兴盛名园L座施工图预算编制的计算书毕业设计

000兴盛名园-k座施工图预算的编制摘要施工图预算是由设计单位在施工图设计完成后，根据施工图设计图纸、现行预算定额、费用定额以及地区设备、材料、人工、施工机械台班等预算价格编制和确定的建筑安装工程造价的文件。

本次毕业设计是关于000兴盛名园-k座的施工图预算，该工程位于000区内，建筑面积4543.41平方M，地下一层，地上四层，属于三类工程，现浇框架结构，采用筏板基础。

本设计是根据000兴盛名园-k座施工图纸，并以2008年《河北省消耗量定额工程量计算规则汇编》、《2008年全国统一建筑工程基础定额河北省消耗量定额》和《2008年全国统一建筑装饰装修工程消耗量定额河北省消耗量定额》为算量及计价依据，按照施工图预算的编制程序，遵循工程量计算规则，手算工程量并根据计算数据，利用广联达GBQ4.0计价软件编制了本工程的施工图预算。

关键词：施工图预算工程量定额工程造价TheWorking Drawing Estimate Establishmentof Xingshengmingyuan-kHousingBuildingAbstractConstruction drawing budget is drawn up by design unitsafter the completion of construction drawing design ,drawings according to the fixed fee , local budget equipment and materials such as artificial construction machinery budget price establishment and number of construction and installation project cost to determine the files.The graduation design is about tangshan prosperity of the seat or - k, the engineering construction drawing budget in tangshan area 4543.41 m2, one layer underground and four layers on the ground, belong to three engineering, cast-in-situ frame structure, using raft foundation。

This design is based on tangshan flourishing classical gardens - k, and construction drawings seat in 2008 quantity calculation rules in hebei consumption quota compiled the unified national construction projects in 2008 in hebei province based quota 2008 consumption quota and the unified national construction and decoration engineering consumption quota hebei consumption quota of numerical quantity and valuation basis, according to give。

Key words:working drawing estimate；Project amount；quota；project cost。

目录1引言12 工程预算书22.1封面22.2编制说明32.3单位工程费用汇总表42.4单位工程费用取费表52.5单位工程预算表72.6单位工程人材机价差表192.7单位工程人材机汇总表203结论29谢辞30参考文献311引言施工图预算是根据拟建工程工程的设计施工图纸，施工组织设计或施工方案、现行工程预算定额及取费标准、建筑材料预算价格和国家及地方的有关规定而计算和编制的用以确定建筑安装工程费用的文件。

施工图预算是建筑企业和建设单位签订承包合同和办理工程结算的依据；是建筑企业编制计划、实行经济核算和考核经营成果的依据；是关系建设单位和建筑企业经济利益的技术经济文件。

在实行招标承包制的情况下，是建设单位确定标底和建筑企业投标报价的依据。

随着我国建筑业和建筑市场的不断繁荣和发展，施工图预算的理论和实践也得到了长远的发展，知识体系不断完善。

建设工程造价确定方法形成的历史及其现状是从20世纪50年代起的，我国借鉴前苏联经验，逐步建立起适应当时计划经济需要的概预算定额制度，人工、材料、机械等价格均由国家统一规定，传统的概预算定额作为建设工程造价定价依据，对我国加强计划管理，减少投资浪费，多、快、好、省地建设国家起到了积极的作用。

进入90年代，我国逐步由计划经济向市场经济过渡，经济发展水平不断提高，经济结构也日益复杂，原有的计价方式已不能满足市场经济发展的需要，为此，我国对建设工程造价定价办法进行了一系列的改革，如调整工程价格的费用工程，修订有关的费用、利润、税金计算标准，取费改按工程类别计取等等。

