EverydayUseforyourgrandmama题
Everyday-Use-for-your-grandmama复习过程
Summary
“Everyday Use” tells the story of a mother and her two daughters’ conflicting ideas about their identities and ancestry. The mother narrates the story of the day one daughter, Dee, visits from the city and clashes with the other daughter, Maggie, over the possession of heirloom
Character Analysis
• Walker’s three cycles of black woman
a. Those “who were cruelly exploited, spirits and bodies mutilated, relegated to the most narrow and confining lives, sometimes driven to madness”
Walker identifies the quilt as one of the traditional art forms of African Amercian women, showing the creativity of the black woman.
b. Name
Dee follows the example of some Amercian blacks in adopting an African name to replace her original family name. She has discarded her given name, Dee, because as she says, “I couldn’t bear it any longer being named after the people who oppress me.” However, she fails to understand that the name Dee also goes back several generations,therefore is more part of her heritage. She introduces herself as “Wangero leewanika Kemanjo”(Wanjiru is a Kikuyu clan name indicating honrary acceptance into the Leopard clan).
高级英语第一册_Unit_4_Everyday_Use_for_Your_Grandmama
Unit 4 Everyday Use for your grandmamaAlice Walker 1.) About the authorAlice Walker (1944- ), poet, novelist and essayist, was born into a poor rural family in Eatonton, Georgia. Her parents made a living by growing cotton. When she went to Sarah Lawren ce College in the early 60’s, the civil rights movement was in full swing. She was actively involved in the movement and upon graduation worked in Mississippi, center of the civil rights activities. After experiencing the political movement and as a case worker for the New York City welfare department, she became a teacher of creative writing and black literature, lecturing at Jackson State College, Tougaloo College, Wellesley, Yale and University of California at Berkeley. Her writing career began with the publication of a volume of poetry in 1968, which was followed by a number of novels, short stories, critical essays and more poetry. Now she is regarded as one of the most prominent writers in American literature and a most forceful representative of wome n’s literature and black literature.Her works include The Thrid Life Grange Copeland (1970), Meridian (1976), a volume of poetry Revolutionary Petunias and Other Poems (1973), a collection of short stories In Love and Trouble: Stories of Black Women (1973) and a recent novel The Temple of My Familiar (1989). Her most significant novel is The Purple, published in 1982, which won all the three major book awards in America –the Pulitzer Prize, the National Book Award and the National Book Critics Circle Award. The novel was an instant bestseller and made into an equally successful movie in 1985, directed by Spielberg and starring Whoopi Goldberg.Alice Walker is at her best when portraying people living in the rural areas where the writer was born and grew up. As a black writer, Walker is particularly interested in examining the relationships among the blacks themselves.2.) “Everyday Use”(1973) is included in the Norton Anthology of Short Fiction, 2nd Edition, 1981. “Everyday Use”, one of the best-written short stories by Alice Walker, describes three women. The mother is a working woman without much education, but not without intelligence or perception. The two daughters form a sharp contrast in every conceivable way: appearance, character, personal experiences, etc. The story reaches its climax at the moment when Dee, the elder daughter, wants the old quilts only to e refused flatly by the mother, who intends to give them to Maggie, the younger one. The old quilts, made from pieces of clothes worn by grand and great grand parents and stitched by Grandma’s hand, are clearly a symbol of the cultural heritage of the black people. Their different feelings about the quilts reveal their different attitudes towards their heritage as blacks.The theme:The main theme in the story concerns the character’s connections to their ancestral roots.Dee Johnson believes that she is affirming her African heritage by changing her name, her mannerisms,and her appearance, even though her family has lived in the U.S. for several generations.The historical present:描述历史事件的现在时，使事件更生动、更真实The historcal present(some times dramatic present) refers to the employment of the present tense when narrating past events. It is used in fiction, for “hot news” (as in headlines), and in everyday conversation, it is partical any common with “verbs of communication” such as tell,write,etc.I will wait for her in the yard that Maggie and I made so clean and wavy yesterday afternoon. A yard like this is more comfortable than most people know. It is not just a yard. It is like an extended living room. When the hard clay is swept clean as a floor and the fine sand around the edges lined with tiny, irregular grooves, anyone can come and sit and look up into the elm tree and wait for the breezes that never come inside the house. 我就在这院子里等候她的到来。
EverydUseforyourgrdmama全文翻译
高级英语第一册lesson4 Everyday Use for your grandmama 全文翻译第四课外婆锝日用家当艾丽斯沃克尔我就在这院子里等候她的到来..我和麦姬昨天下午已将院子打扫得干干净净;地面上还留着清晰的扫帚扫出的波浪形痕迹;这样的院子比一般人想象的要舒服;它不仅仅是一个院子;简直就像一间扩大了的客厅..当院子的泥土地面被打扫得像屋里的地板一样干净;四周边缘的细沙面上布满不规则的细纹时;任何人都可以进来坐一下;一边抬头仰望院中的榆树;一边等着享受从来吹不进屋内的微风..麦姬在她姐姐离去之前将会一直心神不定：她将会神情沮丧地站在角落里;一面为自己的丑陋面孔和胳膊大腿上晒出的累累疤痕而自惭形秽;一面怀着既羡慕又敬畏的心情怯生生地看着她姐姐..她觉得她姐姐真正是生活的主人;想要什么便能得到什么;世界还没有学会对她说半个“不”字..你一定从电视片上看到过“闯出了江山”的儿女突然出乎意料地出现在那跌跌撞撞从后台走出来的父母面前的场面..当然;那场面必定是令人喜悦的：假如电视上的父母和儿女之间相互攻击辱骂;他们该怎么样呢在电视上;母亲和儿女见面总是相互拥抱和微笑..有时父母会痛哭流涕;而那发迹了的孩子就会紧紧地拥抱他们;并隔着桌子伸过头来告诉他们说若没有他们的帮助;她自己就不会有今日的成就..我自己就看过这样的电视节目..有时候我在梦里梦见迪伊和我突然成了这种电视节目的剧中人..我从一辆黑色软座垫大轿车上一下来;立刻被人引进一间宽敞明亮的屋子里..屋里有许多人;其中一个身材高大威武;满面微笑;有点像着名电视节目主持人约翰尼.卡森的美男子迎上来和我握手;并对我说我养了个好女儿..然后;我们来到台前;迪伊热泪盈眶地拥抱着我;还把一朵大大的兰花别在我的衣服上;尽管她曾对我说过兰花是很低级的花..在现实生活中;我是一个大块头、大骨架的妇女;有着干男人活儿的粗糙双手..冬天睡觉时我穿着绒布睡衣;白天身穿套头工作衫..我能像男人一样狠狠地宰猪并收拾干净..我身上的脂肪是我在寒冬也能保暖..我能整天在户外干活儿;敲碎冰块;取水洗衣..我能吃从刚宰杀的猪体内切下来、还冒着热气、而后在明火上烧熟的猪肝..有一年冬天;我用一把大铁锤击倒一头公牛;锤子正大在小牛两眼之间的大脑上..天黑之前;我把牛肉挂起来凉着..不过;这一切当然都没有在电视上出现过..我的女儿希望我的样子是：体重减去一百磅;皮肤像下锅煎之前的大麦面饼那样细腻光泽;头发在炽热耀眼的灯光下闪闪发亮..而且;我还是一个伶牙俐齿的人;说起话来妙语连珠;就连约翰尼.卡森也望尘莫及..可是;这是个错误;我还没醒来之前就知道了..谁听说约翰逊家的人士伶牙俐齿的谁能想象我敢直视一个陌生的白人和他们讲话时;我总是紧张不安;随时准备溜走..我的头总是转到离他们最远的方向..不过;迪伊就不这样..她对任何人都不畏惧..犹豫不决可不是她的本性..“我看上去怎么样啊;妈妈”麦姬的声音传来..她那瘦小的身躯几乎被一件粉红色裙子和大红罩衫全遮住了;人有躲在门背后;身子给门遮去一大半;我好容易才看出她来..“快出屋到院子里来;”我说..你有没有见到过一个跛了腿的动物;比如说一只狗;被一个粗心莽撞的有钱买得起汽车的人压伤后侧着身子向一个愚昧的对它表示关切的人走去时的样子我的麦姬走路时就是那个样子..自从那次大火烧跨房屋之事发生后;她一直是这个样子;下巴贴近胸口;眼盯着地面;走路拖着脚..迪伊生的比麦姬白一些;头发也好看一些;身材也丰满一些..她现在已是一个成年女子了;不过我经常忘记这一事实..那座房屋被火烧毁是多久以前的事十年十二年有时候我似乎还能听见燃烧的火焰发出的呼呼的响声;可以感觉到麦姬用手紧紧抓住我;看到她的头发冒烟;她的衣服烧成黑灰一片片脱落的情景..当时她的眼睛瞪得大大的;亮亮的;反射出闪烁着的火苗..还有迪伊;我远远看见她站在她经常从其中挖树胶的那棵香枫胶树底下;望着屋上最后一块烧成灰黑色的木板朝着烧红了的滚烫的砖砌烟囱方向塌下来时;她脸上呈现出一幅非常专注的神色..你干吗不在那堆废墟上跳个舞我当时像这样问她..她对那所房屋恨得要命..过去我以为她也讨厌麦姬..但是那是在教堂和我筹钱送她到奥古斯塔上学之前的事..那时她常给我们读点什么;读时毫无同情之心;将文字、谎言、别人的习惯以及整个生活强加于我俩..我和麦姬毫无办法;一无所知地困坐在那里;她的声音凌驾于我们之上..她对我们灌输一大堆编造出来的事物以及我们不需要掌握的知识..她严肃地强迫我们听她读书;把我们两人看成傻瓜一样;刚有点似懂非懂的时候又把我们挥之而去..迪伊好打扮..中学毕业时她要一件黄色玻璃纱连衣裙穿着去参加毕业典礼；为了与她用别人送我的一套旧衣服改制的绿色套服配着穿;她又要了一双黑色浅口皮鞋..她要什么东西时总是不顾一切地拼命地要;不达目的不罢休;她可以一连好几分钟不眨眼地死瞪着你..我常常是费了好大的劲才克制住自己没把她抓着使劲摇抖..到十六岁时她的言谈举止开始形成自己的风格;她也知道什么叫时髦..我自己从未受过教育..我上完小学二年级时;学校关门了..别问我为什么：1927年时有色人种不像现在问这么多问题..有时麦姬给我读点东西..她温厚地、结结巴巴地读者;因为她看不清楚..她知道自己不聪明..正如姣好的相貌和金钱一样;机敏也没有光顾她..不久她就要嫁给约翰.托马斯他有一张诚实的面孔和一口像长了苔的牙齿..麦姬结婚后;我将闲坐在家里;也许只对自己唱唱教堂歌曲;尽管我从来唱不好;总是走调;我对于男人活儿倒是更在行..我一向喜欢挤牛奶;直到1949年我的肋部被牛顶伤了为止..母牛生性恬静、动作缓慢;不会伤害人;除非你挤奶时动作不得法..我故意背对这房子..这房子有三个房间;除屋顶是锡皮的外;其他方面都与被烧掉的那所房屋一样..现在再也找不到做木瓦屋顶的了..房子没有真正的窗户;只是侧面墙上挖了几个洞;有点像船上的舷窗;但又不是圆的;也不是方形的..窗格子向外开;用生牛皮悬吊起来..这房子也像那所被烧的房子一样建在一个牧场上..毫无疑问;只要迪伊看见这所房子;她一定又要毁掉它..她曾写信告诉我说;无论我们“选择”何处定居;她都会设法来看我们;但却不会带她的朋友上门..麦姬和我对这话考虑了一会;麦姬突然问我：“妈妈;迪伊什么时候有过朋友的呀”她有过几个朋友的..有的是在洗衣日放学后到处闲荡得穿着粉红衬衣的鬼鬼祟祟的男孩子；有的是从来不笑一笑得神经质的女孩子..他们为她所吸引;并崇拜她的得体的言语、她的漂亮身材以及她那像碱水里的起泡一样的尖酸幽默..她还为他们读书..她在追求吉米的那段日子里便没有时间来管我们的闲事;而是把她的全副挑刺儿的本领全部用在他的身上..可他很快娶了一个很差劲儿的、出身于愚昧而俗气的家庭的城市姑娘..当时她难过得很;冷静不下来..她到这儿来时我要去迎接——但他们已经到了..麦姬拔腿就要往屋里跑去;但我第一眼看见从车上下来的那条腿就知道那是迪伊..她的腿看起来总是那么齐整;好像是上帝亲自为她特意定做的似的..从车子的另一边走下来一个矮胖的男人;他满头的头发都有一英尺长;从下巴颏上垂下来;像一只卷毛的骡子尾巴..我听见麦姬吸气的声音;听起来像是“呃”音;就像你路上突然发像一条蛇尾巴在你脚尖前蠕动时发出的声音..“呃..”接着我便看见了迪伊..这样大热天里;她竟穿着一件拖地长裙..裙子的颜色也花哨的耀眼;大块大块的黄色和橙色;亮得可以反射太阳的光线..我感到我的整个脸颊都被它射出的热浪烫的热烘烘的..耳环也是金的;并且直垂到肩膀上..臂上还带着手镯;当她举起胳臂去抖动腋窝部衣服上的皱褶时;臂上的手镯叮当作响..衣裙长大宽松;迎风飘荡..当她走近时;我觉得挺好看..我听见麦姬又发出“呃”声;这次是为她姐姐的发型而发的..她姐姐的头发向羊毛一样挺得直直的;像黑夜一样乌黑;边上扎着两根长辫子;像两条小蜥蜴;左盘右绕在耳朵后面..“瓦-苏-左-提-诺”她一边说着;一边拖着长裙步态轻盈飘然而至..随着她的一句“阿萨拉马拉吉姆;我母亲和妹妹”那位头发垂至肚脐眼的矮胖男人也笑着走上前来..他作势要拥抱麦姬;但麦姬下的往后退;直到我的椅子背挡住她的退路为止..我感觉到她身子在发抖;抬头一看;只见汗水从她的下巴上直往下滴..“别站起来;”迪伊说道..因为我长的肥胖;站起来颇需费点劲..你瞧;我身子要挪动挪动才站得起来..她转身往汽车方向走回去..我可以透过她穿的凉鞋看到她的白生生的脚后跟..接着他拿起一架“拍立来”照相机瞄过来..她很快蹲下去抢拍了一张又一张的照片;选取的镜头都是我坐在屋前;而麦姬缩成一团躲在我背后..她每拍一张照片总要认认真真地选好镜头把屋子拍进去..当一头奶牛走过来在院子边啃青草时;她立即抢镜头把它和我和麦姬、房子一起拍了一张照片..然后;她将照相机放在汽车的后排座位上;跑过来吻了吻我的前额..与此同时;阿萨拉马拉吉姆正在努力拉着麦姬的手行礼..麦姬的手像鱼一样软弱无力;恐怕也像鱼一样冷冰冰的;尽管她身上正在出汗..而且她还一个劲儿地把手往后缩..看起来阿萨拉马拉吉姆是想同她握手;但又想把握手的动作做的时髦花哨一点..也许是她不晓得正当的握手规矩..不管怎么说;她很快就放弃同麦姬周旋的努力了..“喂;”我开口道..“迪伊..”“不对;妈妈;”她说..“不是‘迪伊’;是‘万杰罗.李万里卡..克曼乔’”“那‘迪伊’呢”我问道..“她已经死了;”万杰罗说..“我无法忍受照那些压迫我的人的名字个我取名..”“你同我一样清楚你的名字是照你迪茜姨妈的名字取得;”我说..迪茜是我的妹妹;她名叫迪伊.. 迪伊出生后我们就叫她“大迪伊”..“但她的名字又是依照谁的名字取得呢”万杰罗追问道..“我猜想是照迪伊外婆的名字取得;”我说..“她的名字又是照谁的名字取得呢”万杰罗逼问道..“她的妈妈;”我说..这是我注意到万杰罗已经开始感到有点厌烦了..“再远的我就记不得了;”我说..其实;我大概可以把我们的家史追溯到南北战争以前..“噢;”阿萨拉马拉吉姆说;“您已经说到哪儿了”我听到麦姬又“呃”了一声..“我还没有呢;”我说;“那是在‘迪茜’来到我们家之前的事;我为什么要追溯到那么远呢”他站在那儿咧着嘴笑;目光朝下;用人们检查A型轿车的眼神打量着我..他还和万杰罗在我的头顶上空频递眼色..“你这名字是怎么念的来着”我问..“您若不愿意;就不必用这个名字来叫我;”万杰罗说“我干吗不叫”我问..“如果你自己喜欢用那个名字;我们就叫那个名字..”“我知道这名字起初听起来有点别扭;”万杰罗说..“我会慢慢习惯的;”我说;“你给我再念一遍吧..”就这样;我们很快就不再提名字发音问题了..阿萨拉马拉吉姆的名字有两倍那么长;三倍那么难念..我试着念了两三次都念错了;于是他就叫我干脆称呼他哈吉姆阿巴波就行了..我本想问他究竟是不是开巴波理发店的;但我觉得他不像是个理发师;所以就没有问.. “你一定属于马路那边的那些养牛部族;”我说..那些人见人打招呼也是说“阿萨拉马拉吉姆”;但他们不同人握手..他们总是忙忙碌碌的：喂牲口;修篱笆;扎帐篷;堆草料;等等..当白人毒死了一些牛以后;那些人便彻夜不眠地端着枪戒备..为了一睹这种情景;我走了一英里半的路程..哈吉姆阿巴波说;“我接受他们的一些观念;但种田和养牛却不是我干的事业..”他们没有告诉我;我也没开口去问;万杰萝迪伊究竟是不是同他结婚了..我们开始坐下吃饭;他马上声明他不吃羽衣甘蓝;猪肉也不干净..万杰萝却是猪肠、玉米面包、蔬菜;什么都吃..吃红薯时她更是谈笑风生..一切都令她高兴;就连我们仍在使用着当初她爸爸因为买不起椅子而做的条凳这种事情也令她感兴趣..“啊;妈妈”她惊叫道..接着转头向着哈吉姆阿巴波..“我以前还从来不知道这些条凳有这么可爱;在上面还摸得出屁股印迹来;”她一边说着;一边将手伸到屁股下面去摸凳子..接着;她叹了一口气;她的手放在迪伊外婆的黄油碟上捏拢了..“对了”她说..“我早知道这儿有些我想问您能不能给我的东西..”她离桌起身;走到角落处;那儿放着一个搅乳器;里面的牛奶已结成了酸奶..她看了看搅乳器;又望了望里面的酸奶..“这个搅乳器的盖子我想要;”她说..“那不是巴迪叔叔用你们原有的一棵树的木头做成的吗”“是的;”我说..“啊哈;”她兴高采烈地说..“我还想要那根搅乳棒..”“那也是巴迪叔叔做的吗”巴波问道..迪伊万杰萝仰头望着我..“那是迪伊姨妈的第一个丈夫做的;”麦姬用低得几乎听不见的声音说..“他的名字叫亨利;但人们总叫他史大西..”“麦姬的脑袋像大象一样;”万杰萝说着哈哈大笑..“我可以将这搅乳器盖子放在凹室餐桌中央做装饰品;”她一边拿一个托盘盖在搅乳器上;一边说道..“至于那根搅乳棒;我也会想出一个艺术化的用途的..”她将搅乳棒包裹起来;把柄还露在外头..我伸手将把柄握了一会儿..不用将眼睛凑近去细看也可以看出搅乳棒把柄上由于长年累月握着搅动而留下的凹陷的握痕..那上面的小槽子很多;你可以分辨出哪儿是拇指压出的印子;哪儿是其他手指压出的印子..搅乳棒的木料取自大迪伊和史大西住过的庭院中长的一棵树;木质呈浅黄色;甚是好看..晚饭后;迪伊万杰萝走到放在我床脚边的衣箱那儿;开始翻找起来..麦姬在厨房里洗碗;故意延挨着不愿早出来..万杰萝忽然从房里抱出两床被子..这两床被子是迪伊外婆用一块块小布片拼起来;然后由迪伊姨妈和我两人在前厅的缝被架上绗缝而成的..其中一床绘的是单星图案;另一床是踏遍群山图案..两床被子上都缝有从迪伊外婆五十多年前穿过的衣服上拆下来的布片;还有杰雷尔爷爷的佩兹利涡旋纹花呢衬衣上拆下来的碎布片;还有一小块褪了色的兰布片;大小只相当于一个小火柴盒;那是从依兹拉曾祖父在南北战争时穿的军服上拆下来的..“妈妈;”万杰萝用莺声燕语般的甜蜜声调问;“我可不可以把这两床被子拿走” 我听到厨房里有什么东西掉落地上的声音;紧接着又听见厨房的门砰地关上的声音.. “你何不拿另外一两床呢”我问道..“这两床还是你外婆去世前用布条拼起来;然后由大迪伊和我两人缝起来的旧被子..”“不;”万杰萝说..“我不要那些被子..那些被子的边线都是机缝的..”“那样还耐用一些;”我说..“这一点并不重要;”万杰萝说..“这两床被子都是用外婆曾穿过的衣服拆成布片;然后由她靠手工一针一线拼缀而成的..想想看吧”她生怕别人会抢去似的牢牢抓住被子;一边用手在上面抚摸..“那上面有些布片;比如那些淡紫色的布片;还是从她妈妈传给她的旧衣服上拆下来的;”我说着便伸手去摸被子..迪伊万杰萝往后退缩;让我摸不着被子..那两床被子已经属于她了..“你看多不简单”她又低声赞叹了一句;一边把被子紧紧抱在怀里..“问题是;”我说;“我已说好等麦姬和约翰托马斯结婚时将那两床被子送给麦姬的..”她像挨了蜂蜇似的惊叫了一声..“麦姬可不懂这两床被子的价值”她说..“她可能会蠢得将它们当成普通被子来使用..”“我也认为她会这样;”我说..“上帝知道这两床被子我留了多久;一直都没有人用它们..我希望她来用”我不想说出迪伊万杰萝上大学时我送给她一床被子的事..她当时对我说那被子老掉牙了;没个样子..“可那两床被子是无价之宝呀”她此时这样说着;样子很是生气——她是很爱生气的..“麦姬将会把它们放在床上每天用;那样的话;五年之后;那两床被子就会变成破烂了;还用不了五年”“破了她会再重新缝;”我说..“麦姬学会了缝被子..”迪伊万杰萝恶狠狠地看着我..“你不懂;关键是这些被子;这两床被子”“那么说;”我真有点茫然不解;便问道;“你要那两床被子作什么呢”“把它们挂起来;”她说道..似乎这就是被子所能派上的唯一的用场..麦姬这时正站在门口;我几乎能听见她的双脚互相摩擦发出的声音..“让她拿去吧;妈妈;”她说着;就像一个已经习惯于从来也得不到什么;或从来没有什么东西属于她一样..“不要那些被子我也能记得迪伊外婆..”我紧紧地盯视着她..她的下嘴唇上沾满了黑草莓汁;这使她看起来有一种迟钝而又羞惭的神色..她能自己缝制被子是迪伊外婆和大迪伊教的..她站在那儿;将一双疤痕累累的手藏在裙褶缝里..她怯生生地望着她姐姐;但并没有对她姐姐生气..这就是麦姬的命运;她知道这就是上帝的安排..我这样看着她时;突然产生了这样一种感觉：似乎头顶上受了什么东西的敲击;其力量白头顶直透脚心..这就像在教堂里受到上帝的神力感动后激动得狂喊乱叫时的那种感觉..于是;我做了一件以前从未做过的事：将麦姬一把搂过来;把她拉进卧房里;然后一把从万杰萝小姐手中夺过被子放到麦姬的大腿上..麦姬就这样坐在我的床上;一副目瞪口呆的样子.. “你拿两床别的被子吧;”我对迪伊说..但她一声不吭就转身出屋．往哈吉姆阿巴波身边走去..“你完全不懂;”当我和麦姬来到汽车旁边时;她说..“我不懂什么”我问道..“你的遗产;”她说..随后;她转向麦姬;吻了吻她;说;“麦姬;你也该努力活出个人样儿来啊..现在我们所处的是新时代..但照你和妈妈现在仍过着的这种生活来看;你是绝对体会不到这一点的..”她戴上一副大太阳镜;把下巴和鼻尖以上的整个面孔全遮住了..麦姬笑起来了;大概看到太阳镜发笑的吧;但这是真正的喜悦的笑;一点没有害怕的意思..目送汽车远去;车轮扬起的灰尘消失后;我叫麦姬给我舀来一碗草莓汁..然后我们娘儿俩便坐下来细细地品味着;直到天时已晚才进屋就寝..。
Everyday use for your grandmama
Appreciation of Everyday Use for Your GrandmamaEveryday use for your grandmama tells us the differential attitudes of three persons in a family to Africa-American heritage. The portrayal of the characters in the novel is very distinct and vivid.The story is told from the perspective of the first person narrator Mrs. Johnson. Though her eyes, we will observe her two daughters in different aspects.Mrs. Johnson is a large, big-boned woman with rough, man-working hands. Her stout body and simple and honest character are typical of the African women, which are unseen heritages. Though she doesn't accept much education, she knows what is good and what is bad. She is characterized as an embodiment of the African women--virtuous, honest, upright, tolerant, ingenuous, that are their traditional characters. In my eyes, the mama is also a far-sighted and nerved woman, who can try her best to collect money for her daughter's education and future in the church. Unimaginably, she is a woman who talks to others always with one foot raised in flight, with her head turned in whichever way is farthest from them.Maggie is“a kind of Cinderella”, who is disfigured, shy and diffident. She is the younger one of the two daughters and in every aspect the absolute counterpart of Dee. Maggie's features symbolize the suffering and tortuous life of the black people. The burn scar is irremovable as if the tragic history of black people rooted deep in their minds and hearts. She understands how to melt, that is to say , she knows how to protect their traditional culture and heritage according to her own ways. Her attitude to two quilts touches her mother so that her mama does an action that she never does—snatches the quilts out of Dee's hands and dumps them into her lap. That must be theauthor's option to the traditional culture–to give the heritage to the right person and right way that is the heritage should be used everyday. Compared with Maggie, Dee is bright, confident, literal and beautiful and has held her life always in the palm of one hand. She cares much about the outer appearance. At 16 she had a style of her own and knew what style was. So her attitude to the appearance is also reflected on the quilt. Her attitude to the traditional culture is superficial and to the family traditional relationship is bland and ignorant. To some degree, she is arrogant, selfish and specious woman. She stands for a group of people who just only pursue the external usage and neglect the internal value. Her mother gives the quilts to her sister not her because of her ignorance to the heritage.The author depicts the characters just want to lead us to think about the theme—the quilt. A quilt is the materialization of the idea of making something useful out of things that are useless or broken. Why the two quilts represents the heritage? Because it is a unifying symbol and in this case it unifies the different generations that are imprinted in it. When they see the quilts, they will recollect their fathers and their history. The craft ofquilt-making could even be considered as a kind of socio-historical connection: it does not only establish a unity among single elements but also across time and space for it, do not consider wherever or whenever the person lives that contributes a piece of cloth to the quilts.After reading this article, the thing I often think is that most of usare another Dees. Many times we just pay attention to superficial and specious things and ignorant our cultural root and the most valuable tradition.。
