GRE-issue例子总结
GRE_issue万能例子
GRE Analytical Writing 新鲜例子(1)Sarah Brightman 莎拉.布莱曼(就是音乐剧《猫》里唱MEOMORY那个)这个可以写determination什么的She was a workaholic from an early age, never waste a minute of time.Straight from school, she went to ballet lessons. When she got home at eight, she went to bed. She got up at four in the morning to do her homework and then began the schedule all over again.When she was a teenager, she decided to try her hand, or her vocals, at singing. （2）Prisoner Abuse 虐囚事件（伊拉克战争的那个丑闻）可以写媒体的题材Since the “60 Minutes II”broadcast, pictures of abuse have been posted on the Internet and shown on television stations worldwide.一些有用的词汇：Watergate (这个都知道)Zipper gate（这是说克林顿的）Enron gate（这是说小布什）Muckraker 专门报道丑闻的记者the Forth Estate 第四阶级，在美国媒体被称为第四权力或第四阶级（3）A Message to Garcia 致加西亚的信（前两年很火的书）It is not book-learning young men need, nor instruction about this and that, but a stiffening of the vertebrae which will cause them to loyal to a trust, to act promptly, concentrate their energies: do the thing.(4)Nictzche尼采这厮有句名言：“One has to pay dearly for immortality. One has to die several times while one is still alive.”可以用在写毅力什么个人品质的~（5）William Hung 孔庆祥（这人前两年可是火得不行~）American Idol 美国偶像（超女就是中国版的美国偶像）Lovable loser 可爱的失败者He didn’t survive the first cut. His performance was interrupted by Simon Cowell (评委), You can’t dance. You can’t sing. So what do you want me to say?Hung earnestly and humbly replied: I already gave my best, and I have no regret at all.这个可以用在尝试，失败之类的题目上。
GRE考试Issue整理(Categorization)
科技的影响1. As people rely more and more on technology to solve problems, the ability of humans to think for themselves will surely deteriorate.Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the statement and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should consider ways in which the statement might or might not hold true and explain how these considerations shape your position.使人的思考能力退化同意/不同意的程度，成立/不成立的条件43.The increasingly rapid pace of life today causes more problems than itsolves.Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which youagree or disagree with the statement and explain your reasoningfor the position you take. In developing and supporting yourposition, you should consider ways in which the statement mightor might not hold true and explain how these considerationsshape your position.快节奏生活造成问题同意/不同意的程度，成立/不成立的条件101.Although innovations such as video, computers, and the Internet seemto offer schools improved methods for instructing students, thesetechnologies all too often distract from real learning.Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which youagree or disagree with the statement and explain your reasoningfor the position you take. Indeveloping and supporting yourposition, you should consider ways in which the statement mightor might not hold true and explain how these considerationsshape your position.技术使学生无法专注于真正的学习同意/不同意的程度，成立/不成立的条件109. Some people believe that scientific discoveries have given us a much better understanding of the world around us. Others believe that science has revealed to us that the world is infinitely more complex than we ever realized.Write a response in which you discuss which view more closely aligns with your own position and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should address both of the views presented.技术发展使人更好了解世界正反观点对比64. The human mind will always be superior to machines because machines are only tools of human minds.Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the statement and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should consider ways in which the statement might or might not hold true and explain how these considerations shape your position.人脑强于机器同意/不同意的程度，成立/不成立的条件91. The primary goal of technological advancement should be to increase people's efficiency so that they have more leisure time.Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the statement and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should consider ways in which the statement might or might not hold true and explain how these considerations shape your position.技术进步首要目标是提高效率从而使人有更多空闲时间同意/不同意的程度，成立/不成立的条件132. Some people believe that our ever-increasing use of technology significantly reduces our opportunities for human interaction. Other people believe that technology provides us with new and better ways to communicate and connect with one another.Write a response in which you discuss which view more closely aligns with your own position and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should address both of the views presented技术减少人之间的互动vs. 技术提供更好的交流方式正反观点对比科学研究56. Many important discoveries or creations are accidental: it is usually while seeking the answer to one question that we come across the answer to another.Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the statement and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should consider ways in which the statement might or might not hold true and explain how these considerations shape your position.重要发明发现源于偶然同意/不同意的程度，成立/不成立的条件59. Scientists and other researchers should focus their research on areas that are likely to benefit the greatest number of people.Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the recommendation and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, describe specific circumstances in which adopting the recommendation would or would not be advantageous and explain how these examples shape your position.科学家应致力于造福最多人的领域同意/不同意的程度，建议可行与否的条件131. Claim: Researchers should not limit their investigations to only those areas in which they expect to discover something that has an immediate, practical application.Reason: It is impossible to predict the outcome of a line of research with any certainty.Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the claim and the reason on which that claim is based.科研结果无法预知，拒绝实用主义同意/不同意的程度143. No field of study can advance significantly unless it incorporates knowledge and experience from outside that field.Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the statement and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should consider ways in which the statement mightor might not hold true and explain how these considerations shape your position.任何领域的研究只有通过吸收领域外的知识经验才会获得巨大进展同意/不同意的程度，成立/不成立的条件国家与社会2.To understand the most important characteristics of a society, one muststudy its major cities.reasoningfor the position you take. Indeveloping and supporting yourposition, you should consider ways in which the statement mightor might not hold true and explain how these considerationsshape your position.城市化；通过主要城市来了解社会同意/不同意的程度，成立/不成立的条件5.Claim: Governments must ensure that their major cities receive thefinancial support they need in order to thrive. Reason: It is primarily in cities that a nation's cultural traditions arepreserved and generated.Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which youagree or disagreewith the claim and the reason on which thatclaim is based.城市化；城市生成和保存传统文化同意/不同意的程度117. It is primarily in cities that a nation's cultural traditions are generated and preserved.Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the statement and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should consider ways in which the statement mightor might not hold true and explain how these considerations shape your position.城市化；城市生成和保存传统文化同意/不同意的程度，成立/不成立的条件77. The most effective way to understand contemporary culture is to analyze the trends of its youth.Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the statement and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should consider ways in which the statement might or might not hold true and explain how these considerations shape your position.通过年轻人的潮流了解当代文化同意/不同意的程度，成立/不成立的条件28. The surest indicator of a great nation is represented not by the achievements of its rulers, artists, or scientists, but by the general welfare of its people.Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the statement and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should consider ways in which the statement might or might not hold true and explain how these considerations shape your position.伟大国家的标志（民众福利vs. 统治者艺术家科学家的成就）同意/不同意的程度，成立/不成立的条件113. Claim: The surest indicator of a great nation is not the achievements of its rulers, artists, or scientists.Reason: The surest indicator of a great nation is actually the welfare of all its people.Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the claim and the reason on which that claim is based伟大国家的标志（民众福利vs. 统治者艺术家科学家的成就）同意/不同意的程度120. Claim: The surest indicator of a great nation must be the achievements of its rulers, artists, or scientists. Reason: Great achievements by a nation's rulers, artists, or scientists will ensure a good life for the majority of that nation's people.that claim is based.伟大国家的标志（民众福利vs. 统治者艺术家科学家的成就）同意/不同意的程度127. The surest indicator of a great nation is not the achievements of its rulers, artists, or scientists, but the generalwell-being of all its people.Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the claim. In developing and supporting your position, be sure to address the most compelling reasons and/or examples that could be used to challenge your position.伟大国家的标志（民众福利vs. 统治者艺术家科学家的成就）同意/不同意的程度，讨论反面观点121. Some people claim that you can tell whether a nation is great by looking at the achievements of its rulers, artists, or scientists. Others argue that the surest indicator of a great nation is, in fact, the general welfare of all its people. Write a response in which you discuss which view more closely aligns with your own position and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should address both of the views presented.伟大国家的标志（民众福利vs. 统治者艺术家科学家的成就）正反观点对比145. The general welfare of a nation's people is a better indication of that nation's greatness than are the achievements of its rulers, artists, or scientists.Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the claim. In developing and supporting your position, be sure to address the most compelling reasons and/or examples that could be used to challenge your position.伟大国家的标志（民众福利vs. 统治者艺术家科学家的成就）同意/不同意的程度，讨论反面观点85. Some people believe that in order to thrive, a society must put its own overall success before the well-being of its individual citizens. Others believe that the well-being of a society can only be measured by the general welfare of all its people.Write a response in which you discuss which view more closely aligns with your own position and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should address both of the views presented.社会整体繁荣vs. 人民个人福利正反观点对比94. The effectiveness of a country's leaders is best measured by examining the well-being of that country's citizens. Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the claim. In developing and supporting your position, be sure to address the most compelling reasons and/or examples that could be used to challenge your position.国家领导人效力由人民幸福程度衡量同意/不同意的程度，讨论反面观点147. The effectiveness of a country's leaders is best measured by examining the well-being of that country's citizens. Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the statement and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should consider ways in which the statement might or might not hold true and explain how these considerations shape your position.国家领导人效力由人民幸福程度衡量同意/不同意的程度，成立/不成立的条件18.The well-being of a society is enhanced when many of its peoplequestion authority.Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which youagree or disagree with the statement and explain your reasoningfor the position you take. In developing and supporting yourposition, you should consider ways in which the statement mightor might not hold trueand explain how these considerationsshape your position.人民质疑权威使社会健全同意/不同意的程度，成立/不成立的条件英雄/模范22. Claim: The best way to understand the character of a society is to examine the character of the men and women that the society chooses as its heroes or its role models.Reason: Heroes and role models reveal a society's highest ideals.Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the claim and the reason on which that claim is based.了解一个社会最好方式是考察这个社会标榜的英雄/模范同意/不同意的程度122.The best way to understand the character of a society is to examine thecharacter of the men and women that the society chooses as its heroesor its role models.Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which youagree or disagree with the claim. In developing and supportingyour position, be sure to address the most compelling reasonsand/or examples that could be used to challenge your position.了解一个社会最好方式是考察这个社会标榜的英雄/模范同意/不同意的程度，讨论反面观点41.The greatness of individuals can be decided only by those who live afterthem, not by their contemporaries.Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which youagree or disagree with the statement and explain your reasoningfor the position you take. In developing and supporting yourposition, you should consider ways in which the statement mightor might not hold true and explain how these considerationsshape your position.只能被后世人评判同意/不同意的程度，成立/不成立的条件44. Claim: It is no longer possible for a society to regard any living man or woman as a hero.Reason: The reputation of anyone who is subjected to media scrutiny will eventually be diminished.Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the claim and the reason on which that claim is based.媒体使英雄消失同意/不同意的程度75. In this age of intensive media coverage, it is no longer possible for a society to regard any living man or woman asa hero.Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the statement and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should consider ways in which the statement mightor might not hold true and explain how these considerations shape your position.媒体使英雄消失同意/不同意的程度，成立/不成立的条件84. It is no longer possible for a society to regard any living man or woman as a hero.Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the claim. In developing and supporting your position, be sure to address the most compelling reasons and/or examples that could be used to challenge your position.当今社会无英雄同意/不同意的程度，讨论反面观点教育cational institutions have a responsibility to dissuade students frompursuing fields of study in which they are unlikely to succeed.Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which youagree or disagree with the claim. In developing and supportingyour position, be sure to address the most compelling reasonsand/or examples that could be used to challenge your position.