高中语法非限制性定语从句必修二PPT课件
合集下载
非限制性定语从句语法公开课ppt课件
Whose hair is thick and long
With which I pass the time
The night when I was back to the The road I look back many times
town The river The tears
which which
that / 2.There is a schoolw__h_ic__hlies in the east of Shangluo, w__h_o_s__e
name is Shangdan,w__h_ic_h__ good teachers and hard-working students come to, _w_h_o__ are to creat a colourful victory. 商洛的东方有个学校，他的名字叫商丹，教坛精英八方至, 莘莘学子如潮涌，我们要创造最绚丽的辉煌。
辫子粗又长
The night_w_h_e_n_ I was back to the town 在回城之前的那个晚上
The river _w_h_i_c_h_ you and me came to 你和我来到小河旁
The tears w__h_ic__h I never shed（流泪） 从没流过的泪水
精品课件
12
Polishing the passage
I have a good friend.She is my classmate,her name is Tracy.She is a pretty girl. She studies in Yulin No.2 Middle school.She is in Class 1,Grade 1.She studies hard all day.And she can speaks English very well.So she often help my English. I thank her help. And I help her math, too. Because my math is very good. We learn from each other and help each other.
unit1grammar_定语从句新人教版必修2精品PPT课件
5. I, who is your good friend, will try my best to help you. __a_m_
2.A.He is a man who I can ask for help.
B.His father , who works in Beijing, came back yesterday
限制性定语从句和先行词关系密切，如果去掉从 句，剩余部分意义不完整；
非限制性定语从句只是先行词的附加说明，如果 去掉从句，意义仍然完整。
如果是物，则由“_介_词__+_w_hi_c_h_____”引导
先行词是way时，后面定语从句 可以用 in which=that=( )
先行词是reason时，用 why=for which
Who is she? Cecilia, ___w_h_o_ took weightloss pills, now realizes that
1.I am doing different types of exercises, all of which are quite helpful to my health.
2.Many people , some of whom are not overweight , are going on diets.
American, came to China yesterday.
2. In those days, she used to go to Mr. black, with w__h_o_m_ she had a wonderful time.
3. I bought a car yesterday,_w__h_i_ch cost me a lot.
2.A.He is a man who I can ask for help.
B.His father , who works in Beijing, came back yesterday
限制性定语从句和先行词关系密切，如果去掉从 句，剩余部分意义不完整；
非限制性定语从句只是先行词的附加说明，如果 去掉从句，意义仍然完整。
如果是物，则由“_介_词__+_w_hi_c_h_____”引导
先行词是way时，后面定语从句 可以用 in which=that=( )
先行词是reason时，用 why=for which
Who is she? Cecilia, ___w_h_o_ took weightloss pills, now realizes that
1.I am doing different types of exercises, all of which are quite helpful to my health.
2.Many people , some of whom are not overweight , are going on diets.
American, came to China yesterday.
2. In those days, she used to go to Mr. black, with w__h_o_m_ she had a wonderful time.
3. I bought a car yesterday,_w__h_i_ch cost me a lot.
高一英语人教新课标必修2Unit1非限制性定语从句课件
Cindy is a lovely girl, with whom many people 定语从句，常位于 like to make friends.句首，which不可 以 介词 + 关系代词， I like the house , whose windows face the sea. 介词的选用，要 先行词在从句做定语， People will remember August 8th,2008, when 根据从句的谓语 用关系词whose 动词的构成。 29th Olympic Games was held in Beijing. 先行词在从句中做时间状语，用when或介 词+which。
whose
三、关系副词（where,when）的指 代关系
指地点 指时间 在定语从句中的作 用
Where When
tip
介词+which
√
地点状语 √ 时间状语
that，why不能在非限制性定语从句中使用。 As引导非限制性定语从句常位于句首，指代 整个的主句。常译为“正如”
整理一番
当我们做非限制性定语从句的练 习时，往往先确定先行词，然后 再分析先行词在从句中的作用， 再对关系词加以选择。
Fill in the blanks with proper link words
The doctor lives downstairs
“Doctor,” she said loudly, breaking into the room,____ where there was a man,"I want you to tell what is wrong with me.“ He looked at her from head to foot, then said, “____ As is shown in the mirror,I've just three things to tell whose you. First, I suggest you,my lady,_________ weight needs reducing by nearly fifty pounds. Second, you may use 1/10 as much lipstick（口红）, by which _____ you will be prettier. And third, I'm an artist---the doctor, whom ______you are looking for, lives downstairs."
