非限制性定语从句详解优秀课件
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非限制性定语从句语法公开课ppt课件
Whose hair is thick and long
With which I pass the time
The night when I was back to the The road I look back many times
town The river The tears
which which
that / 2.There is a schoolw__h_ic__hlies in the east of Shangluo, w__h_o_s__e
name is Shangdan,w__h_ic_h__ good teachers and hard-working students come to, _w_h_o__ are to creat a colourful victory. 商洛的东方有个学校，他的名字叫商丹，教坛精英八方至, 莘莘学子如潮涌，我们要创造最绚丽的辉煌。
辫子粗又长
The night_w_h_e_n_ I was back to the town 在回城之前的那个晚上
The river _w_h_i_c_h_ you and me came to 你和我来到小河旁
The tears w__h_ic__h I never shed（流泪） 从没流过的泪水
精品课件
12
Polishing the passage
I have a good friend.She is my classmate,her name is Tracy.She is a pretty girl. She studies in Yulin No.2 Middle school.She is in Class 1,Grade 1.She studies hard all day.And she can speaks English very well.So she often help my English. I thank her help. And I help her math, too. Because my math is very good. We learn from each other and help each other.
人教版英语选修7Unit5 非限制性定语从句课件 (共22张PPT)
lied to me?
= for which
❖ 8. I will buy the same book _a_s_ you have.
❖ 9. I met the same person _t_h_at_ I came across yesterday.
❖ 10. I want to have such a computer _a_s__ he has.
❖ as引导非限制性定语从句，常见结构有
❖ as is known to all 正如我们都知道的 ❖ as we all know ❖ as is often the case 这是常有的事 ❖ as might be expected 正如人们所预料的 ❖ as has been mentioned above 正如上面所提
Revision 定语从句（the attributive clause）
在复合句中，修饰名__词___或__代_词___的是定语从句
☆ 被定语从句限定的词是_“_先_行__词__”，引导定语从 句的词叫做“_关__系__代_词__”或 “_关__系__副__词__”。
用适当的关系词填空
❖ 1. The teachers _w_h_o_/t_h_a_t are kind are popular with the students.
❖ 你说我像云，捉摸不定。
❖ You said I was like a cloud， which is
hard to understand.
❖ 5. This is the place _w__he_r_e___ I was born.
= in which
❖ 6. I remember the day _w_h_e_n_____ I first met
非限制性定语从句(46张PPT)
I’m seeing the manager tomorrow, when he will be back from Shanghai.
限制性&非限制性定语从句比较
限制性
非限制性
与先行词的关系
紧密, 删除后影 松散, 只是补充 响意思表达 说明
逗号
无
有
连接词
所有都可用 一定不能用that
连接词能否省略 作宾语时可省 绝不能省略
differently.
A. all of which B. each of which
C. all of them
D. each of them
4. (2014重庆) We’ll reach the sales targets in a
month ________ we set at the beginning of the
他似乎没理解我的意思，这使我心烦。
Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation.
液态水变为蒸汽，这就叫做蒸发。
Complete the following sentences.
1. They got married in September. I was then in the countryside.
2. The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.
3. Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year.
4. This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching.
限制性&非限制性定语从句比较
限制性
非限制性
与先行词的关系
紧密, 删除后影 松散, 只是补充 响意思表达 说明
逗号
无
有
连接词
所有都可用 一定不能用that
连接词能否省略 作宾语时可省 绝不能省略
differently.
A. all of which B. each of which
C. all of them
D. each of them
4. (2014重庆) We’ll reach the sales targets in a
month ________ we set at the beginning of the
他似乎没理解我的意思，这使我心烦。
Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation.
液态水变为蒸汽，这就叫做蒸发。
Complete the following sentences.
1. They got married in September. I was then in the countryside.
2. The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.
3. Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year.
4. This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching.
高中英语语法讲解PPT课件：非限制性定语从句 教学课件(共26张PPT)
1. My house, garden.
_______w__h__icIhbought
last
year,
has
a
beautiful
2.The girls, ________ the teachers speak highly of, is our monitor.
whom
.
非限制性定语从句不能_省__略___关系代词。关系代词在非限制性 定语从句中作宾语时, 指人只能用_w__h_o_m__不能用__w__h_o
2.Our head teacher is searching for the evidence w__h_ic_h__/ t_h_a_t shows the students are using phone.