选科；选易成功的领域同意/不同意的程度，讨论反面观点cational institutions should dissuade students from pursuing fields of study in which they are unlikely to succeed.Write a response in which you discuss your views on the policy and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should consider the possible consequences of implementing the policy and explain how these consequences shape your position.选科；选易成功的领域讨论对政策的观点以及可能后果cational institutions have a responsibility to dissuade students from pursuing fields of study in which they are unlikely to succeed.Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the statement and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should consider ways in which the statement might or might not hold true and explain how these considerations shape your position.选科；选易成功的领域同意/不同意的程度，成立/不成立的条件cational institutions should actively encourage their students to choose fields of study that will prepare them for lucrative careers.Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the claim. In developing and supporting your position, be sure to address the most compelling reasons and/or examples that could be used to challenge your position.选科；选赚钱多的领域同意/不同意的程度，讨论反面观点cational institutions should actively encourage their students to choose fields of study that will prepare them for lucrative careers.Write a response in which you discuss your views on the policy and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should consider the possible consequences of implementing the policy and explain how these consequences shape your position.选科；选赚钱多的领域讨论对政策的观点以及可能后果20. Some people believe that college students should consider only their own talents and interests when choosing a field of study. Others believe that college students should base their choice of a field of study on the availability of jobs in that field.Write a response in which you discuss which view more closely aligns with your own position and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should address both of the views presented.选科；兴趣vs. 就业正反观点对比32. College students should base their choice of a field of study on the availability of jobs in that field.Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the claim. In developing and supporting your position, be sure to address the most compelling reasons and/or examples that could be used to challenge your position.选科；兴趣vs. 就业同意/不同意的程度，讨论反面观点39. College students should be encouraged to pursue subjects that interest them rather than the courses that seem most likely to lead to jobs.Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the recommendation and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, describe specific circumstances in which adopting the recommendation would or would not be advantageous and explain how these examples shape your position.选科；兴趣vs. 就业同意/不同意的程度，建议可行与否的条件cational institutions should actively encourage their students tochoose fields of study in which jobs are plentiful. Write a response in which you discuss your views on the policyand explain your reasoning for the position you take. Indeveloping and supporting your position, you should consider thepossible consequences of implementing the policy and explainhow these consequences shape your position.选科；兴趣vs. 就业讨论对政策的观点以及可能后果129. College students should base their choice of a field of study on the availability of jobs in that field.Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the recommendation and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, describe specific circumstances in which adopting the recommendation would or would not be advantageous and explain how these examples shape your position.选科；兴趣vs. 就业同意/不同意的程度，建议可行与否的条件cational institutions should actively encourage their students to choose fields of study in which jobs are plentiful.Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the claim. In developing and supporting your position, be sure to address the most compelling reasons and/or examples that could be used to challenge your position.选科；兴趣vs. 就业同意/不同意的程度，讨论反面观点13.Universities should require every student to take a variety of coursesoutside the student's field of study.Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the claim. In developing and supporting your position, be sure to address the most compelling reasons and/or examples that could be used to challenge your position.学生应该多选副科同意/不同意的程度，讨论反面观点46. Universities should require every student to take a variety of courses outside the student's field of study.Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the recommendation and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, describe specific circumstances in which adopting the recommendation would or would not be advantageous and explain how these examples shape your position.学生应该多选副科同意/不同意的程度，建议可行与否的条件70. Claim: Universities should require every student to take a variety of courses outside the student's major field of study.Reason: Acquiring knowledge of various academic disciplines is the best way to become truly educated.Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the claim and the reason on which that claim is based.学生应该多选副科同意/不同意的程度102. Universities should require every student to take a variety of courses outside the student's field of study.Write a response in which you discuss your views on the policy and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should consider the possible consequences of implementing the policy and explain how these consequences shape your position.学生应该多选副科讨论对政策的观点以及可能后果112. Requiring university students to take a variety of courses outside their major fields of study is the best way to ensure that students become truly educated.Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the statement and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should consider ways in which the statement might or might not hold true and explain how these considerations shape your position.学生应该多选副科同意/不同意的程度，成立/不成立的条件140. Some people believe that universities should require every student to take variety of courses outside the student's field of study. Others believe that universities should not force students to take any courses other than those that will help prepare them for jobs in their chosen fields.Write a response in which you discuss which view more closely aligns with your own position and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should address both of the views presented.学生应该多选副科正反观点对比6.A nation should require all of its students to study the same nationalcurriculum until they enter college.Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which youagree or disagree with the recommendation and explain yourreasoning for the position you take. In developing and supportingyour position, describe specific circumstances in which adoptingthe recommendation would or would not be advantageous andexplain how these examples shape your position.课程设置；统一课程vs. 因材施教同意/不同意的程度，建议可行与否的条件14. A nation should require all of its students to study the same national curriculum until they enter college.Write a response in which you discuss your views on the policy and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should consider the possible consequences of implementing the policy and explain how these consequences shape your position.课程设置；统一课程vs. 因材施教讨论对政策的观点以及可能后果96. A nation should require all of its students to study the same national curriculum until they enter college.Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the claim. In developing and supporting your position, be sure to address the most compelling reasons and/or examples that could be used to challenge your position.课程设置；统一课程vs. 因材施教同意/不同意的程度，讨论反面观点116. A nation should require all of its students to study the same national curriculum until they enter college.Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the statement and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should consider ways in which the statement mightor might not hold true and explain how these considerations shape your position.课程设置；统一课程vs. 因材施教同意/不同意的程度，成立/不成立的条件37. Society should identify those children who have special talents and provide training for them at an early age to develop their talents.Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the recommendation and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, describe specific circumstances in which adopting the recommendation would or would not be advantageous and explain how these examples shape your position.课程设置；天才儿童的特殊课程同意/不同意的程度，建议可行与否的条件40. Claim: When planning courses, educators should take into account the interests and suggestions of their students.Reason: Students are more motivated to learn when they are interestedin what they are studying.Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which youagree or disagree with the claim and the reason on which thatclaim is based.课程设置；应当考虑学生兴趣同意/不同意的程度47. Educators should find out what students want included in the curriculum and then offer it to them.Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the recommendation and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, describe specific circumstances in which adopting the recommendation would or would not be advantageous and explain how these examples shape your position.课程设置；应当考虑学生兴趣同意/不同意的程度，建议可行与否的条件90. Educators should take students' interests into account when planning the content of the courses they teach.Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the recommendation and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, describe specific circumstances in which adoptingthe recommendation would or would not be advantageous and explain how these examples shape your position.课程设置；应当考虑学生兴趣同意/不同意的程度，建议可行与否的条件54. In order to become well-rounded individuals, all college students should be required to take courses in which they read poetry, novels, mythology, and other types of imaginative literature.Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the recommendation and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, describe specific circumstances in which adopting the recommendation would or would not be advantageous and explain how these examples shape your position.课程设置；必须学习想像文学同意/不同意的程度，建议可行与否的条件142. Claim: Colleges and universities should specify all required courses and eliminate elective courses in order to provide clear guidance for students.Reason: College students—like people in general—prefer to follow directions rather than make their own decisions. Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the claim and the reason on which that claim is based.课程设置；指定必修课取消选修课同意/不同意的程度12. Governments should offer a free university education to any student who has been admitted to a university but who cannot afford the tuition.Write a response in which you discuss your views on the policy and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should consider the possible consequences of implementing the policy and explain how these consequences shape your position.政府出资（贫困学生）讨论对政策的观点以及可能后果25. Governments should offer college and university education free of charge to all students.Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the recommendation and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, describe specific circumstances in which adoptingthe recommendation would or would not be advantageous and explain how these examples shape your position.政府出资（所有学生）同意/不同意的程度，建议可行与否的条件17.Formal education tends to restrain our minds and spirits rather than set them free.Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the statement and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should consider ways in which the statement might or might not hold true and explain how these considerations shape your position.教育效果；限制思维vs. 解放思维同意/不同意的程度，成立/不成立的条件68.Some people believe that the purpose of education is to free the mindand the spirit. Others believe that formal education tends to restrain ourminds and spirits rather than set them free.Write a response in which you discuss which view more closelyaligns with your own position and explain your reasoning for theposition you take. In developing and supporting your position, youshould address both of the views presented教育效果；限制思维vs. 解放思维正反观点对比24.The best way to teach is to praise positive actions and ignore negativeones.Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the statement and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should consider ways in which the statement might or might not hold true and explain how these considerations shape your position.教育方式；表扬正面& 忽视负面同意/不同意的程度，成立/不成立的条件29.The best way to teach—whether as an educator, employer, or parent—isto praise positive actions and ignore negative ones.Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the claim. In developing and supporting your position, be sure to address the most compelling reasons and/or examples that could be used to challenge your position.教育方式；表扬正面& 忽视负面同意/不同意的程度，讨论反面观点52. The best way to teach is to praise positive actions and ignore negative ones.Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the recommendation and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, describe specific circumstances in which adopting the recommendation would or would not be advantageous and explain how these examples shape your position.教育方式；表扬正面& 忽视负面同意/不同意的程度，建议可行与否的条件48. Educators should teach facts only after their students have studied the ideas, trends, and concepts that help explain those facts.。
新GRE中Issue分类,合并以及翻译
教育类：第1组：通才VS专才（6，14，96，116）A nation should require all of its students to study the same national curriculum until they enter college.在进行大学教育以前，国家应该要求所有的学生学习统一的国家课程。
（13，46，70，102，112，140）Universities should require every student to take a variety of courses outside the student's field of study.大学应该要求每个学生选修自己专业以外的各种学科。
（24，29，52）The best way to teach is to praise positive actions and ignore negative ones.教育的最佳方式是赞扬积极的行为，忽视消极的行为。
37Society should identify those children who have special talents and provide training for them at an early age to develop their talents.社会应该甄别那些天资聪颖的孩子，并且年幼的时候就开始提供训练培养它们的才能。
54In order to become well-rounded individuals, all college students should be required to take courses in which they read poetry, novels, mythology, and other types of imaginative literature.为了成为全面发展的个体，应该要求所有的大学生选择可以阅读诗歌、小说、神话等想象力文学的课程。
GREIssue常用例证
2．Bail out General Motors。
GM是美国生产制造业的象征，它的破产，不仅会导致GM几十万工人失业，还会导致整个产业链上（Raw materials industry such as steel，rubber，tires，spare parts manufacturers，distributers，repair shops）的几百万人失业，加剧金融危机，这是联邦政府所不能坐视不管的。
因此美国政府收购GM股权，对其资产注入，成为大股东。
使得GM通过破产保护与重组获得新生（Rising from the ashes through bankruptcy protection and restructuring），保证美国人就业。
