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2021年12月大学英语CET四级预测押题卷一和答案解析

2021年12月大学英语CET四级预测押题卷一和答案解析

2021年12月四级考试预测押题卷（一）Part I Writing(30minutes)Directions:For this part,you are allowed30minutes to write a letter to offer your suggestions to your cousin who sought your advice on how to make his resume distinctive.You should write at least120words but no more than 180words.Part II Listening Comprehension(25minutes)Section ADirections:In this section,you will hear three news reports.At the end of each conversation,you will hear four questions.Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C)and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet1with a single line through the centre.Questions1and2are based on the news report you have just heard.1.A)Two.B)Three.C)Four.D)Five.2.A)He called the police after the accident.B)He broke his arm in the accident.C)He was caught taking drugs.D)He was arrested by the police.Questions3and4are based on the news report you have just heard.3.A)A cure to brain cancer.B)A new surgical instrument.C)A pen that can identify cancerous tissue.D)A new drug that can eliminate cancerous tissue.4.A)Finding the border between the cancerous and normal tissue.B)Identifying the accuracy rate of the new device.C)Improving their speed of removing a tumour.D)Using the new device in brain surgery.Questions5to7are based on the news report you have just heard.5.A)To collect scientific data on it.C)To take photos of the storm on it.B)To monitor the storm on it.D)To investigate its environment.6.A)It has lasted for nearly350years.B)It has lasted for more that350months.C)It seems to be getting smaller.D)It seems to be getting larger.7.A)What initially caused the storm.C)What is the impact of the storm.B)What is underneath the storm.D)What makes the storm last for so long.Section BDirections：In this section,you will hear two long conversations.At the end of each conversation,you will hear four questions.Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C),and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet1with a single line through the centre.Questions8to11are based on the conversation you have just heard.8.A)It’s for disabled adults.B)It’s in a sports centre.C)It’s rewarding and challenging.D)It’s compulsive in her community.9.A)The skills they need.B)The products they have.C)The market they target.D)The language they require.10.A)Diversify markets and sales strategies.B)Reduce costs and jobs.C)Learn from other companies.D)Listen to the opinions of experts.11.A)The salary and the workload.B)The office hour and the penalty system.C)The welfare and the holiday system.D)The ethical policy and the carbon footprint.Questions12to15are based on the conversation you have just heard.12.A)Double-decker buses.B)The traffic in London.C)Bus routes.D)Travels in Britain.13.A)It has no windows.B)People get onto it at the front.C)It has two carriages.D)It is open at the back.14.A)Uncomfortable.B)Noisy.C)Dangerous.D)Shabby.15.A)Bendy buses can help reduce the traffic jam.B)Bendy buses are more environmentally friendly.C)Bendy buses are convenient for people in wheelchairs.D)Bendy buses are more popular among tourists.Section CDirections:In this section,you will hear three passages.At the end of each passage,you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C)and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet1 with a single line through the centre.Questions16to18are based on the passage you have just heard.16.A)They had four toes.B)They were not as big as dogs.C)They lived in South America.D)They lived in thick forests.17.A)They had long legs and a long tail.B)They were smaller and had front eyes.C)They began to eat grass as well as fruit.D)They were bigger and had long legs.18.A)They evolved into donkeys in Asia and Africa.B)They used their long legs to run south to South Africa.C)They began to eat apples on the North American plains.D)They preferred grass to fruit and vegetables.Questions19to21are based on the passage you have just heard.19.A)Being rejected by friends and teachers.B)Staying away from his native land.C)Adapting to new study expectations.D)Keeping a balance between study and job.20.A)Talking with older brothers or sisters.C)Starting a conversation with close friends.B)Having a casual talk with a college student.D)Playing with friends on the same sports team.21.A)Follow traditions of with a college student.C)Respect the customs of different colleges.B)Take part in as many activities as possible.D)Take others’advice as reference only.Questions22to25are based on the passage you have just heard.22.A)They tend to harm wildlife.C)They are thrown away everywhere.B)They are hardly recyclable.D)They are made from useless materials.23.A)It is fatal.B)It is weird.C)It is very serious.D)It is complicated.24.A)The sea creatures that have taken in then are consumed by humans.B)The ocean’s ecology has been polluted and affected humans.C)Humans eat the seabirds that have swallowed plastic particles.D)Humans consume the fish that have eaten sea creatures with them.25.A)Its use has been drastically reduced.C)Most products use natural materials.B)It is still an indispensable material.D)The use of plastic items will be charged.PartⅢReading Comprehension(40minutes)Section ADirections:In this section,there is a passage with ten blanks.You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage.Read the passage through carefully before making your choices.Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter.Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet2with a single line through the centre.You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions26to35are based on the following passage.A third of the planet’s land is severely degraded and fertile soil is being lost at the rate of24bn tonnes a year, according to a new United Nations-backed study that calls for a shift away from destructively intensive agriculture, The alarming____26____,which is forecast to continue as demand for food and productive land increases,will ass to the risks of conflicts unless____27____actions are implemented,warns the institution behind the report.“As the ready supply of healthy and productive land dries up and the population grows,competition is ___28___for land within countries and globally,”said executive secretary of the UN Convention to Combat Desertification(UNCCD)at the launch of the Global Land Outlook.“To___29____the losses,the outlook suggests it is in all our interests to step back and rethink how we are managing the pressures and the competition.”The Global Land Outlook is____30____as the most comprehensive study of its type,mapping the interlinked impacts of urbanization,climate change,erosion and forest loss.But the biggest factor is the___31___of industrial farming.Heavy tilling,multiple harvests ans___32____use of agrochemicals have increased yields at the____33____of long-term sustainability.If the past20years,agricultural production has increased threefold and the amount of irrigated land has doubled,notes a paper in the outlook by the Joint Research Centre(JRC)of the European commission.Over time,however,this___34___fertility and can lead to abandonment of land and ___35___desertification.A)absorb I)limitedB)abundant J)minimizeC)billed K)occasionallyD)decline L)optimizesE)diminishes M)rateF)expansion N)remedialG)expense O)ultimatelyH)intensifyingSection BDirections:In this section,you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it.Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs.Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once.Each paragraph is marked with a letter.Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet2.Take Naps at Work.Apologize to No One[A]In the past two weeks I’ve taken three naps at work,a total of an hour or so of shut-eye while on the clock.And I have no shame or uncertainty about doing it.I couldn’t feel better about it,and my productivity reflects it,too.[B]Sleeping on the job is one of those workplace taboos-like leaving your desk for lunch or taking an afternoon walk-that we’re taught to look down on.If someone naps at2p.m.while the rest of us furiously write memos and respond to emails,surely it must mean they’re slacking off(偷懒).Or so the assumption goes.[C]Restfulness and recharging can take a back seat to the perception and appearance of productivity.It’s easier to stay on a virtual hamster(仓鼠)wheel of activity by immediately responding to every email than it is to measure aggregate productivity over a greater period of time.But a growing field of occupational and psychological research is building the case for restfulness in pursuit of greater productivity.[D]Companies are suffering from tremendous productivity problems because people are stressed out and not recovering from the workday,said Josh Bersin,Principal and Founder of Bersin by Deloitte.“They’re beginning to realize that this is their problem,and they can’t just say to people,‘Here’s a work-life balance course,go teach yourself how to manage your inbox,’”Mr.Bersin said.“It’s way more complicated than that.”[E]To be sure,the ability to nap at work is far from widespread,experts said.Few among us have the luxury of being able to step away for a half-hour snoozefest.But lunch hours and coffee breaks can be great times to duck out,and your increased productivity and alertness will be all the evidence you need to make your case to inquiring bosses.[F]In an ideal world,we’d all solve this problem by unplugging early and getting a good night’s sleep. Here’s our guide on how to do just that.But the next best thing is stealing away for a quick power nap when you’re dragging after lunch.[G]In a study published in Nature Neuroscience,researchers tested subjects on their perceptual performance four times throughout the day.Performance deteriorated with each test,but subjects who took a30-minute nap between tests stopped the deterioration in performance,and those who took a60-minute nap even reversed it.[H]“Naps had the same magnitude of benefits as full nights of sleep if they had a quality of nap.”said Sara Mednick,a co-author of the study and associate professor of psychology at the University of California,Riverside.[I]Dr.Mednick,a sleep researcher and the author of Take a Nap!Change Your Life,said daytime napping can have many of the benefits of overnight sleep,and different types of naps offer specific benefits.[J]For example,Dr.Mednick said a20-to60-minute nap might help with memorization and learning specific bits of information.It’s just long enough to enter stage-two sleep,or non-rapid eye movement(R.E.M.)sleep.[K]After60minutes,you start getting into R.E.M.sleep,most often associated with that deep,dreaming state we all enjoy at night R.E.M.sleep can improve creativity,perceptual processing and highly associativethinking,which allows you to make connections between disparate ideas,Dr.Mednick said.Beyond that,your best bet is a90-minute nap,which will give you a full sleep cycle.[L]Any nap,however,can help with alertness and perception and cut through the general fog that creeps in during the day,experts said.[M]So how did we even arrive at this point where aptitude is inextricably tied(紧密相连)to working long, concentrated hours?Blame technology,but think broader than smartphones and laptops;the real issue is that tech has enabled us to be available at all times.