【课件】Unit1 非限定性定语从句课件-2022-2023学年高中英语人教版(2019)必修第二册
where many people come to buy tea.
(3). I don’t know the reason why she got so angry.
(4). You are talking to the old man who saw some Germans taking apart the Amber Room and removing it.
下面两个句子只有一个逗号之差，意义大相径 庭。
a) He will wear no clothes which will make him different from others.
他不会穿一些使他显得与众不同的衣服。
b) He will wear no clothes, which will make him different from others.
army.
A .这位老人有一个儿子，在部队工作。 （隐含的意义：只有一个儿子）
B. 这位老人有个在部队工作的儿子。 （隐含的意义：也许还有其他儿子， 在干别的工作）
Group 2 A. Jim doesn’t like to ask questions
which make his teacher angry. B. Jim doesn’t like to ask questions,
(9). Xi’an is one of the few cities whose walls remain as good as before.
(10). Shaanxi Province is a place whose/where cultural relics are well looked after.
D. What
as引导非限制性定语从句位于句首时，不能 与which 替换。
(3). I don’t know the reason why she got so angry.
(4). You are talking to the old man who saw some Germans taking apart the Amber Room and removing it.
下面两个句子只有一个逗号之差，意义大相径 庭。
a) He will wear no clothes which will make him different from others.
他不会穿一些使他显得与众不同的衣服。
b) He will wear no clothes, which will make him different from others.
army.
A .这位老人有一个儿子，在部队工作。 （隐含的意义：只有一个儿子）
B. 这位老人有个在部队工作的儿子。 （隐含的意义：也许还有其他儿子， 在干别的工作）
Group 2 A. Jim doesn’t like to ask questions
which make his teacher angry. B. Jim doesn’t like to ask questions,
(9). Xi’an is one of the few cities whose walls remain as good as before.
(10). Shaanxi Province is a place whose/where cultural relics are well looked after.
D. What
as引导非限制性定语从句位于句首时，不能 与which 替换。
人教版高中英语必修二第一单元语法课件-非限制性定语从句
例句
他的老师，谁对他付出了很多，一直鼓励他追求自 己的梦想。
总结和要点
• 非限制性定语从句是对先行词进行补充说明的从句 • 非限制性定语从句具有附加性、用逗号隔开、不能用that引导的特点 • 非限制性定语从句的引导词包括which、who、whom和whose • 非限制性定语从句的语法注意事项包括用逗号隔开、不影响句子结构
非限制性定语从句的练习和例句
练习
请写出下列句子中非限制性定语从句的引导词。 1. The students, _____ are from different countries, are participating in a cultural exchange program. 2. The book, _____ I borrowed from the library, is very interesting.
用于修饰人。
whose
用于修饰人或物，表示所属关系。
非限制性定语从句的语法注意事项
1 用逗号隔开
非限制性定语从句应该用逗号与主句分隔，以表示其附加性。
2 不影响句子结构
非限制性定语从句不影响句子的结构完整性，即使去掉也不会改变句子的主干。
3 提供额外信息
非限制性定语从句通常提供一些额外的信息，对先行词进行进一步解释或说明。
人教版高中英课中，我们将讨论非限制性定语从句的概念、结构和使用方法，并提 供例句和练习，帮助您更好地理解和运用这一语法知识。
非限制性定语从句的定义
非限制性定语从句是对先行词进行额外说明的从句，不限制或限定先行词的 范围，常用于对已知信息进行进一步解释或补充。
和提供额外信息
非限制性定语从句的结构和使用
1
结构
陕西省石泉县江南高级中学人教版高中英语必修二课件：unit1Grammar(非限制性定语从句)(共39张PPT)
2. 关系副词都等于一个适当的介词＋which，在从句中作状语 When=in/at/on/during…+which; Where=in/at/on/…+which; Why=for /…+which
1.Do you still remember the day when (on which) we went to visit the museum together?