在目前的各个工程建设中，定额计价模式和清单计价模式并存而定额计价仍然占主导地位，但清单计价方式在国际上通用。

随着计算机软件如广联达、神机妙算等普及使用，定额计价和清单计价会以一种相互补充的形式继续成为建筑工程计价的两种主要模式2 工程预算书2.1封面建设单位：工程名称：000兴盛名园-k座施工图预算的编制建筑面积：4543.41平方M工程造价：5,523,331.99元单方造价：1215.68元/平方M建筑单位（盖章）施工单位（盖章）编制日期：2011年6月13日2.2编制说明编制说明一、工程简况兴盛名园-k座位于000北新西道以南，大里路以西，其住宅楼总建筑面积为4543.41平方M，地上四层，地下一层，建筑高度14.8M。

抗震框架结构；建筑工程等级为三级；地震基本烈度8度；抗震等级二级；基础类型为满堂基础。

二、编制依据1、000兴盛名园-k座住宅楼施工图纸及相应设计说明。

2、2008年《河北省消耗量定额工程量计算规则汇编》3、《2008全国统一建筑工程基础定额河北省消耗量定额》。

4、《2008全国统一建筑装饰装修工程消耗量定额河北省消耗量定额》。

5、《2008河北省建筑、安装、市政、装饰装修工程费率》。

6、G101系列标准图集：03G101-1、03G101-2、03G101-3、03G101-4、03G101-6等；7、《98系列建筑标准设计图集》；8、材料价格依据000造价信息（2011年第1期）。

9、河北省建设工程造价管理处相关文件。

三、编制说明事项1、由于没有施工组织设计，设计文件中没有明确的说明，本工程中的一些施工方法、材料规格等由本人拟定，实际工程中如有变化，按实际发生调整。

(1)余土外运，运距按6km考虑。

(2)木门窗运输，运距按5km考虑。

(3)钢栏杆运输，运距按3km考虑。

2、本工程按市区计取税金，按三类工程计取其他费用。

2.3单位工程费用汇总表2.4单位工程费用取费表2.5单位工程预算表2.6单位工程人材机价差表2.7单位工程人材机汇总表1、本设计通过对000兴盛名园-k座住宅楼进行施工图预算的编制，得到结果如下所示：1）工程总造价：5523331.99元一般土建工程：4409945.2元土石方工程：228739.09元装饰工程：884647.7元2）单方造价：1215.68元/平方M2、由于市场价格信息不全，部分材料未参与调价。

3、上述结果与000市区框架结构住宅实际造价及000造价站发布的造价信息中同类建筑的造价及主要材料消耗指标基本符合，具有一定的工程应用价值。

施工图预算是施工企业安排调配施工力量，组织材料供应的依据。

施工单位各职能部门可依此编制劳动力计划和材料供应计划，做好施工前的准备。

同时，在建设工程施工阶段可以通过及时的对施工图预算进行审核以便找出工程超出概算的施工图设计部分，对此部分进行分析找出原因，从而实现对工程的动态控制。

谢辞这次为期一个学期的毕业设计使我受益匪浅，大学四年的学习生活将圆满结束，在此我对给予了我极大帮助的各位老师和同学表示深深地感谢！首先感谢指导老师老师，每次设计遇到问题时在000老师不辞辛苦、细心的指导讲解下才使得我的设计顺利的进行。

