初中语法专题---定语从句
初中英语定语从句知识点总结
初中英语定语从句知识点总结一、定语从句的定义定语从句是英语语法中的重要组成部分,它是一个句子作为定语修饰一个名词或代词的成分。
定语从句通常用于描述、限制被修饰的名词或代词,进一步说明该词的用途、性质、特征等。
二、定语从句的分类根据定语从句与被修饰词的关系,可以分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。
限制性定语从句对被修饰词的内涵进行限制,没有它则意思不完整;非限制性定语从句是对被修饰词的补充说明,起到一种附加说明的作用,如果去掉,意思仍然完整。
三、定语从句的关系词关系词是连接定语从句和主句的纽带,关系词包括that、which、who、whom、as等。
它们在定语从句中充当一定的成分,并且可以替代先行词。
1. that:既可以作为关系代词,也可以作为副词。
在从句中作主语、宾语或表语,指人或事物。
作主语时,谓语动词为人称代词,如:The girl that I like is standing over there.(我喜欢的女孩正在那站着。
)作宾语时,可省略。
作表语时,多用于there be结构之后。
2. which:作为关系代词,在定语从句中作主语或宾语,指物。
可以引导限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。
如:This is the book which I bought yesterday.(这就是我昨天买的书。
)3. who/whom:作为关系代词,在定语从句中作主语或宾语。
指人。
who在从句中做主语,whom在从句中做宾语。
如:The teacher who is standing there is my English teacher.(站在那的老师是我的英语老师。
)4. as:作为关系代词,在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语,既可指人也可指物。
例如:He is an artist as we all know.(他是一位我们大家都知道的艺术家。
)四、定语从句的用法1. 限制性定语从句通常紧跟在被修饰词之后,有逗号隔开。
初中定语从句语法讲解
初中定语从句语法讲解初中定语从句是指在句子中用来修饰名词或代词的从句。
定语从句通常由关系代词(如who, whom, whose, which, that)或关系副词(如when, where, why)引导,它们在从句中充当名词的成分。
下面是对初中定语从句的语法讲解。
一、关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词who, whom, whose, which, that引导的定语从句分别修饰人或物,并在从句中充当主语、宾语、定语或表语的成分。
1. 关系代词who/whomwho用来指人,在定语从句中作主语;whom用来指人,在定语从句中作宾语。
例句:- I have a friend who is a doctor.(我有一个朋友是医生。
)- The man whom we met yesterday is my father's friend.(我们昨天遇到的那个人是我爸爸的朋友。
)2. 关系代词whosewhose用来指人或物,在定语从句中作定语,表示所属关系。
例句:- This is the girl whose bag was stolen.(这是那个被偷包的女孩。
)- The house whose roof is red is mine.(那座屋顶是红色的房子是我的。
)3. 关系代词whichwhich用来指物,在定语从句中作主语、宾语或定语。
例句:- I bought a book which is very interesting.(我买了一本很有趣的书。
)- The pen which I lost was a gift from my friend.(我丢失的那支笔是我朋友送的礼物。
)4. 关系代词thatthat用来指人或物,在定语从句中作主语、宾语或定语。
that可以用来替代who, whom, which。
例句:- The girl that is wearing a red dress is my sister.(穿红裙子的那个女孩是我妹妹。
(完整版)定语从句讲解
1一、定语从句概述定语可以由形容词、名词、代词、数词、分词、副词、不定式以及介词短语 等来担任,也可以由一个句子来担任。
在句子中起定语作用的从句称为定语 从句。
定语从句在句中的作用相当于形容词,故又称为形容词性从句。
被定 语从句修饰的名词叫先行词,引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
二 关系词的用法。
关系词可分为关系代词和关系副词。
关系词指代先行词,放在先行词与 定语从句之间起连接作用,同时又充当定语从句中的某一种成分(主语、宾 语、状语等)。
引导定语从句的关系代词有"at ,who ,whom ,whose ,which;关系副词有 when ,where ,why 等。
关系词在句子中的指代作用及成分如下表 1.关系代词的用法(1) who, whom 的用法二者都用于指人。
who 在定语从句中作主语、宾语;whom 在定语从句中 作宾语。
在现代英语里,有时who 也可代替whom 在从句中作宾语。
作 宾语的关系代词who ,whom 可以省略(介词后作宾语的关系代词除外)。
She was the one who did most of the talking 。
大部分时间都是她在说话。
(作主语) The boy who I know studies best in his class.我认识的那个男孩在班上学习最好。
(作宾语)I happened to meet the professor (who/whom) I got to know at a party. 我碰巧遇见了那位在一次聚会上认识的教授。
(作宾语,whom 可用who 代替) whom 在从句中作介词的宾语,且介词提到whom 前面时,不能用who 代替。
Yesterday I came across a few friends with whom I went to the park .昨天 我碰见了几个朋友,我和他们一起去了公园。
初中定语从句语法讲解完整版
初中定语从句语法讲解完整版•定语从句基本概念•关系代词引导定语从句目录•关系副词引导定语从句•介词+关系词引导定语从句•特殊类型定语从句•定语从句在句子中成分和位置•总结回顾与拓展延伸01定语从句基本概念定义与作用定义定语从句是对名词或代词进行修饰、限定的从句,其作用是提供更多关于所修饰词的信息。
作用使句子表达更具体、生动,有助于读者或听者更准确地理解所表达的内容。
前置定语通常将定语从句放在被修饰词的前面,如“漂亮的花园”中,“漂亮的”就是前置定语。
将定语从句放在被修饰词的后面,用逗号隔开,如“花园,漂亮的”中,“漂亮的”就是后置定语。
对被修饰词进行必要的限定,使句子意思更明确,如“我喜欢那本红色的书”中,“红色的”就是限定性定语从句。
对被修饰词进行补充说明,去掉后不影响句子意思的完整性,如“我昨天买了本书,它是关于历史的”中,“它是关于历史的”就是非限定性定语从句。
后置定语限定性定语从句非限定性定语从句结构形式与其他从句区别与名词性从句区别名词性从句在句子中充当主语、宾语等成分,而定语从句则充当定语成分,修饰名词或代词。
与状语从句区别状语从句表达主句动作发生的时间、条件、原因等背景信息,而定语从句则对名词或代词进行修饰、限定。
与同位语从句区别同位语从句对前面的名词进行解释说明,两者处于同等地位;而定语从句则对前面的名词进行修饰、限定,处于从属地位。
02关系代词引导定语从句关系代词种类及用法关系代词种类常见的关系代词有who,whom,whose,that,which,as等。
用法关系代词在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、定语等,连接先行词和从句,起到桥梁作用。
限制性定语从句中关系代词省略情况省略条件在限制性定语从句中,当关系代词在从句中充当宾语时,可以省略。
示例The book (that) I borrowed from the library is veryinteresting. 我从图书馆借的那本书很有趣。
初中英语语法之定语从句
初中英语语法之定语从句一、定语从句的概念在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词,引导定语从句的词叫关系词,定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。
二、引导定语从句的关系词引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词,常见的关系代词包括that, which, who(宾格whom,所有格whose)等,关系副词包括where, when, why等。
关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用,同时又作定语从句的重要成分。
三、定语从句的分类根据定语从句与先行词的关系,定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。
限制性定语从句紧跟先行词,主句与从句不用逗号分开,从句不可省去。