The house in which we live is not large.
介词+关系代词的练习
1. Do you like the book
on which she spent $10?
2. Do you like the book for which
she paid $10?
3. Do you like the book about which she often talks?
Games.
4. The boy _w_h_o_s_e___ father is a professor is one of my best friends. 5. The house __w_h_o_s_e_ roof was blown away by the storm will be rebuilt
makes his
2.Mr King, _w__h_oaken to hospital.
3.He said he had no bike, _w_h__ic_h___ was not true.
4.We shall make a decision about Ms King, _w_h_o_s_e_ story I have just told you. 5.Mr Smith,____w_h_o_ gave a talk several months ago, will come again. 6.My uncle has come back from abroad,_w_h_o_m____ I haven’t met for along time.
非限制性定语从句课件
关系词可用 that ________, 作宾语 可 _____ 省略
1. Xi’an is a very beautiful city (which/that)
I visited last year. 2. Xi’an, which I visited last year, is a nice old city.
先行项可以是名 词或代词，也可 以是句子
The novel is very interesting, which made me very glad.
名词 先行词是_____ 代词 或______
三.先行词上
Jim doesn’t like to ask questions that/ 1. which make his teacher angry.
我已经把理由告诉了他们，为 此我没有去开会。
非 限制性定语从句中的关系词 指代人 who, whom, that × 指代事物 which, that × 所属关系 whose 指地点 指时间 where when
关 系 副 词 关 系 代 词
指原因
why
×
for which
言不同
限制性定语从句 形式上 意义上 先行词 非限制性定语从句
高一.二部 英语组
有的放矢
教学目标
1.弄清限制性定语从句与非限制性定 语从句的区别 2.掌握非限制性定语从句的用法
教学重点
非限制性定语从句的特点和用法
学而时习之
Translate the following sentences into Chinese
1. They could not get the jobs that they wanted. 2. The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped. 3. The day when Nelson Mandela helped me was one of my happiest. 4. The school where I studied for only two years was 3 kilometers away.
高中英语必修非限制性定语从句公开课课件（共23张PPT）
高中英语必修非限制性定语从句公开课课件（共23张PPT）非限制性定语从句和单句的比较2.Hefailedintheexam._______madehisparentsangry.3.Hefailedintheexam,_______madehisparentsangry.4.Hehastwosons.Bothof________areteachers.5.Hehastwosons,bothof________areteachers.Thiswhichwhomthem×that1.IamreadingHarryPorter,_____isaninterestingbook.which1.汕头市位于广东的东部,她正在变得越来越漂亮。
2.李雷是二班的班长，今天下午要去参加一个重要的会议。
Shantou,whichliesintheeastofGuangdong，isgettingmoreandmorebeautiful.LiLei,whoismonitorofClass2,isgoingtoattendanimportantmeetingthisafternoon.用非限制性定语从句翻译以下两个句子HomeworkFindouttherestrictiveandnon-restrictiveattributiveclausesinthetext.P4Ex3Jointhepairsofsentencesusingrestrictiveornon-restrictiveclauses.Non-restrictiveAttributiveClauseUnit1CulturalrelicsGrammar2.InfactTomdidnotunderstandthethreequestions____wereaskedinFrench.A.whereB.who???C.inwhich?????????D.which一.复习限制性定语从句1.Thewoman____istalkingtomymotherisafriendofhers.A.whoseB.who??C.whom?D.whichRevision3.Thisistheschool____wevisitedthreedaysago.A.whereB./?????C.when??D.what4.Thisisthefactory____weworkedayearago.A.whereB.that????C.which???????D.onwhich5.Isthisthefactory____heworkedtenyearsago?A.onwhichB.inwhichC.whichD.theone6.Ishallneverforgetthoseyears__Iliveinthefarm__youvisitedlastweek.A.when;whereB.which;whichC.when;whichD.which;where二.使用适当的关系词填空1.Thatistheboy______motherisafamousmusician.3.Thehouse__________theybuiltin1987stayedupintheearthquake.2.Wedon’tknowthenumberofpeople________losttheirhomesinthe1906earthquake.that/who(which/that)whose4.I’llneverforgettheday_____(=___which)Iwasborn.5.Ivisitedthehouse_____(=__which)LuXunoncelived.6.Thereason_____(=___which)hegotworriedwasthis.whenonwhereinwhyfor对比2.ProfessorWanghasason,whoworksinBeijing.1.ProfessorWanghasasonwhoworksinBeijing.王教授有一个儿子，在北京工作。
人教版高中英语必修二第一单元语法课件-非限制性定语从句
In a restrictive relative clause, the information provided by the clause is essential to the meaning of the sentence and cannot be omitted without changing its meaning.
