2016考研英语：“搭配记忆”法巧解英译汉

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2016考研英语(一)翻译真题参考译文及考点详细解析

2016考研英语（一）翻译真题参考译文及考点详细解析来源：文都教育2016考研英语（一）翻译真题和往年相比，难度下降了很多，基本上没有出现难词和难句，各位考生朋友只要把每个句子的采分点把握好，拿到一半的分数是不在话下的。

下面文都教育把每个句中详细的考点解析如下，以供同学们参考。

46. We don’t have to learn how to be mentally healthy; it is built into us in the same way that our bodies know how to heal a cut or mend a broken bone.【解析】分号前后两个分句，mentally healthy 精神健康/心理健康，it 指代心理健康。

【译文】我们不必学习如何保持健康的心理；它与生俱来，正如我们的身体知道如何让伤口痊愈，如何让骨折好转。

47. Our mental health doesn’t really go anywhere; like the sun behind a cloud, it can be temporarily hidden from view, but it is fully capable of being restored in an instant.【解析】分号和but前后连接三个并列的分句，第二个分句和第三个分句均出现被动语态，即can be hidden，being restored, 处理的时候，一定不能出现“被”，译为“人们看不到”；“有能力恢复”。

【译文】健康的心理其实一直都在我们身边；正如乌云背后的太阳，人们有时会看不见它，但是它完全有能力立刻回来。

48. Mental health allows us to view others with sympathy if they are having troubles, with kindness if they are in pain, and with unconditional love no matter who they are.【解析】with sympathy, with kindness, with unconditional三个结构并列，其后都跟出一个从句充当状语的成分，前两个结构后引出if 引导的条件句，第三个后引出no matter who引出的让步状语从句，按照汉语的表达习惯状语要前置，另外还需注意的是词性的转换，sympathy,kindness, love 全部名词动词化，由原来的名词译为动词，即“同情他人”，“善待他人”，“给他们以爱”。

2016考研英语词汇分类速记手册

2016 考研英语词汇分类速记手册第一部分2016 考研英语必看：各题型热门真题词汇 (2)一、阅读理解近五年真题词汇表 (2)2010 (2)2011 (2)2012 (3)2013 (3)2014 (3)二、完形填空考前必看词汇 (4)三、翻译常考高频词汇590 组 (7)第二部分2016 考研英语真题高频词汇分类记忆 (23)一、心理学篇 (23)二、外贸类 (24)三、金融类 (25)四、情绪态度类 (27)五、社会类 (29)第三部分2016 考研英语六类常见特色词汇 (31)一、工作篇 (31)二、中华民族的喜庆节日(ChineseFestivial) (32)三、具有文化特色的现代表述 (32)四、中国新兴事物(NewlySproutedThings) (32)五、中国独特的传统饮食(UniqueTraditionalChineseFoods) (33)六、媒体热点篇 (33)第四部分2016 考研英语必看之新词汇 (37)一、与考研相关词咋说？ (37)二、有关雾霾的词汇你知道多少 (37)三、2016考研英语必看之60 个新增单词 (38)第一部分2016 考研英语必看：各题型热门真题词汇一、阅读理解近五年真题词汇表20102011rescue拯救totheeffectthat大意是说failedto不能intrinsic内在的固有的regardlessof不管presence出席absence缺席creature生物species物种ecologically生态的as such本身，相应的eliminate根除element因素commercial商业的erroneous错误的error错误sustain支持、维持illusion幻觉conscious有意识的justification合理，借口justify证明是公正的rationalization合理exploitation剥削、开发bottom底circumstance环境upside积极的、正面的contain包含beupto取决于array展示、陈列、一系列2012impulse冲动unification统一、一致generative生产的、生成的generate产生constrain力劝、强迫、限制constraint限制filter过滤cognitive认知的empirical实证的根据经验得到的bias偏见track跟踪2013strike打、震撼forall尽管，style风格urge需求、督促、鼓励decoration装饰sacred神圣的crude原始、粗糙as opposed to与相反shelter避难所ineffect实际上urban城市discernible容易看出的discern看出、识别blame批评implicit隐含的explicit明确的reference谈到、提及、参考synthetic人造的2014articulate清晰的表达byallaccounts根据、根据报道by one‟so wn account根据某人自己所说letalone更别提intensity紧张abruptly突然地sudden突然soft 柔和的passage段落rarely很少、几乎不composer作曲家compose作曲、编写associate联系suffer遭受inevitable不可避免render转换、使变成二、完形填空考前必看词汇stand，cope，approve ，retain “s tand”表示“忍受”，相当于“w ithsta nd”(抵抗)或者“bear”(忍受)。

2016考研英语一步一步破解长难句翻译

2016考研英语：一步一步破解长难句翻译考研阶段的英语翻译常以长句子为主，不仅词汇量大，而且语法结构复杂，难度上升了不止一个档次，令很多小伙伴头痛不已。

不过，只要找准主干，掌握好方法，层层剖析，破解长难句翻译也可以是一件很轻松的事。

2016考研当前，以一个句子为例，一起看看如何一步一步破解长难句翻译吧。

第一步：通读句子在翻译之前首先要通读句子，把握其中心意思：A few years ago, in one of the most fascinating and disturbing experiments in behavioral psychology, Stanley Milgram of Yale University tested 40 subjects from all walks of life for their willingness to obey instructions given by a“leader”in a situation in which the subjects might feel a personal distaste for the actions they were called upon to perform.第二步：找准主干接下来要找出句子主干。

哪怕结构再复杂，一个句子只能有一个主干，认准谓语动词，主干就很好找。

这句话的主干就是：Stanley Milgram of Yale University tested 40 subjects from all walks of life.第三步：分析结构找准主干之后，剩下的就都是修饰成分。

把这些修饰成分和修饰的对象都找出来，一一对应，整理清楚，句子的语法结构也就明了了。

在此句中，A few years ago, in one of the most fascinating and disturbing experiments in behavioral psychology为状语，修饰主干；for their willingness to obey instructions given by a“leader”in a situation也是状语，修饰主干；in which the subjects might feel a personal distaste for the actions为状语中的定语从句，修饰”situation”；（that）they were called upon to perform是定语从句中的定语从句，修饰”actions”。

2016考研英语复习英译汉部分该如何做

在考研英语大纲中，无论是英语一还是英语二，其中都有很多是必考题型，英译汉一直在考试中占有很重要的位置。

首先说英语一中的英译汉，一般是阅读理解部分的Part C，题型是提供一篇约400词的文章，在5个句子下面划线，并且这5个句子往往是长难句，每一个句子2分，要求考生将画线句子译成中文，而文章内容抽象，语言结构比较复杂，考查考生对复杂语言结构和复杂长难句的分析能力。

而英语二的考试中有单独的英译汉部分，要求考生阅读、理解长度为150词左右的一个或几个英语段落，并将其全部译成汉语，翻译量与英语(一)基本相同，但是由于这是一个完整的语段理解和翻译，句子有长有短、有难有易，因此，与英语一5个划线的长难句相比，难度要小很多，而且采分点比较分散，有些很简单的句子也是采分点，考生将其翻译正确即可得分。

中公考研建议考生在做题的同时应该明白考题的出题思路，明白命题的原则就可以简单的将考题看透吃透，答题也更加容易。

英译汉部分的命题指导思想是适当降低英译汉文章的难度，以便要求考生在对文章深层次理解的同时，掌握并运用最基本的英译汉技巧。

英译汉试题命制的基本原则是避免内容不健康的、带有各种偏见的语言材料;试题无科学性错误;侧重运用能力的考查。

英译汉部分的评分标准，英语(二) 大纲对考试内容第三部分的英译汉表述是"考查考生理解所给英语语言材料并将其译成汉语的能力。

要求译文准确、完整、通顺"。

所谓“准确”即要求译文能准确地表达原文的内容和观点，不得随意增补，不能遗漏，不能加入自己的立场观点。

所谓“完整、通顺”则是指译文语言合乎汉语的规范和语言习惯，不要有语病、错别字，力求做到明白通畅。

单从文体上来看，英译汉短文多为正式的说明文和议论文，内容严谨，语言和用词比较规范正式;从文章题材来看，英译汉部分所选的短文主要包括社会文化、经济管理、科普知识等内容，不会出现专业性太强的文章;从考点来看，英译汉短文的考点往往集中在定语从句、名词性从句、状语从句及被动句等，同时，英译汉部分还会考查考生在上下文中准确把握词义的能力、分析语言结构的能力和使用汉语的习惯与规范正确表达的能力。

2016考研英语分句翻译技巧

广大考生请注意：为了帮助广大考生顺利通过2016年研究生入学考试，勤思考研隆重推出考研公共课（政治和英语）的全面辅导，为你扫除考研道路上的一切障碍。

我们会在第一时间为广大考生搜集整理2016年考研政治复习资料及相关信息，敬请大家关注！2016考研英语分句翻译技巧英译汉时，由于两种语言的句子结构大不相同，而往往需要改变一下句子结构以适应于汉语的表达习惯。

