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2019-2020学年北京市牛栏山第一中学高三英语上学期期中考试试题及答案解析

2019-2020学年北京市牛栏山第一中学高三英语上学期期中考试试题及答案解析

2019-2020学年北京市牛栏山第一中学高三英语上学期期中考试试题及答案解析第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AStaying-at-home proves to be effective in slowing the spread of the virus, but loneliness can be tough for many. Luckily, in the age of social media, we are never truly alone. And with the extra time spent indoors, artists are stepping up to help us all with the following clubs.Drawing from Distance by Sarah Beth MorganLet’s shine some light during this trying time and encourage social distancing! I’m starting this tomorrow myself — but from what I offer, take whatever you please. No rules! Just have fun!Stayathome Art Club byCarsonEllisHello! I’ll be posting art homework here every weekday morning when I can. They’ll be designed for kids and grownups alike. Here is your first homework: Draw a picture of yourself from the shoulders up. You can follow some useful examples. If you want to share or see other people’s self-picture, use these hashtags: #Stayathomeartclub# QACselfportrait30-Day indoor Art by Danielle KrysaOne month of avoiding crowds? I’m in! I challenge you to use this time inside to make one piece every day from now until mid April. Please join me in playing around with some painting ideas that have been rolling around in my head but haven’t found their way onto paper yet. Stay at home, make art, save someone’s life.DIY from Illustoria MagazineWe have been so inspired to see our community come together to provide easy art projects for families during this stay-at-home-time! DIY is actually a fantastic way tosparkyour imagination without breaking a sweat. A video every day will teach you how to DIY something.1. What do we know about Sarah Beth Morgan?A. She is a strict artist.B. She aims at training more artists.C. She prefers to work at home office.D. She will provide a wide range of choices.2. What are you expected to do if you join Stayathome Art Club?A. Hand in homework every day.B. Share other people’s pictures.C. Draw a picture of yourself.D. Show up in person occasionally.3. What does “spark”in the last paragraph probably mean?A. Set off.B. Set down.C. Set aside.D. Set about.BLike all cultural institutions, galleries and art fairs are adapting to a new reality.Art Basel Hong Kong, Asia's biggest contemporary-art fair, was cancelled because of covid-19, but anyone he who had planned to visit last week could enjoy an experimental alternative：the viewing room. At the click of a keyboard) you could enter an overall view but private visual salon, without having to brave the airless Hong Kong Convention and Exhibition Centre.There, on one webpage, was Jeff Koons riffing(翻唱)on Botticelli's "Primavera" in a tribute to the history of painting at David Zwirner Gallery. Ota Fine Arts offered one collector the chance to acquire an "infinity(无限)room“, one of the most Instagrammed artworks of recent years- the creation of the fantasies,nonagenarian (九十多岁) Japanese artist, Yayoi Kusama. White Cube presented a large collection of international works by Andreas Gursky (German), Theaster Gates (American) and Beatriz Milhazes (Brazilian). But not every artist, gallery and form showed to equal advantage in this alternative fair. Not surprisingly, simple two-dimensional works in bright colours came across best No sculpture or conceptual art was includedBesides depth and texture, there are aspects of gallery hopping that a website is unlikely to copy. One isserendipity—the sense of wandering between artworks and encountering the unexpected. Another is sociability. Art is a communion between artist and viewer, but galleries and fairs are also places to swap opinions and share enthusiasms.Thereare ways to compensate (or these inevitable(不可避免的)disadvantages. As they shut their physical doors, some of the world's nest galleries and museums are offering advanced interactive visits, 360 degree videos and walk around tours of their collections, allwithout queues and high ticket prices. One of the best is laid on by the Rijksmuseum in Amsterdam；its tour allows visitors to view its Vermeers and Rembrandts, including the magnicent "Night Watch”, far more closely than would normally he possible. Another standout offering is from the Museu de Arte de SPaulo, which has an even broader collection. On its virtual platform, its pain tings, spanning 700 years, appear to be hanging in an open-plan space, seemingly hung on glass panels, or "crystaleasels” as the. museum calls them, ideal for close-up inspection,4. From the paragraph 3, we may knowA. "Primavera" was originally painted by JeKoonsB.“innity room” was the most popular artworks of recent years on social mediaC. White Cube displayed a great many works by artists from different nationsD. Various paintings and statues showed on the webpage are well-received5. What does the underlined word "serendipity" in Paragraph 4 probably mean?A. surpriseB. treasureC. expectationD. compromise6. What is the purpose of writing the last paragraph?A.To introduce some popular art show in the world.B. To show that there are some alternative ways to promote the display during covid-19 epidemic.C. To prove that paintings hung on glass panels can be idealfor close-up inspection,D. To release some information about some extraordinary art shows.7. What is the best title?A. Art beyond the internet.B. Fascinating art.C. Art under covid-19.D. gallery hoppingCMany of us in China enjoy adding chilies (辣椒) toour food, but did you know that this spicy vegetable could also be dangerous? A 34-year-oldUSman recently ended up in hospital after eating a Carolina Reaper—the spiciest chili in the world. After taking just a single bite of one, the man suffered from serious headaches in the following few days, reported BBC News.In fact, reports of stomachache and headache caused by eating spicy food are not something unusual. But if chilies are harmful, why is it that human beings are the only animals to eat this vegetable? According to the website Huanqiu, about 600 million Chinese people—almost half of the national population—are chili eaters. So what makes people love chilies so much? The human body reacts to the burning feeling that comes from eating chilies by releasing natural chemicals that “produce a sense of happiness” , noted BBC News.And the benefits go even further than just personal enjoyment. A survey conducted by the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences found that the death rate of those who eat spicy food once or twice a week is 10 percent lower than those who eat it less than once a week. The number decreased to 14 percent for those who eat spicy food six to seven times a week. And another study done by theUniversityofVermontcame to a similar conclusion.“The data encourages people to eat more spicy food to improve health and reduce death risk at an early age,” Liu Qi, a nutritionist at the Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, told BBC News.Chilies have anti-cancer quality and the ability to increase our metabolism (新陈代谢). So, don't worry if you love spicy food. It seems that chilies are actually good for us—except for the Carolina Reaper, perhaps.8. The example of a 34-year-old American is mentioned in Paragraph 1 to prove ________.A. chiliescan be beneficialB. chilies are popular inAmericaC. chilies can be dangerousD. serious headaches can be dangerous9. Eating chilies gives people a sense of happiness by_______.A. decreasing death rateB. releasing natural chemicalsC. curing serious headachesD. providing enough nutrition10. Which of the following statement is TRUE?A. Human are the only animals to eat chilies.B. Stomachache and headaches caused by chilies is something unusual.C. The more chilies you eat, the healthier you are.D. Chilies have anti-cancer quality but it can't increase our metabolism.11. The writer wrote the passage to ________.A. warn people of the dangers of chiliesB. ask people to eat Carolina ReaperC. encourage people to eat more chiliesD. tell people the benefits of chiliesDSome years ago a young man applied to a large United States optical firm for a job as a lens designer. He apologized for lack of training, but on announcing that he owned two copies of the classic Conrady's Applied Optics and Optical Design, one for his office and a second for his bedside table, he was hired on the spot. Perhaps the story will be repeated some day with Buchdahl's Introduction to Hamiltonian Optics as a similar certificate of qualification.Hamiltonian theory describes with powerful generality the overall properties of optical systems considered as ‘black boxes’, although it does not describe the detailed structure needed to construct the systems and achieve these properties. Buchdahl's book is therefore on the subject of geometrical optics, but it is not about how to design lenses. It is, however a compact comprehensive account of the fundamentals of the theory written with the lens designer's needs very much in mind. Every lens designer worth his salt has at some time in his career attempted to apply the broad concepts of Hamiltonian optics to the solutions of practical problems. Success hasbeen sufficiently rare that the theory, as such, has made little direct contribution to techniques for optical instrument design. The failures have been frustrating because of the obvious fundamental power of the theory and because of its conceptual elegance. The indirect effects have been large, however, both in contributing to an understanding of fundamental principles that govern the overall behavior of optical systems and in pointing the way to other, more practical, theoretical approaches.Buchdahl approaches the subject not only as a capable mathematical physicist, but as one who with a knowledge of practical optics has made a significant contribution to geometrical optical theory. Buchdahl's approach has, over the last decade, had a major impact on modern lens design with computers. Thus, he brings to this exposition of Hamiltonian optics a familiarity with practical optics not usually found in authors on this subject.The author claims his book to be non-mathematical, and indeed it might be so viewed by a professional mathematician. From the point of view of many physicists and engineers, it will appear to be quite mathematical. Moreover, this is a tightly written book. The subject matter is developed with precision, and the author expects the reader, at very point, to be master of the preceding exposition.12. Hamiltonian theory met with failures as a result of ______.A. newer finding related to the wave particle nature of lightB. very complicated concepts too difficult to understand by most lens designersC. too much mathematical detail in the theoryD. not enough practical information offered by the theory to allow for use by lens crafters13. The author of this passage implies that Introduction to Hamiltonian Optics is necessary to ______.A. the students who are major in mathematical geometryB. those who want to grasp the basic principles of optical systemsC. the lens designers who look for instructions on practical designsD. those who are interested in physics14. The article points out that the great benefits of Hamiltonian optics have been found is ______.A. indirect ways of learning mathematicsB. a fundamental power within the theoryC. the conceptual elegance of the theoryD. the practical applications of the theory in finding new approaches to old problems15. This passage is probably excerpted from ______.A. a review of a bookB. a chemistry textbookC. an optician's essayD. a general science text第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

2019-2020学年北京市牛栏山第一中学高三英语上学期期中试卷及答案

2019-2020学年北京市牛栏山第一中学高三英语上学期期中试卷及答案

2019-2020学年北京市牛栏山第一中学高三英语上学期期中试卷及答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AThe following 4 famous paintings, from Jan van Eyck’s portrait to Pablo Picasso’s masterpiece, have stood the test of time.The Arnolfini PortraitJan van Eyck’s Arnolfini Portrait, an oil painting on wood produced in 1434, is undoubtedly one of the masterpieces in the National Gallery,London. This painting is as visually interesting as it is famed. It is also an informative document on fifteenth-century society, through van Eyck’s heavy use of symbolism-while husbands went out to engage in business, wives concerned themselves with domestic duties.The Starry NightVincent van Gogh painted The Starry Night, oil on canvas, a moderately abstract landscape painting of an expressive night sky over a small hillside village, during his 12-month stay at the mental hospital nearSaint-Remy-de-Provence,Francebetween 1889 and 1890. When theMuseumofModern ArtinNew York Citypurchased the painting from a private collector in 1941, it was not well known, but it has since become one of van Gogh's most famous works.The HarvestersThe Harvesters is an oil painting on wood completed by Pieter Bruegel the Elder in 1565. It depicts the harvest time which most commonly occurred within the months of August and September. Nicolaes Jonghelinck, a merchant banker and art collector fromAntwerp, commissioned this painting. The painting has been at the Metropolitan Museum of Art inNew York Citysince 1919.GuernicaGuernica,a large black-and-white oil painting, was painted by the Cubist Spanish painter, Pablo Picasso in 1937. The title ‘Guernica’ refers to the city that was bombed by Nazi planes during the Spanish Civil War. The painting depicts the horrors of war and as a result, has come to be an anti-war symbol and a reminder of the tragedies of war. Today, the painting is housed at the Museo National Centro de Arte ReinaSofiainMadrid.1. What do the four paintings have in common?A. They are oil paintings.B. They are kept inNew York.C. They show different people’s lives.D. They are created during 10th century to 19th century.2. What do we know about The Starry Night?A. It shows the scenery of a small hillside village.B. Van Gogh produced it when living in his home.C. A private collector gave it away to the museum.D. It was not famous before 1941.3. Whose painting shows the destruction of war?A. Jan van Eyck.B. Vincent van Gogh.C. Pieter Bruegel.D. Pablo Picasso.BIvy League schools are considered to be the most prestigious of all colleges in the United States. These schools are primarily located in the Northeastern part of the country. There are eight total colleges that are considered to be Ivy League. These schools are Brown, Harvard, Cornell, Princeton, Dartmouth, Yale, and Columbia universities and the University of Pennsylvania. Of all institutions of higher learning, these elite schools are considered to be the most outstanding and the most sought-after in terms of acceptance and graduation.The term “Ivy League” came about in 1954 when the NCAA athletic conference for Division I was formed. At the time, the elitism of these schools was really due to their prestige in the realm of sports like basketball. Although the term “Ivy League” was not created until the 1950s, many of these schools were in existence as far back as 1636, when John Harvard became the first benefactor of Harvard University.Although this group of elite schools is considered to be part of one big league of the elite, there have been plenty of internal rivalries over the years. The sports that these colleges play were so popular that some teams began playing games in New York City so spectators could come from far away and watch the games. The popularity of both the athletes who played and the college team rivalries brought in a good deal of attention to the schools as well as revenue from ticket sales. There have also been academic rivalries between schools. Mostly, these rivalries are a matter of opinion in terms of which school has the most honor graduates, which schools offer the most prestigious scholarships, and what famous graduates have come from each school.Each Ivy League college has its own unique accomplishments that make it important. All carry a certain reputation with them, and each school has programs that excel primarily in the medical and law fields, making them some of the most sought-after schools in the world. Their admission process is very selective, which helpsthe schools ensure that they only accept the best and brightest. Many famous people have graduated from Ivy League schools, including recent presidents George W. Bush, Bill Clinton, and Barack Obama. This prestige leads many to believe that these colleges are only for the wealthy and elite. Often, companies look for Ivy League graduates as potential employees, usually preferred by law firms, medical facilities, and large corporations. It has long beencovetedto have earned a degree from an Ivy League school. Today, the Ivy League schools are still excellent in both academia and in sports, and they have left a legacy of higher education with an exceptional track record and reputation to go along with them.4. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?A. Ivy League schools were initially famous for their reputation in sports.B. Ivy League schools didn’t come into existence until the 1950s.C. Ivy League schools do not compete with each other within the league.D. Ivy League schools are most popular for their excellence in the medical and law fields.5. Which of the following aspects is NOT mentioned in the passage?A. The history of the Ivy LeagueB. The rivalry of the Ivy LeagueC. The accomplishments and cultural impacts of the Ivy LeagueD. The future development of the Ivy League6. Why do many people believe that Ivy League colleges are only for the wealthy and elite?A. Because they are the most sought-after schools in the world.B. Because they have selective admission process to help ensure the quality of their students.C. Because many famous people have graduated from Ivy League schools.D. Because manycompanies look for Ivy League graduates as potential employees.7. What does the underlined word “coveted” in the last paragraph probably mean?A. advocatedB.DesiredC. restrictedD. sponsoredCGlobal food demand will double by 2050, according to a new projection, and the farming techniques used to meet that unprecedented(空前的) demand will significantly determine how severe the impact is on the environment, researchers said.The study researchers warned that meeting the demand for food would clear more land, increase nitrogen(氮)use and significantly add to carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gas emissions.“Agriculture’s greenhouse gas emissions could double by2050 if current trends in global food production continue,” study researcher David Tilman, of theUniversityofMinnesota, said in a statement. “This would be a major problem, since global agriculture already accounts for a third of all greenhouse gas emissions.”The researchers studied various ways in which the increasing food demand could be mentioned. They found that the most environmentally friendly and cost-effective approach would be for more food producers to adopt the nitrogen-efficient “intensive” farming method, which involves the heavy use of labor and the production of more crops per acre.This approach was shown to be more effective than the “extensive” farming currently practiced by many poor nations, a method that includes clearing more new land to produce more food.Different farming methods produce significantly different yields, the researchers found — in 2005, the crop yields for the wealthiest nations were more than 300 percent higher than what the poorest nations produced.According to their analysis of the effects of extensive farming, if poorer nations continue using this method, by 2050theywill have cleared an area larger than theUnited States, about 2.5 billion acres. However, if wealthy nations help poorer nations to improve food yields by incorporating(吸收) intensive farming practices, that number could be reduced to half a billion acres.The researchers stress that the environmental effects of meeting future food demand depend on how global agriculture expands and develops.“Our analyses show that we cansave most of the Earth’s remaining ecosystems by helping the poorer nations of the world feed themselves,” Tilman said.8. What is the best title of this passage?A. The World Will Need Double Food by 2050B. Man Will Face the Risk of Lacking Food in the FutureC. Future Farmers Hold Environment’s Fate in Their HandsD. Different Farming Methods Produce Significantly Different Yields9. The character of the extensive farming is ________.A. very cost-effectiveB. to produce more crops per acreC. at cost of more new land to produce more foodD. very environmentally friendly10. It can be inferred from the passage that ________.A. poorer nations mainly use the intensive farmingB. wealthy nations mainly use the extensive farmingC. the intensive farming needs less food producersD. the extensive farming has a worse effect on ecosystems11. According to the passage, the underlined word “they” in the 7th paragraph refers to “________”.A. poorer nationsB. the effects of extensive farmingC. wealthy nationsD.future food demandDSophie became friends with the gray squirrels during her first week atPennState, after spotting them running around and wondering what they would look like with tiny hats on their heads. Today, everyone at the university knows her as the “Squirrel Girl”.Sophie tried bringing them food, and gradually they began to trust her. She managed to put a hat on a squirrel and take a picture. Thinking that her colleagues could do with something to lift their spirits, she started posting similar photos on Facebook. The response was greatly positive, and before long Sophie and her squirrels became an Internetsensation.Growing up in a neighborhood outside ofState College, Sophie was always fond of birds and animals around her home, but she didn't interact with people very much. She was later diagnosed (诊断) with Asperger's syndrome, but the squirrels changed that. “The squirrels help me break the ice, because I'll be sitting here patting a squirrel and other people will come over and well just start like feeding the squirrels together and chatting about them,” she said, “I am a lot more outgoing.”And in case you're wondering how Sophie is able to get the squirrels to do what she wants for her photos, it has a lot to do with food. For example, whenever she wants them to hold or play with something, she puts peanut butter on the prop (道具), and they'll grab it. In the beginning, she would throw peanuts up the trees on campus and invite the squirrels to come down and get them, but they hesitated to approach her. She had the patience to earn their trust, though.This year, Sophie is graduating with a degree in English and wildlife sciences. She wants to be a science writer and educate people on how to preserve the environment. As for her furry friends, Sophie plans to stay in the areaand visit them as often as she can.12. What does the underlined word “sensation” in paragraph 2 mean?A. Event.B. Hit.C. Service.D. Addiction.13. What can we learn about Sophie according to paragraph 3?A. She got lots of friends due to squirrels.B. She used to be a popular girl in her childhood.C. She lived in the far countryside when young.D. She was more outgoing than before.14. How did Mary manage to take photos of squirrels wearing hats?A. By attracting them with food.B. By putting them in cages.C. By playing music to them.D. By dressing like squirrels.15. What do you think of Sophie?A. Tolerant and capable.B. Sociable and aggressive.C. Patient and caring.D. Indifferent and appreciative.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