从设计的开题到资料的搜集直至最后设计的修改的整个过程中，花费了老师很多的宝贵时间和精力，在此向老师表示衷心地感谢！其次是老师，谢谢你们的耐心指导，各位老师严谨的治学态度，开拓进取的精神和高度的责任心都将使学生受益终生！最后还要感谢和我同一设计小组的几位同学，是你们在我平时设计中和我一起探讨问题，并指出我设计上的误区，使我能及时的发现问题把设计顺利的进行下去，在此表示深深的谢意参考文献[1]蒋红焰主编.建筑工程概预算.北京：中国化学工业出版社，2004[2]吴贤国主编.建筑工程概预算.北京：中国建筑工业出版社，2003[3]孙晓.浅析施工图预算编制方法．国外建材科技，2004，第3期[4]陈雄娇.建筑工程施工图预算编制探讨.中外建筑，2004[5]柯洪主编.工程造价计价与控制.北京:中国计划出版社,2006[6]关凤云，董京阳编著.如何提高施工图预算的编制质量.建筑与预算,2005，第1期[7]袁建新，迟晓明编著.施工图预算与工程造价控制.北京：中国建筑工业出版社,2008（第二版）[8]江正荣.建筑施工计算手册.北京：中国建筑工业出版社，2001[9]邱建忠主编.建筑工程造价培训教材[M].北京：中国建筑工业出版社，2009[10]卢谦主编．建设工程招标投标与合同管理．知识产权出版社,2005[11]蔡雪峰主编．建筑施工组织．武汉理工大学出版社，2006[12]钱昆润，戴望炎，张星编著.建筑工程定额与预算.南京：东南大学出版社，2006（第五版）[13]陈雄娇主编．建筑工程施工图预算编制探讨．中外建筑，2004，第1期[14]重庆大学,同济大学,哈尔滨工业大学合编.土木工程施工.北京：中国建筑工业出版社，2003[15]廖天平，何永萍主编.建筑工程造价管理.重庆大学出版社,2007 (第二版)[16]刘匀，金瑞珺编著.工程概预算与招投标.上海：同济大学出版社,2007[17] HM Treasury,CUP Guidance No 61:Contract Management[18] HM Treasury,CUP Guidance No 12:Project Evaluation[19] JohnG.sawyer.working.drawing.budgt[J].london:ThomasTelford,2003英文原文Construction Defect Management Usinga Telemetric Digital WorkbenchAbstract:Real-time, rich-media data communication between the construction site and the off-site design office isbecoming one of the important research areas in information technology for construction. This paperpresents the concept of a telemetric digital workbench, a horizontal tabletop user interface integrating mobilecomputing and wireless communication to facilitate synchronous construction site to office collaboration. We demonstrate the capabilities and potentials of this system concept for construction defect management. The on-site crew uses a handheld mobile device to collect defect information and transfers the information tothe design office through wireless communication by sending the information to a database listener. Thedigital workbench application monitors the database and synchronizes the location of the visual informationon the site with the 3D model on the server. Integrated with 3D viewing capability in a CAD system, designerscan interact with the combined model/site data using a horizontal and vertical screen. A case studycompared the telemetric digital workbench against paper-based and Pocket PC-based methods for defectmanagement in a controlled laboratory experiment. The case study results show that the telemetric digitalworkbench has the potential to improve the accuracy of matching site data to digital data and reduceinformation loss between site and office collaboration.1、IntroductionDefect management is essential for the completion and quality ofconstruction. The current approach to defect management is timeconsumingand relies heavily on repeated data entry. This processtypically includes inspecting the building site, discovering defects, recording defect information using notes and textual descriptions on apaper drawing, keying the information into an online database, and, finally, communicating the information to designers and builders forresolution. Some automation has been introduced in commercial toolsby entering information into a mobile computer on-site, but this datais not used to support real-time collaboration or problem solving. Interms of visualization of the defect information, the current approachis also problematic. The manual data collection and transcription hasthe potential to lead to missing defect information, misunderstandingsand unclear instructions among different parties.Defect management is an example of the type of constructionmanagement problem that could benefit from technologies to supportsynchronous design collaboration because current practices relylargely on a face-to-face mode requiring the physical presence of allstakeholders on the construction site.We have developed an approach to construction defect managementas a demonstration ofa concept for the real-time sharing of richmediadata between a construction site and an off-site design office. The concept, a telemetric digital workbench, incorporates mobile computing, wireless communication and a horizontal tabletop interface, as shown in Fig. 1.The system concept can be divided into three tiers: clients (mobilephone and workbench), communication channel (wireless network) and the server (database). The aim of this paper is to explore thepotential of real-time sharing and visualization of rich-media toimprove data flows between the building site and the design office.According to the authors' industry partners from one of Australia'slargest multi-national construction engineering firms who contributedto this research, the current common practice for defectmanagement is for project personnel to collect defect data on-site, make notes onto drawings, and then have secretaries input the datainto an online database. Defects are then rectified asynchronously, often requiring a combination of on-site and off-site meetings dependingupon the severity of the defect. Having not been exposed toany alternatives, the possibility of being able to resolve defects in real-timehad never been considered as part of their work practices. Applied to defect management, our conjecture is that the telemetricdigital