采用分句、合句进行翻译的作法正是为了达到这种目的而运用的一种重要技巧。

所谓分句，就是指把原文的一个简单句译成两个或两个以上的句子；所谓合句，就是指把原文的两个或两个以上的简单句或一个复合句译成一个简单句。

运用这种分句、合句的汉译技巧可以使译文层次分明，更合乎于汉语的表达习惯。

分句翻译的技巧共分五种类型，合句汉译的技巧共分三种类型。

先谈谈分句汉译技巧的五种类型。

1、主语分句汉译技巧:A man spending twelve days on the moon would find, on returning to the earth, that a year had passed by already.一个人如果在月亮上度过了十二天，回到地球以后就会发现一年已经过去了。

2、谓语分句汉译技巧:It goes without saying that oxygen is the most active element in the atmosphere.不言而喻，氧气是大气中最活泼的元素。

3、定语分句汉译技巧:He managed to raise a crop of 200 miracle tomatoes that weighed up to two pounds each.他居然种出了二百个奇迹般的西红柿，每个重达两磅。

4、状语分句汉译技巧:Sunrays filtered in wherever they could, driving out darkness andchoking the shadows.阳光射入了它所能透过的地方，赶走了黑暗，驱散了幽影。

2016年考研英语一真题答案解析及翻译大师兄版

2016年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语一试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark[A],[B],[C]or[D]on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)In Cambodia,the choice of a spouse is a complex one for the young male.It may involve not only his parents and his friends,1those of the young woman,but also a matchmaker.A man can2a likely spouse on his own and then ask his parents to3the marriage negotiations,or the young man’s parents may make the choice of a spouse,giving the child little to say in the selection.4,a girl may veto the spouse her parents have chosen.5a spouse has been selected,each family investigates the other to make sure its child is marrying6a good family.The traditional wedding is a long and colorful affair.Formerly it lasted three days,7by the1980s it more commonly lasted a day and a half.Buddhist priests offer a short sermon and8prayers of blessing. Parts of the ceremony involve ritual hair cutting,9cotton threads soaked in holy water around the bride’s and groom’s wrists,and10a candle around a circle of happily married and respected couples to bless the 11.Newlyweds traditionally move in with the wife’s parents and may12with them up to a year, 13they can build a new house nearby.Divorce is legal and easy to14,but not common.Divorced persons are15with some disapproval. Each spouse retains16property he or she17into the marriage,and jointly-acquired property is 18equally.Divorced persons may remarry,but a gender discrimination19up:The divorced male doesn’t have a waiting period before he can remarry20the woman must wait ten months.1.[A]by way of[B]on behalf of[C]as well as[D]with regard to2.[A]adapt to[B]provide for[C]compete with[D]decide on3.[A]close[B]renew[C]arrange[D]postpone4.[A]Above all[B]In theory[C]In time[D]For example5.[A]Although[B]Lest[C]After[D]Unless6.[A]into[B]within[C]from[D]through7.[A]since[B]but[C]or[D]so8.[A]copy[B]test[C]recite[D]create9.[A]folding[B]piling[C]wrapping[D]tying10.[A]passing[B]lighting[C]hiding[D]serving11.[A]meeting[B]collection[C]association[D]union12.[A]grow[B]part[C]deal[D]live13.[A]whereas[B]until[C]if[D]for14.[A]obtain[B]follow[C]challenge[D]avoid15.[A]isolated[B]persuaded[C]viewed[D]exposed16.[A]whatever[B]however[C]whenever[D]wherever17.[A]changed[B]brought[C]shaped[D]pushed18.[A]withdrawn[B]invested[C]donated[D]divided19.[A]breaks[B]warns[C]shows[D]clears20.[A]so that[B]while[C]once[D]in thatSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing[A],[B],[C]or[D].Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40points)Text1France,which prides itself as the global innovator of fashion,has decided its fashion industry has lost an absolute right to define physical beauty for women.Its lawmakers gave preliminary approval last week to a law that would make it a crime to employ ultra-thin models on runways.The parliament also agreed to ban websites that“incite excessive thinness”by promoting extreme dieting.Such measures have a couple of uplifting motives.They suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up impinging on health.That's a start.And the ban on ultra-thin models seems to go beyond protecting models from starving themselves to death-as some have done.It tells the fashion industry that it must take responsibility for the signal it sends women,especially teenage girls,about the social tape-measure they must use to determine their individual worth.The bans,if fully enforced,would suggest to women(and many men)that they should not let others be arbiters of their beauty.And perhaps faintly,they hint that people should look to intangible qualities like character and intellect rather than dieting their way to size zero or wasp-waist physiques.The French measures,however,rely too much on severe punishment to change a culture that still regards beauty as skin-deep-and bone-showing.Under the law,using a fashion model that does not meet a government-defined index of body mass could result in a$85,000fine and six months in prison.The fashion industry knows it has an inherent problem in focusing on material adornment and idealized body types.In Denmark,the United States,and a few other countries,it is trying to set voluntary standards for models and fashion images that rely more on peer pressure for enforcement.In contrast to France’s actions,Denmark’s fashion industry agreed last month on rules and sanctions regarding the age,health,and other characteristics of models.The newly revised Danish Fashion Ethical Charter clearly states:“We are aware of and take responsibility for the impact the fashion industry has on body ideals, especially on young people.”The charter’s main tool of enforcement is to deny access for designers and modeling agencies to Copenhagen Fashion Week(CFW),which is run by the Danish Fashion Institute.But in general it relies on a name-and-shame method of compliance.Relying on ethical persuasion rather than law to address the misuse of body ideals may be the best step.Even better would be to help elevate notions of beauty beyond the material standards of a particular industry.21.According to the first paragraph,what would happen in France?[A]New runways would be constructed.[B]Physical beauty would be redefined.[C]Websites about dieting would thrive.[D]The fashion industry would decline.22.The phrase“impinging on”(Line2,Para.2)is closest in meaning to_____.[A]heightening the value of[B]indicating the state of[C]losing faith in[D]doing harm to23.Which of the following is true of the fashion industry?[A]New standards are being set in Denmark.[B]The French measures have already failed.[C]Models are no longer under peer pressure.[D]Its inherent problems are getting worse.24.A designer is most likely to be rejected by CFW for_____.[A]pursuing perfect physical conditions.[B]caring too much about models’character.2016年考研英语一真题及大师兄版解析29.The author holds that George Osborne’s preference_____.[A]reveals a strong prejudice against urban areas.[B]shows his disregard for the character of rural areas.[C]stresses the necessity of easing the housing crisis.[D]highlights his firm stand against lobby pressure.30.In the last paragraph,the author shows his appreciation of_____.[A]the size of population in Britain[B]the political life in today’s Britain[C]the enviable urban lifestyle in Britain[D]the town-and-country planning in BritainText3“There is one and only one social responsibility of business,”wrote Milton Friedman,a Nobel Prize-winning economist,“That is,to use its resources and engage in activities designed to increase its profits.”But even if you accept Friedman’s premise and regard corporate social responsibility(CSR)policies as a waste of shareholders’money,things may not be absolutely clear-cut.New research suggests that CSR may create monetary value for companies—at least when they are prosecuted for corruption.The largest firms in America and Britain together spend more than$15billion a year on CSR,according to an estimate by EPG,a consulting firm.This could add value to their businesses in three ways.First,consumers may take CSR spending as a“signal”that a company’s products are of high quality.Second,customers may be willing to buy a company’s products as an indirect way to donate to the good causes it helps.And third,through a more diffuse“halo effect,”whereby its good deeds earn it greater consideration from consumers and others.Previous studies on CSR have had trouble differentiating these effects because consumers can be affected by all three.A recent study attempts to separate them by looking at bribery prosecutions under America’s Foreign Corrupt Practices Act(FCPA).It argues that since prosecutors do not consume a company’s products as part of their investigations,they could be influenced only by the halo effect.The study found that,among prosecuted firms,those with the most comprehensive CSR programmes tended to get more lenient penalties.Their analysis ruled out the possibility that it was firms’political influence,rather than their CSR stand,that accounted for the leniency:Companies that contributed more to political campaigns did not receive lower fines.In all,the study concludes that whereas prosecutors should only evaluate a case based on its merits,they do seem to be influenced by a company’s record in CSR.