3．Martin Luther King, Jr. (January 15, 1929 – April 4, 1968) was one of the pivotal leaders of the American civil rights movement. King was a Baptist minister, one of the few leadership roles available to black men at the time. He became a civil rights activist early in his career. He led the Montgomery Bus Boycott (1955–1956) and helped found the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (1957), serving as its first president. His efforts led to the 1963 March on Washington, where King delivered his ―I Have a Dream‖ speech. Here he raised public consciousness of the civil rights movement and established himself as one of the greatest orators in U.S. history. In 1964, King became the youngest person to receive the Nobel Peace Prize for his efforts to end segregation and racial discrimination through civil disobedience and other non-violent means.King was assassinated on April 4, 1968, in Memphis, Tennessee. He was posthumously awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom by President Jimmy Carter in 1977. Martin Luther King, Jr. Day was established as a national holiday in the United States in 1986. In 2004, King was posthumously awarded a Congressional Gold Medal.4. Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela (IPA: [xoˈliɬaɬa manˈdeːla]; born 18 July 1918 in Transkei, South Africa)[1] is a former President of South Africa, the first to be elected in a fully representative democratic election, who held office from 1994–99. Before his presidency, Mandela was an anti-apartheid activist, and the leader of the African National Congress's armed wing Umkhonto we Sizwe. The South African courts convicted him on charges of sabotage, as well as other crimes committed while he led the movement against apartheid. In acc ordance with his conviction, Mandela served 27 years in prison, spending many of these years on Robben Island. He is currently a celebrated elder statesman who continues to voice his opinion on topical issues. In South Africa he is often known as Madiba, an honorary title adopted by elders of Mandela's clan. The title has come to be synonymous with Nelson Mandela.Following his release from prison on 11 February 1990, Mandela supported reconciliation and negotiation, and helped lead the transition towards multi-racial democracy in South Africa. Since the end of apartheid, many have frequently praised Mandela, including former opponents. Mandela has received more than one hundred awards over four decades, most notably the Nobel Peace Prize in 1993.7. Charles Darwin(1809-1882) was an English naturalist and author. His Origin of Species (1859) and Decent of Men (1871) exerted a strong impact in the history of Western thought. In his books, Darwin hypothesized that over the millennia man had evolved from lower forms of life. Humans were special, not because God had created them in His image, but because they had successfully adapted to changing environmental conditions and had passed on their survival?making characteristics genetically. Survival of the fittest is the fact or principle of the survival of the forms of plant and animal life best fitted for existing conditions, while related but less fit forms become extinct.Charles DarwinNaturalist1809 -1882I have called this principle, by whicheach slight variation, if useful, is preserved,by the term Natural Selection.—Charles Darwin from "The Origin of Species"Charles Robert Darwin was born on February 12, 1809 in Shrewsbury, England. He was the fifth child and second son of Robert Waring Darwin and Susannah Wedgwood. Darwin was the British naturalist who became famous for his theories of evolution and natural selection. Like several scientists before him, Darwin believed all the life on earth evolved (developed gradually) over millions of years from a few common ancestors.From 1831 to 1836 Darwin served as naturalist aboard the H.M.S. Beagle on a British science expedition around the world. In South America Darwin found fossils of extinct animals that were similar to modern species. On the Galapagos Islands in the Pacific Ocean he noticed many variations among plants and animals of the same general type as those in South America. The expedition visited places around the world, and Darwin studied plants and animals everywhere he went, collecting specimens for further study.Upon his return to London Darwin conducted thorough research of his notes and specimens. Out of this study grew several related theories: one, evolution did occur; two, evolutionary change was gradual, requiring thousands to millions of years; three, the primary mechanism for evolution was a process called natural selection; and four, the millions of species alive today arose from a single original life form through a branching process called "speciation."Darwin's theory of evolutionary selection holds that variation within species occurs randomly and that the survival or extinction of each organism is determined by that organism's ability to adapt to its environment. He set these theories forth in his book called, On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life (1859) or "The Origin of Species" for short. After publication of Origin of Species, Darwin continued to write on botany, geology, and zoology until his death in 1882. He is buried in Westminster Abbey.Darwin's work had a tremendous impact on religious thought. Many people strongly opposed the idea of evolution because it conflicted with their religious convictions. Darwin avoided talking about the theological and sociological aspects of his work, but other writers used his theories to support their own theories about society. Darwin was a reserved, thorough, hard working scholar who concerned himself with the feelings and emotions not only of his family, but friends and peers as well.It has been supposed that Darwin renounced evolution on his deathbed. Shortly after his death,temperance campaigner and evangelist Lady Elizabeth Hope claimed she visited Darwin at his deathbed, and witnessed the renunciation. Her story was printed in a Boston newspaper and subsequently spread. Lady Hope's story was refuted by Darwin's daughter Henrietta who stated, "I was present at his deathbed ... He never recanted any of his scientific views, either then or earlier."。
GRE-issue写作之自己总结的万能例子
RenaissanceFor example, the helpless fate can be felt from the tragedy works, written by Shakespeare. Mona Lisa, created by Beethoven, revealed the mysterious and implicit smile.Although works completed by different artists and writers revealed slight variations in the access, performing form, and social aspect focusing on, as far as common theme and hidden ideas were concerned, the obvious similries to each other seemed much more than any of the minute differences, namely, resisting the feudalization and corrupt institution and enlightening freedom of human being. This is called “Renaissance” in the history.Genetic engineering迄今为止，基因工程还没有用于人体，但已在从细菌到家畜的几乎所有非人生命物体上做了实验，并取得了成功。
事实上，所有用于治疗糖尿病的胰岛素都来自一种细菌，其ＤＮＡ中被插入人类可产生胰岛素的基因，细菌便可自行复制胰岛素。
基因工程技术使得许多植物具有了抗病虫害和抗除草剂的能力；在美国，大约有一半的大豆和四分之一的玉米都是转基因的。
目前，是否该在农业中采用转基因动植物已成为人们争论的焦点：支持者认为，转基因的农产品更容易生长，也含有更多的营养（甚至药物），有助于减缓世界范围内的饥荒和疾病；而反对者则认为，在农产品中引入新的基因会产生副作用，尤其是会破坏环境。
GREissue写作之自己总结的万能例子
RenaissanceFor example, the helpless fate can be felt from the tragedy works, written by Shakespeare. Mona Lisa, created by Beethoven, revealed the mysterious and implicit smile.Although works completed by different artists and writers revealed slight variations in the access, performing form, and social aspect focusing on, as far as common theme and hidden ideas were concerned, the obvious similries to each other seemed much more than any of the minute differences, namely, resisting the feudalization and corrupt institution and enlightening freedom of human being. This is called “Renaissance” in the history.Genetic engineering迄今为止，基因工程还没有用于人体，但已在从细菌到家畜的几乎所有非人生命物体上做了实验，并取得了成功。
事实上，所有用于治疗糖尿病的胰岛素都来自一种细菌，其ＤＮＡ中被插入人类可产生胰岛素的基因，细菌便可自行复制胰岛素。
基因工程技术使得许多植物具有了抗病虫害和抗除草剂的能力；在美国，大约有一半的大豆和四分之一的玉米都是转基因的。
目前，是否该在农业中采用转基因动植物已成为人们争论的焦点：支持者认为，转基因的农产品更容易生长，也含有更多的营养（甚至药物），有助于减缓世界范围内的饥荒和疾病；而反对者则认为，在农产品中引入新的基因会产生副作用，尤其是会破坏环境。
GRE考试写作范文Issue汇总
GRE考试写作范文Issue汇总今日我搜集了一些GRE issue 的优秀范文，快来一起学习吧，下面我就和大家共享，来观赏一下吧。
.GRE考试写作范文IssueMost people recognize the benefits of individuality, but the fact is that personal economic success requires conformity.Personal economic success might be due either to ones investment strategy or to ones work or career. With respect to the former, non-conformists with enough risk tolerance and patience invariably achieve more success than conformists. With respect to the latter, while non-conformists are more likely to succeed in newer industries where markets and technology are in constant flux, conformists are more likely to succeed in traditional service industries ensconced in systems and regulations.Regarding the sort of economic success that results from investing ones wealth, the principles of investing dictate that those who seek risky investments in areas that are out of favor with the majority of investors ultimately reap higher returns than those who follow the crowd. It is conformists who invest, along with most other investors, in areas that are currently the most profitable, and popular. However, popular investments tend to be overpriced, and in the long run their values willcome down to reasonable levels. As a result, given enough time conformists tend to reap lower rewards from their investments than nonconformists do.Turning to the sort of economic success that one achieves by way of ones work, neither conformists nor non-conformists necessarily achieve greater success than the other group.In consumer-driven industries, where innovation, product differentiation and creativity are crucial to lasting success, non-conformists who take unique approaches tend to recognize emerging trends and to rise above their peers. For example, Ted Turners departure from the traditional format of the other television networks, and the responsiveness of Amazons Jeff Bezos to burgeoning Internet commerce, propelled these two non-conformists into leadership positions in their industries. Particularly in technology industries, where there are no conventional practices or ways of thinking to begin with, people who cling to last years paradigm, or to the status quo in general, are soon left behind by coworkers and competing firms.However, in traditional service industries--such as finance, accounting, insurance, legal services, and health care--personal economic success comes not to non-conformists but rather to those who can work most effectively within the constraints of established practices, policies and regulations. Of course, a clever idea for structuring a deal, ora creative legal maneuver, might play a role in winning smaller battles along the way. But such tactics are those of conformists who are playing by the same ground rules as their peers; winners are just better at the game.In conclusion, non-conformists with sufficient risk tolerance and patience are invariably the most successful investors in the long run. When it comes to careers, however, while non-conformists tend to be more successful in technology-and consumer-driven industries, traditionalists are the winners in system-driven industries pervaded by policy, regulation, and bureaucracy.GRE考试写作范文IssueWhat society has thought to be its greatest social, political, and individual achievements have often resulted in the greatest discontent.I strongly agree that great achievements often lead to great discontent. In fact, I would assert more specifically that great individual achievements can cause discontent for the individual achiever or for the society impacted by the achievement, or both. Nevertheless, it is important to acknowledge that whether a great achievement causes great discontent can depend on ones personal perspective, as well as the perspective of time.With respect to individual achievements, great achievers are by nature ambitious people and therefore tend to be dissatisfied anddiscontent with their accomplishments-no matter how great. Great athletes are compelled to try to better their record-breaking performances; great artists and musicians typically claim that their greatest work will be their next one--a sign of personal discontent. And many child protégés, especially those who achieve some measure of fame early in life, later suffer psychological discontent for having peaked so early. Perhaps the paradigmatic modern example of a great achievers discontent was Einstein, whose theoretical breakthroughs in physics only raised new theoretical conundrums which Einstein himself recognized and spent the last twenty years of his life struggling unsuccessfully to solve.Individual achievements can often result in discontent on a societal level. The great achievement of the individual scientists responsible for the success of the Manhattan Project resulted in worldwide anxiety over the threat of nuclear annihilation--a form of discontent with which the worlds denizens will forever be forced to cope. Even individual achievements that at first glance would appear to have benefited society turn out to be causes of great discontent. Consider the invention of the automobile, along with the innovations in manufacturing processes and materials that made mass production possible. As a result we have become a society enslaved to our cars, relying on them as crutches not only for transportation but also for affording us a false sense ofsocioeconomic status. Moreover, the development of assembly-line manufacturing has served to alienate workers from their work, which many psychologists agree causes a great deal of personal discontent.Turning from individual achievements to societal, including political, achievements, the extent to which great achievements have caused great discontent often depends on ones perspective. Consider, for example, Americas spirit of Manifest Destiny during the 19th Century, or British Imperialism over the span of several centuries. From the perspective of an Imperialist, conquering other lands and peoples might be viewed as an unqualified success. However, from the viewpoint of the indigenous peoples who suffer at the hands of Imperialists, these so-called achievements are the source of widespread oppression and misery, and in turn discontent, to which any observant Native American or South African native could attest.The extent to which great socio-political achievements have caused great discontent also depends on the perspective of time. For example, F.D.R.s New Deal was and still is considered by many to be one of the