workbench has the potential to improve synchronous collaborationby deploying a more efficient and less time-consumingmethod to collect, transmit and document defect information withrich media. Using a horizontal tabletop interface for localizing anddisplaying defects, designers, constructors and clients can understand access and make use of defect information collaboratively. The digitalworkbench would be a media-rich and interactive system fordisplaying and examining defect information among the design team.This paper reports on the design, development, and exploratoryevaluation of a telemetric workbench. We conducted a case study ofthe workbench using a defect management application to comparethe potentials and constraints of this approach against commerciallyavailable construction defect management practices. In the researchdescribed in this paper, we do not focus on defect management as thepenultimate application for the telemetric workbench concept per se, but rather focused on the real-time exchange of information betweenthe construction site and off-site office, how this technology couldchange current practice, and how visualization approaches couldenable collaboration.2、BackgroundConstruction defect management is typically conducted during thelatter stages of construction as part of punch list checking. The purposeof construction defectmanagement is to discover faults in the as-built orassess construction quality that does not match the design intents. Suchfaults can range from “unfinished partition corners” to “computercablemismanagement”. The defect information can be categorized into two basic defect groups: general defects and specific defects. A generaldefect refers to the general comments about a space without referringto particular building elements or objects. A specific defect usually refersto faulty details of a particular building element or object.A typical defect management process would involve a siteinspector conducting an inspection in the construction site. S/heusually documents the discovered defects by taking notes on a set ofpaper-based design drawings and inspection forms. Digital still photosor movies of the defects may be taken if necessary. The inspectorreturns to the site office, summarizes the discovered defects, and, inmost cases, a secretary, who has no design or construction expertise, records them on spreadsheets (i.e., defect management forms). Theformally documented defect data will be delivered to the relevantorganization (e.g., architect, builder) in person or via fax or email.The representatives in the office identify defects and produce thefeedback on them and then the identified defect information willbe delivered to the construction office. The builders on-site makechanges according to the defect report received from the designersuntil all requirements are met. Re-inspections generally follow toconfirm rectification of the defects.As discussed above, the routine reporting jobs on the constructionsite, such as collecting defect data, use paper-based field notes. Thereis an apparent gap in time and space between the site and the office, which results in a low efficiency. Currently available mobile computingtechnology is a rather obvious way to improve the field work inconstruction and enhance the productivity of construction management. The use of mobile devices on the construction jobsite hasbeen investigated as early as 1992 for field data acquisition. Theimplementations of mobile devices in construction discussed in theliterature have focused primarily on project management, schedulemanagement, facility inspection, and field reporting applications. Various kinds of mobile devices have been adopted in field jobs atconstruction sites. For instance, Kimoto et al. developed amobile computing system with personal digital assistants toassist architects and construction managers to inspect the result ofconstruction especially for finishworks and to monitor the progress ofprojects. Their system consists of four subsystems (Inspection System, Checklist and Reference System, Position Check System, and ProgressMonitoring System) and two programs (the data input programin thePDA and the output program in the PC). Reinhardt et al. developedan Integrated Contract Management and Monitoring Systemwhich is a prototype of a Progress Monitoring System. It hasbeen designed to enhance the efficiency of progress monitoring forconstruction processes that comprise the setup of the monitoringsystem as well as the collection, processing andevaluation of progressdata. Sinkhole et al. developed a Mobile Inspection Assistancesystem, which is a wearable computer system that helps bridgeinspectors collect multimedia information in the field and produce theinspection report. MIA allows an inspector to fill out the inspectionform, access previous inspection reports, make sketch (es) of thebridge element(s), take photograph(s), and produce the inspectionreport via a voice or pen interface. Lipmannused Virtual RealityModeling Language on a mobile handheld computer tovisualize substantial 3D structural