3.Peter , _w__h_o__ is quiet in class, studies very hard. 4.The Great Wall is a cultural relic, _w__h_ic_h__ is worth visiting.
Summary of the differences:
•form •antecedent •relative words •Meaning
错漏“摆”出 1. People are excited to meet Zhai Zhigang, he
was the first Chinese to walk in space . who
Compare:
1. He was late, which made the teacher very angry. antecedent： __h_e_w__a_s_l_a_te__ ,__A_s_e_n_t_e_n_ce •
非限制性定语从句ppt课件
5
02 Part Two Lead-in 6
2-1 Example sentence
Our guide，who was a French Canadian，was an excellent cook.
我们的向导，一个法裔加拿大人，擅长于烹调。
Peter, whom you mey in London, is now back in Paris.
9
03 Part Three The Grammer 10
3-1 The choice of the relatives
1.who引导 eg：Our guide，who was a French Canadian，was an excellent cook.
2.whom引导，关系代词whom用于指人，在句中作动词宾语和介词宾语，作介词宾 语时，介词可位于句首。 eg：Peter, whom you met in London, is now back in Paris. Mr Smith，from whom I have learned a lot，is a famous scientist.
12
3-1 The choice of the relatives
(2) which指代主句中的形容词。 eg：She was very patient towards the children，which her husband seldom was.
(3) which指代主句中的某个从句。 eg：He said that he had never seen her before，which was not true.
定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引导的从句，其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个名 词性成分，相当于形容词，所以又称为形容词性从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后 面。
unit1 非限制性定语从句精品PPT课件
8页新知引导
• 1 which • 2 that、which • 3 which • 4 whom • 5 where/ in which • 6 when/ during which • 7 which
8 即学活用
• 1 when • 2 which • 3 whom
as
which
指代内容
引导的从句只能指代整个主句的 引导的从句既可以指
reported, has dropsped by 17 percent in
just one year.
• 2 As a student in senior high school, the most important task is to study hard, ___wh_ic_h___ determines our future.
注意: the +n+ of which/whom= of which/whom+ the +n= whose +n
• They have four children, the daughter of whom is working in that big company now.
of whom the daughter= whose daughter
10: 即学活用
• 1 from • 2 of • 3 in • 4 two rooms of which/ of which two rooms • 5 As we all know/ As is known to us
课时检测
• 1 who • 2 when • 3 which • 4 As • 5 whose • 6 whom • 7 as • 8 which/ that
非限制性定语从句完整版ppt课件
• 关系代词在限制性定语从句中作____ 宾语
时可以省略。
• 关系代词在非限制性定语从句中作宾语时不可
以____ 。 省略
13
3. A middle-aged woman killed her husband, which frightened me very much. 4. A five-year-old boy can speak two foreign languages, which surprises all of us. 大多数定语从句的先行词往往为某一个词 或短语, 而有时非限制性定语从句的先行 词也可为整个主句, 此时非限制性定语从 句常由 _____ which 引导。
14
5.She has married again, which delighted us． 6.Spiders are not insects, as many people think. =(As many people think, spiders are not insects.)
as (译为 __________) “正如……” 引导的非限制性定语从句 的位置比较灵活, 可位于所修饰的句子之后, 句 “这” 或 “这件事” 中或句首; 而由 which (译为 ________________)
16
As “正如、像……一样” 位置可放在主句前面，也可放 在后面。而which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句 之后，且无“正如”之意。
引导的非限制性定语从句一般不位于句首。
15
7.This is the girl whom/who I met in the street. 8.A young man had a new girl friend, whom he wanted to impress. 关系代词 whom 在限制性定语从句中作宾 语时可用 ___ who代替，但在非限制性定语从 whom 。（指人） 句中作宾语时只能用 ______
时可以省略。
• 关系代词在非限制性定语从句中作宾语时不可
以____ 。 省略
13
3. A middle-aged woman killed her husband, which frightened me very much. 4. A five-year-old boy can speak two foreign languages, which surprises all of us. 大多数定语从句的先行词往往为某一个词 或短语, 而有时非限制性定语从句的先行 词也可为整个主句, 此时非限制性定语从 句常由 _____ which 引导。
14
5.She has married again, which delighted us． 6.Spiders are not insects, as many people think. =(As many people think, spiders are not insects.)