2019-2020学年北京牛栏山一中实验学校高三英语上学期期中考试试题及答案解析

2019-2020学年北京牛栏山一中实验学校高三英语上学期期中考试试题及答案解析

2019-2020学年北京牛栏山一中实验学校高三英语上学期期中考试试题及答案解析第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AIt was a weeknight and one of my twin daughters marched into the room, waving a book she'd finished. “Dad, why are books with science in them always about boys?” she asked.I told her that simply wasn't true; there were loads of great science fictions with girls in them. She agreed, but argued that in those stories it was the boys who were doing science, and the girls were justalong for the ride. My other daughter took her sister's side and challenged me to give an example.This left me in a difficult position. I could either go through our library to point out some wonderful examples of female-led science fictions, or just admit they were right and remain in my comfortable chair.I've been asked several times how I came up with the idea forA Problematic Paradoxand my answer is always the same: it came to me in a moment of inspiration. I like that answer because it's simple and makes me seem very creative. The fact that this explanation is not true bothers me from time to time. Here's the truth: the story wasn't my idea. It was my daughters who suggested I write something for them that had a girl doing science.My daughters were at an age when many young women turn away from STEM (science, technology, engineering, and math), believing those areas of study unfriendly or out-of-the-norm for girls. I also read about how important role models can be to young people. It's one thing to tell a person they can do something, but seeing someone like them doing that thing can be more powerful.So, I kept two guidelines for the book in mind: First, the story had to be fun for anyone, because it's as important for boys to understand that science is for everyone. Second, I wanted the main character, Nikola, to be imperfect. She should be someone with shortcomings as we all have. I think this not only makes a story more interesting to read, but also helps make it clear that the most extraordinary things can be done by ordinary people.1. What does the underlined phrase “along for the ride” in paragraph 2 probably mean?A. Entering a bike race.B. Offering vital help.C. Doing unimportant things.D. Playing the leading role.2. What do we know about the bookA Problematic Paradox1?A. Its main character is perfect.B. It is a female-led science fiction.C. It is intended to appeal to girls only.D. Its idea comes from the author's inspiration.3. Which of the following best describes the author's book?A. Serious and abstract.B. Simple and practical.C. Creative and well-organized.D. Inspiring and interesting.BIn June, 2021, a group of students from eight high schools in Winnipeg, the capital of Canada’s Manitoba province, will begin test-launching (试发射) a satellite the size of a Rubik’s cube.The one-kilogram Win-Cube satellite, named for its home city and its shape, will be put into low orbit. Once in space, it can perform for a few months or up to several years, communicating information that could help find the signs of earthquakes.There are 80 similar satellite projects worldwide, but this is the first high-school based program of its kind in Canada. 30 Manitoba high school students are having a hand in designing and building the satellite, in cooperation with aerospace (航空航天的) experts and 10 students from the University of Manitoba, and with support from two other organizations.The Win-Cube project is not something that goes on a piece of paper; it is real-world engineering, allowing high school students to have an opportunity to learn more about the exciting world of engineering through their participation in this challenging program. It is also taken as a wonderful example of the unique partnerships within Manitoba. Designing, building and launching a satellite with high-school participation will bring this world-class educational project into reality and Manitoba closer to space“These Manitoba high school students deserve congratulations for their enthusiasm, innovation (创新), and a strong love for discovery,” said Education, Citizenship and Youth Minister Peter Bjomson. “We want to make science more relevant, interesting and attractive to high school students by showing them how classroom studies can relate to practical experience in the workplace or, in this case, in space,” Bjomson added.The Win-Cube program is mainly aimed at inspiring a strong desire for discovery on the part of the students. It also shows Manitoba’s devotion to research and innovation and the development of a skilled workforce—all important drivers of knowledge-based economic growth.4. What can we learn from Mr. Bjomson? .A. Those Manitoba high school students are worth praising.B. The study of space can be practically made in classrooms.C. Manitoba high schools are famous for the study of space.D. Scientific research is too far away from high school students.5. What is the primary purpose of the project ? .A. To find the early signs of earthquakes.B. To relate studies to practical.C. To help high school students study real-world engineering.D. To inspire a strong desire for discovery among the students.6. According to the passage, what can we know about the Win-Cube satellite? .A. It is named after Manitoba and its shape.B. It is intended for international communication.C. It is designed like a Rubik’s cube both in shape and size.D. It is challenged by university students around the world.7. What may be the best title for the passage?A. Manitoba SchoolB. Win-Cube ProgramC. Space Co-operationD. Satellite LaunchingCCraig Blackburn, a father and car fan, built a Batmobile for his son’s hope for using the vehicle to brighten the lives of sick children. And now he hopes to use it for more than just his sons hope after seeing the childrens reaction to the Batmobile.Based on the number of failures he had seen in car groups, he estimated that only about one in 50 attempted constructions was actually finished and he realized what an incredible opportunity he had.Mr. Blackburn started the project at the beginning of 2018 after hearing a friend in the US was doing the same thing. It started with importing an outer shell overseas, before picking brains of a friend who had a background as a worker in a car factory to gain knowledge of how to build the car. With the help of his friend, Mr. Blackburn built the Batmobile in 18 months with the cost reaching six figures.Mr.Blackburn hoped to add a flamethrower(喷火器)onto the back of the vehicle and said he had thought about building the more recent Batman Tumbler from the series film Dark Knight. Though Mr. Blackburn encountered plenty of difficulties to get over during the construction, in September 2019, the carmade its first show at the Carnival of Flowers in Toowoomba, before being used by Blackburn’s son for his hope.“It was great. It was so good to see the kids’ and adults’ excitement at seeing the Batmobile.” Mr. Blackburn said. As a result, the car lovers hope to make the car work on the roads as soon as possible, so he can visit sickchildren and take them out with his son.8. What is Craig Blackburn’s initial purpose of making the Batmobile?A. To realize his son’s dream.B. To donate it to sick children.C. To pay his respects to the film Dark Knight.D. To show off at the Carnival of Flowers in Toowoomba.9. How did Blackburn feel about the car-making at first?A. Hopeful.B. Confused.C. Impossible.D. Unsure.10. How did Blackburn’s friend help him?A. By making an outer shell for him.B. By offering him financial support.C. By sharing the knowledge of building cars.D. By telling him the background of the car factory.11. What is the car lovers’ expectation of the Batmobile?A. It will be driven soon on the roads.B. It can be displayed around the world.C. It can change the lives of sick children.D. It will appear in the next film about Batman.DIs homeschooling good or bad? That is a question that many parents ask themselves. In my opinion, homeschooled kids can give reliable answers.Kayla Murray, who lives inGreensboroNorth Carolina, started homeschooling almost eight years ago, after attending two local schools. “Homeschooling is school at home,” like the name says, but it’s not just that/ she says. “You're able to learn more and do more.”Having experienced learning at both school and home, Kayla says that she prefers the latter. “With homeschooling, I can do schoolwork in my pajamas, and no one cares,” she says, “you also have more chances. Earlier this year, my family and I were able to take a short vacation and go to an air show. My siblings and I get to take the day off for our birthdays. This year, I spent that time reading and playing the piano and guitar.”There are, however,drawbacksof being homeschooled, Kayla says, especially “the lack of people”. While she doesn't miss homework, al school, she did enjoy getting to see my friends every day.”Matthew Dimmette, also fromGreensboro, used to be a homeschooler. He now attends public high school. He says being homeschooled is quite different from going to public school. The differences depend on how you arc homeschooled and the things you do. “For me, it wasn't really different in terms of the classes but the school environment was a big change atter hearting at home. says Matthew.Talking about his homeschooling experience, Matthew says the best part of it was being able to learn what he wanted to. Yet the main disadvantage was that he couldn't do many experiments in homeschooling unless taking classes at different places. “My interest in science has been growing quickly in recent years, so I chose to go to public school,” he says.12. What does Kayla like about learning at home?A. She can spend her time more freely.B. She can always stay with her siblings.C. She can play the instruments she likes.D. She can celebrate her birthday at home.13. What does the underlined word “drawbacks” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?A. Concerns.B. Reasons.C. Changes.D. Problem.14. Why did Matthew choose to go to public school?A. He wanted to make more friends.B. He wanted to do experiments in labs.C. He wanted to take all kinds of classesD.He wanted to experience the school environment15. What in the authors attitude cowards homeschooling?A. Supportive.B. Doubtful.C. Uninterested.D. Unclear.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

2019-2020学年北京市顺义区牛栏山一中高一上学期期中数学试题(解析版)

2019-2020学年北京市顺义区牛栏山一中高一上学期期中数学试题(解析版)

