2010考研英语真题来源报刊阅读100篇19
2010考研英语历年真题——报刊阅读100篇(5)
2010考研英语历年真题——报刊阅读100篇(5).txtUniversity expansionBRITAIN’S universities are in an awful spin. Top universities were overwhelmed by the 24% of A-level applicants sporting indistinguishable straight As; newer ones are beating the byways for bodies.Curiously, both images of education—the weeping willows of Cambridge and the futuristic architecture of UEL—are cherished by the government. Ministers want to see half of all young people in universities by 2010 (numbers have stalled at 42%), without relinquishing the world class quality of its top institutions.Many argue that the two goals are incompatible without spending a lot more money. Researchers scrabble for funds, and students complain of large classes and reduced teaching time. To help solve the problem, the government agreed in 2004 to let universities increase tuition fees.Though low, the fees have introduced a market of sorts into higher education. Universities can offer cut-price tuition, although most have stuck close to the $3,000. Other incentives are more popular. Newcomers to St Mark & St John, a higher-education college linked to Exeter University, will receive free laptops.As universities enter the third week of “clearing” , the marketing has become weirder. Bradford University is luring students with the chance of winning an MP3 player in a prize draw. Plymouth University students visited Cornish seaside resorts, tempting young holiday-makers with surfboards and cinema vouchers. These offers suggest that supply has outstripped demand.Not so the top universities that make up the “Russell group”, however. Their ranks include the likes of Imperial College London and Bristol University along with Oxford and Cambridge. Swamped with applicants, only half offer any places through clearing. They have a different problem: they need money to compete for high calibre students and academics, both British and foreign, who could be tempted overseas by better heeled American universities or fast improving institutions in developing countries such as India.Higher fees and excess supply are causing students to look more critically at just what different universities have to offer. And the crunch could become more acute. The number of 18-year-olds in Britain will drop around 2010 and decline over the following ten years, according to government projections.Bahram Bekhradnia, the director of the Higher Education Policy Institute, a think tank, says the government hasn’t a hope of getting 50% of young Britons into higher education by 2010. And the decline of home-grown student numbers will have a“differential effect” on universities, he reckons. Those at the bottom end will have to become increasingly “innovative” about whom they admit and some may not survive.The Cambridge shades evoked by Rupert Brooke were gentle, nostalgic ones. Many vice chancellors today are pursued by far more vengeful spectres of empty campuses, deserted laboratories, failed institutions. Markets, after all, create winners—and losers.考研词汇：awful[??:ful]a.①极度的，极坏的，糟糕的;②威严的，可怕的;ad.十分，极度地overwhelm [??uv??welm]vt. 淹没, 覆没, 受打击, 制服, 压倒curiously[?kju?ri?sli]ad.好奇地imperial[im?pi?ri?l]a.皇帝的;帝国的swamp[sw?mp]n.沼泽, 湿地, 煤层聚水;v.陷入沼泽, 淹没, 覆没acute[??kju:t]a.①敏锐的，尖锐的;②(疾病)急性的[真题例句]Acute (①) foreign observers related American adaptiveness and inventiveness to this educational advantage.[1996年阅读4][例句精译] 目光敏锐的外国观察家把美国人的适应能力和创新能力与这种教育优势联系起来。
2010考研英语真题完整版
2010考研英语真题完整版2010-01-10 23:24Section I Use of English 完型Dnecclious:Read thc following text．Choose the bcsl word(s) for each numbcred blank．and mark[A]，[B]，[C]or[D]on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)In 1924 American' National Research Council sent to engineer to supervise a series of experiments at a telephone-parts factory called the Hawhtore Plant nearChicago It hoped they would learn how stop-floor Egnting __1__ workors productivity Instead，the studies ended__2__ giving their name to the“Ha whthomeeffect”the extremely inflentlcel ldea the veey__3__to bemg expenmented upon changed subjects’behaviorThe idea arose because of the__4__behavior of the women in the plato．Accordmg to __5__of the cxpetmems．their．houriy output rose when hghtmg WaSincreased．but also when it was dimmed. It did not __6__what was done in the expenment. __7__sometmg was changed．produchnty rose A(n) __8__ that theywere bemg experimented upon seemed to be __9__t0 alterworkers' bchamor __10__ uselfAfter several decades，the salile data were __11__to econometric the analysis Hawthorne experiments has another surprise store j2一the descnpuons on record，nosystematic __13__was foundthat lcvcls of produchxnty wererelated to changes in lightingIt turns out that peculiar way of conducting the c~enments may be have let to __14__interpretation of what happed．__15__，tighring was always changed ona Sunday When work started again on Monday, output __16__ rose compared with the previous Saturday and __17__ to rise for the next couple of days __18__ , ，a comparison with data for weeks whenthere was no expenmentation showed that output always went up On Monday, workers __19__to be duigent for the first fewdays of the week in any case，before __21__a plateau and then slackening off This suggests that the alleged” Hawthorne effect“is hard to ptn down1.[A] affected [B]achieved [C]exlracted [D]restored2[A]at [B]up [C]with [D]Off3[A]Wuth [B]sight [C]act [D]proof4．[A]conVoversial [B]perplexing [c]mischieous [D]ambiguous5．[A]reqtttrents [B]cxplanalions [C]accounts [D]assements6[A]conclude [B]matter [C]indicate [D]work7[A]as faras [B]for fearthat [C]in casethat [D]so long as8．[A]awarerress [B]expectation [C]sentiment [D]illusion9．[A]suitale [B]excessive [C]enough [D]abundant10．[A]about [B]for [C]on [D]by11[A]compared [B]shown [C]subjected [D]conveyed12.[A]contrary to [B]consistent with [C]parallel with [D]pealliar to13.[A]evidence [B]guidance [C]implication [D]source14.[A]disputable [B]enlightening [C]retiable [D]wasleadmg15.[A]In contast [B]For example [C]In consequence [D]As usual16．[A]duly [B]accidentally [C]unpredictably [D]suddenly17．[A]failed [B]ceased [C]started [D]continued20.[A]breaking [B]chrnbing [C]surpassmg [D]hitingSection Ⅱ Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections：Read the following four texts．Answer the questions below each text by choosing[A]，[B]，[C]or[D]．Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1．(40 points)Text 2Over the past decade,thousands of patents have seen granled for what are called business methods．Amazon com received one for its“one-click”online paymentsystern Merrill Lynch got legal protection for an asset allocation strategy．One invenlor patented a tochnique for lying a boxNow the nation’s top patent court appears completely ready to scale hack on business-method patents, which have been controversial e,ver since they were firstauthorized 10 years ago In a movethat has intellectual-property lawyers abuzz the U.S court of Appeals for the federal ctrcuit sald it would usea particular case tOconduct a broad review of business-method patents. Inre Bijskl, as the ca se is known, is“a very big deal”, says Dermis'D Crouch of the University of MissounSchool of law．It “has the potential to elinate an entire class of patmts”Curbs on business-method claims would be a dramatic about-face because it was the federal circuit itself that introduced such patents with is 1998 decision in the so-called state Street Bank case, approving a patent on a way of pooling mutual-fund assets. That ruling produced an explosion in business-method patent filings, initially by emerging internet companies trying to stake out exclusive pinhts to specific types of online transactions. Later, move established companies raced to add such patents to their files, if only as a defensive move against rivals that might bent them to the punch. In 2005, IBM noted in a court filing that it had been issued more than 300 business-method patents despite tha fact that it questioned the legal basis for granting them. Similarly, some Wall Street investment films armed themselves with patents for financial products, even as they took positions in court cases opposing the practice.The Bilski case involves a claimed patent on a method for hedging risk in the energy market. The Federal circuit issued an unusual order stating that the case would be heard by all 12 of the court’s judges, rather than a typical panel of three, and that one issue it wants to evaluste is wether it should “reconsider” its state street Bank ruling.The Federal Circuit’s action comes in the wake of a series of recent decisions by the su preme. Count that has nurrowed the scope of protections for patent holders. Last April, for example the justices signaled that too many patents were being upheld for “inventions” that are obvious. The judges on the Federal circuit are “reaction to the anti_patent trend at the supreme court” says Harole C wegner, a partend attorney and professor at aeorge Washington University Law School.26. Business-method patents have recently aroused concern because of[A] their limited value to business[B] their connection with asset allocation[C] the possible restriction on their granting[D] the controversy over authorization27. Which of the following is true of the Bilski case?[A] Its rulling complies with the court decisions[B] It involves a very big business transaction[C] It has been dismissed by the Federal Circuit[D] It may change the legal practices in the U.S.28. The word “about-face”(Line 1, Paro 3)most probably means[A] loss of good will[B]increase of hostility[C]change of attitude[D] change of auiuled29．We learn from the last two pamgraphs that business-meihod Pateats[A] are immune to legal challenges[B] are of ten unnecessarily issued[C] lower the esteem for pateat holders[D] increase the incidence of risks30．Which of the following would bethe subject ofthe text?