定语从句3

定语从句在复合句中修饰某_____、_______从句叫做定语从句。

它的作用相当于______。

被定语从句修饰的词叫_______。

引导定语从句的词有：关系代词(who,_____, ______, which,______, as)和关系副词(when,_______,why,______)。

定语从句的引导词均要在句中充当一定的句子成分。

一关系代词的用法1. who 指人，主格，在定语从句中作主语，不能省略。

1)Those who want to go may go with me.2)站在那儿的那个人是我的表兄。

_________________________________________________ 2. whom 指人，宾格，在定语从句中作宾语，可以省略。

1)The fellow (whom) I spoke to made no answer at first.2)我给书的那个女孩是我的表妹。

_______________________________________________3)你和他交朋友的那个人不是好人。

___________________________________________注：在现代英语中可以用who代替 whom ，但如果关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语且介词位于引导词之前时，则不可用who，例如：*Mary married the man________________ she didn’t like.*The man to __________ you spoke is a model worker.3.whose 指人和物，指物时可以和 of ______ 换用；指人时可以和of ______ 换用。

Whose 是所有格，在定语从句中作_______，如：1) He mentioned a book whose author (=the author of which) is a famous writer.2) 腿断了的那张桌子在哪儿?____________________________________________________3)我曾经认识一个记忆力很差的教授。

____________________________________________________________________________ 4)我们班有三十个家住乡下的学生。

____________________________________________________________________________ 4.which 指物，在定语从句中作主语和宾语。

作宾语时可以省略。

This is the book (which) I bought yesterday.关系代词which和whom在定语从句中作介词宾语时，介词可以放在关系代词之前，也可以放在动词之后。

介词提前时，关系代词不可省略，也不可用that，如：1)The book __________________ you talked about just now was important.=The book about __________ you talked just now were important.2)The man ____________________ you referred to is my cousin.=The man to _____________ you referred is my cousin.3)The house in________ we lived wasn’t big enough.4)The house ____________________ we lived in wasn’t big enough.5. that 既指人又指物，在定语从句中作主语，宾语，表语，如：1)Do you know the man that is standing there?2)汤姆已经不再是以前的那个懒惰的孩子了。

_____________________________________________________________________________ 3)这就是我们去年参观过的那个工厂。

____________________________________________________________________________that指物时，一般都可以和which换用，但在下列几种情况下只能用that。

(1)当先行词为all, everything, something, nothing, anything, little, few, many, much, some等不定代词时。

1)He knows much that is of no use.2)All that I want to do is lying in bed resting.3)There is little that can be done.(2)当先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little, much等修饰时。

1) I have read all the books that you give me.2) There is little food that can be eaten at present.(3) 当先行词被序数词或者最高级修饰时。

1)Qingdao is one of the best places that we visited last year.2)This is the second lesson that we have learnt this term.(4)当先行词被the only, the very, the last修饰时。

1)This is the very book that I want to buy.2)The flower is the only one that I want to wear.3)This is the last lesson that I shall give you.(5)当主句是由who或者which开头的特殊问句时。

Who is the man that is standing there under the tree?Which is the book that you bought in Beijing?(6)当先行词既指人又指物时。

We talked about the teachers and the school that we had seen.6. As(1)引导一个属于附加说明性质的定语从句，as代表主句所表示的整个内容，在定语从句中作主语，宾语，表语。

这种由as引导的定语从句可以放在主句之前，也可以放在主句之后，而且要用“，”与主句分开，如：1)As we have seen, oceans cover nearly 70 percent of the earth.2)正如他所指出，劳动创造了人类本身。

____________________________________________________________________________3)众所周知，台湾是中国领土的一部分。

____________________________________________________________________________ 由as引导的非限制性定语从句可以代表主句表示的整个内容或与主句相似的情况.它既可以放在主句之前，也可以放在之后。

which引导的非限制性定语从句不可放在主句之前，而且只能代主句表主句所表示的整个内容，不能代表与主句相似的情况，如：1) He must come from Africa,______________ can be seen from his skin.2) _________ anybody knows, he is a complete liar.3)______ the old saying goes, there is no smoke without fire.二关系副词的用法1. when 表示时间，在定语从句中作状语。

其先行词一般是time, hour, day, week, month,year, morning等时间名词。

如：1)The day finally came when I was given the job.2)战争爆发的那年是1914年。

____________________________________________________________________________ 2.where 表地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。

其先行词通常是place, room, spot, school,country等地点名词。

1)We at last found the house where he lives.2)这就是交通事故经常发生的地方。

____________________________________________3)北京是一个重大事件经常发生的地方。

________________________________________ 3.why 表原因，在定语从句中作原因状语，其先行词只有reason一个词。

如：1)Do you know the reason why he was late?2)这就是他缺会的原因。

_______________________________________________________三．限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句1.限制性定语从句对先行词起限定，确定作用，是先行词不可缺少的定语，如果没有它，主句的意思就不完整，不明确或者不合逻辑，甚至错误，这种定语从句和主句之间不用“，”。

The man who came here yesterday has come again.2.非限制性定语从句和主句之间关系松散，只是对先行词起附加说明作用，这种定语从句和主句之间须用“，”。

1)Soon they arrived at a farm house, in front of________________ sat a small boy.2)Mr. Smith has two children, both of__________________ are teachers.正误判断：*His father,who works in a factory, is an engineer. （）*His father who works in a factory is an engineer. （）3.引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词不可以用that。