[N]“We went through a period where people were in denial and business leaders were ignoring it,”Mr. Bersin said.“They were assuming that if we give people more tools,more emails,more Slack,more chatter,and we’ll just assume they can figure out how to deal with it all.And I think they’ve woken up to the fact that this is a big problem,and it is affecting productivity,engagement,health,safety,wellness and all sorts of things.”[O]It isn’t just office workers who can benefit from an afternoon siesta(午睡).A2015study published in Current Biology looked at the at the sleeping habits of three hunter-gatherer preindustrial societies in Tanzania, Namibia and Bolivia.[P]“They’re active in the morning,then they get in the shade under the trees and have a sort of quiet time, but they’re not generally napping,”said Jerome Siegel,professor of psychiatry and biobehavioral sciences,and director of the U.C.L.A.Center for Sleep Research,a co-author of the study.“Then they do some work and go to sleep,and they sleep through the night.”[Q]Still,Mr.Siegel said,“the only genuine way to solve daytime sleepiness and fatigue starts the night before with a solid night’s sleep.”The real Holy Grail of restfulness is a regular sleep schedule with ideally seven or eight hours of sleep each night,which experts say is optimal.[R]“Daytime napping certainly does increase alertness,”Mr.Siegel said.“But it’s not as simple as going to the gas station and filling the tank.”[S]He also advises avoiding caffeine late in the day and waking around the same time every morning,even if you can’t get to sleep at the same time every night,This helps acclimate(使适应)your body to your regular wake-up time,regardless of how much sleep you got the night before.[T]So if you’ve made it this far and you’re interested in giving workday naps a try(or just starting to nod off),here’s a quick guide to the perfect nap;Find a quiet,unoccupied space where you won’t be disturbed.Try to make your area as dim as possible(or invest in a sleep mask you can keep in the office).Earplugs might help.too.Aim for around20minutes.Any longer than that and you’re likely to wake up with sleep inertia(睡眠惰性)，which will leave you even groggier(头脑昏沉的)than before.36.Participants’perceptual performance became better after sleeping one hour between tests in an article inNature Neuroscience.37.Jerome Siegel found that only by sleeping soundly through the previous night could people tackle theirweariness during the day.38.Our talent is closely bound to working with concentration for long periods of time because technologymakes us accessible24/7.39.Taking a nap at work is normally regarded as laziness that should be held in contempt and avoided inworkplace.40.Between20to60minutes,people can get into non-REM sleep which may improve memory and learningability according to Dr.Mednick.41.People can doze off at lunch and coffee breaks and defended themselves by saying their improvedproductivity and alertness when bosses investigated their whereabouts.42.The author’s tips on taking a perfect nap involve sleeping place,environment and duration.43.The author believes business leaders are aware that availability at any time due to technology has negativeeffects on every aspect of people’s life.44.The optimal length of a nap was an hour and a half so that people could go through a complete sleep cycle.45.Josh Bersin mentioned the cause of companies’big productivity problems and the solution which needsmore that just employees’efforts.Section CDirections:There are2passages in this section.Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A),B),C)and D).You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet2with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions46to50are based on the following passage.Every office worker hates meetings.But it’s a strange sort of hate,similar to the hatred of Londoners for the Northern Line,or New Yorkers for tourists who walk too slowly:the dislike is real,yet if the despised thing were to vanish,it’d be like surrendering a piece of your soul.When researchers probed into why people put up with the strain that meetings place on their time and sanity, they found something-those who resent and dread meetings the moat also defend them as a“necessary evil”, sometimes with great passion.True,research suggests that meetings take up vastly more of the average manager’s time than they used to.True,done badly,they’re associated with lower levels of innovation and employee wellbeing(幸福).But that’s just office life,right?It’s not supposed to be fun.That’s why they call it work.Underlying(引起)this attitude is an assumption that’s drummed into us not just as workers but as children, parents and romantic partners;that more communication is always a good thing.So suggestions abound for(大量存在)communicating better in meetings-for example,hold them standing up,so speakers will come to the point more quickly.But even when some companies consider abolishing meetings entirely,the principle that more communication is better isn’t questioned.If anything,it’s reinforced when such firms introduce“flat”management structures,with bosses always available to everyone,plus plenty of electronic distraction.In fact,constant connectivity is disastrous for both job satisfaction and the bottom line.And anyway,once you give it three seconds’thought,isn’t it cleat that more communication frequently isn’t a good thing?Often,the difference between a successful marriage and a second-rate one consists of leaving about three or four things a day unsaid.At work,it’s surely many more than four,though for a different reason;office communication