图表的表述

常用表述归纳（Useful expressions)
趋势类： 1.上升,增加： go up, ascend, grow ,climb up，increase, rise, show an upward trend 增加了 increase by… 增加到 increase to… 2. 急剧上升,大幅度上升： (1).Jump, shoot up, surge, soar (不加修饰语) (2).go up / ascend / grow / increase / rise / climb up + sharply / rapidly / dramatically / drastically /steeply/ significantly/ substantially
今年的产量是2006年的3倍。 The output of this year is 3 times what it was in 2006.

倍数高级表达法： (1)…是原来的…倍：数字 + -fold (2)…增长或者下降了…倍: 数字-1 + -fold …shows / experiences / witnesses/ undergo a three-fold increase / rise / decrease / reduction 是原来的3倍 / 增加或减少了2倍 例: Between 1971 to 1975, the population was up eightfold. 是原来的8倍,增加了7倍 2. 一半：half，50% adj. Half the apples are bad. n. Half of the apples are bad. adv. My work is not half done yet.

引言段（Introduction)
• • The graph below shows the area of land from which grain was harvested. This line graph above illustrates the total world grain harvested areas in millions of hectares between 1950 and 1996. 同义词转换：show-- illustrate，reveal，depict, demonstrate, compare, give some information about…, 句式转换：the total grain harvested areas 增加细节：in millions of hectares , between 1950 and 1996

(说明图表类型） (同义替换)
proportion of foreign students and local (添加新信息) (同义替换)

students enrolled in Britain’s universities
(关键词词性和位置)

from 1989 to 1999. (添加新信息)

引言段（Introduction)

•

The two pie charts show the proportion of males and females in employment in 6 broad categories. 更换句式结构 • The two pie charts show, in 6 broad categories, the proportion of males and females in employment.

4.比例，百分比： percentage, proportion , ratio , share 成比例 be in ratio 不成比例 be out of ratio , be ill-proportioned 成正比 be in direct ratio 成反比 be in reverse ratio The ratio of A to B is X to Y. The ratio of pupils to teachers is 30 to 1. 学生和老师的比率是30比1.
Type of chart The graph pie chart bar chart table illustration verb shows illustrates presents depicts reveals compare 主题描述 the number of… the proportion of… the information on … some data regarding /on …

3. 小幅度上升： go up / ascend / grow / increase / rise/ climb up + modestly / slightly / marginally / moderately experience a slight growth in… 4. 平稳上升,逐渐上升： go up / ascend / grow / increase / rise + gradually / consistently / steadily / slowly / step by step

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E.g.: The graph below shows the enrollments of overseas students and local students in Britain’s universities. The given bar chart demonstrates the

这张桌子是那张桌子的三倍大。 • This table is 3 times as big as that one. • This table is 3 times bigger than that one. • This table is 3 times the size of that one. • The size of this table is 3 times of that one.

•

As can be seen, immigration of both West Indians and Indians and Pakistanis increased rapidly over a twentyyear period. After 1960, the number of West Indian immigrants decreased sharply whereas the number of Indian and Pakistani immigrants continued to increase.

9.波动,(在…间)起伏不定： fluctuate v. 用法：fluctuate between …and … fluctuate over the period of… fluctuate over these 24 hours fluctuation n. 用法：rise with some fluctuations 10. 保持平稳，平衡，静止不动： level off at, level out at +数字/百分比 hover at , stabilize at, reach a plateau at … remain / stay/ keep stable/ unchanged at…

引言段（Introduction)
• • The two pie charts show the proportion of males and females in employment in 6 broad categories. 更换词语 The two pie charts give the proportion of men and women employed in 6 broad areas.

主体段（Main text)
• • • • • • • • As can be seen, the most striking feature is … As is shown/depicted in the table, the most obvious feature is … From the graph, we can see clearly that… From the chart, it is apparent that… According to the graph, Generally speaking, It is noted that… Overall,…

引言段（Introduction)
• • The graph below shows the area of land from which grain was harvested. This line graph above illustrates the total world grain harvested areas in millions of hectares between 1950 and 1996.

3.大约，估计： about，around, roughly, in the rough, in the neighborhood of, approximately, or thereabout, just over…, just under…, …or so, 例：around / roughly / approximately 20 in the neighborhood of 20 20 or so, 20 in the rough

各种图表的描述重点Hale Waihona Puke Baidu
Line graph： 把握曲线的走向和趋势（specific trend with data) Bar chart： 通过比较找出相同点，通过对比找出不同点 （common features and individual features) Pie chart： 拓展和丰富百分比的认识与表达（“占X%” 25%= a quarter of, 50%= half of,> 50%= a/ the majority of ） Table： 列举数字的能力和方法（typical data)
图表的描述方法
数据类： 1. table 表格图 2. line chart /line graph曲线图(线状图) 3. bar chart 柱状图 4. pie chart 饼状图 非数据类：process diagram，flow chart, block diagram 流程图 描述原则：objectivity（可观性原则）; report carefulness（周密性原则）;comparison accuracy（精确性原则）;explicit

数字类：
1.倍数基础表达法： ①A +is…times +as+ adj.原级+as +B ②A +is…times+ adj.比较级+than +B ③A +is…times+ the size/length/height/width/depth +of + B ④The size/length/height/width/depth… +of+ A+ is…times of +B ⑤The +n.…+is …times+ what从句

主体段（Main text)
• In general, the total harvest area increased until 1980, at which point there was a reduction in the area harvested due to retrenchment.

5.下降,减少： decrease, decline, fall, drop, ( v / n) go down, descend, sink, dip show a downward trend 6. 急剧下降，大幅度下降： (1).plummet, plunge (不加修饰语) (2).下降8个+大幅度7个 7. 小幅度下降： 下降8个+小幅度4个 8. 平稳下降，逐渐下降： 下降8个+平稳5个