CMMI中英文术语对照表
CMMI中有关定义及英文缩写说明
CMMI中有关定义及英文缩写说明一、英文缩写说明●能力成熟度模型集成CMMI:Capability Maturity Model Integration ●通用目标GG:Generic Goals●特定目标SG:Specific Goals●通用实践GP:Generic Practices●特定实践SP:Specific Practices●过程域PA:Process Area●需求管理REQM:Requirement Management●项目策划PP:Project Planning●项目监督和控制PMC:Project Monitoring and ControlPlanning●供方协定管理SAM:Supplier Agreement Management●测量和分析MA:Measurement and Analysis●过程和产品质量保证PPQA:Process and Product Quality Assurance ●配置管理CM:Configuration Management●需求开发RD:Requirement Development●技术解决TS:Technical Solution●产品集成PI:Product Integration●验证VER:Verification●确认VAL:Validation●组织过程聚焦OPF:Organization Process Focus●组织过程定义OPD:Organization Process Definition●组织培训OT:Organization Training●集成项目管理IPM:Integration Project Management●风险管理RSKM:Risk Management●决策分析和决定DAR:Decision Analysis and Resolution●质量保证QA:Quality Assurance●项目经理PM:Project Manager●软件工程过程组SEPG:Software engineering process group●过程改进指导描述PIID:Process Improvement Indicator Description●SCAMPI:Appraisal Method for Process Improvement(CMMI中评估过程改进的一种方法)二、定义●共利益者(Stakeholder):所谓“共利益者”,指的是受到某种负责产生输出的方式影响的群体或个人。
CMMI for Service 中英文对照 SG and SP简略实践列表
SCON持续服务SERVICE CONTINUITYSG1 识别必要的服务依赖SG1 Identify Essential Service DependenciesSP1.1 识别和排列必要的功能SP1.1 Identify and Prioritize Essential FunctionsSP1.2 识别和排列必要的资源SP1.2 Identify and Prioritize Essential ResourcesSG2 准备持续服务SG2 Prepare for Service ContinuitySP2.1 建立持续服务计划SP2.1 Establish Service Continuity PlansSP2.2 建立持续服务培训SP2.2 Establish Service Continuity TrainingSP2.3 提供和评估持续服务培训SP2.3 Provide and Evaluate Service Continuity TrainingSG3 验证和确认持续服务计划SG3 Verify and Validate the Service Continuity PlanSP3.1 准备验证和确认持续服务计划SP3.1 Prepare for the Verification and Validation of the Service Continuity Plan SP3.2 验证和确认持续服务计划SP3.2 V erify and Validate the Service Continuity PlanSP3.3 分析验证和确认的结果SP3.3 Analyze Results of Verification and ValidationCAM能力与有效性管理CAPACITY AND A V AILABILITY MANAGEMENTSG1准备能力与有效性管理SG1 Prepare for Capacity and Availability ManagementSP1.1建立能力与有效性管理策略SP1.1 Establish a Capacity and Availability Management StrategySP1.2选择度量项和分析技术SP1.2 Select Measures and Analytic TechniquesSP1.3建立服务系统代表SP1.3 Establish Service System RepresentationsSG2监督和分析能力与有效性SG2 Monitor and Analyze Capacity and AvailabilitySP2.1监督和分析能力SP2.1 Monitor and Analyze CapacitySP2.2监督和分析有效性SP2.2 Monitor and Analyze AvailabilitySP2.3汇报能力与有效性管理数据SP2.3 Report Capacity and Availability Management DataSD服务交付SERVICE DELIVERYSG1 建立服务协议SG1 Establish Service AgreementsSP1.1 分析当前服务协议和数据SP1.1 Analyze Existing Agreements and Service DataSP1.2 建立服务协议SP1.2 Establish the Service AgreementSG2 准备服务交付SG2 Prepare for Service DeliverySP2.1 建立服务交付方法SP2.1 Establish the Service Delivery ApproachSP2.2 准备服务系统运行SP2.2 Prepare for Service System OperationsSP2.3 建立请求管理系统SP2.3 Establish a Request Management SystemSG3 交付服务SG3 Deliver ServicesSP3.1 接受和处理服务请求SP3.1 Receive and Process Service RequestsSP3.2 运行服务系统SP3.2 Operate the Service SystemSP3.3 维持服务系统SP3.3 Maintain the Service SystemSST服务系统转变SERVICE SYSTEM TRANSITIONSG1 准备服务系统转变SG1 Prepare for Service System TransitionSP1.1 分析服务系统转变需要SP1.1 Analyze Service System Transition NeedsSP1.2 开发服务系统转变计划SP1.2 Develop Service System Transition PlansSP1.3 动员相关共利益者参与变革SP1.3 Prepare Stakeholders for ChangesSG2 部署服务系统SG2 Deploy the Service SystemSP2.1 部署服务系统组件SP2.1 Deploy Service System ComponentsSP2.2 分析和控制转变影响SP2.2 Assess and Control the Impacts of the TransitionIRP事故解决与预防INCIDENT RESOLUTION AND PREVENTIONSG1 准备事故解决与预防SG1 Prepare for Incident Resolution and PreventionSP1.1 为事故解决与预防建立一个渠道SP1.1 Establish an Approach to Incident Resolution and Prevention SP1.2 建立事故管理系统SP1.2 Establish an Incident Management SystemSG2识别、控制和解决事故SG2 Identify, Control, and Address IncidentsSP2.1识别和记录事故SP2.1 Identify and Record IncidentsSP2.2分析事故数据SP2.2 Analyze Incident DataSP2.3 解决事故SP2.3Resolve IncidentsSP2.4 监督事故状态直到关闭SP2.4 Monitor the Status of Incidents to ClosureSP2.5 报告事故的状态SP2.5 Communicate the Status of IncidentsSG3 分析和解决所选择的事故的原因和影响SG3 Analyze and Address Causes and Impacts of Selected Incidents SP3.1 分析所选择的事故SP3.1Analyze Selected IncidentsSP3.2 策划方案来应对未来的事故SP3.2Establish Solutions to Respond to Future IncidentsSP3.3 建立和应用方案来降低事故发生率SP3.3Establish and Apply Solutions to Reduce Incident OccurrenceSTSM战略服务管理STRA TEGIC SERVICE MANAGEMENTSG1 为标准服务建立战略需要和计划SG1 Establish Strategic Needs and Plans for Standard ServicesSP1.1 收集和分析相关数据SP1.1 Gather and Analyze Relevant DataSP1.2 建立标准服务的计划SP1.2 Establish Plans for Standard ServicesSG2 建立标准服务SG2 Establish Standard ServicesSP2.1 建立标准服务和水平的特性SP2.1 Establish Properties of Standard Services and Service Levels SP2.2 建立标准服务的描述SP2.2 Establish Descriptions of Standard ServicesSSD服务系统开发SERVICE SYSTEM DEVELOPMENTSG1 开发和分析相关共利益者需求SG1 Develop and Analyze Stakeholder RequirementsSP1.1开发共利益者需求SP1.1 Develop Stakeholder RequirementsSP1.2开发服务系统需求SP1.2 Develop Service System RequirementsSP1.3分析和确认需求SP1.3 Analyze and Validate RequirementsSG2 开发服务系统SG2 Develop Service SystemsSP2.1选择服务系统解决方法SP2.1 Select Service System SolutionsSP2.2开发设计SP2.2 Develop the DesignSP2.3保证接口兼容性SP2.3 Ensure Interface CompatibilitySP2.4执行服务系统设计SP2.4 Implement the Service System DesignSP2.5 集成服务系统组件SP2.5 Integrate Service System ComponentsSG3 验证和确认服务系统SG3 Verify and Validate Service SystemsSP3.1 准备验证和确认SP3.1 Prepare for V erification and ValidationSP3.2 执行同行评审SP3.2 Perform Peer ReviewsSP3.3 验证所选择的服务系统组件SP3.3 V erify Selected Service System ComponentsSP3.4确认服务系统SP3.4 V alidate the Service SystemREQM需求管理Requirements ManagementSG1 Manage RequirementsSG1管理需求SP1.1 obtain an understanding of requirementsSP1.1获得对需求的理解SP1.2 obtain commitment to requirementsSP1.2获得对需求的承诺SP1.3 manage requirements changesSP1.3管理需求变更SP1.4 maintain bidirectional traceability of requirementsSP1.4维护需求的双向溯源性SP1.5 Ensure Alignment Between Work Products and Requirements SP1.5识别工作与需求的不一致性WP工作策划Work PlanningSG1 establish estimatesSG1建立估算值SP1.1 Establish the Service StrategySP1.1建立服务策略SP1.2 estimate the scope of the workSP1.2估计工作范围SP1.3 Establish Estimates of Work Product and Task AttributesSP1.3建立工作产品和属性的估计值SP1.4 define lifecycleSP1.4定义生命周期SP1.5 determine estimates of effort and cost SP1.5确定工作量和成本的估计值SG2 develop a work planSG2拟订工作计划SP2.1 establish the budget and schedule SP2.1确定预算和进度SP2.2 identify risksSP2.2识别风险SP2.3 plan for data managementSP2.3策划数据管理SP2.4 plan the resourcesSP2.4策划资源SP2.5 plan for needed knowledge and skills SP2.5策划必要的知识和技能SP2.6 plan stakeholder involvementSP2.6策划共利益者介入SP2.7 establish the work planSP2.7拟订工作计划SG3 obtain commitment to the planSG3获得对计划的承诺SP3.1 review plans that affect the workSP3.1评审影响工作的计划SP3.2 reconcile work and resource levels SP3.2使工作与资源水平协调SP3.3 obtain plan commitmentSP3.3获得对计划的承诺WMC工作监督与控制work monitoring and controlSG1 monitor the work against planSG1根据计划监督工作SP1.1 Monitor Work Planning Parameters SP1.1监督工作策划参数SP1.2 Monitor CommitmentsSP1.2监督承诺SP1.3 Monitor RisksSP1.3 监督风险SP1.4 Monitor Data ManagementSP1.4监督数据管理SP1.5 Monitor Stakeholder Involvement SP1.5监督共利益者介入SP1.6 Conduct Progress ReviewsSP1.6执行进展审查SP1.7 Conduct Milestone ReviewsSP1.7执行里程碑审查SG2 manage corrective action to closureSG2管理纠正措施直到结束SP2.1 analyze issuesSP2.1分析问题SP2.2 take corrective actionSP2.2采取纠正措施SP2.3 manage corrective actionSP2.3管理纠正措施SAM供方协定管理supplier agreement management contextSG1建立供方协定SG1 establish supplier agreementsSP1.1 determine acquisition typeSP1.1确定采购类型SP1.2 select suppliersSP1.2选择供方SP1.3 establish supplier agreementsSP1.3建立供方协定SG2 satisfy supplier agreementsSG2满足供方协定SP2.1 execute the supplier agreementSP2.1执行供方协定SP2.2 accept the acquired productSP2.3接受采购的产品SP2.3 transition productsSP2.3转移产品MA测量和分析Measurement and AnalysisSG1 align measurement and analysis activitiesSG1协调测量分析活动SP1.1 establish measurement objectivesSP1.1建立度量目标SP1.2 specify measuresSP1.2规定度量项SP1.3 specify data collection and storage procedures SP1.3规定数据采集和存储规程SP1.4 specify analysis proceduresSP1.4规定分析规程SG2 provide measurement resultsSG2提供度量结果SP2.1 collect measurement dataSP2.1收集度量数据SP2.2 analyze measurement dataSP2.2分析度量数据SP2.3 store data and resultsSP2.3存储数据和结果SP2.4 communicate resultsSP2.4通报结果PPQA过程和产品质量保证process and product quality assuranceSG1 objectively evaluate processes and work productsSG1客观地评价过程和工作产品SP1.1 objectively evaluate processesSP1.1客观地评价过程SP1.2 objectively evaluate work products & servicesSP1.2客观地评价工作产品和服务SG2 provide objective insightSG2提供客观情况SP2.1 communicate and ensure resolution of noncompliance issues SP2.1通报不符合问题并确保解决SP2.2 establish recordsSP2.2建立记录CM配置管理configuration managementSG1 