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注：资料封面，下载即可删除2019-2020学年北京市顺义区牛栏山一中高一上学期期中数学试题一、单选题1．下列叙述错误的是（ ） A ．{}{}11x x x x >⊆≥ B ．集合N 中的最小数是1C ．方程2690x x -+=的解集是{}3D ．{}4,3,2与{}3,2,4是相同的集合 【答案】B【解析】通过集合的包含关系判断A ，自然数集元素的大小判断B ；方程的解判断C ；集合的基本性质判断D ． 【详解】解：{}{}11x x x x >⊆≥，满足集合的包含关系，所以A 正确； 集合N 中的最小数是0，不是1，所以B 不正确；方程2690x x -+=的解为123x x ==，所以其解集为{}3，所以C 正确；{}4,3,2与{}3,2,4是相同的集合，满足集合的基本性质，所以D 正确；故选：B ． 【点睛】此题考查集合的关系，考查集合的元素的特征，属于基础题 2．设a ，b ，c ∈R ，且a b >，则（ ） A ．22a b > B ．1122a b⎛⎫⎛⎫> ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭C ．33a b >D ．11a b< 【答案】C【解析】由不等式的性质及特殊值法逐一判断即可得结论． 【详解】解：对于A ，若0a =，1b =-，满足a b >，但22a b <，故A 错误；对于B ，函数32x y ⎛⎫= ⎪⎝⎭为减函数，若a b >，则1122a b⎛⎫⎛⎫< ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭，故B 错误；对于C. 由函数3y x =在R 上单调递增，当a b >时，有33a b >，故C 正确 对于D ，0a b >>，则11a b>，故D 错误． 故选：C ． 【点睛】本题考查幂、指数式大小的比较，考查函数的单调性的应用，属于基础题3．某研究小组在一项实验中获得一组关于,y t 之间的数据，将其整理得到如图所示的散点图，下列函数中最能近似刻画y 与t 之间关系的是（ ）A ．22y t = B ．2t y = C ．2log y t = D ．3y t =【答案】C【解析】根据图中的特殊点（2,1），（4,2）即可得解. 【详解】根据图中的特殊点（2,1），（4,2）,通过选项可知只有C ：2log y t =满足题意.故选C. 【点睛】本题考查了由函数图象写解析式，可以进行选项验证，属于基础题. 4．下列函数中，既是偶函数又在区间0,上单调递增的是（ ） A ．1y x=B ．x y e -=C ．21y x =-+D ．lg y x =【答案】D【解析】结合基本初等函数的单调性及奇偶性分别检验各选项即可判断． 【详解】 因为1()y f x x ==，1()()f x f x x-==--，所以1y x =为奇函数，不符合题意； 因为()xy f x e-==，则()()xf x e f x -=≠±，故()f x 不是偶函数因为2()1y f x x ==-+，()22()11()f x x x f x -=--+=-+=，所以21y x =-+为偶函数，但是21y x =-+在0,上单调递减()lg y f x x ==，()lg lg ()f x x x f x -=-==，则lg y x =为偶函数，且0x >时，lg y x =单调递增故选：D ． 【点睛】本题主要考查了判断函数的奇偶性以及单调性，属于中档题.5．设053a =．，30.5b =，3log 0.5c =，则a ，b ，c 的大小关系为（ ）A ．a b c >>B ．b a c >>C ．c b a >>D ．a c b >>【答案】A【解析】利用对数函数和指数函数的性质求解． 【详解】解：∵00.51333<<，∴0.5131<<，即13a <<， ∵3000.80.8<<，∴300.81<<，即01b <<， ∵3log y x =在(0,)+∞上为增函数，且0.51<， ∴33log 0.5log 10<=，即0c < ∴a b c >>， 故选：A ． 【点睛】此题考查对数式、指数式比较大小，属于基础题 6．为了得到函数2lg10x y -=的图象，只需把函数lg y x =的图象上所有的点（ ） A ．向左平移2个单位长度，再向上平移1个单位长度 B ．向右平移2个单位长度，再向上平移1个单位长度 C ．向左平移2个单位长度，再向下平移1个单位长度 D ．向右平移2个单位长度，再向下平移1个单位长度 【答案】D【解析】将所得函数解析式变形为()2lg lg 2110x y x -==--，然后利用函数图象的平移法则可得出结论.()2lglg 2110x y x -==--，为了得到函数2lg 10x y -=的图象，只需把函数lg y x=的图象上所有的点向右平移2个单位长度，再向下平移1个单位长度. 故选：D. 【点睛】本题考查函数图象的平移变换，要熟悉“左加右减，上加下减”基本原则的应用，考查推理能力，属于基础题.7．已知0x 是函数()112xf x x ⎛⎫=+ ⎪⎝⎭的一个零点，且()10,x x ∈-∞，()20,0x x ∈，则（ ）A ．()10<f x ，()20f x <B ．()10f x >，()20f x >C ．()10<f x ，()20f x >D ．()10f x >，()20f x <【答案】D【解析】判断()f x 在(),0-∞上的单调性，从而得出答案． 【详解】解：∵12xy ⎛⎫= ⎪⎝⎭在(),0-∞上单调递减，1y x =在(),0-∞上单调递减，∴()112xf x x ⎛⎫=+ ⎪⎝⎭在(),0-∞上单调递减，∵()00f x =，10x x <，020x x <<， 故选：D ． 【点睛】本题考查利用函数的单调性及零点，判断函数值的正负，考查函数与方程思想、转化与化归思想，考查逻辑推理能力. 8．已知函数()-=-x a f x x a，则下列说法中正确的是（ ）A ．若0a <，则关于x 的方程()f x a =有解B ．若0a ≤，则()1f x ≤恒成立C ．若关于x 的方程()f x a =有解，则01a <≤D ．若()1f x ≥恒成立，则0a ≥【解析】由0a <，结合方程的左右两边的符号可判断A ；由绝对值不等式的性质，可判断B ；由方程有解的条件，结合绝对值不等式的性质，可判断C ；由不等式恒成立和绝对值不等式的性质，可判断D ． 【详解】对于A ，若0a <，由于0x a x a->-，则关于x 的方程()f x a =无解，故A 错误；对于B ，若0a ≤，()1f x x a x a x x a a ≤⇔-≤-⇔--≤，由0a ≤，0x <时，0x x a -->不成立，可得()1f x ≤不恒成立，故B 错误； 对于C ，由()f x a =可得1x a x a=+-，首先当0a <，01xx a >+-，等式不成立，当1a >时，()1x a f x x a-=<-，等式不成立；若01a <≤，x a x a -≤-，可取01x a x a-<≤-，则等式成立，故C 正确；对于D ，1x ax a-≥-即为x a x a -≥-，即x x a a --≥，当0a <且0x <时，不等式也成立，故D 错. 故选：C ． 【点睛】本题考查了含绝对值的函数性质，考查了分类讨论思想和恒成立思想，同时考查了绝对值不等式的性质，有一定的计算量，属于较难题.二、填空题9．已知函数()y f x =的对应关系如表，函数()y g x =的图象如图所示的曲线ABC ，其中()1,3A ，()2,1B ，()3,2C ，则()3g f ⎡⎤⎣⎦的值为______．【答案】1【解析】由函数()y f x =的对应关系求出()3f 的值，结合()g x 的图象可得()()3g f 的值． 【详解】解：根据题意，由()f x 的表格可得：()32f =，则()()()321g f g ==， 故答案为：1． 【点睛】本题考查根据函数的图象和函数列表法表示，求函数值，考查运算求解能力，属于基础题.10．函数y =的定义域_______________； 【答案】()3,+∞【解析】根据对数真数大于零以及偶次根式下被开方数非负列不等式，解得定义域. 【详解】 由题意得()2log (2)02133,20x x x x x -≥⎧⇒->⇒>⇒∈+∞⎨->⎩.【点睛】本题考查函数定义域以及解对数不等式，考查基本求解能力. 11．若0a >，0b >，且24a b +=，则ab 的最大值是______． 【答案】2【解析】由于a 、b 为正值，且2+a b 为定值4，因此可以运用基本不等式先求出的最大值，进而求出ab 的最大值． 【详解】解：∵0a >，0b >，24a b +=∴42a b =+≥∴2ab ≤，当且仅当2a b =时取等号，即2a =，1b =时取等号 故答案为：2．【点睛】此题考查基本不等式的应用，应用基本不等式求最值要注意“一正二定三相等”的条件，属于基础题 12．下列说法中：①命题“对任意的1x >，有21x >”的否定为“存在1x ≤，有21x ≤”；②“对于任意的x D ∈，总有()f x M ≥（M 为常数）”是“函数()y f x =在区间D 上的最小值为M ”的必要不充分条件；③若1x ，()20,x ∈+∞，则函数()log a f x x =满足()()()1212f x f x f x x +=；④若1x ，2x ∈R ，12x x ≠，则函数()2xf x =满足()()121222f x f x x x f ++⎛⎫> ⎪⎝⎭．所有正确说法的序号______．（把满足条件的序号全部写在横线上） 【答案】②③④【解析】①直接利用命题的否定判断； ②函数的最小值和必要不充分条件的应用； ③对数的运算关系式的应用； ④根据基本不等式可得答案； 【详解】①命题“对任意的1x >，有21x >”的否定为“存在1x >，有21x ≤”，故①错误； ②“对于任意的x D ∈，总有()f x M ≥（M 为常数）”由于没有说明0x D ∈()0f x M =，所以“函数()y f x =在区间D 上的最小值为M ”不一定成立；函数()y f x =在区间D 上的最小值为M ，总有()f x M ≥（M 为常数）成立，故②正确；③若1x ，()20,x ∈+∞，则函数()log a f x x =满足()1212log log log a a a x x x x =+， 所以()()()1212f x f x f x x +=成立，故③正确；④若1x ，2x ∈R ，12x x ≠，()()1212,33x x f x f x ==，1212232x xx x f ++⎛⎫= ⎪⎝⎭， 因为()30xf x =>，所以()()1212122322x x f x f x x x f +++⎛⎫>=== ⎪⎝⎭，故④正确．故答案为：②③④. 【点睛】本题考查了命题的否定、函数的最小值和充分条件和必要条件的应用、对数的运算关系、不等式比较大小的问题.三、双空题13．已知函数()4f x x x x =⋅-，则该函数的单调递增区间为______，若方程()f x k =有三个不同的实根，则实数k 的取值集合是______． 【答案】(],2-∞-和[)2,+∞ ()4,4-【解析】作出函数()4f x x x x =⋅-，根据图象可得单调递增区间，通过()f x 的图象与y k =有三个不同的实根，即可求解实数k 的取值集合． 【详解】解：由函数()224,044,0x x x f x x x x x x x ⎧-≥=⋅-=⎨--<⎩，作出函数()f x 如图所示：方程()f x k =有三个不同的实根，即()f x 的图象与y k =有三个不同的交点， 故答案为：(],2-∞-和[)2,+∞；()4,4-【点睛】此题考查函数与方程，考查函数的单调性，考查数形结合的思想，属于基础题14．设函数()3,0log ,x x af x x x a≤≤=>⎪⎩，其中0a >．①若3a =，则()9f f =⎡⎤⎣⎦______；②若函数()1y f x =-有两个零点，则a 的取值集合是______．{}13a a ≤<【解析】①由分段函数的解析式，结合对数和根式的运算性质可得所求值； ②由题意可得()1f x =有两个不等的实根，据此列出关于a 的不等式，即可得到所求范围． 【详解】①()33log ,3x f x x x ≤≤=>⎪⎩，可得()39log 92f ==，()()92f f f ⎡⎤⎣⎦== ②若函数()1y f x =-有两个零点，等价为()1f x =有两个不等的实根．而y =3log y x =1≥且3log 1a <，所以13a ≤<，，{}13a a ≤<． 【点睛】本题考查分段函数的求值以及零点问题，难度一般.（1）求解嵌套的函数值一般由内而外去求解；（2）分析分段函数的零点、单调性时，一定要注意分析分段点处的情况.四、解答题15．设集合{}227150A x x x =+-≤，{}122B x a x a =-<<． （Ⅰ）若B =∅，求实数a 的取值集合； （Ⅱ）若A B ⊆，求实数a 的取值集合． 【答案】（Ⅰ）14a ≤；（Ⅱ）{}3a a >. 【解析】（Ⅰ）由空集的意义知，当且仅当212a a ≤-时，集合B 中无任何元素，解不等式即可得实数a 的取值范围；（Ⅱ）根据A B ⊆，得到a 的取值范围，即可得到结论． 【详解】解：∵集合{}()(){}2327150235052A x x x x x x x x ⎧⎫=+-≤=-+≤=-≤≤⎨⎬⎩⎭， （Ⅰ）∵B =∅，∴{}122x a x a -<<=∅，∴212a a ≤-，解得14a ≤， （Ⅱ）∵A B ⊆，则集合B ≠∅,所以212a a >-，则14a >∴1253322a a a -<-⎧⎪⇒>⎨>⎪⎩∴实数a 的取值集合为{}3a a >．【点睛】本题考查解二次不等式，根据集合的包含关系求参数的范围，属于中档题.16．求下列式子的值（要求有解答过程）()3log 49222log 8log 273log 9log 36⨯-+-． 【答案】52. 【解析】利用分数指数幂的运算性质和对数的运算性质求解．【详解】解：原式()23223log 23log 342log 32log 62=⨯-+- ()22995442log 31log 32222=+-+-+=-=⎡⎤⎣⎦． 【点睛】此题考查根式、对数、指数式运算，考查计算能力，属于基础题17．已知函数()11x x a f x a -=+（a 为常数，且0a >，1a ≠）． （1）判断()f x 的奇偶性并予以证明；（2）当2a =时，证明：函数()f x 在定义域内单调递增；（3）求使不等式()12f x >成立的x 的取值集合． 【答案】（1）奇函数，证明见解析；（2）证明见解析；（3）答案见解析.【解析】（1）只要检验()f x -与()f x 的关系即可判断，（2）设12x x <，然后利用作差法比较1f x 与2f x 的大小即可判断．（3）结合指数与对数的互化，结合a 的范围即可求解．【详解】解：（1）定义域R ，()()1111x xx xa a f x f x a a ---+-===-+-， 所以()f x 为R 上奇函数，（2）证明：212()12121x x x f x -==-++ 任取12,x x R ∈，且12x x <， 则121222()()1(1)2121x x f x f x -=---++ 21222121x x =-++ 12212(21)2(21)(21)(21)x x x x +-+=++ 12212(22)(21)(21)x x x x -=++ 因为12x x <，所以12220x x -<，21210,210x x +>+>，所以()()120f x f x -<，即()()12f x f x <，所以函数()f x 在R 上单调递增；（2）由()1121x x a f x a -=>+可得()1112x x a a ->+，所以3x a > 所以当1a >时，可得log 3a x >，当01a <<时，可得log 3a x <综上，当1a >时，{}log 3a x x >当01a <<时，{}og 3l a x x <．【点睛】此题考查函数奇偶性的判断和函数单调性的证明，考查指数不等式的解法，考查计算能力，属于基础题18．某城市出租车，乘客上车后，行驶3km 内（包括3km ）收费都是10元，之后每行驶1km 收费2元，超过15km ，每行驶1km 收费为3元．（1）写出付费总数y 与行驶路程x 收费之间的函数关系式；（2）乘客甲需要乘坐出租车与在15km 处等候的乘客乙共同到达20km 处的目的地，当出租车行驶了15km 后，乘客甲和乙有两种选择：两人一起换乘一辆出租车或者继续乘坐这辆出租车行驶完余下的5km 路程，请给出你对甲和乙的选择建议，并说明理由．【答案】（1）10,0324,315311,15x y x x x x <≤⎧⎪=+<≤⎨⎪->⎩；（2）两人一起换乘一辆出租车更划算．理由见解析.【解析】（1）由题可知，分三段03x <≤、315x <≤和15x >，写出y 与x 的函数关系即可；（2）根据（1）中的函数关系，分别求出两人一起换乘一辆出租车和两人继续乘坐这辆出租车的付费总数，比较大小后，选择较小者即可．【详解】解：（1）当03x <≤时，10y =；当315x <≤时，()102324y x x =+-=+；当15x >时，102123(15)311y x x =+⨯+-=-综上所述，10,0324,315311,15x y x x x x <≤⎧⎪=+<≤⎨⎪->⎩（2）若两人一起换乘一辆出租车，则3425448y =+⨯+=元，若两人继续乘这辆出租车，则3201149y =⨯-=，故两人一起换乘一辆出租车更划算．【点睛】此题考查函数的实际应用，考查逻辑推理能力和计算能力，属于基础题19．已知二次函数()225f x x ax =-+，其中1a >． （Ⅰ）若函数()f x 的定义域和值域均为[]1,a ，求实数a 的值；（Ⅱ）若函数()f x 在区间(],2-∞上单调递减，且对任意的1x ，[]21,1x a ∈+，总有()()123f x f x -≤成立，求实数a 的取值范围．【答案】（Ⅰ）2；（Ⅱ）2,1a ⎡∈⎣.【解析】（Ⅰ）求出()f x 的单调性，求出函数的最值，得到关于a 的方程，解出即可； （Ⅱ）根据()f x 在区间(],2-∞上是减函数，得出a 的一个取值范围；再对任意的1x ，[]21,1x a ∈+，()()()()12max 13f x f x f a f -=-≤，又可求出a 的一个取值范围；最后两者取交集，则问题解决．【详解】（Ⅰ）()225f x x ax =-+，开口向上，对称轴是1x a => ∴()f x 在[]1,a 递减，则()1f a =，即22251a a -+=，故2a =；（Ⅱ）因为()f x 在区间(],2-∞上是减函数，所以2a ≥．因此任意的1x ，[]21,1x a ∈+，总有()()123f x f x -≤，只需()()13f a f -≤即可解得：11a ≤≤+2a ≥因此2,1a ⎡∈⎣．【点睛】本题主要考查了已知二次函数单调区间求参数的范围以及根据二次函数的值域求参数的值，属于中档题.20．若在定义域内存在实数0x 使()()()0011f x f x f +=+成立，则称函数有“漂移点”0x ．（Ⅰ）请判断函数()2f x x=是否有漂移点？并说明理由； （Ⅱ）求证：函数()23x f x x =+在()0,1上存在漂移点；（Ⅲ）若函数()2lg a f x x=在()0,∞+上有漂移点，求实数a 的取值集合． 【答案】（Ⅰ）没有飘移点，理由见解析；（Ⅱ）证明见解析；（Ⅲ）{}01a a <<.【解析】（Ⅰ）按照“飘移点”的概念，只需方程有根即可，据此判断；（Ⅱ）本问利用零点定理即可判断，即判断端点处的函数值异号；（Ⅲ）若函数在()0,∞+上有飘移点，只需方程在该区间上有实根，然后借助于二次函数的性质可以解决．【详解】 （Ⅰ）假设函数2()f x x=有“飘移点” 0x ，则002221x x =++， 即20010x x ++=，由此方程无实根，与题设矛盾，所以函数2()f x x=没有飘移点．（Ⅱ）令()(1)()h x f x f x f =+--（1）212(1)3(3)4x x x x +=++-+- 2323x x =⨯+-，所以(0)1h =-，h （1）5=．所以(0)h h （1）0<，又()h x 在(0,1)连续，所以()0h x =在(0,1)至少有一个实根0x ，即函数2()3x f x x =+在(0,1)上存在漂移点； （Ⅲ）证明：若2()a f x lgx =在(0,)+∞上有飘移点0x ， 所以2200(1)a a lg lg lga x x =++成立，即2200·(1)a a a x x =+，0a >， 整理得2200200()(1)1x x a x x ==++， 由00x >，00011x x <<+，则01a <<． 则实数a 的取值集合是{|01}a a <<．本题考查了函数的方程与函数间的关系，即利用函数思想解决方程根的问题，利用方程思想解决函数的零点问题，属于难题.。

北京市牛栏山一中2019届高三上学期期中考试理科化学试卷

北京市牛栏山一中2019届高三上学期期中考试理科化学试卷

牛栏山一中2019届高三第一学期期中试题化学试卷本试卷共16页，38题（含选考题）。

全卷满分300分。

考试用时150分钟。

★祝考试顺利★注意事项：1、答题前，先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在试题卷和答题卡上，并将准考证号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。

用2B铅笔将答题卡上试卷类型A后的方框涂黑。

2、选择题的作答：每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。

3、非选择题的作答：用签字笔直接答在答题卡上对应的答题区域内。

写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。

4、选考题的作答：先把所选题目的题号在答题卡上指定的位置用2B铅笔涂黑。

答案写在答题卡上对应的答题区域内，写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。

5、考试结束后，请将本试题卷和答题卡一并上交。

可能用到的相对原子质量：H:1 Al:27 O:16 S:32 Ba:137 Na:23第Ⅰ卷（选择题共42分）1.下列物质加工或应用过程中不发生．．．化学变化的是A. AB. BC. CD. D【答案】A【解析】纯金制金饰品，只是形状改变，属于物理变化，故A正确；玉米酿酒是淀粉转化为酒精，属于化学变化，故B错误；油脂制皂是油脂在碱性条件下发生水解反应生成高级脂肪酸钠和甘油，属于化学变化，故C错误；氯气对自来水消毒，氯气与水反应生成盐酸和次氯酸，属于化学变化，故D错误。

2.下列说法正确的是A. 蛋白质的变性是可逆过程B. 天然油脂没有恒定的熔点、沸点C. 氨基乙酸不能溶于强酸溶液中D. 蔗糖的水解产物不能发生银镜反应【答案】B【解析】【详解】A.蛋白质遇强酸、强碱、重金属盐及某些有机物可发生变性，变性后失去原有的活性，变性为不可逆反应，故A错误；B. 天然油脂为混合物，则没有恒定的熔点、沸点，故B正确；C. 氨基乙酸含氨基、羧基，具有两性，含氨基可与强酸反应，故C错误；D.蔗糖的水解产物含葡萄糖，葡萄糖含-CHO可发生银镜反应，故D错误。

