构词法(转化)在高考英语试题中的考查
构词法(转化)在高考英语试题中的考查
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3. 2012北京 Though I was absolutely thrilled with the change, it did not come without its fair share of 46 . 46. A. challenges B. profits C. advantages D. adventures Do you feel they're paying their fair share? I have done my share of the work. Women must receive their fair share of training for good-paying jobs. share n. (应得或应承担或应做的)一份
7. fitting-in 2014北京 :适应;能和同事、同学或朋友打成一片 The fitting-in of Suzy Khan The first time I saw Suzy Khan, I knew I had to help her. She was really small for her age of 12. The boys in my class often 36 about her and laughed their heads off. She would open a book, pretending to read, with tears dropping on the open page. 36. A. joked B. cared C. forgot D. worried joke n. 笑话,玩笑; 笑柄,笑料; v.开玩笑; 戏弄; 闹着玩; 说着玩
英语构词法的重要考点及解题技巧
英语构词法的重要考点及解题技巧英语构词法的重要考点及解题技巧掌握一定的构词法知识,可以降低阅读中的生词量,使阅读更流畅。
构词法也是广东高考语法填空题的一个重要考点。
一、三种主要构词法英语主要有三种构词法,即转化法、合成法和派生法。
1. 转化法就是把一个词从一种词类转化为另一种词类。
如:You can water the flowers with dirty wate r. 你可以用脏水浇花。
2. 合成法就是把两个或两个以上的词结合成一个新词。
如:Few people realized that dustmen were doing an important job. 很少有人意识到清洁工人的工作非常重要。
3. 派生法就是将一个单词附加前缀或后缀,变为一个新单词。
前缀附加在单词前面,一般不改变原词的词类,但会引起词义的变化。
后缀附加在单词后面,一般不改变原词的基本含义,但会引起词类的变化。
如:We think it impossible to finish the work on time. 我们认为不可能按时完成这个任务。
My grandpa looks very healthy. 我爷爷看起来很健康。
二、考点提示在语法填空中,每年至少必考一道有关构词法的题,且考查的重点是派生词。
如:(1)We drank together and talked 38 (merry) till far into the night (2007广东).(2)This proverb is saying we have to let things go in their 39 (nature) course(2008广东).三、常见前缀与后缀1. 常见前缀2. 名词后缀3 . 形容词后缀4. 动词后缀5. 副词后缀-ly是最常见的副词后缀, 可以附加在形容词后,构成与原形容词意义相同的副词。
如:slowly 缓慢地happily高兴地truly 真实地wholly 全部地 simply 纯粹地四、解题技巧解答这类试题,首先要结合不同词类的不同用法来分析判断用哪种词类的词,然后再根据构词法将括号中的词改为所需要的词类。
构词法专题 重要考点及解题技巧
语法专项2——构词法掌握一定的构词法知识,有助于系统扩大词汇量,降低阅读中的生词量,使阅读更流畅。
构词法也是高考语法填空题及改错题的重要考点。
一、三种主要构词法英语主要有三种构词法,即转化法、合成法和派生法。
1. 转化法就是把一个词从一种词类转化为另一种词类。
如:You can water the flowers with dirty water. 你可以用脏水浇花。
2. 合成法就是把两个或两个以上的词结合成一个新词。
如:Few people realized that dustmen were doing an important job.清洁工人3. 派生法就是将一个单词附加前缀或后缀,变为一个新单词。
前缀附加在单词前面,一般不改变原词的词类,但会引起词义的变化。
后缀附加在单词后面,一般不改变原词的基本含义,但会引起词类的变化。
如:We think it impossible to finish the work on time.My grandpa looks very healthy.二、近三年全国III卷高考语法填空及改错构词法考点呈现。
1.语法填空。
(1)(2018) I’m a 66 ______(science) who studied animals such as apes and monkey.(2)(2017) She is determined to carry on with her 66______________________(educate).It is 70___________(certain) fun but the lifestyle is a little unreal.(3)(2016) Food in small pieces could be eaten easily with twigs which 66____________(gradual)turned into chopsticks.Confucius, 67 who lived from roughly 551 to 479 B.C., influence the 68________(develop) of chopsticks.2.改错。
高考英语语法必考考点(15)构词法(含解析)
——————————教育资源共享步入知识海洋————————2019年高考英语语法必考考点(15):构词法含解析李仕才【考点解读】英语词性是可以相互转化的。
词性的转换有两种方法:转化法和缀合法(派生法)。
一、转化法转化法是由一个词类转化为另一个词类的方法,即某一个词早期迁移定型为某一个词义和词类,后来通过词义扩大或比喻等方法把它活用为其它词义和词类的方法,一般在转化义和原义之间有明显的联系。
转化法一般多用于简单音节的词汇中。
转化法主要分为如下四种类型:1. 动词转化为名词。
多用来表示一次性动作,或与动作相关的事物。
①We stopped there for a swim.我们在那儿停下来游了一会儿泳。
swim原为动词“游泳”。
②Xiao Liu's answers is perfectly right.小刘的回答是完全正确的。
answer原为动词“回答”。
2. 名词转化为动词。
这类词多与名词所具有的特殊动作有关,也是修辞。
例如:①He wolfed down three bowls of rice.他狼吞虎咽地吃了三大碗饭。
wolf.原为名词“狼”。
②He insisted on staying up to nurse the child.他坚持不睡觉来护理这个女孩。
nurse.原为名词“护士”。
3. 形容词转化为动词。
①He had blacked his face with soot.他已经用煤灰把脸抹黑了。
black 原为形容词“黑色的”。
②My father is emptying a box of rubbish into a rubbish-cart.我爸爸正将垃圾倒入垃圾车。
empty原为形容词“空的”。
4. 形容词转化为名词。
即用性质来指代这种性质的事物。
例如:①My mother likes red.我妈妈喜欢红色(的)。
red原为形容词“红色的”。
②The Chinese are working-hard and brave people.中国人勤劳而勇敢。
英语高考转化构词法
英语高考转化构词法转化构词法是指通过改变单词的词性或形态,来创造新词或派生词的构词法。
在英语高考中,我们经常会遇到这种构词法,因此对于掌握英语词汇及语法而言,掌握这种构词法是非常重要的。