establish baselinesSG1建立基线SP1.1 identify configuration itemsSP1.1确定配置项SP1.2 establish a configuration management systemSP1.2建立配置系统SP1.3 create or release baselinesSP1.3建立或放行基线SG2 track and control changesSG2跟踪和控制变更SP2.1 track change requestsSP2.1跟踪变更请求SP2.2 control configuration itemsSP2.2控制配置项SG3 establish integritySG3建立完整性SP3.1 establish configuration management recordsSP3.1建立配置管理记录SP3.2 perform configuration auditsSP3.2执行配置审计OPF组织过程聚焦organizational process focusSG1 determine process improvement opportunitiesSG1确定过程改进机会SP1.1 establish organizational process needsSP1.1确定组织过程需要SP1.2 appraise the organization’s processesSP1.2评价组织过程SP1.3 identify the organization’s process improvementsSP1.3识别组织过程改进项SG2 plan and implement process improvementsSG2策划和实施过程改活动SP2.1 establish process action plansSP2.1制定过程行动计划SP2.2 implement process action plansSP2.2实施过程行动计划SG3 deploy organizational process assets and incorporate lessons learnedSG3部署过程财富及吸收经验SP3.1 deploy organizational process assetsSP3.1部署组织过程财富SP3.2 deploy standard processesSP3.2部署标准过程SP3.3 monitor implementationSP3.3监控实施SP3.4 incorporate process-related experiences into the organizational process assets SP3.4提交过程相关经验到财富库OPD组织过程定义organizational process definitionSG1 establish organizational process assetsSG1创建组织过程财富SP1.1 establish standard processesSP1.1建立标准过程SP1.2 establish lifecycle model descriptionsSP1.2建立生存周期模型描述SP1.3 establish tailoring criteria and guidelinesSP1.3制定剪裁准则和指南SP1.4 establish the organization’s measurement repositorySP1.4建立组织度量库SP1.5 establish the organization’s process asset librarySP1.5建立组织过程财富库SP1.6 establish work environment standardsSP1.6建立工作环境标准SP 1.7Establish Rules and Guidelines for TeamsOT组织培训organizational trainingSG1 establish an organizational training capabilitySG1识别培训需要并准备培训SP1.1 establish the strategic training needsSP1.1建立战略培训需要SP1.2 determine which training needs are the responsibility of the org.SP1.2确定有哪些培训由组织负责SP1.3 establish an organizational training tactical plan SP1.3制订组织战术培训计划SP1.4 establish training capabilitySP1.4建立培训能力SG2 provide necessary trainingSG2提供必要培训SP2.1 deliver trainingSP2.1提供培训SP2.2 establish training recordsSP2.2建立培训记录SP2.3 assess training effectivenessSP2.3评价培训效果IWM集成工作管理Integrated Work ManagementSG1 use the work’s defined processSG1运用工作已定义过程SP1.1 establish the defined processSP1.1建立工作已定义过程SP1.2 use org. proc. Assets for planning work activities SP1.2运用组织过程财富策划工作活动SP1.3 establish the work environmentSP1.3建立工作环境SP1.4 integrate plansSP1.4集成计划SP1.5 manage the work using the integrated plansSP1.5使用集成的计划管理工作SP1.6 Establish TeamsSP1.7 contribute to the organizational process assetsSP1.7为组织过程财富做贡献SG2 coordinate and collaborate with relevant stakeholders SG2与相关的共利益者协调SP2.1 manage stakeholder involvementSP2.1管理共利益者介入SP2.2 manage dependenciesSP2.2管理依存关系SP2.3 resolve coordination issuesSP2.3解决协调问题RSKM风险管理risk managementSG1 prepare for risk managementSG1准备风险管理SP1.1 determine risk sources and categoriesSP1.1确定风险来源和分类SP1.2 define risk parametersSP1.2定义风险参数SP1.3 establish a risk management strategySP1.3建立风险管理策略SG2 identify and analyze risksSG2识别和分析风险SP2.1 identify risksSP2.1识别风险SP2.2 evaluate, categorize, and prioritize risksSP2.2风险评价分类和排列优先权SG3 mitigate risksSG3缓解风险SP3.1 develop risk mitigation plansSP3.1拟订风险缓解计划SP3.2 implement risk mitigation plansSP3.2实施风险缓解计划DAR决策分析和决定Decision Analysis and ResolutionSG1 evaluate alternativesSG1评价候选方案SP1.1 establish guidelines for decision analysisSP1.1建立决策分析指导原则SP1.2 establish evaluation criteriaSP1.2建立评价准则SP1.3 identify alternative solutionsSP1.3确定候选方案SP1.4 select evaluation methodsSP1.4选择评价方法SP1.5 evaluate alternativesSP1.5评价候选方案SP1.6 select solutionsSP1.6选择解决方案OPP组织过程性能organizational process performanceSG1 establish performance baselines and modelsSG 1建立性能基线和模型SP1.1 establish quality and process performance objectivesSP1.1 设定质量和过程性能目标SP1.2 select processesSP1.2 选择过程SP1.3 establish process performance measuresSP1.3 建立过程性能度量项目SP1.4 Analyze Process Performance and Establish Process Performance Baselines SP1.4 分析过程性能和建立过程性能基线SP1.5 establish process performance modelsSP1.5 建立过程性能模型QWM 定量工作管理quantitative project managementSG1 quantitatively manage the projectSG 1 定量管理项目SP1.1 establish project’s objectivesSP1.1 确定项目目标SP1.2 compose the defined processSP1.2 组成已定义过程SP1.3 select the subprocesses that will be statistically managed SP1.3 选定将进行统计管理的子过程SP1.4 manage project performanceSP1.4 管理项目性能SG2 statistically manage subprocess performanceSG 2统计管理子过程性能SP2.1 monitor performance of the selected subprocessesSP2.1 监控所选子过程的性能SP2.2 Manage Work PerformanceSP2.2 管理工作表现SP2.3 Perform Root Cause AnalysisSP2.3 执行根据原因分析OPM组织性能管理Organizational Performance ManagementSG1 Manage Business PerformanceSG 1 管理商业性能SP 1.1Maintain Business ObjectivesSP1.1维护商业目标SP 1.2Analyze Process Performance DataSP1.2分析过程性能数据SP 1.3Identify Potential Areas for ImprovementSP1.3识别潜在的改进区域SG 2Select ImprovementsSG2选择改进项SP 2.1Elicit Suggested ImprovementsSP2.1解释建议的改进项SP 2.2Analyze Suggested ImprovementsSP2.2分析建议的改进项SP 2.3Validate ImprovementsSP2.3确认改进SP 2.4Select and Implement Improvements for Deployment SP2.4选择和实施部署的改进项SG 3Deploy ImprovementsSG3部署改进SP 3.1Plan the DeploymentSP3.1计划部署SP 3.2Manage the DeploymentSP3.2管理部署SP 3.3Evaluate Improvement Effects SP3.3评估改进效果CAR原因分析和决定Causal Analysis and ResolutionSG1 Determine causes of defectsSG 1决定造成缺陷的原因SP1.1 select outcomes for analysis SP1.1 选择待分析的缺陷数据SP1.2 analyze causesSP1.2 分析原因SG2 address causes of defectsSG 2 处理造成缺陷的原因SP2.1 implement the action proposals SP2.1 实施行动建议方案SP2.2 evaluate the effect of changes SP2.2 评估变更的效果SP2.3 record dataSP2.3 记录相关数据持续服务Service Continuity (SCON)Purpose: The purpose of Service Continuity (SCON) is to establish and maintain plans to ensure continuity of services during and following any significant disruption of normal operations.目的:SCON的目的是为了建立和维护确保持续服务的计划,以便于在任何正常运行中断时能够提供不间断的服务。
CMMI标准名词术语
CMMI标准名词术语CMMI标准名词术语1 AT Assessment Team 评审小组2 ATM Assessment Team Member 评审小组成员3 BA Baseline Assessment 基线评审4 CAR Causal Analysis and Resolution 原因分析与决策5 CBA CMM-Based Appraisal 基于CMM的评价6 CBA-IPI CMM-Based Appraisal for Internal Process Improvement为内部过程改进而进行的基于CMM的评价(通常称为CMM评审)7 CC Configuration Controller 配置管理员8 CF Common Feature 公共特性9 CFPS Certified Function Point Specialist 注册功能点专家10 CI Configuration Item 配置项11 CM Configuration Management 配置管理12 CMM Capability Maturity Model 能力成熟度模型13 CMMI Capability Maturity Model Integration 能力成熟度集成模型14 COTS Commerce off the shelf 商业现货供应15 DAR Decision Analysis and Resolution 决策分析与制定16 DBD Database Design 数据库设计17 DD Detailed Design 详细设计18 DP Data Provider 数据提供者19 DR Derived Requirement 派生需求20 EPG Engineering Process Group 工程过程小组21 FP Function Point 功能点22 FPA Function Point Analysis 功能点分析23 FR Functional Requirement 功能性需求24 GA Gap Analysis 差距分析25 ID Interface Design 接口设计26 IFPUG International Function Point Users Group 国际功能点用户组织27 IPM Integrated Project Management 集成项目管理28 IR Interface Requirement 接口需求29 KPA Key Process Area 关键过程域30 KR Key Requirements 关键需求31 LA Lead Assessor 主任评审员32 MA Measurement and Analysis 测量与分析33 MAT Metrics Advisory Team 度量咨询组34 MCA Metrics Coordinator and Analyst 度量专员35 ML matreraty library 度量数据库36 NFR Non-functional Requirement 非功能性需求37 OC Operational Concept 操作概念38 OID Organizational Innovation and Deployment 组织革新与部署39 OPD Organizational Process definition 组织过程定义40 OPF Organizational Process focus 组织过程焦点41 OPL Organizational Process Assets 组织过程财富42 OPP Organaizational Process Perormance 组织过程性能43 OSSP Organization’s Set of Standard Process组织标准过程集合44 OT Organizational Training 组织级培训45 PA Process Areas 过程域46 PAT Process Action Team 过程行动小组47 PB Process Assets Library 过程财富库48 PD Preliminary Design 概要设计49 PDSP Project Defined Standard Processes 项目定义标准过程50 PI Produce Integration 产品集成51 PLC Product Life Cycle 产品生命周期52 PMC Project Monitoring and Control 项目监控53 PP Project Planning 项目策划54 PPQA Process and Product Quality Assurance 过程与产品质量保证55 PPR Price Performance Ratio 性能价格比56 QA Software Quality Assurance 软件质量保证57 QA Quality Assurance 质量保证58 QAP Software Quality Assurance Plan 质量保证计划59 QPM Quantitative Project Management 量化项目管理60 RD Requirements Development 需求开发61 RM/ReqM Requirements Management 需求管理62 RSKM Risk Management 风险管理63 RTM Requirement Traceability Matrix 需求跟踪矩阵64 SAM Supplier Agreement Management. 供应协议管理65 SC Steering Committee 指导委员会66 SCAMPIStandard CMMI Assessment Method forProcess Improvement 过程改进CMMI标准评审方法67 SCCB Software Configuration Control Board 软件配置管理控制委员会68 SCM Software Configuration Management 软件配置管理69 SDP Software Development Plan 软件开发计划70 SEI Software Engineering Institute (美国)软件工程学院71 SEPG Software Engineering Process Group 软件工程过程组72 SPI Software Process Improvement 软件过程改进73 SPP Software Project Planning 软件项目策划74 SPTO Software Project Tracking and Oversight 软件项目跟踪与监控75 SR System Requirements 系统需求76 SRS Software Requirement Specification 软件需求规格77 SSM Software Subcontract Management 软件分包管理78 SSR Software System Requirement 软件系统需求79 TS Technical Solution 技术解决方案80 UC Use Case 用例81 UID User Interface Design 用户界面设计82 VAL Validation 确认83 VER Verification 验证84 WBS Work Breakdown Structure 工作分解结构85 WP Work Products 工作产品86 Pre-assessment 预评审87 Baseline 基线88 Quality Attribute 质量属性89 Scenario 场景关键字:CMMI,SCAMPI,过程改进,能力成熟度,EPG软件能力成熟度模型(CMM/CMMI)已成为IT业界通用的过程体系,是一条提高软件企业产品质量、增强企业核心竞争力的有效途径,它给软件企业带来的成功已经为许多国内、外著名软件厂商所证明,根据SEI的统计,软件企业在引入CMM后劳动生产率平均增长了35%;错误比率平均减少39%;平均成本回报率为5:1。
