专八翻译笔记
专八英汉翻译笔记资料

第一部分:数词的译法1.句式特征:by+名词+比较级+thanThe wire is by three inches longer than that one.这根导线比那根长3英寸。
2.句式特征:表示增减意义的动词+to+n.译为:增加到。
或减少到。
Metal cutting machines have been decreased to 50.金属切割机已经减少到50台。
1.句式特征:表示增减意义的动词+%The output value has increased 35%.产值增加了35%2.句式特征:表示增减意义的动词+by+%Retail salses should rise by 8%商品零售额应增加3%The prime cost decreased by 60%.主要成本减少60%3.句式特征:表示减少意义的动词+to+%表示减少后剩余的数量By using this new-process the loss of metal was reduced to 20%.采用这种新工艺,铁的损失量减少到20%4.句式特征:%+比较级+than表示净增减的数量Retail sales are expected to be nine percent higher than last year.今年零售额与去年相比,有望增加9%。
5.句式特征:%+比较级+名词表示净减数The new-type machine wasted 10 percent engergy supplied. 新型机械能耗量净减10%6.句式特征:a + % + increase表示净增数There is a 20% increase of steel as compared with last year.与去年相比,今年钢产量净增20%7.句式特征:%+ (of) 名词(代词)表示净减数,数字n照译The production cost is about 60 percent that of last year.今年产值仅为去年的60%8.句式特征:%+up on 或over表示净增数The grain output of last year in this province was 20% percent up on that of 1978.去年粮食产量比1978年净增20%。
专八翻译汉译英常用技巧解读

? Thus, every place, with its own legends and folktales, has its traditions and customs passed on from generation to generation.
此不译为 three stages 。 ? 3)他是个墙头草,谁硬就跟谁。
? He always sits on the fence and falls on the side of the stronger.
? 2. 词类转换 ? 1)吃头两个主菜时,也是赞不绝口。
? You will be full of praise while eating the first two main courses.
? 3. 词的增补 ? 1)有水有鱼的地方大都是有好环境的,好
环境便会给人好心情。
? A place with water and fish is necessarily blessed with a nice setting, which in return keeps people in good mood.
? 2)信不信是你自己的事。 ? It is your concern/business whether
you believe me or not. ? 3)最好是等他们回来。 ? ItБайду номын сангаасmay be advisable to wait till they
come back. ? We'd better wait till they come back. ? You'd better… ? 4)勤能补拙。 ? It is diligence that makes for deficiency.
专八必背翻译

专八(1)把握大局:grasp the overall situation (2) 摆谱儿:put on airs;keep up appearances (3)白手起家: start from scratch(4)拜年:pay New Year call (5)班门弄斧:teach one's grandma to suck eggs(5)保质期:guarantee period (6)报销:apply for reimbursement (7)爆冷门:produce an unexpected answer (8)曝光:make public (9)奔小康:strive for a r elatively comfortable life (10)闭门羹:given cold-shoulder (11)比上不足,比下有余:fall short of the best,but be better than the best (12)逼上梁山:be dri ven to drastic alternatives (13)变相涨价:disguised inflation (14)边远贫困地区:outlying poverty-stricken areas (15)边缘知识人:Marginal intellectuals (16)表面文章:Lip service;surface formality (17) 博导:Ph.D supervisor (18)补发拖欠的养脑筋:Clear up pension payments in arrears (19)不眠之夜:white night (20)菜鸟:green hand (21)产品科技含量technoligical element of a product(22)长江三角洲:Yangtze River delta (23)长江中下游:the middle and lower reach es of Changjiang River (24)超前消费:pre-mature consumption (25)城镇居民最低生活保障:a minimum standard of living for residents (26)城镇职工医疗保险制度:the system of medical insurance for urban workers (27)重复建设:bui ding redundant project;duplication of similar projects (28)充值卡:rechargeabl e card (29)春运:passenger transport around the Chinese lunar new year (30)打破僵局:break the deadlock/stalemate (31)电脑盲:computer illiterate (32)点球:penalty kick (33)电视会议:video conference (34)电视直销:TV home sho pping (35)定向培训:training for specific posts (36)动感电影:multidimensional movie (37)豆腐渣工程:jerry-built projects (38)对...