一、名词转动词这种构词法是将名词转换为动词,常用的形式有加动词后缀,如happen、lengthen等,在英语中,名词转动词的范围非常广泛。
示例:1. Friend - befriend2. Help - help3. Love - love4. Party - party5. Play - play6. Rain - rain7. Road - road8. Smile - smile9. Shop-shop10. Train - train二、动词转名词示例:1. Build- builder2. Cook - cook3. Design - design4. Friend - friendship5. Jog - jogger6. Read - reader7. Smile - smile8. Sing - singer9. Swim - swimmer10. Talk - talker三、形容词转动词这种构词法是将形容词转换为动词,常用的形式有添加动词后缀,如brighten、loosen等。
示例:1. Dark - darken2. Dry - dry3. Quiet - quieten4. Soft - soften5. Wet - wet6. Bright - brighten7. Old - old8. Far - far9. Light - light10. Quick - quicken四、动词转形容词这种构词法是将动词转换为形容词,常用的形式有加形容词后缀,如amused、confused、interested等。
示例:1. Amuse - amused2. Choose - chosen3. Confuse - confused4. Disappoint - disappointed5. E某cite - e某cited6. Fascinate - fascinated7. Interest - interested8. Please - pleased9. Satisfy - satisfied10. Terrify - terrified五、名词转形容词这种构词法是将名词转换为形容词,常用的形式有加形容词后缀,如fiery、cloudy、woody等。
关于高中英语构词法的必考考点剖析
关于高中英语构词法的必考考点剖析关于高中英语构词法的必考考点剖析今日我想和大家共享的是关于高中英语构词法的必考考点剖析,高三的同学要特殊留意了,接下来就让我们一起来学习一下吧。
一. 转化法在英语中,一个单词由一种词性转化为另一种或几种词性而词形不变的方法叫做转化法。
1. 动词转化为名词●Let me have a try.让我试试。
●They are only allowed to sell soft drinks at school.在学校里只准许他们出售不含酒精的饮料。
2. 名词转化为动词●He shouldered his way through the crowd.他用肩膀推开人群前进。
●The smell from the kitchen made his mouth wa ter.从厨房传来的气味使他流口水。
3. 形容词转化为动词●We will try our best to better our living conditions.我们要尽力改善我们的生活状况。
●They tried to perfect the working conditions.他们努力改善工作条件。
4. 形容词转化为名词●He didnt know the difference betw een right and wrong.他不辨是非。
●The old in our village are living a happy life.我们村的老年人过着幸福的生活。
5. 形容词转化为副词●How long have you lived there?你在那儿住多久了?6. 个别词在肯定场合中可转化为名词●Warm clothes are a must in the mountains.穿温和的衣服到山区去是必需的。
●Life is full of ups and downs.人生有得意时也有失意时。
●His argument contains too many ifs and buts.他的辩论中含有太多的“假如”和“但是”。
高中英语高考真题中的构词法归纳
【高考必读】2019年高考真题中的构词法近十年高考英语阅读文章中频繁出现派生词、合成词和转化词等基于构词法衍生的新面孔词汇。
有些单词/ 短语在“扩容”后,意义全非。
值得警惕的是,这种构词法词汇的呈现量在2017年后呈加速度增长。
2019全国 I 卷1. hands-on business training 操作性强的商务培训2. joker n 爱开玩笑的人;傻瓜;难以预料的事;难以捉摸的人the “-ld”, a pronunciation difficulty for non-native English 3. Kris trips onspeakers.克勒斯在“-ld”发音上磕绊起来,这个发音对于英语非母语的人来说是一个拼读难点。
► trip on 绊倒;磕巴4. improper pauses 不恰当的停顿数据及身份信息盗窃5. data and identity theft6. fingerprint scan 指纹扫描7. a low-cost device 低成本设备8. by extension 再则就是;引申下去就是9. password n 密码► a username and password 用户名及密码10. commercialize / commercialise v 商业化11. rosy years 花样年华► rosy future 乐观的未来► a rosy picture 美好的画面12. well-explored 探讨充分的促进人际技巧13. jump-start interpersonal skills14. dishonorable behavior 不光彩的行为15. enviable adj 令人羡慕的;令人嫉妒的16. score vt 得分;打分 n 得分;比分最不受欢迎的青少年17. the least well-liked teensn 讨人喜欢;可爱18. likability19. adaptable adj 能适应的;适应力强的20. The clean air is filled with life-giving, energizing oxygen. ► life-giving adj 赋予生命的;维持生命的► energizing adj 增强活力的21. Greenery is good for us.► greenery n 绿色植物;青枝绿叶22. apply sunscreen over the skin在皮肤上涂抹防晒霜► apply make-up / lipstick 抹化妆品 / 唇膏2019全国II卷1. co-author n 联合作者;合著作家2. Here she picks her top reads.在此,她挑选了几本她最喜爱的读物。
2020年高考必考点专题06词性转化(构词法)(高效演练)(英语 解析版) (1)
一.单句语法填空1. The boy ran (quick)to school.【答案】quickly【解析】考查词性转化之形容词转化为副词。
空格前的ran需用副词修饰,故填quickly。
2. "What's that? "Father shouted (angry).【答案】angrily【解析】考查词性转化之形容词转化为副词。
空格前的shouted需用副词修饰,故填angrily。
3. The little girl is (extreme)eager to know the result of the exam.【答案】extremely【解析】考查词性转化之形容词转化为副词。
空格后的形容词eager需用副词修饰,故填extremely。
句意:这个小女孩迫切想知道考试的结果。
4. Your composition is (bad)organized. Please do your writing exercise more attentively next time.【答案】badly【解析】考查词性转化之形容词转化为副词。
空格后的形容词bad需用副词修饰,故填badly。
句意:你的作文组织结构太差。
下次请务必多加注意。
5. He is rather (self) so that nobody prefers to have a talk with him.【答案】selfish【解析】考查词性转化之名词转化为形容词。
空格前的rather是副词,要修饰形容词,故填selfish。