“We estimate that either eliminating a substantial labour-rights concern,such as child labour,or increasing corporate giving by about20%results in fines that generally are40%lower than the typical punishment for bribing foreign officials,”says one researcher.Researchers admit that their study does not answer the question of how much businesses ought to spend on CSR.Nor does it reveal how much companies are banking on the halo effect,rather than the other possible benefits,when they decide their do-gooding policies.But at least they have demonstrated that when companies get into trouble with the law,evidence of good character can win them a less costly punishment.31.The author views Milton Friedman’s statement about CSR with_____.[A]tolerance[B]skepticism[C]uncertainty[D]approval32.According to Paragraph2,CSR helps a company by_____.[A]guarding it against malpractices[B]protecting it from consumers[C]winning trust from consumers[D]raising the quality of its products33.The expression“more lenient”(Line2,Para.4)is closest in meaning to_____.[A]more effective[B]less controversial[C]less severe[D]more lasting34.When prosecutors evaluate a case,a company’s CSR record_____.[A]legacy businesses are becoming outdated.[B]cautiousness facilitates problem-solving.[C]aggressiveness better meets challenges.[D]traditional luxuries can stay unaffected.40.Which of the following would be the best title of the text?_____.[A]Shift to Online Newspapers All at Once[B]Cherish the Newspapers Still in Your Hand[C]Make Your Print Newspapers a Luxury Good[D]Keep Your Newspapers Forever in FashionPart BDirections:Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the list A-G for each of the numbered paragraphs(41-45).There are two extra subheadings.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10point)[A]Create a new image of yourself[B]Have confidence in yourself[C]Decide if the time is right[D]Understand the context[E]Work with professionals[F]Make it efficient[G]Know your goalsNo matter how formal or informal the work environment,the way you present yourself has an impact.This is especially true in the first impressions.According to research from Princeton University,people assess your competence,trustworthiness,and likeability in just a tenth of a second,solely based on the way you look.The difference between today’s workplace and the“dress for success”era is that the range of options is so much broader.Norms have evolved and fragmented.In some settings,red sneakers or dress T-shirts can convey status;in others not so much.Plus,whatever image we present is magnified by social-media services like LinkedIn.Chances are,your headshots are seen much more often now than a decade or two lennials,it seems,face the paradox of being the least formal generation yet the most conscious of style and personal branding. It can be confusing.So how do we navigate this?How do we know when to invest in an upgrade?And what’s the best way to pull off one that enhances our goals?Here are some tips:41.__________________As an executive coach,I’ve seen image upgrades be particular helpful during transitions—when looking for a new job,stepping into a new or more public role,or changing work environments.If you’re in a period of change or just feeling stuck and in a rut,now may be a good time.If you’re not sure,ask for honest feedback from trusted friends,colleagues and professionals.Look for cues about how others perceive you.Maybe there’s no need for an upgrade and that’s OK.42.__________________Get clear on what impact you’re hoping to have.Are you looking to refresh your image or pivot it?For one person,the goal may be to be taken more seriously and enhance their professional image.For another,it may be to be perceived as more approachable,or more modern and stylish.For someone moving from finance to advertising, maybe they want to look more“SoHo.”(It’s OK to use characterizations like that.)43.__________________Look at your work environment like an anthropologist.What are the norms of your environment?What conveys status?Who are your most important audiences?How do the people you respect and look up to present themselves?The better you understand the cultural context,the more control you can have over your impact.44.__________________Enlist the support of professionals and share with them your goals and context.Hire a personal stylist,or use the free styling service of a store like J.Crew.Try a hair stylist instead of a barber.Work with a professional photographer instead of your spouse or friend.It’s not as expensive as you might think.45.__________________The point of a style upgrade isn’t to become more vain or to spend more time fussing over what to wear. Instead,use it as an opportunity to reduce decision fatigue.Pick a standard work uniform or a few go-to options. Buy all your clothes at once with a stylist instead of shopping alone,one article of clothing at a time.Section III TranslationDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese.Your translation should be written clearly on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)Mental health is our birthright.(46)We don’t have to learn how to be mentally healthy;it is built into us in the same way that our bodies know how to heal a cut or mend,a broken bone.Mental health can’t be learned,only reawakened.It is like immune system of the body,which under stress or through lack of nutrition or exercise can be weakened,but which never leaves us.When we don’t understand the value of mental health and we don’t know how to gain access to it,mental health will remain hidden from us.(47)Our mental health doesn’t go anywhere; like the sun behind a cloud,it can be temporarily hidden from view,but it is fully capable of being restored in an instant.Mental health is the seed that contains self-esteem–confidence in ourselves and an ability to trust in our common sense.It allows us to have perspective on our lives—the ability to not take ourselves too seriously,to laugh at ourselves,to see the bigger picture,and to see that things will work out.It’s a form of innate or unlearned optimism.(48)Mental health allows us to view others with sympathy if they are having troubles,with kindness if they are in pain,and with unconditional love no matter who they are.Mental health is the source of creativity for solving problems,resolving conflict,making our surroundings more beautiful,managing our home life,or coming up with a creative business idea or invention to make our lives easier.It gives us patience for ourselves and toward others as well as patience while driving,catching a fish,working on our car,or raising a child.It allows us to see the beauty that surrounds us each moment in nature,in culture,in the flow of our daily lives.(49)Although mental health is the cure-all for living our lives,it is perfectly ordinary as you will see that it has been there to direct you through all your difficult decisions.It has been available even in the most mundane of life situations to show you right from wrong,good from bad,friend from foe.Mental health has commonly been called conscience,instinct,wisdom,common sense,or the inner voice.We think of it simply as a healthy and helpful flow of intelligent thought.(50)As you will come to see,knowing that mental health is always available and knowing to trust it allow us to slow down to the moment and live life happily.SectionⅣWritingPart A51.Directions:Suppose you are a librarian in your university.Write a notice of about100words providing the newly-enrolled international students with relevant information about the library.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not sign your own name at the end of the e“Li Ming”instead.Do not write the address.(10points)Part B52.Directions:Write an essay of160-200words based on the following pictures.In your essay you should1)describe the drawing briefly,2)explain its intended meaning,and3)give your comments.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.(20points)2016年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语一试题大师兄版参考答案Section I Use of English(10points)1.A B C D2.A B C D3.A B C D4.A B C D5.A B C D6.A B C D7.A B C D8.A B C D9.A B C D10.A B C D11.A B C D12.A B C D13.A B C D14.A B C D15.A B C D16.A B C D17.A B C D18.A B C D19.A B C D20.A B C DSection II Reading Comprehension(50points)Part A(40points)21.A B C D22.A B C D23.A B C D24.A B C D25.A B C D26.A B C D27.A B C D28.A B C D29.A B C D30.A B C D31.A B C D32.A B C D33.A B C D34.A B C D35.A B C D36.A B C D37.A B C D38.A B C D39.A B C D40.A B C DPart B(10points)41.A B C D E F G42.A B C D E F G43.A B C D E F G44.A B C D E F G45.A B C D E F G注：第29题有争议，大师兄版选B，新东方版、沪江版选A。