毫无顾忌:make no bones about (39)夺冠:take the crown (40)政治多元化:political pluralism (41)服务行业:catering industry (42)复合型人才:inter-disciplinary talent (43)岗位培训:on-the-job training (44)高等教育自学考试:self-study higher education exam ination (45)高新技术产业开发区:high and new technological industrial develo pment zone (46)各大菜系:major styles of cooking (47)各行各业:every walk o f life (48)功夫不负有心人:Everything comes to him who waits (49)各尽其能:let each person do his best (50)公益活动:public welfare activities (51)工薪阶层:state employee;salaried person (52)过犹不及:going too far ia as bad as n ot going far enough (53)函授大学:correspondence university (54)好莱坞大片:Hollywood blockbuster (55)核心竞争力:core competitiveness (56)虎父无犬子:A wise goose never lays a tame leg (57)基本国情:fundamental realities of the country (58)激烈竞争:cut-throat competition (59)极限运动:maximal exercise /X-games(60)集中精力把经济建设搞上去:go all out for economic development (61)加班:work extra shifts (62)嘉宾:distinguished/honored guest (63)加快市场步伐:quicken the pace of marketization (64)假冒伪劣产品:counterfeit and sh oddy products (65)减负:alleviate burdens on sb (66)江南水乡:the south of t he lower reaches of the Yangtze River (67)教书育人:impart knowledge and educate people (68)脚踏实地:be down-to-earth (69)解除劳动关系:sever labor relations (70)扩大内需:expand domestic demand (71)拉拉队:cheering squad (72)论文答辩:(thesis)oral defence (73)马到成功:achieve immediate victory (7 4)三维电影/动画片:three-dimensional movie/animation (75)森林覆盖率:forest coverage (76)社会保险机构:social security institutions (77)社会热点问题:hot spots of society (78)社会治安情况:law-and-order situation (79)申办城市:the bi dding cities (80):身体素质:physical constitution (81)生计问题:bread-and-b utter issue (82)生意兴隆:business flourishes (82)市场疲软:sluggish market (83)市政工程:municipal works/engineering (84)事业单位:public institution (85)试用期:probationary period (86)首创精神:pioneering spirit (87)手机充值:cellular phone replenishing (88)台湾同胞:Taiwan compatriots (89)脱贫致富:cast off poverty and set out on a road to prosperity (90)西部大开发:Dev elopment of the West Regions (91)新秀:up-and-coming star (92)学生处:st udents' affairs division (93)舆论导向:direction of public opinion (94)招生就业指导办公事:enrolment and vocation guidance office (95)支柱产业:pillar cone rstone industry (96)中专生:secondary specialized or technical school student (97)专题报道:special coverage (98)《阿Q正传》:The True Story of Ah Q (99)《春秋》:Spring and Autumn Annals (100)知识产权:intellectual property rights。
英语专八考试翻译汉译英重难点

She always has an ax to grind. You should take whatever she says with a pinch of salt.
6.心数不正not have one’s heart in the right place
She’s born doormat ,afraid of going against anything.
9.面无表情的人a deadpan
和那些面无表情的人在一起工作真让人憋气。
You feel choked to work with those deadpans.
10.扫帚星a jinx
有人说那个女人是个扫帚星,谁跟她结婚谁倒霉。
I’m surprised to learn that XiaoGao had married the man who had once done her father in. She rally has no guts.
9.昙花一现a flash in the pan
那个歌星也只是昙花一现,出了几张唱片就销声匿迹了。
Talking about being pretty, our company’s new secretary is indeed a lulu.