[A]A looming threat to bvamess-melhcd patents[B]Protection for business-method patent holders[C]A legal case regarding business-methodpatents[D] A prevailing tread against business-method patentsText 3In his book The Tipping Poinl Malcohn aladuell aloues that social epidemics are dliven inlargepart by the acting of a tiny minority of specialindividuals,often calledin flu entials who are unusuall informed, persuasive, or we connect The idea is intuit ively compelling but it doesn't explain howideas actually spread.The supposed importance of inftuentials derives from a plansible sounding but largely untested theory untested thelry called the "tow-step flow of communication" Informationllows from the mediato the inftuentials and from then to ereryone else. Marke ters have embraced the two-step flow became it suggests that if they can just find andinfluence the in fluent ials, those select people will do most of the work for them Thetheory also seems to explain the sudden and unexpected popularity of people waswearing promoting or developing whaterver it is before anyone else paid attention Anecdotal evidence of this kind fits nicely with the idea that only certain specialpeople call drivetrendsIn their recent work howeyer some researchers have come up with the finding that in fluentials have far less impact on social epidemics than is genetally supposed Infact they don’t seem to be required of allThe researchers' argument stems from a simple obserrating about social influence with the exception of a few celebrities like Oprah Winfrey-whose outsize presence is primanrilly a function of media not interpersonal influence-enen the most influential members of a population simply don't interact with that many others Yet it is precisely these non-celebring influentials who according to the two-step-flow theoryare supposed to drive social enidemics by influcenciny their friends and colleagues directly .For a social epidemic to occur however each person so sffected must then influcence his or her own acquaintances,who must in turn influence theirs and so on and just how many others pay attention to each of these people has little to do with the initial influential.If people in the network just two degrees removed from the initial influential prove resistant for example from the initial influential prove resistant, for example the casecade of change won't propagate very far or affect many people.Building on the basic truth about interpersonal influence the researchers studied the dynamics of populations manipulating a number of variables relating of populations manipulating a number of variables relating to people’s abilify to influence others and their tendence to be31. By citing the book The Tipping Point the author intends to[A] analyze the consequences of social epid emics[B] discuss influentials’ funcition in spreading ideas[C] exemplify people’s intuitive response to social epidemics[D] describe the essential characteristics of influentials32. The author suggests that the “two-step-flow theory”[A] serves as a solution to marketing problems[B] has helped explain certain prevalent trends[C] has won support from influentials[D] requires solid evidence for its validity33. what the researchers have observed recenty shows that[A] the power of influence goes with social interactions[B] interpersonal links can be enhanced through the media[C] influentials have more channels to reach the public{D}most celebritiea enjoy wide media attention34.the underlined phrase “these people”in paragraph 4 refers to the ones who{A}stay outside the network of social influence{B}have little contact with the source of influence{C}are influenced and then influence others{D} are influenced by the initial influential34.what is the essential slement in the dynamics of social influence?{A}The eageiness to be accepted{B}The impulse to influence others{C}The resdiness to be influenced{D}The inclination to rely on othersText 4Bankers have been blaming themselves for their troubles in public .Behind eht scenes,theyhave been taking aim at someone else the accounting standard-setters.Their rules,moan the banks,have forced th em to report enormous losses,and it’s just not fair.These rules say they must value some assets at the price atheird party would pay,not the price managers and regulators would like them to fetch.Unfortunately,banks’lobbying now seems to be working.The details may be unknowable,but the independence of standard-setters,essential to the proper functioning of capital marksts,is being compromised.And,unless banks carry toxic assets at prices that attract buyers,reviving the banking system will be difficult.After a bruising encounter with Xongress.America;s Financial Accounting Standards Board(FASB)rushed through rule changse.These gave banks more freedom to use models to value illiquid assets and more flexibility in recognizing losses on long0term assets in their income statement.Bob Herz,the FASB’s chairman,cried out against ehose who ”question our motives.”Yet bank shares rose and the changes enhance what one lobby group politely calls”the use of judgment by management.”European ministers instantly demanded that the International Accounting Standards Board(IASB)do likewise.The IASB says it does not want to act without overall planning,but the pressure to fold when it comletes it reconstruction of rules later this year is strong Charlie McCreevy,a European commissioner,warned the IASB that is did”not live in a political vacuum”but”in the real word” and the Europe could yet develop different rules.It was banks that were on the wrong planet,with accouts htat wastly overvalued assets.today they argue htat market prices overstate loeees,because hteyLargerly reflect the temporary illiquldity of markets,not the likely entent of bad debts.The truth will not be known for years.But bank’s shares trade below their book value,suggeting that investors are akeptical.And dead markets partly reflect the paralysis of banks which will not sell assets for fear of booking losses,yet are relucaant to buy all those supposed bargains.To get the sysytem working again, losses must be recognized and dealt with.America’s new plan to buy up toxic assets will not work unless banks mark assets to levels which buyers find attractive. Successful markets require independent and even combative standard-setters. The FASB and IASB have been exactly that,cleaning up rules on stock options ang pensions,for example,against hostility interests. But by giving in to critics now they are inviting pressure to make more concessions.36. Bankers complained that they were forced to[A]follow anfavorable asset evaluation rules[B]collect payments from third parties[C]cooperate with the price managers[D]reevaluate some of their assets37.According to the author,the rule changes of the FASB may result in[A]the dimingishing role of management[B] the revival of the banking syestem[C]the bank’s long-term asset lossers[D]the weakening og its indepentdence38. According to Paragarph 4,McCreevy objects to the IASB’s attempt to[A] keep away from political influences[B] evade the pressure from their peers[C] act on their own in ruli-setting[D]take gradual measures in reform39、The author thinks the banks were“on the wrong planet”in that they[A]mis interpreted market price indicators[B]exaggerated the real value of their assets[C]neglected the likely existence of bad debts[D]denied booking losses in their sale of assets40、The author’s attitude towards standard-setters is one of[A]satisfaction[B]skepticism[C]objectiveness[D]sympathyPart BDirections:For Questions 41-45,choose the most suitable paragraphs from the first A-G and fill them intothe numbered boxes to from a coherent text Paragraph E has been correctly placed. There is one paragraph which dose not fit in with the text. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1.(10 points)[A]The firs t and more important is the consumer’s growing preference for eating out; the consumption of food and drink in places other than homes has risen from about 32 percent of total consumption in 1995 to 35 percent in 2000 and is expected to approach 38 percent by 2005. This development is boosting wholesale demand from the food service segment by 4 to 5 percent a year Europe compared with growth in retail demand of 1 to 2 percent. Meanwhile as the recession is looming large, people are getting anxious. They tend to keep a tighter hold on their purse and consider eating at home a realistic alternative.[B]Retail sales of food and drink in Europe’s largest markets are at a standstill,lesving European grocery retailers hungry for opportunities to grow.Most leading retailers have alteady tried e-commerce,with limit success,and expansion abroad.But almost all have ignored the big.profitable opportunity in their own backyard the wholesale food and drink trade,whoch appears to be just the kind of market retailers need.[C]Will such variations bring about a change in the overall structure of the food and drinkmarket?Definitely not.The functioning of the market is basrd on flexibleTrends dominated by potential buyers.In other words it is up to the buyer tather than the seller to decide what to buy.At any rate this change will ultimately be acclaimed by an ever-growing number of both domestic and international consumers regardless of how long the current consumer pattem will take hold.[D] All in all,this clearly seems to be a market in which big retailers that master the intricacies of wholesaling in Europe may well expect to rake in substantial profits there by.At least,that is how it looks as a whole.Closer inspection reveals import differences among the biggest national markets,especially in their customer segments and wholesale structures,as well as the competitive dynamics of individual food and drink categories.Big retailers must understand these differences before they can identify the segments of European wholesaling in which particular abilities might unseat smaller but enerenched competitors.New skills and unfamiliar business models are needed too.[E] Despite variations in detail,wholesale markets in the countries that have been closely examined-France,Germany,Italy,and Spain-are made out of same building blocks.Demand comes mainly from two sources:independent morn-and-pop grocery stores which,unlike large retail chains,are two small to buy straight from producers,and food service operators range from snack machines to large institutional catering ventures,but most of these businesses are known in the trade as “horeca”:hotels,restaurants,and cafes.Overall, Europe’s retail wholesale market, but the figures,when added together,mask two opposing trends.[F] For example, wholesale food and drink sales come to $268 billion in France, Germany, Italy, Spain and the United Kingdom in 2000-more than 40 percent of retail sales. Moreover, average overall margins are higher in wholesale than in retail; wholesale demand from the foodservice sector is growing quickly as more Europeans eat out more often;and changes in the competitive dynamics of this fragmented industry are at last making it feasible for wholesalers to considerate.[G] However, none of these requirements should deter large retails and even some large good producers and existing wholesalers from trying their hand,for those that master the intricacies of wholesaling in Europe stand to reap considerable gains.41→42→ 43 → 44 → E → 45Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese.Your translation should be written carfully on ANSWER SHEET 2.(10Points)One basic weakness in a comservation system based wholly one economic motives is that most members of the land community have no economic value Yet these ereatures are members of the biotic community and ,if its stability depends on its inteynity,they are entitled to continuanceWhen one of these noneconomic categories is threatened and if we happen to love it.We incert excuses to give it economic importance At the beginning pf century songbiras were supppsed to be disappearing.(46)Scinentists jumped to the resure with some distimctly shaky evidence to the effect the insecets would est us up of brids failed to control them the ecideuce had to be conbmic in order to be walid.It is pamful to read these round about accounts today.We have no land ehtic yet.(47)but we have at least drawn near the point pf admitting that birds should continue as a matter of intrinisic right reardless of the presence pf absence of economic adcantage to us.A panallel situation exists in respect of predatory mamals and fish-eating birds(48)Time was when biologosts somewhat over worded evidence that these creatures preserve the health of game by killing the physically weak or that they prey only on “worthless species”.Some species pf tree have been read out of the party by economici -minded fpresters they grow too slowty or have a sale vate to pay as imeber crops (49)In europe,where forestry is ecologically more advanced ,the ncommercial tree species are recognized ad members of native forest community,to be preserved as such,within reason.To sum up;a system of conservation based solely on econominc self-interest is hopelesstly lopsided(50)It tends to ignore,and thus eventually to eliminate,many elements in the land community that lack commercial value,but that are essential to its healthy functioning.Without theuneconomic pats.。