greatest social achievements of the 20th Century. However, we are just now beginning to realize that the social-security system that was an integral part of F.D.R.s social program will soon result in great discontent among those workers currently paying into the system but unlikely to see any benefits after they retire.To sum up, I agree that great achievements, both individual and socio-political, often result in great discontent. Moreover, great individual achievements can result in discontent for both the individual achiever and the society impacted by the achievement. Nevertheless, in measuring the extent of discontent, we must account for varying personal and political perspectives as well as different time perspectives.GRE考试写作范文IssueThe well-being of a society is enhanced when many of its people question authority.The speaker asserts that when many people question authority society is better off. While I contend that certain forms of disobedience can be harmful to any society, I agree with the speaker otherwise. In fact, I would go further by contending that societys well-being depends on challenges to authority, and that when it comes to political and legal authority, these challenges must come from many people.Admittedly, when many people question authority some societal harm might result, even if a social cause is worthy. Mass resistance to authority can escalate to violent protest and rioting, during which innocent people are hurt and their property damaged and destroyed. The fallout from the 1992 Los Angeles riots aptly illustrates this point. The authority which the rioters sought to challenge was that of the legal justice system which acquitted police officers in the beating of RodneyKing. The means of challenging that authority amounted to flagrant disregard for criminal law on a mass scale--by way of looting, arson, and even deadly assault. This violent challenge to authority resulted in a financially crippled community and, more broadly, a turning back of the clock with respect to racial tensions across America.While violence is rarely justifiable as a means of questioning authority, peaceful challenges to political and legal authority, by many people, are not only justifiable but actually necessary when it comes to enhancing and even preserving societys well-being. In particular, progress in human rights depends on popular dissension. It is not enough for a charismatic visionary like Gandhi or King to call for change in the name of justice and humanity; they must have the support of many people in order to effect change. Similarly, in a democracy citizens must respect timeless legal doctrines and principles, yet at the same time question the fairness and relevance of current laws. Otherwise, our laws would not evolve to reflect changing societal values. It is not enough for a handful of legislators to challenge the legal status quo; ultimately it is up to the electorate at large to call for change when change is needed for the well-being of society.Questioning authority is also essential for advances in the sciences. Passive acceptance of prevailing principles quells innovation, invention, and discovery, all of which clearly benefit any society. In fact, the verynotion of scientific progress is predicated on rigorous scientific inquiry--in other words, questioning of authority. History is replete with scientific discoveries that posed challenges to political, religious, and scientific authority. For example, the theories of a sun-centered solar system, of humankinds evolution from other life forms, and of the relativity of time and space, clearly flew in the face of authoritative scientific as well as religious doctrine of their time. Moreover, when it comes to science a successful challenge to authority need not come from a large number of people. The key contributions of a few individuals---like Copernicus, Kepler, Newton, Darwin, Einstein, and Hawking---often suffice.Similarly, in the arts, people must challenge established styles and forms rather than imitate them; otherwise, no gemtinely new art would ever emerge, and society would be worse off. And again, it is not necessary that a large number of people pose such challenges; a few key individuals can have a profound impact. For instance, modern ballet owes much of what is new and exciting to George Ballanchine, who by way of his improvisational techniques posed a successful challenge to established traditions. And modern architecture arguably owes its existence to the founders of Germanys Bauhaus School of Architecture, which challenged certain authoritative notions about the proper objective, and resulting design, of public buildings.To sum up, in general I agree that when many people question authority the well-being of society is enhanced. Indeed, advances in government and law depend on challenges to the status quo by many people. Nevertheless, to ensure a net benefit rather than harm, the means of such challenges must be peaceful ones.GRE考试写作范文IssueIt is the artist, not the critic, who gives society something of lasting value.This statement asserts that art, not the art critic, provides something of lasting value to society. I strongly agree with the statement. Although the critic can help us understand and appreciate art, more often than not, critique is either counterproductive to achieving the objective of art or altogether irrelevant to that objective.To support the statement the speaker might point out the three ostensible functions of the art critic. First, critics can help us understand and interpret art; a critic who is familiar with a particular artist and his or her works might have certain insights about those works that the layperson would not. Secondly, a critics evaluation of an art work serves as a filter, which helps us determine which art is worth our time and attention. For example, a new novel by a best-selling author might nevertheless be an uninspired effort, and if the critic can call our attention to this fact we gain time to seek out more worthwhileliterature to read. Thirdly, a critic can provide feedback for artists; and constructive criticism, if taken to heart, can result in better work.However, reflecting on these three functions makes clear that the art critic actually offers very little to society.The first function is better accomplished by docents and teachers, who are more able to enhance a laypersons appreciation and understanding of art by providing an objective, educated interpretation of it. Besides, true appreciation of art occurs at the moment we encounter art; it is the emotional, even visceral impact that art has on our senses, spirits, and souls that is the real value of art. A critic can actually provide a disservice by distracting us from that experience.The critics second function that of evaluator who filters out bad art from the worthwhile is one that we must be very wary of. History supports this caution. In the role of judge, critics have failed us repeatedly. Consider, for example, Voltaires rejection of Shakespeare as barbaric because he did not conform to neo-classical principles of unity. Or, consider the complete dismissal of Beethovens music by the esteemed critics of his time. The art critics judgment is limited by the narrow confines of old and established parameters for evaluation. Moreover, critical judgment is often misguided by the ego; thus its value is questionable in any event.I turn finally to the critics third function: to provide useful feedbackto artists. The value of this function is especially suspect. Any artist, or anyone who has studied art, would agree that true art is the product of the artists authentic passion, a manifestation of the artists unique creative impulse, and a creation of the artists spirit. If art were shaped by the concern for integrating feedback from all criticism, it would become a viable craft, but at the same time would cease to be art.In sum, none of the ostensible functions of the critic are of much value at all, let alone of lasting value, to society. On the other hand, the artist, through works of art, provides an invaluable and unique mirror of the culture of the time during which the work was produced a mirror for the artists contemporaries and for future generations to gaze into for insight and appreciation of history. The art critic in a subordinate role, more often than not, does a disservice to society by obscuring this mirror.11。
GRE issue万能例子
GRE Analytical Writing 新鲜例子(1)Sarah Brightman 莎拉.布莱曼(就是音乐剧《猫》里唱MEOMORY那个)这个可以写determination什么的She was a workaholic from an early age, never waste a minute of time.Straight from school, she went to ballet lessons. When she got home at eight, she went to bed. She got up at four in the morning to do her homework and then began the schedule all over again.When she was a teenager, she decided to try her hand, or her vocals, at singing.这是她一张专辑的封面,很美吧~（2）Prisoner Abuse 虐囚事件（伊拉克战争的那个丑闻）可以写媒体的题材Since the “60 Minutes II”broadcast, pictures of abuse have been posted on the Internet and shown on television stations worldwide.一些有用的词汇：Watergate (这个都知道)Zipper gate（这是说克林顿的）Enron gate（这是说小布什）Muckraker 专门报道丑闻的记者the Forth Estate 第四阶级，在美国媒体被称为第四权力或第四阶级（3）A Message to Garcia 致加西亚的信（前两年很火的书）It is not book-learning young men need, nor instruction about this and that, but a stiffening of the vertebrae which will cause them to loyal to a trust, to act promptly, concentrate their energies: do the thing.(4)Nictzche尼采这厮有句名言：“One has to pay dearly for immortality. One has to die several times while one is still alive.”可以用在写毅力什么个人品质的~（5）William Hung 孔庆祥（这人前两年可是火得不行~）American Idol 美国偶像（超女就是中国版的美国偶像）Lovable loser 可爱的失败者He didn’t survive the first cut. His performance was interrupted by Simon Cowell (评委), You can’t dance. You can’t sing. So what do you want me to say?Hung earnestly and humbly replied: I already gave my best, and I have no regret at all.这个可以用在尝试，失败之类的题目上。
自己整理的GRE issue中文例子
1．凯萨查維斯(Cesar Chavez)是一位墨西哥裔美国劳工运动者，也是联合农场工人的领袖。
二十世纪时，他是农场季节工人(migrant farm workers：为找工作四处迁徙的人)的主要发声人。
他坚韧的领导能力让全国人民注意到劳工的工作环境有多糟糕，最后，他们的工作环境终于因此而获得改善。
Cesar Chavez was a Mexican American labor activist and leader of the United Farm Workers. During the 20th century he was a leading voice for migrant farm workers (people who move from place to place in order to find work). His tireless leadership focused national attention on these laborers' terrible working conditions, which eventually led to improvements.2．Saint Joan of Arc圣女贞德英法大战中投入保卫祖国的队伍，统帅法军，终于打败了英国侵略者，成为法国人民爱国斗争的旗帜。
对民主自由的追求。
3．Martin Luther King对取消种族歧视的追求，其实反应了黑人美国社会对种族歧视的反抗。
4．Van Gogh梵高凡·高荷兰画家。
16岁时在海牙一家画店当店员，1873～1876年间在伦敦、巴黎分店工作。
几经波折后，1880年开始画素描和水彩画。
曾入布鲁塞尔学院学习，后在海牙师从A.莫夫。
因性好绘画，遂去巴黎找其弟画商特奥，得以了解印象主义和后印象主义。
1888年前往法国南方的阿尔勒，在15个月里画了200多幅油画。
GRE考试Issue写作范文详解
GRE考试Issue写作范文详解(1~19)(1):Issue"The reputation of anyone who is subjected to media scrutiny will eventually be diminished."观点陈述型作文/[题目]"被置于媒体审视下的任何人，其名誉终将受毁损。
"Sample EssayThe intensity of today's media coverage has been greatly magnified by the sheer number and types of media outlets that are available today. Intense competition for the most revealing photographs and the latest information on a subject has turned even minor media events into so-called "media frenzies". Reporters are forced by the nature of the competition to pry ever deeper for an angle on a story that no one else has been able to uncover. With this type of media coverage, it does become more and more likely that anyone who is subjected to it will have his or her reputation tarnished, as no individual is perfect. Everyone makes mistakes. The advances in technology have made much information easily and instantaneously available. Technology has also made it easier to dig further than ever before into a person's past, increasing the possibility that the subject's reputation may be harmed.[范文正文]当今媒体报道的力度，由于当今时代所能获得的媒体渠道那前所未有的数量和种类，从而被极大地增强。
GRE作文issue例子
GRE作文issue例子本来这篇也在那个系列里的，结果现在找不到了，还是发上来吧，现在大家都在准备GRE，给大家点帮助，自己攒人品考托福，哈哈！注：建议大家也自己总结一个这样的例子库，每个人熟悉的例子都不同，用你熟悉的例子论证各种不同问题才是王道。
hongranwin 整理政治范畴1：The Nixon's Watergate Affair 水门事件sex scandal of former president of America Bill Clinton政治与道德，丑闻与媒体2：二战：World War II, German ,Hitler 技术进步带来的战争，一战战胜国不平等条约带来的恶果，没有很好的引导民众思想，民族矛盾的激化，统一与分歧话题，科技与人道话题法西斯fascist战争赔款war indemnity民族主义nationalism3：林肯( Lincoln 1809-1865) 南北战争civil warAbraham Lincoln lead the civil war in order to emancipate the slaves, was also an honest boy since his childhood.Fear his wife.Be assassinated.以前法律保护奴隶主——破除不公平法律，服从人民意愿但也侵害了奴隶主的利益。
The Emancipation Proclamation abolished slavery in the United States.《解放黑人奴隶宣言》政治家是否应该服从大众（两方面都可以），服从传统与创新思想4: 罗斯福新政Roosevelt FranklinPromise of a New Deal for the American peopleStruggle out of the Great Depression 大萧条Roosevelt and Adolph Hitler took different measures when facing the problems of bi g depression such examples can be used in the dealing with diverse attitudes on th e problem of huge variation in society would lead to distinct results!服从历史与解决实际问题，在危局中的英明远见，是否服从大众，是否向群众隐藏信息5：马丁.路德.金Martin Luther King was a famous lawyer and leader of the Campaign of Civil Rights for Black in the United StatesDiscrimination勇于改变现实，坚持自己理想科技范畴：1：工业革命Industrial Revolution:技术改变生活方式，改变女性地位，机械替代人类劳动2：亚里士多德Aristotle Greek philosopherthe author of works on logic, metaphysics, ethics, natural sciences, politics, and poe tics, he profoundly influenced Western thoughtThe crystal ball model of universe在其哲学体系里，理论服从实地观察和逻辑，以三段论为基础，基本上是理性研究的理论方法博学通才与专才的关系，人类通过最初浅的观察描述世界，不完善的物理理论仍然被相信。
GRE issue 经典例子及句子