04-Everyday Use for your grandmama
Everyday Use for Your GrandmamaAlice WalkersI will wait for her in the yard that Maggie and I made so clean and wavy yesterday afternoon. A yard like this is more comfortable than most people know. It is not just a yard. It is like an extended living room. When the hard clay is swept clean as a floor and the fine sand around the edges lined with tiny, irregular grooves, anyone can come and sit and look up into the elm tree and wait for the breezes that never come inside the house.Maggie will be nervous until after her sister goes: she will stand hopelessly in corners, homely and ashamed of the burn scars down her arms and legs, eying her sister with a mixture of envy and awe. She thinks her sister has held life always in the palm of one hand, that "no" is a word the world never learned to say to her.You've no doubt seen those TV shows where the child who has "made it" is confronted, as a surprise, by her own mother and father, tottering in weakly from backstage. (A Pleasant surprise, of course: What would they do if parent and child came on the show only to curse out and insult each other?) On TV mother and child embrace and smile into each other's face. Sometimes the mother and father weep, the child wraps them in her arms and leans across the table to tell how she would not have made it without their help. I have seen these programs.Sometimes I dream a dream in which Dee and I are suddenly brought together on a TV program of this sort. Out of a cark and soft-seated limousine I am ushered into a bright room filled with many people. There I meet a smiling, gray, sporty man like Johnny Carson who shakes my hand and tells me what a fine girl I have. Then we are on the stage and Dee is embracing me with tear s in her eyes. She pins on my dress a large orchid, even though she has told me once that she thinks or chides are tacky flowers.In real life I am a large, big-boned woman with rough, man-working hands. In the winter I wear flannel nightgowns to bed and overalls during the day. I can kill and clean a hog as mercilessly as a man. My fat keeps me hot in zero weather. I can work outside all day, breaking ice to get water for washing; I can eat pork liver cooked over the open tire minutes after it comes steaming from the hog. One winter I knocked a bull calf straight in the brain between the eyes with a sledge hammer and had the meat hung up to chill be-fore nightfall. But of course all this does not show on television. I am the way my daughter would want me to be: a hundred pounds lighter, my skin like an uncooked barley pancake. My hair glistens in the hot bright lights. Johnny Carson has much to do to keep up with my quick and witty tongue.But that is a mistake. I know even before I wake up. Who ever knew a Johnson with a quick tongue? Who can even imagine me looking a strange white man in the eye? It seems to me I have talked to them always with one toot raised in flight, with my head turned in whichever way is farthest from them. Dee, though. She would always look anyone in the eye. Hesitation was no part of her nature."How do I look, Mama?" Maggie says, showing just enough of her thin body enveloped in pink skirt and red blouse for me to know she's there, almost hidden by the door."Come out into the yard," I say.Have you ever seen a lame animal, perhaps a dog run over by some careless person rich enough to own a car, sidle up to someone who is ignorant enough to be kind of him? That is the way my Maggie walks. She has been like this, chin on chest, eyes on ground, feet in shuffle, ever since the fire that burned the other house to the ground.Dee is lighter than Maggie, with nicer hair and a fuller figure. She's a woman now, though sometimes I forget. How long ago was it that the other house burned? Ten, twelve years? Sometimes I can still hear the flames and feel Maggie's arms sticking to me, her hair smoking and her dress falling off her in little black papery flakes. Her eyes seemed stretched open, blazed open by the flames reflect-ed in them. And Dee. I see her standing off under the sweet gum tree she used to dig gum out of; a look at concentration on her face as she watched the last dingy gray board of the house tall in toward the red-hot brick chimney. Why don't you do a dance around the ashes? I'd wanted to ask her. She had hated the house that much.I used to think she hated Maggie, too. But that was before we raised the money, the church and me, to send her to Augusta to school. She used to read to us without pity, forcing words, lies, other folks' habits, whole lives upon us two, sitting trapped and ignorant underneath her voice. She washed us in a river of make-believe, burned us with a lot of knowledge we didn't necessarily need to know. Pressed us to her with the serious way she read, to shove us away at just the moment, like dimwits, we seemed about to understand.Dee wanted nice things. A yellow organdy dress to wear to her graduation from high school; black pumps to match a green suit she'd made from an old suit somebody gave me. She was determined to stare down any disaster in her efforts. Her eyelids would not flicker for minutes at a time. Often I fought off the temptation to shake her. At sixteen she had a style of her own' and knew what style was.I never had an education myself. After second grade the school was closed down. Don't ask me why: in 1927 colored asked fewer questions than they do now. Sometimes Maggie reads to me. She stumbles along good-naturedly but can't see well. She knows she is not bright. Like good looks and money, quickness passed her by. She will marry John Thomas (who has mossy teeth in an earnest face) and then I'll be free to sit here and I guess just sing church songs to myself. Although I never was a good singer. Never could carry a tune. I was always better at a man's job.1 used to love to milk till I was hooked in the side in '49. Cows are soothing and slow and don't bother you, unless you try to milk them the wrong way.I have deliberately turned my back on the house. It is three rooms, just like the one that burned, except the roof is tin: they don't make shingle roofs any more. There are no real windows, just some holes cut in the sides, like the portholes in a ship, but not round and not square, with rawhide holding the shutter s up on the outside. This house is in a pasture, too, like the other one. No doubt when Dee sees it she will want to tear it down. She wrote me once that no matter where we "choose" to live, she will manage to come see us. But she will never bring her friends. Maggie and I thought about this and Maggie asked me, Mama, when did Dee ever have any friends?"She had a few. Furtive boys in pink shirts hanging about on washday after school. Nervous girls who never laughed. Impressed with her they worshiped the well-turned phrase, the cute shape, the scalding humor that erupted like bubbles in lye. She read to them.When she was courting Jimmy T she didn't have much time to pay to us, but turned all her faultfinding power on him. He flew to marry a cheap city girl from a family of ignorant flashypeople. She hardly had time to recompose herself.When she comes I will meet -- but there they are!Maggie attempts to make a dash for the house, in her shuffling way, but I stay her with my hand. "Come back here," I say. And she stops and tries to dig a well in the sand with her toe.It is hard to see them clearly through the strong sun. But even the first glimpse of leg out of the car tells me it is Dee. Her feet were always neat-looking, as it God himself had shaped them with a certain style. From the other side of the car comes a short, stocky man. Hair is all over his head a foot long and hanging from his chin like a kinky mule tail. I hear Maggie suck in her breath. "Uhnnnh," is what it sounds like. Like when you see the wriggling end of a snake just in front of your toot on the road. "Uhnnnh."Dee next. A dress down to the ground, in this hot weather. A dress so loud it hurts my eyes. There are yel-lows and oranges enough to throw back the light of the sun. I feel my whole face warming from the heat waves it throws out. Earrings gold, too, and hanging down to her shoulders. Bracelets dangling and making noises when she moves her arm up to shake the folds of the dress out of her armpits. The dress is loose and flows, and as she walks closer, I like it. I hear Maggie go "Uhnnnh" again. It is her sister's hair. It stands straight up like the wool on a sheep. It is black as night and around the edges are two long pigtails that rope about like small lizards disappearing behind her ears."Wa-su-zo-Tean-o!" she says, coming on in that gliding way the dress makes her move. The short stocky fellow with the hair to his navel is all grinning and he follows up with "Asalamalakim, my mother and sister!" He moves to hug Maggie but she falls back, right up against the back of my chair. I feel her trembling there and when I look up I see the perspiration falling off her chin."Don't get up," says Dee. Since I am stout it takes something of a push. You can see me trying to move a second or two before I make it. She turns, showing white heels through her sandals, and goes back to the car. Out she peeks next with a Polaroid. She stoops down quickly and lines up picture after picture of me sitting there in front of the house with Maggie cowering behind me. She never takes a shot without making sure the house is included. When a cow comes nibbling around the edge of the yard she snaps it and me and Maggie and the house. Then she puts the Polaroid in the back seat of the car, and comes up and kisses me on the forehead.Meanwhile Asalamalakim is going through motions with Maggie's hand. Maggie's hand is as limp as a fish, and probably as cold, despite the sweat, and she keeps trying to pull it back. It looks like Asalamalakim wants to shake hands but wants to do it fancy. Or maybe he don't know how people shake hands. Anyhow, he soon gives up on Maggie."Well," I say. "Dee.""No, Mama," she says. "Not 'Dee', Wangero Leewanika Kemanjo!""What happened to 'Dee'?" I wanted to know."She's dead," Wangero said. "I couldn't bear it any longer, being named after the people who oppress me.""You know as well as me you was named after your aunt Dicle," I said. Dicie is my sister. She named Dee. We called her "Big Dee" after Dee was born."But who was she named after?" asked Wangero."I guess after Grandma Dee," I said."And who was she named after?" asked Wangero."Her mother," I said, and saw Wangero was getting tired. "That's about as far back as I can trace it," I said.Though, in fact, I probably could have carried it back beyond the Civil War through the branches."Well," said Asalamalakim, "there you are.""Uhnnnh," I heard Maggie say."There I was not," I said, before 'Dicie' cropped up in our family, so why should I try to trace it that far back?"He just stood there grinning, looking down on me like somebody inspecting a Model A car. Every once in a while he and Wangero sent eye signals over my head."How do you pronounce this name?" I asked."You don't have to call me by it if you don't want to," said Wangero."Why shouldn't I?" I asked. "If that's what you want us to call you, we'll call you. ""I know it might sound awkward at first," said Wangero."I'll get used to it," I said. "Ream it out again."Well, soon we got the name out of the way. Asalamalakim had a name twice as long and three times as hard. After I tripped over it two or three times he told me to just call him Hakim-a-barber. I wanted to ask him was he a barber, but I didn't really think he was, so I don't ask."You must belong to those beet-cattle peoples down the road," I said. They said "Asalamalakirn" when they met you too, but they didn't Shake hands. Always too busy feeding the cattle, fixing the fences, putting up salt-lick shelters, throwing down hay. When the white folks poisoned some of the herd the men stayed up all night with rifles in their hands. I walked a mile and a half just to see the sight.Hakim-a-barber said, "I accept some of their doctrines, but farming and raising cattle is not my style." (They didn't tell me, and I didn't ask, whether Wangero (Dee) had really gone and married him.)We sat down to eat and right away he said he didn't eat collards and pork was unclean. Wangero, though, went on through the chitlins and corn bread, the greens and every-thing else. She talked a blue streak over the sweet potatoes. Everything delighted her. Even the fact that we still used the benches her daddy made for the table when we couldn't afford to buy chairs."Oh, Mama!" she cried. Then turned to Hakim-a-barber. "I never knew how lovely these benches are. You can feel the rump prints," she said, running her hands underneath her and along the bench. Then she gave a sigh and her hand closed over Grandma Dee's butter dish. "That's it!" she said. "I knew there was something I wanted to ask you if I could have." She jumped up from the table and went over in the corner where the churn stood, the milk in it clabber by now. She looked at the churn and looked at it."This churn top is what I need," she said. "Didn't Uncle Buddy whittle it out of a tree you all used to have?""Yes," I said."Uh huh, " she said happily. "And I want the dasher,too.""Uncle Buddy whittle that, too?" asked the barber.Dee (Wangero) looked up at me."Aunt Dee's first husband whittled the dash," said Maggie so low you almost couldn't hearher. "His name was Henry, but they called him Stash.""Maggie's brain is like an elephants," Wanglero said, laughing. "I can use the churn top as a center piece for the alcove table,”she said, sliding a plate over the churn, "and I'll think of something artistic to do with the dasher."When she finished wrapping the dasher the handle stuck out. I took it for a moment in my hands. You didn't even have to look close to see where hands pushing the dasher up and down to make butter had left a kind of sink in the wood. In fact, there were a lot of small sinks; you could see where thumbs and fingers had sunk into the wood. It was beautiful light yellow wood, from a tree that grew in the yard where Big Dee and Stash had lived.After dinner Dee (Wangero) went to the trunk at the foot of my bed and started rifling through it. Maggie hung back in the kitchen over the dishpan. Out came Wangero with two quilts. They had been pieced by Grandma Dee and then Big Dee and me had hung them on the quilt frames on the front porch and quilted them. One was in the Lone Star pattern. The other was Walk Around the Mountain. In both of them were scraps of dresses Grandma Dee had worn fifty and more years ago. Bit sand pieces of Grandpa Jarrell's Paisley shirts. And one teeny faded blue piece, about the size of a penny matchbox, that was from Great Grandpa Ezra's uniform that he wore in the Civil War."Mama," Wangero said sweet as a bird. "Can I have these old quilts?"I heard something fall in the kitchen, and a minute later the kitchen door slammed."Why don't you take one or two of the others?” 