16考研英语历年真题常考固定搭配

考研英语历年真题常考固定搭配第一部分名词的固定搭配A 介词+名词形式by accident 偶然onaccount of 因为，由于in addition 另外in addition to 除……之外(包括)in the air 在流行中，在传播中on (the/an) average 平均，一般来说on the basis of 根据，在……的基础上at (the) best 充其量，至多for the better 好转，改善on board 在船(车、飞机)上out of breath 喘不过气来on business 因公，因事in any case 无论如何，总之in case of 假使，万一in case 假如，以防(万一)，免得in no case 决不by chance 偶然，碰巧in charge (of) 负责，主管(a) round the clock 昼夜不停地in common 共享，共有，共同in conclusion 最后，总之on condition that 在……条件下in confidence 信任in connection with/to关于in consequence 因此，结果in consequence of 由于……的缘故on the contrary 反之，正相反in contrast with/to与……成对照out of control 失去控制under control 被控制住at all costs 不惜任何代价at the cost of 以……为代价in the course of 在……过程中，在……期间of course 当然，自然，无疑in danger 在危险中，垂危out of danger 脱离危险out of date 过期(时)的up to date 时新的in debt 欠债in detail 详细地in difficulties 处境困难in the distance 在远处off duty 下班on duty 值班，上班on earth 究竟，到底at all events 无论如何in any event 无论如何in effect 有效；实际上in the event of 万一，如果发生for example 例如with the exception of 除……之外in the face of 面对，不顾，即使in fact 其实，实际上on fire 烧着on foot 步行in force 有效；实施中in favo(u)r of 有利于，赞成，支持in front of 在……面前in (the) future 今后，将来on guard 警惕，防范in general 通常，大体上in half 成两半at hand 在手边，在附近from tip to toe 彻头彻尾，完全by hand 用手hand down to 往下传，传给(后代)hand in hand 手把手，携手in hand 在掌握中，在控制中on hand 在手边，临近on (the) one hand... 一方面……，on the other hand...另一方面……at heart 在内心；实质上by heart 牢记，凭记忆at home 在家，在国内；自在，自如in honor of 以纪念，向……表示敬意on one’s honor 以名誉担保in a hurry 匆忙地，立即for instance 例如，举例说at intervals 不时，时时at last 最终，终于at least 至少，最低限度in the least 一点，丝毫at length 终于，最后；详细地in the light of 按照，根据in line 成一直线，排成一行in line with 与……一致，按照at a loss 困惑，不知所措by all means 无论如何，必定by means of 借助于，用by no means 决不in memory of 纪念at the mercy of 在……支配下by mistake 错误地at the moment 现在，此刻for a moment 片刻，一会儿for the moment 现在，暂时in a moment 立刻，马上in nature 本质上on occasion 有时，不时in order 秩序井然，整齐in order to 以便，为了in order that 以便out of order 发生故障，失调on one’s own 独自地，独立地in particular 特别地，尤其，详细地in the past 在过去，以往in person 亲自in place 在适当的位置in place of 代替in the first place 起初，首先in the last place 最后out of place 不得其所的，不适当的on the point 即将……的时候to the point 切中要害，切题in practice 在实际中，实际上out of practice 久不练习，荒疏at present 目前，现在for the present 目前，暂时in proportion to (与……)成比例的in public 公开地，当众for (the) purpose of为了on purpose 故意，有意with the purpose of 为了in question 正在考虑at random 随意地，任意地at any rate 无论如何，至少by reason of 由于as regards 关于，至于with/in regard to 对于，就……而论in/with relation to 关系到with respect to 关于as a result 结果，因此as a result of 由于……的结果in return 作为报答，作为回报on the road 在旅途中as a rule 规章，规则；通常，照例in the long run 最终，从长远观点看for the sake of 为了……起见on sale 出售；贱卖on a large scale 大规模地on a small scale 小规模地in secret 秘密地，私下地in a sense 从某种意义上说in shape 处于良好状态on the side 作为兼职，额外at first sight 乍一看，初看起来in sight 被看到，在望out of sight 看不见，在视野之外in spite of 不管，不顾；尽管，虽然on the spot 当场，在现场in step 同步，合拍out of step 步调不一致，不协调in stock 现有，备有in sum 总而言之in tears 流着泪，含泪，哭in terms of 依据，按照；用……措词for one thing 首先，一则on the second thoughts经重新考虑，一转念at a time 每次，一次at no time 从不，决不at one time 同时，曾经，从前曾at the same time 但是，然而，同时at times 有时for the time being 目前，暂时from time to time 有时，不时in no time 立即，马上in time 及时，适时地on time 准时on top of 在……之上out of touch 失去联系in truth 事实上，实际上，的确on try 试穿by turns 轮流，交替地in turn 依次，轮流in vain 徒劳，无效a variety of 种种，各种by virtue of 由于by the way 顺便提一下，另外by way of 经由，通过……方式in a way 在某点，在某种程度上in no way 决不in the way of 妨碍in one’s/the way 妨碍，阻碍after a while 过了一会，不久for a while 暂时，一时on the whole 总的来说in a word 总而言之in other words 换句话说，也就是说at work 在工作，忙于out of work 失业in the world 到底，究竟B动词+名词形式have/gain access to 可以获得take...into account 考虑gain/have an advantageover胜过，优于pay the way for 为……铺平道路take advantage of 利用，趁……之机pay attention to 注意do/try one’s best 尽力，努力get the best of 胜过make the best of 充分利用，妥善处理get the better of 打败，致胜catch one’s breath 屏息，歇口气take care 小心，当心take care of 照顾，照料take a chance 冒险一试take charge of 担任，负责keep company with 与……交往take delight in 以……为乐with delight 欣然，乐意地make a/the difference 有影响，很重要carry/bring into effect 使生效，使起作用put into effect 实行，生效come/go into effect 生效，实施take effect 生效，起作用catch one’s eye 引人注目keep an eye on 留意，照看make faces 做鬼脸find fault 埋怨，挑剔catch fire 着火come/go into force 生效，实施make friends 交朋友，友好相处be friends with 对……友好，与……交上朋友make fun of 取笑，嘲弄keep one’s head 保持镇静lose one’s head 不知所措lose heart 丧失勇气，失去信心get/learn by heart 记住，背诵get hold of 抓住，掌握keep house 管理家务，做家务throw/cast light on 使明白，阐明bear/keep in mind 记住have in mind 记住，考虑到，想到m ake up one’s mind 下决心come/go into operation使投入生产，使运转put in order 整理，检修keep/hold pace with 跟上，与……同步play a part 起作用take place 发生，进行take the place of 代替come to the point 说到要点，扼要地说bring/carry into practice实施，实行make progress 进步，进展give rise to 引起，使发生make sense 讲得通，有意义catch the sight of 发现，突然看见(go) on the stage 当演员take one’s time 不急不忙，从容进行keep in touch 保持联系keep track 通晓事态，注意动向lose track 失去联系make use of 利用put to use 使用，利用give way 让路，让步lead the way 带路，引路make one’s way 前进，进行make way 让路，开路keep one’s word 遵守诺言act on 作用appeal to 呼吁，要求attempt at 企图，努力attitude to/towards 态度，看法a great/good deal of 大量(的)，许多(的) influence on 影响interference in 干涉interference with 妨碍，打扰introduce to 介绍a lot (of) 许多(的)，大量(的)lots of 大量，很多fall in love with 相爱，爱上a matter of (关于……)的问题a number of 若干，许多reply to 回答，答复a series of 一系列，一连串C其他固定搭配face to face 面对面地as a matter of fact 实际情况，真相little by little 逐渐地quite a little 相当多，不少no matter 无论the moment (that)一……就no more 不再fair play 公平竞赛；公平对待in demand 有需要，销路好side by side 肩并肩，一个挨一个heart and soul 全心全意step by step 逐步ahead of time 提前all the time 一直，始终once in a while 偶尔，有时no wonder 难怪，怪不得word for word 逐字地decline with thanks 婉言谢绝第二部分动词的固定搭配A动词+介词形式account for 说明(原因等)aim at 瞄准，针对allow for 考虑到appeal to 呼吁，要求arrive at 达成，得出ask after 询问，问候ask for 请求，要求attach to 附属于，隶属于begin with 从开始break into 闯入break off 断绝，结束break through 突破break up 中止，结束；打碎，折断bring about 带来，造成bring down 打倒，挫伤；降低bring forth 产生，提上bring forward 提出bring out 使出现；公布；出版bring up 教育，培养，使成长build up 积累；堵塞；树立，逐步建立；增进；锻炼call for 邀请；要求；需求call forth 唤起，引起；振作起，鼓起call off 放弃，取消catch at 抓住(东西)call on/upon 访问，拜访；号召，呼吁call up 召集，动员；打电话care for 照管，关心；喜欢，意欲carry off 夺去carry on 继续下去；从事，经营carry out 贯彻，执行；实现come to 总计，达到；苏醒，复原count on 依靠；期待，指望count up 把……相加cover up 掩饰，掩盖cut across 走快捷方式，抄近路deal with 处理，对付，安排do without 没有……也行fill in/out 填充，填写get at 得到，接近；意思是get into 进入，陷入go after 追求go into 进入；研究，调查go for 竭力想取得；喜爱；支持，拥护go through 经历，经受；详细检查go with 伴随，与……协调go without 没有……也行improve on 改进keep to 保持，坚持lie in 在于live up to 不辜负live on/by 靠……生活，以……为食live through 度过，经受过look after 照管，照料look at 看望，注视look for 寻找，寻求look into 调查，观察，过问；窥视look over 检查，查看，调查look through 仔细查看，浏览，温习make for 走向，驶向；有助于occur to 被想到，被想起play with 以……为消遣，玩弄refer to 参考，查阅，涉及，提到run for 竞选run into 撞上，偶然碰见see to 注意，负责，照料，修理send for 派人去请，召唤；索取send in 呈报，递交，送来serve as 作为，用作set aside 挑出，拨出，留出；拒绝sit for 参加stand by 支持，帮助；袖手旁观stand for 代替，代表，意味着stand against 反抗，抵抗stick to 坚持，忠于，信守take after 与……相像take for 把……认为是，把……看成是take in 接受，吸收；了解，理解take to 喜欢，亲近touch on 关系到，涉及turn into 变成turn to 变成；求助于，借助于turn off 关上；出产；解雇B动词+副词形式break down 损坏，分解，瓦解break in 闯入；打断，插嘴break out 逃出；突然发生，爆发bring to 使恢复知觉burn out 烧掉burn up 烧起来，旺起来；烧完catch on 理解，明白check in 办理登记手续check out 结账后离开；检验，核查check up (on) 校对，检查，检验cheer up 使高兴，使振奋clear away 扫除，收拾clear up 收拾；澄清；放晴make it clear that 弄清楚come off 实现，成功，奏效come on 