Techniques for translation
Some common techniques include rephrasing, paraphrasing, and contextual understanding to accurately convey the information within the non-restrictive relative clause.
目录
• The usage of non restrictive relative clauses • Translation and practice of non restrictive
relative clauses • Analysis of common errors in non restrictive
03
The usage of non restrictive relative clausቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱs
As Subject
When the relative clause modifies the subject of the main clause, it is called a subject relative clause.
As Object
When the relative clause modifies the object of the main clause, it is called an object relative clause.
Techniques for translation
Some common techniques include rephrasing, paraphrasing, and contextual understanding to accurately convey the information within the non-restrictive relative clause.
目录
• The usage of non restrictive relative clauses • Translation and practice of non restrictive
relative clauses • Analysis of common errors in non restrictive
03
The usage of non restrictive relative clausቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱs
As Subject
When the relative clause modifies the subject of the main clause, it is called a subject relative clause.
As Object
When the relative clause modifies the object of the main clause, it is called an object relative clause.
高中英语非限制性定语从句ppt课件
和蔼的老师受学生们欢迎。
B: Mr. Chen, who is kind , is popular with the students.
陈老师很和蔼。他很受学生们的欢迎。
观察：你能找出两个定语从句的区别 吗？
17
形式上 翻译时 意义上 作用上 关系词
限制性定从
不用逗号
非限制性定从
用逗号
译为“…的” 可译为并列句
23
2 ）★as 在从句中作主语时，后面常接 行为动词的被动语态 ，如be known ， be said ，be reported 等; 另外，它还 有“正如 …”的意思。
★如从句中行为动词是主动语态， 并翻 译为“这…”，一般要用 which 作主语。
She has been late again, _____ was expected.
(4)_形___容__词___比___较___级__/_最___高___级__ +介词+
关系代词：
China has thousands of islands, the largest of which is Taiwan.
30
Step four
Work in group of four to finish
8
探究一 非限制性定语从句
指出下列关系词在句中的成分
1 The man, who lives next to us, is my English teacher. 作主语
2 The old man, whom/who we will visit tomorrow, was ever a hero. 作宾语
that is
far away from my home.( ) ×
B: Mr. Chen, who is kind , is popular with the students.
陈老师很和蔼。他很受学生们的欢迎。
观察：你能找出两个定语从句的区别 吗？
17
形式上 翻译时 意义上 作用上 关系词
限制性定从
不用逗号
非限制性定从
用逗号
译为“…的” 可译为并列句
23
2 ）★as 在从句中作主语时，后面常接 行为动词的被动语态 ，如be known ， be said ，be reported 等; 另外，它还 有“正如 …”的意思。
★如从句中行为动词是主动语态， 并翻 译为“这…”，一般要用 which 作主语。
She has been late again, _____ was expected.
(4)_形___容__词___比___较___级__/_最___高___级__ +介词+
关系代词：
China has thousands of islands, the largest of which is Taiwan.
30
Step four
Work in group of four to finish
8
探究一 非限制性定语从句
指出下列关系词在句中的成分
1 The man, who lives next to us, is my English teacher. 作主语
2 The old man, whom/who we will visit tomorrow, was ever a hero. 作宾语
that is
far away from my home.( ) ×
非限制性定语从句(46张PPT)
7. I have a phone and it is broken. It is in the kitchen.
I have a phone, which is in the kitchen, and it is broken.
8. The factory was closed down. Its owner had been put into prison.
b) His son, who is a doctor, is now visiting the USA.
2. a) This is the place where I lived ten years ago.
b) She is going to spend the winter holiday in Macao, which returned to China in 1999.
differently.