1 asked. "These old things was just done by me and Big Dee from some tops your grandma pieced before she died.""No," said Wangero. "I don't want those. They are stitched around the borders by machine.""That'll make them last better," I said."That's not the point," said Wanglero. "These are all pieces of dresses Grandma used to wear. She did all this stitching by hand. Imagine!" She held the quilts securely in her arms, stroking them."Some of the pieces, like those lavender ones, come from old clothes her mother handed down to her,” I said, movi ng up to touch the quilts. Dee (Wangero) moved back just enough so that I couldn't reach the quilts. They already belonged to her. "Imagine!" she breathed again, clutching them closely to her bosom."The truth is," I said, "I promised to give them quilts to Maggie, for when she marries John Thomas."She gasped like a bee had stung her."Maggie can't appreciate these quilts!" she said. "She'd probably be backward enough to put them to everyday use.""I reckon she would," I said. "God knows I been sav age ‟em for long enough with nobody using 'em. I hope she will! ” I didn't want to bring up how I had offered Dee (Wangero) a quilt when she went away to college. Then she had told me they were old-fashioned, out of style."But they're priceless!" she was saying now, furiously, for she has a temper. "Maggie would put them on the bed and in five years they'd be in rags. Less than that!" "She can always make some more,” I said. "Maggie knows how to quilt. "Dee (Wangero) looked at me with hatred. "You just will not understand. The point is these quilts, these quilts!""Well," I said,, stumped. "What would you do with them?""Hang them," she said. As it that was the only thing you could do with quilts.Maggie by now was standing in the door. I could almost hear the sound her feet made as they scraped over each other."She can have them, Mama,” she said like somebody used to never winning anything, or having anything reserved for her. "I can 'member Grandma Dee without the quilts."I looked at her hard. She had filled her bottom lip with checkerberry snuff and it gave her face a kind of dopey, hangdog look. It was Grandma Dee and Big Dee who taught her how to quilt herself. She stood there with her scarred hands hidden in the folds of her skirt. She looked at her sister with something like fear but she wasn't mad at her. This was Maggie's portion. This was the way she knew God to work.When I looked at her like that something hit me in the top of my head and ran down to the soles of my feet. Just like when I'm in church and the spirit of God touches me and I get happy and shout. I did something I never had done before: hugged Maggie to me, then dragged her on into the room, snatched the quilts out of Miss Wangero's hands and dumped them into Maggie's lap. Maggie just sat there on my bed with her mouth open."Take one or two of the others," I said to Dee.But she turned without a word and went out to Hakim-a-barber."You just don't understand," she said, as Maggie and I came out to the car."What don't I under stand?" I wanted to know."Your heritage," she said. And then she turned to Maggie, kissed her, and said, "You ought to try to make some-thing of yourself, too, Maggie. It's really a new day for us. But from the way you and Mama still live you'd never know it."She put on some sunglasses that hid everything above the tip of her nose and her chin.Maggie smiled; maybe at the sunglasses. But a real mile, not scared. After we watched the car dust settle I asked Maggie to bring me a dip of snuff. And then the two of us sat there just enjoying, until it was time to go in the house and go to bed.NOTES1) Alice Walker: born 1944 in Eatonton, Georgia, America and graduated from Sarah Lawrence College. Her books include The Third Life of Grange Copeland ( 1970 ), Meridian ( 1976 ), The Color Purple(1982), etc.2)"made it": to become a success, to succeed, either in specific endeavor or in general3) Johnny Carson: a man who runs a late night talk show4)hooked: injured by the horn of the cow being milked5) Jimmy T: 'T' is the initial of the surname of the boy Dee was courting.6)"Wa-su-zo-Tean-o!": phonetic rendering of an African dialect salutation7) "Asalamalakim": phonetic rendering of a Muslim greeting8) Polaroid: a camera that produces instant pictures9) the Civil War: the war between the North and the South in the U. S.(1861-1865)10) branches: branches or divisions of a family descending from a common ancestor11) Ream it out again: "Ream" is perhaps an African dialect word meaning: "unfold, display". Hence the phrase may mean "repeat" or "say it once again"12) pork was unclean: Muslims are forbidden by their religion to eat pork because it is consideredto be unclean.13) Chitlins: also chitlings or chitterlings, the small intestines of pigs, used for food, a common dish in Afro-American households14) rump prints: depressions in the benches made by constant sitting15) sink: depressions in the wood of the handle left by the thumbs and fingers-------------------------------------------------------------------------------Background informationThe author wrote quite a number of novels, among them were The Color Purple which won the Pulitzer Prize of Fiction （普利策小说奖）and The American Book Award（美国图书奖）. In 1985, the Color Purple was made into a movie which won great fameDetailed Study of the Text1. wavy: having regular curvesA wavy line has a series of regular curves along it.The wavy lines are meant to represent water.Here in the text the word describes the marks in wavy patterns on the clay ground left by the broom.*image - 1* (此处加一细曲线图)2. groove: a long narrow path or track made in a surface, esp. to guide the movement of sth.A groove is a wide, deep line cut into a surface.The cupboard door slides open along the groove it fits into.3. homely: simple, not grand, (of people, faces, etc.,) not good-looking, uglyIf someone is homely, they are not very attractive to look at; uased in Am.E.4. awe: Awe is the feeling of respect and amazement that you have when you are faced with sth. wonderful, frightening or completely unknown., wonderThe child stared at him in silent awe.5. confront: to face boldly or threateningly, encounterIf a problem, task, or difficulty confronts you, or you are confronted with it, it iss sth. that you cannot avoid and must deal withI was confronted with the task of designing and building the new system.6. totter: to move in an unsteady way from side to side as if about to fall, to walk with weak unsteady stepsThe old lady tottered down the stairs.7. limousine: A limousine is a large and very comfortable car, esp. one with a glass screen between the front and back seats. Limousines are usually driven by a chauffeur [ou]cf:sedan / saloon is a car with seats for four or more people, a fixed roof, and a boot (the space at the back of the car, covered by a lid, in which you carry things such luggage, shopping or tools) that is separate from the seating part of the carconvertible: a car with a soft roof that can be folded down or removedsports car: a low usu. open car with room for only 2 people for traveling with high power and speedcoupe […ku:pei] a car wi th a fixed roof, a sloping back, two doors and seats for four people station wagon (Am E) / estate car (Br.E) a car which has a long body with a door at the back end and space behind the back seats8. gray / grey: used to describe the colour of people‟s hair when it changes from its original colour, usu. as they get old and before it becomes white9. tacky: (Am.E, slang) shabby10. overalls: are a single piece of clothing that combines trousers and a jacket. Your wear overalls over your clothes in order to protect them from dirt, paint, etc. while you are working The breast pocket of his overalls was filled with tools. (工装裤)11. hog:a. a pig, esp. a fat one for eatingb. a male pig that has been castratedc. a dirty personswine: (old & tech) pigboar [o:]: male pig on a farm that is kept for breedingsow [au]: fully grown female pig12. sledge hammer: large, heavy hammer for swinging with both hands, a large heavy hammer with a long handle, used for smashing concrete13. barley: 大麦14. pancake: a thin, flat circle of cooked batter (糊状物) made of milk, flour and eggs. usu. rolled up or folded and eaten hot with a sweet or savory filling inside15. sidle: walk as if ready to turn or go the other wayIf you sidle somewhere, you walk there uncertainly or cautiously, as if you do not want anyone to notice youA man sidled up to me and asked if I wanted a ticket for the match..16. shuffle: slow dragging walkIf you shuffle, you walk without lifting your feet properly off the groundHe slipped on his shoes and shuffled out of the room.If you shuffle, you move your feet about while standing or move your bottom about while sitting, often because you feel uncomfortable or embarrassed.I was shuffling in my seat.cf:totter (n.6), sidle(n. 15), shuffle17. blaze: to burn with a bright flameA wood fire was blazing, but there was no other light in the room.n. the sudden sharp shooting up of a flame, a very bright fireThe fire burned slowly at first, but soon burst into a blaze.18. sweet gum tree: a large North American tree of the witch hazel (榛子) family, with alternate maplelike leaves, spiny (多刺的) fruit balls, and flagrant juice美洲金缕梅, 落叶灌木或小乔木. 原产于北美和亚洲. 其分叉小枝从前用为魔杖, 这寻找地下水, 故俗称魔杖.19. dingy: dirty and fadedA building or place that is dingy is rather dark and depressing and does not seem to have been well looked after,.This is the dingiest street of the town.Clothes, curtains, etc. that are dingy are dirty or faded.20. raise: to collect togetherraise an army / raise enough money for a holidayHis wife raised the money by selling her jewellery.We‟re trying to raise funds to establish a scholarship.21. underneath: (so as to go) under (sth..)The letter was pushed underneath the door.Did you find very much growing underneath the snow?(Here it suggests a repressive and imposing quality in her voice.)22. make-believe: a state of pretending or the things which are pretendedShe lives in a make-believe world / a world of make-believe.Don‟t be afraid of monster - the story‟s only m ake-believe.The little girl made believe she was a princess.23. shove: to push, esp. in a rough or careless wayThere was a lot of pushing and shoving to get on the bus.Help me to shove this furniture aside.If you shove sb. or sth., you push them with a quick, rather, violent movement.He dragged her out to the door and shoved her into the street.24. dimwit: (infml) an ignorant and stupid persondim: faint, not brightwit: intelligence, wisdomat one‟s wit‟s end: at the end of one‟s tether25. organdy: (Br. E organdie) very fine transparent muslin (麦斯林纱, 平纹细布) with a stiff finish (最后一层涂饰), very fine rather stiff cotton material used esp. for women‟s dresses (蝉翼纱, 玻璃纱)26. pump: low shoe that grips the foot chiefly at the toe and the heel27. stare down any disaster in her efforts: face up and defeat any disaster with her efforts stare down: two people looking at each other persistently until one shifts his eye28. flicker: to move backwards and forwards unsteadilyshadows flickered on the wallflickering eyelids29. stumble: to stop and /or make mistakes in speaking or reading aloudto catch the foot on the ground while moving along and start to fallShe stumble at/over the long wordHe stumbled and stopped reading.cf:stammer: to speak or say with pauses and repeated sounds, either habitually or because of excitement, fear, etc.stammererstutter: to speak or say with difficulty in producing sounds, esp. habitually holding back the first consonant.stutterer30. good-naturedly: naturally kind, ready to help, to forgive, not to be angryA person or animal that is good-natured is naturally friendly and does not easily get angry.a good-natured policeman31. mossy:moss: any of several types of a small flat green or yellow flowerless plant that grows in a thick furry mass on wet soil, or on a wet surface32. hook: to catch with or as if with a hookto hook a fish / a rich husbandhooknoseHere: to attack with the horn of the cow。
高级英语课后习题集标准答案