句意:他这个人太自私,没有人愿意跟他说话。
6. The good working condition in the factory is (attract).【答案】attractive【解析】考查词性转化之动词转化为形容词。
空格处是表语位置,需用形容词,故填attractive。
句意:这家工厂的工作条件很吸引人。
高考英语 必考点 专题06 词性转化(构词法)(高效演练)(含解析)-人教版高三全册英语试题
专题06 词性转化〔构词法〕——高效演练一.单句语法填空1. The boy ran(quick)to school.【答案】quickly【解析】考查词性转化之形容词转化为副词。
空格前的ran需用副词修饰,故填quickly。
2. "What's that? "Father shouted (angry).【答案】angrily【解析】考查词性转化之形容词转化为副词。
空格前的shouted需用副词修饰,故填angrily。
3. The little girl is(extreme)eager to know the result of the exam.【答案】extremely【解析】考查词性转化之形容词转化为副词。
空格后的形容词eager需用副词修饰,故填extremely。
句意:这个小女孩迫切想知道考试的结果。
4. Your composition is (bad)organized. Please do your writing exercise more attentively next time.【答案】badly【解析】考查词性转化之形容词转化为副词。
空格后的形容词bad需用副词修饰,故填badly。
句意:你的作文组织结构太差。
下次请务必多加注意。
5. He is rather(self) so that nobody prefers to have a talk with him.【答案】selfish【解析】考查词性转化之名词转化为形容词。
空格前的rather是副词,要修饰形容词,故填selfish。
句意:他这个人太自私,没有人愿意跟他说话。
6. The good working condition in the factory is(attract).【答案】attractive【解析】考查词性转化之动词转化为形容词。
空格处是表语位置,需用形容词,故填attractive。
(全)高考英语语法真题详解-构词法
高考英语语法真题详解-构词法[感悟高考]单句语法填空1.Then,handle the most important tasks first so you'll feel a real sense of ________ (achieve).(2016·全国Ⅱ,62)2.Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius,who lived from roughly 551 to 479 BC,influenced the ________ (develop)of chopsticks.(2016·全国Ⅲ,48)3.Chinese scientists ________ (recent) had a chance to study a wild female panda with a newborn baby.(2016·四川,62)4.Food in small pieces could be eaten easily with twigs which ________ (gradual)turned into chopsticks.(2016·全国Ⅲ,46)答案 1.achievement 2.development 3.recently 4.gradually[考点清单]考点一派生法规则❶形容词变副词的后缀规则❷形容词变名词的后缀规则❸动词变名词的后缀规则❹表示“人”的后缀在某些形容词、名词或动词后面加后缀变成具有某种职业或动作的人。
常见的表示“人”的后缀有:规则❺动词、名词变形容词的常见后缀规则❻表示否定或相反意义的前缀和后缀规则❼变动词的前缀和后缀考点二转化法不改变词形,把一个词由一种词类转用为另一种词类的方法叫转化法。
[针对训练]Ⅰ.单句语法填空1.People certainly have a variety of reasons for going back to school but one important thing to know is,no knowledge is ________ (use).2.________ (curious),I gave him my full attention.3.However,Mare Van Rijsselberg,a farmer in the Netherlands is now using a ________ (mix) of sea and fresh water to grow healthy and tasty vegetables.4.But such a small thing couldn't ________ (possible) destroy a village. 5.Just imagine how terribly shy I was the moment I thought of that with so many eyes fixed upon me.I had no other ________ (choose),though. 6.That little act of ________ (kind) made everyone who saw it feel good —but it made me feel the best of all!7.He sank into ________ (depress) when both his parents left him and went to the south in search of a better-paid job.8.Several days later,out of my ________ (expect),I saw it quietly stand in a corner of the house where I worked.I was extremely glad to regain it. 9.As far as I am concerned,my ________ (suggest) is that we should always have a notebook and a Chinese-English dictionary within easy reach.10.In addition,there were no claims against the ________ (lose) of 50 coins and I order the girl and his father to take those 50 coins as appreciation for their honesty!答案 eless 2.Curiously 3.mixture 4.possibly 5.choice6.kindness7.depression8.expectation 9.suggestion 10.lossⅡ.单句改错(每句仅1处错误)1.The teachers here are kind and helpfully.2.Dad and I were terrible worried.3.On the left-hand side of the class,I could easy see the football field. 4.The fruits are small in size,but juicy and taste.5.We are growing wonderfully tomatoes at no cost!6.The Emperor opened his eyes widely but still saw nothing.7.No one in the carriage had previous spoken to or even noticed the ticket-owner before.8.That is too much for us,considering how closely the houses are. 9.I found the test difficult,but I tried hardly to do it.10.Before waiting for about half an hour,I was beginning to get impatiently.