steelwork models in the field. Speech recognition has also been integrated into field inspectionsupport systems. Some construction firms have started toemploy these technologies to gather information on schedule, quality, cost, inspection, and so on.Construction defect management is one specific task where mobiletechnologies have had limited application except in the more generalarea of construction progress management. The lack of effectivedesign collaboration between the construction site and the off-sitedesign office often causes information delays in the design andconstruction processes, as well as confusion among different partiesthat are involved in the processes. Rather than only focusing onautomating construction workers' field work, the research presentedin this paper aims to facilitate construction site to office collaborationby integrating the power and flexibility of office-based computingenvironments with a direct connection to the field workspace. Thetelemetric digital workbench addresses the above problematic issuesthrough the applications of mobile computing, wireless communicationand a horizontal tabletop interface.The building and construction industry has relied on an array of wireless communication to facilitate information needs on the construction site. Today, developments in pervasive computing technology including mobile computing, high-speed wireless networks, and human-computer interfaces have matured and decreased in cost such that it is now possible to deploy them reliably in the construction industry. These technologies enhance the ability for teams to collaborate in the office, on the construction site, and from remote offices by providing un-tethered access to building construction information. Mobile computing devices now include lightweight tablet PCs, handheld devices such as Palm Pilots, and mobile smart phones, that is, mobile phones which integrate office productivity applications, digital imaging (still and video) and multiple forms of wireless connectivity. High-speed wireless networks such as Wi-Fi, WiMAX, and GPRS make it possible to use these devices without the need for cables to connect to the Internet.The opportunity exists to integrate design information processingin the design office with information processing outside the office, synchronously. Our telemetric digitalworkbench, based on thenavigator concept, incorporates mobile computing, wireless net-working, and a horizontal tabletop interface to support synchronousdesign collaboration between the construction site and the designoffice.Emerging localization technologies provide more precise andeffici ent alternatives for locating objects on the construction site. Lasertelemetry devices such as Leica laser tracker are typically portablecoordinate measuring machines that have been widely used indifferent areas of building and construction such as general construction, interior construction, pipe engineering andmachine controls. Theycan perform high-speed tracking of locations and orientation of anyobject in space. Radio Frequency Iden tification is a method ofremotely storing and retrieving data using devices called RFID tags. AnRFID tag is a small object, such as an adhesive sticker, that can beattached to or incorporated into a product. RFIDtags contain antennae toenable them to receive and respond to radio frequency queries from aFID transceiver. The original use of RFID tags was to track products asthey travel through supply chains worldwide from manufacturers todistributors to retailers and even to the customers. With the rapiddevelopment of inbuilt technologies,more advanced tags such as sensorequipped tags have been developed for other uses. In the building andconstruction industry, RFID tags have been applied for automaticallylocating and cataloguing interior decoratingmaterial. Systems suchas the RFID-QIM by Wang offer the potential to embed RFID tagsinto building materials for quality tracking purposes, whilst simultaneously reducing the need to use paper-based manual records, thesame aimas for our telematic digitalworkbench for construction defectmanagement.At the same time, new developments in human-computer interfaces are innovating ways in which we can interact with information. The pervasive computing paradigm is enabling beneficial applicationsfor the construction industry. In the design office, the iRoom interactive workspace links collaborators with interactive, shareddata to support cross-functional activities. At the desktop scale, theiNavigator gives architects a simultaneous plan and cross-sectional view by projecting the cross-section on a vertical screenpositioned over the correct location in the plan view. Similarly, theVisualization and Interaction Collaborative Access Tableunder development by NationalAustraliaoffers application sharing and high-bandwidth video collaboration betweenseveral remote workplaces. On the construction site, the digital hardhat incorporated handheld computers fordata entry on construction sites.3、Mobile inspection system on-siteThe defect management application