2019-2020年北京牛山一中第一学期高一期中考试-地理

2019-2020年北京牛山一中第一学期高一期中考试-地理

牛栏山一中2019-2020学年度第一学期期中考试地理试卷2019.11第一部分选择题（共63分）下列各小题均有四个选项，其中只有一项是符合题意要求的。

请将所选答案前的字母，按规定要求填涂在答题卡第1～42题的相应位置上。

（每小题1.5分）【2017年4月20日19时41分，中国第一艘货运飞船天舟一号从我国海南文昌发射基地成功发射，稳定运行5个月后，于9月22日18时左右，完成空间实验室阶段任务及后续拓展试验后，受控离轨，再入大气层。

结合图完成1-3题。

1. 在轨飞行的天舟一号属于 ( )A. 恒星B. 行星C. 卫星D. 星云2. 在轨飞行的天舟一号绕_____运行A. 太阳B. 地球C. 月球D. 金星3. 最有可能干扰天舟一号与地面指挥系统通信联系的是A. 太阳辐射B. 太阳活动C. 月球引力D. 流星现象】【在德国和日本，随处可见厂房和大楼屋顶的黑色“硅板”，这就是太阳能屋顶。

风和日丽的白天，“屋顶”将太阳能转化为电能,把富余的电能送入电网。

我国有关专家指出：上海没有油田和煤矿,但有两亿平方米的屋顶，不能辜负了屋顶上这片免费的阳光。

据此回答4-7题。

4. 关于太阳辐射对地球影响的叙述，正确的是①只有二十二亿分之一到达地球②产生“磁暴”现象的原动力③人类生产、生活的主要能量来源④太阳内部核反应的能量来源A. ①②B. ③④C. ①③D. ②④5. 上海的年平均太阳辐射量高于德国和日本，是因为A. 地势高，空气稀薄B. 河湖纵横，太阳有效辐射强C. 地面裸露，比热容大D. 纬度较低，晴天多6. 上海积极推广“太阳能屋顶计划”是因为A. 太阳能资源清洁、可再生，能量集中 B．上海人口稠密，经济发达，能源需求量大C．常规能源短缺，能源需求量大 D．是我国太阳能资源最丰富的地区7.与太阳辐射关系较密切的有①大气的运动②产生极光现象③火山的爆发④煤、石油的形成A．①③ B．①④ C．②③ D．②④】【贵州省多高原山地，其所辖瓮安县磷矿采区的始杯海绵（属海生无脊椎动物，生活在距今约6亿年前）化石打破了科学界对“最早”动物的一般共识。

2019-2020学年北京市顺义区牛栏山第一中学高三英语期中试题及参考答案

2019-2020学年北京市顺义区牛栏山第一中学高三英语期中试题及参考答案

2019-2020学年北京市顺义区牛栏山第一中学高三英语期中试题及参考答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项ABest Places to Visit in JulyNorway's FjordsMost travelers prefer to visit Norway's famous fjords (峡湾) in July because Norway has about 23 hours of daylight, giving travelers lots of time to take in the spectacular views of blue water, glaciers and mountains. July is also whenNorway's weather is at its warmest, about18℃, so travelers might include a light sweater in their luggage.Bastille Day inParisJuly 14 is a national day celebrating independence to the French. July 14, 1789, is the day the French stormed the Bastille, aParisprison, and officially began the French Revolution, overthrowing a royal government that often threw people in prison there for no reason at all. While the day is marked all overFrance, the biggest celebration takes place inParis.Masai Mara National ReserveThe thrill of seeing millions of animals wander the plains inKenyais not easily forgotten. One of the most popular months to visit the Masai Mara is in July when the famous wildlife migration reaches the Masai Mara and zebras are at their highest number. The best times to view the animals inKenya's most popular game park are dawn and dusk.Running of the Bulls inPamplonaTravelers who pride themselves on being fast runners may want to head toPamplonain July for the San Femin Festival. A key part of this annual festival is the running of the bulls. Six bulls are released onto a narrow street fora half-mile run, with hundreds of runners seeing if they can run faster than the animals.1. What can visitors do inNorway's in July?A. Enjoy the impressive scenery.B. Swim and fish in the fjords.C. See daylight around the clock.D. Buy heavy sweaters to keep warm.2. Which of the following is of historical significance?A. San Fermin Festival.B. Bastille Day.C. Masai Mara National Reserve.D.Norway's Fjords.3. Where will visitors interested in wild animals go?A. Norway.B. Paris.C. Masai Mara.D.Pamplona.BThe measurable threat to the environment has been worsened by the spread of COVID-19 that increases the need for plastic protective equipment. Most plastic is made from fossil fuels. Millions of tons of greenhouse gas are released from the development of these resources and plastic production and burning.The end life of plastic is just worrisome. Less than 10% of the plastic produced has been recycled. Even more of it has been burned. But the vast majority of plastic has been buried inland, and it is increasingly polluting the environment. We hear mostly about ocean plastic and the harm done to sea creatures that mistake plastic bags and bits for food. But microplastic is even more worrisome. Plastic doesn't break down biologically but instead breaks down into tiny particles（a very small piece of something）, which have been found in every corner of the planet, on land and in the air, in drinking water and food sources.Yet the public has not given this global environmental disaster the attention it requires. Instead, they have viewed single-use plastic—which makes up about 40% of plastic used each year—as a litter issue that can be solved through better recycling and waste management. That attitude must change because the recent global breakdown of the market for recycling has made it clear that it has never been, nor ever will be, able to keep up with plastic trash use.California has been the forerunner of plastic waste reduction—it was the first state to ban single-use plastic bags and may be the first state to transform the way goods are packaged. The state also came close to passing an act which would have required that products sold in plastic packaging in the state have a proven recycling rate of 75% by 2032. California, though influential, can't solve this crisis alone. The US has long been producing a great amount of plastic trash and it should engage in reducing the use of plastic as well.4. Why does the author mention the release of greenhouse gas in paragraph 1?A. To show the harm of plasticB. To warn of the climate change.C. To call for the development of fossil fuels.D. To highlight the importance of plastic equipment.5. What's the author's attitude towards the public opinion on single-use plastic?A. Favorable.B. Tolerant.C. Curious.D. Opposed.6. What's California's role in reducing plastic waste?A. A pioneer.B. A failure.C. An objector.D. A predictor.7. What can be the best title for the text?A. Microplastic Products Are HarmfulB. Waste Recycling Is an Urgent MatterC. Plastic Waste Pollution Is a Wake-up CallD. Global Environmental Disasters Are IncreasingCIn the past, most people received their news from newspapers, magazines, radio and TV. But now, almost anyone can report and publish on the Internet and share it as news through social media. But the problemis that not all of the information is true and not all of the reporting is trustworthy.Howard Schneider, a former editor of the newspapersNewsday,started the Center for News Literacy (素养) at Stony Book University in 2007. The center has multiple projects, but the most famous one is a course to teach news literacy. The course trains students to look for various details that may indicate the truth of the story.Michelle Sheng is a third-year student at theUniversityofMichigan. Sheng finds that students either just stop reading the news or only take news from one source that they trust. "A lot of people are tired of the news. People are too busy to keep up with the news, and it is really easy to take whatever news is given to you because you don’t have the time to figure it out yourself,“ she says.For her part, Sheng recently created a digital exhibit for the university library of images to educate students on steps they can take to better analyze the news.It is important to educate an even larger audience, beyond American university students. The Center for News Literacy has developed teaching resources, as well as a free online news literacy course. It is also trying to reach a younger audience. It has partnered with several secondary schools in the American state ofNew Yorkto teach news literacy.People should research and confirm what they read online. However, to change human behavior is a difficult thing, but that really is the only thing that is going to help. The biggest problem is not getting people to be able torecognize bad journalism or false news, but getting people to want to recognize it. Our brains are wired to the Internet to seek out information that agrees with our current beliefs.8. What’s purpose of the course “News Literacy”？A. To get rid of false information on the Internet.B. To make people realize the risk on the Internet.C. To train students to tell true information from the false.D. To teach students good habits of using information online.9. Why do students have difficulty judging the truth of news?A. They are too lazy.B. They are bored with news.C. They lack news resources.D. They lack time to check its realness.10. What does the Center try to do besides teaching university students?A. Educate the public.B. Improve the service online.C. Prevent children going online.D. Set up several secondary schools.11. What did the author suggest doing to solve the problem of false news?A. Believing whatever you see.B. Changing human behaviors.C. Questioning all the news online.D. Only trusting reliable information.DIn Australia, plenty of wild things can bite or sting(刺伤) you. Strangely enough, one of them is a tree. Now scientists have figured out what makes the tree’s sting so bad.The rainforests of eastern Australia are home to a stinging tree known as Dendrocnide. Many people callit the gympie-gympie tree—a name given to the tree by native Australians. It’s covered with sharp, needle-like hairs that carry poison. If you touch a gympie-gympie tree, you won’t forget it anytime soon. The pain can stay with you for hours, days or weeks. In some cases, it’s been reported to stay for months.Scientists have long looked for the source of this powerful sting. Now researchers at the University ofQueensland have discovered what makes this stinging plant so painful. After carefully studying different kinds of gympie-gympie trees, the scientists were able to separate out different chemicals that the trees produce. This allowed them to identify a group of chemicals that they believed was responsible for the pain.The researchers created artificial versions of these chemicals, which they call “gympietides”. Sure enough, when the scientists injected mice with gympietides, the mice licked(舔) at the places where they’d been injected, indicating that they hurt in those places. When the scientists studied the way gympietides were built, they found that they formed a knot-like shape. The shape makes the chemicals very stable, which helps explain why the pain stays so long.The knot-like shape of the gympietides was similar to the shape of poisons produced by poisonous spiders and cone snails. The scientists were surprised to see three very different kinds of life all using similar poisons. Spiders and cone snails carry poisons because they catch food by stinging other creatures. It’s not clear how stinging helps the gympie-gympie tree.Though the tree’s sting may stop some animals from eating it, it doesn’t stop all animals. Beetles and pademelons (small s of the kangaroo) are able to eat the plant without trouble.12. Why is a touch on the stinging tree unforgettable?A. Because it has so unusual an appearance.B. Because it is extremely rare in existence.C. Because touching it creates a quite strange feeling.D. Because the pain caused by it doesn’t go away quickly.13. What do scientists fail to find out about the stinging tree?A. How it produces poisons.B. What poisons it produces.C. How it benefits from the sting.D. The consequences of its sting.14. What does the text imply about the stinging tree?A. It produces the same poisons as spiders.B. Poisonous as it is, it also has natural enemies.C. Animals are wise enough to stay away from it.D. Only one chemical in it causes pain to the toucher.15. What’s the best title for the text?A. Scientists Discover Stinging Tree's SecretB. Caution: Stinging Tree Can Bite and Poison YouC. Scientists Discover a Strange Species in AustraliaD. Effective Ways to Avoid Being Hurt by Stinging Tree第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

2020届北京牛山一中高三上学期期中考试化学试题(解析版)

2020届北京牛山一中高三上学期期中考试化学试题(解析版)

牛栏山一中2019-2020学年度第一学期期中考试高三年级化学试卷可能用到的相对原子质量：H：1 C：12 O：16 N：14 Cl：35.5第Ⅰ卷（选择题）(共14小题，每小题3分。

在每小题列出的四个选项中，选出符合题目答案的一项）1.化学用语在化学学习中有着重要的作用。

下列有关化学用语使用正确的是（）A. 乙醇的分子式为C2H5OHB. Cl-的结构示意图C. HCl 的电子式D. 质量数为37的氯原子3717Cl【答案】D【解析】【详解】A．C2H5OH为乙醇的结构简式，乙醇的分子式为：C2H6O，选项A错误；B．氯离子核外有3个电子层，最外层有8个电子，氯离子的结构示意图：，选项B正确；C．HCl 是共价化合物，其电子式为，选项C错误；D．原子的左上角表示质量数，所以质量数为37的氯原子表示为：3717Cl，选项D正确；答案选D。

2.下列我国古代的技术应用中，其工作原理不涉及化学反应的是（）A．火药使用B．粮食酿酒C．转轮排字D．铁的冶炼A. AB. BC. CD. D【答案】C【解析】【详解】A．火药使用涉及反应为2KNO3+S+3C=K2S+N2↑+3CO2↑，发生化学反应，故A不选；B．粮食酿酒为淀粉在酒曲酶的作用下生成乙醇，发生化学反应，故B不选；C．转轮排字为印刷操作，没有涉及化学反应，故C选；D．铁的冶炼涉及3CO+Fe2O32Fe+3CO2，发生化学反应，故D不选；答案选C。

3.下列关于金属的腐蚀与防护的说法中不正确的是（）A. 舱底镶嵌锌块，锌作负极，以防船体被腐蚀B. 在潮湿的中性环境中，金属的电化学腐蚀主要是吸氧腐蚀，负极反应Fe－3e－=Fe3+C. 铁表面镀银，铁作阴极D. 可将地下输油钢管与外加直流电源的负极相连以保护它不受腐蚀【答案】B【解析】【详解】A、锌比铁活泼，与电解质形成原电池时，作负极，保护船体不被腐蚀，选项A正确；B、金属在潮湿的空气中易发生电化学腐蚀，并且一般是吸氧腐蚀，负极反应为Fe－2e－=Fe2+，选项B错误；C、预使铁表面镀银，则铁在阴极被保护，选项C正确；D、可将地下输油钢管与外加直流电源的负极相连做阴极被保护，不受腐蚀，属于外加电源的阴极保护法，选项D正确。