答案 1.helpfully→helpful 2.terrible→terribly 3.easy→easily 4.taste→tasty 5.wonderfully→wonderful 6.widely→wide 7.previous→previously8.closely→close 9.hardly→hard 10.impatiently→impatientⅢ.语篇填空(用所给词的适当形式填空)The speech seemed to be __1__(stop) and the listeners became very__2__(patient).When the __3__(speak) said that oil was non-renewable and that the best way to__4__(solution) the problem was not to make cars and buses but to force people to go to work or school on foot,the audience thought it was __5__(practice) and __6__(bear) to listen to him any longer.They __7__(believe) that the world would go__8__(smooth) without these modern__9__(transport).They also thought that the speaker was __10__(responsible) to make such a __11__(state)withoutthinking it __12__(careful) and his speech would cause some__13__(understand).So most of the__14__(listen)chose to leave,shouting loudly and__15__(angry).答案 1.nonstop 2.impatient 3.speaker 4.solve 5.impractical6.unbearable7.disbelieved8.smoothly9.transportations10.irresponsible 11.statement12.carefully 13.misunderstandings 14.listeners 15.angrily。
高中英语高考语法重点构词法专项复习(转化法+合成法+派生法)
高考英语构词法一、转化法把一种词性用作另一种词性而词形不变的方法叫作转化法,有的名词可以作动词,有的形容词可以作副词或动词。
1.动词转化为名词(1)They were talking with each other.他们正在交谈。
(talk v.)I think we'd better finish the talk now.我想我们的谈话最好现在结束。
(talk n.)(2)He looked aside when I spoke to him.我对他讲话,他却朝一边看。
(look v.)Let's have a look first.我们先看一下吧。
(look v.)(3)Have you booked the ticket?你订好票了吗?(book v.)What's the name of the book?书名叫什么?(book n.)【拓展】book n.书- v.预定seat n.座位- v.使就位;落座water n.水- v.浇水shoulder n.肩膀- v.负责任2.名词转化为动词(1)My left hand brushed the wall and found the door.我的左手顺着墙摸过去就找到了门。
(hand n.)Hand in your papers please.请把你们的试卷交上来。
(hand v.)(2)The sick children are well taken care of by the doctors and nurses.这些生病的孩子得到了医护人员的精心照料。
(nurse n.)She nursed her husband back to health.她看护丈夫,使他恢复了健康。
(nurse v.)(3)They begin breakfast at seven.他们7点钟开始吃早饭。
(breakfast n.)We breakfasted together.我们在一起吃了早餐。
2023年全国一卷英语 构词法
2023年全国一卷英语构词法一、合成词合成词是由两个或两个以上的词素构成的词。
例如,“classroom”(教室)是由“class”(班级)和“room”(房间)两个词素构成的。
二、前缀和后缀前缀和后缀是构词法中的重要组成部分,它们可以改变单词的意义或语法功能。
前缀一般位于词根前面,如“un-”(不)、“re-”(再)、“pre-”(前)等;后缀一般位于词根后面,如“-able”(可…的)、“-less”(无…的)、“-ness”(状态)等。
三、词根和词干词根是构成单词的基本部分,通常包含了这个单词的基本意义。
词干是词根后面的一部分,可以是一个字母、一个词根或者一个词根+后缀的组合。
词干可以用来表示不同的语法形式,如名词、动词、形容词等。
四、缩写和拼写缩写是将一个较长的单词或短语简化为一个较短的词或短语。
例如,“exam”是由“examination”缩写而来的。
拼写是指将单词的字母按照一定的顺序排列起来,形成单词的形式。
五、派生词派生词是通过添加前缀或后缀而形成的单词。
例如,“slowly”(慢慢地)是由“slow”(慢的)添加“-ly”(副词后缀)而形成的。
六、转化词转化词是指同一个单词可以在不同的语境中具有不同的语法功能或意义。
例如,“book”(书)可以作为名词也可以作为动词使用。
七、名词性从句名词性从句是一种句子类型,可以作为名词使用,表达一个完整的意义。
例如,“That she passed the exam is true.”(她通过了考试是真实的。
)八、定语从句定语从句是一种句子类型,用来修饰名词或代词,说明它们的关系或属性。
例如,“The girl who is wearing a red dress is my sister.”(穿红色连衣裙的女孩是我妹妹。
)九、状语从句状语从句是一种句子类型,用来修饰动词、形容词或副词,说明它们的状态或关系。
例如,“When he finishes his homework, he will go to bed.”(当他完成作业时,他会去睡觉。
高考英语试卷用词特点分析
1132020年22期总第514期ENGLISH ON CAMPUS高考英语试卷用词特点分析文/谢应江一、 高考英语试卷中转化词汇(构词法知识的转化法)的运用英语单词由一种词性转化为另一种或另几种词性而词汇形式不变的方法叫作转化法,由转化法构成的词汇,叫转化词汇。
转化词汇是高考试卷常见的词汇。
高考英语试卷的这一用词特点要求学生根据上下文来理解这些词意,考查学生在实际语言环境中理解词意的能力。
如:2019年高考I卷D短文中的句子。
对高考英语试卷中的长难句进行分析是教师和学生普遍关心的重要问题,但他们往往对高考英语试卷中出现的词汇特点关注得较少。
普通高中英语课程标准要求在高中阶段,学生应会“运用构词法知识,扩大词汇量,结合各种主题语境,积累词块”。
考纲也要求试卷应有一定的词汇量,且应尽量避免出现高中阶段未学过的生词和汉语注释。
因此,高考英语试卷在词汇选择上,呈现偏重构词法知识用词的特点。
具体来说,高考英语试卷的用词特点,主要体现在以下几个方面:【摘要】每年高考英语试卷公布后,都会出现很多对英语试卷分析的文章;但针对高考英语试卷所选材料的用词特点进行分析的文章相对较少。
本文对高考英语试卷的用词特点及体现普通高中英语课程标准要求的构词法知识进行分析,期望通过分析,总结高考英语试卷的用词特点,引起中学一线教师在日常教学中对英语构词法的重视,引导中学生注重对英语常用构词法的学习。
【关键词】构词法;高考英语;高中教学【作者简介】谢应江,河南省商城高级中学。
学习和理解词汇。
例如,仁爱版初中英语八年级上册“Keeping healthy”课程的主题是如何保持健康,教学中需要让学生掌握有关常见病的词汇,如toothache(牙痛)、backache(背痛)、fever(发烧)、cough(咳嗽)、headache(头痛)、stomachache(胃痛)等。
这些是生活中常见的病症,教师可以以此作为主题,制作相应的微课视频,通过动态化展示帮助学生掌握英语词汇,同时,让学生以“What’s wrong with you?”为主题开展相应的对话活动,通过相互之间的询问,掌握疾病描述方式,以及给予征求人意见和建议的表达方式等。