2010考研英语：历年真题来源报刊阅读100篇（13）
Organ transplants: Your part or mine? AS MARKETS in human organs go, the one which flourishes on Tehran’s Vali Asr street, where Iran’s main transplant hospital is located, is not the cruellest—and there is no lack of people willing to discuss their transactions. Gholamreza, a 44-year-old man from northern Iran, explains what he did when his dialysis started to fail. “I put an advertisement in the paper for a kidney, and a donor came straight to me. We reached an agreement on the price quite quickly. In these cases, the recipient usually takes care of the donor afterwards. So I still visit my donor and help him out.” Another man wandering round the district, aged around 30 and wearing torn, cheap clothing, is hoping he can find a buyer as decent as Gholamreza claims to be. He expects to get between $3,000 and $4,000 for one of his kidneys. “I need the money because I lost out in a pyramid investment scam. After the operation I won’t be able to lift heavy things, but I can still live with only one kidney.” Iran’s Association of Kidney Patients, a non-government organisation which obviously enjoys official favour, is responsible for all legal kidney transplants: it insists that commercial deals are the exception, not the rule. For one thing, it says, the religious authorities encourage voluntary gifts: in other words, cases where a patient receives a kidney freely offered by a friend or relative. Pious Muslims may also offer up a kidney to anyone who needs it. For surgeons, patients and medical economists alike, the shortage of kidneys seems frustrating, because no organ lends itself better to transplant. As long as they receive decent after-care, kidney donors suffer only the tiniest increase in their own risk of dying of kidney disease. And transplants make economic sense: the cost of one kidney operation and a lifetime’s supply of anti rejection drugs equals that of three years’ dialysis. Kidneys donated by a living person last for a median 22 years in another body; when they are taken from a fresh corpse, the figure is 14 years. Whatever solution they propose to the shortage of kidneys, nobody doubts that the black market, as it now works, has grotesque effects, both for donors and recipients. Rich westerners who go to South Asia or Africa in search of kidneys often receive organs that are diseased or unsuitable. Nancy Scheper-Hughes, an American professor of medical anthropology and campaigner against organ trading, says the way poor Brazilians were induced to travel to South Africa is typical of the abuses a market in body parts, especially an international one, is bound to cause. She says donors in the Brazilian slums were given false promises about the money they would make, the care they would receive and the after-effects of the operation. Some senior figures in the medical world draw a different conclusion: as long as some people are determined to obtain kidneys and others are desperate enough to sell them, the trade will be impossible to stop—so it makes better sense to regulate the business than drive it underground. 考研词汇： flourish[ˈflʌriʃ] v.繁荣，茂盛，兴旺 [真题例句] It’s theory to which many economists subscribe, but in practice it often leaves railroads in the position of determining which companies will flourish and which will fail.[2003年阅读3] [例句精译] 这种理论得到了多数经济学家的认同，但在实际操作中，它使铁路公司获得了⼀个决定谁败谁荣的权利。
2010英语阅读真题解析
2010英语阅读真题解析The longest bull run in a century of art-market history ended on a dramatic note with a sale of 56 works by Damien Hirst, “Beautiful Inside My Head Forever”，at Sotheby’s in London on September 15th 2008. All but two pieces sold, fetching more than ￡70m, a record for a sale by a single artist. It was a last victory. As the auctioneer called out bids, in New York one of the oldest banks on Wall Street, Lehman Brothers, filed for bankruptcy。
The world art market had already been losing momentum for a while after rising vertiginously since 2003. At its peak in 2007 it was worth some $65 billion, reckons Clare McAndrew, founder of Arts Economics, a research firm―dou ble the figure five years earlier. Since then it may have come down to $50 billion. But the market generates interest far beyond its size because it brings together great wealth, enormous egos, greed, passion and controversy in a way matched by few other industries。
2010考研英语历年真题——报刊阅读100篇(6)
Winning waysEver since the stunning victory of Deep Blue, a program running on an IBM supercomputer, over Gary Kasparov, then world chess champion, in 1997, it has been clear that computers would dominate that particular game. Today, though, they are pressing the attack on every front. They are the undisputed champions in draughts and Othello. They are generally stronger in backgammon. They are steadily gaining ground in Scrabble, poker and bridge. And they are even doing pretty well at crossword puzzles. There is one game, however, where humans still reign supreme: Go. Yet here too their grip is beginning to loosen.Go is a strategic contest. Each player tries to stake out territory and surround his opponent. The rules are simple but the play is extraordinarily complex. During a game, some stones will “die”, and some will appear to be dead but spring back to life at an inopportune moment. It is often difficult to say who is winning right until the end.Deep Blue and its successors beat Mr Kasparov using the “brute force” technique.Unfortunately, brute force will not work in Go. First, the game has many more possible positions than chess does. Second, the number of possible moves from a typical position in Go is about 200, compared with about a dozen in chess. Finally, evaluating a Go position is fiendishly difficult. The fastest programs can assess just 50 positions a second, compared with 500,000 in chess. Clearly, some sort of finesse is required.In the past two decades researchers have explored several alternative strategies. Now, however, programmers are making impressive gains with a technique known as the Monte Carlo method. Given a position, a program using a Monte Carlo algorithm contemplates every move and plays a large number of random games to see what happens. If it wins in 80% of those games, the move is probably good. Otherwise, it keeps looking.This may sound like a lot of effort but generating random games is the sort of thing computers excel at. In fact, Monte Carlo techniques are much faster than brute force. Moreover, two Hungarian computer scientists have recently added an elegant twist that allows the algorithm to focus on the most promising moves without sacrificing speed.The result is a new generation of fast programs that play particularly well on small versions of the Go board. In the past few months Monte Carlo-based programshave dominated computer tournaments on nine -and 13 line grids. MoGo, a program developed by researchers from the University of Paris, has even beaten a couple ofstrong human players on the smaller of these boards—unthinkable a year ago. It is ranked 2,323rd in the world and in Europe’s top 300. Although MoGo is still someway from competing on the full size Go grid, humanity may ultimately have to acceptdefeat on yet another front.考研词汇：stun[st?n]vt.使晕倒，使惊吓，打晕;n.晕眩，打昏，惊倒dominate[?d?mineit]v.①支配，统治，控制;②占优势[真题例句]The coming of age of the postwar baby boom and an entry of women intothe male dominated (①) job market have limited the opportunities of teenagers whoare already questioning the heavy personal sacrifices involved in climbing Japans rigid social ladder to good schools and jobs.[2000年阅读4][例句精译] 战后婴儿出生高峰期的到来及妇女进入男性为主的就业市场，限制了青少年的发展机遇，这些青少年已经开始质疑在进好学校、找好工作、攀登日本等级森严的社会阶梯的过程中所做出的巨大的个人牺牲是否值得。
2010考研英语历年真题——报刊阅读100篇(7)
[例句精译] 在这面镜子里，我们可以看到力量、弱点、希望、偏见和文化的核心价值。
embrace[im?breis]
v.①拥抱;②包含
[真题例句]In the American economy, the concept of private property embraces (②) not only the ownership of productive resources but also certain rights, including the right to determine the price of a product or to make a free contract with another private individual.[1994年阅读1]
[例句精译] 在美国经济中，私有财产的概念不仅包括生产资料的所有权，也包括一定的权利，比如，产品价格Biblioteka 决定权或与其他私有个体的自由签约权。
exploitation[.ekspl?i'tei??n]
n.开发, 开采, 剥削, 自私的利用, 宣传, 广告
negative [?neg?tiv]
显而易见，在深受人口缩减困扰的国家，如日本、德国和意大利，参加工作的女性比美国的少得多，更不用说瑞典的了。如果这些国家的女性劳动力能增加到美国的水平，那么这些国家的人口出生率将会大大增加。同样，在那些女孩上学机会比男孩少的发展中国家，增加教育的投资将会使国家获得巨大的经济和社会回报。受过教育的女性不仅能增加生产率，而且可以养育教育程度更高、更健康的孩子。更多女性在政府工作也可以推动经济增长：研究发现，女性更愿意把金钱花在改善健康、教育、基础设施和贫穷上面，而不会把大量金钱浪费在坦克和炸弹上。
2010年考研英语真题及答案
2010年考研英语真题及答案一、考研英语真题（阅读理解部分）1.Passage 1文章摘自《纽约时报》(The New York Times)，讲述了人们对于沙特阿拉伯的德里布(Dariba)地区商业开发的反对声浪。
作者主要介绍了沙特人对这个开发计划的局部有效性提出了质疑。
答案：D解析：根据文章内容可以推断出，该地区商业发展项目在解决当地人就业问题以及对年轻人带来激励方面并不有效。
所以答案为D。
2.Passage 2文章介绍了爬行动物的生态类型和生存对策。
通过对几种不同爬行动物的研究和观察，作者总结了它们对环境的适应能力和繁衍生息策略。
答案：C解析：根据文章内容可以得出，某些种类的爬行动物具有在生境发生变化时进行数量调整的能力。
所以答案为C。
3.Passage 3文章介绍了一种新的种植模式，旨在减少对水资源的需求以及提高产量。
作者通过对这种种植模式的实验研究，发现它可以在干旱地区获得较高的产量。
答案：B解析：根据文章内容可以得出，这种新的种植模式通过改变作物的生长方式，减少了对水资源的需求，从而提高了产量。
所以答案为B。
二、答案解析1.Passage 1题目要求解释为什么该地区商业发展项目在解决当地人就业问题方面并不有效。
文章中提到该开发项目只提供了少量工作岗位，远远不够满足就业需求。
所以答案为D。
2.Passage 2题目要求解释某些爬行动物的数量调整能力。
通过文章可以看出，某些爬行动物能够根据其所处环境的变化来调整自身的数量，以适应变化的生境条件。
所以答案为C。
3.Passage 3题目要求解释这种新的种植模式在干旱地区获得高产量的原因。
文章中解释了这种新的种植模式通过改变作物的生长方式，减少了对水资源的需求，从而提高了产量。
所以答案为B。
三、总结本篇文章简要介绍了2010年考研英语阅读理解部分的三篇真题及其答案解析。
通过阅读这些真题及答案解析，可以帮助考生了解考研英语阅读理解题型和解题思路，提高解题能力。
2010考研英语真题来源报刊阅读100篇
2010考研英语真题来源报刊阅读100篇1Thermoelectrics：Every little helpsHERE is a thought: approximately 60% of the energy converted in power generation is wasted. The price of energy is high, both in terms of the actual cost to the consumer and the consequences of the climate change that generating power from fossil fuels causes. If even a small proportion of this wasted heat could be converted to useful power, it would be a good thing.At this week’s meeting of the American Physical Society, in Baltimore, Mercouri Ka natzidis of Michigan State University proposed such a scheme. He advocates attaching thermoelectric devices that convert heat into electricity to chimney stacks and vehicle exhausts, to squeeze more useful energy from power generation.The technology to do so has existed for years. If one end of an electrical conductor is heated while the other is kept cool, a small voltage is created between the two. Placing two dissimilar metals, or other electrically conductive materials, in contact with each other and then heating them also generates a voltage. Such devices, called thermocouples, are nowadays usually made using semiconductors. They are widely used as thermometers. But if they could be made cheaper, or more efficient, or both, they could also be employed to generate power.Dr Kanatzidis is developing new thermoelectric materials designed to be capable of converting up to 20% of the heat that would otherwise be wasted into useful electricity. The challenge lies in finding a substance that conducts electricity well and heat badly. These two properties define what physicists call the “figure of merit” of a thermoelectric substance, which describes the power a device made of that substance could generate. Dr Kanatzidis’s group aims to make materials with higher figures of merit than those attainable with today’s semiconductors.Since the electrical properties of solids depend on their crystal structures, his group is experimenting with new atomic lattices. In particular, they are working on a group of chemicals called chalcogenides. These are compounds of oxygen, sulphur, selenium and tellurium that are thought to be particularly suitable for thermoelectric applications because their structure allows electric currents to flow while blocking thermal currents. They thus have a high figure of merit. Dr Kanatzidis’s group is developing new ways of making these compounds crystallise correctly.But even existing devices could become economically useful as fuel prices rise, Dr Kanatzidis argues. In America, transport accounts for a quarter of the energy used. Fitting small thermoelectric devices to the exhaust pipes of vehicles could squeeze another 10% from the fuel—a saving that would be especially relevant in hybrid petrol/electric devices where the battery is recharged in part by recycling energy that would otherwise be dissipated by energy-draining activities such as braking. Similarly, attaching thermoelectric devices to the flues of power plants could generate more useful power.And thermoelectric devices could be used in other areas. They could work alongside solar cells and solar heating systems. They could also be used in geothermal and nuclear power plants.Dr Kanatzidis argues that wherever heat is generated as part of power generation, thermoelectric devices could help extract more useful energy. Waste not, want not.考研词汇：converted a.更换信仰的, 修改的advocate n.提倡者，鼓吹者；v.提倡，鼓吹［真题例句］One of the first advocates (n.) for a national list was a researcher at Laval University. ［2005年新题型］［例句精译］Laval大学一位研究人员是首先提出创立全国性代理机构的倡导者之一。