3.两面派two-faced
我知道怎样对付两面派,而且一眼就能看出谁是一贯两面讨好的人。I know how to handle two-faced people and can even tell at the first glance who are in the habit of running with the hare and hunting with the hounds.(注:run with the hare and hunt with the hounds指人两面讨好,不得罪任何一方的做法。)
专八翻译笔记

专八翻译笔记武汉新东方刘畅•Be strong and of good courage; do not be afraid, nor be dismayed, for the Lord your God is with you wherever you go.– Joshua 1:9第一章综述一、何谓翻译?•T —— tell•R —— reader•A —— authentic•N —— native•S —— smooth•L —— language•A —— and•T —— touch upon•E —— essence•英语的翻译“translation”是由trans-和 -late构成。
翻译是指两种语言的信息转换,即甲方说的意思换成乙方的语言表达。
Steiner说:“翻译就是理解。
”理解的对象就是原文的意义,理解原文的意义是达到翻译标准“忠实、通顺”的前一项(忠实)的前提,“通顺”只是表达阶段的事。
不论是什么翻译,意义为先,形式为次。
因此,可以说,理解为先,表达为次。
•二、大纲要求•1、教学大纲•能运用翻译的理论和技巧,将英美报刊上的文章以及文学原著译成汉语,或将我国报刊、杂志上的文章和一般文学作品译成英语,速度为每小时250~300个英文单词。
英文要求忠实原意,语言流畅。
能担任一般外事活动的口译。
•2、考试大纲•汉译英项目要求应试者运用汉译英的理论和技巧,翻译我国报刊杂志上的论述文和国情介绍,以及一般文学作品的节录。
速度为每小时250~300汉字。
译文必须忠实原意,语言通顺。
•英译汉项目要求应试者运用英译汉的理论和技巧,翻译英美报刊杂志上有关政治、经济、历史、文化等方面的论述文以及文学原著的节录。
速度为每小时约250~300词。
译文要求忠实原意,语言流畅。
•三、试题特点–1、文体:•汉译英:记叙、介绍、散文、论说•英译汉:散文、论说、评论、演讲–2、语域:真的不掉线吗??、????????????•人文历史,无科技翻译–3、内容:无专门学术领域知识•注意:•1、各年的翻译选段都是较正式的语体,未见不正式的讽刺性杂文,也未见不正式的小说对话。
专八(TEM8)翻译

Chinese to English来美国求学校的中国学生与其它亚裔学生一样,大多非常刻苦勤奋。
周末往往会抽出一天甚至两天的时间去实验室加班,因此比起美国学生来,成果出的较多。
我的导师是亚裔人,嗜烟好酒,脾气暴躁。
但他十分欣赏亚裔学生勤奋与扎实的基础知识,也特别了解亚裔学生的心理。
因此,在他实验室所招的学生中,除一名来自德国外,其余五位均是亚裔学生。
他干脆在实验室的门上贴一醒目招牌:“本室助研必须每周工作7天,早10时至晚12时,工作时间必须全力以赴。
”这位导师的严格及苛刻是全校有名的,在我所呆的三年半中,共有14名学生被招进他的实验室,最后博士毕业的只剩下五人。
My supervisor is an Asian, a bad tempered heavy smoker and drinker. Yet he thinks highly of Asian students’diligence and sound (foundation) knowledge (good mastery of the basic knowledge) and he knows (understands well) their psychology. Therefore, among all the RAs he hired in the lab are all (from Asian countries) Asian students, except one from Germany. He simply pasted a noticeable signboard:" All RAs working in this lab must work from 10am to 12pm, 7 days a week. You’ve got to spare no efforts in the lab.” He is well known for his strictness and harshness. I worked for him for 3 years and a half and during that period of time there were only 5 out 14 who finally succeeded in obtaining their doctorate degree.English to ChineseOpera is expensive: that much is inevitable. But expensive things are not inevitably the province of the rich unless we abdicate society’s power of choice. We can choose to make opera and other expensive forms of culture, accessible to those who cannot individually pay for it. The question is: why