Everyday Use for Your GrandmamaI. Give brief answers to the following questions, using your own words as much as possible:1) In real life what kind of woman is the mother2) What kind of woman would Dee like her mother to be?3) How does the mother act when she meets a strange white man?4) What kind of girl is Maggie?5) Why do you think colored people asked fewer questions in 1927?6) Why does the mother say Dee will never bring her friends to visit them? What does this tell about Dee? Give other instances to prove your point.7) Why did Dee want the quilt so much?8) Why did Maggie want the quilt?9) Why did Dee visit her mother and sister?10) What is the mother’s feeling toward Dee? How is it changed in the course of the story?11) What is implied by the subtitle ‘ for your grandmama’’?II. Paraphrase:1) She thinks her sister has held life always in the palm of one hand2)”no” is a word the world never learned to say to her3) Johnny Carson has much to do to keep up with my quick and witty tongue.4) It seems to me I have talked to them always with one foot raised in flight5) She washed us in a river of make-believe6) Burned us with a lot of knowledge we didn’t necessarily need to know7) Like good looks and money, quickness passed her by.8) A dress to the ground, in this hot weather.9) You can see me trying to move a second or two before I make it.10) Anyhow, he soon gives up on Maggie.11) Though, in fact, I probably could have carried it back beyond the Civil War through the branches.12) Every once in a while he and Wangero sent eye signals over my head.13) Less than that.14) This was the way she knew God to work.III. Translate the following into Chinese:1) In real life I am a large, big-boned woman with rough, man-working hands. In the winter I wear flannel nightgowns to bed and overalls during the day. I can kill and clean a hog as mercilessly as a man. My fat keeps me hot in zero weather. I can work outside all day, breaking ice to get water for washing; I can eat pork liver cooked over the open fire minutes after it comes steaming from the hog. One winter I knocked a bull calf straight in the brain between the eyes with a sledge hammer and had the meat hung up to chill before nightfall. But of course all this does hot show on television. I am the way my daughter would want me to be: a hundred pounds lighter, my skin like an uncooked barley pancake. My hair glistens in the hot bright lights. Johnny Carson has much to do to keep up with my quick and witty tongue.2) But that is a mistake. I know even before I wake up.Who ever knew a Johnson with a quick tongue? Who can even imagine me looking a strange white man in the eye? It seems to me I have talked to them always with one foot raised in flight, withmy head turned in whichever way is farthest from them. Dee, though. She would always look anyone in the eye, Hesitation was no part of her nature.3) I used to think she hated Maggie, too. But that was be-fore we raised the money, the church and me, to send her to Augusta to school. She used to read to us without pity; forcing words, lies, other folks’ habits, whole lives upon us two, sitting trapped and ignorant underneath her voice. She washed us in a river of make-believe, burned us with a lot of knowledge we didn’t necessarily need to know. Pressed us to her with the serious way she read, to shove us away at just the moment, like dimwits, we seemed about to understand.4) I never had an education myself. After second grade the school was closed down. Don’t ask me why: in 1927 colored asked fewer questions than they do now. Sometimes Maggie reads to me. She stumbles along good-naturedly but can’t see well. She knows she is not bright. Like good looks and money, quickness passed her by. She will marry John Thomas (who has mossy teeth in an earnest face) and then I’ll be free to sit here and I guess just sing church songs to myself. Although I never was a good singer. Never could carry a tune. I was always better at a man’s job. I used to l ove to milk till I was hooked in the side in ‘49. Cows are soothing and slow and don’t bother you, unless you try to milk them the wrong way.IV. Replace the following italicized words with more formal words or expressions:1) even though she has told me once that she thinks orchids are tacky flowers.2) like dimwits, w e seem to understand. ( )3) and hanging from his chin like a kinky mule tail ( )4) Impressed with her they worshiped her well-turned phrases5) I heard Maggie go “Uhnnnh” again. ( )6) It looks like Asalamalakim wants to shake hands but want to do it fancy. ( )7) “Well,” said Asalamalakim, “There you are.” ( )8) After I tripped over it two or three times he told me to just call him Hakim-a-barber. ( )9) “You must belong to the beef-cattle people down the road,” I said. ( )10) She talked a blue streak over the sweet potatoes. ( )V. Complete the following elliptical sentences:1) Dee, though.2) Never could carry a tune.3) Like when you see the wriggling end of a snake just in front of your foot on the road.4) Dee, next. A dress down to the ground, in this hot weather.5) Earrings gold, too, and hanging down to her shoulders.6) “No, Mama,” she says. “Not ‘Dee, ‘ Wangero Leewanika Kemanjo!”7) “Why shouldn’t I?” I asked.8)Always too busy: feeding the cattle, fixing the fences,putting up salt-lick shelters, throwing down the hay.9) “Uncle Buddy whittle that, too?” asked the barber.10) “Imagine!” she breathed again, clutching them to her bosom.Ⅵ. The following sentences all contain metaphors or similes. Ex-plain their meaning in plain, non-figurative language.1) I am the way my daughter would want me to be: ... my skin like an uncooked barley pancake.2) It seems to me I have talked to them always with one foot raised in flight.3) Impressed with her they worshiped her well-turned phrases,the cute shape, the scalding humor that erupted like bubbles in lye.4) He flew to marry a cheap city girl from a family of ignorant flashy people.5) And she stops and tries to dig a well in the sand with her toe.6) “Maggie’s brain is like an elephant’s,” Wangero said, laughing.7) You didn’t even have to look close to see where hands pushing the dasher up and down to make butter had left a kind of sink in the wood.8) “Mama, “ Wangero said, sweet as a bird.9) She gasped like a bee had stung her.10) It’s really a new day for us.VII. Explain how the meaning of the sentences is affected when the italicized words are replaced by the words in brackets. Pay attention to the shades of meaning of the words.1) It is like an extended living room. (large)2) She will stand hopelessly in corners, homely and ashamed of the burn scars down her arms and legs. (helplessly, embarrassed by)3) Dee and I are suddenly brought together on a TV program of this sort. (like this one)4) Out of a dark and soft-seated limousine I am ushered into a bright room filled with many people. (car)5) Furtive boys in pink shirts hanging about on washday after school. (sly)6) Bracelets dangling and making noises when she moves her arms up to shake the folds of the dress out of her armpits. (hanging)7) After dinner Dee (Wangero) went to the trunk at the foot of my bed and started rifling through it. (suitcase, searching)8) “Imagine!” she breathed again, clutching them closely to her bosom. (breathed) VIII. The following are rhetorical questions requiring no answers.Turn them into statements without changing the main ideas.1) A pleasant surprise, of course: What would they do if parent and child came on the show only to curse out and insult each other?2) Who ever knew a Johnson with a quick tongue?3) Who can ever imagine me looking a strange white man in the eye?4) Why don’t you do a dance around the ashes?5) “Why don’t you take one or two of the others?” I asked.IX. Choose the appropriate set phrase from the list below for each blank. Make changes where necessary.to put up to bring up to bring togetherto crop up to keep up with to hand downout of style with a style to stick toby hand to hang to hang aboutto hang down to hang back to carry back1) Serious trouble_______ when Martin thought the problem of his college education was solved.2) The soldiers________ barricades of live wire around the whole area.3) The work that Group A is doing is too difficult for me. I’m afraid that I won’t be able to_________ them.4) That matter was_______ at the Committee meeting that very afternoon.5) I’m not sure that John and Mary can be______6) He noticed several furtive and rough-looking guys_______ the bus stop.7) Everyone approved of the project but when we asked for volunteers they all ______8) A colored reproduction of Raphael ____________ on the wall over the fireplace.9) The waterfall was running down from the high cliff so smoothly that it looked like a piece of silver cloth ________from the sky.10) These ceremonies have been __________through the centuries, and remain practically unchanged.11) What surprised me most was the amount of work still done____12) You can put that frock away, for it is already_____13) All the paintings were exquisite. It was obvious that the artist did every one of them______14) Did the letter arrive or through the post?15) I’ve got some glue my fingers.16) The sound of the seagull me to my childhood holidays to the seaside.X. The narrator uses a number of images of animals in describing people or things. Point them out and then put them into Chinese.XI. The narrator says, “I never had an education myself.” What are some of the characteristics of her use of language (such as choice of words, sentence structure and grammar) that suit this background of hers?XII. Translate the following sentences into English, (using the following words or expressions- to look sb. in the eyes, to burn ... to the ground, to match, over, despite, to confront, to recompose, to imagine, to stick to, to trace ... to):1)一场大火把贫民区三百多座房子夷为平地。
Everyday Use for your grandmama张汉熙高英
Everyday Use for your grandmamaAlice WalkerI will wait for her in the yard that Maggie and I made so clean and wavy yester day afternoon. A yard like this is more comfortable than most people know. It is not just a yard. It is like an extended living room. When the hard clay is swept clean as a floor and the fine sand around the edges lined with tiny, irregular grooves, anyone can come and sit and look up into the elm tree and wait for the breezes that never come inside the house. Maggie will be nervous until after her sister goes: she will stand hopelessly in corners, homely and ashamed of the burn scars down her arms and legs, eying her sister with a mixture of envy and awe. She thinks her sister has held life always in the palm of one hand, that "no" is a word the world never learned to say to her.You've no doubt seen those TV shows where the child who has "made it" is confronted, as a surprise, by her own mother and father, tottering in weakly from backstage. (A Pleasant surprise, of course: What would they do if parent and child came on the show only to curse out and insult each other?) On TV mother and child embrace and smile into each other's face. Sometimes the mother and father weep, the child wraps them in her arms and leans across the table to tell how she would not have made it without their help. I have seen these programs.Sometimes I dream a dream in which Dee and I are suddenly brought together on a TV program of this sort. Out of a cark and soft-seated limousine I am ushered into a bright room filled with many people. There I meet a smiling, gray, sporty man like Johnny Carson who shakes my hand and tells me what a fine girl I have. Then we are on the stage and Dee is embracing me with tear s in her eyes. She pins on my dress a large orchid, even though she has told me once that she thinks or chides are tacky flowers.In real life I am a large, big-boned woman with rough,man-working hands. In the winter I wear flannel nightgowns to bed and overalls during the day. I can kill and clean a hog as mercilessly as a man. My fat keeps me hot in zero weather. I can work outside all day, breaking ice to get water for washing; I can eat pork liver cooked over the open tire minutes after it comessteaming from the hog. One winter I knocked a bull calf straight in the brain between the eyes with a sledge hammer and had the meat hung up to chill be-fore nightfall. But of course all this does not show on television. I am the way my daughter would want me to be: a hundred pounds lighter, my skin like an uncooked barley pan-cake. My hair glistens in the hot bright lights. Johnny Car –son has much to do to keep up with my quick and witty tongue.But that is a mistake. I know even before I wake up. Who ever knew a Johnson with a quick tongue? Who can even imagine me looking a strange white man in the eye? It seems to me I have talked to them always with one toot raised in flight, with my head turned in whichever way is farthest from them. Dee, though. She would always look anyone in the eye. Hesitation was no part of her nature."How do I look, Mama?" Maggie says, showing just enough of her thin body enveloped in pink skirt and red blouse for me to know she's there, almost hidden by the door."Come out into the yard," I say.Have you ever seen a lame animal, perhaps a dog run over by some careless person rich enough to own a car, sidle up to someone who is ignorant enough to be kind of him? That is the way my Maggie walks. She has been like this, chin on chest, eyes on ground, feet in shuffle, ever since the fire that burned the other house to the ground.Dee is lighter than Maggie, with nicer hair and a fuller figure. She's a woman now, though sometimes I forget. How long ago was it that the other house burned? Ten, twelve years? Sometimes I can still hear the flames and feel Maggie's arms sticking to me, her hair smoking and her dress falling off her in little black papery flakes. Her eyes seemed stretched open, blazed open by the flames reflect-ed in them. And Dee. I see her standing off under the sweet gum tree she used to dig gum out of; a look at concentration on her face as she watched the last dingy gray board of the house tall in toward the red-hot brick chimney. Why don't you do a dance around the ashes? I'd wanted to ask her. She had hated the house that much.I used to think she hated Maggie, too. But that was before we raised the money, the church and me, to send her to Augusta to school. She used to read to us without pity, forcing words, lies, other folks' habits, whole lives upon us two, sitting trapped and ignorant underneath her voice. She washed us in a river ofmake-believe, burned us with a lot of knowledge we didn't necessarily need to know. Pressed us to her with the serious way she read, to shove us away at just the moment, like dimwits, weseemed about to understand.Dee wanted nice things. A yellow organdy dress to wear to her graduation from high school; black pumps to match a green suit she'd made from an old suit somebody gave me. She was determined to stare down any disaster in her efforts. Her eyelids would not flicker for minutes at a time. Often I fought off the temptation to shake her. At sixteen she had a style of her own' and knew what style was.I never had an education myself. After second grade the school was closed down. Don't ask me why. in 1927 colored asked fewer questions than they do now. Sometimes Maggie reads to me. She stumbles along good-naturedly but can't see well. She knows she is not bright. Like good looks and money, quickness passed her by. She will marry John Thomas (who has mossy teeth in an earnest face) and then I'll be free to sit here and I guess just sing church songs to myself. Although I never was a good singer. Never could carry a tune. I was always better at a man's job. 1 used to love to milk till I was hooked in the side in'49. Cows are soothing and slow and don't bother you, unless you try to milk them the wrong way.I have