1.Since knowledge accumulated by generations concerning tackling with troubles of daily lifeprovides many useful and constructive suggestion to a man/woman of today. After all, there are too many similarities in daily lives between today and the past. 现在过去2.冰箱refrigerator：3.Traditionally, icehouses were used to provide cool storage for most of the year. The icehousetends to be placed near freshwater river or packed with ice or snow in winter. With the modernization technologies today, people invent refrigerator which develops the wisdoms of tradition using technologies of modernization. The example clearly illustrates that tradition and modernization is not completely incompatible for modernization inherits and further develops the tradition.4.Since no one lives in vacuum. And it’s the society that links one body with another, whichmakes the destiny of individual and the future of society inextricable related. Just as stud ying the history concerning our daily lives can help us make everyday living better, researching on the history regarding society or country can benefit the public as well, which is beneficial to common people in turn5.The Civil War. Lasting from 1861 to 1865, with over 600,000 soldiers died, the Civil Warended with the disappearance of the slavery in America. Now studying the history of American Civil War will enhance the creed that everyone should equally share the human rights and freedom in the mind of public, which contributes to protecting the rights of our daily lives. The example above illustrates that many beliefs that we take granted today may be a luxurious hope in the past, and history reminds ordinary people of the importance of those rights which support our democracy.美国内战6.After all, everything today all comes from the past; in other word, it’s the abundantknowledge and wisdoms of yesterday that make our daily lives. Those great events which played a significant role in history have involved in our spirit and culture today, so it’s our duty to research and learn them and pass them down generation after generation.7.The speaker asserts that the future of our society bases on the extent to which children aresocialized. Besides ，he shows his pessimistic prediction of the gloomy future, for the reason that we have yet raised children well socialized.8.Helen Adams Keller (June 27, 1880 –June 1, 1968) was an American author, politicalactivist and lecturer. She was the first deafblind person to earn a Bachelor of Arts degree.[1][2] The story of how Keller's teacher, Anne Sullivan, broke through the isolation imposed by a near complete lack of language, allowing the girl to blossom as she learned to communicate, has become known worldwide through the dramatic depictions of the play and film The Miracle Worker.9.Despite the merits of the statement, however, I disagree with the statement because itseems to imply two claims:10.immerged himself in efforts to achieve his dreams11.11. To demonstrate the importance of socializing children, it is vital to give a definition tosocialization.12.12 its members accustom themselves to negotiation or cooperation and hold a respectfulmanner to each other.13.13. After all, there are a myriad merits that children should possess to bring about a bettersociety. Intelligence, creativity, moral sense and some other factors of children also have aninfluence on the destiny of society.14.Arts which sum up the elements of artists’ sense and feeling reflect the elusiveenvironmental and spiritual matters.15.Keynes laid the foundation for the branch of economics termed “Macroeconomics” todaywhich is based on the theories of David Ricardo.16.Churchill was always hailed for his speeches which gave courage to an entire nation andinspired allied forces. Yet, it’s unimaginable that he was suffering from the stammer during his childhood.17.One apt illustration of this point involves the Nazism. In retrospect, many ethnic Germansfelt deeply committed to the goal of creating the greater Germany, which some believe required the use of military force to achieve. To a certain extent, the Second World War stems from the Germen’s exorbitant respect to the history of their nation and the origin of their race.18.Mendel, who is hailed as the father of genetics, prompted the foundation of geneticsthrough his study of the inheritance of traits in pea plants. But the significance of Me ndel’s work was not recognized until the turn of the 20th.19.arts as an indirect way to convey subtle feelings and ideas of the artists can reflect thehidden thoughts or impulses of a society. After all, there are some times in human history in which not all kinds of ideas can be expressed publicly, and arts are usually chosen to be an effective form to deliver the thoughts as a result.20.After all, arts which are shaped in the influence of the spiritual and environmental factorsconvey audiences the specific ideas, senses, and motions expressing the feeling of artist toward their inside and outside world.21.For example, there is a time that the public cannot accept the homosexual relationship, sincethe behavior of gay is defined immoral in tradition. However, with the development of physiology and psychology in modernization, masses have come to accept gays or lesbians and respect them as straight.22.Van Gogh’s most famous still life, Sunflowers exhibits the eternal love to the life andpromotes the thoughts about life and death23.Beethoven’s famous symphony, symphony NO.5 “destiny”, delivers a spirit and eternaltheme about facing frustration and fights the destiny for one’s dream and hope, thus convulsing the whole world with this spirit and humanity.24.Hemingway's famous novel The Sun Also Rises written after WW2 give spirits to millions ofyoung people, known as the lost generation, to overcome the gloomy motion toward future and live new lives in most part of globe.25.After all, some social conventions or morality standards etc. in tradition which are outdatedor hinder the social development have been abandoned in modernization. With the understanding and learning the humanity and nature, issues that one used to take for granted may be thought to be immoral or unsuitable today.26.After all, modernization is actual an extension or a new iteration or amendment of tradition,which may be in various forms.27.Specifically, a critic, who is familiar with the western novels, can definitely provide thelayman useful information and in-depth interpretation with a considerable insight.28.After all, the process of evaluation is also the process that critics use their personal andprofessional taste which may be very different form the artists' to feel the motions or ideas underlying the arts. And under some circumstances, critics evaluate the value of the works from very different views with artists, which may lead to discover a new lasting value.29.After all, the critics’ view which may be limited by the established doctrine o r subconsciouspersonal preference may result in a destructive feedback or critique which may had a counterproductive effect on artist.30.the skeptical spirit, which played a crucial role for human beings in the process of acquiringtruth and new knowledge, is such a vital virtue that every student should possess. After all, as the inherit of human wisdom, in the way that first doubt and then test the matter that seems doubtful students can accept the truth which had being tested by generations more naturally. In addition, in some cases, it is very possible that the skeptical process also tends to be the course in which new thought or theory, namely new knowledge, can be founded.31.For instance, Lobachevsky, Russian mathematician, who developed non-Euclidean geometry,was usually called the Copernicus in geometry. At first, Lobachevsky tried to deduce the Euclid’s fifth postulation from other axioms but fruitless, which pushes him to question the truth of the fifth postulation. The spirit of skepticism leads him to develop a new geometry in which the fifth postulation is wrong instead of accepting it passively. And the new geometry is the Lobachevsky geometry.32.his example illustrates that the skeptical spirit, which has a decisive effect on sifting the truefrom the false and discovering the new from the unknown, is inevitably connected with knowledge inheritance of human, which pushes human toward the truth in turn.33.After all there does exist something, like convention, historical fact, word spelling andgrammar etc., is undoubted; in other word, those doubts which betray the original purpose of skepticism make no sense. So one problem should be made clear: why should we question?Personally I think we question because by questioning what can be doubted can we approach nearer and nearer the truth; meanwhile, question just for the question’s sake is not fit the spirit of skepticism. For example, the opinions, theories and axioms which are anthropogenic abstracted from nature or facts should be questioned, because thoughts and ideas of human beings are hard to be perfectly correct. On the other hand, fact and convention is undoubted. Since questioning those matters may lead to undermining the construction of human society and academy.34.After all, the culture of society, which was shaped by the inextricable relationship of historicaland modern thoughts, conventions, morality and values, plays a significant role in defining the attitudes and concerns of individuals. In other word, personal interests and attitudes reflect the ideas and values of society in some extent.35.we can know that openness and straightness might be an essential part of this society’s ideas.The example above illustrates that the act and dress of ordinary people that inevitably connect with environmental culture send the message with respect to the value of society to outward.36.it’s also necessarily through learning the art, history, religion and philosophy etc–representing the deep-seated supportive thought and culture of society- to learn the ideas and values of a society. After all, the development of history, the style of art and the way of thinking, which was formed from the accumulation of culture, still have a crucial effect on the shaping of today’s ideas and values of society.37.Admittedly, holding high standards of ethics and morality, which reminds official leaders tolive to the standards of fairness, justice and objectivity etc. rather than self-interests or party-profits consideration, are beneficial for officials to be effective chiefs. After all, fairness and objectivity -making one willing to hear different voices-playing a definitive role in making unbiased and fair decisions, which helps the leader to be effective. Obviously, it's easier for the public to accept and follow an objective policy than one full of bias and self-interests. 38.Here is an apt example involving President Lincoln, a politician who holds high standards ofethics and morality. He believes the creed, which sums up the dream and spirit of American fathers, that everyone should be equal all his life, even when he faced great pressure. His high moral and ethical standards help him win the support of his people, and ultimately win (注意时态)the civil war which ended slavery and hold American together in 1865. Martin Luther King is another living example. In 1960s’, king delivered his famous “I have a dream”lecture, and more than 200,000 people were inspired by his high standards of morality. As a result, the civil rights move eventually end with the pass of civil rights act in congress.39.After all, an effective leader should foresee the trend of future, make proper decisions andhave the charisma to call up public. Moreover, any leader should be responsible for the party, the country or the organization etc. He/she belongs to. That’s to say, no leader can ignore the interests of his/her group. President Reagan is a typical example. During 8 years of his president, series of scandals pesters him and the famous one is Iran gate. However, the inflation rate declined from 12.5% to 4.4% and unemployment rate down form7.5% to 5.0% under his economic policy. And he also won the “the great communicator” honor. All those feats prove him an effective leader. After he passed away, the government gave him state funeral.40.drop the reins of government whatever the leader brings about for us before41.The echo among the public during the period of Watergate affair can underscore this point.Even though Nixon, the former U.S. president, has made great contribution to boost the development of America, he had to leave his career of administration for the immoral things he has done.42.A supportive example for this is The Industry revolution. In about 1750, beginning withpower-driven machines starting doing work that people had always done by hand in England, The Industrial Revolution forever changed the way people used to live and work in most parts of the globe. It’s not the famous few, but rather groups of people, who are the carrier of productive power, lead to this revolution.43.Groups of people are too large and too complicated composed to startup by its own. Only bythe help of outstanding few who have the ability to motivate masses, significant trends or events can become possible.44.History in academic study is either the study of the past or the product of our attempts tounderstand the past, rather than the past itself.45.After all, the lives of exceptional people are connected with some event of their time and it ismuch easier to derive a general sight to understand human history form a few people rather than masses with various details46.After all, practicality and pragmatism, which inevitably connect with profit or interest, is theoverriding concern of most none-purely-academic endeavor. It seems clearly that practical principle turns out to be the litmus test for education of most engineering majors，whichaims more at supplying suitable human resource for companies and other profitable business today.47.For example, electrical engineering is depends less on theoretical research than practicalexperience, since there are much more unpredictable and uncontrollable factors in practice.48.After all, most study of theory -researched in ideal condition which does not exist in actuallife- is abstract.49.And putting matters outside of academic world, most of which tend to be more substantial,into ideal theory does harm to the imagination and innovation of students in these fields. 50.For example, if university provides every student the condition to do relevant experimentsimmediately after they learn new theory or makes it available for students to read and discuss some more works others have done, its instructional quality will be granted obviously.51.For example, with the development of the technologies of internet, students etc. can chooseto receive education from the net instead of the traditional way in the classroom, hence changes the conventional relationship between the students and teachers, namely making them more remote than ever; technologies of transportation help to change the custom that migration is rarely chosen unless disasters like war occur in most cases in the past, which influences the traditional motion of humanity to motherland.52.M. C. Escher, a great Dutch graphic artist who excelled at drawing but got poor grades inschool, exerts a profound influence on graphic arts. Escher never got normal mathematic training after he leave secondary school, but his graphic works are adorable to the mathematicians.53.Pol lution not only affects human beings’ lives but also destroy the environment in whichmany other specials live. Chemical leak kill several people, pose health risks and contribute to acid rain and global warming.54.It seems a paradox that our efficiencies are much higher than ever before while our leisure time isincreasingly diminishing, but it is actually the reality. The greater our mobility, the more our destinations each day; the more time-saving facilities we use, the more activities we try to attend ea ch day; with more convenient access to information, we try to assimilate more of it each day. Nowaday s we are forced to do more by the superiors, the competitors, or even by ourselves. Fortunately, we have more opportunities and choices than our predecessors, but at the same time, unfortunately, we have to confront with much more challenges and suffer from much more pressure. Therefore, people may be not able to enjoy their leisure time much in such an increasingly competitive society, consequently resulting in some serious social problems, such as unemployment, resentment, high suicide rate, anti-social behaviors, and so forth.。