软件测试中英文术语对照表
捕获/回放工具
Capture/Playback Tool
CASE
计算机辅助软件工程
Computer Aided Software Engineering
CAST
计算机辅助软件测试
Computer Aided Software Engineering的首字母缩写,参见Test Automation。在测试过程中使用计算机软件工具进行辅助的测试
Black-Box Testing
黑盒测试
不考虑组件或系统内部结构的功能或非功能测试
Black-Box Test Design Technique
黑盒测试设计技术
基于系统功能或非功能规格说明书来设计或选择测试用例的技术,不设计软件内部结构
Bottom-Up Testing
自底向上测试
渐增式集成测试的一种,其策略是先测试底层的组件,为此为基础逐步进行更高层次的组件测试,直到系统集成所有的组件,参见Intergration Testing
Analyzability
可分析性
软件产品缺陷或运行失败原因可悲诊断的能力,或对修改部分的可识别能力(ISO9126)。参见Maintainability
Analyzer
分析器
Static Analyzer
Anomaly
异常
任何和基于需求文档、设计文档、用户文档、标准或者个人的期望和预期之间偏差的情况都可以称为异常。异常可以在但不限于下面的过程中识别:评审(Review)、测试分析(Test Analysis)、编译(Compilation)、软件产品或应用文档的使用等。参见Defect、Deviation、Error、Fault、Failure、Incident、Problem
CMMI专业术语
CMMI 22个PA缩写及主要内容关键字:CMMI,CMMI PA CMMI 22个PA缩写EPG:工程过程组(Engineering Process Group)MSG:管理指导组/高层管理组(Management Steering Group)SPI:软件过程改进(Software Process Improvement)PAT:过程行动组(Process Action Team)PA:过程域(Process Area)PP:项目策划(Project Planning)PMC:项目监控(Project Monitoring and Control)IPM:集成的项目管理(Integrated Project Management)RSKM:风险管理(Risk Management)CM:配置管理(Configuration Management)PPQA:过程和产品质量保证(Process and Product Quality Assurance)MA:度量和分析(Measurement and Analysis)DAR:决策分析和解决方案(Decision Analysis and Resolution)REQM:需求管理(Requirements Management)RD:需求开发(Requirements Development)TS:技术解决方案(Technical Solution)PI:产品集成(Product Integration)Ver:验证(Verification)Val:确认(Validation)OPF:组织过程焦点(Organization Process Focus)OPD:组织过程定义(Organization Process Definition)OT:组织培训(Organizational Training)主要内容有:1. CM:(Configuration Management)软件配置管理。
CMMI-22个PA缩写及主要内容
CMMI 22个PA缩写及主要内容CMMI 22个PA缩写EPG:工程过程组(Engineering Process Group)MSG:管理指导组/高层管理组(Management Steering Group)SPI:软件过程改进(Software Process Improvement)PAT:过程行动组(Process Action Team)PA:过程域(Process Area)PP:项目策划(Project Planning)PMC:项目监控(Project Monitoring and Control)IPM:集成的项目管理(Integrated Project Management)RSKM:风险管理(Risk Management)CM:配置管理(Configuration Management)PPQA:过程和产品质量保证(Process and Product Quality Assurance)MA:度量和分析(Measurement and Analysis)DAR:决策分析和解决方案(Decision Analysis and Resolution)REQM:需求管理(Requirements Management)RD:需求开发(Requirements Development)TS:技术解决方案(Technical Solution)PI:产品集成(Product Integration)Ver:验证(Verification)Val:确认(Validation)OPF:组织过程焦点(Organization Process Focus)OPD:组织过程定义(Organization Process Definition)OT:组织培训(Organizational Training)22个PA的主要内容有:1. CM:(Configuration Management)软件配置管理。
CMMI (中文翻译)度量与分析
度量与分析( P178-P197 )目的度量与分析(MA)的目的是开发并保持度量能力,用于支持管理信息的需要。
介绍度量与分析过程域包括:l 明确度量的目标,并与已识别的信息需求保持一致l 确定所需的度量、数据收集和存储机制、分析技术、报告和反馈机制l 收集、存储、分析并报告所收集的数据l 提供能用于决策并采取所需纠正措施的分析结果度量和分析在项目层面的应用:l 客观地制订计划和进行估算l 根据所确定计划的目标来进行项目跟踪l 识别并解决与过程有关的事项l 为将来在其它项目过程中应用度量提供基础需要执行一个度量能力的人可以是也可以不是一个组织范围内的计划所雇用的人员,度量能力可能会应用于单独的项目或者其他组织功能(例如,质量保证)。
度量活动最初是关注在项目级别上的,然而一个度量能力也可以证明对选择组织和/或者企业内部信息需要是有帮助的。
项目可能选择在一个项目特定的知识库保存项目特定的数据和结果。
当数据被更广泛地在项目间共享时,则需要放在组织的度量知识库中。
对于供应商原始资料供应商提供的产品组件的度量和分析是对项目质量和成本有效管理的基本要素。
很可能,对供应商合同的细致管理就提供了对供应商供应能力分析数据的洞察。
相关过程域有关估计项目属性和其他计划信息需要的更多信息请参见项目计划过程域。
有关监督项目执行信息需要的更多信息请参见项目监督和控制过程域。
有关管理度量工作产品的更多信息请参见配置管理过程域。
有关汇集客户需求和相关信息需要的更多信息请参见需求制定过程域。
有关维持需求可追溯性和相关信息需要的更多信息请参见需求管理过程域。
有关制定组织的度量知识库的更多信息请参见组织过程定义过程域。
有关理解变更和静态分析技术的适当使用的更多信息请参见量化项目管理过程域。
实践-目标关系表连续式分级式SG1安排度量与分析活动SG1安排度量与分析活动SP1.1-1建立度量对象SP1.2-1详细描述度量SP1.3-1详细描述数据收集和存储程序SP1.4-1详细描述分析过程SG2提供度量结果SP2.1-1收集度量数据SP2.2-1分析度量数据SP2.3-1存储(度量)数据和结果SP2.4-1沟通(度量)结果GG1 达到特定目标GP1.1 完成基础实践GG2 制度化一个已管理的过程GP2.1建立组织的方针GP2.2 计划过程GP2.3 提供资源GP2.4 分配职责GP2.5 培训人员GP2.6 管理配置GP2.7 识别和包括相关的干系人GP2.8 监督和控制这个过程GP2.9 客观的评价坚持状况GP2.10 以更高等级的管理回顾状态GG3 制度化已定义的过程GP3.1 建立一个已定义的过程C/ML3-5GP3.2 收集改进信息GG4 制度化一个已量化管理的过程GP4.1 建立过程的量化目标GP4.2 稳定子过程的执行GG5 制度化一个优化中的过程GP5.1 保证连续的过程改进GP5.2 改正问题的根源实现目标的关键实践SG1安排度量与分析活动根据(度量)目标和已确定的信息需要,安排度量对象和活动。
CMMI术语表
Pareto analysis
同行评审 同行评审领导 定期评审成活动 方针 主承包商 规程 过程 过程能力 过程能力基线 过提租据库 过程描述
peer review Peer review leade, periodic review/activity policy prime contractor procedure Process process capability process capability baseline process detabase process description
项目经理 项目软件经理 质量 质量保证 定全控制 可重复级 要求的培训 风险 风险管理 风险管理计划 角色 SCE SCM 高级经理 软件作系结构 软件基线审计 软件基线库 软件构造
protect manager
project software manager
quality qualityassurance quantitativecontrol
软件质量目标 软件质量管理
softwarequalitygoal softwarequalitymanageme nt softwar-relatedgroup software。requirement softwareworkproduct
软件一有关组 软件需求 软件工作产品
SPA 一软件过程评估的 首字母缩略词。 特殊原因 一个缺陷的
configuration identification configuration item coniguration management
配置管理库系统 配置单元 一致性 偶然性因素 合同条款和条件 关键计算机资源 关键路径 顾客 缺陷 缺陷密度 缺陷预防 缺陷根源 已定义等级 已定义的软件过程
CMMI文件清单中英文对照表(已排版)
CMMI文件清单中英文对照表(已排版)类别PA 过程域过程基本元素英文名称组织过程定义控制程序Process For Organiztional Process Definition 软件生命周期模型Software Life Cycle Model 组织标准过程集合描述Description Of Organization's Set Of Standard Process.组织标准过程裁剪指南Tailoring Guideline For Organizational Standard Process 过程数据库使用规范Usage Specification For Process Metrics Library 过程财富度量报告Meausrement Report For Process Assests 项目生命周期模型选择工作单Sheet For Selecting Project Software Lifecycle Model 组织过程焦点控制程序Process For Organizational Process Focus EPG工作章程EPG Charter EPG工作考核细则Performance Appraisal Rules For EPG Member 过程改进建议处理控制程序Process For Handling Process Improvement Proposal 过程定义文件配置管理规范Configuration Management Specification For Process Definition Document 过程行动组(PAT)工作记录Process Action Team (PAT) Working Record 过程定义文件试验结果评定表Evaluation Form For Pilot Result Of Process Definition Document 过程状态季度报告模板Process Status Quarterly Report Template 过程行动计划Process Action Plan 过程推广计划Process Promotion Plan 过程试验计划Process Pilot Plan公司年度过程评估计划Organizational Process Assessment Annual Plan 公司过程改进总体要求General Objectives For Organizational Process Improvement 会议记录Meeting Minutes 过程改进建议和意见汇总表Summary Form Of Comments And Suggestions Of PI 过程改进实践状态清单Status List For Process Improvement Practice CMMI文件清单中英文对照表过程管理OPD 组织过程定义OPF 组织过程焦点EPG工作度量Epg Metrics 程序文件评审讨论问题记录表Issue Record Of Process Document Review 过程改进总体计划General Plan For Process Improvement 过程改进工作度量报告Metrics Report For Process Improvement 过程豁免申请单Process Exempt Application 过程改进任务列表Process Improvement Tasks List 组织级培训过程控制程序Organization- Level Training Process 兼职讲师管理规定Part-Time Instructor Management Regulation 免修规程Training Waiver Procedure 培训课程开发规程Training Course Development Procedure 外购培训管理规程Outsourcing Training Management Procedure 培训效果评估规定Training Effectiveness Evaluation Procedure 培训效果跟踪表Trainging Effectiveness Tracking Record 员工培训计划申请表Application For Employee Training Plan 员工外训学习申请表Application For Employee External Training 免修培训申请表Application For Training Waiver 战略培训需求表Demands Form For Strategic Training 需求管理控制程序Requirement Management Process 需求变更控制规程Requirement Change Control Procedure 变更影响分析控制规程Impact Analysis Procedure Of Change 确定项目已定义过程规程Procedure For Establishing Project's Defined Process 项目协调与沟通规程Project Communication & Negotiation Procedure 风险管理控制程序Risk Management Process 风险管理指导书Risk Management Guidebook 风险管理计划Risk Management Plan 风险列表Risk ListOT 组织培训RM 需求管理IPM 集成项目管理RSKM 风险管理商业现货软件产品选择控制程序COTS Product Selection ProcessCOTS软件产品评价准则COTS Product Evaluation CriteriaCOTS软件产品评价报告COTS Product Evaluation Report供应商合作通知单Cooperation Notification To Supplier第三方产品评估表The 3rd Party's Product Evaluation Form商业现货采购控制程序COTS Product Procurement Process软件子合同管理控制程序Software Sub-Contract Management Process子合同评审规程Sub-Contract Review Procedure子合同开发监管规程Sub-Contract Development Monotoring Procedure子合同配置管理规程Sub-Contract Configuration Management ProcedureSAM供应商协议管理子合同配置监督计划模版Sub-Contract Configuration Monitoring Plan Template子合同QA审核规程Sub-Contract QA Audit Procedure软件子承包商评定标准Sub-Contractor Evaluation Criteria直真软件开发子合同模板(商务)Contract Template (Business) For ZZ's Software Sub-Contract子合同开发过程监控报告Sub-Contract Development