2013 Mercedes-Benz_Big Pack
看门狗各品牌车型介绍
看门狗-各品牌车型介绍 在看门狗游戏中，相信很多玩家都关注到游戏中的车辆⾮常丰富，不同的车型有着不同的性能，据外媒消息，看门狗包含了60辆真车授权，具体都有哪些呢，⼀起来看看吧。
看门狗车辆列表： 1.菲亚特500 2. A r t e g a G T(德国新兴跑车) 3.2005阿斯顿马丁V8Va n t a g e阿阿阿阿斯顿马丁 4.2010宾利M u l s a n n e(慕尚) 5.B M W5系列E39 6.2014B M W M4⼤爱!! 7.别克君威(旧款，可能是80年代的) 8.凯迪拉克C T S-V C o u p e 9.雪佛兰C a m a r o(科迈罗，⼤黄蜂) 10.1969年的雪佛兰C h e v e l l e 11.雪佛兰I m p a l a(英帕拉) 12.2000年的雪佛兰I m p a l a(英帕拉) 13.2005年的雪佛兰I m p a l a(英帕拉) 14.雪佛兰s t e p v a n(可以理解为⼩卡车) 15.1976雪佛兰卡车 16.2007克莱斯雷 A s p e n (可能也有⼈跟我⼀样不知道这款车，度娘表⽰是⼀款多功能运动车,S U V) 17.D o d g e(道奇) A r i e s K 18.2011D o d g e(道奇)c h a r g e r (也是款很帅的车。
在看门狗⾥有普通的，当然警察叔叔们也是⽤这款~可以偶尔借来开开) 19.D o d g e(道奇)D u r a n g o 20.D o d g e C a r a v a n(道奇凯领) 21.法拉利599G T B F i o r a n o嘎嘎嘎法拉利。
个⼈感觉看门狗⾥好车不多，这是其中⼀个 22.1980F o r d(福特)B r o n c o好帅的越野车 23.F o r d(福特)E系列 24.2009F o r d E d g e福特锐界 25.1999F o r d(福特)F-250 26.F o r d(福特)F-350 27.2013F o r d(福特)F u s i o n(也挺帅的，有点像阿斯顿马丁) 28.F o r d(福特)K a 29.2010F o r d Ta u r u s S H O(福特⾦⽜座) 30.G M C(吉姆西)To p k i c k 31.2001H o n d a C i v i c 32.H o n d a C i v i c(本⽥思域) 33.1990H o n d a(本⽥)N S X 34.H y u n d a i(现代)Ta r g o看到这我不能再淡定了，竟然有棒⼦车! O r z 35.I s u z u(五⼗铃)N系列 36.2010K i a S o u l(起亚秀尔) 37.终于要登场了!!!! 2011L a m b o r g h i n i Av e n t a d o r L P 700-4炫富必备的兰兰兰兰博基尼!!感动的我痛哭流泪!!作为⼀个屌丝中的屌丝，为了满⾜⾃⼰肯定要收藏⼀辆!!! 38.2012L a n d-R o v e r R a n g e R o v e r E v o q u e(路虎揽胜极光) 39.林肯加长⽼板范⼉⾛起~ 40.L o t u s(路特斯)E l i s e M117 41.M a z d a(马⾃达)2 42.1992M a z d a(马⾃达)R X-7 43.2013M e r c e d e s-B e n z(奔驰)C L A特喜欢这款车 44.M e r c e d e s-B e n z(奔驰)S L K 45.M e r c e d e s-B e n z(奔驰)S L S A M G不需要解释的吧??? 46.M i t s u b i s h i(三菱)L a n c e r 47.M i t s u b i s h i(三菱)O u t l a n d e r 48.M o r g a n(摩根) A e r o C o u p e好帅的⽼爷车!!值得收藏 49.P l y m o u t h(普利莫斯)S u n d a n c e 50.1978P o n t i a c F i r e b i r d(庞蒂亚克⽕鸟) 51.S c i o n(塞恩)x B 52.1993To y o t a C o r o l l a(丰⽥卡罗拉) 53.2009To y o t a C o r o l l a(丰⽥卡罗拉) 54.2009To y o t a Tu n d r a(丰⽥坦途) 55.Vo l k s w a g e n G o l f I V(⼤众⾼尔夫I V) 逗游⽹——中国2亿游戏⽤户⼀致选择的”⼀站式“游戏服务平台。
梅赛德斯-奔驰(Mercedes-Benz)
巨星代言 更具魅力
在梅赛德斯sls amg的两个视频广告中，它是由 在梅赛德斯sls amg的两个视频广告中，它是由 F1赛车史上曾经红极一时，被千万人追捧的舒马赫， F1赛车史上曾经红极一时，被千万人追捧的舒马赫， 还有网球天王费德勒，也是受全球无数球迷崇拜的 对象。他们是成功男士的代表，荣耀的象征，他们 在广告中的出现，特别能引起那些社会上成功阶层 男士的格外关注以及那些想要在朋友，同行之间更 想展示自己取得的巨大成功和想要赢得更多人的关 注和尊重的社会价值的一种彰显社会成功男士的需 要。
多面展示 性能卓越
梅赛德斯sls 梅赛德斯sls amg 在视频中，展示给消费者的是 他们精心的设计，以及严格的各种测试，不同的驾 驶道路，以及不同路况下车的性能表现，甚至车本 身的表现超出了测试人员的预料，令他们惊讶无比。 一切似那么洒脱和优越，拥有这样一辆高性能的跑 车，自然是那些上流社会男性在工作之余，放松身 心最可靠的选择，不仅仅是外观，更有其奔驰人特 有的一丝不苟的制造，带来全方位愉悦的驾驶享受 和体验，能够满足的是年轻有为或者是中年上流社 会男士对于豪华型跑车的需求。
梅赛德斯-奔驰（Mercedes梅赛德斯-奔驰（Mercedes-Benz
梅赛德斯梅赛德斯-奔驰 其完美的技术水平、过硬的质量标准、推陈出新的创新能力、 以及一系列经典轿跑车款式令人称道。奔驰三叉星已成为世 界上最著名的汽车及品牌标志之一。自1900年12月22日戴 界上最著名的汽车及品牌标志之一。自1900年12月22日戴 姆勒发动机工厂（Daimler-Motoren-Gesellschaft，DMG） 姆勒发动机工厂（Daimler-Motoren-Gesellschaft，DMG） 向其客户献上了世界上第一辆以梅赛德斯（Mercedes）为 向其客户献上了世界上第一辆以梅赛德斯（Mercedes）为 品牌的轿车开始，奔驰汽车就成为汽车工业的楷模。100多 品牌的轿车开始，奔驰汽车就成为汽车工业的楷模。100多 年来，奔驰品牌一直是汽车技术创新的先驱者。 自从奔驰制造了第一辆世界公认的汽车后，一百多年过 去了，汽车早已度过了他的百岁寿辰，而在这一百多年来， 随着汽车工业的篷勃发展，曾涌现出很多的汽车厂家，也有 显赫一时的，但最终不过是昙花一现。到如今，能够经历风 风雨雨而最终保存下来的，不过三四家，而百年老店，仅有 奔驰一家。
豪华再升级新一代梅赛德斯-奔驰长轴距E级轿车
MERCEDES-BENZ 豪华再升级E-CLflSS L新一代梅赛德斯-奔驰长轴距E 级轿车70余年历史积淀、历经十代、全 球1400万辆，这就是梅赛德斯- 奔驰E 级车创造的无可比拟的辉 煌，如今，在中国，新一代梅赛 德斯-奔驰长轴距E 级轿车再一 次迎来了全面的豪华升级。
T e x t 李耕/为梅赛德斯-奔驰历史最悠I F 1久的车型，E 级车自1947年问世以来历经十代演化，在全球 共交付超过1400万辆，成为梅赛 德斯-奔驰家族历史上最畅销车型。
梅赛德斯-奔驰E 级车用70余年 的历史积淀，通过对行政级轿车用 户需求的深刻理解，很好地诠释 了 “何为豪华”。
第10代E 级车自 2016年上市以来在全球已经拥有超 过120万客户，在中国，有了长轴 距的加持，更是在同级市场上销量 领先。
今年，长轴距E 级轿车在中 国市场迎来了中期改款，从各个方 面都进行了升级，让商务豪华体验 也同步升级。
设计升级新一代梅赛德斯-奔驰长轴距E 级轿车在设计上又有了新的突破， 在前脸部分共有两种全新的设计风 格，一种是偏向豪华商务的新一代 长轴距E 级轿车，它采用全新几何 盾型格栅造型搭配经典立标，环绕 盾型格栅的镀铬饰条宽度变窄了， 这样能够让视觉重心更低，也更显 稳重，加上源于迈巴赫S 级的前包 围设计，传递出优雅自信的气质。
另一种是强调运动特质的新一代长 轴E 级运动轿车，采用以大标为中 心的向外延展式的闪钻格栅，造型 熠熠生辉。
AM G 风格的前包围彰显 运动气息，两侧双幅的风刃造型与 格栅呼应，发动机盖上隆起的双棱 线设计进一步强化了运动气势。
采用双前脸的设计，能够满足不同个 性的客户需求。
新一代长轴距E 级轿车在全新 的前大灯和尾灯的设计上融入了众 多中国元素，从名字上就能感受到 它们的气势。
“锋眉皓目” L E D 大灯：曰间 行车灯灯带采用犀利的折角造型， 并融入了中国“锋眉”书法，悬浮 式LED 光源设计如“皓目” 一般， 令大灯更加璀燦迷人，84颗独立LED 光源可以带来精细化的光束分布，同时针对各种复杂路况都能及 时切换灯光需求。
奔驰历史及零件编码部分
Truck 卡车
Diesel engine 柴油发动机
700 - 799
Major units 主要部件
Remarks: Vito 638 According to its usage , it can be listed in passenger car or commercial car
Network Development
6
Mercedes-Benz China Ltd.