comes at the cost of precisely the kind of focus that’s essential to good work.Yet we’re so accustomed to seeing talking as a source of solutions-for resolving conflicts or finding new ideas-that it’s hard to see when it is the problem.46.What does the author say about meetings?A)Londoners hate them as well as the Northern Line.B)They can help to keep workers’physical and spiritual health.C)Workers might be reluctant to give up them completely.D)New Yorkers dislike meetings more than Londoners.47.What did researchers find about people’s attitude towards meeting?A.Their attitude and behavior are paradoxical.B)People who hate meetings the most are senior insane.C)Those who like meetings might be considered insane.D)More meetings are regarded as a sign of less innovation.48.Why do people think that more communication is always a good thing?A)Because the concept is firmly believed by workers.B)Because everyone loves to communicate with others.C)Because the idea has been instilled into people’s mind.D)Because communication is vital for building relationships.49.What does the author think of the“flat”management structure?A)It forces bosses to frequently contact their employees.B)It helps to soften employees’bottom line of work.C)It is definitely a disaster to employees’job satisfaction.D)It strengthens people’s deeply-rooted notion of communication.50.What is the author’s argument about office communication?A)It is an effective way to solve office conflicts.B)It affects work efficiency in a negative way.C)It should come to a halt at intervals.D)It is useful for workers to find new ideas.Passage TwoQuestions51to55are based on the following passage.The Internet has enabled the spread of information at lightning speed.This information revolution has created tremendous business opportunities for online publishers,but not all of them maintain proper quality-control mechanisms to ensure that only good information is being shared.Instead,many publishers aim simply to make money by whatever means possible,with no regard for the implications for society at large.When selfish publishers set up shops online,the primary goal is to publish as much as possible,often at the cost of quality.In this respect,many publishers start numerous online journals focused on overlapping(重叠的)disciplines—to increase their total number of published papers—and hire young business managers who do not have any experience in either science or publishing.In some cases,online publishers even give up peer review, while still presenting themselves as scientific journals—deception designed to take advantage of scientists who simply want to share their research.If publishers structure their business to make more revenue,it often does harm to their products.When publishers start journals with overlapping domains,in combination with the pressure to publish more studies,this could promote the publication of marginal or even questionable articles.Moreover,publishers with multiple overlapping journals and journals with very narrow specialties(专业)increase the demands on the time and efforts of willing reviewers.With the fact that reviewers are generally not compensated for their time and effort,journal editors are often unable to find enough reviewers to keep up with the increased publication rate.To improve the situation and increase the trust in scientific community,the pressure to publish must be reduced.Funding and promotion decisions should not be based on the number of publications,but on the quality of those publications and a researcher’s long-term productivity and instructions.And that’s just the start.We need additional mechanisms,such as Beall’s list of predatory(掠夺的)publishers, to alert scientists to fake journals and fake articles.In addition,the price for online publication must be controlled and a mechanism must be put in place to honor and reward hard-working reviewers.51.What does the author think of online publishers?A)A small proportion of them can guarantee their publishing quality.B)They have lots of opportunities to renovate their business models.C)Many of them tend to try every means to make a buck.D)Social impact is their first priority when publishing books.52.It can be inferred from the second paragraph that______.A)peer review generally is a criterion to identify academic journalsB)researchers focus their research on the combination of disciplinesC)scientists care about their publications rather than researchD)young business managers are willing to face new challenges53.Why can’t publishers find enough reviewers to review papers?A)Reviewers are pressed for time when reviewing articles.B)Reviewers’gains can’t make up for what they have done.C)Publishers may compel reviewers to accept marginal articles.D)Publishers urge reviewers to increase publication rate rapidly.54.What is the author’s suggestion for online publication?A)More weight should be put on the quantity of publications.B)It is worthwhile to reward diligent reviewers for their effort.C)Fake journals should be reported to a regulatory organization.D)The price of online publication should be lowered greatly.55.What is the main idea of this passage?A)Online publishers should take measures to fight against fake scientific journals.B)Online publishers are pursuing their work efficiency at the cost of quality.C)Online publishers business models are quite likely to harm their publications.D)Online publishers are sacrificing the quality of research articles to make money.PartⅣTranslation(30minutes)Directions:For this part,you are allowed30minutes to translate a passage from Chinese intoEnglish.You should write your answer on Answer Sheet2.春节是中国的传统节日，相当于美国的圣诞节。