as (译为 __________) “正如……” 引导的非限制性定语从句 的位置比较灵活, 可位于所修饰的句子之后, 句 “这” 或 “这件事” 中或句首; 而由 which (译为 ________________)
16
As “正如、像……一样” 位置可放在主句前面，也可放 在后面。而which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句 之后，且无“正如”之意。
引导的非限制性定语从句一般不位于句首。
15
7.This is the girl whom/who I met in the street. 8.A young man had a new girl friend, whom he wanted to impress. 关系代词 whom 在限制性定语从句中作宾 语时可用 ___ who代替，但在非限制性定语从 whom 。（指人） 句中作宾语时只能用 ______
非限定性定语从句公开课课件
以用来对先行词进行补充说明，提供更多的背景信息或上下文。
要点一
要点二
详细描述
在句子中，非限定性定语从句可以用来提供关于先行词的更多信息，这些信息可能包括时间、地点、原因等，用以帮助读者更好地理解先行词的含义和背景。例如，“The company, which was founded in 2000, has a global presence.”这句话中的非限定性定语从句“which was founded in 2000”提供了关于先行词“company”的背景信息，说明了这家公司的成立时间。
03
CHAPTER
非限定性定语从句的句法功能
总结词
非限定性定语从句可以用来描述先行词的特征或属性，对先行词进行进一步的说明和限定。
详细描述
在句子中，非限定性定语从句可以用来补充说明先行词的某些特征或属性，这些特征或属性可能是形容词或名词，用以强调先行词的某些特点或属性。例如，“The book, which is written by a famous author, is very popular.”这句话中的非限定性定语从句“which is written by a famous author”描述了先行词“book”的特征，强调了这本书是由一个著名的作家所写。
详细描述
总结词
从句与主句之间的逻辑关系应当清晰明了，否则会影响句子的整体意义。
详细描述
非限定性定语从句的主要作用是对主句中的名词或名词短语进行补充说明，两者之间应当有明确的逻辑关系。如果逻辑关系不清晰，会导致读者对句子的理解产生困难，甚至产生歧义。
总结词
从句结构不完整或冗余是常见的语法错误，会影响句子的表达效果。
详细描述
非限定性定语从句应当结构完整、简洁明了。如果从句结构不完整，会导致句子意义表达不完整；如果从句冗余，则会导致句子意义重复或表达啰嗦。为了避免这种错误，应当注意检查从句的结构是否合理，避免不必要的重复和遗漏。
要点一
要点二
详细描述
在句子中，非限定性定语从句可以用来提供关于先行词的更多信息，这些信息可能包括时间、地点、原因等，用以帮助读者更好地理解先行词的含义和背景。例如，“The company, which was founded in 2000, has a global presence.”这句话中的非限定性定语从句“which was founded in 2000”提供了关于先行词“company”的背景信息，说明了这家公司的成立时间。
03
CHAPTER
非限定性定语从句的句法功能
总结词
非限定性定语从句可以用来描述先行词的特征或属性，对先行词进行进一步的说明和限定。
详细描述
在句子中，非限定性定语从句可以用来补充说明先行词的某些特征或属性，这些特征或属性可能是形容词或名词，用以强调先行词的某些特点或属性。例如，“The book, which is written by a famous author, is very popular.”这句话中的非限定性定语从句“which is written by a famous author”描述了先行词“book”的特征，强调了这本书是由一个著名的作家所写。
详细描述
总结词
从句与主句之间的逻辑关系应当清晰明了，否则会影响句子的整体意义。
详细描述
非限定性定语从句的主要作用是对主句中的名词或名词短语进行补充说明，两者之间应当有明确的逻辑关系。如果逻辑关系不清晰，会导致读者对句子的理解产生困难，甚至产生歧义。
总结词
从句结构不完整或冗余是常见的语法错误，会影响句子的表达效果。
详细描述
非限定性定语从句应当结构完整、简洁明了。如果从句结构不完整，会导致句子意义表达不完整；如果从句冗余，则会导致句子意义重复或表达啰嗦。为了避免这种错误，应当注意检查从句的结构是否合理，避免不必要的重复和遗漏。
限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句讲解课件共25张
限制性定语从句用来限定先行词，去掉它的话，主句的意思不完整或不清楚，它不能用逗号与其 他成分隔开。
1 位置和引导词
限制性定语从句通常位于先行词之后，引导词有that, who, whom, which, whose, where等。
2 与先行词的关系
限制性定语从句与先行词之间存在紧密的关系，是先行词不可或缺的一部分。
2 与先行词的关系
非限制性定语从句与先行词之间是递进或解释的关系，先行词并不依赖从句。
3 语法结构
先行词，逗号，非限制性定语从句（关系词 + 从句）
非限制性定语从句的例子
我的老师
My teacher, who has a PhD, is very knowledgeable.