非限制性定语从句与主句之间有逗号分开,起补充说明作用,如省去,意思仍完整。
四、关系代词的用法1. that 既可以用于指人,也可以用于指物。
在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。
作主语时不可省略,作宾语可省略。
例如:Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。
(that作主语)The coat (that) I put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。
(that作宾语)2.which用于指物,在句中作主语、宾语或表语。
作主语不可省略,作宾语可省略。
例如:The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。
(作主语)The film (which) we saw last night was wonderful.我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。
(作宾语)3.who, whom用于指人,who 用作主语,whom用作宾语。
在口语中,有时可用who代替whom。
who和whom作宾语时也可省略。
例如:The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。
初中英语语法——定语从句用法总结归纳
初中英语语法——定语从句用法总结归纳定语从句是一种引导句,用来修饰主句中的其中一元素,它可以放在
句子的末尾也可以放在句子的中间,它可以表示人或物的属性、行为,也
可以表示特定的时间、地点,其可以紧挨主语或主句元素。
关于定语从句
用法,可以总结如下:
一、定语从句的关系词
1. 一般情况下,用that 或which来引导定语从句。
2. 当定语从句修饰人的时候,用who或whom来代替that或which。
二、定语从句的排列方式
1.无论是放在句首、句中还是句末,定语从句的顺序是:关系词+主
语+谓语+其他成分。
2.在句尾,定语从句可以省略关系词,但同时必须有清楚的上下文逻
辑关系,以保证语意的正确表达。
三、定语从句使用的特殊情况
1. 当定语从句改变主句的主语时,要使用as 引导定语从句。
2. 当定语从句修饰不明确的物体时,可以用whatever, whichever, who或whom来引导定语从句。
3. 当定语从句的内容被省略时,可以用all, some, any, none, little, few, much, many等来引导定语从句。
初中英语知识点归纳定语从句的种类及用法
初中英语知识点归纳定语从句的种类及用法定语从句是英语语法中的一个重要部分,它用来修饰名词或者代词。
在初中英语中,掌握定语从句的种类及用法对于提高语言表达能力具有重要意义。
本文将对初中英语中定语从句的种类及用法进行归纳总结。
一、限制性定语从句限制性定语从句用来对被修饰的名词进行进一步的限制和说明,如果去掉限制性定语从句,句子的意思就会发生改变。
1.关系代词引导的限制性定语从句关系代词who, whom, whose, which和that可以引导限制性定语从句。
例如:The girl who is standing over there is my sister.(那个站在那儿的女孩是我的妹妹。
)The book that I bought yesterday is very interesting.(我昨天买的那本书非常有趣。
)2.关系副词引导的限制性定语从句关系副词where, when, why可以引导限制性定语从句。
例如:This is the school where I study.(这是我上学的学校。
)I still remember the day when we met for the first time.(我仍然记得我们第一次见面的那一天。
)二、非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句用来对被修饰的名词进行补充说明,如果去掉非限制性定语从句,句子的意思仍然完整。
1.关系代词引导的非限制性定语从句关系代词who, whom, whose, which和that可以引导非限制性定语从句。
与限制性定语从句不同的是,非限制性定语从句之后要用逗号与主句分开。
例如:Tom, who is my best friend, is very good at playing basketball.(汤姆,他是我的最好的朋友,非常擅长打篮球。
)This is my car, which was a gift from my parents.(这是我父母送给我的车。
初中·定语从句详细讲解
定语从句定语从句是一个重点语法项目,而且也是各种考试中考查的重点,要牢固掌握好关系代词和关系副词的基本用法及特殊用法,并且学会利用相关知识来作出判断,准确解答相关试题。
知识详单何为定语从句:在复合句中充当定语的从句叫定语从句。
定语从句的作用相当于形容词,用来修饰主句中的某一名词、代词或整个主句。
先行词:被定语从句修饰的词,定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。
关系词:在先行词和定语从句之间起连接作用的词叫关系词。
关系词有关系代词和关系副词两种。
知识点1关系词知识点2关系代词的用法知识点3关系副词的用法知识点4定语从句的注意事项考点突破考点1 考察关系代词的用法1.(哈尔滨中考)Everyone has his aim in life. However, you can't get fat on one mouthful. Start with the easiest thing______ you can controlA. whoB. thatC. which【解析】选B。
先行词thing是物,且由最高级修饰,关系代词用that,2.(绥化中考) The story book_________ you lent me is very interesting.A. whichB. itC. what【解析】选A。
先行词为The story book,指物,关系词which在从句中作lent的宾语。
故选A,3.(龙东中考)Shirley is the girl_______ taught me how to use We-chat(微信).A. whomB. whichC. who【解析】选C, the girl作先行词,表示人,关系词在从句中作主语,故关系代词用who,4.(咸宁中考)-Have you seen the documentary named A Bite of China(舌尖上的中国))?-Yeah! It's the most funny one__________ I have ever seen.A. thatB. whatC. whichD. where[解析]选A。
初中定语从句知识点总结
初中定语从句知识点总结一、定语从句的引导词1. that“that” 既可以用来指代人也可以用来指代事物,常用来引导定语从句,作主语或宾语。
例如:The book that I borrowed from the library is very interesting.2. which“which” 只能用来指代事物,常用来引导非限制性定语从句,作主语或宾语。
例如:Tom showed me his new computer, which runs very fast.3. who“who”用来指代人,在定语从句中作主语。
例如:The girl who is singing is my friend.4. whom“whom” 用来指代人,在定语从句中作宾语。
例如:I know the boy whom you met yesterday.5. whose“whose” 用来指示所属关系,常用来引导定语从句,修饰名词。
例如:He met a person whose car was broken down.6. when“when”引导的定语从句,修饰表示时间的名词。
例如:Do you remember the day whenwe first met?7. where“where”引导的定语从句,修饰表示地点的名词。
例如:I know the place where he used to live.8. why“why”引导的定语从句,修饰表示原因的名词。
例如:I don't understand the reason whyhe is so angry.二、定语从句的位置1. 定语从句通常位于被修饰的名词之后,用来对这个名词进行进一步的说明和解释。
例如:The girl who is sitting in the front is my sister.2. 当定语从句中有表示时间,地点,原因等关系的词时,可以用关系副词where、when、why来引导。
初中英语语法专题—定语从句讲解
初中英语语法专题—定语从句讲解一、什么是定语从句?定语从句是用来修饰名词或代词的从句。
它通常紧跟在被修饰的名词或代词后面,并对其进行进一步的说明或限制。
二、引导定语从句的关系词引导定语从句的关系词主要有:that, which, who, whom, whose, when, where等。