2010考研英语：历年真题来源报刊阅读100篇（2）
Tracking your every move Some families in America and elsewhere have started buying child friendly mobile phones outfitted with GPS (Global Positioning System) technology. These phones and their related tracking services allow parents to pinpoint the location of their children with ease. Parents agree to pick up the phone bill in return for the reassurance of knowing where their children are; children are prepared to put up with the snooping if they are allowed to have a phone. Mobile operators in America are now launching tracking services. Under a federal mandate known as E911, they had to upgrade their networks to ensure that anyone dialling the 911 emergency number could be located to within 100 metres. Some operators opted for triangulation technology, which determines the location of the handset by comparing the signals received by different base stations. But Verizon and Sprint chose to adopt the more expensive but more accurate GPS technology instead, and are now looking for ways to make money from it. Verizon calls its service “Chaperone”. For $10 a month, parents can call up the location of their child’s LG Migo handset from their own mobile phones, or from a PC. The child receives a message saying that the handset’s position has been requested, and the parents receive an address, or a marker on a web based ap, giving the child’s location. For an extra $10 per month, they can sign up for Child Zone, a service that, among other things, fires off an alert when a youngster (or, at least, the youngster’s handset) trays outside a specified area. For its part, Sprint has launched a similar service that can also let parents know when a child arrives at a particular location. Another location service is available from Nextel, a mobile operator that was taken over by Sprint in 2005. Nextel opened up some of its systems to enable other firms to build their own software and services on top of its GPS technology. One example is AccuTracking, a small company which offers a tracking service for $6 a month and boasts that it is “ideal for vehicle tracking” or to keep “virtual eyes on kids”. Some customers are also using the service to track their spouses, by hiding phones in their cars.“Mine is hidden under the hood, hot-wired to the battery—it works very well and it is easy to hook up continuous power,” writes one customer on AccuTracking’s message board, who is tracking her husband. Start-ups are working on everything from city-wide games of hide-and-seek to monitoring the locations of Alzheimer’s patients. Services that monitor jogging routes, and work out distance travelled and calories consumed, might also prove popular. As a result, mobile operators, handset-makers and start-ups could transform and expand a small, specialist market hitherto dominated by expensive, dedicated tracking systems. 考研词汇： outfit[ˈautˌfit]n.装备，供给 pinpoint [ˈpinpɔint] n. 精确a.极微⼩的v.查明 reassurance[ˌri:ə'ʃʊərəns] n. 放⼼ snoop[snu:p] vi. 探听, 调查, 偷窃 n.到处窥视, 爱管闲事的⼈, 私家侦探 federal[ˈfedərəl] a.联邦的 [真题例句]A few premiers are suspicious of any federal provincial deal making.[2005年新题型] [例句精译] 有⼏个省的政府官员对这种全国性代理机构持怀疑态度。
2010考研英语真题来源报刊阅读100篇3
2010考研英语真题来源报刊阅读100篇3Treasure on the ocean floorTODAY, deep-ocean mining is done only by the oil and gas industry. Yet the dream of mining the mineral wealth of the deep has never gone away. Now two firms hope to succeed where others have failed.Nautilus Minerals, based in Vancouver, is the more advanced of the pair. It has an exploratory licence from Papua New Guinea and has already begun drilling operations 1,600 metres below sea level off the east coast of the country. Another company, Neptune Minerals, based in London and Sydney, has completed test drilling in the deep waters near New Zealand.Nautilus's deep-water exploration relies on a modified deep-sea remotely operated vehicle (ROV) of the kind normally used in the oil and telecoms industries. It has a manipulator hand containing drilling and cutting tools that allow the robot to retrieve samples of rock from the ocean bed. So far the drilling has only been exploratory, but the prospects look good.The presence of these rich deposits has been known about for years, says Steven Scott, a geologist at the University of Toronto. He has been researching underwater geology since the 1980s, and in the 1990s he co-discovered the deposit that Nautilus is exploring. So why has it taken so long to move towards the commercial exploitation of deep sea massive sulphide deposits? Mr Heydon says it is because the ROV technology has only recently become capable enough. He eventually hopes to use rock-cutting ROVs that will drive across the sea floor, grinding ore as they go and sending it to the surface via a tube at a rate of 400 tonnes per hour. It might also be possible to lift large deposits using compressed air.All of this can be done, Mr Heydon believes, for about half as much as opening a new land based mine. Nautilus has spent about $12m in the past year on exploration, and Dr Scott says one test drilling found deposits 19 metres deep. Unlike manganese nodules, which are like golf balls scattered across the seabed, these deep-ocean deposits occur in small areas around extinct hydrothermal vents. Such concentrated deposits ought to make underwater mining highly efficient.Even if the economics stack up, however, Nautilus and Neptune must overcome concerns over environmental damage. Dr Scott argues that underwater mining will be far less disruptive to the environment than terrestrial mining: there will be no piles of waste rock, since the deposits are directly on the sea floor. And whereas the oil industry lays pipelines underwater, mining would not leave any permanent structures behind. But governments will need to be convinced of the merit of these arguments before mining can begin.考研词汇：terrestriala.陆地的；n.陆地生物remotelyad.遥远地, 偏僻地retrievev.重新得到；n.找回depositv.①存放；②储蓄；③使沉淀；④付（保证金）；n.①存款，保证金；②沉积物［真题例句］More and more of these credit cards can be read automatically, making it possible to withdraw or deposit (v.②) money in scattered locations, whether or not the local branch bank is open.［1994年阅读2］［例句精译］越来越多的信用卡可以自动读取，于是持卡人就可以在不同地方存取，而不管本地支行是否营业。
2010考研英语阅读
2010考研英语阅读2010年考研英语阅读理解真题及答案阅读理解A文章一The concept of man烨身的设计， for instance， is central to the work of architects， yet the design of the human body is the result of millions of years of evolution， not the work of any one person. Similarly， a rose or a sunflower is not the result of a conscious design， and yet their design is perfect and生存ept for their survival and reproduction.This brings me to what I believe is the heart of the issue：the distinction between“is”and“ought，”the difference between the way things are and the way things ought to be. Design implies intention to create something that does not exist. Evolution implies a change from a less perfect to a more perfect state without any conscious intention to improve.In my view， both science and technology are moving inexorably towards a world in which more and more of what happens will be the result of unintended consequences of actions， and less and less the result of human design. The more we learn about the way the world works，the more we understand how small our place is in it. We are left with what I believe is the most important rule in design：know your users. This is not always easy， but it is the only way to create a design that is not only functional but also humane.The lesson we draw from the contrast between natural selection and human design is that we must always put the well-being of others first. This was Darwin's great insight，and it remains as true today as ever.51. The author believes that_____.A. design implies intention to create something perfectB. human design should imitate natural evolutionC. Darwin's theory still holds true in modern societyD. human beings should learn from natural selection52. The author's attitude towards Darwin's theory is_____.A. criticalB. appreciativeC. ambiguousD. skeptical53. The author believes that the most important rule in design is_____.A. simplicityB. functionalityC. humilityD. responsibility54. What does the author mean by saying“The more we learn about the way the world works，the more we understand how small our place is in it”? (para. 3)A. The more we know about the world，the more we admire its wonders.B. The more we know about science，the less we feel superior to nature.C. The more we learn about nature，the less we understand its complexity.D. The more we know about technology，the more we appreciate its limitations.55. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?A. Design can always improve our living conditions.B. Science and technology will eventually replace human design.C. Natural selection has a greater potential for improvement than human design.D. Intentional design often leads to unintended consequences。
2010考研英语历年真题——报刊阅读100篇(8)
Nochi博士进行的基因工程试验包括在大米中培育疫苗。为了证明这一原理可行，他选择霍乱疫苗进行试验，但这也应该同样适用于其他疫苗。应对霍乱，引起免疫系统反应的是被称为霍乱毒素B亚单位的蛋白质。Nochi博士分析出这种蛋白质的基因，并且将其插入大米的染色体组中。他还在邻近B亚单位基因处插入被称为启动子的第二段DNA。就像这段DNA的名字一样，它会激活邻近基因的活性。启动子自身则由其他分子激活，这些启动子能否表达取决于其所在的细胞是否给其必要的刺激。在这个例子中，Nochi博士的启动子就是在大米组织中发挥作用。
a.巨大的，庞大的
[真题例句]Of course, the use of the Internet isnt the only way to defeat poverty.And the Internet is not the only tool we have.But it has enormous potential.[2001年阅ic engineering involved growing the vaccine in rice. To prove the principle, he chose cholera, but it should work with other vaccines as well. With cholera, the immune response is induced by what is known as the cholera toxin B-subunit. This is a protein, and Dr Nochi took the gene that encodes it and inserted that gene into the genome of rice. Next to the B-subunit gene itself, he inserted a second piece of DNA called a promoter. This, as its name suggests, promotes activity in an adjacent gene. Promoters themselves are activated by other molecules, and whether they are switched on or not depends on whether the cell they are in provides the necessary stimulation. In this case Dr Nochi picked a promoter that is active in the tissue of rice grains.