Vehicle Data 车辆数据
Chassis Number 底盘号
WDB 124 026 1 B 141623 0 2 B
A, B, C, D, E F,G,H J,K 7,X
141623
Mercedes-Benz China
E=diesel-powered 4-matic 柴油车，4驱 Starting with model 210 the 4 number of model (from of body coded
从W210开始，底盘号的第5个数字与之对应的字符如下：
F=0(saloon) 标准轴距轿车
G=1(extendedd wheelbase) 长轴距
4
Unit Number
总成配件号
5
Part Number System 配件编码
Network Development
2
Mercedes-Benz China
Mercedes-Benz China Ltd.
Vehicle Data 车辆数据
Data card passenger Car’s
轿车车藉卡（EPC)
梅赛德斯-奔驰卡车历史车型系列
一、梅赛德斯－奔驰类别概览（一）梅赛德斯-奔驰轿车/乘用车分为smart，Mercedes-Benz，AMG，MAYBACH。
（二）梅赛德斯-奔驰轻型商用车Mercedes-Benz（三）戴姆勒载重车分为Mercedes-Benz中型和重型载重车；FREIGHTLINER 5-8级载重车，允许总重量超过6.4吨；WISTIRN STAR；Thomas校车；FUSO轻型，中型，重型载重车。
（四）戴姆勒客车分为Mercedes-Benz，SETRA，ORION。
二、梅赛德斯-奔驰载重车（一）讲解载重车柴油发动机高技术动力总成；自1990以来，颗粒物和氮氧化物排放量平均下降了90%以上。
（二）100多年载重车制造经验1896年向British Motor Syndicate Ltd.交付第一辆梅赛德斯-奔驰载重车（由威廉迈巴赫设计）；在替代驱动机构和主动/被动安全性领域内富有开拓精神与划时代的创新。
梅赛德斯-奔驰载重车主要在欧洲和拉丁美洲生产。
自1956年起在巴西生产；销往全球各地。
作为全球重型和中型载重车的领导者，梅赛德斯-奔驰这个名称就是一流的产品/服务质量以及高经济性、可靠性的代名词。
梅赛德斯-奔驰为所有客户要求提供个性化解决方案。
长途运输分散运输建筑工地运输（三）载重车分类1、轻型/中型载重车允许满载重量6-30吨欧洲产阿迪戈－允许满载重量：6.6-16吨汽车用途：分散运输、轻型国内长途运输、建筑工地交通、消防和市政使用发动机：直列4缸和6缸输出功率：95千瓦、115千瓦、130千瓦、160千瓦、175千瓦、188千瓦、210千瓦底盘：4X2、4X4。
巴西产阿克赛罗－允许满载重量：20-30吨输出功率：130-180千瓦2、重型载重车允许满载重量16-41吨欧洲产阿克托斯－允许满载重量：18-41吨汽车用途：长途运输、重型分散运输、建筑工地用车发动机：6缸和8缸V型发动机输出功率：235千瓦、300千瓦、335千瓦、265千瓦、320千瓦、350千瓦、375千瓦、405千瓦、440千瓦底盘：4X2、4X4、6X2/2、6X2/4、6X4、6X6、8X4/4、8X6/4、8X8/4欧洲产阿克索－允许满载重量：18-41吨汽车用途：重型分散运输、国内长途运输、建筑工地交通、消防和市政命名用发动机：直列6缸输出功率：175千瓦、188千瓦、210千瓦、240千瓦、265千瓦、295千瓦、315千瓦底盘：4X2、4X4、6X2、6X4、6X2/4、6X4。
第一个大奔(德国),Mercedes-Benz梅塞德斯-奔驰,相信
第一个大奔(德国），Mercedes-Benz梅塞德斯-奔驰, 相信这个大家都识得。
宝马(德国），据说是美女的最爱，大老远就可以认出来他那个鼻子。
Volkswagen大众(德国),最近大POLO、还有桑塔纳都是这个标识。
GM的别克BUICK (美国通用汽车)奥迪(德国)劳斯莱斯(英国)CADILLAC凯迪拉克, 花冠和盾牌是凯迪拉克标徽永久不变的林肯CHEVROLET雪佛莱沃尔沃(瑞典)据说是全球最安全的车，前几天看新浪的报道，沃尔沃还真是有点条。
雷诺-法国本田-日本现代-韩国三菱-日本丰田-日本劳斯莱斯[ROLLS·ROYCE英国]凌志[日本]标致[法国]阿尔法.罗米欧(意大利)Saab绅宝（瑞典)莲花(英国)loust 别以为这是被IBM收购的LOUST1-2-3阿库拉(小日本)小日本的车，听说还不错,不过没见过，见意大家好好看看这个牌子以后买车千万不要买日本车。
福特.水星(美国)还有另一种相信大家都见过，就是福特的英文。
克莱斯勒(美国)捷豹(英国)克莱斯勒.顺风(美国)五十铃(日本),还是那句话建议大家好好看看这个牌子以后买车千万不要买日本车。
保时捷(德国)极品飞车五里面那一堆就是了。
红旗(中国)福特(美国)福特.林肯-美国还有个马自达(海南产，日本牌)斯柯达-捷克边赤-意大利斯鲍尔-德国双龙-韩国大宇-韩国富士重工-日本三星-中国西雅特-西班牙本特利-英国奥迪-德国菲亚特-意大利TVR-英国通用.旁蒂克-美国雪佛兰-美国阿斯顿.马丁-英国日野(日本人的车，一听就知道连田都要 + ，真让了受不了。
)大发(日本)Iveco 依维柯(意大利）欧宝(美国)普利茅斯(美国)克莱斯勒（Chrysler） (美国)福特(美国)凯迪拉克(美国)“野马”（MUSTANG）(美国)克尔维特（CORVETTE） (美国)鹰·吉普（Eagle Jeep）(美国)奥斯顿(英国)劳斯莱斯(英国)美洲虎（JAGUAR）跑车 (英国)爱希（AC）(英国)MG（MORRIS GARDGE）(英国)奥兹莫比尔[Oldsmobile美国]道奇[美国]法拉利[Ferrari意大利]起亚[韩国]兰博基尼[LAMBORGHINI意大利]兰旗亚[意大利]伊索[意大利]比亚乔[意大利]博通[意大利]平尼法里耶[意大利]布加迪[意大利]阿巴斯[意大利]玛沙拉帝[意大利]因诺桑帝[意大利]奥斯莫比 [Oldsmobile美国]美吉普公司墨丘利[美国]无限 [Infiniti日本]雪铁龙[法国]越野陆虎[LAND ROVER英国]日产[日本]土星[美国]通用[美国]通用汽车品牌悍马旁蒂克别克雪佛兰凯迪拉克欧宝萨博土星大宇奥兹莫比尔霍顿沃克斯豪尔宝马汽车品牌宝马劳斯莱斯 迷你本田汽车品牌本田Acura 讴歌标致-雪铁龙品牌标致雪铁龙戴姆勒-克莱斯勒品牌梅赛德斯-奔驰克莱斯勒吉普道奇迈巴赫smart奥迪大众宾利斯柯达兰博基尼布加蒂西雅特丰田汽车品牌丰田雷克萨斯大发斯巴鲁ScionVolvo福特阿斯顿-马丁马自达林肯路虎捷豹德国捷克罗马尼亚俄罗斯Trackback: /TrackBack.aspx?PostId=1392366。
Mercedes-Benz_彻底研究
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•ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
• 一句格言 一种坚持
• 「The best or nothing」这句话，不仅是创办人 Gottlieb Daimler 期待自己与员工事 事皆应力求完美、时时追求创新的座右铭，也激发了员工及车迷对于 Mercedes-Benz 在赛场上的热情。也因此替车坛打造出诸如鸥翼式车门等难以让人忘怀的线条，并擦 亮了三星标志的光芒。甚至 Mercedes-Benz还特别为这段故事拍摄了一部电视短片， 向年轻或刚开始要接触汽车的车友们，解释并诉说了这段值得回忆的过去。
2007 年英国车手汉密尔顿的加入，还让他在 2008年便荣获 F1 史上最年轻的冠军车手称号
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2009 年 11 月，结束与 McLaren车队的合作关系，Daimler AG 买下Brawn GP 车队，宣告 Mercedes-Benz 将以原厂车队挑战 F1， 并请来七届 F1 车手冠军车神舒马赫 与年轻小将罗斯伯格出马， 决心重返荣耀，再续第一代银箭的速度魅力
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影片中还以推出时间的先后顺序， 陆续出现 1886 年由 Gottlieb Daimler 一手设计、打造的全球 第一辆 4 轮汽车：Daimler motorized carriage
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Mercedes-Benz K 系列难以忘怀 的经典汽车。
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并已连续、不间断的方式，回顾了当年 W25「银 箭」赛车在赛车场上的英姿，以及由车神Michael Schumacher所驾驶、今天Mercedes GP车队 F1 赛车的风采。
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至于外观与内装方面，SLS AMG 则 是同样传承了 1954 年 300 SL的设计 和铺陈，以绝美的鸥翼式车门造型登 场，里外皆散发着迷人的速度魅力， 是 Mercedes-Benz 新一代立体 3D 品 牌识别标志中，最能代表“魅力”的 一块拼图
奔驰历史及零件编码部分
3
Engine Number 发动机号
4
Unit Number
总成配件号
5
Part Number System 配件编码
Vehicle Data 车辆数据
Data card passenger Car’s 轿车车藉卡（EPC)
Vehicle Data 车辆数据 Internal designation 底盘号分类
Vehicle Data 车辆数据 Chassis Number 底盘号
WDB 124 026 1 B 141623 0 2 B
A, B, C, D, E F,G,H J,K 7,X
141623
MG 手动波箱
AG 自动波箱 1960-1983, Factory ID letter 生产地 W代D码B1,(2af3ter 08/83)
Mercedes-Benz China Ltd.
• Non-Technical Training
Network Development Mercedes-Benz China Ltd.
Vehicle Data 车辆数据
1
Vehicle Datacard 车辆车藉卡
2
Chassis Number 底盘号
RL (right hand drive) 右舵
LL (left hand drive SKD / CKD) 左舵SKD / CKD
RL (right hand drive SKD / CKD) 右舵SKD / CCKKDD : completely knocked down 全拆散,当地组装 SKD : semi knocked down 部分拆散,当地组装 CBU : completely built up 整车
看经典如何传承 奔驰S级车型历史回顾
看经典如何传承奔驰S级车型历史回顾在豪华车市场中，奔驰S级无可争议的占据了霸主地位，很难有哪款车型能够取代奔驰S级在人们心目中的地位。
奔驰S级以优雅的外形、豪华的内部装饰，极舒适的乘坐感还有悠久的历史积淀，赢得了人们的认可。
每一代S级无论是设计还是技术，都带来了奔驰最先进的技术和最为完美的造车理念。
可以说每一代奔驰S级轿车都是经典。
下面我将陪大家一起来回顾奔驰S级的发展历程，看奔驰的经典是如何完美的传承。
●第一代奔驰S级 W187系列 220(1951-1954)第一代奔驰S级于1951年推出，当时的奔驰公司全称是戴姆勒奔驰，而不是现在的梅赛德斯奔驰。
戴姆勒奔驰在第一届法兰克福车展上发布了220和300辆款车型，这两款车型即是第一代S级，但是在当时使用Ponton的名称，而没有使用S-Class这个称呼。
动力系统为2.2L V6发动机，最大功率80马力。
『W187系列 220』220轿车的首席设计师Fritz Nallinger在1951年的报告中表示：“全新奔驰六缸发动机运用了最新的减震技术，将大型橡胶衬垫安装于底盘中，从而在实现出色动力的同时，最大程度上保证了车辆乘坐的舒适性；这是一款可以在任何转速下都能够低噪声运转并且没有震动的发动机，适用于任何场合，能够提供客户令人愉悦的驾驶旅程。
”奔驰率先为W187系列车型配备了暖风鼓风机，这个现在看来连大货车都有的配置，在当时算是很奢侈的配置。
暖风鼓风机的应用让W187的车主在寒冷的冬天可以在车内悠闲的享受温暖。
另外前轮双鼓式制动器的应用缩短了刹车距离，提供更高的安全性。
1951年11月，德国的《ADAC摩托世界》(《ADAC-Motorwelt》)发表评论：“从总体上来看，不仅220车型的操纵性远远超过了平均水平，而且我们大胆地认为世界上只有极少数车型具有像220车型那样完美的操纵性。
”1952年，瑞士的《汽车评论》(《Automobil Revue》)也写道：“毫无疑问，220车型令人目不暇接。
奔驰G级 MERCEDES-BENZ G-CLASS
006G-CLASSMERCEDES-BENZ奔驰G级 全新奔驰G 级一如既往地保留了经典的“方盒子”车身造型，最主要的变化在于其前进气格栅换装了三横幅镂空式造型，看起来更加阳刚。
此外还装备了全新造型的LED 前大灯以及“回”字形LED 尾灯。
由于新车运用了全新的钢铝混合结构，因此质量相比现款车型下降170 kg，而车身刚性相比上代车型提升了55%。
内饰的变化可以说翻天覆地，在应用全新家族化设计语言的同时，也保留了部分直线棱角线条设计，将豪华与粗犷完美的融于一体。
奔驰最新的双12.3英寸中控显示屏、带有双拇指控制（Dual Thumb Control）系统的方向盘也出现在车内，而经典的“三把锁”按键在该车上更不会缺失。
动力方面，目前全新G级仅推出了搭载4.0 L V8双涡轮增压汽油发动机的G 500车型，其最大功率为309 kW，峰值扭矩为610 N·m，搭载9挡自动变速器。
据悉，新车还将在晚些时候推出一款搭载3.0 L涡轮增压发动机和电动机组成的轻混动力车型、柴油版车型以及最大功率或达450 kW的AMG G 63车型。
007全新雷克萨斯LS、LC上市 2018年1月11日，旗舰级豪华轿车全新雷克萨斯LS及旗舰级豪华GT轿跑全新雷车型版本厂商建议零售价LC 500h126.8万元 新款自由光最大的变化在于取消了标志性的分体式前大灯设计，回归到正常样式，并且将LED日间行车灯与远近光灯组融为一体。
前保险杠采用了更加宽大的下进气口，同时对于两侧雾灯部分也进行了调整。
此外， Jeep标志性的7孔式前进气格栅依然得到了保留，但尺寸有所减小。
车身侧面并没有发生变化。
尾灯主要针对内部结构进行了调整，LED光带与竖条型的刹车灯让其更加具有辨识度。
下部保险杠造型更加宽大，牌照架也被移到了尾标下方。
