documents 披露文件
在民事诉讼的程序中，原告和被告都需要向法庭及对方披露其所持有关于该案件的所有文件，基于公平、公开和公正的法律原则，是“所有与案有关的文件”都需要披露，而不是只披露对自己有利的文件。
Distraint 封租
租客拖欠租金，业主可以根据租约条文向法庭请求封租令，将租客留在物业中的物品充公拍卖，偿还所拖欠的租金和封租的费用。
Domicile 居藉
是一个人定居的地方，居藉与居所不同，每一个人只可以有一个居藉，但却可以多于一个居所，居藉可以是以出生地为居藉，也可以自行选择移居的居藉，也可以是法律界定的居藉，一个人的法律地位受其居藉影响。
Estoppel 不可反言
是“Stop”的意思，法律上不容许否认经已作出的行为，或者不容许引申某项违反公平原则的争辩。
Ex Parte 单方
在公平的原则下，诉讼的程序一般都是以双方“Inter Parte”形式进行，即是与讼双方同时有机会向法庭作出申辩。
但在某些特殊的情况下，例如对申请人有人身或财物安全的迫胁，或者不让对方有机会毁灭证据等，是可以容许以单方形式进行。
例如以单方传票向法庭申请禁制令，禁止对方将子女擅自携离香港。
Fiduciary Duty 诚信责任
公司董事和受托人等，因为其身处位置，对委托人或有关的受益人都负有诚信的责任，基本上，诚信责任就是不能以位或权而谋私，凡事均以委托人的利益为前题。
Forthwith 立即
法律书信经常用的副词，是立即的意思，例：The outstanding sum should be settled forthwith. 应该立即清还所欠的款项。
其实，所谓立即，可以理解为最短的合理时间。
凯程教育：
凯程考研成立于2005年，国内首家全日制集训机构考研，一直从事高端全日制辅导，由李海洋教授、张鑫教授、卢营教授、王洋教授、杨武金教授、张释然教授、索玉柱教授、方浩教授等一批高级考研教研队伍组成，为学员全程高质量授课、答疑、测试、督导、报考指导、方法指导、联系导师、复试等全方位的考研服务。
凯程考研的宗旨：让学习成为一种习惯；
凯程考研的价值观口号：凯旋归来，前程万里；
信念：让每个学员都有好最好的归宿；
使命：完善全新的教育模式，做中国最专业的考研辅导机构；
激情：永不言弃，乐观向上；
敬业：以专业的态度做非凡的事业；
服务：以学员的前途为已任，为学员提供高效、专业的服务，团队合作，为学员服务，为学员引路。
如何选择考研辅导班：
在考研准备的过程中，会遇到不少困难，尤其对于跨专业考生的专业课来说，通过报辅导班来弥补自己复习的不足，可以大大提高复习效率，节省复习时间，大家可以通过以下几个方面来考察辅导班，或许能帮你找到适合你的辅导班。
师资力量：师资力量是考察辅导班的首要因素，考生可以针对辅导名师的辅导年限、辅导经验、历年辅导效果、学员评价等因素进行综合评价，询问往届学长然后选择。
判断师资力量关键在于综合实力，因为任何一门课程，都不是由一、两个教师包到底的，是一批教师配合的结果。
还要深入了解教师的学术背景、资料著述成就、辅导成就等。
凯程考研名师云集，李海洋、张鑫教授、方浩教授、卢营教授、孙浩教授等一大批名师在凯程授课。
而有的机构只是很普通的老师授课，对知识点把握和命题方向，欠缺火候。
对该专业有辅导历史：必须对该专业深刻理解，才能深入辅导学员考取该校。
在考研辅导班中，从来见过如此辉煌的成绩：凯程教育拿下2015五道口金融学院状元，考取五道口15人，清华经管金融硕士10人，人大金融硕士15个，中财和贸大金融硕士合计20人，北师大教育学7人，会计硕士保录班考取30人，翻译硕士接近20人，中传状元王园璐、郑家威都是来自凯程，法学方面，凯程在人大、北大、贸大、政法、武汉大学、公安大学等院校斩获多个法学和法硕状元，更多专业成绩请查看凯程网站。
在凯程官方网站的光荣榜，成功学员经验谈视频特别多，都是凯程战绩的最好证明。
对于如此高的成绩，凯程集训营班主任邢老师说，凯程如此优异的成绩，是与我们凯程严格的管理，全方位的辅导是分不开的，很多学生本科都不是名校，某些学生来自二本三本甚至不知名的院校，还有很多是工作了多年才回来考的，大多数是跨专业考研，他们的难度大，竞争激烈，没有严格的训练和同学们的刻苦学习，是很难达到优异的成绩。
最好的办法是直接和凯程老师详细沟通一下就清楚了。
建校历史：机构成立的历史也是一个参考因素，历史越久，积累的人脉资源更多。
例如，凯程教育已经成立10年（2005年），一直以来专注于考研，成功率一直遥遥领先，同学们有兴趣可以联系一下他们在线老师或者电话。
有没有实体学校校区：有些机构比较小，就是一个在写字楼里上课，自习，这种环境是不太好的，一个优秀的机构必须是在教学环境，大学校园这样环境。
凯程有自己的学习校区，有吃住学一体化教学环境，独立卫浴、空调、暖气齐全，这也是一个考研机构实力的体现。
此外，最好还要看一下他们的营业执照。