高考英语常考点:构词法
carpenter木匠
zoo-keeper动物园饲养员
以-ar结尾的
lie说谎→
beg恳求;乞讨→
liar说谎的人
beggar乞丐
表示人的后缀-or
act 行动; 表演
actor男演员
collect收集
collector收藏家; 收集器
conduct指导, 指挥 conductor列车员; 乐队指挥
sail航行;驾船 sailor水手;海员
translate翻译
translator翻译家;译者
visit参观;访问 visitor来访者;观光者
不成对的以-or结尾表示人的名词
monitor班长
professor教授
tutor家庭教师
doctor医生; 博士
author 作者;作家 bachelor单身汉; 学士
去e加-ist
cycle自行车;循环 cyclist骑自行车的人
type打(字),种类
typist打字员
特殊变化
physics物理(学)
physicist物理学家
chemistry化学
chemist化学家;药剂师
science科学
scientist科学家
socialism社会主义 socialist社会主义者
inquiry-based探究式的
名词+v. -ed
fun-filled 充满乐趣的 man-made人造的
heartbroken悲伤的
custom-made定制的
strong-minded意志坚强的
absent-minded心不在焉的 形容词+v. -ed electric-powered电动的
高中英语 高考真题中的构词法与巩固练习
高考真题中的构词法与巩固练习英语中常见的构词法有派生法(Derivation)、合成法(Compounding)和转化法(Conversion)三大类。
在每年的高考英语试题中,都会出现大量的派生词、合成词和转化词,而这些词很有可能会影响学生的阅读速度和精准度。
一、派生词全国I卷ensure (en- + sure) v确保;保证en-:使(make)additional (addition + -al) adj额外的-al:……的(of)familiarity (familiar + -ity) n熟悉;亲近-ity:表示具有某种特征的状态(the condition)transformative (transform + -ive) adj革命性的;变革的-ive:具有……性质的(having the quality of ~ing)physically (physical + -ly) adv 身体上approximately (approximate + -ly) adv大约uncommon (un- + common) adj不常有的;罕见的un-:不(not)employee (employ + -ee) n受雇者;雇员-ee:被……者(a person who is ~ed)harmful (harm + -ful) adj有害的-ful:易于……的(having the tendency of)treatment (treat + -ment) n处理;治疗-ment:……的行为(the act of ~ing)empower (em- + power) v授权;使能够em- (=en-):使(make)apparently (apparent + -ly) adv显然地merely (mere + -ly) adv仅仅;只不过absolutely (absolute + -ly) adv绝对地;完全地unreasonable (un- + reasonable) adj不合理的un-:不(not)repeatedly (repeated + -ly) adv重复地;再三地temporarily (temporary + -ly) adv暂时地casually (casual + -ly) adv偶然地;随意地extremely (extreme + -ly) adv极其;非常全国II卷inspirational (inspiration + -al) adj启发灵感的-al:有……性质的(having the nature of)psychologist (psychology + -ist) n心理学家-ist:从事……的专家predictor (predict + -or) n有预测作用的事物-or:……物(a thing that ~s)developmental (development + -al) adj发展的-al:……的(of)environmentalist (environmental + -ist) n环保主义者-ist:……主义者ecologist (ecology + -ist) n生态学家ecosystem (eco- + system) n生态系统eco-:生态(abstracted from “ecology”)biologist (biology + -ist) n生物学家risky (risk + -y) adj冒险的-y:有……特征的(characterized by)wonderment (wonder + -ment) n 惊奇;惊喜-ment:the state of ~ing(……的状况)excitement (excite + -ment) n 激动;兴奋-ment:the state of ~ing(……的状况)novelist (novel + -ist) n 小说家announcement (announce + -ment) n 宣布;宣告-ment:the act of ~ing(……的行为)uneasy (un- + easy) adj 不自在的;忧虑的-un:不(not)soften (soft + -en) v使变温和-en:使(cause to be)enable (en- + able) v使能够en-:使(make)conversational (conversation + -al) adj交谈的;谈话的-al:……的(of)certainly (certain + -ly) adv必然;肯定地renewal (renew + -al) n恢复;更新-al:……行为(the act of ~ing)surely (sure + -ly) adv一定;必定;想必全国III卷tasty (taste + -y) adj 美味的-y:有……特征的(characterized by)enrich (en- + rich) v丰富en-:使(make)treasury (treasure + -y) n宝库exceptional (exception + -al) adj非凡的multigenerational (multi- + generation + -al) adj多代的multi-:多的(many)traditionally (traditional + -ly) adv历来coastal (coast + -al) adj近海的;沿海的characteristic (character + -istic) n特征;特色;特点registry (register + -y) n登记处unpack (un- + pack) v打开(盒子、包或手提箱等)取出(物品)un-:取走(to remove)speechless (speech + -less) adj 说不出话的-less:无(without)milky (milk + -y) adj 奶制的;像奶的-y:多……的(full of)gently (gentle + -ly) adj 温柔地;温和地effectiveness (effective + -ness) n有效性-ness:……的性质或状态(the quality or condition of being)guidance (guide + -ance) n指导;引导-ance:……的行为(the act of ~ing)popularity (popular + -ity) n受欢迎;普及;流行-ity:……的状态(the condition of)浙江卷meaningful (meaning + -ful) adj有意义的-ful:充满……的(full of)widen (wide + -en) v(使)变宽-en:使(cause to be)analytical (analytic + -al) adj分析的managerial (manager + -ial) adj管理的multitasking (multi- + task + -ing) n同时做几件事情multi-:多的(many)environmental (environment + -al) adj环境的;环保的loneliness (lonely + -ness) n孤独-ness:……的性质或状态(the quality or condition of being)helpful (help + -ful) adj有帮助的;有益的-ful:充满……的(full of)colorful (color + -ful) adj颜色鲜艳的;五彩缤纷的-ful:充满……的(full of)machinery (machine + -ery) n机器;机械-ery:……的群体或集体(a group of ~s)山东卷disqualification (dis- + qualify + -tion) n取消资格dis-:取消(undo)warmth (warm + -th) n温暖;热情-th:……的性质或状态(the quality or condition of being)architectural (architecture + -al) adj建筑学的;建筑方面的sadden (sad + -en) v使悲哀;使悲痛-en:使(cause to be)reportage (report + -age) n事件报道-age:……行为(the act or of ~ing)eventful (event + -ful) adj多事故的;经历丰富的-ful:充满……的(full of)viewership (viewer + -ship) n(电视节目或频道的)观众人数;观众类型-ship:……的数量(the number of ~s)significantly (significant + -ly) adv显著地;明显地extremely (extreme + -ly) adv非常;极其overweight (over- + weight) adj超重的over-:过多(too much)earthen (earth + -en) adj陶制的-en:由……制成的(be made of)二、合成词全国I卷timetable (time + table) n时刻表wheelchair (wheel + chair) n轮椅workplace (work + place) n工作场所houseplant (house + plant) n室内盆栽植物groundwater (ground + water) n地下水lifetime (life + time) n 一生;终生daylight (day + light) n日光highway (high + way) 公路;大道onboard (on + board) adj在船(或飞机、车)上的全国II卷award-winning (award + winning) adj获奖的parkland (park + land) n(如乡村大宅院周围的)有草木的开阔地fine art (fine + art) n 美术(尤指绘画和雕塑)math-related (math + related) adj与数学相关的high-income (high + income) adj高收入的self-control (self + control) n 自制力showcase (show + case) v展示guilt-free (guilt + free) adj没有负罪感的wetland (wet + land) n湿地;沼泽outcome (out + come) n结果全国III卷footstep (foot + step) n脚步声;足迹waterway (water + way) n水路;航道in-depth (in + depth) adj彻底的;渗入详尽的underground (under + ground) adj地下的fur-coat-wearing (fur + coat + wearing) adj穿毛皮大衣的full-body (full + body) adj 全身的filmmaker (film + maker) n电影制作人realistic-looking (realistic + looking) adj逼真的off-set (off + set) adj在拍摄场外的doorway (door + way) n门口;门道mother-in-law (mother + in + law) n岳母;婆婆standpoint (stand + point) n观点;立场household (house + hold) n一家人;家庭carefree (care + free) adj 无忧无虑的;无牵挂的;无责任的highland (high + land) n高地;高原houseboat (house + boat) n船屋shellfish (shell + fish) n(尤指可以吃的)水生有壳动物underwater (under + water) adv 在水下;在水中housewarming (house + warming) n乔迁聚会firewood (fire + wood) n柴火;木柴businesswoman (business + woman) n女商人;女企业家handbag (hand + bag) n手提包shopkeeper (shop + keeper) n店主salesperson (sale + person) n售货员lifelike (life + like) adj 逼真的;生动的;栩栩如生的masterpiece (master + piece) n杰作;名著;代表作waterfall (water + fall) n瀑布浙江卷playgoer (play + goer) n经常去戏院看戏的人;爱看戏的人play-reader (play + reader) n(为出版商、演出人或剧团等阅读并评价剧本的)剧本读评人houselight (house + light) n 剧院灯光cure-all (cure + all) n 万灵药;灵丹妙药overall (over + all) adj全面的teamwork (team + work) n 协作;配合decision-making (decision + making) n决策high-level (high + level) adj高级的babysit (baby + sit) v代人临时照看小孩cardboard (card + board) n硬纸板leftover (left + over) adj剩余的lifelong (life + long) adj终身的;毕生的motorway (motor + way) n高速公路山东卷round-trip (round + trip) adj 来回旅程的willpower (will + power) n 意志力first-generation (first + generation) adj第一代的well-rounded (well + rounded) adj全面的intake(in + take) n(食物等的)摄取量undergraduate (under + graduate) n本科生daytime(day + time) n白天rainwater (rain + water) n雨水naturally-grown(naturally + grown) adj 自然生长的postcard (post + card) n 明信片三、转化词全国I卷However, race walking does not pound the body as much as running does.pound v [名词动词化] 连续重击We’re thinking about how we can engineer plants to replace functions of the things that we use every day.engineer v [名词动词化] 改变(动植物等的)基因结构The technology, Strano said, could one day be used to light the rooms.light v [名词动词化] 照亮全国II卷It was a special time to bond with my children.bond v [名词动词化](与某人)培养一种特殊的关系Frequent them and talk about them when you can.frequent v [形容词动词化] 常去;常到The plum trees are the first to flower even as the snow is melting.flower v [名词动词化] 开花全国III卷Discover