2019-2020学年北京市牛栏山第一中学高三英语上学期期中考试试卷及答案

2019-2020学年北京市牛栏山第一中学高三英语上学期期中考试试卷及答案

2019-2020学年北京市牛栏山第一中学高三英语上学期期中考试试卷及答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项ACourtyard Stay with Your DogsAs autumn approaches, we are inviting you to join us on our August dog event—Courtyard Stay with Yoga & Hike from August 21st to August 22nd nearQinglongLakein Fangshan district. This event will continue to raise fund for our Pre-treatment Guidance Project (PGP).Check out our full itinerary below:Day 1: Saturday, August 21stAt 9 am in the morning, you will be picked up by car or bus and head to Fangshan district. We have arranged a private courtyard house for a comfortable stay for the Saturday night. We will enjoy some local dishes for lunch, while enjoying the peaceful views of theQinglongLake. After lunch, we will go together for a light hike to the nearby mountain and water tracks with our dogs. For dinner, enjoy the coziest, home-style BBQ with both vegetable and meat options.Day 2: Sunday, August 22ndAfter breakfast, we will join a yoga teacher for a deeply relaxing yoga session, with the company of the morning sun. You can choose to hike a bit more afterwards in theforest park. We will be checking out around 4 pm in the afternoon, returning to our homes.Reservation: Please add our event manager, Diana, on Wechat to reserve a spot for yourself and your dog, a full payment will be required upon signing up. If you don’t have a dog but would still like to hang out with dogs, you are more than welcome to join too!Pricing:Early Bird Fee: 1400 RMB per human for the first four participants only before 7th August.Children Price: 800 RMB (4—13 years old).Full Price: 1600 RMB per human.All surplus funds and donations will go to our Pre-treatment Guidance Program.Please bring your ID, your dog’s ID and vaccine proof for any potential security check.We can’t wait to see you soon！1. Who would be most interested in the weekend activity?A. Taxi drivers.B. Yoga coaches.C. Pet dog owners.D. The PGP members.2. According to the itinerary, on August 22nd, you can ________.A. join a teacher to do some yogaB. have some local dishes for lunchC. enjoy the coziest, home-style BBQD. go together for a hike to the water tracks3. The purpose of the countryside stay activity is to________.A. promote theQinglongLakeB. raise fund for a public projectC. teach skills of BBQ and keeping dogsD. provide access to dogs for people without petsBThermoelectric generators turn waste heat into electricity without producing greenhouse gas emissions, like a free lunch. But the high cost of these devices has prevented their widespread use. Now, researchers have found a way to make cheap thermae-lectrices that work just as well. The work could pave the way for greener car engines, and other energy-generating devices.“This looks like a very smart way to realize high performance,” says Li-Dong Zhao, a materials scientist. He notes there are still a few more steps before these materials can become high-performing. However, he says, “This will be used in the not too far future.”Thermoelectrics are semiconductor devices placed on a hot surface. That gives them a hot side and a cool side. If a device allows the hot side to warm up the cool side, the electricity stops flowing. A device’s success at preventing this, as well as its ability to conduct electrons, feeds into a score known as the figure of merit, or ZT.Researchers have produced thermoelectric materials with increasing ZTs. The record came in 2014 when Mercouri Kanatzidis came up with a tin selenide with a ZT of 3.1. Yet the material was too fragile to work with. “For practical applications, it’s a non-star-ter,” Kanatzidis says.Getting through that door will still take some time. The tin selenide the team makes is mixed with Na, creating a “p-type” material that conducts positive charges. To make working devices, researchers also need an “n-type” version to conduct negative charges.Zhao’s team is now working on making an n-type version. Once successful, researchers should have a clear path to making a new generation of super-efficient thermoelectric genera-tors. Those could be installed everywhere from automobile exhaust pipes to water heaters and industrial smelters toscavengesome of the 65%of fossil fuel energy that winds up as waste heat.4. The first paragraph wants to tell us________.A. The wide use of thermoelectric generatorsB. The devices of current thermoelectric generatorsC. The reason why researchers make cheap thermoelectricsD. The greener car engines that contribute to environmental protection5. How does Li-Dong Zhao feel about cheap thermoelectric generators?A. Indifferent.B. Optimistic.C. Critical.D. Worried.6. What do you know about the research in 2014 from paragraph 4 and 5?A. It was far from a success for practical applications.B. A tin selenide with a ZT of 3.1 can be easy to work with.C. Researchers made an “n-type” version to make working devicesD. A “p-type” material made from the tin selenide conducts negative charges7. What does the underlined word “scavenge” in the last paragraph mean?A. Recycle.B. Produce.C. Clean.D. Increase.CBack about 20 months ago I started college and just struggled with everything, such as classes and friends. I quickly became depressed and angry at myself for not being about to do better in school, in addition to lack of friends due to poor social and communication skills.This went on for months until my 19th birthday. My parents sent me a cake, which was a great cake. But I remember having this large cake and ly no one to share it with. I ended throwing out the cake after having one piece, with about 90 % of it leftover. That night I was depressed that I decided to go outside to the freezing temperature of the winter and run. I put my earphones in, went outside and ran about 2 miles at 11 p.m. on my birthday.When I got back inside I was content. I was proud of what I was able to do. The next night I did the same. I wasn’t quick or fit but you know that I went outside and did something. This continued for about 2 months until I finally worked up the courage to go to the gym, where I started swimming again as I used to in high school. A month went by and I started lifting weights and continually running.Looking back I can see that exercise helped cure my depression but it didn’t only do that. At the gym I met new friends and back at my dorm I grew confidence to go to the end of the hall seeing people playing SuperSmash Brothers and ask if I could join.So go forward to present now. I exercise every day and look forward to that hour and a half I get daily to do what I love with people who love it as well. I hope this helps someone who may be or have been in a similar situation.8. What made the author decide to run at night?A. His l9th birthday.B. His parents’ cake.C. His loneliness.D. His friends.9. Which of the following best describes the author?A. Traditional.B. Determined.C. Humorous.D. Generous.10. What is the biggest benefit of the author’s running?A. Regaining his confidence.B. Losing his weight.C. Playing with his brothers.D. Joining other activities.11. Why do you think the author wrote this passage?A. To recall his life in college.B. To show his gratitude to his parents.C. To emphasize the importance of friendship.D. To share his experience of dealing with hardship.DThe Gata used to look annoyed when they received power bills that routinely topped $200. Last September the couple moved into a 1,500-square-foot home in Premier Gardens, an area of 95 “zero-energy homes” (ZEH) just outside town. Now they're actually eager to see their electricity bills. The grand total over the 10 months they've lived in the three-bedroom house: $75. For the past two months, they haven’t paid a cent.ZEH communities are the leading edge of technologies that might someday create houses that produce as much energy as they consume. Premier Gardens is one of a half-dozen subdivisions (住宅开发项目) in California where every home cuts power consumption by 50%, mostly by using low power appliances and solar panels.Aside from the panels on the roof, Premier Gardens looks like a community of traditional homes. But inside, special windows cut power bills by blocking solar heat in summer and keeping indoor warmth winter.The rest of the energy savings comes from the solar units. They don't just feed the home they serve. If they generate more power than the home is using, the excess flows into the utility's power grid(电网). The residentsare billed by “net metering”: they pay for the amount of power that they get from the grid, minus the kilowatts(千瓦) they feed into it. If a home generates more power than it uses, the bill is zero.That sounds like a bad deal for the power company, but it's not. Solar homes produce the most power on the hot sunny afternoons when everyone rushes home to turn up the air conditioner. "It helps us lower usage at peak power times," says solar expert Mike Keesee. “That lets us avoid building costly plants or buying expensive power at peak usage time.”What’s not to like? Mostly the costs. The special features can add $25,000 or more to the purchase price of a house. Tax breaks bring the cost down, especially in California, but in many states ZEHs can be extremely expensive. For the consumer, it's a matter of paying now for the hardware to save later on the power bill.12. Why is the Gata eager to see their electricity bills now?A. They want to cut down their utility' expenses.B. They want to know if they are able to pay.C. They want to see how much they have saved.D. They want to avoid being overcharged.13. What is special about the ZEH communities?A. They are built in harmony with the environment.B. They have created cutting edge technologies.C. They are subdivided into half a dozen sections.D. They aim to be independent in power supply.14. What does the "net metering" practice mean to the power company?A. More pressure at peak timeB. Reduced operational costs.C. Increased electricity output.D. Less profits in the short term.15. The author believes that buying a house in a ZEH community __________.A. is a worthy investment in the long runB. is but a dream for average consumersC. gives the owner great tax benefitsD. contributes toenvironmental protection第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

2020届北京市顺义牛栏山第一中学高三上学期期中考试数学试题 PDF版

2020届北京市顺义牛栏山第一中学高三上学期期中考试数学试题 PDF版

牛栏山一中2019―2020学年度高三上学期期中考试数学试卷2019.11 本试卷共2页，150分.考试时长120分钟.考生务必将答案答在答题卡上.一、选择题：本大题共8小题,每小题5分,共40分.在每小题列出的四个选项中,选出符合题目要求的一项.M x N x2 ，则下列结论正确的是{ | 3}1.若集合A.1MB.2MC.0MD. 2 M2. 下列函数中，值域是[0,) 是A．y 2x B.1y x 2 C.y sin x D.y | x 1|3.1，a ，b ，c ，4成等比数列，则b =A. 2B.2C. 2D.不确定4.若a (1,1)，b ( 3,1) ，则a 与b 的夹角为A.150B.300C.450D.6005.定义域均为R 的两个函数f (x) ，g(x) ，f (x) g(x) 为奇函数是f (x) ，g(x) 均为奇函数的A.充分不必要条件B.必要不充分条件C.充分必要条件D.既不充分也不必要条件6.两点A(m,3) ，B(cos,sin) ，在m ，变化过程中，| AB | 的最小值为A.1B.2C.3D.与m 有关7.过曲线E : y2 4x的焦点F 并垂直于x 轴的直线与曲线E 交于A ，B ，A 在B 上方，M 为抛物线上一点，OM OA 2OB ，则=A.0B.3C.0 或3D. 3 48.如图，平面内两条直线l1 和l2 相交于点O，构成的四个角中的锐角为600 .对于平面上任意一点M ，若p,q 分别是M 到直线l1 和l2 的距离，则称有序非负实数对(p,q) 是点M 的“距离坐标”，给出下列三个命题：①（1，0）点有且仅有两个；②（2，3）点有且仅有4个；③若p 2q ，则点M 的轨迹是两条过O 点的直线；④满足p2 q2 1的所有点(p,q)位于一个圆周上.其中正确命题的个数是- 1 -A.1B.2C.3D.4二、填空题:本大题共6小题,每小题5分,共30分.9.复数z1i1i的虚部为__________.10. 数列{a }的前n 项和为n S ，若S n 2 2n ，则a =_______. n n 3x y2 211.在平面直角坐标系xOy 中，双曲线C : 1(a 0,b 0) 的左、右焦点分别为a b2 2 F ，F ，以1 2F 为圆心，2a 为半径的圆与双曲线的渐近线相切，则双曲线的渐近线方程为_______.12.右图是以C 为圆心一个圆，其中弦AB 的长2 ，则AC AB =_______.C 13. 里氏震级M 的计算公式为: M lg A lg A ,其中A 是测震仪记录的地震曲线的最A B大振幅, A是相应的标准地震的振幅,假设在一次地震中,测震仪记录的最大振幅是1000,此时标准地震的0振幅为0.001,则此次地震的震级为__________级; 9级地震的最大振幅是5级地震最大振幅的__________倍.14. 已知x 1f (x ) | a1|x 1（x 1，a 0），f (x) 与x 轴交点为A ，若对于f (x) 图像上任意一点P ，在其图像上总存在另一点Q （P ，Q 异于A ），满足AP AQ ，且| AP || AQ|，则a ________.三、解答题：（本大题共6个题，共计80分.解答应写出文字说明，演算步骤或证明过程）15. (13分)在△ABC中，a 2 c 2 b 2 ac ．（Ⅰ）求∠ B 的大小；（Ⅱ）若a c 6 ，△ABC的面积为 2 3 ，求b .PE16.(13分)如图，在四棱锥P ABCD中，PA 底面ABCD ，A D PA AB BC 2 3 ,AC CD ，ABC 60°,E 是PC 的中点．（Ⅰ）证明CD AE ；B C （Ⅱ）若AB AD，（i）求直线PC 与平面AE B 所成角的正弦值；（ii）设平面AE B与侧棱PD 交于F ，求PFFD.- 2 -S 为数列{a }的前n项和．已知17. (13分)设{a }是公比大于1的等比数列，n n n S 3 7 ，且a a a1 3，3 2，3 4构成等差数列．（Ⅰ）求数列{a }的通项公式；n{ln a }的前n项和T n ．（Ⅱ）求数列2n 1x y2 218.(14分)设A 为椭圆的下顶点，椭圆长半轴的长等于椭圆的短轴长，且椭圆E 经E : 1 a b 0a b2 23过点 (1, )2.（Ⅰ）求椭圆的方程；（Ⅱ）过点A 的直线与直线y 2交于点M ，与椭圆交于B ，点B 关于原点的对称点为C ，直线AC 交直线y 2交于点N ，求| MN | 的最小值.19. (14分)已知函数f (x ) x 2 8x, g(x ) 6ln x m.（Ⅰ）若曲线y f (x) 与曲线y g(x) 在它们的公共点处且有公共切线，求m 的值；（Ⅱ）若存在实数n 使不等式f (x ) g(x) 的解集为 (0,n) ，求实数m 的取值范围.20. (13 分)对于正整数集合 A = {a ,a , ,a } （n N，n 3 ），如果任意去掉其中一个元素1 2 n a i（i = 1, 2, ,n）之后，剩余的所有元素组成的集合都能分为两个交集为空集的集合，且这两个集合的所有元素之和相等，就称集合A为“可分集合”.（I）判断集合{1, 2,3, 4,5}和{1, 3, 5，7, 9,11，13} 是否是“可分集合”（不必写过程）；（II）求证：五个元素的集合A= {a ,a ,a ,a ,a }一定不是“可分集合”；1 2 3 4 5（III）若集合 A = {a ,a , ,a }（n N，n 3）是“可分集合”1 2 n①证明：n为奇数；②求集合A中元素个数的最小值.- 3 -期中考试答案一、选择题1.C2.D3.B4.A5. B6.B7.C8.C二、填空题9．1 10. 9 11. y x 12. 2 13.6；104 14. 2 三、解答题15.解：（1）因为 a c b ac ，cos2 2 2 Ba c b2 2 2，---------------------------------------2 2ac分所以cos1B ，---------4分2因为0 B 1800 -----------------------------5分所以B 60 -------------------------------6分（2）12ac sin B 2 3 ，------------------------------7分所以ac 8 ，-------------------------------------------------9分a c acb ，即2 2 2 a c 2 3ac b2 ----------------11分因为因为a c 6 ，所以b 2 3 ------------------------------13分16.解：（1）因为PA 面ABCD ,CD 平面ABCD所以PA CD,----------------------1分因为AC CD，AC PA A ,所以CD 面PAC ,-----------------------------------------------------3分因为AE 平面PAC所以CD AE --------------------------------------------------------4分（2）以A为原点，AB为x轴，AD为y轴，AP为z轴建立空间直角坐标系如图：- 4 -3 3则B 2 3,0,0,C 3,3, 0,E, ,32 2所以AE3 3, , 32 22 3,0,0AB ----------------------------------------5分设面ABE 的法向量为n x0, y0,z0AB n 0，所以n 0,2, 3----------------------------------------------7分AE nP0,0, 2 3,PC 3,3, 2 3，设直线PC 与面ABE 所成角为，PC nPC nsin cos PC,nPC n427，直线PC 与平面AEF 所成角的正弦值为427.------------10分D ,PD 0,4, 2 3,设F x, y, z，0, 4,0PF FD (0 1) ，----------------------11分x, y, z 2 30,4, 2 3，x 0y 43所以F 0, 4,2 3 2 3，所以AF 0, 4,2 3 2 3---------------12分AF n ，所以 30 ,7所以PFFD3----------------------------13分4a a a7，1 2 317.解：（1）由已知得: ( 3) (4)a a1 32---------------2分3a .2a ．----------------------------------4分2 2解得设数列{a }的公比为q，由 2 2a ，可得n2a ，a 2q ．1 3q- 5 -又S ，可知2 2 2q 73 7 ，q即2q 2 5q 2 0，-----------------------6分1q 2，q．解得1 22由题意得q 1，q 2．----------------------7分1 1．a故数列{a }的通项为2n 1a ．-------------------8分nn（2）因为b ln a ln 22n 2n ln2 -------------------------10分n 2n 1T n （1+2+ +n) 2ln 2 --------------------------------------------11分所以{n}是以1为首项，1为公差的等差数列-------------------------------------------12分所以T nn(n 1)2ln 2 n(n 1) ln 2 -------------------13分218.解：（1）因为a 2b ，a 2 b 2 c2 ，所以x y2 22 2 1，-----------2分4b b3代入21,b 21，，所以x24y 2 1.----------------------------------------------3分（2）由题意可知直线的斜率存在----------------4分直线AB的方程为y kx 1，-------------------------------5分y kx 1 ，y 2x1 ，所以 M k 1 , 2k，-------------------6分y kx 1，消去 y 得14k x8kx0，----------7分222x2 y 1 4 xB8k 1 4k 2， y B4k 1 2 1 4k2，- 6 -所以28k 4k 1B ,1 4k 1 4k2 2--------------------------------------8分所以C28k 1 4k-------------------------------------9分,2 21 4k 1 4k直线AC的斜率kAC 1 4k21 11 4k28k 4k1 4k2，-------------10分x直线AC的方程为y 1，当y 2时，x 4k ，所以N 4k ,2-----------------11分4k1MN 4k ---------------------12分k不妨设k 0 ，1 1 ，当且仅当4k 1MN 4k 2 4k 4 即k 2 时等号成立k k k所以| MN | 的最小值为4.----------------- ---------------14分' 619. 解：（1） f x x ，g x 6ln x m ，f x x 2 8x ，' 2 8g x --------2分x设交点坐标为x0 ,y0 ，所以0 ,062x 8解得xx或0 3x --------------------3分0 1当x 0 1时，y m且y 所以m 7 ---------------------------------------4分0 7当x 03，y 所以6ln3m 15，所以m 15 6ln3----------------------5分0 15（2）h x f x g x x 2 8x 6ln x m x 0 ，-----------------------6分' 6 2x 2x 3h x 2x 8----------------------------------------7分x x令h'(x ) 0 ，得x 1或3x (0,1) 1 （1，3） 3 (3,)h'(x) —0 + 0 —h(x) 单调递减极小值单调递增极大值单调递减极小值h 1 7 m ，极大值h 315 6ln3m ----------------------------9分存在实数n 使不等式f (x ) g(x) 的解集为(0,n)的必要条件为：- 7 -所以h 1 0或h 3 0 ，解得m 7或m 15 6ln3----------------------------11分当m 7时,令x8 64 4m4 ，则2h(x )所以在(3,) 存在唯一的零点----------------------------------------------12分m当m 15 6ln3 1时，0 6 1e当0 x 1时，x 2 8x x (8x ) 0 ，m，所以h(e 6 )m所以在(e 6 ,1) 存在唯一的零点，---------------------------------------------13分综上所述存在实数n 使不等式f(x ) g(x) 的解集为(0,n)的m 取值范围为(,7) (156ln3,) .-----------------------------14分20. 解：（ 1 ）集合{1, 2,3, 4,5} 不是“可分集合”，集合{ 1 , 3，, 5 7，, 9 是可分集合………………………….3分a < a < a < a < a ，（2）不妨设1 2 3 4 5{a ,a ,a ,a }分成两个交集为空集的子集，且两个子集元素之和相等，则有将集合1 3 4 5 a + a = a + a ①，1 5 3 4a = a + a + a ②；或者5 1 3 4{a ,a ,a ,a }分成两个交集为空集的子集，且两个子集元素之和相等，则有a + a = a + a ③，将集合2 3 4 5 2 5 3 4a = a + a + a ④.或者5 2 3 4a = a ，矛盾；由①、④，得a = - a ，矛盾；由①、③，得1 2 1 2a = - a ，矛盾；由②、④，得a = a ，矛盾.由②、③，得1 2 1 2因此当n = 5时，集合A一定不是“和谐集”.-------------------------8分（III）①设集合A= {a ,a , ,a }所有元素之和为M .1 2 nM - a （i = 1, 2, ,n）均为偶数，因此由题可知，i a （i = 1, 2, ,n）的奇偶性相同. i如果M 为奇数，则a（i = 1, 2, ,n）也均为奇数，由于M = a + a + + a ，所以n为奇数.i 1 2 n如果M 为偶数，则a（i = 1, 2, ,n）均为偶数，此时设a = 2b ，则{b ,b , ,b }也是“可分集合”.重i i i 1 2 n复上述操作有限次，便可得各项均为奇数的“可分集合”.此时各项之和也为奇数，集合A中元素个数为- 8 -奇数. 综上所述，集合A中元素个数为奇数.②当n = 3时，显然任意集合{a ,a ,a }不是“可分集合”.1 2 3当n = 5时，第（II）问已经证明集合A= {a ,a ,a ,a ,a }不是“可分集合”1 2 3 4 5当n = 7 时，易验证集合A = {1, 3, 5, 7, 9,11,13}是“可分集合”.所以集合A中元素个数n的最小值是7. ----------------------------------14分- 9 -。