Monotoring Report子合同开发过程监控计划Sub-Contract Development Monotoring Plan子合同工作计划Sub-Coptract Working Plan产品(项目)子合同申请单Application Form For Product( Project ) Sub-Contract候选子承包商评估报告Candidate Sub-Contractor Evaluation Report软件子合同评审记录Software Sub-Contract Review Record项目策划控制程序Project Planning Process规模估计规程Size Estimation Procedure工作量估计规程Effort Estimation Procedure编制进度规程Schdule Generation Procedure项目策划计划Plan For Project PlanningPDSP文档PDSP Document项目环境列表Project's Environment List 项目的任务WBS列表Project's Task WBS List 产品规模估计表Product Size Estimation Form 工作量估计表Effort Estimation Form 关键计算机资源表CCR List 外来工作产品清单Out-Sourcing Work Product List 主要工作产品清单Main Work Product List 交付工作产品清单Delivarable Work Product List 人力资源需求表HR Demands Form 人力资源评估表HR Evaluation Form 项目人员计划表Project's HR Plan 项目预算工时表Project's Budget/ Effort Form 项目需增加硬件、软件成本预算表Budget Form For Hardware & Software Added 共利益者协调计划表Stakeholder Negotiation Plan 资料管理计划表Materials Management Plan 开发计划Development Plan 项目培训计划Project Training Plan 项目进度表Project Schedule 项目总体进度表Abstract Project Schedule 合同项目立项报告Initiating Report For Contract Project 研发项目立项报告Initiating Report For R&D Project 项目跟踪监控程序SPTO Process 研发中心例会管理规定Review Meeting Procedure For R&D Center 研发项目组例会管理规定Review Meeting Procedure For R&D Project Team 项目关闭控制程序Project Closure Process 里程碑评审规程Milestone Review Procedure项目管理PP 项目策划PMC 项目跟踪监控软件开发计划变更规程Software Development Plan Revise Procedure 对外承诺变更控制规程External Commitment Change Procedure 测量与分析控制程序Measurement & Analysis Process 度量项定义规程Measurement Item Definition Procedure 测量目标选择表Meaurement Goal Selection List 项目测量数据集合Project's Metrics Set 项目度量周报Project's Metrics Weekly Report 测量规格说明书Metrics Specification 度量报告Metrics Report 项目度量计划Project's Measurement Plan 决策分析与解决方案控制程序Desicision Analysis And Resolution Process DAR运用指南DAR Practice Guideline 决策方案评价准则Desicision Resolution Evaluation Criteria 过程与产品质量保证控制程序Process& Product Quality Assurance Process 不符合问题处理规程Non-Compliance Isssue Handle Procedure 项目过程活动评审规程Project's Process Activity Review Procedure 项目工作产品审核规程Project's Work Product Audit Procedure 质量保证活动策划规程SQA Planning Procedure 不符合问题等级标准Non-Compliance Isssue Grade Standard 评价工作产品任务集合Work Product Evaluation Tasks Set 评价过程活动任务集合Process Activity Evaluation Tasks Set 不符合问题报告表Non-Compliance Issue Report 不符合问题跟踪记录表Non-Compliance Issue Tracking Record 工作产品审核记录表Work Product Audit Record 过程活动评审记录表Process Activity Review Record 项目QA计划进度表Project's QA Planned SheduleMA 度量分析DAR 决策分析PPQA 过程和产品质量保证外部专家审核报告External Expert Audit Report跨项目QA报告QA Report Across Projects项目QA报告Project QA Report项目QA计划Project QA Plan软件配置管理控制程序Software Configuration Management Process配置管理标准Configuration Management Standard测试阶段CI变更规程CI Change Procedure In Testing Phase 支持过程产品出库规程Product Check-Out Procedure产品入库规程Product Check-In Procedure产品发布管理规程Product Release Management Procedure 产品日常备份规程Product Daily Backup Procedure配置变更分析规程Configuration Change Impact Analysis Procedure配置变更管理子过程Configuration Change Management Sub-Process配置审核管理规程Configuration Audit Management Procedure产品库管理规程Product Library Management Procedure配置项状态报告CI Status Report功能配置审核报告模板FCA Report TemplateCM配置管理物理配置审核报告模板FCA Report Template基线配置审核报告模板Baseline Configuratio Audit Report Template软件送测单Delivering Software To Testing Form日常备份记录Daily Backup Record配置项清单CI List产品发布通知Product Release Notification产品发布报告Product Release Report配置管理计划模版CM Plan Template配置管理任务列表CM Tasks List配置审核问题跟踪记录表Configuration Aduit Issues Tracking Record 文件归档申请单Application Form For Document Archiving 项目SCM任务单Project's SCM Task List 最终产品规模测量记录Finnal Product Size Metrics Record 销售管理控制程序Sales Management Control Process 售前支持控制程序Pre-Sales Support Control Process 售前技术支持计划Pre-Sales Technical Support Plan 售前技术申请Pre-Sales Technical Application 产品定义过程控制程序Product Definition Process 需求调研规程Requirement Investigation Procedure 软件需求分析控制程序Software Requirement Analysis Process 面向对象需求分析规程O-O Requirement Analysis Procedure 需求分析方法工具指南Guideline For Methods /Tools Of Rquirement Analysis 需求缺陷分类标准Standard Of Requirement Defect Types 需求规格说明CheckListChecklist For Requirement Specification 需求分析计划跟踪表Requirement Analysis Plan And Tracking Record 需求不一致项跟踪记录表Requirement Defect Tracking Record 产品(产品构件)需求Product ( Product Component) Requirement产品(产品构件)需求规格说明书-By Object Product ( Product Component) Requirement Specification Template -By Object产品(产品构件)需求规格说明书-ByFeature Product ( Product Component) Requirement Specification Template -By Feature 产品(产品构件)需求规格说明书-ByUserClass Product ( Product Component) Requirement Specification Template -By Userclass 产品(产品构件)需求规格说明书-ByFunHierarchyProduct ( Product Component) Requirement Specification Template -By Funhierarchy 软件概要设计控制程序Software Preliminary Design Process 软件详细设计控制程序Software Detailed Design Process 概要设计说明书模板一(面向对象)PD Document Template (OO)概要设计说明书模板PD Document TemplateRD 需求开发RA 需求分析软件开发计划模版SDP Template 数据库设计说明书模板Database Design Document Template 用户界面设计说明书User Interface Design Document 详细设计说明书模板DD Document Template 产品实现控制程序-代码实现Product Realization Process-Coding 设计问题跟踪记录表Tracking Record For Design Issues C++编码规范C++ Coding Specification JAVA编程规范JAVA Coding Specification 产品构件实现清单Product Component Realization List 产品构件实现方法和计划Product Component Realization Method And Plan 产品实现控制程序-支持文档实现Product Realization Process- Supportive Document Realization 产品集成控制程序Product Integration Process 接口管理规程Interface Management Procedure 集成产品评价规程Integrated Product Evaluation Procedure 《产品集成策略》模版Product Integration Strategy Template 《产品集成评价报告》模版Product Integration Evaluation Report Template 接口跟踪表Interface Tracking Record 接口不一致项列表Interface Non-Compliance List 部件测试控制程序Component Testing Process 产品集成测试控制程序Product Integration Testing Process 系统测试控制程序System Testing Process FIRST OFF测试控制程序FIRST OFF Testing Process BUG管理系统使用规范Bug Management System Usage Specification BUG确认规程Bug Confirmation Procedure 正式评审规程Formal Review Procedure 同级评审指导书PR GuidebookTS 解决方案PI 产品集成技术评审规程Technical Review Procedure 同级评审策划规程PR Planning Procedure 正式评审申请表Formal Review Application 技术评审申请表T echnical Review Application 评审工作分析报告Review Analysis Report 评审工作表Review Working Form 评审准备数据表Review Preparation Metric Form 同级评审计划PR Plan 评审记录和缺陷跟踪表Review Record And Defect Tracking Record 系统测试数据和测试环境设计System T esting Metrics And Testing Enviroment Design 部件测试数据和测试环境设计Component Testing Metrics And Testing Environment Design部件测试用例Component Testing Use-Case系统测试用例System Testing Use-Case系统测试方案System Testing Scheme部件测试方案Component Testing Scheme接受系统测试检查单 System Testing Checklist接受产品集成测试检查单 Product Integration Testing Checklist 接受部件测试检查单 Component Testing Checklist接受First off测试检查单 FIRST OFF T esting ChecklistFirst off测试计划Fist Off Testing Plan测试计划Testing Plan产品集成测试计划Product Integration Testing Plan测试问题记录表T esting Issue Record单个自由产品测试总结Independent Product Testing Summay 测试报告Testing Report测试总结Testing Summay系统工程VER 验证产品集成测试报告Product Integration Testing Report 代码走查规程Code Walk-Through Procedure 单元测试规程Unit Testing Procedure 制定确认策划规程Validation Planning Procedure 确认规程Validation Procedure 需求确认方法描述Requirement Validation Methods Description 产品确认方法描述Product Validation Methods Description 确认计划书模板Validation Plan T emplate 产品验收控制程序Product Acceptance Process FIRST OFF规程Fist Off Procedure 产品发布规程Product Release Procedure 产品移交规程Product Delivery Procedure 系统集成控制程序System Integation Process 系统集成项目测试验收规程Acceptance Procedure For System Intergation Project Testing 系统集成项目维护规程Mainteinance Procedure For System Integration Project 售后服务控制程序Post-Sales Service Control Process 客户服务请求处理表Handle Form For Customer Service Application 客户服务请求解决情况统计表Statistics For Closure Status Of Customer Service Appliation 客户满意度调查表Customer Satisfaction Questionaire 客户满意度统计分析报告Statistics Analysis Report For Customer Satisfaction 客户满意改进方案Customer Satisfaction Improvement Plan 售后客户档案(原有文件)Post-Sales Customer Profile ( Original Documents)维护项目控制程序Maintenance Project Control Process 一级维护任务单The 1st Level Maintenance Tasks Form 维护项目立项报告Initiating Report For Maintenance Project 维护项目工作计划Working Plan For Maintenance Project工程实施售后阶段VAL 确认验收售后阶段现场服务记录On-Site Service Record现场培训记录On-Site Training Record维护项目总结报告Summary Report For Maintenance Project 二级任务单The 2nd Tasks Form项目结束通知单Project Closure Notification项目决算报告Project Settlement Report软件维护控制程序Software Maintenance Control Process维护需求记录表Maintenance Demands Record软件维护申请表Software Maintenance Application软件维护记录单Software Maintenance Form。
CMMI中英文术语对照表
CMMI中英⽂术语对照表Aability to perform执⾏的能⼒: (参见公共特性/common feature)acceptance criteria 接受标准:为让⽤户、客户或其他授权组织接受,⼀个系统或组件所必须满⾜的条件。