NSS42015听力真题

NSS42015听力真题

NSS42015听力真题Conversation 11. Why does the student go to see the professor? [单选题] *A. To get a copy of a literary magazineB. To discuss a poem he read for classC. To find out about getting an essay published(正确答案)D. To ask about an essay writing assignment.2. What does the professor imply about submissions to the editorial board? [单选题] *A. Most of them are original works of poetry.B. Most of them are from English majors.C. They will not all be published.(正确答案)D. They must be made online.3. Why does the professor mention another student's essay? [单选题] *A. To let the student know that he cannot write about a similar topicB. To give the student other ideas for his essayC. To inform the student that he will be competing with many other studentsD. To encourage the student to submit his essay.(正确答案)4. How does the professor suggest the student adjust the content of his essay? [单选题] *A. By limiting his research to a small sample of poemsB. By comparing modern poems with traditional poems(正确答案)C. By focusing more on traditional poems than on modern poemsD. By including poems from several Native American communities5. What does the professor suggest the student look for in his analysis of the poems? [单选题] *A. Elements of spoken language(正确答案)B. The grandfather's role in the communityC. The author's attitude toward the subject matterD. The use of Native American myths.Lecture 1 theater6. What is the lecture mainly about? [单选题] *A. Changes in set designs in the United States during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries(正确答案)B. Changes in approaches to set design that have influenced the subject matter of playsC. Characteristic elements of set designs in plays with domestic settingsD. Differences between set designs in the United States and set designs in Europe.7. What makes box sets distinct from other types of theatrical sets? [单选题] *A. They were originally developed by Shakespeare's theater company.B. They are used primarily in productions of ancient Greek plays.C. They are designed to simulate every aspect of an interior room.(正确答案)D. They are easily constructed and taken down.8. Why does the professor mention a French palace? [单选题] *A. To identify where the first box set was used in a playB. To illustrate the emphasis that some set designers placed on including accurate details(正确答案)C. To contrast French stage design with American stage designD. To point out that not all nineteenth-century productions were presented in theaters.9. What is the professor's opinion of elaborate stage sets? [单选题] *A. They can be suitable for certain kinds of productions.(正确答案)B. They often do not seem realistic.C. They should be used more often.D. They make it difficult for actors to do their jobs.10. According to the professor, what resulted from the practice of staging Shakespeare's plays as they had been staged in Shakespeare's own time? [单选题] *A. Anew emphasis on realism in theaterB. A new interest in plays based on historical eventsC. Greater expenses for theater companiesD. More frequent use of simple sets.(正确答案)11. What were two traits of nineteenth-century productions done in the ancient Greek style?Click on 2 answers. *A. Sets contained few, if any, props.(正确答案)B. Movement was more important than dialogue.C. Costumes were updated to interest modern audiences.D. Actors wore masks on stage.(正确答案)Lecture 2 Biology12. What is the purpose of the lecture? [单选题] *To describe two types of symbiosis found among ocean animalsTo describe a useful property of a bacterium(正确答案)To explain how certain bacteria can transfer genes from animals to plantsTo explain how Vibrio fischeri glow in the dark.13. Why does the professor mention termite digestion and the synthesis of vitamin K in humans? [单选题] *A. To contrast two very different types of symbiosisB. To explain that symbiosis is not limited to sea creaturesC. To stress how complex humans are compared to termitesD. To emphasize that symbiotic relationships are quite common.(正确答案)14. How does the symbiotic relationship with Vibrio fischeri benefit the angler fish? [单选题] *A. lt helps the angler fish to disguise itself from predators.B. lt helps the angler fish to see in the dark.C. lt helps the angler fish to attract prey.(正确答案)D. lt helps the angler fish to digest food.15. According to the professor, how does the bobtail squid avoid predators? [单选题] *A. lt uses an internal organ to illuminate itself.(正确答案)B. lt uses a symbiotic bacterium to change its color during the day.C. lt only comes out on moonless nights.D. lt stays in shallow areas where its predators cannot swim.16. What is the connection between Vibrio fischeri and transgenic technology? [单选题] *A. Vibrio fischeir's ability to live in symbiosis with other creatures inspired transgenic technology.B. Transgenic technology makes it possible to study the symbiosis of Vibrio fischeri with other organisms.C. Genes from Vibrio fischeri were the first to be used in experiments using transgenic technology.D. Genes from Vibrio fischeri can confirm the success of experiments that use transgenic technology.(正确答案)17. Why does the professor say this: [单选题] *A. To remind students about a previous lecture about termitesB. To indicate how important it is for researchers to work with microbesC. To reinforce the point she just made about symbiosis(正确答案)D. To draw the students' attention to a new topic.Conversation 218. Why does the student go to see the woman? [单选题] *A. To ask how he could play a major part in the graduation ceremony(正确答案)B. To convince her that he should be chosen as a graduation speakerC. To determine the procedure he must follow to hire a speakerD. To discuss how to apply for a position after he graduates.19. Why does the woman mention the length of the speech? [单选题] *A. To reassure the student that he should not be nervousB. To emphasize that the speech should be well focused(正确答案)C. To imply that most speeches are too longD. To explain why working with a speech coach is required20. The woman mentions several documents that the student needs to submit along with his application form. Indicate which ones he needs to include.Just Choose the included ones*A transcript of his grades(正确答案)A letter of intent(正确答案)A resumeA copy of his speechTwo letters of reference(正确答案)21. What new information helps convince the man to apply to be the commencement speaker? [单选题] *A. He would get help practicing his speech.