词汇学复习整理

Chapter 1

LEXICOLOGY: Lexicology is the science of words, which is concerned with the study of vocabulary of a given language. It deals with words, the origin, development, history, structure, meaning and application. In short, it is the study of the signification and application of words.

Chapter 2

1.The history of English language

History of English language can be divided into Old English(450AD-1150AD), Middle English (1150AD-1500AD), and Modern English (1500AD-present).

2.Classification of English words

English words can be divided into different groups in terms of the origin, the level of usage and the notion.

By origin

Native words (Anglo-Saxon/ old English)

Loan words (borrowed)

By level of usage: 5 categories

Standard/ popular word/ common words

Literary words

Colloquial words

Slang words

Technical words

By notion

Content words: They have the independent lexical meaning, e.g. noun, verb, adjective, adverb.

Function words: They are determiners, conjunctions, prepositions, auxiliaries, and grammatical signals, functional makers.

Pick up the slang words and explain.

1.Father said nix to our plan, so we couldn’t go to the museum. (nothing, no)

2.When the buck leads, the world suffers. (money, dollars)

3.He says he’ll be a great writer but that’s a lot of boloney; he’ll never be. (nonsense)

4.I’ll clobber you if you don’t do what you’re told, said the angry father. (beat sb.

repeatedly)

5.I think I’m just a hick at heart. (a foolish person from the country)

6.He thought his idea was wonderful, but in fact, it was complete rot. (nonsense)

Chapter 3

Compounding: refers to the faculty and device of language to form new words by combining or putting together old words, e.g. schoolboy.

Derivation: derivation is "Used to form new words, as with happi-ness and un-happy from happy, or determination from determine.

Conversion: the creation of word from an existing word without any change in form, e.g. the adjective clean becomes the verb clean.

Clipping: the formation of a new word by shortening it, e.g. ad from advertisement Acronyms: are abbreviations that are formed using the initial components in a phrase or name. These components may be individual letters (as in CEO) or parts of words (as in Benelux)

Blending: word formed from parts of two or more other words. These parts are sometimes, but not always, morphemes, e.g. smog from smoke and fog.

- The word “prejudice” implies that a judgment is made ___ (before/ after) the facts are studied.

- A subcutaneous (皮下的) inflection is ___ (on/ under) the skin.

- Supersensory impressions are ___ (within/ beyond) the normal limits of the senses.

- The transpolar (跨越南北极的) flight goes ___ (around/ across) the pole.

- A legislature with one chamber is ___ (unicameral/ bicameral).

- A bicameral legislature has ___ (one/ two) chambers.

- An interlinear has the meaning inserted ___ (opposite/ between) the lines.

- Relation between cultural groups are said to be ___ (intercultural/ subcultural).

- A multiplied insect has ___ (many/ two) feet.

- Mark Twain’s The Mysterious Stranger was published posthumously, that is ___ (before/ after) his death.

1. They are going to summer in Guilin.

2. They hurrahed his wonderful performance.

3. You have to round you lips in order to make the sound /u:/.

4. They are great sillies.

5. She dusted the furniture every morning.

- Bicycle

- Sergeant, SARGE

- Gymnasium, GYM

- Kilogram, KILO

- Business, BIZ

- Dormitory, DORM

- Influenza, FLU

- Automobile, AUTO

- Sci-fi

- Smog

- Chinglish

- Medicare

- Email

- Newscast

- Brunch

- telecast, television+broadcast

Chapter 4

Two types of word meaning

Grammatical meaning