请，来吧，快点；开始，出场，上演come out 出版；出现，显露；结果是come round (around) 来访，前来；苏醒，复原come through 经历，脱险come up 走近，上来；发生，被提出cross out 删去，取消cut back 削减，减少cut down 削减，降低cut in (汽车)抢道；插嘴，打断cut off 切断；删去；停止cut out 删除cut short 突然停止die down 渐渐消失，平息die out 消失，灭绝draw in (火车、汽车)到站draw up 写上，画上；草拟；停住dress up 穿上盛装，打扮得很漂亮drop by/in 顺便来访dry out 干透，使干dry up 干涸，枯竭drop off 减弱，减少drop out 退出，离队fall behind 落后fall out 争吵；结果是fall through 落空，失败feed in 输入find out 查明get across 解释清楚，使人了解get around/round 走动，旅行；(消息)传开get away 逃脱，离开get by 通过，经过get down 从……下来；写下get in 进入；收获，收集get off 从……下来；离开，动身，开始get over 克服；(从病中)恢复过来get through 结束，完成；接通电话have got to (do) 不得不，必须get together 集合，聚集get up 起床；增加，增强give away 泄露；分送give back 送还，恢复give in 交上；投降，屈服give off 放出，释放give out 分发，放出give up 停止，放弃go ahead 开始，前进；领先go by 过去go down 下降，降低；被载入，传下去go off 爆炸，发射；动身，离开go out 外出；熄灭go over 检查，审查；复习，重温go round/around 足够分配go under 下沉，沉没；失败；破产go through 通过，审查，完成go up 上升，增加；建起hand down 流传下来，传给，往下传hand in 交上，递交hand on 传下来，依次传递hand out 分发，散发，发给hand over 交出，移交，让与hang about 闲荡，徘徊，逗留hang back 犹豫，踌躇，畏缩hang on 抓紧不放；继续下去hang up 挂断(电话)have back 要回，收回have on 穿着，戴着hold back 踌躇，退缩；阻止，抑制hold on 继续，握住不放hold out 维持，支持；坚持，不屈服hold up 举起，阻挡，使停止；抢劫hurry up (使)赶快，迅速完成keep back 阻止，阻挡；隐瞒，保留keep down 控制，压制，镇压；压低keep off 不接近，避开keep up 保持，维持；继续，坚持let down 放下，降低；使失望let in 让……进入，放……进来let off 放(烟，烟火)，开(枪)let out 放掉，放出，发出line up 排队，使排成一行look back 回顾，回头看look out 留神，注意，提防，警惕look on 旁观，观看；看待，视作look up 查阅，查考；寻找(某人) look in 顺便看望make out 辨认，区分；理解，了解make out of 用……做，从……得出make up 构成，拼凑；弥补，赔偿；化装mix up 混淆，混合，搞胡涂pass away 去世，逝世pass off 中止，停止pass to 转到，讨论，传到pass out 失去知觉，昏倒pay back 偿还，回报pay off 还清(债)pay down 实时交付，用现金支付pay up 全部付清pick out 选出，挑出，拣出；辨认，辨别出pick up 拾起，(偶然)得到；(车船)中途搭(人)，学会pull down 拆毁，拉倒；拉下，降低pull in (车)停下，进站，船(到岸)pull off 脱(帽、衣)pull on 穿，戴pull out 拔出，抽出；(车、船)驶出pull together 齐心协力pull up (使)停下put across 解释清楚，说明put aside 储存，保留put away 放好，收好；储存put down 记下，放下；镇压，平定put forward 提出put in 驶进put on 穿上，戴上；上演；增加(体重)put out 熄灭，关(灯)；出版，发布；生产put right 改正(错误)，整理put up 提起，举起，提(价)；为……提供食宿，投宿ring off 挂断电话rub out 擦掉，拭去run down 撞倒，撞沉；追捕，追查run off 复印，打印run over 略读，略述；辗过，浏览，匆匆复习see off 给……送行see through 看穿，识破；干完，干到底set back 推迟，推迟，阻碍set down 卸下，放下，记下，记入set forth 阐明，陈述set off 出发，动身；引起，使发生set out 陈列，显示；动身，启程；制定set up 创立，建立，树立；资助，扶持show in 领入show off 炫耀，卖弄show up 使呈现，使醒目shut out 排除sit in 列席，旁听sit up 迟睡，熬夜speed up 使加速stand out 突出，显眼stand up 站起来，耐用step up 提高，加快，加紧step in 插入，介入stick out 伸出，突出；坚持到底，继续take away 消除；消耗take down 记下，写下take off 拿走，脱下；起飞take on 呈现；接纳，承担，从事take over 接管，接办take up 占据；开始；拿起，接收take up with 和……交往，忍受，采用think over 仔细考虑throw away 扔掉，抛弃touch up 润色，改进turn down 拧小，调低；拒绝turn in 交出，上缴；转身进入turn off 关掉，断开；拐弯，叉开turn on 接通，打开turn out 制造，生产；结果是turn over 翻过来；移交，转交turn up 开大；出现；来到；发生use up 用完，花完warm up 变热wear off 逐渐消失wear out 用破；耗尽，使精疲力竭while away 消磨(时间)wipe out 擦去，抹去；消灭，毁灭work out 解决，算出；弄懂，制定出work up 引起，激起；逐渐上升work on 从事于，努力做write off 报废，勾销，注销后接动名词的固定搭配aim at 目的在于，旨在；瞄准accuse...of... 控告；谴责depend on 取决于devote to 奉献，致力engage in 从事于，忙着；订婚feel like 欲，想要go on 继续；发生cannot/couldn’t help禁不住；不得不insist on 坚持keep from 使……不(做) keep on 继续不断，保持look forward to 盼望，期待persist in 坚持，持续prevent from 预防，防止put off 推迟，推延set about 开始，着手succeed in 成功thank for 感谢think of 想起，想到；想一想C其他固定搭配add up to 合计，总计make believe 假装break away (from) 脱离，逃跑catch up with 追上，赶上come true 实现，达到come up to 达到，符合come up with 提出，提供concern with 关心，挂念；从事于do away with 废除，去掉have something to dowith 和……有点关系have nothing to do with和……毫无关系fall back on 求助于，转而依靠fall in with 符合，与……一致be fed up with 感到厌烦as follows 如下get along/on with 有进展，有进步；生活得get through 到达，完成，及格get somewhere 有些结果get down to 开始，着手get out of 逃避，改掉get the better of 占上风，胜过have got 有give oneself away 泄露，露马脚give oneself up 自首，投降，投案give way to 给……让路，被……代替go along with 陪同前往，随行go back on 违背go in for 从事，致力于，追求go before 居前hang on to 紧握住，坚持下去have to/have got to 不得不，必须have to do with 与……有关help oneself 自取所需(食物)hold on to 紧紧抓住，坚持keep out of 躲开，置身……之外keep up with 向……看齐，跟上……lend itself to 适用于，对……有用let alone 不干涉；更不用说let loose 放开，放松，释放let go 放开，松手live up to 做到，不负look down on 看不起，轻视look up to 尊敬，敬仰be made up of 由……构成，由……组成make up for 补偿，弥补never mind 不要紧，没关系put in for 申请put up with 容忍，忍受refer to...as 把……称作，把……当做run out of 用完，用尽，耗尽serve right 活该，给应得的待遇set in 来临，流行set out to 打算，着手stand up for 为……辩护；维护stand up to 面对，坚决抵抗；经得起come to stay 木已成舟stay by 守在一边take...as 把……作为think of...as 把……看做是，以为……是think better of 改变主意，重新考虑throw about 乱丢(东西)，乱花(钱)throw down 推倒throw (a) light on 照亮，阐明第三部分形容词的固定搭配be about to (do) 即将，正要be absent from 缺勤，缺课be abundant in 富于，富有be accustomed to 习惯于be acquainted with与……相识，熟悉be active in 积极于be afraid of 恐怕，害怕，担忧be alive to 发觉，感觉，对……敏感be angry at 因某事生气be angry with 对……发怒be anxious about 担心，为……担忧be anxious for 急切盼望，渴望be anxious to (do) 渴望(做)be ashamed of 为……感到害臊be aware of 意识到be bad at 拙于，不善于be badly off 生活穷困be based on 根据，以……为基础be bent on 热恋于，一心想be beside oneself 忘乎所以be better off 处境较好，情况好转be born in 出生于……be born of 出生于……(家庭)be bound to (do) 一定会，不得不be buried in 沉思，陷入，专心于be burned out 住所被烧光be busy (doing) 忙着(做某事)be busy with 忙于……be busy about 忙于……be careful of 爱惜，注意be careful to (do) 务必注意(做)be certain to (do) 一定(做)，必然(做)be capable of 能够be confident in 对……有信心be characterized by 以……为特征be clever at 擅长于be combined with 与……结合be composed of 由……组成be concerned about 关心，挂念be connected with与……有关be coupled with 与……配合be covered with 被……覆盖be crowded with 挤满，拥塞be curious to (do) 很想(做)be dependent on/upon 取决于，依赖be derived from 由……得到be determined to (do) 决心(做)be different from 与……不同be divided by 被……除以be divided into 被分成be eager for 渴望be eager to (do) 急于要(做)be engaged in 忙于，从事于be equal to 等于be famous for 以……著名be fed up 因多而厌烦be filled with 充满be fit for 适合，胜任be fond of 喜欢，爱好be free from 没有……的，不受……影响的be friendly to 对……友好be frightened at 受……惊吓be glad to (do) 乐于(做)，对……感到高兴be good at (doing) 善于，擅长be good for 适于，在……期间有效be grateful to 感谢，感激be identified as 被认为是be independent of 脱离……而独立，与……无关be indispensable for对……必不可少的be interested in 对……感兴趣be involved in 包括……中，被卷入be involved with 涉及be kind enough to (do) 承……好意，恳请be known as 被称作……，以……著称be known to 为……所熟知be late for 迟到be likely to (do) 可能要，像是要be mad about 迷恋be made from 由……制成(化学变化)be made of 由……制成(物理变化)be made up of 由……组成be mixed up 混杂，混在一起be obliged to (do) 被迫(做某事)be obliged to...for...因……而感激be well off 生活富裕be pleased to (do) 乐于be pleased with 对……感到满意be popular with 得人心的，受……欢迎的be possessed of 具有，拥有be prepared for 做……打算；对……做好准备be present at 出席be proud of 以……自豪，因……感到满意be provided with 装备有be ready to (do) 装备好(做)；乐意(做)be ready for 为……准备好be regarded as 被认为是，被当做是be rich in 富于be rid of 除去，摆脱get rid of 摆脱，除掉be satisfied with 对……满意，满足于be second to 次于be short for 是……的缩写(简称)be short of 短缺be sick for 渴望be sick in bed 病在床上be sick of 对……感到厌倦be sorry for 对……感到抱歉be strict with 对……要求严格be suited to 适合于be supposed to (do) 应该，非……不可be sure of 坚信，确信be sure to (do) 一定，必定be surprised at 对……感到惊奇be taken aback 吃惊be taken by surprise 被突袭be terrified at 被……吓一跳be lost in thought 沉思be through with 结束be tired from 因……而疲乏be tired of 厌烦；对……厌倦be tired out 疲倦极了be torn open 被撕开be true of 适用于be unconscious of 不知道……be unequal to 无法胜任……的be unfit for 不适合，不胜任be united as one 团结一致be used as 被……用作be used to 习惯于get used to 习惯于be useful to 对……有用be well up in 精通，熟悉be wild with joy 欣喜若狂be willing to (do) 乐意……be worried about 为……而担心be worse off 处境较坏，情况恶化be worth (doing) 值得(做)。