deliberately turned my back on the house. It is three rooms, just like the one that burned, except the roof is tin: they don't make shingle roofs any more. There are no real windows, just some holes cut in the sides, like the portholes in a ship, but not round and not square, with rawhide holding the shutter s up on the outside. This house is in a pasture, too, like the other one. No doubt when Dee sees it she will want to tear it down. She wrote me once that no matter where we "choose" to live, she will manage to come see us. But she will never bring her friends. Maggie and I thought about this and Maggie asked me, Mama, when did Dee ever have any friends?"She had a few. Furtive boys in pink shirts hanging about on washday after school. Nervous girls who never laughed. Impressed with her they worshiped the well-turned phrase, the cute shape, the scalding humor that erupted like bubbles in lye. She read to them.When she was courting Jimmy T she didn't have much time to pay to us, but turned all her faultfinding power on him. He flew to marry a cheap city girl from a family of ignorant flashy people. She hardly had time to recompose herself.When she comes I will meet -- but there they are!Maggie attempts to make a dash for the house, in her shufflingway, but I stay her with my hand. "Come back here," I say. And she stops and tries to dig a well in the sand with her toe.It is hard to see them clearly through the strong sun. But even the first glimpse of leg out of the car tells me it is Dee. Her feet were always neat-looking, as it God himself had shaped them with a certain style. From the other side of the car comes a short, stocky man. Hair is all over his head a foot long and hanging from his chin like a kinky mule tail. I hear Maggie suck in her breath. "Uhnnnh," is what it sounds like. Like when you see the wriggling end of a snake just in front of your toot on the road. "Uhnnnh."Dee next. A dress down to the ground, in this hot weather. A dress so loud it hurts my eyes. There are yel-lows and oranges enough to throw back the light of the sun. I feel my whole face warming from the heat waves it throws out. Earrings gold, too, and hanging down to her shoulders. Bracelets dangling and making noises when she moves her arm up to shake the folds of the dress out of her armpits. The dress is loose and flows, and as she walks closer, I like it. I hear Maggie go "Uhnnnh" again. It is her sister's hair. It stands straight up like the wool on a sheep. It is black as night and around the edges are two long pigtails that rope about like small lizards disappearing behind her ears."Wa-su-zo-Tean-o!" she says, coming on in that gliding way the dress makes her move. The short stocky fellow with the hair to his navel is all grinning and he follows up with "Asalamalakim, my mother and sister!" He moves to hug Maggie but she falls back, right up against the back of my chair. I feel her trembling there and when I look up I see the perspiration falling off her chin."Don't get up," says Dee. Since I am stout it takes something of a push. You can see me trying to move a second or two before I make it. She turns, showing white heels through her sandals, and goes back to the car. Out she peeks next with a Polaroid. She stoops down quickly and lines up picture after picture of me sitting there in front of the house with Maggie cowering behind me. She never takes a shot without making sure the house is included. When a cow comes nibbling around the edge of the yard she snaps it and me and Maggie and the house. Then she puts the Polaroid in the back seat of the car, and comes up and kisses me on the forehead.Meanwhile Asalamalakim is going through motions with Maggie's hand. Maggie's hand is as limp as a fish, and probably as cold, despite the sweat, and she keeps trying to pull it back. It looks like Asalamalakim wants to shake hands but wants to do it fancy. Or maybe he don't know how people shake hands. Anyhow, he soon gives up on Maggie."Well," I say. "Dee.""No, Mama," she says. "Not 'Dee', Wangero Leewanika Kemanjo!""What happened to 'Dee'?" I wanted to know."She's dead," Wangero said. "I couldn't bear it any longer, being named after the people who oppress me.""You know as well as me you was named after your aunt Dicle," I said. Dicie is my sister. She named Dee. We called her "Big Dee" after Dee was born."But who was she named after?" asked Wangero."I guess after Grandma Dee," I said."And who was she named after?" asked Wangero."Her mother," I said, and saw Wangero was getting tired. "That's about as far back as I can trace it," I said.Though, in fact, I probably could have carried it back beyond the Civil War through the branches."Well," said Asalamalakim, "there you are.""Uhnnnh," I heard Maggie say."There I was not," I said, before 'Dicie' cropped up in our family, so why should I try to trace it that far back?"He just stood there grinning, looking down on me like somebody inspecting a Model A car. Every once in a while he and Wangero sent eye signals over my head."How do you pronounce this name?" I asked."You don't have to call me by it if you don't want to," said Wangero."Why shouldn't I?" I asked. "If that's what you want us to call you, we'll call you. ""I know it might sound awkward at first," said Wangero."I'll get used to it," I said. "Ream it out again."Well, soon we got the name out of the way. Asalamalakim had a name twice as long and three times as hard. After I tripped over it two or three times he told me to just call him Hakim-a-barber. I wanted to ask him was he a barber, but I didn't really think he was, so I don't ask."You must belong to those beet-cattle peoples down the road," I said. They said "Asalamalakirn" when they met you too, but they didn't Shake hands. Always too busy feeding the cattle, fixing the fences, putting up salt-lick shelters, throwing down hay. When the white folks poisoned some of the herd the men stayed up all night with rifles in their hands. I walked a mile and a half just to see the sight.Hakim-a-barber said, "I accept some of their doctrines, but farming and raising cattle is not my style." (They didn't tell me,and I didn't ask, whether Wangero (Dee) had really gone and married him.)We sat down to eat and right away he said he didn't eat collards and pork was unclean. Wangero, though, went on through the chitlins and corn bread, the greens and every-thing else. She talked a blue streak over the sweet potatoes. Everything delighted her. Even the fact that we still used the benches her daddy made for the table when we couldn't afford to buy chairs."Oh, Mama!" she cried. Then turned to Hakim-a-barber. "I never knew how lovely these benches are. You can feel the rump prints," she said, running her hands underneath her and along the bench. Then she gave a sigh and her hand closed over Grandma Dee's butter dish. "That's it!" she said. "I knew there was something I wanted to ask you if I could have." She jumped up from the table and went over in the corner where the churn stood, the milk in it clabber by now. She looked at the churn and looked at it."This churn top is what I need," she said. "Didn't Uncle Buddy whittle it out of a tree you all used to have?""Yes," I said."Uh huh, " she said happily. "And I want the dasher,too.""Uncle Buddy whittle that, too?" asked the barber.Dee (Wangero) looked up at me."Aunt Dee's first husband whittled the dash," said Maggie so low you almost couldn't hear her. "His name was Henry, but they called him Stash.""Maggie's brain is like an elephants," Wanglero said, laughing. "I can use the churn top as a center piece for the alcove table,”s he said, sliding a plate over the churn, "and I'll think of something artistic to do with the dasher."When she finished wrapping the dasher the handle stuck out.I took it for a moment in my hands. You didn't even have to look close to see where hands pushing the dasher up and down to make butter had left a kind of sink in the wood. In fact, there were a lot of small sinks; you could see where thumbs and fingers had sunk into the wood. It was beautiful light yellow wood, from a tree that grew in the yard where Big Dee and Stash had lived.After dinner Dee (Wangero) went to the trunk at the foot of my bed and started rifling through it. Maggie hung back in the kitchen over the dishpan. Out came Wangero with two quilts. They had been pieced by Grandma Dee and then Big Dee and me had hung them on the quilt frames on the front porch and quilted them. One was in the Lone Star pattern. The other was Walk Around the Mountain. In both of them were scraps of dressesGrandma Dee had worn fifty and more years ago. Bit sand pieces of Grandpa Jarrell's Paisley shirts. And one teeny faded blue piece, about the size of a penny matchbox, that was from Great Grandpa Ezra's uniform that he wore in the Civil War."Mama," Wangero said sweet as a bird. "Can I have these old quilts?"I heard something fall in the kitchen, and a minute later the kitchen door slammed."Why don't you take one or two of the others?” 1 asked. "These old things was just done by me and Big Dee from some tops your grandma pieced before she died.""No," said Wangero. "I don't want those. They are stitched around the borders by machine.""That'll make them last better," I said."That's not the point," said Wanglero. "These are all pieces of dresses Grandma used to wear. She did all this stitching by hand. Imagine!" She held the quilts securely in her arms, stroking them."Some of the pieces, like those lavender ones, come from old clothes her mother handed down to her,” I said, moving up to touch the quilts. Dee (Wangero) moved back just enough so that I couldn't reach the quilts. They already belonged to her. "Imagine!" she breathed again, clutching them closely to her bosom."The truth is," I said, "I promised to give them quilts to Maggie, for when she marries John Thomas."She gasped like a bee had stung her."Maggie can't appreciate these quilts!" she said. "She'd probably be backward enough to put them to everyday use.""I reckon she would," I said. "God knows I been savage ’em for long enough with nobody using 'em. I hope she wil l! ” I didn't want to bring up how I had offered Dee (Wangero) a quilt when she went away to college. Then she had told me they wereold-fashioned, out of style."But they're priceless!" she was saying now, furiously, for she has a temper. "Maggie would put them on the bed and in five years they'd be in rags. Less than that!" "She can always make some more,” I said. "Maggie knows how to quilt. "Dee (Wangero) looked at me with hatred. "You just will not understand. The point is these quilts, these quilts!""Well," I said,, stumped. "What would you do with them?""Hang them," she said. As it that was the only thing you could do with quilts.Maggie by now was standing in the door. I could almost hear the sound her feet made as they scraped over each other."She can have them, Mama,” she said like somebody used to never winning anything, or having anything reserved for her. "I can 'member Grandma Dee without the quilts."I looked at her hard. She had filled her bottom lip with checkerberry snuff and it gave her face a kind of dopey, hangdog look. It was Grandma Dee and Big Dee who taught her how to quilt herself. She stood there with her scarred hands hidden in the folds of her skirt. She looked at her sister with something like fear but she wasn't mad at her. This was Maggie's portion. This was the way she knew God to work.When I looked at her like that something hit me in the top of my head and ran down to the soles of my feet. Just like when I'm in church and the spirit of God touches me and I get happy and shout. I did something I never had done before: hugged Maggie to me, then dragged her on into the room, snatched the quilts out of Miss Wangero's hands and dumped them into Maggie's lap. Maggie just sat there on my bed with her mouth open."Take one or two of the others," I said to Dee.But she turned without a word and went out toHakim-a-barber."You just don't understand," she said, as Maggie and I came out to the car."What don't I under stand?" I wanted to know."Your heritage," she said. And then she turned to Maggie, kissed her, and said, "You ought to try to make some-thing of yourself, too, Maggie. It's really a new day for us. But from the way you and Mama still live you'd never know it."She put on some sunglasses that hid everything above the tip of her nose and her chin.Maggie smiled; maybe at the sunglasses. But a real mile, not scared. After we watched the car dust settle I asked Maggie to bring me a dip of snuff. And then the two of us sat there just enjoying, until it was time to go in the house and go to bed.NOTES1) Alice Walker: born 1944 in Eatonton, Georgia, America and graduated from Sarah Lawrence College. Her books include The Third Life of Grange Copeland ( 1970 ), Meridian ( 1976 ), The Color Purple(1982), etc.2)"made it": to become a success, to succeed, either in specific endeavor or in general3) Johnny Carson: a man who runs a late night talk show4)hooked: injured by the horn of the cow being milked5) Jimmy T: 'T' is the initial of the surname of the boy Dee was courting.6)"Wa-su-zo-Tean-o!": phonetic rendering of an African dialect salutation7) "Asalamalakim": phonetic rendering of a Muslim greeting8) Polaroid: a camera that produces instant pictures9) the Civil War: the war between the North and the South in the U. S.(1861-1865)10) branches: branches or divisions of a family descending froma common ancestor11) Ream it out again: "Ream" is perhaps an African dialect word meaning: "unfold, display". Hence the phrase may mean "repeat" or "say it once again"12) pork was unclean: Muslims are forbidden by their religion to eat pork because it is considered to be unclean.13) Chitlins: also chitlings or chitterlings, the small intestines of pigs, used for food, a common dish in Afro-American households 14) rump prints: depressions in the benches made by constant sitting15) sink: depressions in the wood of the handle left by the thumbs and fingers。
高级英语 Everyday Use for Your Grandmama
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Everyday Use for your grandmama Para 47~54
• "Uncle Buddy whittle that, too?" (Elliptical sentence) Did Uncle Buddy whittle that one, too?
• "Maggie's brain is like an elephant's," Maggie has a good memory. e.g. elephants ,never forget (saying 谚) (elephants are noted for their good memories)
Unit 6
Improving Industrial Efficiency through Robotics
Allen Inow
1
Improving Industrial Efficiency through Robotics
Question for discussion: What aspects do you think robots can be used at the modern society?
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Thanks for your attention!
