专八英译汉段落翻译完整版 中英文对照

My First JobWhen I reached the age of twelve I left the school for ever and got my first fulltime job, as a grocer’s boy. I spent my days carrying heavy loads, but I enjoyed it. It was only my capacity for hard work that saved me from early dismissal, for I could never stomach speaking to my “betters” with the deference my employer thought I should assume.But the limit was reached one Tuesday — my half holiday. On my way home on that day I used to carry a large basket of provisions to the home of my emplo yer’s sister-in-law. As her house was on my way home I never objected to this.On this particular Tuesday, however, just as we were putting the shutters up, a load of smoked hams was delivered at the shop. “Wait a minute,” said the boss, and he opened the load and took out a ham, which he started to bone and string up.I waited in growing impatience to get on my way, not for one minute but for a quite a considerable time. It was nearly half-past two when the boss finished. He then came to me with the ham, put it in the basket beside me, and instructed me to deliver it to a customer who had it on order.This meant going a long way out of my road home, so I looked up and said to the boss: “Do you know I finish at two on Tuesday?” I have never seen a man look m ore astonished than he did then. “What do you mean?” he gasped. I told him I meant that I would deliver the groceries as usual, but not the ham.He looked at me as if I were some unusual kind f insect and burst into a storm of abuse. But I stood firm. He gave me up as hopeless and tried new tactics. “Go out and get another boy,” he yelled at a shop-assistant.“Are you going to deliver them or not?” the boss turned to me and asked in a threatening tone. I repeated what I had said before. “Then, out of here,” he shouted. So I got out.This was the first time I had serious trouble with an employer.我的第一份工作当我十二岁时我永远地离开了学校,同时得到了我的第一份全职工作,作为一个食品杂货商的男孩。

我每天都在搬沉重的货物,不过干得倒也挺带劲。

要不是我能干重活，我早就给辞退了，因为老板要我毕恭毕敬的给那些上等人说话，这样干，我实在受不了。

但是有一个星期二，到了我的忍耐极限----这是我歇半天的假日。

那一天，在我回家的路上,我又像往常一样，替老捎了一大篮子吃的东西，给他的嫂子送去。

因为顺路，我也从没说过不乐意。

然而,在这个特别的星期二，就在我们正关门的时候, 一大批的熏火腿送到了商店。

“等一下,”老板说,他打开火腿包，拿出一只，开始剔骨头，然后用绳子绑起来。

我想回家，越等越不耐烦,不是一分钟，一等就是半天。

当老板完成已经有二点半了。

然后他拿着火腿走向我,把它放在我旁边的篮子里,让我把它送给一个预定的顾客那里。

这意味着我要走很长一段路程才能到家,所以我抬起头对老板说:“你知道我星期二两点下班吗?“我还没见过有人像他那次那样吃惊的呢。

“你什么意思?"他气喘吁吁的说。

我告诉他，我的意思是，像平常那样捎点货可以,那只火腿就不送了。

他盯着我，好像我是一条怪怪的小爬虫，然后暴跳如雷破口大骂起来。

可是我丝毫不让步。

他拿我没办法，就耍新花招。

“出去给我再找一个伙计来，”他对一个店员大声喊道。

“你到底送不送？”老板转过身子，以威胁的口吻问我。

我把说过的话又重复了一遍。

“那就滚蛋，”他喊道。

于是，我就走出来了。

这是我头一回和老板真正闹翻了脸。

Just as Darwin discovered the law of development of organic nature so Marx discovered the law of development of human history, the simple fact, hitherto concealed by an overgrowth of ideology, that mankind must first of all eat, drink, have shelter and clothing before it can pursue politics, science, art, religion, etc; that, therefore the production of the immediate material means of subsistence and consequently the degree of economic development attained by a given people during a given epoch form the foundation upon which the state institutions, the legal conceptions, art, and even the ideas on religion, of the people concerned have been evolved, and in the light of which they must, therefore, be explained, instead of vice versa, as had hitherto been the case.正像达尔文发现有机界的发展规律一样，马克思发现了人类历史的发展规律，即历来为纷繁芜杂的意识形态所掩盖着的一个简单事实：人们首先必须吃、喝、住、穿，然后才能从事政治、科学、艺术、宗教等等。

所以，生产直接与生活有关的物质用品，会为一个民族或一个时代带来一定的经济发展，这两者又构成了国家制度、法律观点、艺术以至宗教思想的基础。

因而，我们必须从这个方向来解释上述种种观念与思想，而不是依随那一直以来的相反方向去解释这些观念与思想。

For my sons there is of course the rural bounty of fresh-grown vegetables, line-caught fish and the shared riches of neighbors’’ orchards and gardens. There is the unpaid baby-sitter for whose children my daughter-in-law baby-sits in return, and neighbors who barter their skills and labor. But more than that, how do you measure serenity? Sense if self?I don’t want to idealize life in small places. Th ere are times when the outside world intrudes brutally, as when the cost of gasoline goes up or developers cast their eyes on untouched farmland. There are cruelties, there is intolerance, there are all the many vices and meannesses in small places that exist in large cities. Furthermore, it is harder to ignore them when they cannot be banished psychologically to another part of town or excused as the whims of alien groups --- when they have to be a cknowledged as “part of us”.对我的几个儿子来说，乡村当然有充足的新鲜蔬菜，垂钓来的鱼，邻里菜园和果园里可供分享的丰盛瓜果。