should we? Nobody denies the imperatives of food, shelter, defense, health and education. But even in a prehistoric cave, mankind stretched out a hand not just to eat, drink or fight, but also to draw. The impulsive towards culture, the desire to express and explore the world through imagination and representation, is fundamental. In Europe, this desire has found fulfillment in the masterpieces of our music, art, literature and theatre. These masterpieces are the touchstones for all our efforts; they are the touchstones for the possibilities to which human thought and imagination may aspire; they carry the most profound messages that can be sent from one human to another.欣赏歌剧是一种奢侈的享受;你必须支付昂贵的票价。
专八复习笔记

AAbidevi.坚持, 遵守vt.忍受, 容忍;住, 居住, 逗留(at, in) abidanceabide by\abide at DalianShe can't abide watching horror films ,Abide with me.和我住在一起吧abiding持久的Absoluteabsolute quiet万籁俱寂absolute ruler专制的统治absolute truth绝对真理by absolute necessity 万不得已Abolish废止, 废除abolishmentAbstractmake an abstract of把...的要点摘录下来abstracted心不在焉的, 出神的Absorb absorptionbe absorbed by被...吞并, 为...所吸收be absorbed in全神贯注在... 一心从事, 热衷于absorb sb's attentionabsorb assimilate在比喻用法中意思都含“吸收”、“吞并”的意思absorb 指“使被吸收者已失去其特点, 或使其特点不复存在”, 如:Large nations shouldn't absorb smaller ones.大国不应当吞并小国。
assimilate 除含absorb 意思外, 还指“将被吸收者变成了吸收者的一部分”, 如:We should critically assimilate whatever is beneficial in literature and arts from other countries.我们应当批判地吸收别国文学艺术中一切有益的东西。
Abundantabundance abundantly be abundant inAbuse滥用, 虐待, 辱骂abusive abusively abuse\abusiveness abuse one's privilegeAccommodateAccommodation accommodate oneself to使自己适应于accommodate (sb.) with向……供应accommodate a friend帮助朋友accommodate (sb.)for the night留(某人)住一夜The eye can accommodate itself to seeing objects at different distances.眼睛能自动调节以便观看远近不同的景物。
专八翻译_108散文篇章_精选

专八翻译_108散文篇章_精选第一部分汉译英1. 丑石(An Ugly Stone)2. 匆匆(Rush)3. 冬夜(Winter Night)4. 互助(Helping Each Other)5. 黄昏(Dusk)6. 盼头(Something to Lookl Forward to)7. 媲美(Beauty)8. 枪口(The Muzzles)9. 鸲鹆(The Story of a Myna) 10. 铜镜(The Bronze Mirror) 11. 学校(The College)12. 野草(Wild Grass)13. 种梨(Planting a Pear Tree) 14. 哀互生(Mourning for Husheng) 15.落花生(The Peanut)16. 盲演员(A Blind Actor)17. “孺子马” (An”Obedient Horse”)18. 小麻雀(A Little Sparrow) 19. 雄辩症(A Case of Eloquence) 20. 大钱饺子(A Good-luck Dumpling) 21. 荷塘月色(Moonlight over the Lotus Pond)22. 黄龙奇观(A View of Huangllong)23. 枯叶蝴蝶(Lappet Butterfies)24. 泡菜坛子(A pickle Pot)25. 田水哗啦(The Irrigation Water Came Gurgling) 26. 我若为王(If IBe King)27. 西式幽默(Western Humour)28. 项脊轩志(Xiangjixuan)29. 