GRE issue名人例子
返回第八章名人生平事迹对于ISSUE来说，中国考生最头疼的是没有例子举。
总觉得我们的文章，论证不充分。
由于文化的差异，很多在美国人心目中很具有说服力的名人以及名人的事迹，我们很少知道。
本章收集了能够用到名人的事迹。
还配有在ISSUE论题中的利用点。
大家在备考过程中，有空看几个人的，并且，要把人名的拼写记住。
写作的时候，有意给这方面想一想，你的文章就会更有说服力，更充实。
荷马(Homer) 亚里士多德 (Aristotle) 阿基米德（Archimedes）但丁 (Dante) 贞德（Joan of Arc）哥伦布（Columbus）达芬奇（Vinci）哥白尼 (Copernicus) 苏格拉底Socrates孔子Confucius米开朗基罗（Michelangelo）麦哲伦（Magellan）塞万提斯（Cervantes）莎士比亚（Shakespeare）培根 ( Bacon) 笛卡尔（Descartes）牛顿（Newton）卢梭( Rousseau) 康德 ( Kant) 华盛顿( Washington) 瓦特 ( Watt) 杰菲逊 ( Jefferson) 亚当斯密 ( Adam Smith ) 歌德（Goethe）拿破仑（Napoleon）贝多芬（Beethoven）黑格尔 ( Hegle) 欧文 ( Robert Owen ) 法拉第（ Faraday）伽利略Galileo荷马(Homer)Greek epic poet. Two of the greatest works in Western literature, the Iliad and the Odyssey, are attributed to him.参考事迹: 菏马史诗的写作，不是由一个人一朝一夕所完成，而是在漫长的岁月里，由最初口头流传的民间歌谣，经过累世行吟诗人的加工，才逐步形成的一种环绕中心事件的叙事诗。
在长期的流传中，经过不断增删，修饰，到公元前九到前八世纪左右，才由盲人诗人菏马整理定型。
GRE英语作文分类题库—ISSUE
GRE英语作文分类题库—ISSUE简介在GRE考试中，Issue是指议题写作，与Argument类似都是GRE Analytical Writing的一部分，需要候选人对给出的话题进行阐述和分析。
Issue是更具有主观性的考试内容，需要候选人充分表达自己的观点，谈及丰富的经验和事例支持论证，并且要注意措辞合理、思路清晰、结构紧凑。
在本文档中，我们将提供一些Issue题库，这些议题涵盖了社会科学、艺术、哲学等多个领域，通过研究这些经典话题，准备GRE写作中的Issue将变得更加得心应手。
Issue题库社会科学Politic and Government1. A government should invest funds in the arts to ensure that it canflourish and be available to all people.2.Some people claim that political decision-making process indemocracies is too slow to response to climate changes. Do you agree ordisagree?3.The government should provide healthcare to all citizens regardlessof their ability to pay for it.Education4.The purpose of college or university education is to help students tosucceed in future career. Do you agree or disagree?5.The function of education is to teach one to think intensively andcritically. Do you agree or disagree?6.Some people believe that the most important goal of education is tohelp people to learn to be happy on their own. Do you agree or disagree?Culture7.The most important way to preserve ancient historical sites is to makethem available to the public, to have them constantly used and thus alive.8.Museums and art galleries should focus on the works of art that arerepresentative of the cultural history of their own country rather than theworks of art that are from different parts of the world.9.It is important for people to celebrate the ceremonies and festivals oftheir own culture rather than those of other cultures.艺术Music and Film10.Artistic disciplines, such as music, theater, and film, are valuable onlywhen they contribute to the larger society.11.The purpose of music is to make us feel good. Do you agree ordisagree?12.The best way to appreciate music is simply to listen to it.Literature and Writing13. A person should never make an important decision alone.14.The best way to learn about life is through personal experience.15.Argue for and/or against the use of digital devices in literary analysis.哲学Morality and Ethics16.Morality depends on the individual.17.The ultimate goal of human beings is not happiness, but knowledge.18.To be an ethical person, one must take into consideration the contextof the situation.Knowledge and Reasoning19.Innovation should always be welcomed, even if it is leading towardsunethical practices.cation is more than simply acquiring knowledge; it is aboutlearning to think for oneself.21.The ultimate goal of philosophical inquiry is not knowledge, but action.总结以上便是我们为大家提供的GRE英语写作的Issue题库，这些话题涵盖了众多领域，如政治、文化、教育、艺术和哲学等。
新GREIssue官方范文整理汇总
新GREIssue官方范文整理汇总新GREIssue官方范文整理汇总新GREIssue 官方范文整理1Issue test 2“The best way for a society to prepare its young people for leadership in government, industry, or other fields is by instilling in them a sense of cooperation, not competition.”Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the claim. In developing and supporting your position, be sure to address the most compelling reasons or examples that could be used to challenge your position.Essay Response – Score 6Whenever people argue that history is a worthless subject or that there is nothing to be gained by just “memorizing a bunch of stupid names and dates,” I simply hold my tongue and smile to myself. What I’m thinking is that, as cliche as it sounds, you do learn a great deal from history (and woe to those who fail to learn those lessons). It is remarkable to think of the number of circumstances and situations in which even the most rudimentary knowledge of history will turn out to be invaluable. Take, for example, the issue at hand here. Is it better for society to instill in future leaders a sense of competition or cooperation? Those who have not examined leaders throughout time and across a number of fields might not have the ability to provide a thorough and convincing answer to this question, in spite of the fact that it is crucial to the future functioning of our society. Looking closely at the question of leadership and how it has worked in the past, I would have to agree that the best way to prepare young peoplefor leadership roles is to instill in them a sense of cooperation.Let us look first at those leaders who have defined themselves based on their competitiveness. Although at first glance it may appear that a leader must have a competitive edge in order to gain and then maintain a leadership position, I will make two points on this subject. First, the desire to compete is an inherent part of human nature; that is, it is not something that needs to be “instilled” in young people. Is there anyone who does not compete in some way or another every single day? You try to do better than others in your school work or at the office, or you just try to do better than yourself in some way, to push yourself. When societies instill competitiveness in their leaders, it only leads to trouble. The most blatant example in this case is Adolf Hitler, who took competition to the very extreme, trying to prove that his race and his country were superior to all. We do not, however, need to look that far to fi nd less extreme examples (i.e., Hitler is not the extreme example that disproves the rule). The recent economic meltdown was caused in no large part by the leaders of American banks and financial institutions who were obsessed with competing for the almighty dollar. Tiger Woods, the ultimate competitor in recent golfing history and in many ways a leader who brought the sport of golf to an entirely new level, destroyed his personal life (and perhaps his career--still yet to be determined) by his overreaching sense that he could accomplish anything, whether winning majors or sleeping with as many women as possible. His history of competitiveness is well documented; his father pushed him froma very early age to be the ultimate competitor. It served him well in some respects, but it also proved to be detrimental and ultimately quite destructive.Leaders who value cooperation, on the other ahnd, havehistorically been less prone to these overreaching, destructive tendencies. A good case in point would be Abraham Lincoln. Now, I am sure at this point you are thinking that Lincoln, who served as President during the Civil War and who refused to compromise with the South or allow secession, could not possibly be my model of cooperation! Think, however, of the way Lincoln structured his Cabinet. He did not want a group of “yes men” who would agree with every word he said, but instead he picked people who were more likely to disagree with his ideas. And he respected their input, which allowed him to keep the government together in the North during a very tumultuous period (to say the least). My point in choosing the Lincoln example is that competitiveness and conflict may play better to the masses and be more likely to be recorded in the history books, but it was his cooperative nature that allowed him to govern effectively. Imagine if 109the CEO of a large company were never able to compromise and insisted that every single thing be done in exactly her way. Very quickly she would lose the very people that a company needs in order to survive, people with new ideas, people ready to make great advances. Without the ability to work constructively with those who have conflicting ideas, a leader will never be able to strike deals, reach consensus, or keep an enterprise on track. Even if you are the biggest fish in the pond, it is difficult to force your will on others forever; eventually a bigger fish comes along (or the smaller finish team up against you!).In the end, it seems most critical for society to instill in young people a sense of cooperation. In part this is true because we seem to come by our competitive side more naturally, but cooperation is more often something we struggle to learn (justthink of kids on the playground). And although competitive victory is more showy, more often than not the real details of leadership come down to the ability to work with other people, to compromise and cooperate. Getting to be President of the United States or the managing director of a corporation might require you to win some battles, but once you are there you will need diplomacy and people-skills. Those can be difficult to learn, but if you do not have them, you are likely to be a short-lived leader.Reader Commentary for Essay Response – Score 6This outstanding response earns a score of 6 for presenting an insightful position on the issue and supporting its analysis with compelling reasons and persuasive examples. The response takes the insight-ful position that competition, though necessary to some aspects of leadership, is less important for young people to learn because it is inherent in the human condition and can lead to dangerous excesses, where-as cooperation is more difficult to learn but more essential. The response follows the task directions by using counterarguments in the development of its position. For example, the discussion of Lincoln explores conflicting sides of his Presidency (the “competition” of the Civil War and the “cooperation” within his Cabi net). In fact, the response skillfully explores the nuances of both cooperation and competition, building its position of agreement with the prompt by looking closely at many sides of both concepts. Additionally, the response demonstrates superior facility with language. There are a few minor errors, mainly typos, but in general the response demonstrates excel-lent sentence variety and diction. This sentence is typical of the quality of the writing throughout the response: “My point in choosing the Lincoln example is thatcompetitiveness and conflict may play better to the masses and be more likely to be recorded in the history books, but it was his cooperative nature that allowed him to govern effectively.” In this complex sentence, the writer makes skillful use of parallel structure and subordination. Because of its fluent writing and insightful development, then, this response earns a score of 6.新GREIssue 官方范文整理2Essay Response – Score 5Cooperation, the act of working as a group to achieve a collective goal, is an important value for young children to learn. Another vital life lesson children can learn is how to be competitive, which is a mindset in which a person feels the need to accomplish more than another person. Both are necessary to become well rounded individuals, but concerning preparing for a future in government, industry or various other fields, a sense of cooperation is much more important. While not all children are overly competitive in nature, every person has some level of competitive drive inside them. This is a natural thing and is perfectly normal. Unfortunately, if this competitive nature is emphasized, the child will have problems relating socially to other children, and subsequently, will have issues interacting with adults later in life. A fierce competitive drive will blind an individual, causing them to not see situations where group effort will be more greatly rewarded than an individual effort. Take for instance the many teams of people working for NASA. If the people that make up these teams were all out to prove that they were superior to others, our entire space program would be jeapordized. One needs to look beyond the scope of what is best on an individual level and learn to look at what will most benefit a broad group of people. This is where instilling a sense ofcooperation in young children is vital. Cooperation is taught at an early age and must be emphasized throughout life to fully embrace the concept.In the world of sports a competitive drive is vital; unfortunately, life is not a sports game that simply leads to a winning or losing score. Life is far more complex than this simple idea and there is no winner or loser designation to accompany it. We all have to work together to come to a conclusion that will assist 110not just ourselves, but others and future generations. In every scenario there will be individuals that have brilliant ideas, but those ideas require other people to build upon, perfect and impliment. Take for instance Bill Gates; Bill Gates is responsible for the Microsoft coorporation which he invented in his garage. His competitive drive assisted in building his idea, but it was the collaborative effort of many people that helped propel his invention into the world known product it is today. Without the cooperation of others, his genius invention might never have made it out of his garage. It may be true that an individual can change the world, but only so far as to say that an individual can construct an idea that will inevitably change the world. Once an idea is formulated, it then takes a team of people working collectively towards a common goal to make sure that the brillant, life-altering idea makes it to furtuition. Without the cooperation of many, an idea could simply remain as a picture on a drawing board. It is because of this possibility that instilling a cooperative demeanor in children is much more important than developing a competivie attitude. Competition is a natural thing that will develop with or without encouragement but the same cannot be said for a sense of cooperation.Reader Commentary for Essay Response – Score 5Arguing that cooperation is less natural and more important for leadership, this response develops a thoughtful position on the issue and conveys meaning clearly and well. For these reasons it earns a score of 5. Note that it does not develop its reasons and examples as thoroughly as the sample 6 does, but it still presents thoughtful analysis using well chosen examples. For example, the discussion of Bill Gates is thoughtful, exploring the ways that both competition (the “competitive drive” that led him to found a company) and cooperation (the “collaborative effort of many people” is what made the company work) were essential to his success as a leader. Throughout the response, then, counterarguments are used to create a nuanced position on the issue. The writer looks at conflicting aspects of competition, which is vital but insufficient for life because life is “more complex” than a sporting event, and cooperation, which is critical but more difficult to learn. In addition, the writer conveys meaning clearly, demonstrating sentence variety and a facility with language that is more than adequate. There are a few minor errors, mainly typos and misspelled words, but language control in this response is more than adequate (e.g., “One needs to look beyond the scope of what is best on an individual level and learn to look at what will most benefit a broad group of people.”). Because of its facility with language and its thoughtful position on the issue, this response earns a score of 5.