- that用于修饰物,常用来引导限制性定语从句;- which用于修饰物,既可以引导限制性定语从句,也可以引导非限制性定语从句;- who用于修饰人,常用来引导限制性定语从句;- whom用于修饰人,在非正式情况下,常省略为who,也可以引导非限制性定语从句;- whose表示所属关系,修饰人或物;- when表示时间,在定语从句中用来引导时间状语从句;- where表示地点,在定语从句中用来引导地点状语从句。
三、定语从句的位置和用法定语从句可以位于句首、句中或句尾,用来修饰名词或代词。
它可以进一步说明名词的性质、特征、来源等。
以下是一些示例:1. The book that you borrowed from me is very interesting.that you borrowed from me is very interesting.你从我这里借的那本书非常有趣。
2. The girl, who is wearing a red dress, is my sister.who is wearinga red dress, is my sister.那个穿红裙子的女孩是我的妹妹。
3. The city where I was born is very beautiful.where I was born is very beautiful.我出生的城市非常美丽。
4. I have a friend whose father is a doctor.whose father is a doctor.我有一个朋友,他的父亲是医生。
初中英语语法大全——定语从句
初中英语语法大全——定语从句一.定语从句的概念、位置及构成1. 定语从句的概念和位置在句子中起定语作用的从句称为定语从句。
定语从句在句子中的作用相当于形容词,故又称为形容词性从句。
eg: Do you know the girl who is singing on the stage? 你认识正在舞台上唱歌的那个女孩吗?eg: This is the museum which was built last year. 这就是去年建成的博物馆。
2. 先行词和关系词被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。
指代先行词,放在先行词和定语从句之间起连接作用,同时又充当定语从句的某一个成分( 主语、宾语、表语、状语等)的词叫关系词。
关系词分为关系代词和关系副词。
引导定语从句的关系代词有that, who, whom, whose, which;关系副词有when, where, why等。
eg: The man who has an umbrella in his hand is my uncle. 手拿雨伞的那个人是我叔叔。
eg: The train which has just left is for Shenzhen. 刚开走的火车是驶往深圳的。
eg: Let's find a place where we can have a picnic. 我们找一个能野餐的地方吧。
3.定语从句的构成eg: He has a car.+ The car has 7 seats.→ He has a car which has 7 seats.他有一辆7座的汽车。
eg: The hotel was very clean. + We stayed there. →The hotel where we stayed was very clean.我们待过的那家宾馆很干净。
二、关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词有that, which,who, whom, whose等,其主要用法见下表:1.that引导的定语从句that既可以指人也可以指物,在定语从句中作主语宾语或表语。
中考定语从句知识点总结
中考定语从句知识点总结一、定语从句的概念定语从句是修饰名词或代词的从句,通常用来说明这个名词或代词的特征、性质、身份、情况等。
定语从句是英语语法中的一个重要知识点,也是中考语法中的重点内容之一。
二、定语从句的分类1. 关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词有:who, whom, whose, which, that 等。
例如:This is the book that I bought yesterday.(这就是我昨天买的书。
)2. 关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词有:when, where, why 等。
例如:Do you still remember the day when we first met?(你还记得我们第一次见面的那一天吗?)三、定语从句的结构关系代词引导的定语从句结构为:关系代词+谓语+其他成分。
例如:The man who is talking with my father is a famous writer.(和我父亲在谈话的那个人是一位著名的作家。
)关系副词引导的定语从句结构为:关系副词+谓语+其他成分。
例如:This is the place where we used to play when we were children.(这就是我们小时候经常玩耍的地方。
)四、定语从句的用法1. 修饰名词或代词定语从句常常用来修饰名词或代词,说明其特征、性质、身份等。
例如:The girl who wears a red dress is my sister.(穿红裙子的那个女孩是我姐姐。
)2. 引导并且限制先行词定语从句常常用来引导并且限制先行词的范围,使其具有特定的指代含义。
例如:I like the book that you lent me.(我喜欢你借给我的那本书。
)3. 用来说明特定情况定语从句还常常用来说明特定情况,以便更准确地描述或说明特定的情况。
例如:Do you know the reason why she left?(你知道她离开的原因吗?)五、定语从句的语法操练1. 先行词定语从句一般都有一个先行词,先行词前后所在的句子中都不可缺少,主要是为了给定语从句找到位置做准备。
(完整word版)初中英语定语从句详解及全部重点练习题。
初中英语定语从句全部详解和专项练习其实在初中英语中让许多人头疼的就是定语从句了。
下面是初中三年的定语从句所有及其练习。
定语从句在句中做定语,修饰一个名词或代词,被修饰的名词词组或代词即先行词。
定语从句通常出现在先行词之后,由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出。
关系代词有:who, whom, whose, that, which等。
关系副词有:when, where, why等。
一.关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词,并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。
关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。
1)who, whom, that这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词,在从句中作主语和宾语。
例如:Is he the man who/that wants to see you?他就是你想见的人吗?(who/that在从句中作主语)He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.他就是我昨天见的那个人。
(whom/that在从句中作宾语)2)whose 用来指人或物,(只用作定语, 若指物,它还可以同of which互换)。
例如:They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.那人车坏了,大家都跑过去帮忙。
Please pass me the book whose (of which)cover is green.请递给我那本绿皮的书。
3)which, that所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语等。
例如:A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。
(which / that在句中作宾语)The package (which / that)you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.你拿的包快散了。
初中英语中的定语从句解析
初中英语中的定语从句解析定语从句是英语语法中的一个重要部分,它在句子中充当定语的作用,用来修饰名词或代词。
在初中英语学习中,定语从句是一个相对复杂的语法结构,需要我们掌握一定的规则和技巧。
一、定语从句的基本结构定语从句由关系代词或关系副词引导,关系代词包括that、which、who、whom、whose,关系副词包括where、when、why。
定语从句的基本结构为:关系代词/关系副词 + 句子。
例如,我们可以说:I have a friend who is a doctor.(我有一个朋友,他是医生。
)这里的“who is a doctor”就是一个定语从句,修饰前面的名词“a friend”。
二、关系代词和关系副词的使用1. 关系代词的使用(1)that:用于修饰人或物,可用于限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。