我的朋友
My friend, who lives in London, gave me a present.
3 语法结构
先行词 + 定语从句（关系词 + 从句）
限制性定语从句的例子
英语老师
The English teacher who wears glasses is very knowledgeable.
新买的手机
The phone that I bought yesterday is very expensive.
开车上班
The man who drives a red car is my neighbor.
非限制性定语从句
非限制性定语从句是对先行词进行补充或解释，去掉它的话，主句的意思仍然完整，它一般用逗 号与其他成分隔开。
1 位置和引导词
非限制性定语从句通常位于先行词之后，引导词有which, who, whom等。
1 位置和引导词
限制性定语从句通常位于先行词之后，引导词有that, who, whom, which, whose, where等。
2 与先行词的关系
限制性定语从句与先行词之间存在紧密的关系，是先行词不可或缺的一部分。
2 与先行词的关系
非限制性定语从句与先行词之间是递进或解释的关系，先行词并不依赖从句。
3 语法结构
先行词，逗号，非限制性定语从句（关系词 + 从句）
非限制性定语从句的例子
我的老师
My teacher, who has a PhD, is very knowledgeable.
我的朋友
My friend, who lives in London, gave me a present.
3 语法结构
先行词 + 定语从句（关系词 + 从句）
限制性定语从句的例子
英语老师
The English teacher who wears glasses is very knowledgeable.
新买的手机
The phone that I bought yesterday is very expensive.
开车上班
The man who drives a red car is my neighbor.
非限制性定语从句
非限制性定语从句是对先行词进行补充或解释，去掉它的话，主句的意思仍然完整，它一般用逗 号与其他成分隔开。
1 位置和引导词
非限制性定语从句通常位于先行词之后，引导词有which, who, whom等。
高中英语必修非限制性定语从句公开课课件（共23张PPT）
高中英语必修非限制性定语从句公开课课件（共23张PPT）非限制性定语从句和单句的比较2.Hefailedintheexam._______madehisparentsangry.3.Hefailedintheexam,_______madehisparentsangry.4.Hehastwosons.Bothof________areteachers.5.Hehastwosons,bothof________areteachers.Thiswhichwhomthem×that1.IamreadingHarryPorter,_____isaninterestingbook.which1.汕头市位于广东的东部,她正在变得越来越漂亮。
2.李雷是二班的班长，今天下午要去参加一个重要的会议。
Shantou,whichliesintheeastofGuangdong，isgettingmoreandmorebeautiful.LiLei,whoismonitorofClass2,isgoingtoattendanimportantmeetingthisafternoon.用非限制性定语从句翻译以下两个句子HomeworkFindouttherestrictiveandnon-restrictiveattributiveclausesinthetext.P4Ex3Jointhepairsofsentencesusingrestrictiveornon-restrictiveclauses.Non-restrictiveAttributiveClauseUnit1CulturalrelicsGrammar2.InfactTomdidnotunderstandthethreequestions____wereaskedinFrench.A.whereB.who???C.inwhich?????????D.which一.复习限制性定语从句1.Thewoman____istalkingtomymotherisafriendofhers.A.whoseB.who??C.whom?D.whichRevision3.Thisistheschool____wevisitedthreedaysago.A.whereB./?????C.when??D.what4.Thisisthefactory____weworkedayearago.A.whereB.that????C.which???????D.onwhich5.Isthisthefactory____heworkedtenyearsago?A.onwhichB.inwhichC.whichD.theone6.Ishallneverforgetthoseyears__Iliveinthefarm__youvisitedlastweek.A.when;whereB.which;whichC.when;whichD.which;where二.使用适当的关系词填空1.Thatistheboy______motherisafamousmusician.3.Thehouse__________theybuiltin1987stayedupintheearthquake.2.Wedon’tknowthenumberofpeople________losttheirhomesinthe1906earthquake.that/who(which/that)whose4.I’llneverforgettheday_____(=___which)Iwasborn.5.Ivisitedthehouse_____(=__which)LuXunoncelived.6.Thereason_____(=___which)hegotworriedwasthis.whenonwhereinwhyfor对比2.ProfessorWanghasason,whoworksinBeijing.1.ProfessorWanghasasonwhoworksinBeijing.王教授有一个儿子，在北京工作。