A. all of which B. each of which
C. all of them
D. each of them
4. (2014重庆) We’ll reach the sales targets in a
month ________ we set at the beginning of the
非限制性定语从句：对所修饰的词没有限定词义 的作用，而只是作一些补充说明，通常有一个逗 号把从句和句子的其他部分分开。翻译时，从句 多译成一个并列句。在非限定性定语从句中，从 句去掉对剩下的部分没有太大的影响，句子仍然 可以成立。
David, who is one of my best friends, comes from New York.
3. a) He is a man who I can ask for help. b) His father, who works in Beijing, came back yesterday.
相关主题
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
她有两个弟弟，他们在这个城市工作。
1.I have a sister who works in a hospital. 我有一位在医院工作的姐姐。 （不只一位姐姐）
2. I have a sister, who works in a hospital. 我有一位姐姐，她在医院工作。（只有一位姐姐）
which/that which/that
which which
whose
whose
when
when 介词+which
where
where
why/for which for which
非限制性定从句还能将整个主句作为先行词，对 其进行修饰，常用which引导，这时从句谓语动 词用第三人称单数。
She seems not to have grasped what I meant, which upsets me.
Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation.
as 与 which
1. 两者均可引导非限制性定语从句，有时可以 互换。
The meeting was put off, which/as was exactly what we wanted.
观察比较
A: This is the house which we bought last month. He is the only one of the students that is good at French . Restrictive attributive clause(限制性定语从句)
4. as 引导的从句可以放在句首, as 本身有“正 如…..正象…”之意，与之连用的词有 know, see, expect, announce, point out 等。
e.g. As we all know, the earth is round.
as 引导的非限制性定语从句一些固定句型：
as 与 which
2. as,which引导非限制性定语从句时，都可以指代整个 主句，as引导的从句可位于句首，句末和句中，常译为 “正如”；which引导的从句只能位于句末，常译为“这， 那”。
He missed the show, which was a great pity. He invited me to dinner, which made me happy. As we all know, the Amber Room once belonged to Peter the Great.
The Amber Room once belonged to Peter the Great, as we all know.
as 与 which
3. 当与such或the same连用时，一般用as。 e.g. Such books as you tell me are
interesting. I have the same plan as you.
6．as we all can see 正如我们都会看到
的那样
整理一番
当我们做非限制性定语从句的练 习时，往往先确定先行词，然后 再分析先行词在从句中的成分， 再对关系词加以选择。
品读规律
Tom found the ancient book, which was broken.
先行词指物，在从 句中做主或宾语，
As is said in the newspaper, tw用o关f系ar词mwehrischs,aw the UFO in the field.as引导的非不限能制用t性hat Cindy is a lovely girl定, w语it从h w句h，om常位m于any people like to make friends.句首，which不可 I like the 介ho词us+e关,系wh代o以词se，windows face the sea. P29etoh先用pOl行关elyw词系m介 根 动il在词pl词 据 词ir从wce的 从 的mhG句o选句构eas做mm用的成e定be，谓。es语r可语wA，ausghuesltd8itnh,B2e0i0ji8n,gw. hen
限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别
意义
功能 形式
限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句
与主句的语意关系紧凑， 与主句的语意关系松散， 定语从句不能去掉，否则 定语从句能去掉 意思不完整
对先行词进行修饰
对先行词进行附加说明
无逗号与主句隔开
有逗号与主句隔开
品味一“翻”
她有两个在这个城市工作的弟弟。 She has two brothers who are working in the city. She has two brothers, who are working in the city.
注意1：有时同一个限制性从句变为非限制 性定语从句会改变全句的意思。
非限制性定语从句 先行词+，+关系词+句子
She has two brothers, （who are working3;,+ 关系代词 + 从句
Now teenagers like to go to the fast food restaurants, (where eating doesn't take much time).