例如,The book that I borrowed from the library is very interesting.(我从图书馆借的那本书非常有趣。
)(2)which:用于修饰物,可用于限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。
例如,The car which is parked outside is mine.(停在外面的那辆车是我的。
)(3)who:用于修饰人,只能用于非限制性定语从句。
例如,Tom, who is my best friend, is coming to visit me tomorrow.(汤姆,我的最好朋友,明天要来看我。
)(4)whom:用于修饰人,只能用于非限制性定语从句,作为宾语时常常被省略。
例如,The girl whom I met yesterday is a famous singer.(我昨天遇到的那个女孩是一位著名的歌手。
)(5)whose:用于修饰人或物,可用于限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句,表示所属关系。
例如,The boy whose father is a teacher is very smart.(那个父亲是老师的男孩非常聪明。
中考英语语法专项-定语从句
定语从句一、单选题1.(2022·成都)Rome is an ancient city ______ is hill of places of interest.A.where B.which C.who2.(2022·达州)—Do you like the movie ___________is called The Battle at Lake Changjin?—Sure. I think no movie is ___________than it.A.that; more touching B.what; less touchingC.that; more touched D.which; less touched3.(2022·黑龙江龙东地区)We should remember those ________ lost their lives for our country.A.who B.whom C.which4.(2021·呼伦贝尔)—Tom, where do you work?—I work in a shop sells different kinds of vegetables.A.where B.who C.which D.what 5.(2021·乐山)—Do you like the weekly talk show, The Reader, on CCTV?—Sure. It's a great TV programme _________ brings the habit of reading back into the public.A.who B.that C.what6.(2021·安顺)Abing's Erquan Nngyue is a piece of music __________ has become one of China's national treasures.A.who B.which C.whose7.(2021·绥化)I like smart clothes ____are made of silk.A.who B.which C.what8.(2021·十堰)This is the first birthday gift __________I received. I've kept it many years.A.which B.that C.who D.what 9.(2021·怀化)—Do you know the woman wears a blue skirt?—Oh, she's my aunt.A.which B.who C.what 10.(2021·青海)Chaka Salt Lake __________ is known as Mirror of the Sky interests more and more tourists.A.where B.which C.who11.(2022·四川模拟)—Do you know the boy is sitting next to Peter?—Yes. He's Peter's friend. They are celebrating his birthday.A.who; nineth B.that; ninth C./; ninth D.which; ninth 12.(2022·哈尔滨模拟)The writer and his novel you have just talked about are really well-known.A.that B.which C.who13.(2022·哈尔滨模拟)The Sun Island is the first place almost all the travelers would like to visit when they come to Harbin.A.which B.what C.that14.(2022·顺城模拟)—Do you like the novel?—Yes, I do. It is the first novel ________ I have read three times.A.when B.that C.who D.whose 15.(2022·广西模拟)A person _______ follows his dream and puts his heart into it will be successful in the end.A.who B.whose C.whom D.which 16.(2022·石阡模拟)Titanic is the most interesting movie __________I've seen. I like it very much.A.which B.that C.who D.when 17.(2021·南岗模拟)— Basketball is deeply loved by teenagers in our school ______________ enjoy playing it for fun and exercise.— I can't agree with you more. I also like playing basketball very much.A.who B.which C.where18.(2021九下·通榆月考)We still remember the teachers _______________ have taught us for 3 years.A.who B.whose C.whom19.(2021·温州模拟)David is really interested in the universe, so recently he would like to buy a__________.A.story book that describes Lingling's school life in AustraliaB.science book that tells the advantages of cleaning machinesC.CD that shows the journeys to other planets by spaceshipD.magazine that introduces a special way to stop air pollution20.(2021·南岗模拟)— Harbin is the most beautiful city __________________ I've been to.— So it is. Many tourists are attracted there every year.A.that B.which C.what21.(2022·宣威模拟)— Have you heard of the story of Mulan?— Of course. Mulan is a brave girl ____takes her father's place to fight in the army.A.whom B.who C.which D.whose 22.(2022·巧家模拟)—I am glad to see____________.—Yes. Students can join in different kinds of activities.A.that there is less stress of learning for middle school studentsB.what there is less stress of learning for middle school studentsC.that is there less stress of learning for middle school studentsD.what is there less stress of learning for middle school students23.(2022·巧家模拟)Do you know the city, Kunming, ____________is the capital city of Yunan?A.where B.which C.who D.whose 24.