内饰布局与现款车型保持一致，大尺寸多媒体屏幕也为内饰增加了时尚感，屏幕下方分别排列着空调控制区与多媒体控制区域。
2013款科鲁兹用户手册
佛
雪
“
8 简介
后视镜调节
车外后视镜
赛 方向盘调节
车内后视镜
校
大 能
职业学维修技
等与
中 用 选择相应的后视镜并调节。 国 运 请参见后文中的 “车外后视镜”。
用后视镜底部上的调节杆调节后视镜
2013年杯全”汽车 以减少眩光。
先解锁控制杆，调节方向盘到合适的 位置，然后接合固定控制杆并确保其 完全锁定。 请仅在车辆静止时调节方 向盘。 请参见 “安全气囊系统”、“点火开 关位置”。
有致命伤害的危险。 无视这些信息 可能危及生命。
警告 标有 “警告”标志的内容表明有事 故或伤害的危险。 无视这些信息可
律和规章要求，这些要求可能与本 《用户手册》的要求有出入。 如果本 《用户手册》中提到送维修站 维修保养，我们建议您到上汽通用汽 车销售有限公司雪佛兰特约售后服务
的最新信息。上海通用汽车有限
“
4 引言
赛 2013年杯全”国汽中车等运职用业与学维校修技能大
兰 佛 雪 “
简介 5
简介
初次驾驶信息
赛 电子钥匙
车辆解锁
大
初次驾驶信息............................5 无线遥控
校能
职业学维修技
等与
中 国
用 运
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
如果您的车辆配备有无钥匙开门和启 动系统，驾驶员只须随身携带电子钥
职业学维修技
雪 佛 兰 科 鲁 兹中用等 用户与 手 册
国运
全车
3年 汽 感谢您选择了由上海通用北盛汽车为您精心制造的汽车。 1 该车采用了高新科技，性能优良，久经考验。选择科鲁兹，证明您对汽车的性能和款式都有极高的要求。 0 ” 请通读本手册，因为其中的信息可让您了解如何正确操控汽车，并从中获得最大程度的驾乘享受。 2 杯 本车辆产品执行企业标准：Q/JQCJ 34-2012
汽车总体设计说明书
中北大学课程设计说明书学生姓名：学号：学院（系）：机械工程系专业：车辆工程题目：一汽大众宝来乘用车总体设计及各总成选型综合成绩：指导教师：职称: 教授2013年 12 月 30 日中北大学课程设计任务书2013/2014 学年第 1 学期学院（系）：机械工程专业：车辆工程学生姓名：学号：课程设计题目：一汽大众宝来乘用车整体设计及各总成选型起迄日期：12 月20 日～ 1 月 3 日课程设计地点：指导教师系主任：下达任务书日期: 2013 年12月20日课程设计任务书1．课程设计教学目的：（1）培养学生专业思想。
使学生了解以前所学理论知识和参加过得金工实习、工艺实习及专业生产实习等环节，都是为今后的专业设计、生产做准备，每一个环节都是为了培养一名合格的车辆工程专业人才而设置，车辆工程专业需要有扎实的专业基础知识和实践能力。
（2）提高结构设计能力。
通过课程设计，使学生学习和掌握汽车驱动桥的主减速器设计的程序和方法，树立正确的工程设计思想，培养独立的、全面的、科学的工程设计的能力。
（3）在课程设计实践中学会查找、翻阅和使用标准、规范、手册、图册和相关技术资料等。
2．课程设计的内容和要求：1、内容：一汽大众宝来乘用车整体设计及各总成选型2、具体参数：车型7 长宽高/mm前悬/后悬/mm前轮距/后轮距 / mm轴距/mm总质量/kg整备质量/kg一汽大众宝来437617351446873/990 1513/1494 2513 1830 1280额定承载人数发动机型号排量/mL发动机功率/kW轴数最高车速/(km/h)轮胎规格5 BJH 1595 74 2 182 195/65R153、要求：为给定基本设计参数的汽车进行总体设计，计算并匹配合适功率的发动机，轴荷分配和轴数，选择并匹配各总成部件的结构型式，计算确定各总成部件的主要参数，详细计算指定总成的设计参数，绘出指定总布置草图和乘员舱布置草图。
（1）驱动形式及主要参数的选择：驱动形式，布置形式，汽车主要参数的选择（2）发动机的选择（3）外形设计及总体布置：整车布置的基准线（面）—零线的确定，各部件的布置3．课程设计成果形式及要求：完成内容：（1）总布置草图1张（1号图）（2）驾驶舱布置草图1张（3号图）（3）零件图1张（3号图）（4）设计计算说明书1份4．主要参考文献：【1】王望予主编.汽车设计. 北京.机械工业出版社.2006【2】余志生主编.汽车理论. 北京.机械工业出版社.2007【3】龚微寒主编.汽车现代设计制造.北京.人民交通出版社.1995【4】刘维信主编.汽车设计.北京.清华大学出版社.2001【5】中国汽车工业经济技术信息研究所编.中国汽车零配件大全.机械工业出版社.2000【6】陈家瑞主编.汽车构造.北京.机械工业出版社.20055．工作计划及进度：2013 年 12 月20日~ 12 月 23日：设计与计算12 月 24 日~ 12 月 27日：编写设计说明书12 月28 日~ 12 月 31日：绘制CAD图2014 年 1 月 1 日~ 1 月 3日：设计答辩系主任审查意见：签字：年月日目录目录 (1)摘要 (3)1 汽车简介 (1)1.1前汽车时代 (1)1.2汽车登上历史舞台 (4)1.3西方的汽车发展 (4)1.4日本汽车发展 (4)2 汽车主要技术参数的确定 (5)2.1 汽车设计参数 (5)2.2汽车主要尺寸的确定 (5)2.2.1汽车的主要尺寸 (5)2.2.2 汽车的外廓尺寸 (6)2.3汽车主要性能参数的确定 (6)2.3.1 汽车动力性参数的确定 (6)2.3.2 汽车燃油经济性参数的确定 (6)2.3.3 汽车通过性性参数的确定 (6)3 汽车主要部件的选择及布置 (7)3.1 发动机的选择与布置 (7)3.1.1 发动机型式的选择 (7)3.1.2 发动机主要性能指标的选择 (7)3.2轮胎的选择 (10)3.3离合器的选择 (10)3.4万向传动轴的选择 (10)3.5主减速器的选择 (10)4 总体布置的计算 (11)4.1 轴荷分配及质心位置计算 (11)4.1.1平静时的轴荷分配及质心位置 (11)4.1.2 水平路面上汽车满载行驶时各轴的最大负荷计算 (13)4.1.3 制动时各轴的最大负荷计算 (14)4.2 驱动桥主减速器传动比的选择 (15)4.3 变速器传动比的选择 (15)4.3.1 变速器一档传动比的选择 (15)4.3.2 变速器档数和各档传动比的选择 (15)5 汽车动力性及燃油经济性计算 (17)5.1 汽车动力性能的计算 (17)5.1.1驱动平衡的计算 (17)5.1.2动力特性的计算 (19)5.2功率平衡计算 (22)5.3汽车燃油经济性的计算 (24)5.4 汽车不翻倒的条件计算 (25)5.4.1汽车不纵向翻倒的条件计算 (25)5.4.2 汽车不横向翻倒的条件计算 (25)5.5 汽车的最小转弯半径 (25)总结 (27)参考文献 (28)摘要本次课程设计的主要内容有：汽车的总体设计，主要包括设计顺序，轴数、驱动形式、布置形式的选择等；汽车主要技术参数的确定，包括汽车主要尺寸的确定（外廓尺寸、轴距等），汽车质量参数的确定（质量系数、总质量等）；发动机的选择；轴荷分配及质心位置的计算和轮胎的选择；主减速器传动比和变速器传动比的计算及变速器的选择；动力性能的计算，包括驱动平衡技算，动力特性计算，功率平衡计算；燃油经济性的计算；汽车稳定性的计算等。
微观经济学第八版课后习题答案第三章
Chapter 3Consumer BehaviorQuestions for Review1. What are the four basic assumptions about individual preferences? Explain the significance ormeaning of each.(1) Preferences are complete: this means that the consumer is able to compare and rank all possiblebaskets of goods and services. (2) Preferences are transitive: this means that preferences are consistent, in the sense that if bundle A is preferred to bundle B and bundle B is preferred to bundle C, then bundleA is preferred to bundle C. (3) More is preferred to less: this means that all goods are desirable, andthat the consumer always prefers to have more of each good. (4) Diminishing marginal rate ofsubstitution: this means that indifference curves are convex, and that the slope of the indifference curve increases (becomes less negative) as we move down along the curve. As a consumer moves down along her indifference curve she is willing to give up fewer units of the good on the vertical axis in exchange for one more unit of the good on the horizontal axis. This assumption also means that balanced market baskets are generally preferred to baskets that have a lot of one good and very little of the other good.2. Can a set of indifference curves be upward sloping? If so, what would this tell you about thetwo goods?A set of indifference curves can be upward sloping if we violate assumption number three: more ispreferred to less. When a set of indifference curves is upward sloping, it means one of the goods is a “bad” so that the consumer pref ers less of that good rather than more. The positive slope means that the consumer will accept more of the bad only if he also receives more of the other good in return. As we move up along the indifference curve the consumer has more of the good he likes, and also more of the good he does not like.3. Explain why two indifference curves cannot intersect.The figure below shows two indifference curves intersecting at point A. We know from the definition of an indifference curve that the consumer has the same level of utility for every bundle of goods that lies on the given curve. In this case, the consumer is indifferent between bundles A and B because they both lie on indifference curve U1. Similarly, the consumer is indifferent between bundles A and C because they both lie on indifference curve U2. By the transitivity of preferences this consumer should also be indifferent between C and B. However, we see from the graph that C lies above B, so C must be preferred to B because C contains more of Good Y and the same amount of Good X as does B, and more is preferred to less. But this violates transitivity, so indifference curves must not intersect.Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall.32 Pindyck/Rubinfeld, Microeconomics, Eighth EditionCopyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall.4. Jon is always willing to trade one can of Coke for one can of Sprite, or one can of Sprite for onecan of Coke.a. What can you say about Jon’s marginal rate of substitution?Jon’s marginal rate of substitution can be defined as the number of cans of Coke he would bewilling to give up in exchange for a can of Sprite. Since he is always willing to trade one for one, his MRS is equal to 1.b. Draw a set of indifference curves for Jon.Since Jon is always willing to trade one can of Coke for one can of Sprite, his indifference curves are linear with a slope of -1. See the diagrams below part c.c. Draw two budget lines with different slopes and illustrate the satisfaction-maximizing choice.What conclusion can you draw?J on’s indifference curves are linear with a slope of -1. Jon’s budget line is also linear, and will have a slope that reflects the ratio of the two prices. If Jon’s budget line is steeper than his indifference curves, he will choose to consume only the good on the vertical axis. If Jon’s budget line is flatter than his indifference curves, he will choose to consume only the good on the horizontal axis. Jon will always choose a corner solution where he buys only the less expensive good, unless his budget line has the same slope as his indifference curves. In this case any combination of Sprite and Cokethat uses up his entire income will maximize Jon’s satisfaction.The diagrams below show cases where Jon’s budget line is steeper than his indifference curvesand where it is flatter. Jon’s indifference curves are linear with slopes of -1, and four indifferencecurves are shown in each diagram as solid lines. Jon’s budget is $4.00. In the diagram on the left, Coke costs $1.00 and Sprite costs $2.00, so Jon can afford 4 Cokes (if he spends his entire budget on Coke) or 2 Sprites (if he spends his budget on Sprite). His budget line is the dashed line. Thehighest indifference curve he can reach is the one furthest to the right. He can reach that level ofutility by purchasing 4 Cokes and no Sprites. In the diagram on the right, the price of Coke is $2.00 and the price of Sprite is $1.00. Jon’s budget line is now flatter than his indifference curves, andhis optimal bundle is the corner solution with 4 Sprites and no Cokes.Chapter 3Consumer Behavior335. What happens to the marginal rate of substitution as you move along a convex indifferencecurve? A linear indifference curve?The MRS measures how much of a good you are willing to give up in exchange for one more unit of the other good, keeping utility constant. The MRS diminishes along a convex indifference curve.This occurs because as you move down along the indifference curve, you are willing to give up less and less of the good on the vertical axis in exchange for one more unit of the good on the horizontal axis. The MRS is also the negative of the slope of the indifference curve, which decreases (becomes closer to zero) as you move down along the indifference curve. The MRS is constant along a linear indifference curve because the slope does not change. The consumer is always willing to trade the same number of units of one good in exchange for the other.6. Explain why an MRS between two goods must equal the ratio of the price of the goods for theconsumer to achieve maximum satisfaction.The MRS describes the rate at which the consumer is willing to trade off one good for another to maintain the same level of satisfaction. The ratio of prices describes the trade-off that the consumer is able to make between the same two goods in the market. The tangency of the indifference curve with the budget line represents the point at which the trade-offs are equal and consumer satisfaction is maximized. If the MRS between two goods is not equal to the ratio of prices, then the consumer could trade one good for another at market prices to obtain higher levels of satisfaction. For example, if the slope of the budget line (the ratio of the prices) is 4, the consumer can trade 4 units of Y(the good on the vertical axis) for one unit of X (the good on the horizontal axis). If the MRS at the current bundle is 6, then the consumer is willing to trade 6 units of Y for one unit of X. Since the two slopes are not equal the consumer is not maximizing her satisfaction. The consumer is willing to trade 6 but only has to trade 4, so she should make the trade. This trading continues until the highest level of satisfaction is achieved. As trades are made, the MRS will change and eventually become equal to the price ratio.7. Describe the indifference curves associated with two goods that are perfect substitutes. What ifthey are perfect complements?Two goods are perfect substitutes if the MRS of one for the other is a constant number. In this case, the slopes of the indifference curves are constant, and the indifference curves are therefore linear. If two goods are perfect complements, the indifference curves are L-shaped. In this case the consumer wants to consume the two goods in a fixed proportion, say one unit of good 1 for every one unit of good 2. If she has more of one good than the other, she does not get any extra satisfaction from the additional units of the first good.8. What is the difference between ordinal utility and cardinal utility? Explain why the assumptionof cardinal utility is not needed in order to rank consumer choices.Ordinal utility implies an ordering among alternatives without regard for intensity of preference. For example, if the c onsumer’s first choice is preferred to his second choice, then utility from the first34Pindyck/Rubinfeld, Microeconomics,Eighth Editionchoice will be higher than utility from the second choice. How much higher is not important. An ordinal utility function generates a ranking of bundles and no meaning is given to the magnitude of the utility number itself. Cardinal utility implies that the intensity of preferences may be quantified, and that the utility number itself has meaning. An ordinal ranking is all that is needed to rank consumer choices. It is not necessary to know how intensely a consumer prefers basket A over basket B; it is enough to know that A is preferred to B.9. Upon merging with the West German economy, East German consumers indicated a preferencefor Mercedes-Benz automobiles over Volkswagens. However, when they converted their savings into deutsche marks, they flocked to Volkswagen dealerships. How can you explain thisapparent paradox?There is no paradox. Preferences do not involve prices, and East German consumers preferredMercedes based solely on product characteristics. However, Mercedes prices are considerablyhigher than Volkswagen prices. So, even though East German consumers preferred a Mercedes to a Volkswagen, they either could not afford a Mercedes or they preferred a bundle of other goods plus a Volkswagen to a Mercedes alone. While