(正确答案)B. He would be allowed to write his own speech.C. His English professor will help choose the commencement speaker.D. Previous commencement speakers have obtained jobs as speech writers.22. Why does the student say this: [单选题] *A. To clarify his understanding of the application process(正确答案)B. To suggest a way to improve the quality of commencement speechesC. To indicate that he has already written a speechD. To remind the woman about a recent change to the application process.Lecture 3 Sonification of Solart Wind23. What does the professor mainly discuss? [单选题] *A. lssues that make data about solar wind difficult to analyzeB. Reasons why it is important to study solar windC. A recent discovery about the Sun's coronaD. A method used to represent large amounts of data about solar wind.(正确答案)24. According to the professor, what can result from a magnetic storm?Click on 2 answers. *A. People can lose access to electricity.(正确答案)B. Temperatures on Earth's surface can increase temporarily.C. Earth's magnetic field can be permanently altered.D. The orbits of satellites can be disrupted.(正确答案)25. What point does the professor make about scientific visualization? [单选题] *A. lt is not well suited to representing complex data.(正确答案)B. lt is a time-consuming way to depict astronomical data.C. lt is particularly useful when depicting data about astronomical phenomena.D. lt is the best tool for analyzing a large amount of information.26. Why does the professor mention seismic data from volcanoes? [单选题] *A. To remind his students of something they discussed in a previous classB. To emphasize that the sonification of data has been done before(正确答案)C. To mention an instance when sonification was used incorrectlyD. To give an example of a time when sonification allowed scientists to predict an event.27. According to the professor, how was the solar wind data sonified? [单选题] *A. By programming data about solar wind into a computer to generate new soundsB. By following an established set of rules used for sonifying dataC. By assigning different musical sounds to three variables that affect solar wind(正确答案)D. By using clicking sounds to represent solar wind data captured by satellites.28. What is the professor's opinion of sonification? [单选题] *A. lt will not be as useful as scientific visualization.B. lt is helpful only when combined with other forms of data.C. lt will probably lead to new discoveries in astronomy.(正确答案)D. Olt is likely to become a popular method for composing music.Conversation 329. What is the conversation mainly about? [单选题] *The way the student submits his assignmentsThe student's frustration with the bookstoreThe need to place a book orderThe availability of class materials(正确答案)30. Why does the student take his lab report to the professor's office? [单选题] *To tell the professor about a problem he had with an assistantTo find out whether he can submit a photocopied versionTo ask a question about an assignmentTo meet an assignment deadline(正确答案)31. What is the cause of the problem that some students are having? [单选题] * The bookstore was slow to submit an orderThe enrollment for one of their classes was larger than expected(正确答案) They have not been able to enroll in a class that is requiredWorkbooks were missing from their textbook packages32. What is the student's attitude toward the problem? [单选题] *He is confident that the professor can solve the problem.He is not certain that the professor understands the problem.He does not share the professor's concern about the problem.(正确答案)He is upset that the professor did not know about the problem.33. What does the professor think the bookstore staff should do? [单选题] * Make sure they order workbooks and textbook at the same timeCheck that the books they ordered are the most recent editionCheck that the publisher has filed the order for extra books(正确答案) OExtend the deadline for ordering booksLecture 434. What does the professor mainly discuss? [单选题] *Early advances in tool-making skills on the central East European PlainEvidence for the early migration of humans onto the central East European Plain(正确答案)Methods used to reconstruct the early migration paths of humansReasons for the disappearance of the Aurignacian culture at Kostenki35. Why does the professor mention an ivory carving of a human head found at theKostenkisite? [单选题] *To show that the early settlers of Kostenki possessed sophisticated toolsTo indicate that the Kostenki settlers brought raw materials with them from AfricaTo prove that trade existed between Kostenki and settlements in western EuropeTo reinforce the idea that the artifacts found at Kostenki were Aurignacian(正确答案)36. What point does the professor make about radiocarbon dating? [单选题] *lt is not a dependable tool for dating artifacts over a certain age.(正确答案)lt is the only reliable way to date organic materials like bone or ivory.lt has been used to contradict the claim that Kostenki was settled 45,000 years ago.lt has been used to confirm the date that a large volcano erupted in Italy37. How were archaeologists able to determine the minimum age of the Kostenki artifacts? [单选题] *From their proximity to the bones of certain animalsOFrom their location relative to a layer of ash(正确答案)From the discovery of tools near the siteFrom the style of personal ornaments found at the site38. Why does the professor mention the discovery of needles at Kostenki? [单选题] *To show that not all of the tools found at Kostenki were technologically advancedTo indicate a type of tool not found at other Aurignacian settlementsTo indicate that the Kostenki settlers were equipped to survive in a cold climate(正确答案)To provide a contrast between technological achievements and representational art39. What is the professor's opinion about early human migration to Europe? [单选题] * Humans first settled in a surprising location.(正确答案)Humans arrived in Europe later than previously thought.Humans preferred to migrate to cold climates.lt is impossible to date early human migration.。