[IEEE-STD-610]acceptance testing 接受性测试:⽤来决定系统是否达到接受标准的正规测试,从⽽能够使客户决定是否接受系统。
[IEEE-STD-610]acting phase⾏动阶段:(参见 IDEAL ⽅法)action item⾏动项⽬:(1)列表中分配给个⼈或组进⾏处理的⼀个单元。
(2)已被接受的⼀项⾏动提议。
action proposal⾏动提议:⽂档化的修改过程或过程相关项的建议,⽤以防⽌缺陷预防活动中发现的缺陷再发⽣。
(参见软件过程改进提议/software process improvement proposal)activities performed执⾏的活动:(参见公共特性/common features)activity活动:为达到某些⽬标⽽执⾏的⼀个步骤或⼀项功能,可能是脑⼒的也可能是体⼒的。
包括管理和技术⼈员为执⾏项⽬或组织⼯作任务⽽进⾏的所有活动。
(⽐照任务/task)Allocated requirements分配的需求:参见系统分配⾄软件的需求/system requirements allocated to softwareappraisal评审:是⼀个⼴泛意义上的词,可以是软件过程评估(process assessment),也可以是软件能⼒的评价(capability evaluation)。
assessment评估:在CMM中,⼀般指内部的过程评估。
audit审核:对⼀个或⼀套⼯作产品的独⽴的检查,⽤以确定是否符合规格说明、标准、合同协议或其他的准则。
[IEEE-STD-610]Bbaseline 基线:经过正式审查并被⼀致认可的规格说明或产品,作为进⼀步开发基础,只有通过正式变更控制程序才能改变。
CMM CMMI术语缩写一览表
术语一览表(按字母排序)AB= Ability to perform (CMM KPA comon feature) AC=Activities to perform (CMM KPA comon featureAD/Software Group=Application DevelopmentAE=Adaptive Enterprise (HP) RTI AI=Assessment InstrumentAPW=Action Planning WorkshopARC=Appraisal Requirements for CMMIATQG=Aassessor Training and Qualifications Guide (ISO SPICE) ATW=Actiion Team WorkshopsBAM=Business Activity MonitoringBI=Business IntelligenceBpel=Business Process Execution LanguageBPFBPG=Baseline Practice Guide (ISO SPICE)BPM=Business Process ManagementBPM=Busiiness Process MaturityBPMM=Business Process Maturity ModeBPO=Business Process OutsourcingBPR=Business Process RedesignBSI=British Standards Institute (standard BS 15000) CAPM=Certified Associate in Project ManagementCAR=Causal Analysis and Resolution (CMMI process area)CBA=CMM-Based AssessmentCBA IPI=CMM-Based Assessment for Internal Process ImprovementCBP=Competency Based PracticesCCB=Configuration Control BoardC-CommerceCDG=Capability Determination Guide (ISO SPICE)CEP=Complex Event ProcessingCEU=Continuing Education UnitsCII=Confederation of Indian IndustriesCM=Configuration ManagementCMM=Capability Maturity Model (also referred to as SWCMM). A model for improving the capability of software organizations.CMMI=Capability Maturity Model-Integration (published by the Software engineering Institute at Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh) /sei-home.html(integrates 3 source models the SW CMM, SE CMM and the IPD-CMM)CMU=Carnegie Mellon UniversityCO=Committement to perform (CMM KPA common feature)COBit=Control Objectives for Information and Related TechnologyCOCOMO II=COnstructive COst MOdel II is a model that allows one to estimate the cost, effort, and schedule when planning a new software development activity.CO=Commitment to PerformCOTS=Commercial off-the-shelfCPM=Corporate Permormance MonitoringCRADA=Cooperarive Research and Development AgreementCRD=Career Recommendations DevelopmentCRM=Customer Relationship ManagementDAR=Decision Analysis and Resolution (CMMI process area)DBA=Database AdministratorDELLTA=Danish Electronics Light & AcousticsDI=Directing ImplementationDoD=Department of DefenseDP=Defect Prevention (CMM Process area)DTIZC=Defense Technical Information CenterEAI=Enterprise Application IntegrationEDA=Event Driven ArchitectureEIA=Electronic Industries AllianceEIT=Enterprise Information IntegrationELG=Executive Leadership GroupEPG=Engineering Process GroupEPIG=Engineering Process Improvement GroupERP=Enterprise Resource PlanningESB=Enterprise Service BusesESP=External Service ProvidersETL=Extraction Transformation LoadingETVX format=Enty criteria, Tasks, Verification, and eXit criteria (CMMI) FAR=Functional Area Representative (term used in some assessments) FP=Function PointFTE=Full-time Equivalent (measure of personnel availability)GAO=General Accounting OfficeGESP=Global External Service ProvidersGG=Generic GoalGP=Generic PracticeG-Q-M Approach=Goal Queston Metric techniqueIC=Intergroup Coordination (CMM process Area)IDEAL=Initiating-Diagnosing-Establishing-Acting-Leveraging; an improvement cycle often used for process improvementIEC=International Electrotechnical CommissionIEEE=Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers.. A professional organizationIESP=Indian External Service ProvidersIG=Introductory Guide (ISO SPICE)IM=Integrated Management (CMM process area)IPD-CMM=Integrated Product Development Capability Maturity ModelIPM=Integrated Project Management (CMM process area)IPPD=Integrated Product and Process DevelopmentIPI=Internal Process ImprovementIPT=Integrated Product TeamISACA=Information Systems Audit and Control Association ISM=Integrated Software Management (CMM process area)ISM=Integrated Supplier Management (CMMI process area)ISO=International Organization fro Standardization (International Standards Organization)IT=Integrated Teaming (CMM process area)ITIL=Information Technology Infrastructure LibraryJAD=Joint application designJIT=Just in TimeJTCI=Joint Technical Committee on Information Technology KGI=Key Goal IndicatorsKIPA=Korean IT Industry Promotion IndustryKP=Key practiceKPI's=Key Performance IndicatorKPA=Key Process AreaKSLOC=thousand source lines of codeMA (M&A)=Measurement and Analysis (CMM process area) MBNQA=Malcom Bridge National Quality AwardMDD=Method Description DocumentME=Measurement and Analysis (CMM KPA common feature) MOA=Memorandum of AgreementMOM=Message Orientated MiddlewareMQ=Maturity QuestionnaireMSG=Management Steering GroupMSMO=Microsoft Message Queue ServerMTBF-Mean Time Between FailuresOEI=Organizational Environment for Integration (CMMI process area)OID=Organizational Innovation and Deployment (CMMI process area)OO=Object OrientatedOOA&D=Object Orientated Analysis & DesignOoda=Observe-Orient-Decide-ActOPD=Organization Process Definition (CMM process area Level 3 KPA)OPF=Organizational Process Focus (CMM process area Level 3 KPA)OPF=Organizational Process Focus (CMMI process area)OPM3=Organizational Project Management Model (Published by PMI in January, 2004)OPP=Organizational Process Performance (OPF=Organizational Process Focus (CMMI process area)OSSP=Organization's Set of Standart PracticesOT=Organizational Training OPF=Organizational Process Focus (CMMI process area)OUSD/AT&L=Office of the Under Secretary of Defense, Acquisition , Technology and LogisticsPA=Process AreaPAIS=Process Appraisal Information Systems (Record of Entry Form for CBA IPIs) PAG=Process Assessment Guiide (ISO SPICE)PAT=Process Action TeamPC=Process Change (Management (CMM Level 5 KPA)PCA's=Pacaged Composite ApplicationsPCAR=People CMM Assessment Repository (Record of Entry Form for a PCMM Assessment)PCB's=Process Capability Baselines-a documented characterization of the range of expected resultsPCM=Process Change Management (CMM Level 5 KPA)PCMM=People Capability Maturity Model (CMM Level 3 KPA)PD=(Organization) Process DefinitionPDCA=Plan-Do-Check-Act; an improvement cycle often used for process improvementPDU=Professional Development UnitPE=(Software) Project Engineering (CMM Level 3 KPA)PF=(Organization) Process Focus (CMM Level 3 KPA)PI=Product IntegrationPII=Process Improvement IndicatorPII=Practice Implementation IndicatorsPIID=Practice Implementation Indicator Data (used for SCAMPI)PIG=Process Improvement Guide (ISO SPICE)PIP=Packaged Integration ProcessesPM=Project ManagementPMAT=appears in COCOMO II model shows the benefit of process maturity on and estimate of effort for a software project. CMM Level 2 to Level 3 noted improvements. 