夜间来客(A Night Visitor——A True Story abouta ”Celebrity”Being Interviewed)30. 珍禽血雉(China‘s Native Pheasant)31. 常胜的歌手(A Singer Who Always Wins) 32. 健忘的画眉(The Forgetful Song Thrush) 33. 可爱的南京(Nanjing the Beloved City) 34. 鲁迅先生记(In Memory of Mr.Lu Xun)35. 苗族龙船节(The Miao Drangon-Boat Festival) 36. 秋天的怀念(Fond Memories of You)37. 献你一束花(A Bouquet of Flowers for you) 38. 鸭巢围的夜(A Night at Mallard-Nest Village) 39. 玫瑰色的月亮(The Rosy Moon)40. 内画壶《百子图》(Snuff Bottles with Pictures Inside) 41. 维护团结的人(A Man Upholding Unity)42. 我有一个志愿(I Have a Dream)43. 运动员的情操(Sportsmen‘s Values)44. 神话世界九寨沟(Jiuzhaigou,China‘s Fairyland)45. 生命的三分之一(One Third of Our Lifetime)46. 我可能是天津人(I Might Have Come from Tianjin) 47. 五台名刹画沧桑(The famous Monastery Witnesses Vicissitudes) 48. 爱梦想的羞怯女孩(A Shy Dreamer)49. 永久的憧憬和追求(My Lnging and yearning)50. 老人和他的三个儿子(The Old Man and his three sons) 51. 乐山龙舟会多姿多彩(dragon-Boat Festival at Leshan) 52. 撷自那片芳洲的清供(AnOffering from his Sweet homeland) 53. 三峡多奇景妙笔夺开工(The Scenic Three Gorges Captured ) 54. 初中国旅游可到哪些地斱(Tips on Traveling to China the First Time)第二部分英译汉1. A Ball to Roll Around(滚球)2. A Boupquet for Miss Benson(送给卞老师的一束花)3. A Boy and His Father Become Partners(父子伙伴情)4. A Gift of Dreams(梦寐以求的礼物)5. A Hard Day in the Kitchen(厨房里的一场闹刷)6. A Nation of Hypochondriacs(一个疑病症患者的国度)7. Are Books an Endangered Species? (书籍是即将灭绝的物种吗?)8. A Sailor‘s Christmas Gift(一个海员的圣诞礼物)9. A Tale of Two Smut Merchants(两上淫秽照片商的故事)10. A Visit with the Folks(探访故亲)11. Canadian Eskimo Lithographs(加拿大爱斯基摩人的石版画) 12. Divorce and Kids(离婚不孩子)13. Doug Heir(杜格?埃厄)14. Fame(声誉)s Journey(费利西娅的旅行) 15. Felicia‘16. Genius Sacrificed for failure(为育庸才损英才) 17. Glories of the Storm(辉煌壮丽的暴风雨) 18. Han Suyin‘s China(韩素音笔下的中国) 19. Hate(仇恨)20. How Should One Read a Book? (怎样读书?) 21. In Praie of the Humble Comma(小小逗号赞) 22. Integrity——From A Mother in Mannville(正直) 23. In the Pursuit of a Haunting and Timeless Truth(追寻一段永世难忘的叱实)24. Killer on Wings is Under Threat(飞翔的杀手正受到威胁) 25. Lifein a Violin Case(琴匣子中的生趣)26. Love Is Not like Merchandise(爱情不是商品) 27. Luck(好运气)28. Mayhew(生活的道路)29. My Averae Uncle(艾默大叔——一个普普通通的人) 30. My Father‘s Music(我父亲的音乐)31. My Mother‘s Gift (母亲的礼物)32. New Light Buld Offers Energy Efficiency(新型灯泡提高能效) 33. Of Studies(谈读书)34. On Leadership(论领导)35. On Cottages in General(农舍概述)36. Over the Hill(开小差)37. Promise of Bluebirds(蓝知更鸟的希望)38. Stories on a Headboard(床头板上故事多)39. Sunday(星期天)40. The Blanket(一条毛毯)41. The Colour of the Sky(天空的色彩)42. The date Father Didn‘t Keep(父亲失约)43. The Kiss(吻)) 44. The Letter(家书45. The Little Boat That Sailed through