非限定性定语从句ppt课件PPT95页
23、一切节省，归根到底都归结为时间的节省。——马克思 24、意志命运往往背道而驰，决心到最后会全部推倒。——莎士比亚
25、学习是劳动，是充满思想的劳动。——乌申斯基
谢谢！
非限定性定语从句ppt课件
56、死去何所道，托体同山阿。 57、春秋多佳日，登高赋新诗。 58、种豆南山下，草盛豆苗稀。晨兴 理荒秽 ，带月 荷锄归 。道狭 草木长 ，夕露 沾我衣 。衣沾 不足惜 ，但使 愿无违 。 59、相见无杂言，但道桑麻长。 60、迢迢新秋夕，亭亭月将圆。
21、要知道对好事的称颂过于夸大，也会招来人们的反感轻蔑和嫉妒。——培根 22、业精于勤，荒于嬉；行成于思，毁于随。——韩愈
25、学习是劳动，是充满思想的劳动。——乌申斯基
谢谢！
非限定性定语从句ppt课件
56、死去何所道，托体同山阿。 57、春秋多佳日，登高赋新诗。 58、种豆南山下，草盛豆苗稀。晨兴 理荒秽 ，带月 荷锄归 。道狭 草木长 ，夕露 沾我衣 。衣沾 不足惜 ，但使 愿无违 。 59、相见无杂言，但道桑麻长。 60、迢迢新秋夕，亭亭月将圆。
21、要知道对好事的称颂过于夸大，也会招来人们的反感轻蔑和嫉妒。——培根 22、业精于勤，荒于嬉；行成于思，毁于随。——韩愈
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known to all. He came late, which made the teacher
angry. He missed the movie, which was a great
pity.
“which” can be used to refer to __________________.
3. ____ we hoped, he came to help us.
4. ___ was planned, the work was finished on time.
“as” can be used to refer to a whole sentence.
Which和as引导非限制性定从时的用法区别： 1.which引导的非限制性定从不能置于句首， 而as非限定从可放在句首，句中或句末。
1.The famous basketball star, _w_h_o__is an American,came to China yesterday.
2.In those days,she used to go to Mr black,with w_h_o_m__she had a wonderful time.
6.The school,__w_h_e_re__I once studied,was built thirty years ago.
7.John said he’d been working in the office for an hour,__w_hi_ch___ was true.
• Are these sentences attributive clauses? He told me a story, which is already
1.A.This is the place where I lived ten years ago .
B. The school,where I once studied,was built thirty years ago.
2.A.He is a man who I can ask for help.
Who is she?
Cecilia, _w__h_o__ took
weight-loss pills,
now realizes that health is important.
Cecilia, _w_h_o_s_e__ body is thin, still wants to lose some weight （减肥）.
1.I have a sister who works in a hospital.
我有一位在医院工作的姐姐。 （不只一位姐姐）
2. I have a sister , who works in a hospital.
我有一位姐姐，她在医院工作。 （只有一位姐姐）
3.All the magazines here which have beautiful pictures in them were written by him.
B.His father , who works in Beijing, came back yesterday
限制性定语从句和先行词关系密切，如果去 掉从句，剩余部分意义不完整；非限制性定 语从句只是先行词的附加说明，如果去掉从 句，意义仍然完整。
有时同一个限制性从句变为非限制性从句会 改变全句的意思
3.I bought a car yesterday,_w_h_ic_h_ cost me a lot. 4.Xi’an, _w_h_ic_h__I visited last year, is a nice old
city.