2016考研英语英译汉：长难句常备翻译技巧 - 副本

2016考研英语英译汉：长难句常备翻译技巧在2016考研英语英译汉翻译中，长难句是考察的重点，我们正确理解句子之后，往往在翻译过的程中变得手足无措。

这是因为英文和汉语的行文方式不同，英文是主谓式结构，而汉语是主题性语言。

因此我们在翻译过程中需要抓住要描述的主题，这样就可以将翻译化繁为简。

英译汉两大方法：分起总叙和总起分叙由于英语的连词、关系代词、关系副词等虚词比较多、生成能力强，可构成并列句、复合句以及它们的组合形式，所以长句子和句子嵌套现象在英语中是比较多见的。

嵌套罗列而成的英语长句确实给理解和翻译都带来了一定困难，但是只要抓住了句子中各个小句和短语之间的逻辑语法关系进行分析，句子的理解和翻译难题就迎刃而解了。

根据句子阐述的内容和汉语的思维习惯，采用分起总叙或总起分叙翻译法翻译即可。

总起分叙，就是先把句子的主干译出，然后分别译出其它说明部分，即先归纳后叙述；分起总叙，就是先叙述后总结。

下面我们看一个例子。

But everybody knows Obama needs a liberal to stop the court from moving further to the right than it already has under John Roberts, the present chief justice, a man more stealth-bomber than aircraft-carrier, whose professions of judicial modesty during his own confirmation hearings in 2005 gave little inkling of the controversial decisions over which he has since presided.由于句子较长，不好翻译，我们先找出主题词。

主题词为涉及信息量比较多的内容即John Roberts。

2016考研英语：如何有效记忆词汇

2016考研英语：如何有效记忆词汇广大考生请注意：为了帮助广大考生顺利通过2016年研究生入学考试，勤思考研隆重推出考研公共课（政治和英语）的全面辅导，为你扫除考研道路上的一切障碍。

我们会在第一时间为广大考生搜集整理2016年考研英语复习资料及相关信息，敬请大家关注！九层之台，起于垒土。

考试若想成功，打好基础最重要。

那么考研英语的基础是什么呢?没错，就是让无数同学头疼不已的单词。

勤思考研辅导老师现在就跟广大考生分享一些有效记忆单词的方法，希望能帮助大家赢在起点。

一、词根词缀构词法以这种方式构成的单词其意义多跟词根本身的意义有关。

如“spec/spic-”这个词根的本意是“to look”，也就是“看”，而由它派生出的词如despise，”de-”是down，也就是向下的意思，再加上spise构成的这个词就是向下看的意思，再引申下去就是“鄙视、看不起”的意思。

由这个词根派生出的词还有inspect和perspective等，其含义分别为“检查”和“看法”，都与看有关。

所以如果你能掌握词根词缀的含义，遇到不认识的词，其含义也能猜个八九不离十。

二、联想记忆英语的词与词并不是毫无关联，互相独立存在的。

在遇到一个新词，看到它的含义后，可以想想之前有没有遇到过意思或作用相似的词，即这个词的同义词。

如ingredient的意思是“a part of something”,与它意思相近的词有component，element，factor等。

这样一来，在记忆一个单词的时候，我们实际上对之前学过的与之同义的其他单词也进行了巩固和复习。

三、注重搭配把单词和语境分开孤立地记忆既不科学也不高效。

很多同学捧着厚厚的词汇书背来背去到考试的时候还是理解不了文章的意思。

所以死背单词不如多读例句，仔细体会该词在句中的含义，并且观察它的前后搭配。

如“accuse”这个词是控告、职责的意思，但如果你不知道它的用法是“accuse sb. of sth.”, 那这句话可能就有些难以理解了：“It is recognition of compassion’s part that leads the up-holders of capital punishment to accuse the abolitionists of sentimentality in being more sorry for the murderer than for his victim.”你可能会好奇句中“of”后面的是什么成分，整句话又是什么意思。

2016年考研英语单词记忆法

2016年考研英语单词记忆法就像汉语的学习一样，英语的学习也要从最基本的单词入手，然而这由二十六个字母构成的世界对于很多人而言，却是痛苦的地狱，常常听到考研的勇士们在抱怨着单词记忆的困难，于我心有戚戚焉。

在此，特将收集到的种种记忆方法一一列出，以供考研的勇士们借用，在众多的记忆方法中总有适合你的。

1.过滤法这是一种宏观的方法，有助于在记忆的过程中不断地加强自己的信心，在漫长而痛苦的战斗中，这种量化的前进能够很好鼓励自己，让自己知道正一步一步地走向胜利。

(具体的过滤法描述见《2004考研英语复习攻略》)2.联想记忆法(1)对某一个具体单词来讲，其左侧可能纵向添加一个、两个、三个甚至更多的字母组成新词。

例如：agile敏捷的——vagile漫游的;lack缺乏——black黑色的——slack松弛;light点燃——alight燃着的——blight枯萎——flight飞行——slight微微的(2)一般来说，对某一个具体实施加一联想时，被添加一个字母的单词，其读音不变，但要注意个别单词的读音变化。

例如：love爱情——glove手套——clove丁香love——glove读音不变，但是love——clove的读音就有变化。

(3)有些单词从表面上看似乎并不能实施加一联想，但是进行词汇的运动记忆之后方可实施加一联想。

例如：cut(切)——cute(美丽的)——acute(急性的)(4)有些单词实施加一联想之后，可能再分别对形成的新词添加字母增加词汇。

例如：addle腐烂变质的——waddle摇摇摆摆地走路——swaddle束缚——twaddle废话(5)加二联想，就是在一个已知词的前方或左侧，通过添加英语26个字母中的某两个字母或由某两个字母组成的前缀的方法增加词汇，强化记忆，扩展词汇量。

