英语初中知识学习第331期

(3) what is the cause of the phenomenon of the material in combination with the knowledge that it is learned? This phenomenon is different from the traditional social and economic, we say why?Problem analysis:(1) in the middle and late Ming Dynasty, Suzhou. (2) is the main artisan weavers, is the main workshop, is the owner of the means of production. On account of the value of the day, is the settlement of wages, is a kind of employment relationship. (3) in the southern area of the hand, the commodity economy is prosperous. "Capitalism sprout".Difficult differentiation1 basic features of agricultural economy in ancient China(1) from tillage, plow cattle farming is the main farming China traditional agriculture. (2) from the business point of view, small-scale peasant economy is the foundation of ancient feudal society. Take the family as the unit of small-scale peasant economy intensive cultivation, self-sufficiency, overall productivity level is low. This is the basic characteristics of agricultural economy in ancient China. (3) from the perspective of the evolution of land ownership, the ownership of the land ownership has become a basic feature of the agricultural economy in ancient China.In short, the ancient China is a country of agricultural civilization developed, and many of the nomadic people in the Central Plains to the end of the agricultural. The science and technology civilization of ancient China's leading world is based on the agricultural civilization.2 many kinds of business models of ancient Chinese handicraft industry(1) before the spring and autumn and Warring States, "industry and Commerce officer", the handicraft industry by the official business. After the spring and autumn and Warring States period, the three business models of government, private and family business models have long occurred in the spring and Autumn period. (2) farming men and women weave is combining individual agriculture and family handicraft industry economy, as the household sideline, cottage industry has occupied a very important position, the handicraft products is mainly for home consumption, and to pay taxes. (3) officer handicraft industry large scale, multi industry, fine division of labor, organization form tight, and in the form of "the official system" system reflected, also occupy the dominant position of the handicraft industry in ancient. (4) officer handicraft industry always restrict the development of privately run handicraft industry, but from the start in the middle and late Ming Dynasty, due to strong private demand, privately run handicraft industry in the rapid development, in the silk industry appeared labor employment in, and even began to the workshop manual mode of operation, the so-called capitalist sprout first in privately run handicraft industry.3 ancient Chinese hand industrial economic achievementsProjectRepresentative achievements of the major sectors of the DynastiesThe Han Dynasty silk textile yarn was exported to overseasIron, iron industry official: Water Hydraulic blast systemThe porcelain industry mature celadon porcelain technologyThere was steel smelting iron industry in northern and Southern DynastiesPrivate textile mill in the Tang DynastyPorcelain as an independent production sector initiative under glaze decoration, the Qing Xing whiteIn the Song DynastyTextile industry, cotton textile technology is extended to Fujian and GuangdongIron smelting industry has been using coal as fuelPorcelain kilns all over, fixed, Jun, Jingdezhen kilnIn the Ming DynastyTextile industryHave a free labor market, employmentDuring the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the emergence of capitalism, the Qing Dynasty has been more mature hand industrial workshopThe Qing Dynasty porcelain Famille Rose Porcelain4 characteristics of ancient Chinese business development(1) commercial origin earlier, the emergence and development of business and agriculture, handicraft industry is closely related. (2) because of the need to exchange their own products, the farmers' families in China need to exchange their own products, especially the production data. (3) the market pattern of ancient Chinese traditional market can not shake the feudal economic system, and it is also very difficult for the development of capitalism to createconditions. (4) the city's political attribute and official trade for political purposes are greater than the business itself. (5) the commercial development of ancient China has always been under the control of the feudal government, and the development of the development process is difficult and tortuous. The low social status of businessmen, even if is big business must also be combined with the feudal forces. Therefore, the most powerful business capital are often privileged businessmen, businessmen, bureaucrats, landlords Trinity become a common phenomenon.[in history]Picture 1: agricultural irrigation tools -- rollInterpretation of the contents of the dumper, also known as keel waterwheel, water lifting machines and tools, Majun creation in the period of the Three Kingdoms is our country ancient most famous agricultural irrigation machinery one of. Hand, foot, car available cattle, water or wind to drive. Keel leaf plate used as a chain, the use of gear principle, the water transport to the need for continuous water, the effect is greatly improved, the operation is convenient, but also to transfer water points.Historical value: chain drive in ancient China, the earliest application is on the roll over that production tool of innovation in the development of agricultural production has a key role, also can explain the dependence of agricultural society of water conservancy.Picture 2: the division of the mother of the big squareInterpretation of content: Si Muwu Ding is the late Shang Dynasty bronze. 1939 unearthed in Henan Anyang City, a piece of agricultural land, because the interior of the tripod cast "Si Muwu" three characters named is representative of the Shang Dynasty bronzes, collection is now in the National Museum of China. Si Muwu Ding 133 centimeters high, 110 cm in length, width 79 cm, weighs about 875 kg, is currently found in the world's largest bronze.Historical value: Si Muwu Ding is symbol of Shang Dynasty bronze metallurgy process reached a peak, is important materials for studying the politics, economy and culture at that time. In terms of technology, it reflects the advanced nature of the ancient smelting technology.Picture 3: "Kangxi's southern tour map" in the river merchantContent。