4-11%PMBoK=Product Management Body of KnowledgePMC=Project Monitoring and Control (CMMI process area)PMC=Process Management CapabilityPMI=Project Management InstitutePMM=People Maturity ModelPMM=Process Maturity ModelPMP=Project Management ProfessionalPMO=Project Management OfficePP=(Software) Project Planning (CMM Level 2 KPA)PP=Project PlanningPI=Product Integration (CMMI process area)PPBs=Process Performance Baselines-a documented characterization of the actual results achieved by following a process.PPM=Process Performance Model (CMMI)PPQA=Process and Product Quality Assurance (CMMI process area) PSM= Practical Software and Systems ManagementPSM= Practical Software and Systems Measurement () PSP/TSP=Personal Software Process/Team Software ProcessPT=(Software) Project Tracking (and Oversight) (CMM Level 2 KPA) PTO=Project Tracking and Oversight (CMM Level 2 KPA)QA=(Software) Quiality Assurance (CMM Level 2 KPA)QFD=Quality Function DeploymentQM=(Software) Quality Management (CMM Level 4 KPA)OO=Object OrientatedOoa&D=Object Orientation Analysis and DesignQP=Software Quality Process (Management (CMM Level 4 KPA)OPD=Organizational Process DefiinitionQPM=Quantitative Process Management (CMM process area)QPM=Quantitative Project Management (CMMI process area)RAI=Research Access Inc.RD=Requirements Development (CMMI process area)RE=Requirements EngineeringREQM=Requirements Management (CMMI process area)RM=Requirements Management (CMM Level 2 KPA)RM=Risk ManagmentROI=Return On InvestmentRPG=Report Program GeneratorRSKM=Risk Management (CMMI process area)RTE=Real Tme EnterpriseRTI=Real Time InfrastructureRTM=Requirements Traceability MatrixSA-CMM=Software Acquisition Capability Maturity ModelSAM=Supplier Agreement Management (CMMI process area)Software Acquisition Management (CMM process area)SAP=Over the course of three decades, SAP has evolved from a small, regional enterprise into a world-class international company. Today, SAP is the global market leader incollaborative, inter-enterprise business solutions. The company now employs over 28,900 peopleSC7=Subcommittee 7 (ISO JTC1 subcommittee on software engineering)SCAMPI=Standard CMMI Appraisal Method for Process ImprovementSCCB=Software Configuration Control BoardSCE=Software Capability EvaluationsSCM=Software Configuration Management (CMM Level 2 KPA) SDD=Software Design DocumentSDF=Software Development FileSDLC=Software Development Life CycleSDP=Software Development Plan (also known as Project Plan) SE CAMM=Software Engineering Capability Assessment Model SECM=Software Engineering Capability ModelSE CMM=Software Engineering Capability Maturity ModelSEI=Software Engineering Institute (at Carnegie Mellon University) SEPG=Software Engineering Process GroupSEPI=Systems Engineering Process InitiativeSERP=Software Engineering Process GroupSG=Specific GoalSLA=Service Level AgreementSLOC=Source Line of CodeSM=Senior ManagementSM=(Software) Subcontract Management (CMM Level 2 KPA)SME=Subject Matter ExpertSOA=Service Orientated ArchitectureSOAP=Simple Object Access ProtocolSOW=Statement of WorkSP=Specific PracticeSPA=Software Process Assessment (SEI project; now CMM-based appraisals) software process assessment (method)SPC=Statistical Process ControlSPC=Software Product ConsortiumSPE=Software Product Engineering (CMM Level 3 KPA)SPI=Software Process ImprovementSPICE=Software Process Improvement and Capability DeterminationSPIN=Software Proess Improvement NetworkSPM=Software Process Mearurement (SEI project)SPP=Software Process Program; Software Project Planning (CMM Level 2 KPA)SPPT=Software Project Tracking and Oversight (CMM process area)SPTO=Software Project Tracking and OversightSQA=Software Quality Assurance (CMM Level 2 KPA)SQM=Software Quality Management (CMM Level 4 KPA)SRS=Software Requirements Specification (also known as Requirements Document)SS=Supplier SourcingSSM=Software Subcontract Management (CMM Level 2 KPA)STP=Straight Through ProcessingSW-CMM=Software Capability Maturity ModelTC176=Technical Committee 176 (ISO technical committee on quality managemetn systems)TCM=Technology Change ManagementTCO=Total Cost of OwnershipTM=Technology (Change) Management (CMM Level 5 KPA)TP=Training Program (CMM Level 3 KPA)TQM=Total Quality Management TQM can be defined as the application of quantitative methods and human resources to improve the materials and services provided as inputs to an organization an to improve all of the processes within the organization. The goal of TQM is to meet the needs of the customer, now and in the future.TS=Technical SolutionTTM=Time to MarketTTT=Train the TrainerTVO=Total Value of OpportunityUAN=Universal Application NetworkUAT=user Acceptance TestUDDI=Universal Desciption, Discovery and IntegrationVAL=Validation (CMMI process area)VB=Visual BasicVE=Verifying implementation (CMM KPA common feature)VER=Verification (CMMI process area)WBS=Work Breakdown StructureWG10=Working Group 10 (ISO/IEC JTC1/SC7 Working Group on software process assessment)WG7=Working Group 7 (ISO/IEC JTC1/SC7 Working Group on software life cycle processes)WiMAX=Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access. 802.11. 70MB Wireless connectivity over 30 milesWP=Workforce PlanningWS=Web ServicesWSDL=Web Services Descriptive LanguageXML=Extensible Markup LanguagexMM=Maturity Models for different business models (SW, I, P)XSL=Extensible Stylesheet LanguageZLE=Zero Latency Enterprise。
CMMI各种缩写及内容
CMMI主要内容有:1.CM:(Configuration Management)软件配置管理。
建立和维护在项目的整个软件生存周期中软件项目产品的完整性。
2.DAR:(Decision Analysis and Resolution)。
应用正式的评估过程依据指标评估候选方案,在此基础上进行决策。
3.IPM:(Integrated Project Management)集成项目管理。
根据从组织标准过程剪裁而来的集成的、定义的过程对项目和利益相关者的介入进行管理。
4.Life Cycle:(Software Life Cycle Model)项目管理的生命周期。
关注的是项目的过程管理。
5.MA:(Measurement & Analysis)。
开发并持续发展度量能力以满足项目管理的信息需求。
6.Milestone Review:(Milestone Review)阶段评审。
在阶段结束时评审项目的状态并确定项目是否应该进入下一阶段。
7.OPD:(Organizational Process Definition)组织级过程定义。
建立和维护有用的组织过程资产。
8.OPF:(Organizational Process Focus)组织级过程焦点。
在理解现有过程强项和弱项的基础上计划和实施组织过程改善。
9.OT:(Organizational Training)培训管理。
增加开发人员的技能和知识,使他们能有效地执行他们的任务。
10. PI:(Product Integration)产品集成。
从产品部件组装产品,确保集成产品功能正确并交付产品。
11.PMC:(Project Monitoring and Control)项目监督与控制。
通过项目的跟踪与监控活动,及时反映项目的进度、费用、风险、规模、关键计算机资源及工作量等情况,通过对跟踪结果的分析,依据跟踪与监控策略采取有效的行动,使项目组能在既定的时间、费用、质量要求等情况下完成项目。
CMMI-过程域中英文
CMMI 等级中文名称英文名称2级需求管理Requirements Management 2级项目计划Project Planning2级项目监控和控制Project Monitoring and Control 2级供应商合同管理Supplier Agreement Management 2级度量和分析Measurement and Analysis 2级过程和产品质量保证Process and Product Quality Assurance 2级配置管理Configuration Management 3级需求开发Requirements Development 3级技术解决方案Technical Solution 3级产品集成Product Integration 3级验证Verification 3级确认Validation3级组织过程焦点Organizational Process Focus 3级组织过程定义Organizational Process Definition 3级组织培训Organizational Training3级集成项目管理Integrated Project Management 3级风险管理Risk Management3级决策分析与解决方案Decision Analysis and Resolution 4级组织过程性能Organizational Process Performance 4级定量项目管理Quantitative Project Management 5级组织革新与部署(组织性能管理)Organizational Innovation and Deployment5级原因分析与解决方案Causal Analysis and Resolution有16个核心过程域,1个共享过程域和5个特定的开发过程域5个特定过程域缩写过程类型REQM工程PP项目管理PMC项目管理SAM项目管理MA支持PPQA支持CM支持RD工程TS工程PI工程VER工程VAL工程OPF过程管理OPD过程管理OT过程管理IPM项目管理RSKM项目管理DAR支持OPP过程管理QPM项目管理OID过程管理CAR支持过程域5。
软件CMMI3过程改进项目词汇表
PMC
Project Monitoring and Control,项目监督和控制。
16
PP
Project Plan,项目计划。
17
PPQA
Process and Product Quality Assurance,过程和产品质量保证
18
RD
Requirements Development,需求开发。
19
REQM
Requirements Management,需求管理。
20
RM
Risk Management,风险管理。
21
SAM
Supplier Agreement Management,供应商协议管理。
22
TS
Technical Solution,技术解决方案。
23
VAL
Validation,确认。
7
CM
Configuration Management,配置管理
DAR
Decision Analysis and Resolution,决策分析与解决方案
9
IPM
Integrated Project Management,集成项目管理。
10
MA
Measurement and Analysis度量与分析
软
序号
词汇
解释
1
CMMI
Capability Maturity Model Integration,能力成熟度模型集成
2
PA
Process Area,过程域
3
GG
General Goal,通用目标
4
SG
Special Goal,特定目标
软件测试英语术语表
软件测试中英文对照术语表A•Abstract test case (High level test case) :概要测试用例•Acceptance:验收•Acceptance criteria:验收标准•Acceptance testing:验收测试•Accessibility testing:易用性测试•Accuracy:精确性•Actual outcome (actual result) :实际输出/实际结果•Ad hoc review (informal review) :非正式评审•Ad hoc testing:随机测试•Adaptability:自适应性•Agile testing:敏捷测试•Algorithm test (branch testing) :分支测试•Alpha testing:alpha测试•Analyzability:易分析性•Analyzer:分析员•Anomaly:异常•Arc testing:分支测试•Attractiveness:吸引力•Audit:审计•Audit trail:审计跟踪•Automated testware:自动测试组件•Availability:可用性B•Back-to-back testing:对比测试•Baseline:基线•Basic block:基本块•Basis test set:基本测试集•Bebugging:错误撒播•Behavior:行为•Benchmark test:基准测试•Bespoke software:定制的软件•Best practice:最佳实践•Beta testing:Beta测试•Big-bang testing:集成测试•Black-box technique:黑盒技术•Black-box testing:黑盒测试•Black-box test design technique:黑盒测试设计技术•Blocked test case:被阻塞的测试用例•Bottom-up testing:自底向上测试•Boundary value:边界值•Boundary value analysis:边界值分析•Boundary value coverage:边界值覆盖率•Boundary value testing:边界值测试•Branch:分支•Branch condition:分支条件•Branch condition combination coverage:分支条件组合覆盖率•Branch condition combination testing:分支条件组合测试•Branch condition coverage:分支条件覆盖率•Branch coverage:分支覆盖率•Branch testing:分支测试•Bug:缺陷•Business process-based testing:基于商业流程的测试C•Capability Maturity Model (CMM) :能力成熟度模型•Capability Maturity Model Integration (CMMI) :集成能力成熟度模型•Capture/playback tool:捕获/回放工具•Capture/replay tool:捕获/重放工具•CASE (Computer Aided Software Engineering) :电脑辅助软件工程•CAST (Computer Aided Software Testing) :电脑辅助软件测试•Cause-effect graph:因果图•Cause-effect graphing:因果图技术•Cause-effect analysis:因果分析•Cause-effect decision table:因果判定表•Certification:认证•Changeability:可变性•Change control:变更控制•Change control board:变更控制委员会•Checker:检查人员•Chow's coverage metrics (N-switch coverage) :N切换覆盖率•Classification