2010考研英语：历年真题来源报刊阅读100篇（10）
College education: The ladder of fame ON AUGUST 18th US News & World Report released its 2007 rankings of America’s top colleges. The survey began in 1983 as a simple straw poll, when the magazine asked 662 college presidents to identify the country’s best places of learning. It has since mutated into an annual ordeal for reputable universities. A strong showing in the rankings spurs student interest and alumni giving; a slip has grave consequences for public relations. University administrators deeply dislike the survey. Many reject the idea that schools can be stacked up against one another in any meaningful way. And the survey’s methodology is suspect. The rankings are still based partly on peer evaluations. They compare rates of alumni giving, which has little to do with the transmission of knowledge. Besides, the magazine’s data are supplied by the schools and uncorroborated. But whether the rankings are fair is beside the point, because they are wildly influential. In the 1983 survey barely half of the presidents approached bothered to respond. Today, only a handful dare abstain. Most, in fact, do more than simply fill out the survey. Competition between colleges for top students is increasing, partly because of the very popularity of rankings. Colin Diver, the president of Reed College in Oregon, considers that “rankings create powerful incentives to manipulate data and distort institutional behaviour.” A school may game the system by soliciting applications from students who stand no chance of admission, or by leaning on alumni to arrange jobs for graduates. Reed is one of the few prominent colleges that dares to disdain to take part in the US News survey. In some ways, the scramble to attract applicants has helped students. Universities such as Duke in North Carolina and Rice in Houston are devoting more money to scholarships. That seems a reasonable response to the challenge of the rankings, as the National Centre for Education Statistics reckons that roughly two-thirds of undergraduates rely on financial aid. Other colleges, though, are trying to drum up excitement by offering perks that would have been unheard of a generation ago. Students at the University of California, Los Angeles now appreciate weekly maid service in the dorms. “The elevators”, enthused a respondent to an online survey, “smell lemon fresh.” Students at Pennsylvania State University enjoy free access to Napster, the music-sharing service. Multi-million dollar gyms have become so common that they are unremarkable. University officials, defending this strategy, often imply that they are only responding to student demand. Discouraging words for those who believe that a college’s job is to educate, not coddle. 考研词汇： spur[spə:] n.①靴刺，马刺;②刺激，刺激物;v.刺激，激励 grave[greiv] n.坟墓;a.严肃的，庄重的 [真题例句]Lots of Americans bought that nonsense, and over three decades, some 10 million smokers went to early graves (n.).[2005年阅读2] [例句精译] 竟然有许多美国⼈买这些谬论的帐，30年来，⼤约有⼀千万烟民早早就进了坟墓。
2010考研英语真题及答案解析
2010考研英语真题及答案解析【篇一：2010年考研英语阅读理解答案试题解析】class=txt>text 1①of all the changes that have taken place in english-language newspapers during the past quarter-century,perhaps the most far-reaching has been the inexorable decline in the scope and seriousness of their arts coverage. 考点分析（the most）本句的意思是过去这些年英语报纸上所发生的最有影响力的变化的可能是艺术评论的在报道范围和严肃性的堕落.①it is difficult to the point of impossibility for the average reader under the age of forty to imagine a time when high-quality arts criticism could be found in most big-city newspapers. ②yet a considerable number of the most significant collections of criticism published in the 20thcentury consisted in large part of newspaper reviews. ③ toread such books today is to marvel at the fact that theirlearned contents were once deemed suitable forpublication in general-circulation dailies.考点分析①to thepoint of 到...地步②转折常考，出21题。
2010考研英语历年真题——报刊阅读100篇(4)
Some of the richest universities may be using another tactic too, although they would be loth to admit it. To understand this, it helps to know that America has three types of university-public ones; private, not-for-profit institutions; and private schools run for profit. Both public and not-for-profit universities often issue tax-exempt debt. This tends to be cheap. They can then invest the money they raise in the higheryielding taxable market but, because of their non-profit status, avoid taxes.
So much for an academic perspective. A growing number of investors saw things differently. Those lovely buildings on rolling campuses, the better universities’ reputations, taxpayers’ backing of state-owned institutions: all this looked to them like a deep pool of assets against which lots of money could be borrowed. The money raised could be used to attract more customers, who are choosy about the product and whose demand varies little with the price (loudly though they may complain).
2010考研英语：历年真题来源报刊阅读100篇（16）
Economics focus:Rate of decline IN AMERICA retail banking is still a local business. Around 95% of the country’s deposit takers are “community” banks, estimates those institutions’ trade body; and more than 90% have assets of less than $1 billion, according to the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC), a regulator. Even Bank of America, which comes closest to having a national network, has branches in only 29 of the 50 states. Nevertheless, banking is much less local than it used to be. Advances in technology have made it far easier to offer banking services regionally or nationally. And deregulation has swept away restrictions that once prevented banks from extending their branch networks across state boundaries (even, in some states, within them). Thanks mainly to a wave of mergers, but also to a spate of bank failures in the late 1980s and early 1990s, the number of banks in America has fallen by half in the past 20 years. Big banks have some obvious advantages over small ones. They can raise money more cheaply than smaller banks, notably in the financial markets, and can therefore offer keener lending rates. Their assets are more diversified and therefore less risky when taken as a group. They may be able to supply a broader range of services for which fees can be charged. That said, the small fry are not helpless when bigger fish swim into their pool. Precisely because of big banks’ easier access to financial markets, they rely less on deposits for their funding. There is evidence that they offer customers meaner deposit rates—and hence make local banks’ life easier in this respect. They also tend to offer all savers the same rate, at least within one state, whereas local banks react more nimbly to local economic conditions. Research also suggests that multi market banks charge higher fees than local banks do. And diseconomies as well as economies of scale can come into play. Frequently, merging banks lose some deposits, as customers disgruntled by a big, impersonal institution take their money elsewhere—sometimes to one of the 100-odd new banks set up in America each year. In a forthcoming paper，Allen Berger, of the Federal Reserve, Astrid Dick, of the New York Fed, the late Lawrence Goldberg, of the University of Miami, and Lawrence White, of New York University’s Stern School of Business, weigh two hypotheses about banking mergers. On the one hand, consolidation may have been born of efficiency, as technological progress improved the profitability of large institutions serving several markets faster than that of small, local banks. On the other, mergers may have been the children of hubris, as chief executives sought scale for its own sake. Efficiency based mergers should have made life harder for small, single market banks; hubris should have helped them. The authors compare the profitability of small banks operating in only one local market in two periods, 1982-1990 and 1991-2000. They find that in the first period, competition from out of town did them more good than harm; their returns on equity were higher if they were up against banks that were big, served many markets or both. In the second period, though, the effect was reversed. In other words, between the 1980s and 1990s bank consolidation became less hubristic and more efficient, to the detriment of small, local banks—thanks, say the authors, largely to developments in technology. It appears that local banks suffered both lost revenues, as the interlopers stole their fees and interest on loans, and also higher costs, as they offered higher deposit rates or spent more on advertising or service to keep hold of their customers. Looking at an alternative measure of local banks’ profitability, the authors suggest that their competitors became sharper at serving several markets, rather than exploiting sheer scale. 考研词汇： extend[ikˈstend] v.延长，延伸 [真题例句] In Australia—where an aging population, life-extending technology and changing community attitudes have all played their part—other states are going to consider making a similar law to deal with euthanasia.[1997年阅读1] [例句精译] 在澳⼤利亚，⼈⼝⽼龄化、延长寿命技术和公众态度的变化都发挥着各⾃的作⽤，其他州也将考虑制定类似的法律来处理安乐死问题。
2010考研英语：历年真题来源报刊阅读100篇（15）
Affluence Happiness (and how to measure it) HAVING grown at an annual rate of 3.2% per head since 2000, the world economy is over half way towards notching up its best decade ever. If it keeps going at this clip, it will beat both the supposedly idyllic 1950s and the 1960s. Market capitalism, the engine that runs most of the world economy, seems to be doing its job well. But is it? Once upon a time, that job was generally agreed to be to make people better off. Nowadays that’s not so clear.A number of economists, in search of big problems to solve, and politicians, looking for bold promises to make, think that it ought to be doing something else: making people happy. The view that economics should be about more than money is widely held in continental Europe. In debates with Anglo-American capitalists, wily bons vivants have tended to cite the idea of “quality of life” to excuse slower economic growth. But now David Cameron, the latest leader of Britain’s once rather materialistic Conservative Party, has espoused the notion of “general well-being” (GWB) as an alternative to the more traditional GDP. In America, meanwhile, inequality, over-work and other hidden costs of prosperity were much discussed in the mid-term elections; and “wellness” (as opposed to health) has become a huge industry, catering especially to the prosperous discontent of the baby-boomers. Much of this draws on the upstart science of happiness, which mixes psychology with economics. Its adherents start with copious survey data, such as those derived from the simple, folksy question put to thousands of Americans every year or two since 1972:“Taken all together, how would you say things are these days—would you say that you are very happy, pretty happy or not too happy?” Some of the results are unsurprising: the rich report being happier than do the poor. But a paradox emerges that requires explanation: affluent countries have not got much happier as they have grown richer. From America to Japan, figures for well-being have barely budged. The science of happiness offers two explanations for the paradox. Capitalism, it notes, is adept at turning luxuries into necessities—bringing to the masses what the elites have always enjoyed. But the flip side of this genius is that people come to take for granted things they once coveted from afar. Frills they never thought they could have become essentials that they cannot do without. People are stuck on a treadmill: as they achieve a better standard of living, they become inured to its pleasures. Capitalism’s ability to take things downmarket also has its limits. Many of the things people most prize—such as the top jobs, the best education, or an exclusive home address—are luxuries by necessity. An elite schooling, for example, ceases to be so if it is provided to everyone. These “positional goods”, as they are called, are in fixed supply: you can enjoy them only if others do not. The amount of money and effort required to grab them depends on how much your rivals are putting in. 考研词汇： cater[[ˈkeitə] vi.备办⾷物，满⾜(需要)，投合 [真题例句] “Instead of intimate shops catering to a knowledgeable elite.” these were stores “anyone could enter, regardless of class or background. This turned shopping into a public and democratic act.”[2006年阅读1] [例句精译] “不像那些个⼈商店那样，只满⾜有学识的精英⼈⼠的需求”，这些商店“不论阶级与背景，任何⼈都能进⼊。
