广东省天河区2016届高考英语二轮复习语法精讲精炼主谓一致02
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性,平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益,请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间:9:00-18:30)。
主谓一致精讲精炼02
5.名词化的形容词作主语
如果主语由“the+形容词(或过去分词)”结构担任时,谓语通常用复数,这类词有the brave,the poor,the rich,the blind,the young,the old,the sick,the dead,the deaf and dumb,the oppressed,the injured,the wounded,the unemployed等;但也有少数的过去分词与定冠词连用时指个别,则用单数。
如:The blind study in special schools.盲人在特殊的学校学习。
这类形容词或分词如果要表示个体时,就要与名词man,person或表示人的单数名词连用,如:an old man,a rich person,the(a)wounded soldier。
6.从句作主语
1) 由what引导的主语从句,谓语动词通常用单数,但所指的具体内容是复数意义时,谓语
动词一般用复数形式,如:
What we need is more time.我们所需要的是更多的时间。
What we need are doctors.我们所需要的是医生。
2) 在“one of+复数名词+who/that/which”引导的从句结构中,关系代词who/that/which 的先行词是靠近它的复数名词而不是one,因此,从句中的动词应该是复数形式。
如:
这是讲过的最有趣的故事之一。
但是当one之前有the only等修饰语时,关系代词的先行词是one,而不是靠近它的复数名词,因此从句的动词应是单数形式。
如:
She was the only one of the girls who was late.她是惟一一位迟到的女生。
【考点诠释】
主谓一致
主谓一致就是指谓语动词在人称和数上必须和主语保持一致。
中学生在主谓一致问题的理解上与汉语的思维存在偏差,容易被忽略。
高考中的单项填空题与短文改错题经常对主谓一致问题进行考查。
考点1 名词作主语时的主谓一致
名词作主语时的主谓一致主要是把握好名词作主语时,谓语动词与主语的单复数须保持
一致。
1.单复数同形的名词作主语,其谓语动词应根据具体内容决定单复数。
如:
①Every means has been tried.每种方法都试过了。
②These means are out of date.这些方法是过时的。
2.具体的距离、时间、金钱、度量、温度、书名等作主语,其内容可作整体概念,故谓语动词用单数。
如:
Three days is not enough to finish the work.要完成那项工作三天的时间是不够的。
3.不定代词each,every,no所修饰的名词作主语,其内容是整体概念,故谓语动词仍用单数。
如:
Each boy and each girl wants to serve the people in the future.每个男孩和女孩都想在未来为人民服务。
‘
4.由两个相同部分组成的一个整体名词作主语,其内容是复数的,谓语动词用复数,此类词有glasses,trousers,shoes,scissors,clothes,compasses,chopsticks等。
但若此类词被“a kind/pair of”修饰,则其内容是单数的,谓语动词用单
数。
如:
①Look!The shoes are under the bed.看!鞋子在床底下。
②Look I This pair of shoes is under the bed.看!这双鞋在床底下。
5.含all,most,half,rest等的名词词组作主语,所指的内容是复数意义时,谓语动词用复数;反之,用单数。
如:
①All of my classmates work hard.我所有的同学学习都很努力。
②All of the water is up now.现在所有的水都用光了。
6.在主谓倒装句中,谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。
如:
Between the two windows hangs a picture.在两扇窗子之间挂着一幅画。
归纳拓展
(1)不定式、动名词以及从句作主语时应看做单数,谓语动词用单数。
如:
①Reading often means learning.读书常意味着学习。
②To read Enghsh aloud every morning does you a lot of good.每天早晨大声朗读英语对你有许多好处。
③What he said has been recorded.他说的话已被录音了。
(2)某些集体名词(如family,team等)作主语时,如果作为一个整体看待,谓语动词用单数形式;如果就其中一个个成员而言,谓语动词用复数形式。
如:
①The whole family are watching TV.一家人都在看电视。
②His family was very poor when he was a child.他小时候家里很穷。
③The population in China is very large,and eighty percent of the population in China are farmers.中国人口众多,并且80%的人口都是农民。
考点2含有连接词的主谓一致
含有连接词的主谓一致是指对主语起连接作用的词会影响主语与谓语动词的一致关系。
1.用and或both…and连接并列主语,其内容是复数的,谓语动词用复数。
若and连接的两个单数主语指同一个人、同一物或同一概念,谓语动词用单数。
如:
①The teacher and writer has already come to the meeting.这位教师兼作家已来开会了。
②Both my brother and my sister are workers.我的哥哥和姐姐都是工人。
2.主语后面接连接性短语时,这种结构并不影响主语和谓语的关系,即谓语动词的数与主语的数保持一致。
此类连接性短语有as well as,as much as,along with,with,like,rather than,
together with,but,except,besides,including,in addition to等。
如:
①Your sister as well as your parents is very kind to me.你姐姐和你父母一样,对我很好。
②She,like you and Betty,is very clever.像你和Betty一样,她也很聪明。
3.以or,either.一or,neither…nor,not only…but also…等连接的名词或代词作主语时,谓语动词的数应与就近的名词或代词一致。
如:
①was he or you in the next room just now?刚才是他还是你在隔壁房间?