the marginal utility of consuming a Mercedes exceeded the marginal utility of consuming a Volkswagen, East German consumers considered the marginal utility per dollar for each good and, for most of them, the marginal utility per dollar was higher forVolkswagens. As a result, they flocked to Volkswagen dealerships to buy VWs.10. Draw a budget line and then draw an indifference curve to illustrate the satisfaction-maximizing choice associated with two products. Use your graph to answer the followingquestions.a. Suppose that one of the products is rationed. Explain why the consumer is likely to beworse off.When goods are not rationed, the consumer is able to choose the satisfaction-maximizing bundle where the slope of the budget line is equal to the slope of the indifference curve, or the price ratio is equal to the MRS. This is point A in the diagram below where the consumer buys G1 of good 1 and G2 of good 2 and achieves utility level U2. If good 1 is now rationed at G* the consumer will no longer be able to attain the utility maximizing point. He or she cannot purchase amounts ofgood 1 exceeding G*. As a result, the consumer will have to purchase more of the othergood instead. The highest utility level the consumer can achieve with rationing is U1 at point B.This is not a point of tangency, and the consumer’s utility is lower than at point A, so theconsumer is worse off as a result of rationing.Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall.Chapter 3Consumer Behavior35b. Suppose that the price of one of the products is fixed at a level below the current price. As aresult, the consumer is not able to purchase as much as she would like. Can you tell if theconsumer is better off or worse off?No, the consumer could be better off or worse off. When the price of one good is fixed at alevel below the current (equilibrium) price, there will be a shortage of that good, and the goodwill be effectively rationed. In the diagram below, the price of good 1 has been reduced, and theconsumer’s budget line has rotated out to the right. The consumer would like to purchase bundle B, but the amount of good 1 is restricted because of a shortage. If the most the consumer can purchase is G*, she will be exactly as well off as before, because she will be able to purchase bundle C on her original indifference curve. If there is more than G* of good 1 available, the consumer will bebetter off, and if there is less than G*, the consumer will be worse off.11. Describe the equal marginal principle. Explain why this principle may not hold if increasingmarginal utility is associated with the consumption of one or both goods.The equal marginal principle states that to obtain maximum satisfaction the ratio of the marginal utility to price must be equal across all goods. In other words, utility maximization is achieved when the budget is allocated so that the marginal utility per dollar of expenditure (MU/P) is the same for each good. If the MU/P ratios are not equal, allocating more dollars to the good with the higher MU/P will increase utility. As more dollars are allocated to this good its marginal utility will decrease,which causes its MU/P to fall and ultimately equal that of the other goods.If marginal utility is increasing, however, allocating more dollars to the good with the larger MU/P causes MU to increase, and that good’s MU/P just keeps getting larger and larger. In this case, the36Pindyck/Rubinfeld, Microeconomics,Eighth Editionconsumer should spend all her income on this good, resulting in a corner solution. With a corner solution, the equal marginal principle does not hold.12. The price of computers has fallen substantially over the past two decades. Use this drop in priceto explain why the Consumer Price Index is likely to overstate substantially the cost-of-living index for individuals who use computers intensively.The Consumer Price Index measures the cost of a basket of goods purchased by a typical consumer in the current year relative to the cost of the basket in the base year. Each good in the basket is assigneda weight, which reflects the importance of the good to the typical consumer, and the weights arekept fixed from year to year. One problem with fixing the weights is that consumers will shift their purchases from year to year to give more weight to goods whose prices have fallen, and less weight to goods whose prices have risen. The CPI will therefore give too much weight to goods whoseprices have risen, and too little weight to goods whose prices have fallen. In addition, for non-typical individuals who use computers intensively, the fixed weight for computers in the basket will understate the importance of this good, and will hence understate the effect of the fall in the price of computers for these individuals. The CPI will overstate the rise in the cost of living for this type of individual.13. Explain why the Paasche index will generally understate the ideal cost-of-living index.The Paasche index measures the current cost of the current bundle of goods relative to the base year cost of the current bundle of goods. The Paasche index will understate the ideal cost-of-living index because it assumes the individual buys the current year bundle in the base period. In reality, at base year prices the consumer would have been able to attain the same level of utility at a lower cost by altering his or her consumption bundle in light of the base year prices. Since the base year cost is overstated, the denominator of the Paasche index will be too large and the index will be too low, or understated.Exercises1. In this chapter, consumer preferences for various commodities did not change during theanalysis. In some situations, however, preferences do change as consumption occurs.Discuss why and how preferences might change over time with consumption of these twocommodities:a. CigarettesThe assumption that preferences do not change is a reasonable one if choices are independentacross time. It does not hold, however, when “habit-forming” or addictive behavior is involved,as in the case of cigarettes. The consumpt ion of cigarettes in one period influences the consumer’spreference for cigarettes in the next period: the consumer desires cigarettes more because he hasbecome more addicted to them.b. Dinner for the first time at a restaurant with a special cuisineThe first time you eat at a restaurant with a special cuisine can be an exciting new diningexperience. This may make eating at the restaurant more desirable. But once you’ve eaten there,it isn’t so exciting to do it again (“been there, done that”), and pre ference changes. On the otherhand, some people prefer to eat at familiar places where they don’t have to worry about new and unknown cuisine. For them, the first time at the restaurant would be less pleasant, but once they’veeaten there and discovered they like the food, they would find further visits to the restaurant more desirable. In both cases, preferences change as consumption occurs.Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall.Chapter 3Consumer Behavior37 2. Draw indifference curves that represent the following individuals’ preferences for hamburgersand soft drinks. I ndicate the direction in which the individuals’ satisfaction (or utility) isincreasing.a. Joe has convex preferences and dislikes both hamburgers and soft drinks.Since Joe dislikes both goods, he prefers less to more, and his satisfaction is increasing in thedirection of the origin. Convexity of preferences implies his indifference curves will have thenormal shape in that they are bowed towards the direction of increasing satisfaction. Convexity also implies that given any two bundles between which the Joe is indifferent, any linear combination of the two bundles will be in the preferred set, or will leave him at least as well off. This is true of the indifference curves shown in the diagram below.b. Jane loves hamburgers and dislikes soft drinks. If she is served a soft drink, she will pour itdown the drain rather than drink it.Since Jane can freely dispose of the soft drink if it is given to her, she considers it to be a neutral good. This means she does not care about soft drinks one way or the other. With hamburgers on the vertical axis, her indifference curves are horizontal lines. Her satisfaction increases in theupward direction.c. Bob loves hamburgers and dislikes soft drinks. If he is served a soft drink, he will drink it tobe polite.Since Bob will drink the soft drink in order to be polite, it can be thought of as a “bad.” Whenserved another soft drink, he will require more hamburgers at the same time in order to keep his satisfaction constant. More soft drinks without more hamburgers will worsen his utility. Morehamburgers and fewer soft drinks will increase his utility, so his satisfaction increases as wemove upward and to the left.38 Pindyck/Rubinfeld, Microeconomics, Eighth EditionCopyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall.d. Molly loves hamburgers and soft drinks, but insists on consuming exactly one soft drink forevery two hamburgers that she eats.Molly wants to consume the two goods in a fixed proportion so her indifference curves areL-shaped. For a fixed amount of one good, she gets no extra satisfaction from having more of theother good. She will only increase her satisfaction if she has more of both goods.e. Bill likes hamburgers, but neither likes nor dislikes soft drinks.Like Jane, Bill considers soft drinks to be a neutral good. Since he does not care about soft drinks one way or the other we can assume that no matter how many he has, his utility will be the same. His level of satisfaction depends entirely on how many hamburgers he has, so his satisfactionincreases in the upward direction only.f. Mary always gets twice as much satisfaction from an extra hamburger as she does from anextra soft drink.How much extra satisfaction Mary gains from an extra hamburger or soft drink tells us something about the marginal utilities of the two goods and about her MRS . If she always receives twice the satisfaction from an extra hamburger then her marginal utility from consuming an extra hamburger is twice her marginal utility from consuming an extra soft drink. Her MRS , with hamburgers onthe vertical axis, is 1/2 because she will give up one hamburger only if she receives two softdrinks. Her indifference curves are straight lines with a slope of 1/2.Chapter 3 Consumer Behavior 393. If Jane is currently willing to trade 4 movie tickets for 1 basketball ticket, then she must likebasketball better than movies. True or false? Explain.This statement is not necessarily true. If she is always willing to trade 4 movie tickets for 1 basketball ticket then yes, she likes basketball better because she will always gain the same satisfaction from 4 movie tickets as she does from 1 basketball ticket. However, it could be that she has convex preferences (diminishing MRS ) and is at a bundle where she has a lot of movie tickets relative to basketball tickets. As she gives up movie tickets and acquires more basketball tickets, her MRS will fall. If MRS falls far enough she might get to the point where she would require, say, two basketball tickets to give up another movie ticket. It would not mean though that she liked basketball better, just that she had a lot of basketball tickets relative to movie tickets. Her willingness to give up a good depends on the quantity of each good in her current basket.4. Janelle and Brian each plan to spend $20,000 on the styling and gas mileage features of a new car.They can each choose all styling, all gas mileage, or some combination of the two. Janelle does not care at all about styling and wants the best gas mileage possible. Brian likes both equally and wants to spend an equal amount on each. Using indifference curves and budget lines, illustrate the choice that each person will make.Plot thousands of dollars spent on styling on the vertical axis and thousands spent on gas mileage on the horizontal axis as shown above. Janelle, on the left, has indifference curves that are vertical. If the styling is there she will take it, but she otherwise does not care about it. As her indifference curves move over to the right, she gains more gas mileage and more satisfaction. She will spend all $20,000 on gas mileage at point J . Brian, on the right, has indifference curves that are L-shaped. He will not spend more on one feature than on the other feature. He will spend $10,000 on styling and $10,000 on gas mileage. His optimal bundle is at point B .5. Suppose that Bridget and Erin spend their incomes on two goods, food (F ) and clothing (C ).Bridget’s preferences are repres ented by the utility function (,)10U F C FC =, while Erin’spreferences are represented by the utility function 22(,)0.20U F C F