新GREIssue 官方范文整理3Essay Response – Score 4When the generation of today matures, it is important for them to succeed and become the successful leaders in government, industry and other fields. There are many traits that leaders must possess, and cooperation is one of these veryimportant characters. Nonetheless it is important for leaders to have a sense of competition, so as to prevent themselves from be-ing complacent with their position.Cooperation is needed in order to be a functional person in society, while still adhering to social standards. Most leaders in society, did not start out as such. A person cannot isolate themselves from others with demeanor and attitude and expect to become an executive. While there may be leaders that have developed this ill attitude towards others, they did not get there by being that way. A person who is able to effectively cooperate with others, will subsequently develop a nexus of supporters. Through collaboration, people are able to develop their studies further and better themselves. However, it is still important for there to be a sense of competition. Competition is the root of motivation for most. It drives us to become stronger, smarter, and to want more. Nonetheless, the spirit of competition must also be reigned in, and not be allowed to run wild. Competitiveness can lead to abuse of power and distasteful actions, which is quite the opposite of someone who displays cooperativeness.Some may argue that competition is not needed. That those that are meant to be leaders will not become complacent, because they have their own internal drive to lead. If there was no competition, there would be no world records. Michael Phelps may not be a leader of government or industry, but he is certainly educated on the technique of swimming, and leader in his field. Would he be as good as he is today if there was not competition? Would the leaders of Microsoft have been motivated to create Bing if there was no Google? 111Cooperation helped many leaders get where they are today, and will continue to do so in the future. But leaders, as well as those that aspire to be one, allneed to have a sense of competition as well.Reader Commentary for Essay Response – Score 4This adequate response presents a clear position on the issue in accordance with the assigned task, arguing that both competition and cooperation are important for leaders. The response uses counterarguments both in the construction of its overall position (comparing the value of both competition and cooperation) and in its discussion of the positive and negative aspects of competition. However, the development of ideas in this response is not as thorough or as persuasive as one would expect to see in a response that earns a score of 5 or 6. For instance, the example of Microsoft inventing Bing to compete with Google is certainly relevant, but it is not developed with any thoughtfulness. It is simply stated. Other examples are somewhat more fully developed, but there is also some tangential material (e.g., even the writer seems to understand that Michael Phelps does not quite fit into a discussion of leadership). In addition to its adequate development, this response displays adequate control of language. This response does not have the sentence variety or the skillful diction seen in a response that earns a higher score. There are some minor errors present, but nothing that interferes with clarity. Because this response presents a clear position on the issue, expressing meaning with adequate clarity, it earns a score of 4.新GREIssue 官方范文整理4Essay Response – Score 3Leadership is a tough task to master.To be a leader means you must be better than a bunch of folks and work with them to accomplise a greater goal.Leadership in any feild needs cooperarive effort and a leader must be able to inspire and makethe human resourse at hand to work better.In doing so there is a far cry of an immense responsibility.I therefore stand by taking help from inmates to do the same.Like the say ‘when going gets tough the tough gets going’.So there is no point of getting bogged down rather plan more ways to get the work done and one of the sureshot approach is by working together.I believe to the core of my heart that there can be nothing equal to cooperation and unity in a work field.As simple as it sounds if one can do a work in hermit atmosphere at certain efficiency, a number of brains working toghether can be more effi cient.An atmosphere where everyone works holding hands and when someone falls there are people to make him stand again makes a much better picture in my mind everytime.Compitition is not a evil it can inspire some one to work better and looking to do better can be considered good.But am afraid what fear here is that when you compete with someone you set you limits to that person.So once you do better than him/her you tend to be relaxed and that is where when the real evil creeps in.With cooperation you have a goal and associated effort to work for the same.Rather than individual petty and competition to be better placed than an friend it would be far more appreciable to keep working for the common goal.That way even the goal gets more defined at some level.So lets all drop all this boundaries of indivisualism and keep working for a common goal,and if you want to compete then compete with yourself and get better than what you were yesterday.Reader Commentary for Essay Response – Score 3This response displays some competence in presenting aposition according to the task directions, but it earns a score of 3 because frequent minor errors do interfere with clarity. The writer agrees with the prompt that cooperation is more important, and it explores some counterarguments in its assertion that competition “can inspire some one to wo rk better and looking to do better can be considered good.” How-ever, almost every sentence in this response has at least one minor error. Some of the errors are typos or minor mechanical problems like missing spaces after punctuation. But other errors have more impact on meaning. Missing words, incorrect sentence boundaries, and improper verb forms contribute to a lack of clarity throughout the response. This sentence is typical of the limited language control seen throughout this response: “So there is no point of getting bogged down rather plan more ways to get the work done and one of the sureshot approach is by working together.” Because of its limited clarity, then, this response earns a score of 3.新GREIssue 官方范文整理5Essay Response – Score 2Both a sense of cooperation and competition is needed to be a good leader. If one is focused on competition and ignores or refuse to work with others then there would be problems for that leader. A 112leader needs to be able to get along, cooperate and know how to interact with others and allies. Treaties and allies require cooperation. Trade agreements and aid as well. A leader cannot achieve much alone. Competition is also needed to encourage people to be the best. If no one does there best to obtain a goal how would a leader be chosen. What kind of leader would that make? The best way for a society to prepare its young is to instill a sense of both competition and cooperation.Reader Commentary for Essay Response – Score 2This response earns a score of 2 for its seriously limited development. There is a clear position on the issue, as the writer argues that the “best way for a society to prepare its young is to instill a sense of both competition and cooperation.” However, the writer provides few, if any, relevant reasons or examples to support and develop this position. The discussion of cooperation is supported only by very generic assertions like the notion that “treaties and allies require cooperation.” And there is even less development in the discussion of competition. In order to receive a higher score, the response would need to provide more support for its position. Language control in this response is adequate, but the response earns a score of 2 because of its seriously limited development.Essay Response – Score 1Best way for a socity to prepare it’s young people for leadership in government, industry, or other fields is by instilling in them a sense of coopertion, not competition. This statement is very true, whether we mean leadership in government, industry, or any other fields. For leadership in government, industry, or other fields some people argue that the best way for society to prepare it’s young people is by instilling in them a sense of cooperation. Other people argue that the best way is through competition. It can be diffi cult for many people to decide between these two choices. There are many arguments that support both sides. I fully agree that the best way is to instilling in them a sense of cooperation, not competition.Reader Commentary for Essay Response – Score 1This response earns a score of 1 because it demonstrates little evidence of the ability to develop a position on the issue.Instead of developing a position, the response simply repeats the language of the prompt, adding some generic language that could be applied to any Issue prompt. For example, consider these sentences: “It can be difficult for many people to decide between these two choices. There are many arguments that support both sides.” This is a totally generic analytic al framework that has not been filled in with any specifi c exploration related to this prompt. The writer is clearly making an attempt to respond to the prompt, and the final sentence does seem to indicate a position on the issue. So the response does not merit a score of 0. However, the vast majority of the response is simply repetition of language from the prompt and/or generic material. Thus, it earns a score of 1.。
GRE issue写作万能论据
GRE issue写作万能论据From 太傻注：以下论据你可能觉得很俗，但你不得不承认他真的很万能，所以你到考场上肯定最先浮现的就是这几个名字，伽利略、牛顿、达尔文……1、Galileo（伽利略）:When he was 25 years old, he is reporting to have shown his students the error of Aristotle’s belief that speed of fall is not proportional to weight, by dropping two objects of different weight simultaneously from the Leaning Tower. His theory of free falling was the centre of the controversy In his own lifetime. But the theory make significant contribution to the research later, such as in ……Galileo's ideas were in advance of the age in which he lived.可用话题：怀疑精神；现在无用的研究结果未来不一定无用；新手novice与老手veteran、权威; 有争议、不确定的研究结果2、Copernicus（哥白尼）:For example, in 1543 as a time when most people believed that the sun and the planets circled around the earth, a Polish astronomer named Copernicus suggested that the earth and the other planets revolved around the sun. 例如，在1543年，就在大多数人相信太阳和其他行星是绕地球运转的时候，有一个叫哥白尼的人却提出，地球和其他行星是绕太阳运转的。
GRE issue 总结
1、As people rely on 表态+论述观点：中立偏否定1、科技确实对人有巨大帮助，减轻了人的思维负担：a、电子计算器帮助人们完成复杂计算，推动数学及相关领域发展；b、电脑由于其强大的功能可以被应用在几乎所有领域，成为人们思考和解决问题的重要工具；c、科技使得人们的研究领域大为扩展，同时拓展了人类的思维（intellection）和认知（perception）2、不得不说，很多情况下科技确实造成人类独立思维能力的下降：a、依赖计算器完成简单计算，运算能力下降；b、便利的科技造成人们懒于思考，而习惯于通过技术手段求助；c、通讯技术发展造成交流形式快速化，交流能力减退3、尽管如此，采用科技仍然利大于弊（outweigh）：a、科技确实减退了人类某些方面的思维能力，但主要集中在重复性（accurate）和精确性（precise）的领域，而独立思维寻求解决方法的能力并不受影响，反而被提升；b、部分能力下降相对于获得的实际利益和扩展人类的思维空间是值得的；c、科技本身没有错，很多时候是由于我们过度或不当的运用结论：尽管科技对人类思维的不良影响将持续讨论，我仍然认为只要我们正确运用科技，其弊端是可以削弱的，而优点则会极大地使我们受益。
2、To understand the most important characteristic表态+论述观点：偏否定1、不可否认，主要城市某些程度上可以代表一个国家及其社会的特性：a、主要城市往往是一个社会最强大繁华的地区，其特性影响了这个社会的特性，比如伦敦设计师偏爱格子型花纹（plaid），逐渐成为英国特色；b、由于主要城市往往汇聚了来自全国的人士，则各地特色的融合形成了该城市的特色，进而代表了该国社会的特色2、然而，这种代表性（representativeness）正在逐渐消退a、当今全球化程度日趋提高造成代表性下降，各国社会的主要城市逐渐趋同（skyscrapers），丧失独特个性；b、另一方面，某一社会各个地区发展程度差异很大，尤其在许多developing country造成主要城市反而成为特例，如中国，北京、上海等城市的繁华不能说明中国的发达，许多乡村地区非常落后3、事实上，由于主要城市代表性的下降，我们很难仅仅通过研究他们理解社会特性，而要针对不同社会的实际情况进行选择。
GRE写作-ISSUE高频提纲整理
1======================Issue 51======================【题目】”Education will be truly effective only when it is specifically designed to meet the individual needs and interests of each student.‖【翻译】只有针对每个学生的需要和兴趣，教育才真正的有意义。
【题纲】Position: There is no doubt that education should pay more attention on the needs and interests ofstudents, but it is possible for education to satisfy every student.1、从教育的目的上讨论，兴趣对教育的重要性；对个人，爱因斯坦有句至理名言：―兴趣是最好的老师‖；对社会，教育的目的就是为社会培养各种人才，如果不注重学生兴趣，那么他们到社会不可能尽其所能。
有时候可能埋没人才。
比如一味的强调分数，那么对发明有兴趣的学生可能会失去动力，eg.哥白尼以前学医，爱因斯坦小时候学习并不好（这个例子是以前看到别人用的，我没有想到很好的例子）2、学校必须努力发现并培养学生的兴趣。
因为有些学生没有意识到自己的兴趣，因此学校要在这方面作引导。
例如学校可以通过开设对终选修课，增加各类奖学金等方法来鼓励学生培养自己的兴趣；3、但是，鼓励兴趣的培养不等于学校必须根据每个学生的兴趣来进行教育，这既无意义也不现实；一方面老师是有限的，而学生的兴趣是各种各样的。
另一方面，学生没有足够的判断力来决定自己该学什么，比如数学，有些学生不喜欢学，但是能够去掉吗？过分强调学生兴趣势必会造成教学的紊乱，而且学生的兴趣不同阶段可能发生改变；4、总结2=================Issue 144=================【题目】"It is the artist, not the critic, who gives society something of lasting value."【翻译】是艺术家而不是批评家，给了社会一些永久的价值。
GRE-issue例子总结
我在准备issue过程中用到的查到的一些词及词组，我发现在引用例子的时候很多时候是知道用中文怎么说却常常被一个词的英文说法而难住了，所以我就一个个都查了出来，可能不能满足大家所有的要求，也希望对大家有点帮助吧，祝大家杀G成功：１）The flight of Apollo 11; lunar landing mission ，阿波罗１１号的登月计划另外，Apollo 13号的登月很惊险，大家可能都知道吧看过电影“阿波罗１３”的人都知道这段历史吧不知道的兄弟姐妹上百度搜一下就知道啦！，还有，“挑战者号” Challenger；哥伦比亚号 Columbia２）杨氏双缝实验（大学物理讲过的，呵呵）：Young’ double-slit experiment，严格来说，这个实验是用classical theory cannot explain，这里面涉及到 quantum theory，即量子理论，我不是学物理的，但是据我查的资料上说，其实人类对量子理论并没有完全地明白，也没法用它解释一切，这个观点我觉得可能用来说明人类的认识过程是由不知到知的认识过程，要用发展的眼光来看问题。