2010年考研英语真题(含答案解析)
2010年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)In 1924 America's National Research Council sent two engineers to supervise a series of industrial experiments at a large telephone-parts factory called the Hawthorne Plant near Chicago. It hoped they would learn how stop-floor lighting大1家workers' productivity. Instead, the studies ended 大2家giving their name to the "Hawthorneeffect", the extremely influential idea that the very 大3家to being experimented upon changed subjects' behavior.The idea arose because of the 大4家behavior of the women in the Hawthorne plant. According to 大5家of the experiments, their hourly output rose when lighting was increased, but also when it was dimmed. It did not 大6家what was done in the experiment; 大7家something was changed, productivity rose. A(n) 大8家that they were being experimented upon seemed to be 大9家to alter workers' behavior 大10家itself.After several decades, the same data were 大11家to econometric the analysis. Hawthorne experiments hasanother surprise store 大12家the descriptions on record, no systematic 大13家was found that levels of productivity were related to changes in lighting.It turns out that peculiar way of conducting the experiments may be have let to 大14家interpretation of whathapped. 大15家, lighting was always changed on a Sunday. When work started again on Monday, output大16家rose compared with the previous Saturday and 17 to rise for the next couple of days. 大18家, a comparison with data for weeks when there was no experimentation showed that output always went up on Monday, workers 大19家to be diligent for the first few days of the week in any case, before 大20家 a plateau and then slackening off. This suggests that the alleged "Hawthorne effect" is hard to pin down.1. [A] affected [B] achieved [C] extracted [D] restored2. [A] at [B] up [C] with [D] off3. [A] truth [B] sight [C] act [D] proof4. [A] controversial [B] perplexing [C] mischievous [D] ambiguous5. [A] requirements [B] explanations [C] accounts [D] assessments6. [A] conclude [B] matter [C] indicate [D] work7. [A] as far as [B] for fear that [C] in case that [D] so long as8. [A] awareness [B] expectation [C] sentiment [D] illusion9. [A] suitable [B] excessive [C] enough [D] abundant10. [A] about [B] for [C] on [D] by11. [A] compared [B] shown [C] subjected [D] conveyed12. [A] contrary to [B] consistent with [C] parallel with [D] peculiar to13. [A] evidence [B] guidance [C] implication [D] source14. [A] disputable [B] enlightening [C] reliable [D] misleading15. [A] In contrast [B] For example [C] In consequence [D] As usual16. [A] duly [B] accidentally [C] unpredictably [D] suddenly17. [A] failed [B] ceased [C] started [D] continued18. [A] Therefore [B] Furthermore [C] However [D] Meanwhile19. [A] attempted [B] tended [C] chose [D]intended20. [A] breaking [B] climbing [C] surpassing [D] hittingSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C] or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1Of all the changes that have taken place in English-language newspapers during the past quarter-century, perhaps the most far-reaching has been the inexorable decline in the scope and seriousness of their arts coverage.It is difficult to the point of impossibility for the average reader under the age of forty to imagine a time when high-quality arts criticism could be found in most big-city newspapers. Yet a considerable number of the most significant collections of criticism published in the 20th century consisted in large part of newspaper reviews. To read such books today is to marvel at the fact that their learned contents were once deemed suitable for publication in general-circulation dailies.We are even farther removed from the unfocused newspaper reviews published in England between the turn of the 20th century and the eve of World War II, at a time when newsprint was dirt-cheap and stylish arts criticism was considered an ornament to the publications in which it appeared. In those far-off days, it was taken for granted that the critics of major papers would write in detail and at length about the events they covered. Theirs was a serious business, and even those reviewers who wore their learning lightly, like George Bernard Shaw and Ernest Newman, could be trusted to know what they were about. These men believed in journalism as a calling, and were proud to be published in the daily press. “So few authors have brains enough or literary gift enough to keep their own end up in journalism,” Newman wrote, “that I am tempted to define ‘journalism’ as ‘a term of contempt applied by writers who are not read to w riters who are.’”Unfortunately, these critics are virtually forgotten. Neville Cardus, who wrote for the Manchester Guardian from 1917 until shortly before his death in 1975, is now known solely as a writer of essays on the game of cricket. During his lif etime, though, he was also one of England’s foremost classical-music critics, a stylist so widely admired that his Autobiography (1947) became a best-seller. He was knighted in 1967, the first music critic to be so honored. Yet only one of his books is now in print, and his vast body of writings on music is unknown save to specialists.Is there any chance that Cardus’s criticism will enjoy a revival? The prospect seems remote. Journalistic tastes had changed long before his death, and postmodern readers have little use for the richly upholstered Vicwardian prose in which he specialized. Moreover, the amateur tradition in music criticism has been in headlong retreat.21. It is indicated in Paragraphs 1 and 2 that[A] arts criticism has disappeared from big-city newspapers.[B] English-language newspapers used to carry more arts reviews.[C] high-quality newspapers retain a large body of readers.[D] young readers doubt the suitability of criticism on dailies.22. Newspaper reviews in England before World War II were characterized by[A] free themes.[B] casual style.[C] elaborate layout.[D] radical viewpoints.23. Which of the following would Shaw and Newman most probably agree on?[A] It is writers' duty to fulfill journalistic goals.[B] It is contemptible for writers to be journalists.[C] Writers are likely to be tempted into journalism.[D] Not all writers are capable of journalistic writing.24. What can be learned about Cardus according to the last two paragraphs?[A] His music criticism may not appeal to readers today.[B] His reputation as a music critic has long been in dispute.[C] His style caters largely to modern specialists.[D] His writings fail to follow the amateur tradition.25. What would be the best title for the text?[A] Newspapers of the Good Old Days[B] The Lost Horizon in Newspapers[C] Mournful Decline of Journalism[D] Prominent Critics in MemoryText 2Over the past decade, thousands of patents have been granted for what are called business methods. received one for its "one-click" online payment system. Merrill Lynch got legal protection for an asset allocation strategy. One inventor patented a technique for lifting a box.Now the nation's top patent court appears completely ready to scale back on business-method patents, which have been controversial ever since they were first authorized 10 years ago. In a move that has intellectual-property lawyers abuzz the U.S. court of Appeals for the federal circuit said it would use a particular case to conduct a broad review of business-method patents. In re Bilski, as the case is known , is "a very big deal", says Dennis D. Crouch of the University of Missouri School of law. It "has the potential to eliminate an entire class of patents." Curbs on business-method claims would be a dramatic about-face, because it was the federal circuit itself that introduced such patents with is 1998 decision in the so-called state Street Bank case, approving a patent on a way of pooling mutual-fund assets. That ruling produced an explosion in business-method patent filings, initially by emerging internet companies trying to stake out exclusive rights to specific types of online transactions. Later, move established companies raced to add such patents to their files, if only as a defensive move against rivals that might beat them to the punch. In 2005, IBM noted in a court filing that it had been issued more than 300 business-method patents despite the fact that it questioned the legal basis for granting them. Similarly, some Wall Street investment films armed themselves with patents for financial products, even as they took positions in court cases opposing the practice.The Bilski case involves a claimed patent on a method for hedging risk in the energy market. The Federal circuit issued an unusual order stating that the case would be heard by all 12 of the court's judges, rather than a typical panel of three, and that one issue it wants to evaluate is whether it should "reconsider" its state street Bank ruling. The Federal Circuit's action comes in the wake of a series of recent decisions by the supreme Court that has narrowed the scope of protections for patent holders. Last April, for example the justices signaled that too manypatents were being upheld for "inventions" that are obvious. The judges on the Federal circuit are "reacting to the anti-patent trend at the Supreme Court", says Harold C. Wegner, a patent attorney and professor at George Washington University Law School.26. Business-method patents have recently aroused concern because of[A] their limited value to business[B] their connection with asset allocation[C] the possible restriction on their granting[D] the controversy over authorization27. Which of the following is true of the Bilski case?[A] Its ruling complies with the court decisions[B] It involves a very big business transaction[C] It has been dismissed by the Federal Circuit[D] It may change the legal practices in the U.S.28. The word "about-face" (Line 1, Para 3) most probably means[A] loss of good will[B] increase of hostility[C] change of attitude[D] enhancement of dignity29. We learn from the last two paragraphs that business-method patents[A] are immune to legal challenges[B] are often unnecessarily issued[C] lower the esteem for patent holders[D] increase the incidence of risks30. Which of the following would be the subject of the text?