supports the capability ofcapturing richmedia including digital images ormovies of the defects,annotating a note regarding each defect,defining the locations of thedefects, as well as sending the above information to an off-sitedatabase to be accessed from the design office.The mobile deviceprovides a software platform for the construction defect reportingapplication as well as the hardware supports for taking digital imagesof the defects and transferring the data through a wireless network toan off-site database.The hand-held mobile device chosen for our demonstration is theNokia N80 mobile phone . The mobile phone, and this one inparticular, was selected because of the ubiquity of mobile phones andtheir support for a variety of wireless communication protocols suchas WiFi and GPRS. The Java mobile phone run-time virtual machineenables third-party developers to create a range of applications thatcan be readily deployed across multiple mobile phone platforms. Wechose Java due to its broad, cross-platform support as compared toother mobile phone operating systems, such asWindows Mobile. We developed custom Java software that can beinstalled and operated on the mobile phone to provide a graphicalinterface for entering defect information, transferring data to an off-site database, as well as retrieving and viewing feedback from thedesign office.An on-site defectinspector takes digital photos of defects using the mobile phone. Eachdefect punch list includes a project name, an inspector's name, a photoof the defect, the location of the defect, the detailed description of thedefect, the responsible party and the action required. A zone number, acommon method for localization during the construction phase sincedesign drawings do not use global positioning, identifies the locationof the defect. The defect information off the punch list is thentransmitted to the off-site design office through the wireless mobilenetwork. Once the data are received at the designoffice, the localization of the defect information is realized through thezoning system. A Web service running on a server at the site-officereceives the HTTP POST message, par ses the name-value pairs for thedefect data, and uploads the information into a relational database,wherein the image is stored as a binary large object. Later,when a user goes to view a defect in a specific zone, the CADapplication queries the database for defectsoccurring in the requested zone. Each defect is identified anddisplayed in (downloaded to) the 3D model in the telematic digitalworkbench according to the zone it belongs to.If the coordinate system for design drawings is made according toglobal positioning, GPS could be used as an alternative technologyto locate defects on the drawing. Of course, the use of GPS is limitedto construction projects where signal interference would not be aconcern, such as roads, railways, urbanscape. Other localization technologies are possibleif all design drawings adhere to a uniformcoordinate system with a global reference point. Inother words, theonly way to fully automate the process of mapping the location ofthe defect on-site to a CAD drawing is to have socio-technical workpractice systems in place such that CAD drawings adhere to a globalcoordinate system that can be referenced to the job site. In practice,this is often difficult to achieve.During synchronous collaboration, as shown in Fig. 4, the inspectorcan retrieve and view feedback from the off-site design office usingthe same device. These two reversible defect data flows thus enablesynchronous design communication between the construction siteand the design office. Compared to the traditional approach relying heavily on manual inputs, this mobile application approach would bemore efficient for the workflow in defect management by providingsynchronous data transmission and visualization.In a previous study, we compared wireless data transfer ratesover GPRS (General Packet Radio Service) through a commercialAustralian mobile phone network provider (Telstra) and WiFi over aprivate network for a mobile device running the on-site defectreporting application. This study aimed to assess the feasibility oftransferring various types and sizes of data and measured the timetaken to transmit defect data including digital imagery and text. Thestudy found that the transmission speeds vary considerably whenusing GPRS and can be significantly slower than what is advertised bymobil e network providers. While WiFi is much faster than GPRS, thewireless communication through WiFi is susceptible to signaljamming and interference from similar radio frequencies. Most ofall, the limited range of WiFi limits the protocol to small-scale construction sites.We chose the wireless mobile network (GPRS) to support the datatransmission between the construction site and the design office.GPRS is a non-voice value added service that allows data to be sentand received across a mobile telephone network. It supplementsCircuit Switched Data (CSD) and ShortMessaging Service . GPRSusers specifically need: a mobile phone supporting GPRS。