(2022九下·本溪月考)Thanks to a passenger at the airport, I found the passport _______ I lost.A.which B.who C.whom D.what 25.(2022·哈尔滨模拟)—Parents' love is deep and endless (无尽的). No matter where we go, the door of love will keep open for us.—Their love is just like an umbrella protects us from wind or rain.A.who B.which C.whom26.—________ kind of tea would you like?—I love tea ________has a fruity taste.A.Which; what B.What; which C.Whose; that D.What; who 27.(2022九下·吉林月考)The UNICEF(联合国儿童基金会)have helped more children get the chances to go to school with the money__________ people raise.A.who B.what C.where D.which 28.(2022九下·瑞安开学考)—Our class needs some _____for the school leavers' party?— Maybe Linda can help. She can draw very well.A.tools which can keep our hall cleanB.food which is offered to the studentsC.Students who can make invitation cardsD.Teachers who can sing very well29.(2022九下·哈尔滨开学考)A city's landmark(地标) is usually the first thing _____ attracts(吸引) atourist. It is a symbol of the city and also a window of the local culture.A.that B.which C.who30.(2021九上·松原期末)My People Mr Country is the movie ________ has been popular for a long time.A.who B.what C.which31.(2021九上·通榆期末)—Why are you so worried?—I've lost the watch_______ my dad bought me on my birthday.A.what B.whose C.which32.(2021九上·朝阳期末)I like to watch the movies ___________help me relax after a long week at work.A.where B.what C.who D.that33.(2021九上·哈尔滨月考)— Have you found the information _______________ you can use for the report?— Not yet. I'll search for some on the Internet.A.who B.what C.which34.(2021九上·通榆月考)I really admire those volunteers _________________ can offer to help people in trouble.A.who B.which C.whom35.(2021九上·博白月考)Tu Youyou is the first Chinese ____won the Nobel Prize in science.A.whom B.that C.who D.whose36.— Can you tell me ___________________ Huang Hua will give us a speech this afternoon?— Yes, he will. He is the top student ___________________ we all admire.A.both; and B.what; which C.that; which D.whether; that 37.— Which is your new neighbour, Liu Hua?— The man ______________________ T-shirt is red.A.that B.who C.which D.whose38.We're talking about the piano and the pianist ______________________ were in the concert we attended last night.A.which B.whom C.who D.that39.— Nowadays WeChat is very popular among friends.— Yes. It seems to be the best way of communication ______________________ people like.A.that B.which C.who D.where40.— Is there anyone here ______________________ name is Betty?— Sorry, I don't know.A.who B.which C.whom D.whose41.A WeChat(微信) is an invention ______________________ can help people talk to friends,share photos, ideas and feelings freely.A.which B.who C.whose D./42.Tommy couldn't stop thinking about the boy ______________________ made him a fool in front of the whole class.A.whom B.which C.what D.who43.People ______________________ overweight need more water than thin people.A.who is B.which are C.that is D.who are 44.(2021九上·柳江期中)I have some books _______ I bought in Nanjing last year.A.that B.who C.where45.(2021九上·平阳期中)I still remember the names of the teachers _________ taught me in my primary school.A.which B.whom C.who D.what46.(2021九上·哈尔滨开学考)Friends are those make you smile, always open their hearts to you and encourage you to achieve your dreams.A.that B.which C.who47.(2021九上·哈尔滨开学考)—Where did you get your hair ________? Your hair's style is so cool!—I went to the barber's. Look! That is the barbershop __________ I cut my hair.A.cut; where B.to cut; where C.cut; which48.(2021九上·哈尔滨开学考)—I am very happy that the wonderful Middle-Autumn Day will come.—Yes. The happiest time we students are looking forward to __________ in a few days.A.is coming B.coming C.came49.(2021七上·哈尔滨开学考)Friends are those _______ make you smile, always open their hearts to you and encourage you to achieve your dreams.A.that B.which C.who50.—John has a lot of friends ________ have a lot _________ common with himself.—Indeed. Birds of a feather flock together.A.who; to B.which; of C.that; on D.who; in答案解析部分1.【答案】B【解析】【分析】句意:罗马是一座充满名胜古迹的古城。
中考定语从句知识点详细!