添加字母：flection屈折——reflection反射;倒影fraction分数——refraction折射red红色的——shred碎片rob抢劫——throb跳动添加前缀：normal正常的——abnormal不正常的noble高贵的——ignoble卑鄙的direct直接的——indirect间接的usual平常的——unusual不平常的(6)加多联想，就是在一个已知词的前方或左侧，通过添加三个以上字母或由三个字母以上组成的前缀的方法增加词汇，强化记忆，扩展词汇量。

从2016年翻译真题谈翻译做题方法

从2016年翻译真题谈翻译做题方法来源:智阅网今年的考研英语一翻译与2015年考研翻译试题相比，难度倒是有所下降，但是从历年考生答题的情况看，英译汉部分得分几乎每年都是3-4分。

英译汉之所以难，究其原因是英语和汉语之间的差异太大。

既有语言表达方式方面的不同，又有思维逻辑以及文化习俗等方面的不同。

这些都造成了理解和表达上的重重困难。

要解决考研翻译，首先我们要看一下考研翻译的评分标准：贴一个考研翻译评分的细则，英译汉评分标准说明。

1.如果句子译文扭曲原文意思，该句得分最多不得超过0.5分。

注意，遇到不会的词，宁可不翻译，也不要乱翻译。

2.如果考生给出两种或两种以上的译法，若均正确，给分;若其中一种译法错误，不给分。

3.汉语错别字，不个别扣分，按整篇累计扣分。

在不影响意思的前提下，满三个错别字扣0.5分。

接下来我们在看一下我们的做题时间：一篇翻译用20分钟，每个句子4分钟，读一遍英文句子就要半分钟，落笔写字要半分钟，剩下的三分钟，你要分析清楚这个句子的复杂结构，并且还要把你认识的词用通顺的语言连接起来，试问四分钟完成这些任务，你压力大么?但是说了半天咱们一直没有切入主题，这么难的东西，有办法吗?——当然有!下面我们说一下遇到一道翻译题应该怎么做。

第一步：用“/”符号，在句子上画出来句子的结构。

你的试题卷是可以随便划的，答题卡保持整洁，这个放心。

什么样的结构要划?主句与从句的分界线划开，把修饰的部分分开。

有以下几类词，连词，关系词，分词和标点符号。

目的是把基本的句子结构，凸现出来。

因为考研翻译是按部分给分的，写对一部分给一部分的分。

第二步：翻译主干内容什么叫主干内容?去掉从句的内容，去掉一切修饰成分的内容。

就是主谓宾，主系表，哪几种简单句。

什么从句、形容词、同位语先都不管。

这样主句内容翻译对了，每句话会给0.5分，五句话，这样咱们就3分到手了(2.5=3)评分细则中说 1.如果句子译文扭曲原文意思，该句得分最多不得超过0.5分。

2016年考研英语大纲翻译部分深度解析

2016年考研英语大纲翻译部分深度解析纵观往年英语(一)考研翻译试题，我们发现命题者有一个非常清楚的或者非常明显的趋势和导向，就是对于比较难和复杂的句子结构和文章的考查是加大比重了。

这个体现在我们各个部分的题型当中，尤其以英译汉部分最为明显。

这个也反映出我们的命题者在考虑到各位同学在进入研究生学习之后需要接触大量的专业英语材料，这些材料的特点就是语言结构比较复杂，所以在考研当中考查考生对复杂语言结构和复杂长难句的理解能力就成为了最近几年考试非常明显的特点和趋势。

接下来，跨考教育英语教研室王坤老师就为考生深度解析考研英语的翻译部分。

考研翻译部分的总体要求是“译文准确、完整、通顺”，这与翻译的一般标准“忠实而通顺”是基本一致的。

“准确、完整”就是要“忠实”于原文，把原文的内容完整而准确地表达出来，不能对原文做任意的增加或删减。

“通顺”，指的是译文的语言要逻辑通顺，符合汉语的语言文字规范，没有明显的“翻译腔”根据2016年大纲，2016年的翻译部分没有明显变化，依旧考查在准确理解的基础上，按照英语语法结构拆分句子，准确、通顺翻译汉语的能力。

翻译考点不变，主要考点还是包含对定语从句、状语从句等翻译的考查。

考生只需按照自己原有的复习计划进行就可以，考英语(一)的考生不必为翻译作任何复习计划的调整。

从语言知识来看，新大纲中，对词汇的掌握和去年大纲要求完全一致，“考生应能掌握5500左右的词汇以及相关词组。

除掌握词汇的基本含义外，考生还应掌握词汇之间的词义关系，如同义词、近义词、反义词等；掌握词汇之间的搭配关系，如动词与介词，形容词与介词，形容词与名词等；掌握词汇生成的基本知识，如词源、词根、词缀等。

”这种具体要求主要体现在对词汇的微观掌握和记忆上：词汇基本知识（词性、词形、本义和引申义等）；词际关系（同义词、反义词、形近词，动词与介词、动词与副词、形容词与介词、形容词与名词等词汇搭配关系）；词汇“背景”（词源、词根、词干、词缀）。

2016年英语考研翻译技巧：拆分与组合

2016年英语考研翻译技巧：拆分与组合关于英语考研，翻译题如何用汉语简洁明确的表达出来，对于基础知识很薄弱的同学来说真的是很难。

下面向大家介绍一种翻译的方法---拆分与组合。

希望它可以帮助基础知识薄弱的同学，取得好成绩。

一、理解英语原文，拆分语法结构英语语言具有“形合”的特点，也就是说，英语句子无论多少复杂，都是通过一些语法手段和逻辑手段连接起来的像葡萄藤一样的结构。

所以，在理解英语句子的时候，理解并拆分句子的语法结构和逻辑结构也就自热而然的成为了解题的突破口。

在考研翻译中，所有的句子基本上都是结构复杂的长难句，理清句子的结构层次就显得至关重要。

在翻译句子之前，要先通读全句，一边读一边拆句子的语法结构。

怎么拆分呢?英语英语的语法结构和逻辑结构比较明显，在理解句子的时候，可以把主句和从句拆分出来，或者把主干和修饰部分拆分出来。

更具体的来说，就是通过寻找下面的一些“信号词”来对英语句子进行拆分，从而更加有效的理解英语原文。

拆分原则：主句与从句拆开，主干部分与修饰部分拆开。

拆分信号词：1. 连词，包括and ,or, but ,yet, for等连接并列句的并列连词，以及when，as ,since, after, because, where, though, so that 等连接状语从句的连接词。

2. 关系词，包括连接名词性从句或定语从句的who, whom, whose, what, that ,which, 等关系代词以及when，where，why ，how等关系副词。

3. 介词，on, with, at, of, to 等介词常常引导介词短语作修饰成分，也是理解句子的拆分点。

4. 不定式符号to，不定式常常构成不定式短语作句子的定语或状语成分，可以是拆分点。

5. 分词，过去分词和现在分词也往往在句子中做修饰成分，可以拆开。

6. 标点符号，标点符号常常隔开一个句子的主干和修饰成分，也是一个明显的拆分点。

2016考研英语翻译常用技巧

2016考研英语翻译常用技巧由于英汉两种语言在思维方式和表达习惯上的差异，我们在英译汉时，有时要根据句法上、意义上或修辞上的需要增加一些词、短语或句子，把原文中暗含而没有明言的意思补充表达出来，以使汉语译文能够更准确地表达出原文的意思，并且更符合汉语的表达习惯。

这就是增译法。

具体说来，在考研英语的长难句翻译中，增译法主要是用于翻译一些由动词或形容词派生出来的抽象名词，在翻译这些名词时我们需要根据上下文在后面增加适当的名词，使汉语表达更地道。

比如，“tension，evaporation，fault-finding，measure，segregation，arrogance”等词翻译时均需增译为“紧张局势、蒸发作用、吹毛求疵的作用、衡量标准、隔离措施、自满情绪”。

有时，我们还需要将英语原句中暗含的逻辑关系增译出来。

下面我们以真题为例来具体说明增译法的运用。

While comment and reaction from lawyers may enhance stories, it is preferable for journalists to rely on their own notions of significance and make their own judgments.(2007.50)本句不仅考查了考生们对于“while引导的让步状语从句”和“it作形式主语句型”这两个语法结构的识别和翻译，还考查了大家对于单词“stories”的僻义“新闻报道”、“notion，概念、看法”以及“preferable，更好的、更可取的、更难能可贵的”的释义的掌握。

把握了这些知识点，考生可以就把原文的基本意思传达出来，即译为“尽管来自于律师的评论和反应可能提高新闻报道，对于记者来说，更难能可贵的是依赖于他们自己关于重要性的概念，并作出自己的判断。