2019-2020学年北京市牛栏山第一中学高三英语期中试卷及答案

2019-2020学年北京市牛栏山第一中学高三英语期中试卷及答案

2019-2020学年北京市牛栏山第一中学高三英语期中试卷及答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AIn Sweden, McDonald’s is building “bee hotels” on the back of its roadside billboards (广告牌) to help save the country’s decreasing bee population. It launched the campaign together with outdoor advertising giant JCDecaux. Six large wooden bee hotels, with drilled holes on the front, first appeared on the back of a north-facing billboard in Jarfalla in September.“Without pollination (授粉) from bees, a thirdof the food we eat would be threatened.” McDonald’s said. But it turns out that at least 30 percent of the country’s wild bee population is endangered, according to the fast-food chain. A big problem is that they lack places to live. Based on data released by Chalmers University of Technology, we know Sweden owns 274 species of bees, of which 37 species are bumblebees, and more than a third are decreasing or face the risk of decreasing. Their natural habitats have been damaged by factors including the changes of agricultural activities and fast urbanization (城市化). Fortunately, most bees are able to survive in urban habitats, like the bee hotels.Every McDonald’s authorized restaurant in Sweden will be allowed to order their own bee hotel billboards and design the messages by themselves, as the fast-food chain says. It is their hope that the number of hotels could grow to a greater extent in the near future. Great efforts in addition to that have been made by the company. On World Bee Day, May 20, it introduced “the world’s smallest McDonald’s”. McHive, which could function as an actual beehive (蜂箱). Designed by set designer Nilsson himself, the creation was sold for $10,000 at a charity fundraiser held for Ronald McDonald House Charities.Beehives can be found on the rooftops of some McDonald’s restaurants in Sweden, too. This took place in certain areas but is now followed by an increasing number of participants. More McDonald’s restaurants are making an effort to improve the living conditions of wild bees by removing the grass round their restaurants to grow flowers and plants instead.1. According to the passage, the challenge that wild bees are facing is ________A. the fast process of industry.B. the world's Large amount of trash.C. the rapid development of urbanization.D. the sharp growth of population.2. How does McDonald's help wild bees in Sweden?A. By providing shelters for bees.B. By offering food to bees.C. By advertising rescue activities.D. By putting up more billboards.3. What is the best title for the text?A. Wild bees in dangerB. The loss of bees’ habitatsC McDonald’s bee hotelsD. The protection of wild beesBSleep problems in early childhood may be linked to the development of certain mental health disorders in adolescence, according to a new research.A study of 7,155 children in theUnited Kingdomfound that waking up frequently during the night and irregular sleep routines as babies and toddlers was linked to psychotic experiences in children aged 12 and 13. Also, children who slept for shorter periods at night were more likely to be associated with borderline personality disorder at ages 11 and 12.The research, published in the journalJAMA Psychiatry, was the first time possible links between early childhood sleep problems and adolescent psychotic experiences and borderline personality disorder (BPD) symptoms have been examined.“We know from previous research that persistent nightmares in children have been associated with both psychosis and borderline personality disorder,” said lead author Isabel at theInstituteofMental Healthat theUniversityofBirmingham.“But nightmares don’t tell the whole story. We’ve found that, in fact, a number of behavioral sleep problems in childhood can point towards these problems in adolescence,” she said.Adolescence, typically defined as the ages between 10 and 19, is a key period in human development because of brain and hormonal changes, anditis now thought to be when many mental health problems start.Prior research inAustraliafound that babies with persistent severe sleep problems in their first year were at greater risk for anxiety and emotional issues in later childhood. Sleep problems in children and adolescents havebeen shown to predict the development of various emotional and behavioral problems, including depression, anxiety, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, risk-taking and aggression. However, findings have been inconsistent, especially when based on objective measurements of sleep, rather than parental reports.Sleep and mental health are closely connected in adults, with sleep problems increasing the risk for developing particular mental illnesses as well as resulting in mental health issues.4. What can we know from paragraph 3?A. Childhood sleep problems probably cause youth mental health problems.B. Severe sleep problems in childhood lead to emotional issues.C. Persistent nightmares in children are closely related to psychosis.D. The research has not been known to the public.5. What does “it” refer to in paragraph 6?A. Adolescence.B. Key period.C. Human developmentD. Hormonal change.6. According to the Australian research, older children who had long-term serious sleep issues at one year old are more likely to ________.A. grow slowlyB. develop attention-deficit hyperactivity disorderC. do badly in lessonsD. suffer from anxiety7. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A. A Study About Childhood Sleep Problems Is Under ProgressB. Pay Attention to Children Who Lack SleepC. Childhood Sleep Issues Linked to Adolescent Mental Health ProblemsD. How to Help Children Develop a Good Sleep HabitCWhere do you find beauty? Fashion Magazines? Music Videos? One American photographer is finding beauty in unexpected places. And a new documentary about his work might help change the traditional standards of “who” is beautiful.Rick Guidotti put aside his career as a fashion photographer to turn his lens to people living with genetic, physical and behavioral differences. He says what changed his perception of beauty was a chance encounter with an albino （白化病）girl.“I was just tired of people telling me who was beautiful. Every season that face would change but I was always toldwho was beautiful. As an artist, I don't see beauty just on covers of magazines. I see it everywhere. So it was my initial intention that opened my eyes a little wider and wider.” Said Guidotti.Guidotti has created Positive Exposure, a not-for-profit organization that uses photography and video to transform public views and promote a world where differences are celebrated. Guidotti and Positive Exposure are featured in a new documentary called On Beauty.The cast and crew recently hosted a screening at Georgetown University in Washington. One of the women featured in the film is Jayne Waithera. “I never thought I was beautiful because nobody said that to me, but meeting him was my profound moment. I remember that particular day he took my picture and I felt so good like I felt there's somebody who, really loves me and sees me for who I am and who sees me more than my condition.” said Waithera.The documentary is the idea of producer Joanna Rudnick. After seeing Guidotti's photos, she decided to tell his story. Joanna and Guidotti are traveling from city to city to promote On Beauty. “As I travel from community to community, I'm taking photographs and I'm encouraging individuals with a positive sense of who they are. They're seeing beauty in their reflection but I'm also encouraging their families and they in turn are encouraging their communities as well. All is based on the philosophy of change how you see,see how you change.”8. What made Rick change his understanding of beauty?A. A girl diagnosed with albino.B. His job as a fashion photographer.C. The beauty on the covers of magazines.D. Influence from the people working with him.9. What can we infer about Jayne Waithera?A. She showed great interest in taking photos.B. She used to be disappointed at her work and life.C. She was greatly influenced by the experience with Rick.D. She believed Rick was the best photographer in the world.10. Which of the following words can best describe On Beauty?A. abstract and differentB. traditional and academicC. tolerant and encouragingD. creative and interesting11. What's the best title of the text?A. True Beauty In The Eye Of A PhotographerB. Beautiful Or Not Beautiful,That's A QuestionC. Be Who You Are Not Who You Want To BeD. A Different photographer, A Different MagazineDIn the summer of 2016, I gave a talk at a small conference in northernVirginia. I began by admitting that I’d never had a social-media account; I then outlined arguments for why other peopleshould consider removing social media from their lives. The event organizers uploaded the video of my talk to YouTube. Then it was shared repeatedly on Facebook and Instagram and, eventually, viewed more than five million times. I was both pleased and annoyed by the fact that my anti-social-media talk had found such a large audience on social media.I think of this event as typical of the love-hate relationships many of us have with Facebook, Instagram, and other social-media platforms. On the one hand, we’ve grown cautious about the so-called attention economy, which, in the name of corporate(公司的) profits, destroys social life gradually and offends privacy. But we also benefit from social media and hesitate to break away from it completely. Not long ago, Imet a partner at a large law firm in Washington, D.C., who told me that she keeps Instagram on her phone because she misses her kids when she travels; looking through pictures of them makes her feel better.In recent months, some of the biggest social-media companies, Facebook and Twitter, in particular, have promised various reforms. In March, Mark Zuckerberg announced a plan to move his platform toward private communication protected by end-to-end encryption(端对端加密); later that month, he put forward the establishment of a third-party group to set standards for acceptable content.All of these approaches assume that the reformation of social media will be a complex, lengthy, and gradual process. But not everyone sees it that way. Alongside these official responses, a loose collective of developers that calls itself the IndieWeb has been creating another alternative. They are developing their own social-media platforms, which they say will preserve what’s good about social media while getting rid of what’s bad. They hope to rebuild social media according to principles that are less corporate and more humane(人道的).12. Why did the author feel annoyed when his video was spread online?A. His video caused many arguments.B. His video was shared without his permission.C. His talk was opposed by a large amount of people.D. His video’s popularity on social media is against his talk.13. Why does the author mention the story of his partner in paragraph 2?A. To prove that social media has some benefits.B. To advise people to break away from social media.C. To tell the negative effects social media may produce.D. To describe people’s complicated relationships with social media.14. What is the purpose of the reform made by some social-media companies?A. To attract more users.B. To improve network environment.C. To make more profits.D. To provide more convenientservice.15. What does the IndieWeb intend to do?A. Develop new social-media platforms.B. Remove social media from people’s lives.C. Improve the existing social-media principles.D. Help social-media companies to make reformation.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

2019北京顺义牛栏山一中高一(上)期中语文 (1)

2019北京顺义牛栏山一中高一(上)期中语文 (1)

绝密★启用前2020-2021学年高一上学期期中考试试卷语文考试时间：150分钟试卷分数：150分一、本大题共1小题，共24分．1．（24分）阅读下面的材料，完成各题。

材料一最近，一款名为“旅行青蛙”的游戏在网络上走红。

游戏主角是一只青蛙，它独自吃饭，读书，外出旅行。

玩家能做的，就是在庭院里采摘三叶草“赚钱”，为它准备餐食，给它整理出发的行囊，然后发现它一声不响地离开，再等它悄无声息．．的画面，没有复杂的操作流程，游戏设置朴素到寡淡，却让很多人．．．．地归来。

没有激烈炫目投入其中，原因在于这款游戏对现实生活的深刻隐喻引发了人们强烈的共鸣。

“养蛙”，“养娃”，相近的读音，让人联想到相似的生活场景。

傍晚归家，我们总会看到餐桌上摆好了父母早已准备好的可口饭菜；离开家乡，日益年迈的父母除了惦念，能做的也只是帮助我们整理行囊，多备些衣物吃食，将家的温暖尽力延续得久一点儿。

这份长情的付出，是游戏内外并无二致．．．．的父母深情。

只不过，这份深情常常被一种“空巢”的孤独覆盖。

前一晚，“蛙儿子”还在桌前吃饭、床上读书，第二天一早，房间里却已不见踪影。

更多时间，是玩家一人面对空荡荡的房间，等待它的归来。

玩家只能凭借它从远方寄来的一张张照片去想象“蛙儿子”过得怎样，现在何方。

那份独自思念的寂寥，那份不知归期的守候，让我们隐约体会到了父母“空巢”之后的苦楚与不易，却也难说我们真正懂得了那些一别数载、难得团聚的“空巢老人”的复杂心情。

毕竟，游戏带来的体验与现实相比，还是浅薄了些。

反观这只青蛙，何尝不是另一种“空巢”角色？独自吃饭，独自远行，独自生活，这只蛙的日常状态，也是背井离乡、独自于远方拼搏的“空巢青年”的现实写照。

他们每天随着人流上班、回家，日常饮食常靠外卖速食解决，更多的时间里形单影只，独自排解内心的孤独。

偶尔给父母打一个电话，想一吐心中的落寞和艰难，但电话接通的瞬间，心又变得坚强起来，于是在寒暄．．问候中，多说新成绩，少说不容易，就像游戏里青蛙寄回的照片，不时展现各种美景，让我们愉悦和安心。