2023年考研英语试卷

2023年考研英语试卷

1、The recent study on climate change emphasizes the urgent need for ________ in order to mitigate its severe impacts.A. sustainable development practicesB. increased consumption of fossil fuelsC. ignoring environmental regulationsD. prioritizing economic growth over ecology (答案：A)2、In the context of global trade, the term "tariff" refers to ________.A. a tax imposed on imported or exported goodsB. a subsidy provided to domestic producersC. an agreement to eliminate trade barriersD. the free flow of goods and services without restrictions (答案：A)3、Which of the following statements best describes the concept of "cultural relativism"?A. All cultures are equally advanced and should be judged by universal standards.B. Cultural practices should be evaluated within their own cultural context.C. Some cultures are inherently better than others.D. Cultural differences are irrelevant in today's globalized world. (答案：B)4、The author's primary purpose in writing the passage is to ________.A. argue against the use of technology in educationB. advocate for the integration of technology into classroomsC. describe the historical evolution of educational toolsD. analyze the negative effects of technology on student learning (答案：B)5、The phrase "the tipping point" in the passage refers to ________.A. the moment when a minor change leads to a significant effectB. the highest point of achievement in a particular fieldC. a gradual and steady process of improvementD. the initial stage of a project's development (答案：A)6、According to the article, which of the following is NOT a challenge faced by remote workers?A. Maintaining a healthy work-life balanceB. Limited opportunities for social interactionC. Increased productivity due to fewer distractionsD. Difficulties in separating work and personal spaces (答案：C)7、The research highlights the importance of ________ in enhancing team collaboration and innovation.A. strict hierarchical structuresB. open communication channelsC. individual competition within teamsD. minimizing face-to-face interactions (答案：B)8、In the field of artificial intelligence, "machine learning" involves ________.A. programming computers to perform specific tasks without adaptationB. enabling computers to learn and improve from data without being explicitly programmedC. using pre-determined algorithms for all problem-solving scenariosD. relying solely on human input for decision-making processes (答案：B)9、The main argument presented in the passage is that ________.A. renewable energy sources are not yet reliable enoughB. investing in renewable energy is crucial for sustainable developmentC. fossil fuels remain the most efficient energy sourceD. technological advancements have made traditional energy sources obsolete (答案：B)10、Which of the following best explains the concept of "digital footprint"?A. The physical space occupied by digital devicesB. The trail of data left behind by online activitiesC. The speed of internet connectionD. The amount of storage space on a digital device (答案：B)。