Time(悠悠岁月小船情) 46. The Living Seas(富有生命的海洋)47. The Roots of My Ambition(我的自强之源)48. The song of the River(河之歌)49. They Wanted Him Everywhere——Herbert von Karajan(1908-1989) (哪儿都要他)50. Three Great Puffy Rolls(三个又大双暄的面包圈) 51. Trust(信任)52. Why measure Life in Hearbeats? (何必以心跳定生死?)53. Why the bones Break(骨折缘何而起)54. Why Women Live Longer than Men(为什么女人经男人活得长)丑石 An Ugly Stone贾平凹 Jia Pingwa我常常遗憾我家门前的那块丑石呢:它I used to feel sorry for that ugly 黑黝黝地卧在那里,牛似的模样;谁也不知black piece of stone lying like an 道是什么时候留在这里的.谁也不去理会它。
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专八翻译笔记武汉新东方刘畅• Be strong and of good courage; do not be afraid, nor be dismayed, for the Lord your God is with you wherever you go.– Joshua 1:9第一章综述一、何谓翻译?• T —— tell• R —— reader• A —— authentic• N —— native• S —— smooth• L —— language• A —— and• T —— touch upon• E —— essence• 英语的翻译“translation”是由trans-和-late构成。
翻译是指两种语言的信息转换,即甲方说的意思换成乙方的语言表达。
Steiner说:“翻译就是理解。
”理解的对象就是原文的意义,理解原文的意义是达到翻译标准“忠实、通顺”的前一项(忠实)的前提,“通顺”只是表达阶段的事。
不论是什么翻译,意义为先,形式为次。
因此,可以说,理解为先,表达为次。
• 二、大纲要求• 1、教学大纲• 能运用翻译的理论和技巧,将英美报刊上的文章以及文学原著译成汉语,或将我国报刊、杂志上的文章和一般文学作品译成英语,速度为每小时250~300个英文单词。
英文要求忠实原意,语言流畅。
能担任一般外事活动的口译。
• 2、考试大纲• 汉译英项目要求应试者运用汉译英的理论和技巧,翻译我国报刊杂志上的论述文和国情介绍,以及一般文学作品的节录。
速度为每小时250~300汉字。
译文必须忠实原意,语言通顺。
• 英译汉项目要求应试者运用英译汉的理论和技巧,翻译英美报刊杂志上有关政治、经济、历史、文化等方面的论述文以及文学原著的节录。
速度为每小时约250~300词。
译文要求忠实原意,语言流畅。
• 三、试题特点– 1、文体:• 汉译英:记叙、介绍、散文、论说• 英译汉:散文、论说、评论、演讲– 2、语域:• 人文历史,无科技翻译– 3、内容:无专门学术领域知识• 注意:• 1、各年的翻译选段都是较正式的语体,未见不正式的讽刺性杂文,也未见不正式的小说对话。
即使涉及文学,也是作家的作品或思想介绍。
• 2、为了帮助考生更好地理解待翻译的篇段,一般都提供较多的上下文。
但考生务必只翻译划线部分。
• 3、从历届翻译考题看,以人生哲理、道德教育方面的内容为多,需着重关注。
• 四、评分标准• 1、书面标准– 英译汉> 汉译英– 汉译英:“译文完全忠实汉语原文的意向或宗旨,在词汇、句法、拼写或标点符号方面仅有一两处小错误。
译文优雅(选词恰当,有句型变化)。
” 达意– 英译汉:“译文完全忠实英语原文的意向或宗旨,仅有一两处词语方面的小错误。
译文充分反映原文的语体风格和语气,译文优雅(选词恰当,有句型变化)。
”达意++传神达意• 2、补充标准:操作性– “采分点设置”• 例:2003年英译汉• 第一句话为一个评分单元,一个词汇小错误扣0.5分,大错扣1分,最多扣2分;• 第二句话和第三句话为第二个评分单元,小错扣0.5分,大错扣1分,最多扣2分;• 从第四句话到he replies为第三个评分单元,小错扣0.5分,大错扣1分,最多扣1分;• 第一自然段的最后一句话为第四个评分单元,小错扣0.5分,大错扣1分,最多扣2分;• 最后一自然段为第五个评分单元,小错扣0.5分,大错扣1分,最多扣3分。
第二章汉译英• 一、学习目标– 1、语法综合运用• We are not grammar learners;• We are grammar dancers!– 2、积极词汇输出• 识记-理解-运用• 双向记背—文本研读• 增加符号可辨认性/增加重复遍数/多感官并用– 3、文学文化常识二、英汉对比• 结构不可译,语意可译;• 词典意不可靠,语境重要;• 参考译文不参考,译对就好1、英语重直线,汉语重螺旋2、英语重分析,汉语重综合3、英语多长句,汉语多短句4、英语多被动,汉语多主动5、英语多省略,汉语多补充6、英语多前重心,汉语多后重心7、英语多写实,汉语多联想8、英语多引申,汉语多推理9、英语重事实,汉语重发散10、英语多客观,汉语多主观三、汉译英的特点• 1、理解清晰• 1)“字面”与“实质”• “在朋友面前我只感到惭愧”(巴金《朋友》)• ashamed• ill at ease不好意思• 有些明星对待粉丝冷若冰霜。
• Some stars are as cold as ice and frost to their fans.• Some stars have icy manners to their fans.• 2)中文断句• 2000:世界上第一代博物馆属于自然博物馆,它是通过化石、标本等向人们介绍地球和各种生物的演化历史。