[A] A looming threat to business-method patents[B] Protection for business-method patent holders[C] A legal case regarding business-method patents[D] A prevailing trend against business-method patentsText 3In his book The Tipping Point, Malcolm Gladwell argues that social epidemics are driven in large part by the acting of a tiny minority of special individuals, often called influentials, who are unusually informed, persuasive, or well-connected. The idea is intuitively compelling, but it doesn't explain how ideas actually spread.The supposed importance of influentials derives from a plausible sounding but largely untested theory called the "two step flow of communication": Information flows from the media to the influentials and from them to everyone else. Marketers have embraced the two-step flow because it suggests that if they can just find and influence the influentials, those selected people will do most of the work for them. The theory also seems to explain the sudden and unexpected popularity of certain looks, brands, or neighborhoods. In many such cases, a cursory search for causes finds that some small group of people was wearing, promoting, or developing whatever it is before anyone else paid attention. Anecdotal evidence of this kind fits nicely with the idea that only certain special people can drive trendsIn their recent work, however, some researchers have come up with the finding that influentials have far less impact on social epidemics than is generally supposed. In fact, they don't seem to be required of all.The researchers' argument stems from a simple observing about social influence, with the exception of a few celebrities like Oprah Winfrey—whose outsize presence is primarily a function of media, not interpersonal, influence—even the most influential members of a population simply don't interact with that many others. Yet it is precisely these non-celebrity influentials who, according to the two-step-flow theory, are supposed to drive social epidemics by influencing their friends and colleagues directly. For a social epidemic to occur, however, each person so affected, must then influence his or her own acquaintances, who must in turn influence theirs, and so on; and just how many others pay attention to each of these people has little to do with the initial influential. If people in the network just two degrees removed from the initial influential prove resistant, for example from the initial influential prove resistant, for example the cascade of change won't propagate very far or affect many people. Building on the basic truth about interpersonal influence, the researchers studied the dynamics of populations manipulating a number of variables relating of populations, manipulating a number of variables relating to people's ability to influence others and their tendency to be influenced. Our work shows that the principal requirement for what we call "global cascades"– the widespread propagation of influence through networks – is the presence not of a few influentials but, rather, of a critical mass of easily influenced people, each of whom adopts, say, a look or a brand after being exposed to a single adopting neighbor. Regardless of how influential an individual is locally, he or she can exert global influence only if this critical mass is available to propagate a chain reaction.31. By citing the book The Tipping Point, the author intends to[A] analyze the consequences of social epidemics[B] discuss influentials' function in spreading ideas[C] exemplify people's intuitive response to social epidemics[D] describe the essential characteristics of influentials.32. The author suggests that the "two-step-flow theory"[A] serves as a solution to marketing problems[B] has helped explain certain prevalent trends[C] has won support from influentials[D] requires solid evidence for its validity33. What the researchers have observed recently shows that[A] the power of influence goes with social interactions[B] interpersonal links can be enhanced through the media[C] influentials have more channels to reach the public[D] most celebrities enjoy wide media attention34. The underlined phrase "these people" in paragraph 4 refers to the ones who[A] stay outside the network of social influence[B] have little contact with the source of influence[C] are influenced and then influence others[D] are influenced by the initial influential35. what is the essential element in the dynamics of social influence?[A] The eagerness to be accepted[B] The impulse to influence others[C] The readiness to be influenced[D] The inclination to rely on othersText 4Bankers have been blaming themselves for their troubles in public. Behind the scenes, they have been taking aim at someone else: the accounting standard-setters. Their rules, moan the banks, have forced them to report enormous losses, and it's just not fair. These rules say they must value some assets at the price a third party would pay, not the price managers and regulators would like them to fetch.Unfortunately, banks' lobbying now seems to be working. The details may be unknowable, but the independence of standard-setters, essential to the proper functioning of capital markets, is being compromised. And, unless banks carry toxic assets at prices that attract buyers, reviving the banking system will be difficult.After a bruising encounter with Congress, America's Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) rushed through rule changes. These gave banks more freedom to use models to value illiquid assets and more flexibility in recognizing losses on long-term assets in their income statement. Bob Herz, the FASB's chairman, cried out against those who "question our motives." Yet bank shares rose and the changes enhance what one lobby group politely calls "the use of judgment by management."European ministers instantly demanded that the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) do likewise. The IASB says it does not want to act without overall planning, but the pressure to fold when it completes it reconstruction of rules later this year is strong. Charlie McCreevy, a European commissioner, warned the IASB that it did "not live in a political vacuum" but "in the real word" and that Europe could yet develop different rules. It was banks that were on the wrong planet, with accounts that vastly overvalued assets. Today they argue that market prices overstate losses, because they largely reflect the temporary illiquidity of markets, not the likely extent of bad debts. The truth will not be known for years. But bank's shares trade below their book value, suggesting that investors are skeptical. And dead markets partly reflect the paralysis of banks which will not sell assets for fear of booking losses, yet are reluctant to buy all those supposed bargains.To get the system working again, losses must be recognized and dealt with. America's new plan to buy up toxic assets will not work unless banks mark assets to levels which buyers find attractive. Successful markets require independent and even combative standard-setters. The FASB and IASB have been exactly that, cleaning up rules on stock options and pensions, for example, against hostility from special interests. But by giving in to critics now they are inviting pressure to make more concessions.36. Bankers complained that they were forced to[A] follow unfavorable asset evaluation rules[B] collect payments from third parties[C] cooperate with the price managers[D] reevaluate some of their assets.37. According to the author , the rule changes of the FASB may result in[A] the diminishing role of management[B] the revival of the banking system[C] the banks' long-term asset losses[D] the weakening of its independence38. According to Paragraph 4, McCreevy objects to the IASB's attempt to[A] keep away from political influences.[B] evade the pressure from their peers.[C] act on their own in rule-setting.[D] take gradual measures in reform.39. The author thinks the banks were "on the wrong planet" in that they[A] misinterpreted market price indicators[B] exaggerated the real value of their assets[C] neglected the likely existence of bad debts.[D] denied booking losses in their sale of assets.40. The author's attitude towards standard-setters is one of[A] satisfaction.[B] skepticism.[C] objectiveness[D] sympathyPart BDirections:For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable paragraphs from the list A-G and fill them into the numbered boxes to form a coherent text. Paragraph E has been correctly placed. There is one paragraph which does not fit in with the text. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1. (10 points)[A] The first and more important is the consumer's growing preference for eating out; the consumption of food and drink in places other than homes has risen from about 32 percent of total consumption in 1995 to 35 percent in 2000 and is expected to approach 38 percent by 2005. This development is boosting wholesale demand from the food service segment by 4 to 5 percent a year across Europe, compared with growth in retail demand of 1 to 2 percent. Meanwhile, as the recession is looming large, people are getting anxious. They tend to keep a tighter hold on their purse and consider eating at home a realistic alternative.[B] Retail sales of food and drink in Europe's largest markets are at a standstill, leaving European grocery retailers hungry for opportunities to grow. Most leading retailers have already tried e-commerce, with limited success, and expansion abroad. But almost all have ignored the big, profitable opportunity in their own backyard: the wholesale food and drink trade, which appears to be just the kind of market retailers need.[C] Will such variations bring about a change in the overall structure of the food and drink market? Definitely not. The functioning of the market is based on flexible trends dominated by potential buyers. In other words, it is up to the buyer, rather than the seller, to decide what to buy .At any rate, this change will ultimately be acclaimed by an ever-growing number of both domestic and international consumers, regardless of how long the current consumer pattern will take hold.[D] All in all, this clearly seems to be a market in which big retailers could profitably apply their scale, existing infrastructure and proven skills in the management of product ranges, logistics, and marketing intelligence. Retailers that master the intricacies of wholesaling in Europe may well expect to rake in substantial profits thereby. At least, that is how it looks as a whole. Closer inspection reveals important differences among the biggest national markets, especially in their customer segments and wholesale structures, as well as the competitive dynamics of individual food and drink categories. Big retailers must understand these differences before they can identify the segments of European wholesaling in which their particular abilities might unseat smaller but entrenched competitors. New skills and unfamiliar business models are needed too.[E] Despite variations in detail, wholesale markets in the countries that have been closely examined—France, Germany, Italy, and Spain—are made out of the same building blocks. Demand comes mainly from two sources: independent mom-and-pop grocery stores which, unlike large retail chains, are two small to buy straight from producers, and food service operators that cater to consumers when they don't eat at home. Such food service operators range from snack machines to large institutional catering ventures, but most of these businesses are known in the trade as "horeca": hotels, restaurants, and cafes. Overall, Europe's wholesale market for food and drink is growing at the same sluggish pace as the retail market, but the figures, when added together, mask two opposing trends.[F] For example, wholesale food and drink sales come to $268 billion in France, Germany, Italy, Spain, and the United Kingdom in 2000—more than 40 percent of retail sales. Moreover, average overall margins are higher in wholesale than in retail; wholesale demand from the food service sector is growing quickly as more Europeans eat out more often; and changes in the competitive dynamics of this fragmented industry are at last making it feasible for wholesalers to consolidate.