the China of “past ages,” its walled cities, temples and mountain scenery with Prof. Robert Thorp.wall v [名词动词化] 用墙把……围住The creative team ... and later processes it with computer graphics to create a final image(图像).process v [名词动词化] 处理And there are questions about the films ... are not monitored as closely as productions filmed in the States.film v [名词动词化](把……)拍成电影The Bajau, as these people are known, number in the hundreds of thousands in Indonesia, Malaysia and the Philippines.number v [名词动词化] 总计They made a living as divers, spearfishing or harvesting shellfish.harvest v [名词动词化] 捕猎(动物、鱼等)浙江卷To get the most out of reading these plays, try to picture the play on stage.picture v [名词动词化] 想象;设想Challenging work that requires ... might help your brain stay sharp as you age.age v [名词动词化] 变老My brother, of course, raced off to be with his friends, while I had plenty to do myself.race v [名词动词化] 快速移动They’re all memories I treasure today.treasure v [名词动词化] 珍惜;珍视I’ve been farming sheep on a hillside for 54 years.farm v [名词动词化] 饲养山东卷Watering young plants in the dry season was tough for a lone boy.water v [名词动词化] 给(植物)浇水如果你还不满足于只学不练,别着急,小编为你量身打造了检测小卷,希望你能小试身手,一气呵成。
活用构词法,巧解高考题
活用构词法,巧解高考题在我们高三复习当中,不少同学专注于对词汇的反复记忆。
殊不知,通过构词法来掌握单词的变化规律,可以帮助我们在考试中有效减少“拦路虎”,提高正确率。
笔者在此结合构词法的基本规则,来和大家谈谈“构词法”在考试当中究竟可以发挥怎样的神奇效力。
英语的构词法主要有三种:1. 合成。
由两个或两个以上的词合成一个词。
最常见的合成词为合成名词、合成形容词,还有合成副词、合成动词、合成代词等。
如:headmaster,passer-by,warm-hearted,well-known。
2. 派生。
通过加前缀或后缀变成另一个词。
如:supermarket,misunderstand,importance,unbelievable。
3. 转化。
由一种词性转化为另一种词性。
如:can n. 罐头→can v. 把……装成罐头;empty adj. 空的→empty v. 倒出,空出;fool n. 傻子→fool v. 愚弄。
构词法在各大题型中的应用:[语法填空]在高考试题当中,针对构词法的考查主要体现在语法填空和完形填空中。
语法填空主要考查形容词、副词、动词和名词相互之间的词形变化。
如:1. 形容词→副词例1 (2014新课标Ⅰ卷) The river was so polluted that it 62 (actual) caught fire and burdened.例2 (2014新课标Ⅱ卷) Everyone on the bus began talking about what the boy had done, and the crowd of strangers 50 (sudden) became friendly to one another.例3 (2015新课标Ⅱ卷)Walls made of adobe take in the heat from the sun on hot days and give out that heat 65 (slow)during cool nights, thus warning the house.解析actually;suddenly;slowly。
高考英语阅读理解对构词法的考查及培养--以2019年高考全国I卷为例
GUAN GDONG JIAO YU GAO ZHONG广东教育·高中2019年第7·8期正确有效的简单句式和个别复合句;2.加强基础词汇的拼写,尤其是与学生日常生活息息相关的词汇;3.不同文体使用不同关联词,进行有针对性的不间断的练习,并给予及时的指导。
对基础良好的学生:1.培养学生主动运用复杂句式结构的意识和能力;2.加强高级词汇的学习和运用;3.学习一些基本的英语修辞格式,并进行适当练习;4.注意细节,尽可能的减少作文中的错误,包括拼写和标点符号。
(九)针对训练今年高考英语作文命题可谓中规中矩,只要考前专门训练过“申请信”的写法,这篇作文应该可以轻松写完无压力。
高考是大规模标准化考试,各个题型都有明确、清晰的命题标准,如书信作文常考的无非申请、建议、感谢、道歉、告知、邀请、求助、咨询等十几种,特别要积累能体现立德树人、传播中国传统文化方面的素材。
只要在备考中紧扣考试说明、精研历年真题,掌握题目背后的方法和考点,就一定能在考试中顺利胜出!责任编辑蒋小青一、引言根据2017年新课标的要求,高中生在必修阶段应“了解词汇的词根、词缀,掌握词性变化规律,并用于理解和表达有关主题的信息和观点”;在选择性必修阶段,应“在语境中,理解具体词语的功能、词义的内涵和外延以及使用者的意图和态度等”;在选修阶段,应“运用构词法知识,扩大词汇量,结合各种主题语境,积累词块,深度学习词语,在表达各种信息时提高词语使用的准确性和丰富性”。
在2019年高考英语全国Ⅰ卷阅读理解中,多层次、多维度地体现了英语构词法的考查,对学生掌握构词法的要求明显高于往年。
二、2019年高考英语全国Ⅰ卷阅读理解对构词法的考查1.考查概述构词法指的是由两个以上的语素组合成词的方式。
派生法(Derivation )、复合法(Compound )、转换法(Conversion )和缩略法(Abbreviation )是组成语言构词方式的主要形式。
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4. 2014北京春季会考 A bit taken aback, I replied. "Yes." She asked me to wait 44 , and came back carrying a four-inch plate filled with different cookies and chocolates! My first expression was a big smile. "That's a lot," I said, a bit surprised. She smiled and told me that she made eighty to ninety of these plates every year, to 45 to friends and others. 45. A. return B. gift C. sell D. show 赠品,礼物;天赋;天资;赠送
I had no words or thoughts in my brain. Finally, I asked if I could hug her. We hugged, wishing each other a happy and healthy holiday season. Then, as 深(度); (感情的)深厚,强烈情绪 结束;(联系、旅行等的 )一端,一方,一头 we 46 , I felt as if I had met a new friend with whom I 47 the gift of a smile and some happiness. There is a(n) 48 to the joy of giving and receiving. From either 49 , both the giver and receiver are always happy 50 . 46. A. concluded B. communicated C. realized D. parted 部分;零件;作用;角色;分开;分离 47. A. exchanged B. shared C. compared D. presented 交换;交易;互换 48. A. attitude B. limit C. depth D. belief 49. A. level B. end C. step D. point