• 第一代:first-generation• 属于:belong to?• “被称作”• The first-generation museums in the world were what might be called natural museums which, by means of fossils, specimens and other objects, introduced to people the evolutionary history of the Earth and various kinds oforganisms.• 3)词语逻辑关系• 并行词组:偏正、动宾、并列• 科学知识:scientific knowledge• 科学技术:science and technology• 盲文:braille• 盲棋:blind chess• 4)政治术语• 政论性文章:台湾,中美• 统一:unify, unite, integrate, reunify• 完成祖国统一大业• to accomplish the great cause of national reunification• 2、表达困难• 1)拼写错误• 2)错用时态• 中文:词语手段• 英文:动词时态变位• 3)虚拟语气• 汉语若对现在、过去或未来进行假设,一般采用加词法。
• “我当时若……就好了”• “如果我有一千万,我就能买一栋房子,我有一千万吗? 没有,所以我仍然没有房子。
”• 4)对称性表达• 虽然……但是……although/but四、汉译英训练方法• 1、读• Intensive reading materials• Enduring best sellers• Comparative reading• Translation reading• 2、译• 狂译?• 狂背?• 听-说-读-写-译五、汉语基本句型及其翻译对策• 汉语有其自身特点和魅力。
汉语遣词造句以词组、散句、小句或分句为主要手段。
汉语擅长于按照时间、事件先后逻辑顺序进行线性或横排式叙述,有时各种逻辑关系貌似不露,甚至出现断句不严,外形骈散等句式。
汉语是时间型的动态结构,主要体现于形式较为自由,富有弹性;与此形成鲜明对照的是,英语是以“主谓”主干结构为重心给人以各种语言成分,句界之间关系分明,外形严密,枝叶繁茂。
• 1、主谓单句• 1)避免机械对应• 武汉近几年发生了巨大变化。
• A. Wuhan has been crackling with the dynamics of changes these years.• B. Great changes have taken place in Wuhan these years.• C. These years have witnessed great changes in Wuhan.• D. There have been great changes in Wuhan these years.• 2)翻译汉语句子的非动词谓语时,需补加动词。
• 这个操作过程并不危险。
• This operation process is not dangerous.• This operation is quite free from danger.• 3)避免谓语动词的机械对应• 你们要You should do some investigation and study.• 别搞那么多菜了。
Don’t make / cook so many dishes.• 新东方是由一个个体户搞起来的。
NOS was started by a self-employed worker.• 你什么鬼?What on earth are you up to?• 他身体搞垮了。
He has ruined his health.• 翻译过程中对照中文句式,直译为主,适当调整语序。
2、无主语句• 1)汉语祈使句,英文照译。
• 你的身份证!Your ID card!• 2)汉语中叙事或论理的无主句,译时补加主语。
• 学而时习之,不亦说乎?有朋自远方来,不亦乐乎?• It is not a pleasure after all to practice in due time what o n e has learnt? It is not a delight after all to have friends come from afar?• 3)汉语习惯性无主句转换为there be结构,也可采用主谓单句或被动句式。
• 剩下的时间不多了。
• There is very little time left.• 没有不透风的墙。
• Walls have ears.• 3、流水句• 多译为若干个以主谓结构为主干的分立单位或者平列散句,适当添加关联词。
• 不一会,北风小了。
路上浮尘早已刮净,剩下一条洁白的大道来,车夫也跑得更快。
• Presently the north wind dropped a little. By now the loose dust had all been blown away, leaving the roadway clean and the rickshaw man quicken his pace.• 4、主题句• 主题句前部分叙事或论理,后部分作出总结或评论,翻译时适当调整重心。
• 实现四个现代化,这是我们今后相当长时间的中心工作。
• For a relatively long period ahead, the focus of our work is to realize the four modernizations.• 5、连动句• 连动句主要指由一个主语统辖两个或两个以上的谓语动词。