2019-2020学年北京市牛栏山第一中学高三英语期中考试试卷及参考答案

2019-2020学年北京市牛栏山第一中学高三英语期中考试试卷及参考答案

2019-2020学年北京市牛栏山第一中学高三英语期中考试试卷及参考答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项ANational Disability Insurance Scheme (方案)The National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS) will transform the way Queenslanders with disability are supported and change the way disability services are funded and delivered.Under the scheme, Queenslanders with disability will have choice and control over how they access support and who delivers them. They will also have certainty that they will be supported throughout their lifetime to achieve their personal goals.The NDIS will have an effect on the following programs.School Transport Assistance Program for Students with DisabilityThe NDIS will not disrupt existing services for qualified students. The Queensland Government will also continue to provide school transport assistance for students with disability who are not qualified to receive funding via the NDIS.For more information about the School Transport Assistance Program, and to check your qualification, visit the Education and Training website.Taxi Subsidy (补助金) SchemeThe Queensland Governmenthas lengthened the Taxi Subsidy Scheme (TSS) membership for NDIS qualified members to 31 October, 2022. This will allow more time to solve transport support arrangements under the Commonwealth’s NDIS.You can find more information about the TSS and your qualification on the TransLink website.Disability Parking Permit SchemeNo changes will be made to the Disability parking permit scheme when the NDIS is introduced inQueensland. Current arrangements for this scheme will be maintained.You can find more information on this scheme, and check your qualification, on the Queensland Government website.Public Transport Concessions for People with DisabilityThere will be no change to concessions on public transport for people with disability when the NDIS is introduced inQueensland. TransLink will continue to ensure concessions are provided for disabled persons travelling on public transport inQueenslandwhen the NDIS is introduced.You can find more information about public transport discounts for people with disability, and check your qualification, on the TransLink website,1.Which program helps drive the disabled to and from school?A.Taxi Subsidy Scheme.B.Disability Parking Permit Scheme.C.Public Transport Concessions for People with Disability.D.School Transport Assistance Program for Students with Disability.2.What can we learn about Taxi Subsidy Scheme?A.The scheme is for parking permit.B.The existing membership can be effective for longer time.C.There is no change to current arrangements for the scheme.D.The NDIS will not break off existing services for qualified students.3.What do the four programs have in common?A.They are all related to transport.B.They are all largely affected by NDIS.C.They all can be checked on the same website.D.They all provide discounts for disabled persons.BWhy do you check social media? Is it to keep up with everything that your friends and family are doing? Is it to find new trendy spots to eat?Regardless of the reason, you may find yourself with different degrees of envy or discomfort after a quick look at your phone. Then you might be suffering from a phenomenon known as “Fear of Missing Out (FOMO). ”While the phenomenon of FOMO can be traced back for centuries, it had never been the issue as it is today, causing widespread discussion and research. This rise in checking social media is naturally connected to the increasing leading position that social media holds over our lives. Every time someone opens their WeChat Moments, Facebook, Twitter... etc. , they are bombarded with the highlight reels of other peoples' lives. A sunny beach, delicious-looking food, a super cute kitten-they are all uplifting photos, yet they're very likely to bringabout more unhappiness than joy. You see, the first thought to come out of your mind may be “Wow, that's so cool/delicious/cute”, but then it takes a hard U-turn. You're thinking: “I wish I were there” or “my life is so boring compared to his/hers.” The more you see, the more likely you are to have these negative feelings.What's worse is the habit many people have of turning to social media in search of happiness when they are feeling down, not realizing that they are just going to end up in a negative cycle of endless disappointment. Montesquieu once said: “If one only wished to be happy, this could be easily accomplished; but we wish to be happier than other people, and this is always difficult, for we believe others to be happier than they are.”FOMO will go hand in hand with dissatisfaction and envy. Appreciate what you already have, because someone else out there in the world would gladly give everything to be you.4. What is the purpose of the questions in paragraph 1?A. To introduce the topic of the passage.B. To explain the function of FOMO.C. To describe the features of FOMO.D. To give the reasons for checking social media.5. How might people feel seeing other's perfect life through social media?A. Joyful.B. Admiring.C. Comfortable.D. Envious.6. What can we conclude from Montesquieu's words in paragraph 3?A. We could turn to social media for happiness.B. We couldn't realise our dream without hard work.C. We couldn't harvest happiness through comparison.D. We could live better than others by showing ourselves online.7. What is the author's attitude towards FOMO?A. Indifferent.B. Objective.C. Doubtful.D. Hopeful.CA student had to get his long hair cut off in a middle school in GuangDong Province. It was talked a lot among teachers and students.In fact, all schools have their own rules. In most schools, boy students are not allowed to have long hair while girls are not allowed to dye their hair. And most school rules say that students should wear their school uniforms at school. And students must obey these rules so that they can get healthy development at school.But some students have disagreements. They think that boy students having long hair doesn't mean that they are not good students. They want to show their own personality. They think that they would look cool too if they had long hair and the hairstyles like their favorite stars.A girl student thought that she would look much more beautiful if she had brown hair. So she had her dark hair dyed brown one day. When she went back to school the next day, the teacher was very angry with her. She said that she worked hard at her lessons and did well in every subject. She just didn't know why the teacher didn't allow her to dye her hair while women teachers can.It is not wrong for teenagers to love stars' hairstyles or wear their favorite clothes. However, a school has its own rules for all the students to obey so that the school can be in good order. Students should not break the rules at school.8. What aren't boy students allowed to do in most middle schools according to this passage?A. To have long hair.B. To wear uniforms.C. To like famous stars.D. To show their own personalities.9. Why did the girl make her hair brown?A. Because she wanted to be cool.B. Because she thought that she would look much more beautiful.C. Because she wanted to make her teacher angry.D Because women teachers dyed their hair.10. What does the writer think of these school rules?A. The students should be against them.B. They are bad for students.C. They can make schools in good order.D. They can't make students grow healthily.11. What is the passage mainly about?A. Hair styles and clothes.B. Schoolboys and schoolgirls.C. Students and famous stars.D. School rules.DAt the foot of the Tianmu Mountain in Zhejiang, a homestay (民宿) is attracting travelers from far and wide, which has won architectural (建筑学的) medal at the 2021 German iF Design Awards.The owners of the homestay are a couple in their late 30s who decided to return to their hometown three years ago. Li Xiumei used to be in charge of a division at a company in Hangzhou, and her husband was a sales director. It was an ordinary situation where Li’s husband was on business trips a lot and Li worked overtime on weekends. City life sometimes is not easy.In 2018, they quit jobs and went back to Dongtianmu village, which lies in a forest of bamboo. The first time they drove into the village was one late afternoon. The cooking smoke was rising from the foot of the mountain, which gave them a very different feeling form thecity.The homestay was built beside her husband’s old countryside house. The old house is preserved (保留), while a brand-new building was built on its side and the whole site is made up of for courtyards. It has been updated to have a hall, a tea room, a kitchen, a dining room. Japanese cherry trees are planted in the east courtyard. A swimming pool is placed in the west courtyard, with a bar located on one side.Li and her husband love gardening and music, and their new home gives them enough space to continue their interests and relax in the heart of nature. Li wants to share the quiet country life, so she makes her new home a homestay. In 2019, the homestay became an online hit after guests shared their experiences on social media. “The longer I stay here, the more I feel it was the right choice to come back, and this is more meaningful than making money,” Li says.12. How did Li feel about city life?A. Satisfied.B. Tired.C. Attractive.D. Noisy.13. What impressed the couple when first driving to the village?A. The smoke of cooking.B. The forest of bamboo.C. The smell of the village.D. The feeling of loneliness.14. What can we infer about the homestay from paragraph 4?A. It is ancient and broken.B. It can hold many guests.C. It has been rebuilt bythe couple.D. It must have been carefully designed.15. What’s more meaningful than earning money according to Li?A. Continuing their music dream.B. Staying at the old house.C. Living in the countryside.D. Developing the economy of cities.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

2019-2020学年北京市顺义区牛栏山一中高三(上)期中物理试卷 (含答案解析)

2019-2020学年北京市顺义区牛栏山一中高三(上)期中物理试卷 (含答案解析)

2019-2020学年北京市顺义区牛栏山一中高三（上）期中物理试卷一、单选题（本大题共13小题，共39.0分）1.真空中有两个相距0.1m、带电量相等的点电荷，它们间的静电力的大小为9.0×10−3N，已知静电力常量k=9.0×109N⋅m2/C2.则每个点电荷所带的电荷量为()A. 1×10−14CB. 1×10−7CC. 1×10−6CD. 无法确定2.如图所示，直杆BC的一端用铰链固定于竖直墙壁，另一端固定一个小滑轮C，细绳下端挂一重物，细绳的AC段水平．不计直杆、滑轮及细绳的质量，忽略所有摩擦．若将细绳的端点A稍向下移至A′点，使之重新平衡，则此时滑轮C的位置()A. 在AA′之间B. 与A′点等高C. 在A′点之下D. 在A点之上3.如图中的实线表示电场线，虚线表示只受电场力作用的带电粒子的运动轨迹．粒子先经过M点，再经过N点，可以判定()A. 粒子在M点的电势能大于粒子在N点的电势能B. M点的电势小于N点的电势C. 粒子在M点受到的电场力大于在N点受到的电场力D. 粒子带负电4.关于地球和太阳，下列说法中正确的是()A. 地球对太阳的引力比太阳对地球的引力小得多B. 地球围绕太阳运转的向心力来源于太阳对地球的万有引力C. 太阳对地球的作用力有引力和向心力D. 在地球对太阳的引力作用下，太阳绕地球运动5.如图所示，小车B静止于水平轨道上，其左端固定一根劲度系数为K的轻弹簧，小车B的质量为m2.小车A的质量为m1，从高出水平轨道h处由静止开始沿曲轨道滑下，在水平轨道上与小车B发生相互作用．若轨道是光滑的，则弹簧压缩量最大时，A车的速度v A和弹簧的弹性势能E p 分别为()A. v A=√2gℎ，E P=m1gℎB. v A=m1√2gℎm1+m2，E p=m1m2gℎm1+m2C. v A=m1√2gℎm1+m2，E p=m1gℎ2D. v A=√2gℎ，E p=m1m2gℎm1+m26.轻杆长L=0.5m，杆的一端固定着质量m=0.1kg的小球，小球在杆的带动下，绕水平轴在竖直平面内作圆周运动，t时刻小球运动到最高点时速度为2m/s，g取10m/s2，则t时刻细杆对小球的作用力大小和方向分别为()A. 1.8N，向上B. 1.6N，向下C. 0.2N，向上D. 0.2N，向下7.如图所示，用静电计可以测量已充电的平行板电容器两极板之间的电势差U，静电计指针张角会随电势差U的变大而变大，现使电容器带电并保持总电量不变，下列哪次操作能让静电计指针张角变大()A. 仅减小两极板之间的距离B. 仅将A板稍微上移C. 仅将玻璃板插入两板之间D. 条件不足无法判断8.甲、乙两物体的加速度分别为a1=1m/s2、a2=−1m/s2.则()A. 甲物体的速度增加了1m/sB. 乙物体的速度减少了1m/sC. 甲物体比乙物体的速度变化快D. 两物体的速度变化快慢相同9.如图所示，A、B、C为电场中某电场线上的三点，且AB=BC，设A、C两点场强的大小分别为E A、E C，A、B两点和B、C两点间的电势差分别为U AB、U BC.则()A. E A=E CB. E A>E CC. U AB=U BCD.U AB<U BC10.在平直的公路上，静止的汽车启动后先匀加速开始运动，达到额定功率后保持额定功率不变继续运动。

2019-2020学年北京牛栏山一中实验学校高三英语上学期期中考试试卷及答案

2019-2020学年北京牛栏山一中实验学校高三英语上学期期中考试试卷及答案

2019-2020学年北京牛栏山一中实验学校高三英语上学期期中考试试卷及答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AIf you truly want to live, you need to get out and see the world. Traveling and living different adventures may become your favorite lifestyle. Here is a brief introduction about the top three destinations to visit in the world. ParisFirst on the list is Paris, France. For some people, this shouldn’t be a surprise. For others, they might consider Paris overrated as it has a reputation for being dirty. Any major city in the world might be thought to be dirty by anyone not living in a city. It comes with the territory. The reason Paris is at the top of this list is not because of its famous attractions but because of its charm. You can spend the day walking around cobblestone streets and enjoy elegant cafes and high-end shopping. When you finish satisfying your appetite, you can relax on the banks of the Seine River.Glacier National ParkGlacier National Park comes in second on the list. It is located in Montana, America. It will be well worth the effort thanks to snow-capped mountains, crystal blue lakes, seventy miles of hiking trails, and thirteen camping areas. If you visit during the summer, you can go swimming or white-water rafting. If you visit during the winter, you can go skiing or snowshoeing. But the real allure (诱惑力) and what you will always remember is the breathtaking scenery and fresh mountain air.Bora BoraThe reason Bora Bora is the third on this list is that it’s expensive, which could limit your other travel plans. If you do make it to this small island paradise, you will find peaceful beaches, jungles, luxury accommodations, turquoise water, and some of the friendliest people you have ever met.Other vacation destinations that should be on your list if you’re living the adventurous lifestyle include London, the South Island of New Zealand, Maui, Tahiti, Tokyo, Barcelona and New York City.1. Tourists can ______ to appreciate the charm of Paris.A. enjoy crystal blue lakesB. visit its famous attractionsC. take a walk around cobblestone streetsD. meet the friendliest people you have ever met2. Which of the following points in Glacier National Park will really attract tourists?A. peaceful beaches.B. White-water rafting.C. Snow-capped mountains.D. Fresh mountain air.3. What’s the purpose of this passage?A. to introduce the top three destinations.B. to compare the top three destinations.C. to encourage people to live an adventurous lifestyle.D. to analyze the good and bad points of the three destinationsBWe have most friends at the age of 26 afterhaving spent the first quarter of our lives building up our friendship circle, new research has claimed.The research into friendship shows that our social circle peaks at 26 years and 7 months, at which we typically have five close friends. Women are most popular at 25 years and 10 months, with men hitting the highest friendship point a little later at 27 years and 3 months.The research, by Forever Friends, shows that about a third of adults meet their closest friends while at school, with about a fifth saying they meet them at work.Social networks such as Facebook and Twitter now also play a major role in building new friendship. The research points out that 25 to 34-year-olds make 22 friends via Facebook, compared to 18 to 24-year-olds who make 12, and 35 to 44-year-olds who make just four.Forever Friends' relationship coach Sam Owen says, “It is no coincidence that over a third of us meet our best friends at school. It is a key time in our lives when friendship is growing through sharing notes, giving gifts, seeing each other regularly and laughing a lot. As adults we can often forget how powerful these small things are and how the little things can make a difference."Later in life we find ourselves losing friends. Over half of us lose friendship through moving, while 36% say that over time they grow apart from close pals. Having children also causes 19% todrift away fromchildhood friends.With growing pressure being put on friendship these days, it's important to make time for our friendship.4. How many friends can a 20-year-old college student make via Facebook?A. 22.B. 18.C. 12.D. 4.5. In Paragraph 5, the author is trying to tell the readers ________.A. how important making friends isB. school time is an important period to develop friendshipC. how much has been done to keep friendshipD. that friendship is not easy to keep6. The underlined phrase "drift away from" in Paragraph 6 means ________.A. make sense ofB. make up withC. feel sorry forD. lose touch with7. This passage is mostprobably taken from ________.A. a newspaperB. an advertisementC. a textbookD. Facebook or TwitterCWater keeps us alive. When it runs out, we have a problem.About one out of four people on the planet are facing a shortage of water. Seventeen countries around the world are dealing with high-water stress. This means they are using almost all the water they have access to. Many are dry countries. Some waste much of their water. Some may currently use too much of their groundwater that they should be saving. Several big cities face acute shortages. These include Sao Paulo, Brazil; Chennai, India; and Cape Town, South Africa. A year ago, Cape Town faced nay Zero-the day when all its dams would he dry.Climate change adds to the risk of water shortages. Rainfall is less steady. The water supply becomes less reliable. The days grow hotter. More water evaporates(蒸发)from lakes and rivers even as demand for water increases. By 2030, the number of cities in the high-stress category may have risen to 45 and include almost 470 million people.All over the world, farmers compete with city residents for water. Rich urban places, such as Los Angeles, use too much water for pools and golf courses. But the worst problem is the growth of cities. Bangalore, India, for example, had a few years with little rain. It built over its many lakes or filled them with city waste. The lakes are no longer the rain water storage tanks they once were. Bangalore now imports water. A lot of the imported water,however, gets lost on the way to Bangalore.To address this issue, what can be done? First, cities can plug leaks in their water distribution system. Wastewater can be recycled. Rain can be harvested and saved for hard times. Lakes and wetlands can be cleaned up and old wells can be restored. And farmers can switch from water-intensive crops like rice to less-thirsty crops like millet(小米).Experts are looking at ways to reduce the number of people on the planet. They are looking at ways to reduce the size of cities. They are looking for ways to encourage people, factories and farmers to use less water.8. What can we know from Paragraph 2?A. A quarter of the world's population is living with water shortages.B. Nearly all countries are facing acute water shortages now.C. Underground water should he used to meet the water demand.D. Measures have been taken to deal with the water shortage in India.9. What is the main idea of the third paragraph?A. Rainfall is not as steady as before.B. Climate change may lead to water shortages.C. The water supply relies more on rainfall.D. Hotter weather changes the water demand.10. What can farmers do to deal with water shortage?A. Plug leaks in the water distribution system.B. Clean up lakes and wetlands and restore wells.C. Reduce the number of people in the cities.D. Grow less-water consumption crops instead.11. What will be discussed if the passage continues?A. How to prevent from climate change.B. How to inspire people to save water.C. How to recycle wastewater in citiesD. How to make people get access to clean water.DFollowing the Famous Silk RoadsThe Silk Roads were a networkof ancient trade routes that extended from East Asia all the way to theMediterranean. A key section of the Silk Roads is the Chang’an-Tianshan corridor（走廊）, whichstretchesover a distance of around 5,000 kilometres through China, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan, covering a total of 8,700 kilometres of trade routes. The three countries jointly pursued an application for UNESCO World Heritage (遗产) status which contained detailed research on the 33 sites along the corridor. This made history as the first successful multinational World Heritage application.The starting point of the corridor and the entire Silk Roads network isXi’an, inShanxiProvince. Further west onthe Silk Roads, the geography gradually changes from wild deserts to high, snow-capped mountains to vast grasslands as the routes pass through theTianshanMountainsand emerge in the valleys ofCentral Asia. Although the Chang’an-Tianshan corridor of the Silk Roads ends here, the network continues westwards until it reaches theMediterranean.The corridor began to develop in the 2nd century. Assigned by the emperor, the ambassador Zhang Qian journeyed from Chang’an toCentral Asia, seeking to build bridges between the Han Dynasty and the Western Regions. Following Zhang’s efforts, trade routes took shape and relationships were strengthened between the major powers of the time, with the routes network reaching as far as theRoman Empire.Economic activities along the routes network were not limited to trade in silk. They contributed many other items to the marketplace of goods. The routes were busy with camels carrying loads of goods and businessmen selling everything imaginable.China’s exports included silk, porcelain, ironware and tea, while horses, jewellery, spices and grapes were all imported over vast distances from the West.In addition to trade exchange, the network served as a bridge for cultural exchange which shaped the evolution of science, art, technology and many other areas in societies along the network. Astronomy and mathematics were introduced toChinafromIndiaandArabia; important Chinese inventions such as papermaking and printing were brought to the West.All of these activities contributed to a great age of expansion as trade and cultural exchanges gave people access to new goods,knowledge and ideas. These routes connected Eastern and Western civilizations, which achieved a shared development. The addition of the Chang’an-Tianshan corridor to the UNESCO World Heritage List is a milestone in recognition of the Silk Roads as a crucial part of humanity’s common heritage.12. The key section of the Silk Roads is________.A. the MediterraneanB. Xi’an, inShanxiProvinceC.KazakhstanandKyrgyzstanD. the Chang’an-Tianshan corridor13. The underlined word “stretches” in Paragraph 1 is close in meaning to________.A. standsB. spreadsC. movesD. flies14. Zhang Qian travelled from Chang’an toCentral Asiato________.A. export silk, porcelain, ironware and teaB. purchase horses, jewellery, spices and grapesC. seek help from the most powerful western countriesD. build bridges between his country and other countries15. What was the role of the Silk Roads according to the passage?A. It helped to change the wild deserts to grasslands.B. It was recognized by the UNESCO asChina’s heritage.C. It speeded up the development of the countries involved.D. It started a trade competition between countries along the way.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