[G] However, none of these requirements should deter large retailers (and even some large good producers and existing wholesalers) from trying their hand, for those that master the intricacies of wholesaling in Europe stand to reap considerable gains.41→42→43→44→E→45Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written carefully on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)One basic weakness in a conservation system based wholly on economic motives is that most members of the land community have no economic value. Yet these creatures are members of the biotic community and, if its stability depends on its integrity, they are entitled to continuance.When one of these noneconomic categories is threatened and, if we happen to love it .We invert excuses to give it economic importance. At the beginning of century songbirds were supposed to be disappearing. (46) Scientists jumped to the rescue with some distinctly shaky evidence to the effect that insects would eat us up if birds failed to control them. the evidence had to be economic in order to be valid.It is painful to read these round about accounts today. We have no land ethic yet, (47) but we have at least drawn near the point of admitting that birds should continue as a matter of intrinsic right, regardless of the presence or absence of economic advantage to us.A parallel situation exists in respect of predatory mammals and fish-eating birds. (48) Time was when biologists somewhat over worded the evidence that these creatures preserve the health of game by killing the physically weak, or that they prey only on "worthless" species.Some species of tree have been read out of the party by economics-minded foresters because they grow too slowly, or have too low a sale vale to pay as timber crops. (49) In Europe, where forestry is ecologically more advanced, the non-commercial tree species are recognized as members of native forest community, to be preserved as such,within reason.To sum up: a system of conservation based solely on economic self-interest is hopelessly lopsided. (50) It tends to ignore, and thus eventually to eliminate, many elements in the land community that lack commercial value, but that are essential to its healthy functioning. It assumes, falsely, I think, that the economic parts of the biotic clock will function without the uneconomic parts.Section Ⅲ WritingPart A51. Directions:You are supposed to write for the postgraduate association a notice to recruit volunteers for an international conference on globalization, you should conclude the basic qualification of applicant and the other information you think relative.You should write about 100 words. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "postgraduate association" instead.Part B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should1) describe the drawing briefly,2) explain its intended meaning, and then3) give your comments.You should write neatly on ANSHWER SHEET 2. (20 points)2010年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题答案46.科学家们提出一些明显站不住脚的证据迅速来拯救，其大意是：如果鸟类无法控制害虫，那么这些害虫就会吃光我们人类。
2010考研英语：历年真题来源报刊阅读100篇（28）
What do babies know? As Daniel Haworth is settled into a high chair and wheeled behind a black screen, a sudden look of worry furrows his 9-month-old brow. His dark blue eyes dart left and right in search of the familiar reassurance of his mother’s face. She calls his name and makes soothing noises, but Daniel senses something unusual is happening. He sucks his fingers for comfort, but, finding no solace, his mouth crumples, his body stiffens, and he lets rip an almighty shriek of distress. Mom picks him up, reassures him, and two minutes later, a chortling and alert Daniel returns to the darkened booth behind the screen and submits himself to Babylab, a unit set up in 2005 at the University of Manchester in northwest England to investigate how babies think. Watching infants piece life together, seeing their senses, emotions and motor skills take shape, is a source of mystery and endless fascination—at least to parents and developmental psychologists. We can decode their signals of distress or read a million messages into their first smile. But how much do we really know about what’s going on behind those wide, innocent eyes? How much of their understanding of and response to the world comes preloaded at birth? How much is built from scratch by experience? Such are the questions being explored at Babylab. Though the facility is just 18 months old and has tested only 100 infants, it’s already challenging current thinking on what babies know and how they come to know it. Daniel is now engrossed in watching video clips of a red toy train on a circular track. The train disappears into a tunnel and emerges on the other side. A hidden device above the screen is tracking Daniel’s eyes as they follow the train and measuring the diameter of his pupils 50 times a second. As the child gets bored—or “habituated”, as psychologists call the process—his attention level steadily drops. But it picks up a little whenever some novelty is introduced. The train might be green, or it might be blue. And sometimes an impossible thing happens—the train goes into the tunnel one color and comes out another. Variations of experiments like this one, examining infant attention, have been a standard tool of developmental psychology ever since the Swiss pioneer of the field, Jean Piaget, started experimenting on his children in the 1920s. Piaget’s work led him to conclude that infants younger than 9 months have no innate knowledge of how the world works or any sense of “object permanence” (that people and things still exist even when they’re not seen). Instead, babies must gradually construct this knowledge from experience. Piaget’s “constructivist” theories were massively influential on postwar educators and psychologists, but over the past 20 years or so they have been largely set aside by a new generation of “nativist” psychologists and cognitive scientists whose more sophisticated experiments led them to theorize that infants arrive already equipped with some knowledge of the physical world and even rudimentary programming for math and language. Babylab director Sylvain Sirois has been putting these smart-baby theories through a rigorous set of tests. His conclusions so far tend to be more Piagetian: “Babies,” he says, “know squat.” 考研词汇： reassure[ˌri:əˈʃuə] vt.使……安⼼，再保证，使……恢复信⼼，打消……的疑虑 source[sɔ:s] n.①源，源泉;②来源，出处 [真题例句] (73) Over the years, tools and technology themselves as a source (①) of fundamental innovation have largely been ignored by historians and philosophers of science.[1994年翻译] [例句精译] (73)⼯具和技术本⾝作为根本性创新的源泉，多年来在很⼤程度上被历史学家和科学思想家们忽视了。
(2021年整理)2010年考研英语一试卷真题(后附答案详解)(推荐完整)
2010年考研英语一试卷真题(后附答案详解)(推荐完整)编辑整理：尊敬的读者朋友们：这里是精品文档编辑中心，本文档内容是由我和我的同事精心编辑整理后发布的，发布之前我们对文中内容进行仔细校对，但是难免会有疏漏的地方，但是任然希望（2010年考研英语一试卷真题(后附答案详解)(推荐完整)）的内容能够给您的工作和学习带来便利。
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2010年考研英语一试卷真题（后附答案详解）(推荐完整）编辑整理：张嬗雒老师尊敬的读者朋友们：这里是精品文档编辑中心，本文档内容是由我和我的同事精心编辑整理后发布到文库,发布之前我们对文中内容进行仔细校对，但是难免会有疏漏的地方，但是我们任然希望 2010年考研英语一试卷真题（后附答案详解)(推荐完整）这篇文档能够给您的工作和学习带来便利.同时我们也真诚的希望收到您的建议和反馈到下面的留言区，这将是我们进步的源泉，前进的动力。
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2010年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word（s)for each numbered blank and mark［A］，[B]，[C]or[D]on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10 points）In 1924 America's National Research Council sent two engineers to supervise a series of industrial experiments at a large telephone-parts factory called the Hawthorne Plant near Chicago。
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2010考研英语真题来源报刊阅读100篇19Athens: Then & NowImagine you are a citizen of Athens, enjoying a warm Mediterranean night in the Theater of Herodes Atticus. You are wearing jeans and a T-shirt, listening to a great concert.Now rewind this picture 1,839 years. You are in the same seat, only you are watching classical Greek entertainment and wearing a simple chiton, or tunic.The city of Athens is a fun mix of the old and the new, the classic and the modern. Often a little shop is located next to the ruins of a temple, which is only a block from a large, air conditioned hotel. The great city of 2,500 years ago is still visible today.Ruins are the most obvious sign of ancient Athens, and the most famous of these is the Acropolis. The Acropolis is a large hill that was the center of life in Athens. On its Mope s were temples, monuments, and theaters. From the top, Athens’ urban sprawl stretches out in every direction.On the top of the Acropolis is the Parthenon. This was once a huge temple to Athena, the city’s patron. It was first completed in 432 B.C., but ha s been damaged and destroyed several times. However, visitors can still admire the “tricks” used in building the Parthenon. The columns along the outside lean inward, and are slightly fatter in the middle. The temple is also higher in the middle than on the sides. All these effects make the Parthenon look perfectly straight from a distance.Only a block away from the Acropolis is the neighborhood of Plaka. The area, with its little shops and restaurants, is very popular with both tourists and locals, and is an important part of modern Athenian culture.Many great thinkers, writers, and political leaders lived in ancient Athens. The ruins of their homes and favorite spots are scattered throughout the busy port city. The hill where St. Paul addressed early Christian Athenians is located near the Acropolis. Great thinkers such as Perikles and Demosthenes spoke to the civil assemblies held at the Pnyx Hill. Today the Pnyx is an open air theater for light and sound shows.Greeks still use some ancient sites, such as the Pnyx and the Theater of Herodes Atticus. During Roman times, in 76A.D., gladiators used the Panathenaic Stadium for contests.The Olympics were held there in 1896, and today people still jog and exercise in the stadium.Tourism is very important to people who live in modern-day Athens. Thousands of people come every year to see these ruins and to tour the many museums that house artifacts from ancient times. This provides many jobs and brings money into Athens, which helps the city pay for improvements. Athenians take pride in the accomplishments of their ancestors, and people from all around the world come to admire them. By looking around the city today, we can imagine what life was like in ancient Athens.考研词汇：rewindvt.重绕 n. 重绕obviousa.明显的，显著的［真题例句］ That experiences influence (v.) subsequent behaviour is evidence of an obvious but nevertheless remarkable activity called remembering.［1995年阅读5］［例句精译］过去的经历会影响日后的行为，这就表明存在着一种明显但却非凡的脑力活动——记忆。
sprawln.四肢伸开的躺卧姿势, 蔓生v.四肢伸开地坐(或卧), 爬行, 蔓生, 蔓延leanv.①倾斜，屈身；②倚，靠，依赖；a.精干的；瘦削的［真题例句］ Friedman relies on a lean (a.) staff of 20 in Austin.［2003年阅读1］［例句精译］弗莱德曼在奥斯汀市只有20人的精干职员队伍。
assemblyn.①集合，集会，会议；②装配［真题例句］Our factories hum to the rhythm of robot assembly (②) arms.［2002年阅读2］［例句精译］我们的工厂里轰鸣着机械化生产线的节奏。
contestn.竞争，竞赛，比赛；v.竞争，比赛，争论［真题例句］ In 1995 the CIA held a contest (n.) to see who could compile the most data about Burundi.［2003年阅读1］［例句精译］ 1995年中央情报局举办了一个竞赛，看谁能够收集到关于“布隆迪”的最多信息。
［真题例句］ Clearly, only the biggest and most flexible television companies are going to be able to compete in such a rich and hotly-contested (v.) market.［2005年翻译］［例句精译］显然，只有大型化的，应变能力强的电视传媒集团才能够在这个精彩纷呈而又竞争激烈的市场中生存。
背景常识介绍：雅典卫城位于耸立在雅典城市之上的一座岩丘上。
公元前480年雅典遭波斯人攻击，当时雅典的许多建筑被毁坏。
在这之后，雅典人在卫城上建造了一批宏伟的新神庙。
巴台农神庙可能是古希腊神庙中最为精美、最为著名的一座。
它于公元前447年-公元前432年间建造，全部采用白色大理石，外围都是色彩鲜明的浮雕，装饰着神庙的三角墙。
参考译文：雅典：过去与现在想象一下，你是一个雅典公民，上穿T恤衫，下穿牛仔裤，在温暖的地中海夜幕下，坐在希罗德·阿提库剧院欣赏着美妙的音乐会。
现在回溯到1839年。
你坐在同一座位上，你所看的是经典的希腊娱乐节目，穿着简单的宽大长袍或是过膝短袖束腰外衣。
雅典城是新与旧、古典与现代的有趣组合。
那里你在神庙的废墟旁可以发现小商店，而与神庙一个街区之隔就是有空调设施的大酒店。
今天，你仍然可以看到2500年前的伟大古城。
古迹是古代雅典城最明显的标志，其中最著名的是雅典卫城。
卫城坐落在山上，而这座山曾经是雅典的生活中心。
山坡上有一些神庙、纪念碑和剧院。
雅典城区从山顶向四面八方延伸。
坐落在山上最高点的帕提侬神庙，曾经是供奉城市的保护神——雅典娜的巨大神庙。
它建于公元前432年，后来多次遭到毁坏。
今天参观者仍然能够欣赏到她精湛的建筑技巧。
神庙外围的石柱并非直立而是向里倾斜的，石柱中间略粗。
神庙中心建筑比四周的高。
这些建筑效果使帕提侬神庙从远处看起来十分高耸笔直。
距离雅典卫城仅一个街区就是普拉卡区，该区遍布小商店和餐馆，很受游客和当地人的欢迎，也是现代雅典文化的重要组成部分。
许多伟大的思想家、文学家和政治领导人曾在古代希腊生活。