C =.40 Pindyck/Rubinfeld, Microeconomics, Eighth EditionCopyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall. a. With food on the horizontal axis and clothing on the vertical axis, identify on a graph the setof points that give Bridget the same level of utility as the bundle (10,5). Do the same forErin on a separate graph.The bundle (10,5) contains 10 units of food and 5 of clothing. Bridget receives a utility of10(10)(5) = 500 from this bundle. Thus, her indifference curve is represented by the equation10FC = 500 or C = 50/F . Some bundles on this indifference curve are (5,10), (10,5), (25,2),and (2,25). It is plotted in the diagram below. Erin receives a utility of 0.2(102)(52) = 500 fromthe bundle (10,5). Her indifference curve is represented by the equation 0.2F 2C 2 = 500, or C =50/F . This is the same indifference curve as Bridget. Both indifference curves have the normal,convex shape.b. On the same two graphs, identify the set of bundles that give Bridget and Erin the samelevel of utility as the bundle (15,8).For each person, plug F = 15 and C = 8 into their respective utility functions. For Bridget, thisgives her a utility of 1200, so her indifference curve is given by the equation 10FC = 1200, orC = 120/F . Some bundles on this indifference curve are (12,10), (10,12), (3,40), and (40,3). Theindifference curve will lie above and to the right of the curve diagrammed in part a. This bundlegives Erin a utility of 2880, so her indifference curve is given by the equation 0.2F 2C 2 = 2880, orC = 120/F . This is the same indifference curve as Bridget.c. Do you think Bridget and Erin have the same preferences or different preferences? Explain.They have the same preferences because their indifference curves are identical. This means theywill rank all bundles in the same order. Note that it is not necessary that they receive the samelevel of utility for each bundle to have the same set of preferences. All that is necessary is thatthey rank the bundles in the same order.6. Suppose that Jones and Smith have each decided to allocate $1000 per year to an entertainmentbudget in the form of hockey games or rock concerts. They both like hockey games and rock concerts and will choose to consume positive quantities of both goods. However, they differ substantially in their preferences for these two forms of entertainment. Jones prefers hockey games to rock concerts, while Smith prefers rock concerts to hockey games.a. Draw a set of indifference curves for Jones and a second set for Smith.Given they each like both goods and they will each choose to consume positive quantities of both goods, we can assume their indifference curves have the normal convex shape. However sinceJones has an overall preference for hockey and Smith has an overall preference for rock concerts, their two sets of indifference curves will have different slopes. Suppose that we place rock concerts on the vertical axis and hockey games on the horizontal axis, Jones will have a larger MRS thanSmith. Jones is willing to give up more rock concerts in exchange for a hockey game since heprefers hockey games. Thus, indifference curves for Jones will be steeper than the indifferencecurves for Smith.b. Using the concept of marginal rate of substitution, explain why the two sets of curves aredifferent from each other.At any combination of hockey games and rock concerts, Jones is willing to give up more rock concerts for an additional hockey game, whereas Smith is willing to give up fewer rock concerts for an additional hockey game. Since the MRS is a measure of how many of one good (rock concerts) an individual is willing to give up for an additional unit of the other good (hockey games), the MRS , and hence the slope of the indifference curves, will be different for the two individuals.7. The price of DVDs (D ) is $20 and the price of CDs (C ) is $10. Philip has a budget of $100 to spend on the two goods. Suppose that he has already bought one DVD and one CD. In addition there are 3 more DVDs and 5 more CDs that he would really like to buy.a. Given the above prices and income, draw his budget line on a graph with CDs on the horizontal axis.His budget line is +=D C P D P C I , or 20D + 10C = 100. If he spends his entire income on DVDs he can afford to buy 5. If he spends his entire income on CDs he can afford to buy 10. His budget line is linear with these two points as intercepts.b. Considering what he has already purchased and what he still wants to purchase, identify the three different bundles of CDs and DVDs that he could choose. For this part of the question, assume that he cannot purchase fractional units.He has already purchased one of each for a total of $30, so he has $70 left. Since he wants 3 more DVDs, he can buy these for $60 and spend his remaining $10 on 1 CD. This is the first bundle below. He could also choose to buy only 2 DVDs for $40 and spend the remaining $30 on 3 CDs. This is the second bundle. Finally, he could purchase 1 more DVD for $20 and spend the remaining $50 on the 5 CDs he would like. This is the final bundle shown in the table below.Purchased Quantities Total Quantities DVDsCDs DVDs CDs 31 42 23 34 15 2 68. Anne has a job that requires her to travel three out of every four weeks. She has an annual travel budget and can travel either by train or by plane. The airline on which she typically flies has a frequent-traveler program that reduces the cost of her tickets according to the number of miles she has flown in a given year. When she reaches 25,000 miles, the airline will reduce the price of her tickets by 25% for the remainder of the year. When she reaches 50,000 miles, the airline will reduce the price by 50% for the remainder of the year. Graph Anne’s budget line, with train miles on the vertical axis and plane miles on the horizontal axis.The typical budget line is linear (with a constant slope) because prices do not change. In this case, the price of airline miles changes depending on how many miles Anne purchases. As the price changes, the slope of the budget line changes. Because there are three prices, there will be three slopes (and two kinks) to the budget line. Since the price falls as Anne flies more miles, her budget line will become flatter with each price change.。
奔驰历史及零件编码部分
3
Engine Number 发动机号
4
Unit Number
总成配件号
5
Part Number System 配件编码
Network Development
2
Mercedes-Benz China
Mercedes-Benz China Ltd.