②Are not only you but also he wrong?不仅你错了,而且他也错了吗?
考点3 不定量词修饰名词作主语时的主谓一致
不定量词修饰名词作主语时的主谓一致主要是指不同的不定量词修饰名词作主语时,其谓语动词也将随之变化,与主语保持一致。
1.a(great)number of,many,a few修饰可数名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数。
如:
①A number of students like English very much.许多学生都非常喜欢英语。
②Many bananas are in the basket.这个篮子里有许多香蕉。
2.a little,much,a great deal of,a large amount of修饰不可数名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
如:
Much information has been written down.大量的信息已被写下了。
3.(1arge)quantities of修饰可数名词或不可数名词作主语时,谓语动词一般用复数。
如:
There are large quantities of food in the shop.商店里有大量的食物。
4.the number of+复数名词,the amount of+不可数名词,the quantity of+可数名词复数/不可数名词等构成的短语作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
如:
The amount of money is great.钱很多。
5.this kind of+名词单数,名词单数+ofthis kind,this kind of+名词复数等结构作主语时,其内容是单数的,谓语动词也用单数。
如:
This kind of animals is dangerous.这种动物很危险。
6.these kinds of+名词复数,名词复数+of this kind等结构作主语时,其内容是复数的,谓语动词用复数。
如:、
These kinds of things are produced and sold by many different companies in the U.S.美国许多不同的公司生产和出售这些产品。
7.基数词单纯表示数字作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数,但当基数词表示的不是数字而是数量时,谓语动词可用复数。
由此可推断出,分数或百分数作主语时,其谓语动词的形式取决于分数或百分数所指的具体含义。
如:
①A billion is a large number.十亿是个大数目。
②There are 23 students,but only one.third aye boys.有23个学生,但只有1/3是男生。
8.many a+名词单数,more than one+名词单数,a/an+名词单数+or two/and a half等作主语时,尽管是复数意义,但谓语动词多用单数。
如:
①Many a student has passed the exam.许多学生都通过了考试。
②More than one question was raised.不止一个问题被提出来。
9.one and a half+名词复数,one or two+名词复数,more+名词复数+than one等结构作主语时,谓语动词多用复数。
如:
①One and a half apples aye left on the table.一个半苹果剩在桌上。
②One or two reasons were suggested.有人提出了一两个理由。
【2016高考模拟试题精讲精炼】
1. Zhengzhou University has moved to a new site in the western suburbs,_its
original one.
A. almost as large as ten times
B. more than ten times the size as
C. larger than ten times
D. more than ten times the size of
【答案】D
【解析】考查倍数的表达法句型。
此处more than ten times the size of 是倍数表达法的名词句型。
2. Mum likes this old house in downtown better than the huge one in the country, but
it costs almost ______ .
A. twice as much
B. twice as many
C. twice so much
D. twice so many
【答案】A
【解析】考查倍数表达法。
本句的后半句所要表达的意思是市中心的这座老房子的价格几乎是乡村的那所大房子的价格的两倍,故答案为A,相当于“but it costs almost twice as much as the huge}one in the country”
3. Is it he or you ______ in charge of the job and supposed to complete it punctually?
A.who is B.that is C.who are D.whom are
【答案】C
【解析】考查强调句型及主谓一致。
此处为强调句型,强调了主语 he or you,根据强调句型结构”It is/was+被强调部分+ that/who+其他”,首先排除D;谓语的单复数根据所强调的主语he or you确定,or连接并列主语时采用就近一致原则,因此根据you 确定谓语为are。
4. The family as well as their dog __ on the roof by the flood.
A.was trapped B.trapped C.were trapped . D.trapping
【答案】C
【解析】考查主谓一致。
分析句子结构可以看出,句子缺少谓语动词。
as well as 当作介词
使用,后面的成分不能做主语,主语是The family,在这里指的是一家人,所以谓语动词用复数形式。
人是被洪水困住的,所以用被动语态。
句意为:那家人还有他们饲养的狗都被洪水困到了屋顶。
5. Britain ____ many other industrialized countries, ____ major changes over the last
100 years.
A.together with; have experienced B.as well as; have experienced
C.in common with; has experienced D.instead of; has experienced
【答案】C
【解析】本题考查主谓一致。
in common with意为“和…一样”,谓语动词单复数跟前面的主语保持一直。
句意:与其它工业化国家一样,英国在过去100年里经历了重大的变化。
A、B项第一空together with,as well as意思及用法与in common with类似,均错在
第二空;D项instead of“而不是”,不合句意。
6. Some necessary equipment as well as food and clothes_______ sent to the disaster-hit area since the powerful earthquake occurred.
A. has been
B. have been
C. is being
D. are being
【答案】A
【解析】考查主谓一致。
这里的主语是Some necessary equipment,所以谓语动词用单数形式。
时间状语为since+过去时,所以用完成时。