Allen Ina
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Everyday Use for your grandmama Para 47~54
• sink: slight sunken areas • stick out to be noticeable or easily seen 醒目，显眼； to push sth further out than sth else 伸出，突出 e.g. A wisp of gray hair stuck out from under her hat. 一绺灰白头发从她的帽子下露了出来。
Everyday Use for your grandmama 题
课后题及答案Everyday Use for your grandmama I .（1)In real life the mother was a large, big-boned woman with rough, man-working hands.（2)Dee like her mother to have a slender figure and a fair skin, glistening hair and a quick and witty tongue.3)When she meets a strange white man, she always avoids looking him in the eye and is ready to go away.4)Maggie is an innocent, timid and kind-hearted girl.5) Because they were more seriously looked down upon by white men at that time, and they were not as awaken as they are today.6)Because Dee doesn't like her friends to see the poor state her family is in, which she thinks is shameful. This tells us that Dee is somewhat a snob. Another instance to prove this is that she wants nice things.7)Because it was old and stitched by hand instead of by machine. So that she could use them for decoration showing to the people she was associated with.8)Maggie wanted the quilt because she could remember her grandma better, who taught her to do needle work.9)Because she wanted to get some valuable heritages of the family, mainly out of her vanity.10)At first the mother liked Dee because of her beauty, taste, and education. But with the development of the story, her love was transferred to a dislike because of Dee's egotism, which was obviously revealed when she insisted on taking the quilts while her sister Maggie gave up keeping it willingly to satisfy her desire.11)It's implied that the story is written in honor of the grandma mentioned in it and that the ordinary old thing may be something precious for the young.Ⅱ.1)She thinks that her sister has a firm control of her life.2)She could always have anything she wanted, and life was extremely generous to her.3)The popular TV talk show star, Johnny Carson, who is famous for his witty and glib tongue, has to try hard if he wants to catch up with me.4)It seems to me that I have talked to them always ready to leave as quickly as possible.5)She imposed on us lots of falsity.6)imposed on us a lot of knowledge that is totally useless to us7)She is not bright just as she is neither good-looking rich.8)Dee wore a very long dress even on such a hot day.9)You can see me trying to move my body a couple of seconds before I finally manage to push myself up.10)Soon he knows that won't do for Maggie, so he stops trying to shake hands with Maggie.11)As I see Dee is getting tired of this, I don't want to go on either. In fact, I could have traced it far back before the Civil War along the branches of the family tree.12)Now and then he and Dee communicated through eye contact in a secretive way.13)If Maggie put the old quilts on the bed, they would be in rags less than five years.14)She knew this was God's arrangement.Ⅲ. See the translation of the text.IV.1)inelegant2)a stupid person/a simpleton3)tightly curled4)expressed or worded well/felicitous5)say (used to describe dialogue)6)as if shake hands in a fancy and elaborate way7)I knew you couldn't trace it further back8)mispronounced, failed to pronounce it correctly9)people who bred and fatten cattle for meat10)talked much and rapidlyV.1)Dee, however, is not like me.2)I could never carry a tune.3)It was like the reaction you have when you see the wriggling end of a snake just in front of your foot on the road.4)Dee comes out of the car next. She is wearing a dress long enough to touch the ground, in spite of this hot weather.5)Her earrings are gold，too，and they are hanging down to her shoulders．6)"No，Mama，”she says "My name is not Dee now，it has changed into Wangero Leewanika Kemanjo!”7)“Why shouldn't I call you by your new name?'’8)Those people were always too busy：…9)"Did Uncle Buddy whittle that one, too?” aske d the barber．10)“Imagine that she did all the stitching by hand!” she breathed again，clutching them to her bosom．Ⅵ．1)…my complexion had a smooth and creamy texture．2)…uncomfortably and nervously，wanting to get away as soon as possible．3)…the q uick and great humor that would make everybody laugh immediately．4)He wasted no time in marrying a contemptible city girl from a family of ignorant ostentatious and vulgar people．5)…move her feet in great discomfort．6)"Maggie's brain is very slow，”Wangero said, laughing．7)…slightly sunken areas．8)"Mama，”Wangero said in an extremely sweet voice．9)She breathed suddenly in painful surprise．10)For us colored people。
大学高级英语第一册张汉熙版第四课原文加翻译Everyday_Use_for_your_grandmama
Everyday Use for your grandmamaAlice WalkerI will wait for her in the yard that Maggie and I made so clean and wavy yester day afternoon. A yard like this is more comfortable than most people know. It is not just a yard. It is like an extended living room. When the hard clay is swept clean as a floor and the fine sand around the edges lined with tiny, irregular grooves, anyone can come and sit and look up into the elm tree and wait for the breezes that never come inside the house.Maggie will be nervous until after her sister goes: she will stand hopelessly in corners, homely and ashamed of the burn scars down her arms and legs, eying her sister with a mixture of envy and awe. She thinks her sister has held life always in the palm of one hand, that "no" is a word the world never learned to say to her.You've no doubt seen those TV shows where the child who has "made it" is confronted, as a surprise, by her own mother and father, tottering in weakly from backstage. (A Pleasant surprise, of course: What would they do if parent and child came on the show only to curse out and insult each other?) On TV mother and child embrace and smile into each other's face. Sometimes the mother and father weep, the child wraps them in her arms and leans across the table to tell how she would not have made it without their help. I have seen these programs.Sometimes I dream a dream in which Dee and I are suddenly brought together on a TV program of this sort. Out of a cark and soft-seated limousine I am ushered into abright room filled with many people. There I meet a smiling, gray, sporty man like Johnny Carson who shakes my hand and tells me what a fine girl I have. Then we are on the stage and Dee is embracing me with tear s in her eyes. She pins on my dress a large orchid, even though she has told me once that she thinks or chides are tacky flowers.In real life I am a large, big-boned woman with rough, man-working hands. In the winter I wear flannel nightgowns to bed and overalls during the day. I can kill and clean a hog as mercilessly as a man. My fat keeps me hot in zero weather. I can work outside all day, breaking ice to get water for washing; I can eat pork liver cooked over the open tire minutes after it comes steaming from the hog. One winter I knocked a bull calf straight in the brain between the eyes with a sledge hammer and had the meat hung up to chill be-fore nightfall. But of course all this does not show on television. I am the way my daughter would want me to be: a hundred pounds lighter, my skin like an uncooked barley pan-cake. My hair glistens in the hot bright lights. Johnny Car – son has much to do to keep up with my quick and witty tongue.But that is a mistake. I know even before I wake up. Who ever knew a Johnson with a quick tongue? Who can even imagine me looking a strange white man in the eye? It seems to me I have talked to them always with one toot raised in flight, with my head turned in whichever way is farthest from them. Dee, though. She would always look anyone in the eye. Hesitation was no part of her nature."How do I look, Mama?" Maggie says, showing just enough of her thin body enveloped in pink skirt and red blouse for me to know she's there, almost hidden by the door."Come out into the yard," I say.Have you ever seen a lame animal, perhaps a dog run over by some careless person rich enough to own a car, sidle up to someone who is ignorant enough to be kind of him? That is the way my Maggie walks. She has been like this, chin on chest, eyes on ground, feet in shuffle, ever since the fire that burned the other house to the ground.Dee is lighter than Maggie, with nicer hair and a fuller figure. She's a woman now, though sometimes I forget. How long ago was it that the other house burned? Ten, twelve years? Sometimes I can still hear the flames and feel Maggie's arms sticking to me, her hair smoking and her dress falling off her in little black papery flakes. Her eyes seemed stretched open, blazed open by the flames reflect-ed in them. And Dee. I see her standing off under the sweet gum tree she used to dig gum out of; a look at concentration on her face as she watched the last dingy gray board of the house tall in toward the red-hot brick chimney. Why don't you do a dance around the ashes? I'd wanted to ask her. She had hated the house that much.I used to think she hated Maggie, too. But that was before we raised the money, the church and me, to send her to Augusta to school. She used to read to us without pity, forcing words, lies, other folks' habits, whole lives upon us two, sitting trapped and ignorant underneath her voice. She washed us in a river of make-believe, burned us with a lot of knowledge we didn't necessarily need to know. Pressed us to her with the serious way she read, to shove us away at just the moment, like dimwits, we seemed about to understand.Dee wanted nice things. A yellow organdy dress to wear to her graduation fromhigh school; black pumps to match a green suit she'd made from an old suit somebody gave me. She was determined to stare down any disaster in her efforts. Her eyelids would not flicker for minutes at a time. Often I fought off the temptation to shake her. At sixteen she had a style of her own' and knew what style was.I never had an education myself. After second grade the school was closed down. Don't ask me why. in 1927 colored asked fewer questions than they do now. Sometimes Maggie reads to me. She stumbles along good-naturedly but can't see well. She knows she is not bright. Like good looks and money, quickness passed her by. She will marry John Thomas (who has mossy teeth in an earnest face) and then I'll be free to sit here and I guess just sing church songs to myself. Although I never was a good singer. Never could carry a tune. I was always better at a man's job. 1 used to love to milk till I was hooked in the side in '49. Cows are soothing and slow and don't bother you, unless you try to milk them the wrong way.I have deliberately turned my back on the house. It is three rooms, just like the one that burned, except the roof is tin: they don't make shingle roofs any more. There are no real windows, just some holes cut in the sides, like the portholes in a ship, but not round and not square, with rawhide holding the shutter s up on the outside. This house is in a pasture, too, like the other one. No doubt when Dee sees it she will want to tear it down. She wrote me once that no matter where we "choose" to live, she will manage to come see us. But she will never bring her friends. Maggie and I thought about this and Maggie asked me, Mama, when did Dee ever have any friends?"She had a few. Furtive boys in pink shirts hanging about on washday after school.Nervous girls who never laughed. Impressed with her they worshiped the well-turned phrase, the cute shape, the scalding humor that erupted like bubbles in lye. She read to them.When she was courting Jimmy T she didn't have much time to pay to us, but turned all her faultfinding power on him. He flew to marry a cheap city girl from a family of ignorant flashy people. She hardly had time to recompose herself.When she comes I will meet -- but there they are!Maggie attempts to make a dash for the house, in her shuffling way, but I stay her with my hand. "Come back here," I say. And she stops and tries to dig a well in the sand with her toe.It is hard to see them clearly through the strong sun. But even the first glimpse of leg out of the car tells me it is Dee. Her feet were always neat-looking, as it God himself had shaped them with a certain style. From the other side of the car comes a short, stocky man. Hair is all over his head a foot long and hanging from his chin like a kinky mule tail. I hear Maggie suck in her breath. "Uhnnnh," is what it sounds like. Like when you see the wriggling end of a snake just in front of your toot on the road. "Uhnnnh."Dee next. A dress down to the ground, in this hot weather. A dress so loud it hurts my eyes. There are yel-lows and oranges enough to throw back the light of the sun. I feel my whole face warming from the heat waves it throws out. Earrings gold, too, and hanging down to her shoulders. Bracelets dangling and making noises when she moves her arm up to shake the folds of the dress out of her armpits. The dress is loose and flows, and as she walks closer, I like it. I hear Maggie go "Uhnnnh" again. It is her sister'shair. It stands straight up like the wool on a sheep. It is black as night and around the edges are two long pigtails that rope about like small lizards disappearing behind her ears."Wa-su-zo-Tean-o!" she says, coming on in that gliding way the dress makes her move. The short stocky fellow with the hair to his navel is all grinning and he follows up with "Asalamalakim, my mother and sister!" He moves to hug Maggie but she falls back, right up against the back of my chair. I feel her trembling there and when I look up I see the perspiration falling off her chin."Don't get up," says Dee. Since I am stout it takes something of a push. You can see me trying to move a second or two before I make it. She turns, showing white heels through her sandals, and goes back to the car. Out she peeks next with a Polaroid. She stoops down quickly and lines up picture after picture of me sitting there in front of the house with Maggie cowering behind me. She never takes a shot without making sure the house is included. When a cow comes nibbling around the edge of the yard she snaps it and me and Maggie and the house. Then she puts the Polaroid in the back seat of the car, and comes up and kisses me on the forehead.Meanwhile Asalamalakim is going through motions with Maggie's hand. Maggie's hand is as limp as a fish, and probably as cold, despite the sweat, and she keeps trying to pull it back. It looks like Asalamalakim wants to shake hands but wants to do it fancy. Or maybe he don't know how people shake hands. Anyhow, he soon gives up on Maggie."Well," I say. "Dee.""No, Mama," she says. "Not 'Dee', Wangero Leewanika Kemanjo!""What happened to 'Dee'?" I wanted to know."She's dead," Wangero said. "I couldn't bear it any longer, being named after the people who oppress me.""You know as well as me you was named after your aunt Dicle," I said. Dicie is my sister. She named Dee. We called her "Big Dee" after Dee was born."But who was she named after?" asked Wangero."I guess after Grandma Dee," I said."And who was she named after?" asked Wangero."Her mother," I said, and saw Wangero was getting tired. "That's about as far back as I can trace it," I said.Though, in fact, I probably could have carried it back beyond the Civil War through the branches."Well," said Asalamalakim, "there you are.""Uhnnnh," I heard Maggie say."There I was not," I said, before 'Dicie' cropped up in our family, so why should I try to trace it that far back?"He just stood there grinning, looking down on me like somebody inspecting a Model A car. Every once in a while he and Wangero sent eye signals over my head."How do you pronounce this name?" I asked."You don't have to call me by it if you don't want to," said Wangero."Why shouldn't I?" I asked. "If that's what you want us to call you, we'll call you. ""I know it might sound awkward at first," said Wangero."I'll get used to it," I said. "Ream it out again."Well, soon we got the name out of the way. Asalamalakim had a name twice as long and three times as hard. After I tripped over it two or three times he told me to just call him Hakim-a-barber. I wanted to ask him was he a barber, but I didn't really think he was, so I don't ask."You must belong to those beet-cattle peoples down the road," I said. They said "Asalamalakirn" when they met you too, but they didn't Shake hands. Always too busy feeding the cattle, fixing the fences, putting up salt-lick shelters, throwing down hay. When the white folks poisoned some of the herd the men stayed up all night with rifles in their hands. I walked a mile and a half just to see the sight.Hakim-a-barber said, "I accept some of their doctrines, but farming and raising cattle is not my style." (They didn't tell me, and I didn't ask, whether Wangero (Dee) had really gone and married him.)We sat down to eat and right away he said he didn't eat collards and pork was unclean. Wangero, though, went on through the chitlins and corn bread, the greens and every-thing else. She talked a blue streak over the sweet potatoes. Everything delighted her. Even the fact that we still used the benches her daddy made for the table when we couldn't afford to buy chairs."Oh, Mama!" she cried. Then turned to Hakim-a-barber. "I never knew how lovely these benches are. You can feel the rump prints," she said, running her hands underneath her and along the bench. Then she gave a sigh and her hand closed overGrandma Dee's butter dish. "That's it!" she said. "I knew there was something I wanted to ask you if I could have." She jumped up from the table and went over in the corner where the churn stood, the milk in it clabber by now. She looked at the churn and looked at it."This churn top is what I need," she said. "Didn't Uncle Buddy whittle it out of a tree you all used to have?""Yes," I said."Uh huh, " she said happily. "And I want the dasher,too.""Uncle Buddy whittle that, too?" asked the barber.Dee (Wangero) looked up at me."Aunt Dee's first husband whittled the dash," said Maggie so low you almost couldn't hear her. "His name was Henry, but they called him Stash.""Maggie's brain is like an elephants," Wanglero said, laughing. "I can use the churn top as a center piece for the alcove table,”she said, sliding a plate over the churn, "and I'll think of something artistic to do with the dasher."When she finished wrapping the dasher the handle stuck out. I took it for a moment in my hands. You didn't even have to look close to see where hands pushing the dasher up and down to make butter had left a kind of sink in the wood. In fact, there were a lot of small sinks; you could see where thumbs and fingers had sunk into the wood. It was beautiful light yellow wood, from a tree that grew in the yard where Big Dee and Stash had lived.After dinner Dee (Wangero) went to the trunk at the foot of my bed and startedrifling through it. Maggie hung back in the kitchen over the dishpan. Out came Wangero with two quilts. They had been pieced by Grandma Dee and then Big Dee and me had hung them on the quilt frames on the front porch and quilted them. One was in the Lone Star pattern. The other was Walk Around the Mountain. In both of them were scraps of dresses Grandma Dee had worn fifty and more years ago. Bit sand pieces of Grandpa Jarrell's Paisley shirts. And one teeny faded blue piece, about the size of a penny matchbox, that was from Great Grandpa Ezra's uniform that he wore in the Civil War."Mama," Wangero said sweet as a bird. "Can I have these old quilts?"I heard something fall in the kitchen, and a minute later the kitchen door slammed."Why don't you take one or two of the others?” 1 asked. "These old things was just done by me and Big Dee from some tops your grandma pieced before she died.""No," said Wangero. "I don't want those. They are stitched around the borders by machine.""That'll make them last better," I said."That's not the point," said Wanglero. "These are all pieces of dresses Grandma used to wear. She did all this stitching by hand. Imagine!" She held the quilts securely in her arms, stroking them."Some of the pieces, like those lavender ones, come from old clothes her mother handed down to her,” I said, moving up to touch the quilts. Dee (Wangero) moved back just enough so that I couldn't reach the quilts. They already belonged to her. "Imagine!" she breathed again, clutching them closely to her bosom."The truth is," I said, "I promised to give them quilts to Maggie, for when she marriesJohn Thomas."She gasped like a bee had stung her."Maggie can't appreciate these quilts!" she said. "She'd probably be backward enough to put them to everyday use.""I reckon she would," I said. "God knows I been savage ’em for long enough with nobody using 'em. I hope she will! ” I didn't want to bring up how I had offered Dee (Wangero) a quilt when she went away to college. Then she had told me they were old-fashioned, out of style."But they're priceless!" she was saying now, furiously, for she has a temper. "Maggie would put them on the bed and in five years they'd be in rags. Less than that!" "She can always make some more,” I said. "Maggie knows how to quilt. "Dee (Wangero) looked at me with hatred. "You just will not understand. The point is these quilts, these quilts!""Well," I said,, stumped. "What would you do with them?""Hang them," she said. As it that was the only thing you could do with quilts.Maggie by now was standing in the door. I could almost hear the sound her feet made as they scraped over each other."She can have them, Mama,” she said like somebody used to neve r winning anything, or having anything reserved for her. "I can 'member Grandma Dee without the quilts."I looked at her hard. She had filled her bottom lip with checkerberry snuff and it gave her face a kind of dopey, hangdog look. It was Grandma Dee and Big Dee whotaught her how to quilt herself. She stood there with her scarred hands hidden in the folds of her skirt. She looked at her sister with something like fear but she wasn't mad at her. This was Maggie's portion. This was the way she knew God to work.When I looked at her like that something hit me in the top of my head and ran down to the soles of my feet. Just like when I'm in church and the spirit of God touches me and I get happy and shout. I did something I never had done before: hugged Maggie to me, then dragged her on into the room, snatched the quilts out of Miss Wangero's hands and dumped them into Maggie's lap. Maggie just sat there on my bed with her mouth open."Take one or two of the others," I said to Dee.But she turned without a word and went out to Hakim-a-barber."You just don't understand," she said, as Maggie and I came out to the car."What don't I under stand?" I wanted to know."Your heritage," she said. And then she turned to Maggie, kissed her, and said, "You ought to try to make some-thing of yourself, too, Maggie. It's really a new day for us. But from the way you and Mama still live you'd never know it."She put on some sunglasses that hid everything above the tip of her nose and her chin.Maggie smiled; maybe at the sunglasses. But a real mile, not scared. After we watched the car dust settle I asked Maggie to bring me a dip of snuff. And then the two of us sat there just enjoying, until it was time to go in the house and go to bed.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------NOTES1) Alice Walker: born 1944 in Eatonton, Georgia, America and graduated from Sarah Lawrence College. Her books include The Third Life of Grange Copeland ( 1970 ), Meridian ( 1976 ), The Color Purple(1982), etc.2)"made it": to become a success, to succeed, either in specific endeavor or in general3) Johnny Carson: a man who runs a late night talk show4)hooked: injured by the horn of the cow being milked5) Jimmy T: 'T' is the initial of the surname of the boy Dee was courting.6)"Wa-su-zo-Tean-o!": phonetic rendering of an African dialect salutation7) "Asalamalakim": phonetic rendering of a Muslim greeting8) Polaroid: a camera that produces instant pictures9) the Civil War: the war between the North and the South in the U. S.(1861-1865)10) branches: branches or divisions of a family descending from a common ancestor11) Ream it out again: "Ream" is perhaps an African dialect word meaning: "unfold, display". Hence the phrase may mean "repeat" or "say it once again"12) pork was unclean: Muslims are forbidden by their religion to eat pork because it is considered to be unclean.13) Chitlins: also chitlings or chitterlings, the small intestines of pigs, used for food, a common dish in Afro-American households14) rump prints: depressions in the benches made by constant sitting15) sink: depressions in the wood of the handle left by the thumbs and fingers第四课外婆的日用家当艾丽斯•沃克尔“我会慢慢习惯的，”我说，“你给我再念一遍吧。
高英讲课Everyday_Use_for_your_grandmama
Maggie继承者 lack of self-confidence shy ,conservative , inheriting Africa American culture
☆ 3、Name 、
Mrs. Johnson has a short kind of discussion with Dee and her boyfriend about her new name .