在英语中,主要有三大从句,即名词性从句(包括主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,同位语从句)、形容词性从句(即定语从句)、副词性从句(即状语从句,包括时间、条件、结果、目的、原因、让步、地点、方式等)。
【定语从句】一、定语从句概念定语从句(attributive clause),顾名思义,就是一个句子作定语从属于主句。
定语一般是由形容词充当,所以定语从句又称作形容词从句。
另外,定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引导的,故又称作关系从句。
定语从句一般放在它所修饰的名词或代词之后,这种名词或代词被称作先行词。
请看示例:The woman who lives next door is a teacher.先行词定语从句在所有的从句中,算定语从句最难掌握,因为汉语里没有定语从句,汉语里只有定语,而且总是放在名词之前来修饰名词。
二、关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词代替前面的先行词,并且在定语从句中充当句子成分,可以作主语、宾语、定语等。
常见的关系代词有:who, that, which。
它们的主格、宾格和所有格如下表所示:格先行词主格宾格所有格人who whom whose物which which whose of which人、物that that —(一)关系代词who, whom和 whose的用法who代替人,是主格,在定语从句中作主语。
例如:An architect is a person who designs buildings. 建筑师是设计房屋的人。
I will never forget the teacher who taught us chemistry in the first year o f my senior middle school. 我将永远不会忘记在高一时教我们化学的那位老师。
Anyone who wants to apply for this job must send us the resume by em ail first. 想应聘这个职位的任何人都必须先通过电子邮件向我们发送简历。
初中英语语法——定语从句
初中英语语法——定语从句定语从句定语从句在句中做定语,修饰一个名词或代词,有时也可以修饰部分或整个句子。
被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。
定语从句通常出现在先行词之后,由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出。
关系代词有:who。
whom。
whose。
that。
which。
as。
关系副词有:when。
where。
why。
how。
关系代词和关系副词放在先行词和定语从句之间,起连接作用,同时又可做定语从句的一个成分。
当关系代词做宾语时可以省略。
定语从句中的谓语动词必须在人称上和数量上和先行词保持一致。
定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。
1、关系代词引导的定语从句1) who。
whom。
that这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词,在从句中所起作用如下:Is he the man who/that wants to see you?(who/that在从句中作主语)He is the man whom/ that XXX在从句中作宾语)2) whose用来指人或物,(只用作定语,若指物,它还可以同of which互换),例如:Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green.3) which。
that它们所替代的先行词是事物的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语等,比方:A prosperity which / that had never been XXX在句中作宾语)The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped。
(which / that在句中作宾语)关系代词that和which都可以指物,that和Who都可以指人,其用法区别:不用that的情况:a)在引导非限定性定语从句时错)The tree。
that is four hundred years old。
初中定语从句
初中定语从句1. 定语从句的定义和作用定语从句是一个从句,用来修饰名词或代词,从而限定其词义。
它通常由关系词(如who, which, that)引导。
定语从句的作用是为主句中的名词或代词提供更详细的信息,使句子更准确、具体。
2. 定语从句的引导词定语从句的引导词有多种选择,常用的有:- who: 指人,作主语或宾语;- which: 指物,作主语或宾语;- that: 指人或物,作主语或宾语;- whose: 指人或物,表示所属关系;- where: 表示地点;- when: 表示时间。
3. 定语从句的结构定语从句的结构是“关系词 + 主句”。
主句可以是一个完整的句子,也可以是一个短语。
- 如果定语从句修饰主语,可以使用关系代词who, which, that 作为关系词。
例如:The girl who is standing there is my sister.- 如果定语从句修饰宾语,可以使用关系代词who, which, that 作为关系词。
例如:I bought a book that I wanted for a long time.4. 定语从句的注意事项在使用定语从句时,需要注意以下几点:- 定语从句可以放在被修饰的名词或代词的前面或后面;- 当被修饰的名词或代词是物时,一般使用which或that;- 当被修饰的名词或代词是人时,一般使用who或that;- 当被修饰的名词或代词是所有格时,一般使用whose;- 当被修饰的名词或代词是地点时,一般使用where;- 当被修饰的名词或代词是时间时,一般使用when。
5. 定语从句的练下面是几个定语从句的练题:1. I have a friend __________________ is a doctor.2. The book __________________ I borrowed is very interesting.3. Do you know the girl __________________ brother is a famous actor?可以使用上述引导词填空进行练。
(完整版)初中定语从句语法讲解与应用
(完整版)初中定语从句语法讲解与应用什么是定语从句?定语从句是汉语中的一种复合句结构,用来修饰名词或代词,进一步解释其意义或限定其范围。
定语从句通常由一个引导词和一个从句组成。
引导词可以是关系代词或关系副词。
关系代词关系代词在定语从句中充当主语、宾语或表语,代替先行词,起到连接引导从句的作用。
常见的关系代词有:- 人: who, whom, whose人: who, whom, whose- 物: which, that物: which, that- 人或物: that, who, whom, whose, which人或物: that, who, whom, whose, which关系副词关系副词在定语从句中充当地点、时间或原因副词,用来修饰名词或代词。
常见的关系副词有:- 地点: where地点: where- 时间: when时间: when- 原因: why原因: why定语从句的位置和标点符号定语从句可以置于先行词之前或之后。
如果定语从句置于先行词之前,通常需要用逗号与其它部分隔开。
例子:- The book, which is on the table, is mine.(先行词在定语从句之后)- The boy who is standing over there is my brother.(先行词在定语从句之前)定语从句的用法定语从句可以用来修饰先行词,并提供额外的信息。
以下是一些常见的用法:- 限定性定语从句:这种从句用来限定名词或代词的范围,并不可省略,否则会导致句义不完整。
限定性定语从句:这种从句用来限定名词或代词的范围,并不可省略,否则会导致句义不完整。
- 非限定性定语从句:这种从句用来提供补充信息,与主句之间用逗号隔开,可以省略。
非限定性定语从句:这种从句用来提供补充信息,与主句之间用逗号隔开,可以省略。
例子:- The book that is on the table is mine.(限定性定语从句)定语从句的练以下是一些定语从句的练,通过练可以加深理解和掌握定语从句的用法。