tree method:分类树方法•Code analyzer:代码分析器•Code coverage:代码覆盖率•Code-based testing:基于代码的测试•Co-existence:共存性•Commercial off-the-shelf software:商用离岸软件•Comparator:比较器•Compatibility testing:兼容性测试•Compiler:编译器•Complete testing:完全测试/穷尽测试•Completion criteria:完成标准•Complexity:复杂性•Compliance:一致性•Compliance testing:一致性测试•Component:组件•Component integration testing:组件集成测试•Component specification:组件规格说明•Component testing:组件测试•Compound condition:组合条件•Concrete test case (low level test case) :详细测试用例•Concurrency testing:并发测试•Condition:条件表达式•Condition combination coverage:条件组合覆盖率•Condition coverage:条件覆盖率•Condition determination coverage:条件判定覆盖率•Condition determination testing:条件判定测试•Condition testing:条件测试•Condition outcome:条件结果•Confidence test (smoke test) :信心测试(冒烟测试)•Configuration:配置•Configuration auditing:配置审核•Configuration control:配置控制•Configuration control board (CCB) :配置控制委员会•Configuration identification:配置标识•Configuration item:配置项•Configuration management:配置管理•Configuration testing:配置测试•Confirmation testing:确认测试•Conformance testing:一致性测试•Consistency:一致性•Control flow:控制流•Control flow graph:控制流图•Control flow path:控制流路径•Conversion testing:转换测试•COTS (Commercial Off-The-Shelf software) :商业离岸软件•Coverage:覆盖率•Coverage analysis:覆盖率分析•Coverage item:覆盖项•Coverage tool:覆盖率工具•Custom software:定制软件•Cyclomatic complexity:圈复杂度•Cyclomatic number:圈数D•Daily build:每日构建•Data definition:数据定义•Data driven testing:数据驱动测试•Data flow:数据流•Data flow analysis:数据流分析•Data flow coverage:数据流覆盖率•Data flow test:数据流测试•Data integrity testing:数据完整性测试•Database integrity testing:数据库完整性测试•Dead code:无效代码•Debugger:调试器•Debugging:调试•Debugging tool:调试工具•Decision:判定•Decision condition coverage:判定条件覆盖率•Decision condition testing:判定条件测试•Decision coverage:判定覆盖率•Decision table:判定表•Decision table testing:判定表测试•Decision testing:判定测试技术•Decision outcome:判定结果•Defect:缺陷•Defect density:缺陷密度•Defect Detection Percentage (DDP) :缺陷发现率•Defect management:缺陷管理•Defect management tool:缺陷管理工具•Defect masking:缺陷屏蔽•Defect report:缺陷报告•Defect tracking tool:缺陷跟踪工具•Definition-use pair:定义-使用对•Deliverable:交付物•Design-based testing:基于设计的测试•Desk checking:桌面检查•Development testing:开发测试•Deviation:偏差•Deviation report:偏差报告•Dirty testing:负面测试•Documentation testing:文档测试•Domain:域•Driver:驱动程序•Dynamic analysis:动态分析•Dynamic analysis tool:动态分析工具•Dynamic comparison:动态比较•Dynamic testing:动态测试E•Efficiency:效率•Efficiency testing:效率测试•Elementary comparison testing:基本组合测试•Emulator:仿真器、仿真程序•Entry criteria:入口标准•Entry point:入口点•Equivalence class:等价类•Equivalence partition:等价区间•Equivalence partition coverage:等价区间覆盖率•Equivalence partitioning:等价划分技术•Error:错误•Error guessing:错误猜测技术•Error seeding:错误撒播•Error tolerance:错误容限•Evaluation:评估•Exception handling:异常处理•Executable statement:可执行的语句•Exercised:可执行的•Exhaustive testing:穷尽测试•Exit criteria:出口标准•Exit point:出口点•Expected outcome:预期结果•Expected result:预期结果•Exploratory testing:探测测试F•Fail:失败•Failure:失败•Failure mode:失败模式•Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) :失败模式和影响分析•Failure rate:失败频率•Fault:缺陷•Fault density:缺陷密度•Fault Detection Percentage (FDP) :缺陷发现率•Fault masking:缺陷屏蔽•Fault tolerance:缺陷容限•Fault tree analysis:缺陷树分析•Feature:特征•Field testing:现场测试•Finite state machine:有限状态机•Finite state testing:有限状态测试•Formal review:正式评审•Frozen test basis:测试基线•Function Point Analysis (FPA) :功能点分析•Functional integration:功能集成•Functional requirement:功能需求•Functional test design technique:功能测试设计技术•Functional testing:功能测试•Functionality:功能性•Functionality testing:功能性测试G•glass box testing:白盒测试H•Heuristic evaluation:启发式评估•High level test case:概要测试用例•Horizontal traceability:水平跟踪I•Impact analysis:影响分析•Incremental development model:增量开发模型•Incremental testing:增量测试•Incident:事件•Incident management:事件管理•Incident management tool:事件管理工具•Incident report:事件报告•Independence:独立•Infeasible path:不可行路径•Informal review:非正式评审•Input:输入•Input domain:输入范围•Input value:输入值•Inspection:审查•Inspection leader:审查组织者•Inspector:审查人员•Installability:可安装性•Installability testing:可安装性测试•Installation guide:安装指南•Installation wizard:安装向导•Instrumentation:插装•Instrumenter:插装工具•Intake test:入口测试•Integration:集成•Integration testing:集成测试•Integration testing in the large:大范围集成测试•Integration testing in the small:小范围集成测试•Interface testing:接口测试•Interoperability:互通性•Interoperability testing:互通性测试•Invalid testing:无效性测试•Isolation testing:隔离测试•Item transmittal report:版本发布报告•Iterative development model:迭代开发模型K•Key performance indicator:关键绩效指标•Keyword driven testing:关键字驱动测试L•Learnability:易学性•Level test plan:等级测试计划•Link testing:组件集成测试•Load testing:负载测试•Logic-coverage testing:逻辑覆盖测试•Logic-driven testing:逻辑驱动测试•Logical test case:逻辑测试用例•Low level test case:详细测试用例M•Maintenance:维护•Maintenance testing:维护测试•Maintainability:可维护性•Maintainability testing:可维护性测试•Management review:管理评审•Master test plan:综合测试计划•Maturity:成熟度•Measure:度量•Measurement:度量•Measurement scale:度量粒度•Memory leak:内存泄漏•Metric:度量•Migration testing:移植测试•Milestone:里程碑•Mistake:错误•Moderator:仲裁员•Modified condition decision coverage:改进的条件判定覆盖率•Modified condition decision testing:改进的条件判定测试•Modified multiple condition coverage:改进的多重条件判定覆盖率•Modified multiple condition testing:改进的多重条件判定测试•Module:模块•Module testing:模块测试•Monitor:监视器•Multiple condition:多重条件•Multiple condition coverage:多重条件覆盖率•Multiple condition testing:多重条件测试•Mutation analysis:变化分析•Mutation testing:变化测试N•N-switch coverage:N切换覆盖率•N-switch testing:N切换测试•Negative testing:负面测试•Non-conformity:不一致•Non-functional requirement:非功能需求•Non-functional testing:非功能测试•Non-functional test design techniques:非功能测试设计技术O•Off-the-shelf software:离岸软件•Operability:可操作性•Operational environment:操作环境•Operational profile testing:运行剖面测试•Operational testing:操作测试•Oracle:标准•Outcome:输出/结果•Output:输出•Output domain:输出范围•Output value:输出值P•Pair programming:结队编程•Pair testing:结队测试•Partition testing:分割测试•Pass:通过•Pass/fail criteria:通过/失败标准•Path:路径•Path coverage:路径覆盖•Path sensitizing:路径敏感性•Path testing:路径测试•Peer review:同行评审•Performance:性能•Performance indicator:绩效指标•Performance testing:性能测试•Performance testing tool:性能测试工具•Phase test plan:阶段测试计划•Portability:可移植性•Portability testing:移植性测试•Postcondition:结果条件•Post-execution comparison:运行后比较•Precondition:初始条件•Predicted outcome:预期结果•Pretest:预测试•Priority:优先级•Probe effect:检测成本•Problem:问题•Problem management:问题管理•Problem report:问题报告•Process:流程•Process cycle test:处理周期测试•Product risk:产品风险•Project:项目•Project risk:项目风险•Program instrumenter:编程工具•Program testing:程序测试•Project test plan:项目测试计划•Pseudo-random:伪随机Q•Quality:质量•Quality assurance:质量保证•Quality attribute:质量属性•Quality characteristic:质量特征•Quality management:质量管理R•Random testing:随机测试•Recorder:记录员•Record/playback tool:记录/回放工具•Recoverability:可复原性•Recoverability testing:可复原性测试•Recovery testing:可复原性测试•Regression testing:回归测试•Regulation testing:一致性测试•Release note:版本说明•Reliability:可靠性•Reliability testing:可靠性测试•Replaceability:可替换性•Requirement:需求•Requirements-based testing:基于需求的测试•Requirements management tool:需求管理工具•Requirements phase:需求阶段•Resource utilization:资源利用•Resource utilization testing:资源利用测试•Result:结果•Resumption criteria:继续测试标准•Re-testing:再测试•Review:评审•Reviewer:评审人员•Review tool:评审工具•Risk:风险•Risk analysis:风险分析•Risk-based testing:基于风险的测试•Risk control:风险控制•Risk identification:风险识别•Risk management:风险管理•Risk mitigation:风险消减•Robustness:健壮性•Robustness testing:健壮性测试•Root cause:根本原因S•Safety:安全•Safety testing:安全性测试•Sanity test:健全测试•Scalability:可测量性•Scalability testing:可测量性测试•Scenario testing:情景测试•Scribe:记录员•Scripting language:脚本语言•Security:安全性•Security testing:安全性测试•Serviceability testing:可维护性测试•Severity:严重性•Simulation:仿真•Simulator:仿真程序、仿真器•Site acceptance testing:定点验收测试•Smoke test:冒烟测试•Software:软件•Software feature:软件功能•Software quality:软件质量•Software quality characteristic:软件质量特征•Software test incident:软件测试事件•Software test incident report:软件测试事件报告•Software Usability Measurement Inventory (SUMI) :软件可用性调查问卷•Source statement:源语句•Specification:规格说明•Specification-based testing:基于规格说明的测试•Specification-based test design technique:基于规格说明的测试设计技术•Specified input:特定输入•Stability:稳定性•Standard software:标准软件•Standards testing:标准测试•State diagram:状态图•State table:状态表•State transition:状态迁移•State transition testing:状态迁移测试•Statement:语句•Statement coverage:语句覆盖•Statement testing:语句测试•Static analysis:静态分析•Static analysis tool:静态分析工具•Static analyzer:静态分析工具•Static code analysis:静态代码分析•Static code analyzer:静态代码分析工具•Static testing:静态测试•Statistical testing:统计测试•Status accounting:状态统计•Storage:资源利用•Storage testing:资源利用测试•Stress testing:压力测试•Structure-based techniques:基于结构的技术•Structural coverage:结构覆盖•Structural test design technique:结构测试设计技术•Structural