◆ Name = ？
root 和identity
(1)“ Not ‘Dee’, Wangero Leewanika Kemanjo! ” ◆ Dee’s original name has already been carried by several generations of female ancestors, which can be traced back beyond the Civil War, the new African name is not related to her personal history at all and dissociates her from her family and therefore from her true heritage. （2）“ She‘s dead, ” Wangero said. “ I couldn’t bear it any longer, being named after the people who
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Everyday Use for your grandmama
Everyday Use for your grandmamaby Alice WalkerAlice Walker (1944~ ), the author of Everyday Use for your grandmama, was borned in Eatonton, Georgia. When she went to Sarah Lawrence College in the early 1960’s, the civil rights movement was in full swing. She was actively involved in the movement. From 1967, she has been teaching creative writing and black literature, lecturing at several colleges. Now she is regarded as one of the most prominent writers in American literature and a most forceful representative of women’s literature and black literature.She has published a number of collections of short stories, poetry, and other published work. In 1983, Walker became the first African-American woman to win a Pulitzer Prize for fiction with her novel The Color Purple, which also won the National Book Award.The short stories Everyday Use(1973) is included in the Norton Anthology of Short Fiction, 2nd Edition, 1981, was written during the heyday of the Black Power movement, when African Americans were trying to gain racial equality and called for self-determination and racial dignity. Blacks were seeking their cultural roots in Africa, but a lot of blacks went off course, like Dee in this story.This is a short novel which tell us a story about a young black people, Dee, wants the old quilts only to be refused flatly by the mother, who intends to give them to Maggie, the younger one. The story begins with the narrator, a black women, awaiting the homecoming of her daugher Dee, an educated women pursuing the fasion things. Accompanying her young daughter Maggie. However, Dee has been scornful of black and delightes herself by the old way of life and becomes more interesting to the old quits made from pieces of clothes worn by grand and great grand parents and stitched by Grandma’s hand. The old quits are clearly a symbol of the cultural heritage of the black people. Their different feelings about the quilts reveal their different attitudes towards their heritage as blacks.Everyday use is told in the first-person point of view. This point of view involves readers in the story as they were experiencing of the story. This technique seeks tovalidate the experiences of an offten oppressed group of people: lower-class black women. In addition the first-person point of view, Everday use is enriched by Alice Walker’s employment of symbols. In particular, the contested heritage of the black people. Their different feeling about the quits reval their different attitudes towards their heritage as blacks. And, the auther adopted the historcal present. The historcal present refers to the employment of the present tense when narrating past events. It is used in fiction, for “hot news”, and in everyday conversation, it is partical any common with “verbs of communication” such as tell, write, etc.This story gives us a incisive description about the feminism, racism and the inheritance of culture. Everyday Use is Alice Walker’s answer to the social discourse of that time, especially concerning the African American concept of heritage and identity. The story is widely acceptd as one of the best stories on the dilemma of black heitage and has a wide range of images.It gives birth to new aspects every time you have understood one of the numerous levels of meaning the story includes.As a black writer, Walker is particularly interested in examining the relationships among the blacks themselves. And Walker's creative vision is rooted in the economic hardship, racial terror, and folk wisdom of African American life and culture, particularly in the rural South. Her writing explores multidimensional kinships among women and embraces the redemptive power of social and political revolution. Her writings also focus on the role of women of color in culture and history. Walker is a respected figure in the liberal political community for her support of unconventional and unpopular views as a matter of principle. And these are why, perhaps, that Alice Walker’s works have won great popularity all over in America.。
Everyday Use for Your Grandmama
Objectives of TeachingTo comprehend the whole storyTo lean and master the vocabulary and expressionsTo learn to paraphrase the difficult sentencesTo understand the structure of the textTo appreciate the style and rhetoric of the passage.Important and Difficult pointsThe comprehension of the whole storyThe understanding of certain expressionsThe appreciation of the writing techniqueColloquial, slangy or black EnglishCultural difference between nationalities in the USIV. Character AnalysisDee:She has held life always in the palm of one hand."No" is a word the world never learned to say to her.She would always look anyone in the eye. Hesitation was no part of her nature.She was determined to share down any disaster in her efforts.I. Rhetorical devices:Parallelism:chin on chest, eyes on ground, feet in shuffleMetaphor:She washed us in a river of...burned us... Pressed us ...to shove us awaystare down any disaster in her efforts...Background informationThe author wrote quite a number of novels, among them were The Color Purple which won the Pulitzer Prize of Fiction （普利策小说奖）and The American Book Award（美国图书奖）. In 1985, the Color Purple was made into a movie which won great fame .Everyday Use for Your Grandmama--------------------------------------------------------------------------------Detailed Study of the Text1. wavy: having regular curvesA wavy line has a series of regular curves along it.The wavy lines are meant to represent water.Here in the text the word describes the marks in wavy patterns on the clay ground left by the broom.*image - 1* (此处加一细曲线图)2. groove: a long narrow path or track made in a surface, esp. to guide the movement of sth.A groove is a wide, deep line cut into a surface.The cupboard door slides open along the groove it fits into.3. homely: simple, not grand, (of people, faces, etc.,) not good-looking, uglyIf someone is homely, they are not very attractive to look at; uased in Am.E.4. awe: Awe is the feeling of respect and amazement that you have when you are faced with sth. wonderful, frightening or completely unknown., wonderThe child stared at him in silent awe.5. confront: to face boldly or threateningly, encounterIf a problem, task, or difficulty confronts you, or you are confronted with it, it iss sth. that you cannot avoid and must deal withI was confronted with the task of designing and building the new system.6. totter: to move in an unsteady way from side to side as if about to fall, to walk with weak unsteady stepsThe old lady tottered down the stairs.7. limousine: A limousine is a large and very comfortable car, esp. one with a glass screen between the front and back seats. Limousines are usually driven by a chauffeur [ou]cf:sedan / saloon is a car with seats for four or more people, a fixed roof, and a boot (the space at the back of the car, covered by a lid, in which you carry things such luggage, shopping or tools) that is separate from the seating part of the carconvertible: a car with a soft roof that can be folded down or removedsports car: a low usu. open car with room for only 2 people for traveling with high power and speedcoupe [‘ku:pei] a car with a fixed roof, a sloping back, two doo rs and seats for four people station wagon (Am E) / estate car (Br.E) a car which has a long body with a door at the back end and space behind the back seats8. gray / grey: used to describe the colour of people’s hair when it changes from its original colour, usu. as they get old and before it becomes white9. tacky: (Am.E, slang) shabby10. overalls: are a single piece of clothing that combines trousers and a jacket. Your wear overalls over your clothes in order to protect them from dirt, paint, etc. while you are working The breast pocket of his overalls was filled with tools. (工装裤)11. hog:a. a pig, esp. a fat one for eatingb. a male pig that has been castratedc. a dirty personswine: (old & tech) pigboar [o:]: male pig on a farm that is kept for breedingsow [au]: fully grown female pig12. sledge hammer: large, heavy hammer for swinging with both hands, a large heavy hammer with a long handle, used for smashing concrete13. barley: 大麦14. pancake: a thin, flat circle of cooked batter (糊状物) made of milk, flour and eggs. usu. rolled up or folded and eaten hot with a sweet or savory filling inside15. sidle: walk as if ready to turn or go the other wayIf you sidle somewhere, you walk there uncertainly or cautiously, as if you do not want anyone to notice youA man sidled up to me and asked if I wanted a ticket for the match..16. shuffle: slow dragging walkIf you shuffle, you walk without lifting your feet properly off the groundHe slipped on his shoes and shuffled out of the room.If you shuffle, you move your feet about while standing or move your bottom about while sitting, often because you feel uncomfortable or embarrassed.I was shuffling in my seat.cf:totter (n.6), sidle(n. 15), shuffle17. blaze: to burn with a bright flameA wood fire was blazing, but there was no other light in the room.n. the sudden sharp shooting up of a flame, a very bright fireThe fire burned slowly at first, but soon burst into a blaze.18. sweet gum tree: a large North American tree of the witch hazel (榛子) family, with alternate maplelike leaves, spiny (多刺的) fruit balls, and flagrant juice美洲金缕梅, 落叶灌木或小乔木. 原产于北美和亚洲. 其分叉小枝从前用为魔杖, 这寻找地下水, 故俗称魔杖.19. dingy: dirty and fadedA building or place that is dingy is rather dark and depressing and does not seem to have been well looked after,.This is the dingiest street of the town.Clothes, curtains, etc. that are dingy are dirty or faded.20. raise: to collect togetherraise an army / raise enough money for a holidayHis wife raised the money by selling her jewellery.We’re trying to raise funds to establish a scholarship.21. underneath: (so as to go) under (sth..)The letter was pushed underneath the door.Did you find very much growing underneath the snow?(Here it suggests a repressive and imposing quality in her voice.)22. make-believe: a state of pretending or the things which are pretendedShe lives in a make-believe world / a world of make-believe.Don’t be afraid of monster - the story’s only make-believe.The little girl made believe she was a princess.23. shove: to push, esp. in a rough or careless wayThere was a lot of pushing and shoving to get on the bus.Help me to shove this furniture aside.If you shove sb. or sth., you push them with a quick, rather, violent movement.He dragged her out to the door and shoved her into the street.24. dimwit: (infml) an ignorant and stupid persondim: faint, not brightwit: intelligence, wisdomat one’s wit’s end: at the end of one’s tether25. organdy: (Br. E organdie) very fine transparent muslin (麦斯林纱, 平纹细布) with a stiff finish (最后一层涂饰), very fine rather stiff cotton material used esp. for women’s dresses (蝉翼纱, 玻璃纱)26. pump: low shoe that grips the foot chiefly at the toe and the heel27. stare down any disaster in her efforts: face up and defeat any disaster with her efforts stare down: two people looking at each other persistently until one shifts his eye28. flicker: to move backwards and forwards unsteadilyshadows flickered on the wallflickering eyelids29. stumble: to stop and /or make mistakes in speaking or reading aloudto catch the foot on the ground while moving along and start to fallShe stumble at/over the long wordHe stumbled and stopped reading.cf:stammer: to speak or say with pauses and repeated sounds, either habitually or because of excitement, fear, etc.stammererstutter: to speak or say with difficulty in producing sounds, esp. habitually holding back the first consonant.stutterer30. good-naturedly: naturally kind, ready to help, to forgive, not to be angryA person or animal that is good-natured is naturally friendly and does not easily get angry.a good-natured policeman31. mossy:moss: any of several types of a small flat green or yellow flowerless plant that grows in a thick furry mass on wet soil, or on a wet surface32. hook: to catch with or as if with a hookto hook a fish / a rich husbandhooknoseHere: to attack with the horn of the cow33. soothe: to make less angry, excited or anxious, comfort or calm, to make less painful soothing wordssoothe one’s feelings34. shingle: a small thin piece of building material (such as wood) often with one end thicker than the other for laying in overlapping rows as a covering for the roof or sides of buildingcf: tile; a flat or curved piece of fired clay, stone, or concrete used esp. for roofs, floors, or walls and often for ornamental work35. porthole: also port, a small usu. circular window or opening in a ship for light or air36. shutter: a. one that shutsb. movable cover (wooden panel or iron plate, hinged, or separate and detachable) for a window or door, to keep out light or burglars.cf: Venetian blindsThe shop front is fitted with rolling shutters.c. device that opens to admit light through the lens of a camera37. pasture: land where grass is grown and where cattle feed on it38. furtive: stealthy, If sb. is furtive, he / she behaves as if he / she wants to keep sth. secret or hiddenThey suddenly looked furtive when I got into the room.I watched him furtively pencil a note and slip it between the pages.A woman with furtive look sidled up to me and asked furtively whether I had / wanted receipts.39. hang about: to wait or stay near a place without purpose or activity40. washday: also washing day, the day when clothes are washed41. impressed with her: impressed by her manner,42. well-turned: (of a phrase) carefully formed and pleasantly expresseda well-turned phrase: 恰当的词语43. cute: delightfully pretty and often smallIf you describe sb. as cute you mean that you find them attractive, often in a sexual way44. scald: to burn with hot liquidHe scalded his tongue on / with the hot coffeescalding: boiling or as hot as boilingcourt: If a man courts a woman, he pays a lot of attention to her because he wants to marry her.45. flashy: over-ornamented, unpleasantly big, bright, etc. and perhaps not of good quality Something that is flashy is so smart, bright and expensive that you find it unpleasant and perhaps vulgara flashy sports car / cheap flashy clothes46. recompose:compose: to make (esp. oneself) calm, quiet, etc.Jean was nervous at first but soon composed herself.47. kinky: (esp. of hair) having kinkskink: a backward turn or twist in hair, a rope, chain, pipe, etc.48. wriggle: to twist from side to side49. loud: attracting attention by being unpleasantly colourful50. rope: (of 2 or more mountain climbers) to be fastened together with the same rope(I think the word here means the plaits or the pigtails are fastened together51. gliding: to move noiselessly in a smooth, continuous manner, which seems easy and without effortglider: a plane without an engine52. something of a(n)... : (infml) rather a(n), a fairly goodYou use the expression something of in the following ways. If you say that a person or thing has something of a particular quality, feeling, etc., you mean that they have it to some extent.If you say that a person is something of an actor, something of a poet, etc., you mean that the person can act, write poetry, etc. to some extentDr. Mitra, a scholar and something of a philosopherIf you say that a situation is something of a mystery / a surprise, etc., you mean that it is slightly mysterious, slightly surprisingHe is something of a book collector / a liar / a musician.I am something of a carpenter myself, you know.make sth. of oneself: be successfulHe is a clever boy--- I hope he'll make sth. of himself.53. peek: (infml) to look at sth. quickly, esp. when one should notThey caught him peeking through the hole at what was going on in the roompeep: to look at sth. quickly and secretlyIt’s rude to peep at other people’s work.He took a peep at the back of the book to find out the answers to the questions.Peek & Peep are not clearly distinguishable when denoting to see what is concealed, or hidden.peer: to look very carefully or hard, esp. as if not able to see wellShe peered through the mist, trying to find the right path.He peered at me over the top of his glasses.54. stoop: to bend the head and shoulders forwards and down55. cower: to bend low and draw back as from fear, pain, shame, cold etc.56. go through motions with Maggie’s hand:Here “motions” refer to trying to