初中英语语法专题讲解--定语从句
定语从句定语从句在主从复合句中起定语作用,修饰主句中的名词或代词,被定语从句修饰的词叫作先行词,定语从句大凡放在它所修饰名词或代词之后。
定语从句主要由关系代词who,whom,whose,which,that和关系副词when,where,,why所引导。
它们在意义上代表先行词,同时在定语从句中担任某种成分,但没有疑问的意义。
定语从句分限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两种。
(一)关系代词的用法12who指人,是主格,在定语从句中作主语。
Whom指人,是宾格,在定语从句中作宾语,在非正式文体、口语中常可以省去。
Whose指人或事物,是所有格,在定语从句中作定语。
如,The tall man who is standing over there is my brother.(who is standing over there是关系代词who引导的定语从句,用以修饰who的先行词man,who在从句中作主语)2,that多用来指物,有时也指人,在定语从句中作主语或宾语,指物时的用法与which基本相同,作宾语常可省略。
如,Who is the man that is speaking at the meeting?(that is speaking at the meeting是关系代词that引导的定语从句,用以修饰that的先行词man,that 在从句中作主语)注意:先行词是物时,大凡情况既可用that也可用which.但下列情况下,只能用that不用which。
1).当先行词为指物的不定代词,如all、everything、something、anything、nothing、none、theone等时,只能用that。
There is nothing that I can do for you .2).当先行词被the only、the very、the last、all、no、little等词修饰时,只能用that。
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定语从句 一、基本概念定语从句(Attributive Clauses )在句中做定语,修饰或限定一个名词或代词。
被修饰限定的名词或代词即先行词。
定语从句通常出现在先行词之后,由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出。
二、构成先行词:被定语从句修饰限定的名词或代词。
是先行军,定从因太长成为后置定语; 关系词:根据在从句中所作成分分为关系代词和关系副词。
只有定语从句的引导词称为关系词,因其跟先行词和从句关系紧密:关系词一定代替先行词在从句中作成分。
从 句:判断任何主从句的标志都是引导词,引导词之后引的就是从句。
三、三要素引导词先行词 作何成分 关系代词who人 主、宾 从句主宾不齐 (除whose ) whom人 宾 which 物/整个句子主、宾 三要素先行词关系词 作何成分 学习内容It’s an invention which is used for keeping off the rain .先行词+关系词 + 从句1、关系代词 1)It’s the most beautiful loving film I have ever seen.2) went to America with her mother . 3)The man and the woman you see in the picture are Jack and Lucy .4)It’s a film name is Titanic.注意观察从句所缺成分:若从句缺少基本的主语,宾语成分,就需要填关系代词。
因为代词的主要语法功能就是作主语和宾语。
而缺少主语和宾语,句子结构很明显是残缺不全的。
(whose 除外)2、关系副词1)The reason he refused the invitation is not clear.2)Great changes have taken place in the city I was born.3)I never forget the day my sister was born.注意观察从句所缺成分:若从句成分相对完整,不缺少基本的主语,宾语,则判断应该使用关系副词来引导。
因为状语属于修饰成分,让句意表达的更明确,生动和详尽。
但如果缺少,不影响句子的基本结构。
三、基本解题思路that人/物 主、宾、表 / 不填人/物 宾 as物/整个句子 主、宾 whose人/物 定 关系副词 when时间状语 从句主宾齐全where地点状语 why原因状语 who/thatwhom/whom/that/不填whose which/that/不填 when where why 将先行词代入从句中翻译,判断先行词在从句中所作的成分。
从句主宾不齐——关系代词——再看先行词是人/物 从句主宾齐全——关系副词——再判断状语种类【小试牛刀】1. I will never forget the days _______I spent in Tibet.2. I will never forget the days _______I study in Tibet.A.whichB.whoC.whenD.where3.The house _______ the famous writer wrote his works is a museum now.A. whichB.whereC.whatD.that4.The house _______ the famous writer bought many years ago is a museum now.A. thatB.whereC.whatD. why5.He told her the reason____ he is unhappy, but she doesn’t believe the reason ______ he gives her.A. why; whyB. why; whichC. that; whyD. which; why答案:ACBAD四、引导词辨析1、介词+关系代词(which/whom)1)★当把从句中的介词提前至定语从句引导词前时: 先行词是人,只能用介词+whom先行词是物,只能用介词+which注意:当介词提前,关系代词一律不能省略。
在固定短语中介词不能提前. Is this the watch that you are looking for?The old man whom I am looking after is better.2)关系副词 = 介词+关系代词when 作时间状语:when = 介词+ whichShe will never forget the day when (=on which) she was married.The man whom/that/who/不填you spoke was a scientist.The city which/that/不填she lives is far away. The man to whom/that/who/ 不填you spoke was a scientist.The city in which/that/不填 she lives is far away. to inIt was the year when (= in which) the World War I broke out.where作地点状:where=介词+ whichI want to know the place where (= in which) I was born.The table where (= at which ) she is sitting is a new one.why作原因状语, 其先行词通常是the reason why=for whichThat is the reason why (= for which) I’m late.2、that与which、who/whom1)只用that的情况:不:当先行词是不定代词或被它们修饰时;如:all ,few, little, much, every, something, anything 等;That’s all that I know.Is there anything that I can do for you?He answered few questions that the teacher asked.日:唯一性。