testing:基于结构的测试•Structured walkthrough:面向结构的走查•Stub: 桩•Subpath: 子路径•Suitability: 符合性•Suspension criteria: 暂停标准•Syntax testing: 语法测试•System:系统•System integration testing:系统集成测试•System testing:系统测试T•Technical review:技术评审•Test:测试•Test approach:测试方法•Test automation:测试自动化•Test basis:测试基础•Test bed:测试环境•Test case:测试用例•Test case design technique:测试用例设计技术•Test case specification:测试用例规格说明•Test case suite:测试用例套•Test charter:测试宪章•Test closure:测试结束•Test comparator:测试比较工具•Test comparison:测试比较•Test completion criteria:测试比较标准•Test condition:测试条件•Test control:测试控制•Test coverage:测试覆盖率•Test cycle:测试周期•Test data:测试数据•Test data preparation tool:测试数据准备工具•Test design:测试设计•Test design specification:测试设计规格说明•Test design technique:测试设计技术•Test design tool: 测试设计工具•Test driver: 测试驱动程序•Test driven development: 测试驱动开发•Test environment: 测试环境•Test evaluation report: 测试评估报告•Test execution: 测试执行•Test execution automation: 测试执行自动化•Test execution phase: 测试执行阶段•Test execution schedule: 测试执行进度表•Test execution technique: 测试执行技术•Test execution tool: 测试执行工具•Test fail: 测试失败•Test generator: 测试生成工具•Test leader:测试负责人•Test harness:测试组件•Test incident:测试事件•Test incident report:测试事件报告•Test infrastructure:测试基础组织•Test input:测试输入•Test item:测试项•Test item transmittal report:测试项移交报告•Test level:测试等级•Test log:测试日志•Test logging:测试记录•Test manager:测试经理•Test management:测试管理•Test management tool:测试管理工具•Test Maturity Model (TMM) :测试成熟度模型•Test monitoring:测试跟踪•Test object:测试对象•Test objective:测试目的•Test oracle:测试标准•Test outcome:测试结果•Test pass:测试通过•Test performance indicator:测试绩效指标•Test phase:测试阶段•Test plan:测试计划•Test planning:测试计划•Test policy:测试方针•Test Point Analysis (TPA) :测试点分析•Test procedure:测试过程•Test procedure specification:测试过程规格说明•Test process:测试流程•Test Process Improvement (TPI) :测试流程改进•Test record:测试记录•Test recording:测试记录•Test reproduceability:测试可重现性•Test report:测试报告•Test requirement:测试需求•Test run:测试运行•Test run log:测试运行日志•Test result:测试结果•Test scenario:测试场景•Test script:测试脚本•Test set:测试集•Test situation:测试条件•Test specification:测试规格说明•Test specification technique:测试规格说明技术•Test stage:测试阶段•Test strategy:测试策略•Test suite:测试套•Test summary report:测试总结报告•Test target:测试目标•Test tool:测试工具•Test type:测试类型•Testability:可测试性•Testability review:可测试性评审•Testable requirements:需求可测试性•Tester:测试人员•Testing:测试•Testware:测试组件•Thread testing:组件集成测试•Time behavior:性能•Top-down testing:自顶向下的测试•Traceability:可跟踪性U•Understandability:易懂性•Unit:单元•unit testing:单元测试•Unreachable code:执行不到的代码•Usability:易用性•Usability testing:易用性测试•Use case:用户用例•Use case testing:用户用例测试•User acceptance testing:用户验收测试•User scenario testing:用户场景测试•User test:用户测试V•V-model:V模式•Validation:确认•Variable:变量•Verification:验证•Vertical traceability:垂直可跟踪性•Version control:版本控制•V olume testing:容量测试W•Walkthrough:走查•White-box test design technique:白盒测试设计技术•White-box testing:白盒测试•Wide Band Delphi:Delphi估计方法。
CMMI术语中英文对照表
CMMI中有关定义及英文缩写说明
CMMI中有关定义及英文缩写说明一、英文缩写说明l 能力成熟度模型集成CMMI:Capability Maturity Model Integrationl 通用目标GG:Generic Goalsl 特定目标SG:Specific Goalsl 通用实践GP:Generic Practicesl 特定实践SP:Specific Practicesl 过程域PArocess Areal 需求管理REQM: Requirement Managementl 项目策划PProject Planningl 项目监督和控制PMCroject Monitoring and Control Planningl 供方协定管理SAM:Supplier Agreement Managementl 测量和分析MA:Measurement and Analysisl 过程和产品质量保证PPQA:Process and Product Quality Assurancel 配置管理CM:Configuration Managementl 需求开发RD:Requirement Developmentl 技术解决TS:Technical Solutionl 产品集成PI:Product Integrationl 验证VER:Verificationl 确认VAL:Validationl 组织过程聚焦OPF:Organization Process Focusl 组织过程定义OPD:Organization Process Definitionl 组织培训OT:Organization Trainingl 集成项目管理IPM:Integration Project Managementl 风险管理RSKM:Risk Managementl 决策分析和决定DARecision Analysis and Resolutionl 质量保证QA:Quality Assurancel 项目经理PM:Project Managerl 软件工程过程组SEPG:Software engineering process groupl 过程改进指导描述PIID:Process Improvement Indicator Descriptionl SCAMPI:Appraisal Method for Process Improvement (CMMI中评估过程改进的一种方法)二、定义l 共利益者(Stakeholder):所谓“共利益者”,指的是受到某种负责产生输出的方式影响的群体或个人。
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CMMI中英文术语对照表A-D E-L M-R S-ZAability to perform执行的能力: (参见公共特性/common feature)acceptance criteria接受标准:为让用户、客户或其他授权组织接受,一个系统或组件所必须满足的条件。
[IEEE-STD-610] acceptance testing接受性测试:用来决定系统是否达到接受标准的正规测试,从而能够使客户决定是否接受系统。
[IEEE-STD-610]acting phase行动阶段:(参见IDEAL 方法)action item行动项目:(1)列表中分配给个人或组进行处理的一个单元。
(2)已被接受的一项行动提议。
action proposal行动提议:文档化的修改过程或过程相关项的建议,用以防止缺陷预防活动中发现的缺陷再发生。
(参见软件过程改进提议/software process improvement proposal)activities performed执行的活动:(参见公共特性/common features)activity活动:为达到某些目标而执行的一个步骤或一项功能,可能是脑力的也可能是体力的。
包括管理和技术人员为执行项目或组织工作任务而进行的所有活动。
(比照任务/task)Allocated requirements分配的需求:参见系统分配至软件的需求/system requirements allocated to softwareappraisal评审:是一个广泛意义上的词,可以是软件过程评估(process assessment),也可以是软件能力的评价(capability evaluation)。
assessment评估:在CMM中,一般指内部的过程评估。
audit审核:对一个或一套工作产品的独立的检查,用以确定是否符合规格说明、标准、合同协议或其他的准则。
[IEEE-STD-610]Bbaseline基线:经过正式审查并被一致认可的规格说明或产品,作为进一步开发基础,只有通过正式变更控制程序才能改变。
[IEEE-STD-610]baseline configuration management基线配置管理:建立经过正式评审和认同的基线,并将其作为进一步开发工作的基础。
一些软件工作产品,如软件设计和代码应按计划建立基线,并使用严格的变更控制过程进行管理。
这些基线使得与客户的交互在稳定及可控的状态下进行。
(参见基线管理/baseline management)benchmark基准:进行度量或比较的标准。
bidder投标者:个人、合作伙伴、公司或联合组织提交了意向书,就成为了获取设计、开发、及/或制造一个或多个产品合同的候选者。
Ccapability maturity model能力成熟度模型:软件组织通过定义、执行、度量、控制、改进软件过程而不断提高,能力成熟度模型就是提高过程不同阶段的描述。
通过帮助确认当前过程能力,帮助确定那些对于软件质量和过程改进最迫切的问题,这个模型对于如何选择过程改进战略提供了指导。
causal analysis诱因分析:分析缺陷来确定导致缺陷的根本原因。
causal analysis meeting诱因分析会:完成一项具体任务后所进行的会议,用来分析在完成任务期间发现的缺陷。
commitment承诺:根据需要建立的、可见的且相关各方应遵守的协定。
commitment to perform执行的承诺:参见公共特性/common featurescommon cause(of a defect)缺陷的一般原因:导致缺陷的来自系统或过程本身的原因。
一般原因影响过程的每个结果和过程中的每个人。
(对照特殊原因/special cause)common features公共特性:是CMM关键过程域中内容的分类。
公共特性是表明一个关键过程域的制度化和实施是否有效、可重复和持续的属性。
公共特性包括执行的承诺、执行的能力、执行的活动、度量和分析和执行的验证· commitment to perform 执行的承诺为保证过程得以建立和持久的,一个组织所必须采取的行动。
执行的承诺一般将包括建立组织政策和领导责任。
· ability to perform 执行的能力为有效执行软件过程,项目和组织所必须具备的一些前提条件。
执行的能力一般包括资源、组织结构和培训。
· activities performed 进行的活动对执行一个关键过程域所必须的活动、角色和规程的描述。
进行的活动一般包括建立计划和规程、执行和跟踪工作以及在必要时采取更正措施。
· measurement and analysis 度量与分析对用以确定过程相关状态所必须进行的基本度量做法的描述。
这些度量用来控制和改进过程。
度量与分析一般包括可以进行的度量的例子。
· verifying implementation 验证实施为确保活动与已建立过程保持一致所采取的步骤。
验证一般包括管理者和软件质量保证组所进行的监察和审查。
configuration配置:在配置管理中,技术文档中描述的或软件产品中实现的软件或硬件的功能和物理特性。
[IEEE-STD-610]configuration control配置控制:配置管理的一个要素,包括评审、协调、批准或不批准以及正式建立配置标识后对配置项的更改。
[IEEE-STD-610]configuration identification配置标识:配置管理的一个要素,包括为一个系统选择配置项并在技术文档中记录它们的功能和物理特性。
[IEEE-STD-610]configuration item配置项:为配置管理指定的软件、硬件或包括两者的一个集合,在配置管理过程中作为一个独立实体。
configuration management配置管理:是使用技术及行政指导和监督的一个规范,用以确定和记录一个配置项的功能和物理特性,控制对这些特性的修改,记录并报告变更处理及执行的状态,并验证其与特定要求的符合性。
[IEEE-STD-610]configuration management library system配置管理库系统:访问软件基线库内容的工具和规程。
configuration unit配置单元:配置项或组件的最底层实体,可以放入配置管理库系统,也可以从中提取。
consistency一致性:统一、标准化以及不与系统或组件中其它部分相矛盾的程度。
[IEEE-STD-610] contingency factor或有因素:对规模、费用或进度计划的调整(增加),以处理可能发生的对这些项的低的估算,导致过低估算的原因有不完整的规格说明、对应用领域的估算缺乏经验等等。
contract terms and conditions合同条款与条件:合同中描述的法律、财务及行政管理方面的内容。
critical computer resource关键计算机资源:可能带来项目风险的计算机资源,因为对这些资源的需求会超出可用的数量。
如运行机的内存、开发机的磁盘空间。
critical path关键路径:必须按计划完成以使整个项目不脱离计划的一系列相互关联的任务。
customer客户:负责接受产品及有权支付开发组织的个人或组织。
Ddefect缺陷:系统或系统组件中导致系统或系统组件不能按要求功能执行缺陷。
如果在系统运行时遇到缺陷将导致系统失效。
defect density缺陷密度:产品中缺陷数除以产品的规模(以该产品标准度量尺度表示)defect prevention缺陷预防:识别缺陷或潜在缺陷以及防止它们进入产品的各种活动。
defect root cause缺陷根本诱因:导致缺陷出现的根本原因(比如过程的不完善)。
defined level已定义级:参见成熟度等级/maturity level。
defined software process定义软件过程: 参见项目定义软件过程/project’s defined so ftware process。
dependency item相关项目: 是指一个组或个人提供给第二个组或个人的一个产品、活动、信息等,从而使第二个组能够执行已计划的任务。
developmental configuration management开发性配置管理:应用技术和行政指令来指定和控制软件和相关技术文档,这些文档定义了开发过程中软件工作产品的配置内容状态。
开发性配置管理是由开发人员直接控制的。
开发性配置管理下的各项不是基线,但在开发过程的某些时间点上,它们可以基线化并放在基线配置管理下。
deviation偏差:与适当的惯例、计划、标准、程序的明显的偏离。
Diagnosing phase诊断阶段:参见IDEAL方法/IDEAL approach。
documented procedure文档化的规程:参见规程/procedure。
E A-D E-L M-R S-Zeffective process有效的过程:有效的过程应具备以下特点:已执行的、成文的、必须遵循的、对使用者进行培训的、被度量的、能够改进的。
end user最终用户:是指系统在其运行环境中部署后,为了预期的目的而使用系统的组或个人。
end user representatives最终用户代表:选定的最终用户的一部分,它们代表所有最终用户。
engineering group工程组:代表一个工程规范的一组人(包括管理人员和技术人员)。
工程规范的例子有:系统工程、硬件工程、系统测试、软件工程、软件配置管理以及软件质量保证。
established phase建立阶段:参见IDEAL方法。
evaluation评价:参见软件能力评价/software capability evaluation。
event-driven review/activity事件驱动审查/活动:因项目内发生了某事而进行的一次审查或其它活动(如,正式审查或生命周期某阶段的完成)。
(比照定期审查/活动periodic review/activity)Ffindings发现结果:一次评估(assessment)、评价(evaluation))、审查(audit)或检查(review)在调查范围内所发现的最重要的事情、问题或机遇。
first-line software manager一线软件经理:对由软件工程师和其他相关人员组成的组织单元(如一个部门或项目组)的人员配置和活动负有直接管理活责任(包括技术指导、管理人员和薪资)的经理。
formal review正式评审:把一个产品展示给最终用户、客户或其他相关方,以获取他们的认可和听取他们的意见。