高三英语四种构词法

后缀
-ful
-ian
名
-ist -ism
-ment
-ness
-ship
词 -tion
-ure
例词
armful, handful, mouthful Egyptian, Russian, Asian, musician artist, pianist, communist, scientist socialism, realism, idealism government, movement, development business, illness, darkness friendship, ownership invention, liberation, education departure, failure, exposure
2. 表示空间位置，方向关系的前缀
5) out-, 表示“在上面，在外部，在外” outline, outside, outward
6) over-, 表示“在上面，在外部，向上” overlook, overhead, overboard
7) extra-, 表示“额外” extraction （提取） 8) fore- 表示“在前面” forehead, foreground 9) in-, im-, 表示“向内，在内，背于”
名
-al -an
-cy
-er
-or
词 -ese
-ee
-eer
-ery
-ess
例词
inability, available leakage, shortage renewal, withdrawal American, Korean privacy, accuracy farmer, thinker, painkiller actor, sailor, collector Chinese, Japanese, Portuguese employee, trustee, interviewee engineer, profiteer machinery, jewellery actress, waitress, empress
二、转化:
由一种词性转化为另一种或几种词性.
(1) 动词 名词: taste (v.) taste (n.)
It tastes good.
It has a good taste. (2) 名词 动词: hand (n.)
hand (v.)
Let’s go hand in hand.
Please hand in your exercise books after class. (3) 形容词 动词: clean (adj.) clean (v.)
一、合成
2. 合成动词: 副词+动词 overthrow uphold 形容词+动词 blacklist whitewash 名词+动词 sleepwalk sunburn
3. 合成形容词: 名词+形容词 snow-white lifelong 名词+过去分词 man-made hand made 数词+名词 one-way second-hand …….
impossible, immoral, irregular mis- misunderstand mislead non- nonsense un- unable, unemploBiblioteka Baidument anti-, ant- antiknock( 防震), antiforeigner,(排外的)
2. 表示空间位置，方向关系的前缀
• 不断记忆，积累词汇 • 夯实基础，学好语法 • 大声朗读，培养语感 • 坚持不懈，多做练习
Practice Makes Perfect!
inland, invade, inside, import
10) under-, 表示“在…..下面，下的” underline, underground, underwater
11) up-, 表示“向上，向上面，在上” upward, uphold, uphill(上坡)
3.表示其他意义的前缀:
1) a- 表示“在……之上”，“向……” aboard, aside,
2) by- 表示“附近，邻近，边侧” bypath, bypass(弯路)
3) inter-, intel-, 表示“在……间，相互” international, interaction, internet
4) mid-, 表示“中，中间” midnight, mid-autumn
词 -down
face-down, palm-down(手掌向下地)
-ward(s) towards, forward, outward
后缀
数 -teen 词 -ty
-th
例词
fourteen, fifteen, eighteen forty, fifty, eighty fourth, fifth, eighth
高三英语 构词法
合成法(Compounding)
构词法
派生法（Derivation） 转化法（Conversion）
缩略法（Abbreviation）
一、合成
由两个或更多的词合成一个词，有的用连词符号“-” 连接，有的直接连写在一起，还有的由分开的两个 词构成。
1.合成名词 名词+名词 cowboy newspaper 名词+ing handwriting sunbathing ing+名词 waiting-room sleeping-pill 形容词+名词 blackboard shorthand ……
Her room is clean and tidy.
She cleans her room everyday.
三、派生：
由一个词根加上前缀 或后缀构成另外一个词。
1.表示否定意义的前缀
dis- dishonest, dislike in-, ig-, il, im, ir, incapable, inability, ignoble, illegal,
1．re--“又\,再” repeat, review, return, reunite, remarry 2. co—“联合，伴同” cooperate, coexist, co-worker 3. super—“在…上；加之” superman, supermarket
后缀
-ability
-age
后缀
- able -al -an
形 -ern 容 -est 词 -ful
-ish -ive -y -less -some
例词
advisable, admirable, comfortable physical, national, political American, Italian, Australian southern, northern, eastern fattest, latest, luckiest helpful, useful, careful British, English, foolish, childish active, instructive, expensive cloudy, windy, dirty, sunny careless, useless troublesome, tiresome
后缀
-(e)n
动 -fy
词
-ize -ate
例词
widen, strengthen, lengthen simplify, beautify apologize, organize, realize activate, motivate
后缀
例词
副 -ly
really, badly, perfectly, truly