当先行词被the only, the very(恰恰,正是), the same等修饰时;These are the very words that he used.That’s the only thing that I can do now.最:当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时;That is the most interesting book that I have ever read. 二:当先行词即有人又有物时;The man and his dog that I always meet are standing by the gate. 序:当先行词被序数词修饰时。
The first thing that I should do is to review my lessons.2)只用which的情况:介词+ 关系代词结构中,指物只能用which,不能用that。
非限定性定语从句中指物只能用which,而不用that。
综合题库1. —Who is the woman was talking to our English teacher?—Oh! It’s Mrs. Baker, our new math teacher.A. heB. thatC. whomD. which2. I’m looking for the photograph you sent me with your letter.A. whoB. whomC. whichD. it3. Betty went to the museum and saw many pictures were drawn by a famous person.A. thatB. whoC. whatD. whom4. This is the most interesting book I’ve read before.A. thatB. whichC. whoD. it5. This is the room in Chairman Mao lived.A. thatB. whichC. whoD. whom6. August 1st, 1927 was the day the PLA was founded.A. thatB. whichC. whoD. when7. Is this the river _____I can swim?A. whichB. in whichC. thatD. the one8. This is the question we are talking about now.A. thatB. whoC. whereD. when9. This is the girl mother is an English teacher of our school.A. thatB. whoC. whomD. whose10. Shaolin Temple lies in the west of Zhengzhou welcomes the visitors both at home and abroad.A. whereB. whichC. whoD. what11. This is my beautiful school _______ is near the famous library.A. whereB. whichC. whoD. when12. All ___ you must do now is to lend us ten dollars, we haven’t brought any money with us at the moment.A. thatB. whatC. whichD. things13. Nobody knows the reason ______ she didn’t come to the meeting.A. thatB. whichC. whyD. when14. There is nothing _ __ I can do.A. thatB. whichC. whoD. what15. — Which girl is your sister?— The girl is wearing dark glasses.A. whichB. whoseC. whoD. whom16. My necklace is not the only thing __ __ is missing.A. whichB. thatC. whatD. where17. —The volunteers are doing a great job in Yushu.—Yes. They are helping the people are suffering from the earthquake.A. whichB. whatC. /D. who18. Yao Ming is a famous basketball star _ __ is playing in the NBA.A. whoseB. whoC. whatD. which19. He likes music___ _ he could dance to.A. whoB. thatC. whomD. what20. I can’t find the book __ _ my mother bought me.A. whoB. whenC. whichD. what21. The film _ __ I saw yesterday was very interesting.A. whoB. whenC. whatD. that22. —The village I visited last year has changed a lot. — Really? I hope to go there one day.A. thatB. whoC. whenD. where23. The TV play is about a true story _______ happened in Mianyang in 1998.A. itB. whatC. thatD. when24. We are trying to help those children lost their parents in Yushu , Qinghai Province.A. whichB. whenC. whoD. whose25. You can’t wake a person is pretending to be asleep.A. whoB. whichC. heD. 不填26. That is the day ______I'll never forget.A. whichB. on whichC. in whichD. when27. The pen ______he is writing is mine.A. with whichB. in whichC. on whichD. by which28. They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of ______sat a small boy.A. whomB. whoC. whichD. that29. Is there anyone in your class ______family is in the country?A. whoB. who'sC. whichD. whose30. He isn't such a man ______he used to be.A. whoB. whomC. thatD. as31. He talked a lot about things and persons ________they remembered in the school.A. whichB. thatC. whomD. what32. In our factory there are 2,000 workers, two thirds of ____are women.A. themB. whichC. whomD. who33. I have two grammars, ______are of great use.A. all of whichB. either of whichC. both of thatD. both of which34. My neighbors used to give me a hand in time of trouble, _______ was very kind of them.A. whoB. whichC. thatD. it35. He is working hard, ______will make him pass the final exam.A. thatB. whichC. for whichD. who 答案:1-5 BCAAB 6-10 DBADB 11-15 BACAC 16-20 BDBBC 21-25 DACCA 26-30 AACDD 31-35 BCDBB。