B: The house, which we bought last month, is very nice. Harry is our monitor, whose mother is our maths teacher. Non-restrictive attributive clause(非限制性定语从句)
1．as has been said before 如上所述
2．as may be imagined 正如可以想象出
来的那样
3．as is well known
众所周知
4．as was expected
正如预料的那样
5．as has been already pointed out
正如已经指出的那样
结构： 先行词 +,+ 关系副词 + 从句
关系词t的ip 区t别ha:t，why不能在非限制性定语从句中使用。
先行词
人
物
人/物 时间 地点 原因
关系词在句 中所作的成 分
主语 宾语 主语 宾语
定语
时间状语
地点状语 原因状语
限制性定语 非限制性定
从句
语从句
who/that
who
whom/who/that whom
1.I have a sister who works in a hospital. 我有一位在医院工作的姐姐。 （不只一位姐姐）
2. I have a sister, who works in a hospital. 我有一位姐姐，她在医院工作。（只有一位姐姐）
which/that which/that
which which
whose
whose
when
when 介词+which
where
where
why/for which for which
非限制性定从句还能将整个主句作为先行词，对 其进行修饰，常用which引导，这时从句谓语动 词用第三人称单数。
She seems not to have grasped what I meant, which upsets me.
Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation.
as 与 which
1. 两者均可引导非限制性定语从句，有时可以 互换。
The meeting was put off, which/as was exactly what we wanted.
观察比较
A: This is the house which we bought last month. He is the only one of the students that is good at French . Restrictive attributive clause(限制性定语从句)
4. as 引导的从句可以放在句首, as 本身有“正 如…..正象…”之意，与之连用的词有 know, see, expect, announce, point out 等。
e.g. As we all know, the earth is round.
as 引导的非限制性定语从句一些固定句型：
as 与 which
2. as,which引导非限制性定语从句时，都可以指代整个 主句，as引导的从句可位于句首，句末和句中，常译为 “正如”；which引导的从句只能位于句末，常译为“这， 那”。
He missed the show, which was a great pity. He invited me to dinner, which made me happy. As we all know, the Amber Room once belonged to Peter the Great.
The Amber Room once belonged to Peter the Great, as we all know.
as 与 which
3. 当与such或the same连用时，一般用as。 e.g. Such books as you tell me are
interesting. I have the same plan as you.
6．as we all can see 正如我们都会看到
的那样
整理一番
当我们做非限制性定语从句的练 习时，往往先确定先行词，然后 再分析先行词在从句中的成分， 再对关系词加以选择。
品读规律
Tom found the ancient book, which was broken.
先行词指物，在从 句中做主或宾语，
As is said in the newspaper, tw用o关f系ar词mwehrischs,aw the UFO in the field.as引导的非不限能制用t性hat Cindy is a lovely girl定, w语it从h w句h，om常位m于any people like to make friends.句首，which不可 I like the 介ho词us+e关,系wh代o以词se，windows face the sea. P29etoh先用pOl行关elyw词系m介 根 动il在词pl词 据 词ir从wce的 从 的mhG句o选句构eas做mm用的成e定be，谓。es语r可语wA，ausghuesltd8itnh,B2e0i0ji8n,gw. hen
限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别
意义
功能 形式
限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句
与主句的语意关系紧凑， 与主句的语意关系松散， 定语从句不能去掉，否则 定语从句能去掉 意思不完整
对先行词进行修饰
对先行词进行附加说明
无逗号与主句隔开
有逗号与主句隔开
品味一“翻”
她有两个在这个城市工作的弟弟。 She has two brothers who are working in the city. She has two brothers, who are working in the city.
注意1：有时同一个限制性从句变为非限制 性定语从句会改变全句的意思。
非限制性定语从句 先行词+，+关系词+句子
She has two brothers, （who are working3;,+ 关系代词 + 从句
Now teenagers like to go to the fast food restaurants, (where eating doesn't take much time).
B: The house, which we bought last month, is very nice. Harry is our monitor, whose mother is our maths teacher. Non-restrictive attributive clause(非限制性定语从句)
1．as has been said before 如上所述
2．as may be imagined 正如可以想象出
来的那样
3．as is well known
众所周知
4．as was expected
正如预料的那样
5．as has been already pointed out
正如已经指出的那样
结构： 先行词 +,+ 关系副词 + 从句
关系词t的ip 区t别ha:t，why不能在非限制性定语从句中使用。
先行词
人
物
人/物 时间 地点 原因
关系词在句 中所作的成 分
主语 宾语 主语 宾语
定语
时间状语
地点状语 原因状语
限制性定语 非限制性定
从句
语从句
who/that
who
whom/who/that whom