shake hands with Maggie.If you go through the motions, you say or do sth. that is expected of you without being very sincere or serious about it. Or you pretend to do sth. by making the movements associated with a particular action.The doctor was sure that the man wasn’t ill, but he went through the motions of examining him.I can go through the motions of putting imaginary food into my mouth.57. limp: lacking strength or stiffnessn. a way of walking with one foot dragging unevenlyv. to walk with an uneven step, one foot or leg moving less well than the other58. There you are: I told you so.There you are. I knew I was right. That’s what I expected. I knew you couldn’t trace it further back.There I was not: You are not right.crop up: arise, happen or appear, unexpectedlySome difficulties have cropped up at work so I’ll be late coming home tonight.Literally the sentence in the text could possibly understood as follows:I was not there before the name “Dicie” appeared in our family, so why...But “There I was not” is obviously a quick, short cut answer to “there you are”.59. Model A car: in 1909 Henry Ford mass-produced 15 million Model T cars and thus made automobiles popular in the States. In 1928 the Model T was discontinued and replaced by a new design - the Model A - to meet the needs for growing competition in car manufacturing.Here he thinks she is quaint, attractive because it is strange and something rather old fashioned60. ream: sl. say it, spit it61. out of the way: not blocking space for the forward movement of(Here there must be one misunderstanding either by me or by the editor who explains that as: We overcame the difficulty and managed to pronounce it at last)I will move the chair out of your way.He ran through the crowd, pushing people out of his way.Her social life got in the way of her studies.We got the name out of the way: we finished talking about it, we set the problem aside.When we got topic A out of the way, we discuss topic B.62. trip: If you trip over something, you knock your foot against something when you are walking and lose your balance so that you fall or nearly fall.I tripped and fell...She tripped over a stone...He put each foot down carefully to avoid tripping up.Here: to make a mistake as in a statement or behaviourThis lawyer always tries to trip witness up by asking confusing questions.63. salt-lick shelters: shelters where blocks of rock salt were kept for cattle to lick64. style: The style of a particular person or group is all the general attitudes, likes, dislikes, and ways of behaving that are characteristic of them.Purple is not my style.Raising cattle is not my style: I am not interested in raising cattle.65. gone and married: colloq.66. collard: 宽叶羽衣甘蓝67. go on through the chitlins etc.chitlins: also chitlings, chitterlings: the intestines of hogs esp. when -prepared as food68. greens: green vegetables69. talk a blue streak: speak very fast and very muchblue streak: sth. that moves very fast, a constant stream of worksstreak: thin line or band, different from what surrounds it70. rump: the part of an animal at the back just above the legs. When we eat this part of a cow it is called a rump steak (后腿部的牛排)(humour) of a human being the part of the body one sits on, bottom71. her hand closed over the butter dish: A butter dish is a small rectangular container which you can simply put your hand close over72. if I could have: here if means whether73. churn: a container in which milk is moved about violently until it becomes butter , Am.Ea large metal container in which milk is stored or carried from the farm (搅乳器, 盛奶罐)74. clabber: (not found in Longman or Collins) curdle --- to form into curds, cause to thicken75. whittle: to cut (wood) to a smaller size by taking off small thing pieces76. dasher: a devise having blades for agitating a liquid or semisolid77. centerpiece: The centerpiece of a set of things that is greatly admired is sth. that you show as the best example of the setThe centerpiece of the modern navy is the nuclear submarine.78. alcove: an alcove is a small area in a room which is formed by one part of a wall being built further back than the rest of the wall. a partially enclosed extension of a room, often occupied by a bed or by seats, 凹室(see. Oxford)79. to do with the dasher: use the dasher to make sth. artisticI’ll do sth. artistic with the dasherI don’t know what to do with those books, what to use them for, where to put themSomeone who is artistic is able to create or appreciate good painting, sculpture.Something that is artistic relates to art or to artists. A design, arrangement, pattern, etc. that isartistic is beautiful or attractive80. sink: a depression (part of a surface lower than the other parts) in the land surface (The rain collected in several depressions on the ground.)81. rifle: to search through and steal everything valuable out of a placeThe thieves rifled his pockets of all their contents.The burglar rifled the safe.The bad boy rifled the apple tree.Here in the text, the word “rifle” means to look thorough to see what to take, and indicates that Dee was trying to find sth. she did not deserve.82. hung back: be unwilling to act or moveThe bridge looked so unsafe that we all hung back in fear.83. piece: to make by joining pieces together84. quilt: to sew, stitch in layers with padding in between85. Lone Star and Walk Around the Mountain pattern86. scrap: small piece, bita scrap of paperScrap of bread were thrown to the birds.There was not a scrap of food left, we’ve eaten it all.87. teeny: teeny weeny: also teensy weensy (used esp. to children) very small88. top: the most important or worthiest part of anything89. priceless: of great valuecf: invaluable, priceless, expensive, costly, dear, precious, sumptuous, luxuriousvalueless: worthless, useless90. temper: particular state or condition of the mind with regard to anger, an angry, impatient or bad state of mind John is in a temper today.91. stump: n. the part of a plant, (esp. a tree) remaining attached to the root after the trunk is cutv. put an unanswerable question to, puzzle, perplexIf something stumps you, you cannot think of any solution or answer for itThe question has stumped philosophers since the beginning of time.It’s unusual for Jeremy to be stumped for an answer.You’ve go me stumped there.92. snuff: tobacco made into powered for breathing into the nose, esp. used in former times93. dopey: [‘doupi] showing dullness of the mind or feelings caused or as if caused by alcohol or a drug, sleepy and unable to think clearly, stupid94. hangdog: (of an expression on the face) ashamed, guilty, cowed95. portion: an individual’s lot, fate, or fortune, destiny, one’s share of good and evil Utter disaster was my portion.What would be my portion on the day the enemy invaded?96. heritage: property that descends to an heir, sth. transmitted by or acquired from a predecessor, sth. possessed as a result of one’s natural situation or birth词汇(Vocabulary)wavy ( adj. ) :like，characteristic of，or suggestive of waves波状的；有起伏的----------------------------------------------------------------------------------groove ( n.) :a long，narrow furrow or hollow cut in a surface with a tool纹(道)；纹槽----------------------------------------------------------------------------------elm ( adj.) : designating a family(Ulmaceae)of trees growing largely in the N．Temperate Zone[植]榆科的----------------------------------------------------------------------------------totter ( v.) :be unsteady on one's feet；stagger蹒跚而行----------------------------------------------------------------------------------limousine ( n.) :any large luxurious sedan，esp. one driven by a chauffeur(配有司机的)高级轿车----------------------------------------------------------------------------------sporty ( adj.) :characteristic of a sport or sporting man运动员似的----------------------------------------------------------------------------------tacky ( adj.) : untidy；neglected；unrefined；vulgar劣等的；破旧的；粗俗的----------------------------------------------------------------------------------flannel ( n.) :a soft，lightweight，loosely woven woolen cloth with a slightly napped surface法兰绒----------------------------------------------------------------------------------barley ( n.) :a cereal grass(Hordeum vulgare and related species)with dense，bearded spikes of flowers，each made up of three single—seeded spikelets大麦----------------------------------------------------------------------------------lame (adj. ) :crippled；disabled；esp. having an injured leg or foot that makes one limp瘸的；残废的----------------------------------------------------------------------------------sidle ( v．) :move sideways，esp. in a shy or stealthy manner(羞怯或偷偷地)侧身行走----------------------------------------------------------------------------------shuffle ( n.) :a slow dragging walk拖着脚走----------------------------------------------------------------------------------papery ( adj.) :thin，light，etc．1ike paper(在厚薄、质地等方面)像纸的----------------------------------------------------------------------------------dingy (adj.) :dirty—colored；not bright or clean；grimy昏暗的，不明亮的；不干净的；无光泽的；弄脏了的----------------------------------------------------------------------------------make—believe ( n.) :①n. pretense；feigning假装；虚假②adj. pretended；feigned；sham假装的；虚假的----------------------------------------------------------------------------------dimwit ( n.) :[slang]a stupid person；simpleton[俚]蠢人，笨蛋，傻子----------------------------------------------------------------------------------organdy ( n.) : very sheer，crisp cotton fabric used for dresses，curtains，etc．蝉翼纱；玻璃纱(一种细薄的透明布)----------------------------------------------------------------------------------pump ( n.) :．a low—cut shoe without straps or ties一种浅口无带皮鞋----------------------------------------------------------------------------------flicker ( v．) :move with a quick，light，wavering motion摇曳，摇动；晃动----------------------------------------------------------------------------------mossy ( adj.) : full of or covered with moss or a mosslike growth生了苔的；多苔的；苔状的----------------------------------------------------------------------------------hook ( v．) :attack with the horns，as a bull；gore(牛等以角)抵破，抵伤----------------------------------------------------------------------------------shingle ( n.) :a thin，wedgeshaped piece of wood，slate, etc．1aid with others in a series of overlapping rows as a covering for roofs and the sides of the houses屋顶板；木瓦----------------------------------------------------------------------------------porthole ( n.) :an opening in a ship's side，as for admitting light and air(船侧采光、通气的)舷窗；舱口----------------------------------------------------------------------------------rawhide ( adj. ) :done or acting in a stealthy manner，as if to hinder observation；surreptitious；stealthy；sneaky；secret鬼鬼祟祟的，偷偷摸摸的；秘密的----------------------------------------------------------------------------------cute ( adj.) :[Am．colloq．]pretty or attractive，esp. in a delicate or dainty way[美口]漂亮的，俏的，迷人的；逗人喜爱的----------------------------------------------------------------------------------scalding ( adj.) :fierce in attacking in words措辞尖锐的----------------------------------------------------------------------------------lye ( n.) :any strongly alkaline substance，usually sodium or potassium hydroxide，used in cleaning，making soap，etc．碱液----------------------------------------------------------------------------------recompose ( v. ) : restore to composure使恢复镇静----------------------------------------------------------------------------------stocky ( adj.) :heavily built；sturdy；short and thickset矮胖的；结实的----------------------------------------------------------------------------------kinky (adj.) :full of kinks；tightly curled，esp．of hair(尤指头发)绞缠的；纽结的；弯曲的----------------------------------------------------------------------------------wriggle ( v．) :．twist from side to side，either in one place or when moving along蠕动；扭动----------------------------------------------------------------------------------earring ( n.) :[usu．p1.] an ornament worn on the ear[常用复数]耳环，耳饰----------------------------------------------------------------------------------bracelet ( n.) :an ornamental band or chain worn about the wrist or arm手镯----------------------------------------------------------------------------------armpit ( n.) :the hollow place under the arm at the shoulder腋下，腋窝----------------------------------------------------------------------------------lizard ( n.) :any of several types of(usu．)small creatures which are reptiles。
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课后题及答案Everyday Use for your grandmama I .（1)In real life the mother was a large, big-boned woman with rough, man-working hands.（2)Dee like her mother to have a slender figure and a fair skin, glistening hair and a quick and witty tongue.3)When she meets a strange white man, she always avoids looking him in the eye and is ready to go away.4)Maggie is an innocent, timid and kind-hearted girl.5) Because they were more seriously looked down upon by white men at that time, and they were not as awaken as they are today.6)Because Dee doesn't like her friends to see the poor state her family is in, which she thinks is shameful. This tells us that Dee is somewhat a snob. Another instance to prove this is that she wants nice things.7)Because it was old and stitched by hand instead of by machine. So that she could use them for decoration showing to the people she was associated with.8)Maggie wanted the quilt because she could remember her grandma better, who taught her to do needle work.9)Because she wanted to get some valuable heritages of the family, mainly out of her vanity.10)At first the mother liked Dee because of her beauty, taste, and education. But with the development of the story, her love was transferred to a dislike because of Dee's egotism, which was obviously revealed when she insisted on taking the quilts while her sister Maggie gave up keeping it willingly to satisfy her desire.11)It's implied that the story is written in honor of the grandma mentioned in it and that the ordinary old thing may be something precious for the young.Ⅱ.1)She thinks that her sister has a firm control of her life.2)She could always have anything she wanted, and life was extremely generous to her.3)The popular TV talk show star, Johnny Carson, who is famous for his witty and glib tongue, has to try hard if he wants to catch up with me.4)It seems to me that I have talked to them always ready to leave as quickly as possible.5)She imposed on us lots of falsity.6)imposed on us a lot of knowledge that is totally useless to us7)She is not bright just as she is neither good-looking rich.8)Dee wore a very long dress even on such a hot day.9)You can see me trying to move my body a couple of seconds before I finally manage to push myself up.10)Soon he knows that won't do for Maggie, so he stops trying to shake hands with Maggie.11)As I see Dee is getting tired of this, I don't want to go on either. In fact, I could have traced it far back before the Civil War along the branches of the family tree.12)Now and then he and Dee communicated through eye contact in a secretive way.13)If Maggie put the old quilts on the bed, they would be in rags less than five years.14)She knew this was God's arrangement.Ⅲ. See the translation of the text.IV.1)inelegant2)a stupid person/a simpleton3)tightly curled4)expressed or worded well/felicitous5)say (used to describe dialogue)6)as if shake hands in a fancy and elaborate way7)I knew you couldn't trace it further back8)mispronounced, failed to pronounce it correctly9)people who bred and fatten cattle for meat10)talked much and rapidlyV.1)Dee, however, is not like me.2)I could never carry a tune.3)It was like the reaction you have when you see the wriggling end of a snake just in front of your foot on the road.4)Dee comes out of the car next. She is wearing a dress long enough to touch the ground, in spite of this hot weather.5)Her earrings are gold，too，and they are hanging down to her shoulders．6)"No，Mama，”she says "My name is not Dee now，it has changed into Wangero Leewanika Kemanjo!”7)“Why shouldn't I call you by your new name?'’8)Those people were always too busy：…9)"Did Uncle Buddy whittle that one, too?” aske d the barber．10)“Imagine that she did all the stitching by hand!” she breathed again，clutching them to her bosom．Ⅵ．1)…my complexion had a smooth and creamy texture．2)…uncomfortably and nervously，wanting to get away as soon as possible．3)…the q uick and great humor that would make everybody laugh immediately．4)He wasted no time in marrying a contemptible city girl from a family of ignorant ostentatious and vulgar people．5)…move her feet in great discomfort．6)"Maggie's brain is very slow，”Wangero said, laughing．7)…slightly sunken areas．8)"Mama，”Wangero said in an extremely sweet voice．9)She breathed suddenly in painful surprise．10)For us colored people。