5.He will come to see me next July, w_he_n_ he won’t be so busy.
里面有漂亮图画的那些杂志是他写的。
（杂志有带图画和不带图画两类）
4.All the magazines here , which have
beautiful pictures in them, were written by
him.
所有的杂志都是他写的，里面都有漂亮的图画。
（杂志只有一种）
Fill in the blanks with proper relative words.
He is such a clever boy ____ can solve all the questions.
This is such an interesting book ____ interests all students.
This is so difficult a question ____ no one can work out.
限制性定语从句与先行词之间不用 逗号隔开；
非限制性定语从句与先行词之间一 般用逗号隔开。
My cousin whose father is a teacher wants to be an actor.
My cousin , whose father is a teacher , wants to be an actor.
非限制性定语从句详解优秀课 件
Who is he?
*The man _w_h_o_/_t_haits sitting there is Brad Pitt.
**The man —wh—o—/w—hom —/t—ha—t/—- —she speaks to is Brad Pitt. Taks is Brad Pitt.
He is so popular a person ___ we all like to talk with.
I bought the same car ___ he is driving.
1. He is a hard working student, ___ we all know.
2. He has won first prize, ____ we all expected.
angry. He missed the movie, which was a great
pity.
“which” can be used to refer to __________________.
3. ____ we hoped, he came to help us.
4. ___ was planned, the work was finished on time.
“as” can be used to refer to a whole sentence.
Which和as引导非限制性定从时的用法区别： 1.which引导的非限制性定从不能置于句首， 而as非限定从可放在句首，句中或句末。
1.The famous basketball star, _w_h_o__is an American,came to China yesterday.
2.In those days,she used to go to Mr black,with w_h_o_m__she had a wonderful time.
6.The school,__w_h_e_re__I once studied,was built thirty years ago.
7.John said he’d been working in the office for an hour,__w_hi_ch___ was true.
• Are these sentences attributive clauses? He told me a story, which is already
1.A.This is the place where I lived ten years ago .
B. The school,where I once studied,was built thirty years ago.
2.A.He is a man who I can ask for help.
Who is she?
Cecilia, _w__h_o__ took
weight-loss pills,
now realizes that health is important.
Cecilia, _w_h_o_s_e__ body is thin, still wants to lose some weight （减肥）.
1.I have a sister who works in a hospital.
我有一位在医院工作的姐姐。 （不只一位姐姐）
2. I have a sister , who works in a hospital.
我有一位姐姐，她在医院工作。 （只有一位姐姐）
3.All the magazines here which have beautiful pictures in them were written by him.
B.His father , who works in Beijing, came back yesterday
限制性定语从句和先行词关系密切，如果去 掉从句，剩余部分意义不完整；非限制性定 语从句只是先行词的附加说明，如果去掉从 句，意义仍然完整。
有时同一个限制性从句变为非限制性从句会 改变全句的意思
3.I bought a car yesterday,_w_h_ic_h_ cost me a lot. 4.Xi’an, _w_h_ic_h__I visited last year, is a nice old
city.
5.He will come to see me next July, w_he_n_ he won’t be so busy.
里面有漂亮图画的那些杂志是他写的。
（杂志有带图画和不带图画两类）
4.All the magazines here , which have
beautiful pictures in them, were written by
him.
所有的杂志都是他写的，里面都有漂亮的图画。
（杂志只有一种）
Fill in the blanks with proper relative words.
He is such a clever boy ____ can solve all the questions.
This is such an interesting book ____ interests all students.
This is so difficult a question ____ no one can work out.
限制性定语从句与先行词之间不用 逗号隔开；
非限制性定语从句与先行词之间一 般用逗号隔开。
My cousin whose father is a teacher wants to be an actor.
My cousin , whose father is a teacher , wants to be an actor.
非限制性定语从句详解优秀课 件
Who is he?
*The man _w_h_o_/_t_haits sitting there is Brad Pitt.
**The man —wh—o—/w—hom —/t—ha—t/—- —she speaks to is Brad Pitt. Taks is Brad Pitt.
He is so popular a person ___ we all like to talk with.
I bought the same car ___ he is driving.
1. He is a hard working student, ___ we all know.
2. He has won first prize, ____ we all expected.