”但该译文只是实现了“完整、准确”的要求，若想使译文继续达到“通顺”的评分标准，得到满分2分，就需要考生掌握增译法。

2016年考研英语二解析：翻译

2016届全国硕⼠研究⽣⼊学统⼀考试英语（⼆）考试⼤纲于2015年9⽉18⽇与各位考⽣见⾯。

其中，翻译部分与2015届全国硕⼠研究⽣⼊学统⼀考试英语（⼆）考试⼤纲相⽐，⽆明显变化。

下⾯就⼤纲中对翻译部分的考查要求与规定进⾏详细解析，以便考⽣在复习翻译时⽅向更加明确，⽬标更加清晰，内容更有针对性。

希望对考⽣的复习有所帮助。

⼀、⼤纲内容：考查考⽣理解所给英语语⾔材料并将其译成汉语的能⼒。

要求译⽂准确、完整、通顺。

要求考⽣阅读、理解长度为150词左右的⼀个或⼏个英语段落，并将其全部译成汉语。

考⽣在答题卡2上作答。

共15分。

⼆、考查标准解析： 1．准确--忠实于原⽂。

对原⽂的准确理解是⼀篇优质译⽂的前提。

要求译⽂内容不能与原⽂所表达的内容有出⼊或相违背，否则⼀定会影响译⽂得分。

评分标准中要求，如果句⼦译⽂明显扭曲原⽂意思，该句得分最多不得超过0.5分。

2．通顺--译⽂符合汉语表达习惯。

在准确理解原⽂的前提下，把所理解的译⽂按照中⽂的表达习惯，表达出来。

译成汉语后，译⽂⼀定要读得懂，读得通。

3．完整--⽆漏译。

要求考⽣对原⽂的内容完整地进⾏翻译，不得有遗漏。

如有遗漏，评卷⽼师会酌情减分。

注：若不完整，译出的部分可给分。

三、考查内容： 1、专有名词、词组和多义词的翻译；专有名词、词组和多义词是翻译中对词考查的重要内容。

翻译时，⾼频专有名词，按照约定俗成的⽅法翻译；⾮的专有名词，采取⾳译或⾳译+括号英⽂的⽅法翻译；不熟悉的专有名词，直接照抄英⽂即可。

词组的翻译需要考⽣注意平时的积累，理解和熟记。

多义词词义的选择可根据语境联系上下⽂猜测词义；根据词根词缀选择猜测⽣词的词义；根据汉语的习惯搭配来翻译。

2、翻译策略运⽤: 词义选择+语序调整；考研翻译中重点考查学⽣在不同语境中对词义的理解，以及语义组合和语⾔表达的准确性和通顺性。

因此，在翻译时，学⽣要注意不同语境中词义的选择，表达的译⽂要符合汉语的表达习惯和中国⼈的逻辑思维习惯。

2016考研英语翻译冲刺攻略

2016考研英语翻译冲刺攻略单词似曾相识但无法成文——难点词义会推导句子支离破碎却毫不通顺——长句语序会调整一、难点词义会推导词汇是备考考研英语翻译的基础和重中之重。

认识翻译句子中的每个单词，是考生拿到高分的最基本前提。

然而，对于考研英语大纲中给出的五千多个单词，多数考生在准备时感到很茫然，不知该如何记忆。

从历年翻译题目中看出翻译很少有生僻词，重点应该是词汇的一词多义、词性转换、词义引申、词组搭配等，即考生要在词汇的纵深上下工夫。

针对这一点，老师给大家提出几点建议：第一，将近10年翻译真题中出现过的单词强化记忆考研翻译的单词是有相当高的重复出现率的。

比如justify这个词经考过三次：2011-48，2012-47，2013-50。

(2011-48) This seems ajustificationfor neglect of those in need.此处justification需要进行词性转化，译文“为……辩护；证明……合理”译文：这似乎是在为忽视贫困者的行为作辩护。

(2012-47) Here, Darwinism seems to offerjustification, for if all humans share common origins, it seems reasonable to suppose that cultural diversity could also be traced to more constrained beginnings.此处justification可直译为合理化的解释；理由。

译文：在此，达尔文似乎给出了合理化的解释，这是因为如果整个人类有相同的起源，那么我们就有理由认为，文化的多样性同样也可以追溯到更为具体的开端。

(2013-50) It is this implicit or explicit reference to nature that fullyjustifiesthe use of the word garden, though in a “liberated” sense, to describe these synthetic constructions.此处justify在宾语the use of word garden的指导下，翻译为“证实…是合理的；证明”。

2016考研英语：“搭配记忆”法巧解英译汉(02.04)

2016考研英语：“搭配记忆”法巧解英译汉（02.04）我们之前说过，复习考研英语要注重真题，在记忆词汇和练习阅读理解、翻译题的时候要结合真题做搭配记忆，并辅以相应的练习，下面我们就以真题为例，从中摘取出容易出现的考点，让2016的考生更深刻地领会“搭配记忆”法。

【相关真题】1.①In 1924 America’s National Research Council sent two engineers to supervisea series of industrial experiments at a telephone-parts factory called the Hawthorne Plant near Chicago.②It hoped they would learn how shop-floor lighting affected workers’ productivity.③Instead, the studies ended up giving their name to the “Hawthorne effect,”the extremely influential idea the very act of being experimented upon changed subjects’ behavior.2.①The idea arose because of the perplexing behavior of the women in the plant.②According to accounts of the experiments, their hourly output rose when lighting was increased, but also when it was dimmed.【高频考点】1.监督一系列的工业实验：supervise a series of industrial experiments2.影响工人生产率：affect workers productivity3.这些研究最终命名为“XKF”：the studies ended up giving their name to XKF4.观点出现：the idea arose5.非常重要的观点：the extremely influential idea6.令人困惑的行为：the perplexing behavior7.每小时的产出：hourly output8.根据实验的描述：according to accounts of the experiments【翻译练习】1.①In 1924 America’s National Research Council sent two engineers to supervisea series of industrial experiments at a telephone-parts factory called the Hawthorne Plant near Chicago.结构提示：called the Hawthorne Plant near Chicago作factory的后置定语。

2016年考研英语：经典段落中的经典搭配

经典段落⼀ Think of those fleeting moments when you look out of an aeroplane window and realize that you are a bird. Now think of your laptop, thinner than a brown-paper envelope, or your cellphone in the palm of your hand. Take a moment or two to wonder at those marvels. You are the lucky inheritor of a dream come true。

The second half of the 20th century saw a collection of geniuses,warriors, entrepreneurs and visionaries labour to create a fabulous machine that could function as a typewriter and printing press, studio and theatre , paintbrush and gallery ,piano and radio, the mail as well as the mail carrier。

【经典段落中的经典搭配】稍纵即逝的瞬间： fleeting moments 腾出⼀点时间做某事 take a moment or two to do something 感叹这些神奇 wonder at those marvels 幸运的继承者 lucky inheritor 20世纪涌现出的某⼈或某事 the 20th century saw somebody or something ⼀⼤批天才、勇⼠、实业家以及梦想家 a collection of geniuses,warriors, entrepreneurs and visionaries labour 经典段落⼆ But for all the reasons there are to celebrate the computer, we must also act with caution. This is because the networked computer has sparked a secret war between downloading and uploading --between passive consumption and active creation--whose outcome will shape our collective future in ways we can only begin to imagine. I call it a secret war for two reasons. First , most people do not realize that here are strong commercial agendas at work to keep them in passive consumption mode. Second , the majority of people who use networked computers to upload are not even aware of the significance of what they are doing。

2016年考研英语二翻译真题解析和译文

2016年考研英语二翻译真题解析和译文2016年研究生考试已经结束，大家可以核对真题及答案，进行估分了。

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更多考研信息请关注我们网站的更新!2016年考研英语二翻译真题解析和译文试题来源：《国家地理》National Geographic原文标题：Surviving the Sneaky Psychology of Supermarkets 文章主题：超市购物的心理学发表时间：2015年6月15日文章字数：146字，算历年字数较少的一年原文和逐句对照译文The supermarket is designed to lure customers into spending as much time as possible within its doors. The reason for this is simple: The longer you stay in the store, the more stuff you’ll see, and the more stuff you see, the more you’ll buy. And supermarkets contain a lot of stuff. The average supermarket, according to the Food Market Institute, carries some 44,000 different items, and many carry tens of thousands more. The sheer volume of available choice is enough to send shoppers into a state of information overload. According to brain-scan experiments, the demands of so much decision-making quickly become too much for us. After about 40 minutes of shopping, most people stop struggling to be rationally selective, and instead began shopping emotionally—which is the point at which we accumulate the 50 percent of stuff in our cart that we never intended buying.逐句对照译文：The supermarket is designed to lure customers into spendingas much time as possible within its doors.超市旨在吸引顾客在店里停留尽量长的时间。