2019北京牛栏山一中高一(上)期中英语含答案

2019北京牛栏山一中高一(上)期中英语含答案

2019北京牛栏山一中高一（上）期中英语第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分）第一节语法填空（共10小题；每小题1分，共10分）A阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

I have a younger brother ___1___ is working abroad now. I love him very much. However, when I was a kid, I tried everything to get rid of him. I tried to sell him to the neighbours. I tried to leave him with another family at the supermarket.I even placed him in a box and ___2___ (mail) him to Alaska! He was so noisy that he was heard by others that they sent , him back.As time went by, I appreciated that I had a younger brother.I missed him when he was at college. I missed him even more when he got a job away from home. Now I can only wish he would mail ___3___ (he) to Beijing so we could hang out.B阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

Thanks to the persistence(坚持) of many people the art of crosstalk(相声) ___4___ has experienced ups and downs inthe past 100 years is developing very well. Guo Degang was one of the performers. He started studying Xiangsheng at the age of seven and left his hometown ___5___ (open) his first club in Beijing in 1995.Through his efforts, he gained movie-star-like fame and his students also drew a lot of attention. In the past it was performed mainly in teahouses but now it____6____ (broadcast）widely on TV and radio stations.C阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

2019-2020学年北京市顺义区牛栏山一中高三(上)期中物理试卷

2019-2020学年北京市顺义区牛栏山一中高三(上)期中物理试卷

2019-2020学年北京市顺义区牛栏山一中高三（上）期中物理试卷
一．单选题（本题共14个小题，在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一个选项是符合题意的，每小题3分，共42分）1．（3分）由库仑定律可知，真空中两个静止的点电荷，当所带电荷量分别q1和q2，其间距为r 时，它们之间静电力的大小为F＝k，式中k为静电力常量．在国际单位制中，k的单位是（）
A．N•m2/C2B．C2/（N•m2）C．N•m2/C D．N•C2/m2
2．（3分）小芳同学想要悬挂一个镜框，如图四种方法中每根绳子所受拉力最小的是（）A．B．
C．D．
3．（3分）如图所示，实线是一簇由负点电荷产生的电场线。

一带电的粒子仅在电场力作用下通过电场，图中虚线为粒子的运动轨迹，a、b是轨迹上的两点。

下列判断正确的是（）
A．a点场强小于b点场强
B．a点电势高于b点电势
C．带电粒子从a到b动能减小
D．带电粒子带负电
4．（3分）如图所示，地球绕着太阳公转，而月球又绕着地球转动，他们的运动均可近似看成匀速圆周运动．如果要通过观测求得地球的质量，需要测量下列哪些量（）
A．地球绕太阳公转的半径和周期
B．月球绕地球转动的半径和周期。

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牛栏山一中2019――2020学年度第一学期期中考试高一年级化学试题2019.11.23本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分，满分100分，考试时间90分钟。

所有答案必须填涂或作答在答题卡．．．上，否则不得分。

第Ⅰ卷（选择题共40分）本卷共20小题，每小题2分。

在每小题列出的四个选项中，选出符合题目答案的一项。

可能用到的相对原子质量：Na 23 H 1 O 16 C 12 Mn 55 S 32 Mg 24 N 14 Cl 35.5 1.化学为人类的进步做出了巨大贡献。

下列过程中，不涉及化学反应的是A．铁矿石炼铁B．活字印刷C．煤制药物D．氯气制消毒液2.当火灾现场大量存放下列哪种物质时，不可以用水灭火A. 木材B. 煤C. 钠D. 布料3. （上次月考题）符合下图中阴影部分的物质是A. K2CO3B. Cu2(OH)2CO3C. Na2CO3D. NaHCO34. 下列物质露置于空气中不易变质的是A.氯水B. FeSO4溶液 C. 漂白粉溶液 D. Na2CO3溶液5.下列说法正确的是①1mol Fe3+②2mol Fe ③0.5mol 氧④0.5mol N2⑤1g N2中含n个N2分子，则阿伏加德罗常数NA可表示为14n mol-1⑥1molCl2、1molCl、1molCl—的质量均为35.5gA．①②④ B．①②④⑥ C．①②④⑤⑥ D．都正确6. 下列反应中，不能体现酸的通性的反应是A. Fe+H2SO4=FeSO4+H2↑B. NaOH + HCl = NaCl + H2OC. CaO+2HNO3=Ca(NO3)2+H2OD. C + 2H2SO4（浓） CO2↑+2SO2↑+2H2O7.下列行为不符合安全要求的是A. 不慎洒出的酒精在桌上着火时，立即用湿毛巾盖灭B. 做实验剩余的金属钠不得直接丢弃在废液缸中C. 大量氯气泄漏时，迅速离开现场并尽量往低处去D. 配制稀硫酸时，将浓硫酸沿器壁缓慢倒入水中并不断搅拌8．下列叙述正确的是A．氢氧化钠的摩尔质量是40 gB．1 mol NaOH的质量是40 g/molC．阿伏加德罗常数个钠原子的质量是23gD．1 molNa和1 molFe体积不同，其主要原因是微粒间距离不同9. (课本题改编)Na2CO3能用于药物，外观上与NaCl相似。

区分二者，实验方案不合理的是选用试剂或方法判断依据A 稀HCl 观察有无气体产生B 酚酞溶液观察溶液颜色是否变化C CaCl2溶液观察是否生成沉淀D 酒精灯加热观察有无气体产生10.（课本题改编）如右图所示，在A处通入未经干燥的氯气。

当关闭B阀时，C处的红布条看不到明显现象；当打开B阀后，C处的红布条逐渐褪色。

则D瓶中盛放的溶液可能是①饱和NaCl溶液②NaOH溶液③浓硫酸④H2OA.②③B.①②C. ①④D.③④11.（课本题改编）在相同体积、相同物质的量浓度的酸中，一定相等的是A. 溶质的质量B. 溶质的质量分数C. 氢离子的物质的量D. 溶质的物质的量12．（上次月考题改编）一定条件下硝酸铵受热分解的化学方程式为：5NH 4NO 3＝2HNO 3＋4N 2＋9H 2O ，在反应中，未发生氧化还原的氮原子数与氧化产物中的氮原子数之比为 A ． 5∶3 B ．2∶5 C ．1∶2 D ．1∶4 13．下列氯化物既能由金属和氯气直接化合制得，又能由金属和盐酸反应制得的是A. 2CuClB. 2FeClC. NaClD. 3FeCl14．硫酸钾和硫酸铝的混合溶液，已知其中硫酸根离子浓度为1.4 mol/L ，Al3＋的浓度为0.8 mol/L ，则K ＋的物质的量浓度为A ．0.2 mol/LB ．0.3mol/LC ．0.6 mol/LD ．0.4 mol/L15.某试剂瓶上贴有如下标签，对该试剂理解正确的是A. 该溶液中含有的微粒主要有：NaCl 、Na +、Cl -、H 2OB. 若取50毫升溶液，其中的c (Cl -)=0.05 mol/LC. 若取该溶液与0.1 mol/L AgNO 3 100 mL 溶液完全反应，需要取该溶液10 mLD. 该溶液与1.0 mol/L Na 2SO 4溶液的c (Na +)相等16. 新型净水剂高铁酸钾（K 2FeO 4）为暗紫色固体，可溶于水。

工业上常通过以下两步反应制备K 2FeO 4：①2FeCl 3+10NaOH+3NaClO = 2Na 2FeO 4+9NaCl+5H 2O ② Na 2FeO 4 + 2KOH == K 2FeO 4 + 2NaOH 下列说法不正确．．．的是 A ．反应①中NaClO 是氧化剂B ．Na 2FeO 4 中Fe 为+6价，具有强氧化性，能杀菌消毒C ．反应①为氧化还原反应，反应②为复分解反应D ．若有1 mol FeCl 3 发生反应，转移电子的物质的量为 6 mol17.在探究新制氯水成分及性质的实验中，依据下列方法和现象，不能得出相应结论的是18.（课本题改编）下列实验方案中，不能测定出Na2CO3和NaHCO3的混合物中Na2CO3质量分数的是A.取a g混合物与足量稀硫酸充分反应，逸出气体经干燥后用碱石灰吸收，质量增加b gB.取a g混合物与足量稀盐酸充分反应，加热、蒸干、灼烧，得到b g固体C.取a g混合物充分加热，质量减少b gD.取a g混合物与足量NaOH溶液充分反应，得到b g溶液19.生菜无土栽培营养液的配方要求KNO3、MgSO4、NH4NO3物质的量之比为1∶2∶1。

配制该营养液，已溶解0.02 mol KNO3、0.02 mol NH4NO3，还需MgSO4的质量为A. 4.8 gB. 2.4 gC. 3.6 gD. 1.2 g20．Na2Sx在碱性溶液中可被NaClO氧化为Na2SO4，而NaClO被还原为NaCl，若反应中Na2Sx与NaClO的物质的量之比为1:16，则x值是A. 5B. 3C. 4D. 2第II卷（非选择题共60分）21.（9分）（课本原题）请选择适当的化学试剂和实验用品，用下图所示的装置（C中盛放的是过氧化钠）进行实验，证明过氧化钠可在呼吸面具和潜水艇中做供氧剂。

的装置。

写出A中发生反应的离(1)A是实验室中用石灰石跟稀盐酸反应制取CO2子方程式：填写下表中的空白。

装置序号加入的试剂加入该试剂的目的B 饱和NaHCO溶液3D中发生反应的化学方程式：(4)F中得到的是。

如何验证？。

22．（7分）（1）硫酸在水溶液里的电离方程式为：（2）用18.0 mol/L的浓硫酸配制0.1 mol/L的稀硫酸500mL，回答下列问题： i．用量筒量取浓硫酸的体积为 mL（保留1位小数）。

ii．配制时需选用的仪器主要有量筒、烧杯、胶头滴管、。

iii．配制时，一般可分为以下几个步骤：①量取②计算③稀释④摇匀⑤转移（或移液）⑥洗涤⑦定容⑧冷却。

其正确的操作顺序为：②→①→③→____ →____→____→____→④（填序号） iv．在配制过程中，下列操作可引起所配溶液浓度偏高的有_______（填序号）①定容时，俯视刻度线。

②容量瓶中含有少量蒸馏水。

③未洗涤稀释浓硫酸时用过的烧杯和玻璃棒。

④定容摇匀后，发现液面低于刻度线，又用胶头滴管加蒸馏水至刻度线。

23. （13分）钠与水反应的实验过程如图①、②、③所示。

（1）将图②中的现象与解释用直线连接起来。

实验现象解释钠浮在水面上产生了气体钠熔成小球钠的密度比水小钠四处游动，嘶嘶作响钠与水反应放热且钠的熔点低（2）图③中滴加酚酞试液后，观察到溶液变红。

请结合离子方程式和简要的文字，解释产生这一现象的原因。

（3）在实验室常把钠保存在盛有煤油的试剂瓶中，以隔绝。

某同学从试剂瓶中取一小块金属钠，在坩埚中加热，钠剧烈燃烧，产生色火焰，生成一种淡黄色固体的同时，发现还有黑色固体产生。

生成淡黄色固体的化学方程式为。

该同学根据产生的黑色固体，推测煤油中可能含有元素（填元素符号）。

（4）若按右图所示装置进行钠跟水反应的实验：在装置中注入水和煤油后关闭活塞A，打开右端胶塞，将一小块金属钠加入到煤油中，然后塞紧胶塞，反应前片刻，钠的位置应在_____处（填字母a、b、c所示位置）。

开始反应后，可能观察到的现象是。

24．（9分）(一）1774年，瑞典化学家舍勒在研究软锰矿（主要成分是MnO2）的过程中，将其与浓盐酸混合加热，产生黄绿色气体Cl2。

（1）上述反应的离子方程式为。

（2）若将87g MnO2跟含4mol HCl的浓盐酸混合加热，产生Cl2的体积小于22.4L（标准状况下），其原因可能是。

(3) 将Cl2通入石灰乳中可制得漂白粉，有关反应的化学方程式为。

（二）钠、碳及它们的化合物在生产、生活中有着重要的用途。

（4）某汽车安全气囊的产气药剂主要含有NaN3、Fe2O3、KClO4、NaHCO3等物质。

当汽车发生碰撞时，NaN3迅速分解产生N2和Na，同时放出大量的热。

N2使气囊迅速膨胀，从而起到保护作用。

① KClO4中氯元素的化合价是，具有（填“还原性”或“氧化性”）。

② Fe2O3可处理产生的Na，反应为6Na + Fe2O3== 3Na2O + 2Fe，该反应中若5molNa被氧化时，则Fe2O3获得 mol电子。

③ NaHCO3是冷却剂，吸收产气过程中释放的热量而分解，其分解的化学方程式是。

25. （7分）用下图装置（气密性良好）研究钠与氯气的反应。

实验步骤：①将一定量浓盐酸滴在KMnO4粉末上，立即产生黄绿色气体。

②待黄绿色气体均匀充满集气瓶时，关闭止水夹。

③再向钠粒上滴2滴水，片刻后钠燃烧，产生白烟，白色固体附着在集气瓶内壁上。

（1）步骤①，黄绿色气体是氯气，则KMnO4的作用是（填“氧化剂”或“还原剂”）。

（2）步骤③，引起钠燃烧的原因是_________。

（3）生成白色固体的化学方程式是_________。

（4）结合离子方程式说明NaOH溶液的作用是_______________。

（5）实验结束后，甲同学在安全、环保的理念指导下，仅用上图装置完成了集气瓶内残余氯气的处理，其操作是____________。

26．(8分)某同学利用下图所示的实验装置进行铁跟水蒸气反应的实验，并继续研究铁及其化合物的部分性质。

请回答下列问题。

(1)写出硬质试管中发生反应的化学方程式，实验过程中看到肥皂泡逐渐变大，请在此现象基础上进一步设计实验证明反应生成的气体。

(2)该同学欲确定反应后硬质试管中固体物质的成分，设计了如下实验方案：查阅相关资料得知：Fe3O4+ 8HCl FeCl2+ 2FeCl3+ 4H2O①待硬质试管冷却后，取少许其中的固体物质溶于稀硫酸得溶液B；②取少量溶液B滴加KSCN溶液，若溶液未变红色则说明硬质试管中固体物质的成分是 (填写化学式)；溶液未变红的原因是： (用离子方程式表示)。

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