３）火星登月计划：Mars Exploration Rover Mission which costs $425 million every year for the assembly, test and launch process which is just the same amount as it costs to the film Titanic and Pearl Harbor，哇，够狠，老美有钱！另外，moon rover是月球车的意思，同理Mars rover．４）Manhattan Project，曼哈顿计划，就是当年Einstein 和 Oppenheimer（奥本海默，这小子狠，被称为原子弹之父，一定要记住，这小子在听说美国在对 Hiroshima，即日本广岛投原子弹之后，曾感叹自己当初不应该研制原子弹which给人类带来了灾难，科技与人性的题目能用到）５）多利Dolly，不用说了，我想顺着这只名羊提一提关于基因工程( genetic engineering)，转基因技术：transgenics，人体胚胎：human embryo，ＤＮＡ分子双螺旋结构：the double-helix structure of DNA,还有两个牛人，就是发现ＤＮＡ分子双螺旋结构的沃森和克里克,Waston and Crick６）二战纳粹德国在活人上做实验，用大量的犹太妇女人活体实验为的是研制避孕药（oral contraceptive）７）关于丑闻：Bill Clinton’s sexual scandal with Monica Lewinsky；Nixon’s Watergate scandal；兴奋剂：stimulant；猥亵（针对那个把自己黑皮染白的那个小子的）：v. molest; n. molestation； Kobe Bryant Rape case;８）垃圾邮件：不要再说junk mail啦，老土！有个更native的词：spam，记住哟！９）环境问题：氟利昂：freon，臭氧层：ozonosphere/ ozone layer，臭氧空洞：ozone hole；赤潮：red tide１０）关于美国总统：刺杀总统；岂今为止，美国一共有四位总统被刺杀，第一位是Abraham Lincoln,最后一位是John F. Kennedy，还有许多刺杀未遂的，比如刺杀Roosevelt，Truman等等，这可以被用来例子表明领导者不可能让每一个人都满意．另外，罗斯福是个残疾人，大家知道吧脊髓灰质炎导致坐在轮椅上，不过他并不是小时候得的病，挺奇怪，小儿麻痹并不是像我们想象的那样只能小时候得谈到杜鲁门，我得多说一句，当年美国的曼哈顿计划是罗斯福批的，知道美国要研究原子弹的人并不多，甚至许多后来参加研制的科学家都不知道自己在从事什么研究工作，保密工作做的相当严密，以致后来罗斯福下台，杜鲁门上台的时候都不知道美国已经研制出了原子弹．１１）北美最大范围的停电：blackout (or power failure )in eastern US and Canada，人类对科技依赖的例证．１２）巨牛的深蓝电脑，就是下棋的那个 Deep Blue，是IBM的电脑，有２５６个processor，另外IBM还有个别称 Big Blue１３）直线加速器 linear accelerator，回旋加速器 cyclotron accelerator１４）永动机 perpetual motion machine１５）名人Albeit Einstein：photo electronic effect (光电效应) ；question classical mechanics, quantum theory,不要墨守成规stick to conventions,头脑要灵活，不能太固执adamant/ obstinate/ stubborn/ headstrong，质能方程：mass-energy equation Galileo: did experiment on Leaning Tower of Pisa to discover law of uniform acceleration of falling bodies; discovered that moon shines with reflected light; denounced for advocating Copernican system ;was later tried by Inquisition(宗教法庭) and forced to recant（改变信仰）;哥白尼Copernicus，日心说：sun-centered system地心说：earth-centered system，布鲁诺Bruno，火刑be burned at stakeIsaac Newton：经典力学classical mechanics, 万有引力universal gravitation，be inspired by the falling apple; stand on the shoulders of giantsHegel 黑格尔: 1770－1831 German philosopher; his dialectic process for reconciling opposites influenced Existentialists, Marx, etc.Karl Marx 的辩证唯物主义来自于黑格尔的辩证法dialectic 和费尔巴哈Feuerbach的唯物论Vincent van Gogh：梵高，作品sunflowerMonet 莫奈作品 sunriseSteven Hawking:British theoretical physicist noted for his research into the origin of the universe. His work influenced the development of the big bang（宇宙大爆炸理论） and black hole（黑洞） theoryMandela（曼德拉）, （struggle against segregation in South Africa） the South African black political leader and former president, was awarded 1993 Nobel Peace Prize for his efforts to antiracism and antiapartheid. Nelson Mandela is one of the great moral and political leaders of our time: an international hero whose lifelong dedication to the fight against racial oppression in South Africa won him the Nobel Peace Prize and the presidency of his country. Since his triumphant release in 1990 from more than a quarter-century of imprisonment, Mandela has been at the centre of the most compelling and inspiring political drama in the world. He is revered everywhere as a vital force in the fight for human rights and racial equality. Beethoven, the German Composer, began to lose his hearing in 1801 and was entirely deaf by 1819. However, this obstacle could not keep him from becoming one of the most famous and prolific composers in art history. His music, including 9 symphonies, 5 piano concertos, several senates and so on, forms a transition from classical to romantic composition. Individual, Companies, Leadership and Internal controlDiscriminating services may cause misunderstanding and unpleasant best example is[Toshiba |,one of the largest Japanese companies. In 2000, the Company announced that among notebook computers it produced, one model had serious defect. Users inNorth America could choose either replacements with an upgraded model or full refund. However, no such offer for users in China. Chinese users were outraged at the company's discrimination and refused to use any of Toshiba's notebook computers. What the company lost is not only the temporary revenue but also the consumer's confidence, which contribute to the long-term success of the company.Roosevelt: the 32nd president and the only president elected for 4th terms (1933-45); developed reforms and projects known as the New Deal. Under his sagacious leadership, America successfully walked out the shadow of Recession and conquered the notorious fascism in the Second World War. And according to a poll conducted at Harvard in 1950, Roosevelt is highly renowned as one of the greatest president of American, ranking only after Washington and Lincoln.Washington: 1st president of the U.S. (1789-1797); established many precedents that permanently shaped the character of the office of president; universally regarded as father of his country. Abraham Lincoln: 16th president of the . (1861-65); successfully preserved the Union during the American Civil War; issued Emancipation Proclamation freeing all slaves in rebelling states; made famous address dedicating cemetery at Gettysburg; assassinated five days after end of Civil War.Jefferson: chief author of Declaration of Independence (1776); 3d president of the . (1801*09); purchased Louisiana from France, sent Lewis and Clark to explore it; prohibited importation of slaves; instrumental in founding U. of Virginia. From him we can see the importance initially laid upon education. He required his progenies to carve such epitaph on his tombstone as ‘chief author of Declaration of Independence; author of the Freedom Law of Religion in Virginia; Father of the Virginia Uni.’ Without mentioning of his presidency. It reflected viv idly what a status of education in Jefferson’s heart and this status was inherited by his successors. It is why American’s being super power of the world today.Wright Brothers(怀特兄弟):It lasted only 12 seconds, but those 12 seconds changed history. On December 17, 1903, two brothers named Orville and Wilbur Wright made the first airplane flight 哥俩的飞机就在天上呆了１２秒.Marie Curie : probed the mysteries of radioactivity and X rays. In 1903, she and her husband won the Nobel Prize in physics, one of the most important awards in science. In 1911, Marie Curie won a second Nobel Prize, this time in chemistry. She is one of very few people in history to win two Nobel prizes.Martin Luther King, Jr.I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character. I have a dream today!”Captain James Cook: sailed around the world twice. He was the first European to reach Hawaii and New ZealandOsama bin LadenConfucius孔子，Mencius 孟子注：下面的表格是我转贴的，并非原创，但是我也加工了一些，特别是对于一些词的英文１６）偷窥：peep，窃听: wiretap１７）颁布法律：enact a law１８）弱肉强食：the law of jungle１９）路易十六Louis XVI，就是被最终砍头（be guillotined）的那个法国国王。
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G R E-i s s u e例子总结-标准化文件发布号：（9556-EUATWK-MWUB-WUNN-INNUL-DDQTY-KII我在准备issue过程中用到的查到的一些词及词组，我发现在引用例子的时候很多时候是知道用中文怎么说却常常被一个词的英文说法而难住了，所以我就一个个都查了出来，可能不能满足大家所有的要求，也希望对大家有点帮助吧，祝大家杀G成功：１）The flight of Apollo 11; lunar landing mission ，阿波罗１１号的登月计划另外，Apollo 13号的登月很惊险，大家可能都知道吧？看过电影“阿波罗１３”的人都知道这段历史吧？不知道的兄弟姐妹上百度搜一下就知道啦！，还有，“挑战者号” Challenger；哥伦比亚号 Columbia２）杨氏双缝实验（大学物理讲过的，呵呵）：Young’ double-slit experiment，严格来说，这个实验是用classical theory cannot explain，这里面涉及到 quantum theory，即量子理论，我不是学物理的，但是据我查的资料上说，其实人类对量子理论并没有完全地明白，也没法用它解释一切，这个观点我觉得可能用来说明人类的认识过程是由不知到知的认识过程，要用发展的眼光来看问题。
３）火星登月计划：Mars Exploration Rover Mission which costs $425 million every year for the assembly, test and launch process which is just the same amount as it costs to the film Titanic and Pearl Harbor，哇，够狠，老美有钱！另外，moon rover是月球车的意思，同理Mars rover．４）Manhattan Project，曼哈顿计划，就是当年Einstein 和 Oppenheimer（奥本海默，这小子狠，被称为原子弹之父，一定要记住，这小子在听说美国在对Hiroshima，即日本广岛投原子弹之后，曾感叹自己当初不应该研制原子弹which给人类带来了灾难，科技与人性的题目能用到）５）多利Dolly，不用说了，我想顺着这只名羊提一提关于基因工程( genetic engineering)，转基因技术：transgenics，人体胚胎：human embryo，ＤＮＡ分子双螺旋结构：the double-helix structure of DNA,还有两个牛人，就是发现ＤＮＡ分子双螺旋结构的沃森和克里克,Waston and Crick６）二战纳粹德国在活人上做实验，用大量的犹太妇女人活体实验为的是研制避孕药（oral contraceptive）７）关于丑闻：Bill Clinton’s sexual scandal with Monica Lewinsky；Nixon’s Watergate scandal；兴奋剂：stimulant；猥亵（针对那个把自己黑皮染白的那个小子的）：v. molest; n. molestation； Kobe Bryant Rape case;８）垃圾邮件：不要再说junk mail啦，老土！有个更native的词：spam，记住哟！９）环境问题：氟利昂：freon，臭氧层：ozonosphere/ ozone layer，臭氧空洞：ozone hole；赤潮：red tide１０）关于美国总统：刺杀总统；岂今为止，美国一共有四位总统被刺杀，第一位是Abraham Lincoln,最后一位是John F. Kennedy，还有许多刺杀未遂的，比如刺杀Roosevelt，Truman等等，这可以被用来例子表明领导者不可能让每一个人都满意．另外，罗斯福是个残疾人，大家知道吧？脊髓灰质炎导致坐在轮椅上，不过他并不是小时候得的病，挺奇怪，小儿麻痹并不是像我们想象的那样只能小时候得谈到杜鲁门，我得多说一句，当年美国的曼哈顿计划是罗斯福批的，知道美国要研究原子弹的人并不多，甚至许多后来参加研制的科学家都不知道自己在从事什么研究工作，保密工作做的相当严密，以致后来罗斯福下台，杜鲁门上台的时候都不知道美国已经研制出了原子弹．１１）北美最大范围的停电：blackout (or power failure )in eastern US and Canada，人类对科技依赖的例证．１２）巨牛的深蓝电脑，就是下棋的那个 Deep Blue，是IBM的电脑，有２５６个processor，另外IBM还有个别称 Big Blue１３）直线加速器 linear accelerator，回旋加速器 cyclotron accelerator１４）永动机 perpetual motion machine１５）名人Albeit Einstein：photo electronic effect (光电效应) ；question classical mechanics, quantum theory,不要墨守成规 stick to conventions,头脑要灵活，不能太固执adamant/ obstinate/ stubborn/ headstrong，质能方程：mass-energy equation Galileo: did experiment on Leaning Tower of Pisa to discover law of uniform acceleration of falling bodies; discovered that moon shines with reflected light; denounced for advocating Copernican system ;was later tried by Inquisition(宗教法庭) and forced to recant（改变信仰）;哥白尼Copernicus，日心说：sun-centered system地心说：earth-centered system，布鲁诺Bruno，火刑be burned at stakeIsaac Newton：经典力学classical mechanics, 万有引力universal gravitation，be inspired by the falling apple;stand on the shoulders of giantsHegel 黑格尔: 1770－1831 German philosopher; his dialectic process for reconciling opposites influenced Existentialists, Marx, etc.Karl Marx 的辩证唯物主义来自于黑格尔的辩证法dialectic 和费尔巴哈Feuerbach的唯物论Vincent van Gogh：梵高，作品sunflowerMonet莫奈作品 sunriseSteven Hawking: British theoretical physicist noted for his research into the origin of the universe. His work influenced the development of the big bang（宇宙大爆炸理论） and black hole（黑洞） theoryMandela（曼德拉）, （struggle against segregation in South Africa） the South African black political leader and former president, was awarded 1993 Nobel Peace Prize for his efforts to antiracism and antiapartheid. Nelson Mandela is one of the great moral and political leaders of our time: an international hero whose lifelong dedication to the fight against racial oppression in South Africa won him the Nobel Peace Prize and the presidency of his country. Since his triumphant release in 1990 from more than a quarter-century of imprisonment, Mandela has been at the centre of the most compelling and inspiring political drama in the world. He is revered everywhere as a vital force in the fight for human rights and racial equality. Beethoven, the German Composer, began to lose his hearing in 1801 and was entirely deaf by 1819. However, this obstacle could not keep him from becoming one of the most famous and prolific composers in art history. His music, including 9 symphonies, 5 piano concertos, several senates and so on, forms a transition fromclassical to romantic composition. Individual, Companies, Leadership and Internal controlDiscriminating services may cause misunderstanding and unpleasant result.The best example is [Toshiba |, one of the largest Japanese companies. In 2000, the Company announced that among notebook computers it produced, one model had serious defect. Users in North America could choose either replacements with an upgraded model or full refund. However, no such offer for users in China. Chinese users were outraged at the company's discrimination and refused to use any of Toshiba's notebook computers. What the company lost is not only the temporary revenue but also the consumer's confidence, which contribute to the long-term success of the company.Roosevelt: the 32nd president and the only president elected for 4th terms (1933-45); developed reforms and projects known as the New Deal. Under his sagacious leadership, America successfully walked out the shadow of Recession and conquered the notorious fascism in the Second World War. And according to a poll conducted at Harvard in 1950, Roosevelt is highly renowned as one of the greatest president of American, ranking only after Washington and Lincoln.Washington: 1st president of the U.S. (1789-1797); established many precedents that permanently shaped the character of the office of president; universally regarded as father of his country. Abraham Lincoln: 16th president of the U.S. (1861-65); successfully preserved the Union during the American Civil War; issued Emancipation Proclamation freeing all slaves in rebelling states; made famous address dedicating cemetery at Gettysburg; assassinated five days after end of Civil War.Jefferson: chief author of Declaration of Independence (1776); 3d president of the U.S. (1801*09); purchased Louisiana from France, sent Lewis and Clark to explore it; prohibited importation of slaves; instrumental in founding U. of Virginia. From him we can see the importance initially laid upon education. He required his progenies to carve such epitaph on his tombstone as ‘chief author of Declaration of Independence; author of the Freedom Law of Religion in Virginia; Father of the Virginia Uni.’ Without mentioning of his presidency. It reflected vividly what a status of education in Jefferson’s heart and this status was inherited by his successors. It is why American’s being super power of the world today.Wright Brothers(怀特兄弟):It lasted only 12 seconds, but those 12 seconds changed history. On December 17, 1903, two brothers named Orville and Wilbur Wright made the first airplane flight 哥俩的飞机就在天上呆了１２秒.Marie Curie : probed the mysteries of radioactivity and X rays. In 1903, she and her husband won the Nobel Prize in physics, one of the most important awards in science. In 1911, Marie Curie won a second Nobel Prize, this time in chemistry. She is one of very few people in history to win two Nobel prizes.Martin Luther King, Jr. I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character. I have a dream today!”Captain James Cook : sailed around the world twice. He was the first European to reach Hawaii and New ZealandOsama bin LadenConfucius孔子，Mencius孟子注：下面的表格是我转贴的，并非原创，但是我也加工了一些，特别是对于一些词的英文说法，也算是站在巨人的肩膀上吧？嘿嘿１６）偷窥：peep，窃听: wiretap１７）颁布法律：enact a law１８）弱肉强食：the law of jungle１９）路易十六Louis XVI，就是被最终砍头（be guillotined）的那个法国国王。