7. fitting-in 2014北京 :适应;能和同事、同学或朋友打成一片 The fitting-in of Suzy Khan The first time I saw Suzy Khan, I knew I had to help her. She was really small for her age of 12. The boys in my class often 36 about her and laughed their heads off. She would open a book, pretending to read, with tears dropping on the open page. 36. A. joked B. cared C. forgot D. worried joke n. 笑话,玩笑; 笑柄,笑料; v.开玩笑; 戏弄; 闹着玩s a small boy in ragged clothes. I had oftenwondered -- 38- what kind of home life David had and what kind of mother could send her son to school inappropriately dressed so --39- for the cold winter months, without a coat, boots, or gloves. But something made special David --40 -. I can still remember he was always 41 a smile and willing to help. He alwaysstayed -42-after school to straighten chairs and mop the floor . We never talked much, he would -43- just simply smile and ask what else he could do, then thank me for letting him stay and slowly 44 home. 穿着,戴着 ; ; head: 上端 ; 头脑 41. A. expressing B. delivering 流露,面带 ; 首脑 ; C. wearing D. sharing 留着(胡须 ); 居 …之首;掌管 ; 44. A. aim at B. turn to 磨损 C. put off D. head for 朝 …行进;
(有了其他食品文化的启发,美国饮食文 使)转动;使变换;翻转;(路线或方向的)改 变 化可以变得更好。 ;机会; (时局或趋势的)转变,变化
6. 2012全国卷2 The Harry Potter books are quite popular; they are in great ___ in this city. A. quality B. progress C. production D. demand 7. 2015浙江 Studies have shown that the right and left ear ______sound differently. A. produce B. pronounce C. process D. ; 要求;盘问;需求 download 需要 过程; 工序; 做事方法;处理; 加工 8. 2015湖北In order not to be heard, she pointed her finger upwards to ____ that someone was moving about upstairs. A. whisper B. signal C. declare D. complain 信号;用动作(手势)示意; 以信号告知
shelter 本意:居所,住处,遮蔽物,庇护处 narrow adj. 狭窄的; vt. 限制,限定; 变窄 ;缩小; n. 海峡;转化为:保护,庇护 狭路
3. 2011四川: Always remember to put such offer v.提供;给予 n. 提供(物);给予(物); dangerous things as knives out of children’s . 提议 ; (买方的)报价 ;录取 (用)通知 A. touch B. sight C. reach D. distance out of touch不联系,不接触;out of sight 看不见, 在视野 之外; out of reach 手够不着 达不到; 4. 2012 江苏 - Can I help, you with out it? of distance远 离 away your -I =far appreciate , but I can manage it myself. reach v. 到达; 够…n. 手脚能够到的范围; 范围,区域 A. advice B. question C. offer D. idea 5. 2013江苏 With inspiration from other food cultures, American food culture can take a for the better. A. share B. chance C. turn D. lead
2. 2015北京
A Welcome Gift
Finally, the day of the party arrived 46 . Some guests brought presents. Others brought flowers. Some even brought desserts to share 47 . One woman, Mrs. Gilbert, 48 Dario’s mother with a book of piano music by Chopin. 48. A. treated B. presented C. helped D. served
二,在完形填空中的考查
1. 2013北京完形 To perfect her skills, Lola 36 for four hours a day, five days a week. A. runs B. teaches C. trains D. dances 又如:Once you have an audience laughing it ’s hard to get them to switch to an entirely different train of thought. 火车; 行列; 一系列相关的事情;训练; 培养 a train of一连串的,一系列的
5. 2014天津 During my fourth-grade Christmas
break, we flew to Rio to visit her. Looking at her large empty 23 apartment, I became aware 24 of how lonely my mother must have been in Brazil herself. It was then that 25 I started to appreciate the tough choices she had to make on 26 family and work. Faced 27withdifficult decisions, she used to tell me, you wouldn’t know whether you made the right choice, but you could always make the best out of the situation, with passion and a positive 28 attitude. 26. A. abandoning B. balancing C. comparing D. mixing 天平;平衡;权衡