Vehicle Data 车辆数据
Data card passenger Car’s
MG 手动波箱 AG 自动波箱
1960-1983, WDB123
Factory ID letter 生产地代码,(after 08/83)
Factory Sindelfingen Factory Bremen Factory Rastatt Factory Graz, Austria Serial number 生产流水号
B
Serien-Nr. 1.000001 1.999999
C
Serien-Nr. 2.000001 2.999999
D
Serien-Nr. 3.000001 3.999999
E
Serien-Nr. 4.000001 4.999999
Werk Bremen不来梅
F
Serien-Nr. 000001
999999
Network Development
4
Mercedes-Benz China Ltd.
Vehicle Data 车辆数据
Chassis Number 底盘号
WDB 124 026 1 B 141623
WDB 124 026 124 026 0
Mercedes-Benz China
World manufacture code 生产商代码 Sales designation ( 260 E )销售型号 type 车系 Model 型号 Engine type 0-- 汽油机
2013款奔驰C级轿车精美宣传手册
UNHE MULTIFACETED, MULTI-TALENTED C -CLASS SPORT SEDANS AND LUXURY SEDANS.
Sport Sedans with a racy attitude. Luxury Sedans with an elegant air. Is it a case of split personality? Far from it. No matter which C-Class Sedan suits you best, each delivers the best of both worlds: purebred performance with pedigreed refinement, with each attribute expertly tailored to fit your own personality. Do you see yourself within the muscular bodywork, bold grille and aggressive stance of the Sport Sedans? Or do the sleek sculpting and chrome grille of the Luxury Sedans reflect your polished panache? Either way, their distinctive characteristics stem from the same depth of character. Their new-generation engines and advanced suspensions match eager response with efficient precision. Exclusive safety innovations and generous luxuries anticipate your needs while tending to your desires. And from behind the wheel, your every sensation reveals the defining quality of a Mercedes-Benz: undivided attention to each detail.
从2013年的梅赛德斯-奔驰（M...
从2013年的梅赛德斯-奔驰（M...行车系统功能配置1. 盲点辅助/主动式盲点辅助系统功能描述：由梅赛德斯-奔驰开发的盲点辅助系统利用雷达技术监测车辆侧面3米和后方3米的区域。
该系统在时速30公里/小时时开始生效，随后外后视镜中的黄色视觉指示器消失。
如果系统检测到盲点内有其他车辆，在第一阶段会在相应的外后视镜中亮起红色危险警告三角灯。
如果驾驶员不顾视觉警告而设置转向灯，则在第二阶段还会发出声音警告。
主动式盲点辅助系统建立在盲点辅助系统的功能基础上。
该系统还可以在第三阶段通过在车速30-200公里/小时的范围内进行单侧、有针对性的制动，纠正车辆的行驶路线，从而帮助避免事故的发生。
驾驶员可以通过反转方向盘角度(1.5-2.5米)来中止纠正路线的制动系统干预。
> 5°以上，或通过踩下加速踏板使其位置改变10%以上。
功能扩展：准备就绪指示灯显示在仪表盘上，而不是以外后视镜中黄色三角形组成的视觉指示器的形式显示。
警报指示器在外后视镜和仪表盘上不显示。
系统限制：在护栏或混凝土围墙附近可发出错误警告，在射电天文设施附近，系统会通过导航数据自动关闭。
可可靠地检测到速度差达35公里/小时的超车。
在超车过程中，速度差不超过12公里/小时的车辆会发出警告。
在某些情况下，速度差更大的车辆可能会被检测到，但太晚或根本没有检测到。
因此，任何警告都可能来得太晚或根本没有。
当车速大于200公里/小时时，在出现严重的纵向或横向加速时，只发出警告，而不进行路线修正的制动系统干预。
系统组成：盲点辅助系统组件，无需额外的控制单元。
- 2个短距离传感器（NBR），位于后保险杠外侧。
盲点辅助部件，带附加控制单元。
- 后保险杠外侧有2个NBR- 1个雷达传感器控制单元(SGR)- 在MOPF之前的BR 221上：前保险杠有2个NBR，后保险杠有4个NBR。
主动盲点辅助系统的组成部分。
- 后保险杠外侧有2个NBR- 1个雷达传感器控制单元(SGR)- 1部长程雷达诊断- 雷达传感器控制单元（SGR）- 左后外侧智能雷达传感器控制单元(IRS-HLA)- 右后外侧智能雷达传感器控制单元(IRS- HRA)(带盲点辅助系统，无附加控制单元)主动盲点辅助系统1 在道路作业区的护栏或混凝土边墙附近可能会发出虚假警告。
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制作 用途 适用条件 使用建议 尺寸 品牌
2013大型物料制作/2013 Big Pack Production
越野教具/ Off-road kit
驼峰 Uphill & downhill 制作：40mm方管x2cm厚焊接制作五金件连接。 规格： H2400*L12000 *W3000 mm 侧倾坡 侧倾坡 Slope 40mm方管x2cm厚焊接制作五金件连接。 规格： H1500*L10000 *W3000 mm
பைடு நூலகம்
波浪路面 Wave Road 40mm方管x2cm厚焊接制作五金件连接。 规格： H150x L10000 x W3000 mm
之字木 Zigzagged Bump 钢木结构。 规格： H100*L10000 *W3000 mm
3
1
2013大型物料制作/2013 Big Pack Production
多功能棚房 多功能棚房/Functional Tent
多功能篷房/Functional Tent
进口篷架，国产篷布，边高3米，地台配耳朵型不锈钢包边，高度为15cm。7个 配重点，每个点需加1吨配重。正面楣板喷绘LOGO及文字。室内黑色隔断墙体 为钢木结构，黑色烤漆饰面。 试乘试驾培训及休息功能。 供室外使用。 帐篷配7个配重底座和配重筐及白色PVC罩，使用时每个配重筐需加一吨配重，6 级风以上停止使用。 H4820mm x L10130mm x W10070mm LOSBERGER 2
2013大型物料制作/2013 Big Pack Production
车辆信息牌/Car Information Stand
制作：中间部分为铝板表面白色氟碳喷 涂，外部铝表面黑色氟碳喷涂， 铁质底座喷塑含配重。 美工： 银色即时贴字，车辆数据为高光 相纸喷绘。 透明亚克力插槽，可将A4大小车 辆信息直接插入 用途： 展车数据展示功能。 适用条件： 供室内使用 。 尺寸：H1400mm x L440mm x W300mm