专题09 卫报：2023年的美容趋势-2023年高考英语外刊阅读及模拟强化训练(教师版)

专题09 卫报：2023年的美容趋势-2023年高考英语外刊阅读及模拟强化训练(教师版)

Beauty Trends to Look out for in 20232023年的美容趋势文章选自《英国卫报》主题语境：人与社会子语境：时尚生活原文出处：Guardian 语篇类型：说明文关键词：beauty；industry；product；brand篇章导读：2023年已经到来，美容行业已经对新趋势进入市场充满期待。

近年来，我们看到了天然和有机美容产品的巨大增长，以及对可持续性的主要关注。

原汁原味外刊阅读及模拟强化训练2023 is right around the corner, andthe beauty industry is already abuzz withanticipation of what new trends will bemaking their way into the market. Inrecent years, we’ve seen a huge increase innatural and organic beauty products, aswell as a major focus on sustainability.As we move closer to 2023, it’s likelythat these trends will continue to evolve and grow. Here are some of the beauty trends to look out for in 2023.1. Eco-Friendly PackagingThe beauty industry has already started to make strides in reducing its plastic usage, and this trend is expected to continue into 2023. Eco-friendly packaging is quickly becoming the norm, with many brands opting for biodegradable materials or recyclable materials. This trend is great for the environment, and it’s one that many customers are looking for when shopping for beautyproducts.2. Plant-Based Beauty ProductsPlant-based beauty products are a growing trend in the industry, and this trend is only expected to increase in 2023. Plant-based products are made from natural ingredients, and they often contain fewer synthetic chemicals than traditional beauty products. These products are also typically more sustainable, as they are made from renewable resources.3. Natural IngredientsThe use of natural ingredients in beauty products is another trend that is expected to continue into 2023. Many brands are now using natural ingredients, such as essential oils and botanicals, in their formulas. These ingredients are often more gentle and beneficial for the skin than synthetic chemicals, making them a great choice for those with sensitive skin.4. Personalised ProductsPersonalised beauty products are becoming increasingly popular, and this trend is expected to continue into 2023. Many brands are now offering personalised products, such as customized serums and moisturizers, which are tailored to the individual’s skin type and needs. This trend has been embraced by many customers, as it allows them to get products that are specifically designed for their needs.5. Sustainable BeautySustainable beauty is a trend that has been gaining traction in recent years, and it is expected to continue into 2023. This trend focuses on creating products that are made with sustainable, renewable resources, such as plant-based ingredients and biodegradable packaging. This trend is great for the environment, and it’s one that many customers are looking for when shopping for beauty products.读后强化训练I. 单句语法填空1. The classroom teacher must be sensitive (sense) to a child's needs.2. Pumpkin pie is a traditional (tradition) American dish served on Thanksgiving.3. They embraced (embrace) and promised to keep in touch.4. We shall maintain our focus on the needs of the customer.5. MPs are now making their way into the Chamber for what the Government is calling.II.阅读理解1. Why are plant beauty products sustainable?A. They are strong and durable.B. They are friendly to the environment.C. They are made from renewable resources.D. They contain more mild chemicals.【答案】C【解析】细节理解题。

tpo35三篇阅读原文译文题目答案译文背景知识

tpo35三篇阅读原文译文题目答案译文背景知识

tpo35三篇阅读原文译文题目答案译文背景知识阅读-1 (1)原文 (2)译文 (5)题目 (8)答案 (17)背景知识 (18)阅读-2 (21)原文 (21)译文 (24)题目 (27)答案 (36)背景知识 (36)阅读-3 (39)原文 (39)译文 (43)题目 (46)答案 (54)背景知识 (55)阅读-1原文Earth’ s Age①One of the first recorded observers to surmise a long age for Earth was the Greek historian Herodotus, who lived from approximately 480 B.C. to 425 B.C. He observed that the Nile River Delta was in fact a series of sediment deposits built up in successive floods. By noting that individual floods deposit only thin layers of sediment, he was able to conclude that the Nile Delta had taken many thousands of years to build up. More important than the amount of time Herodotus computed, which turns out to be trivial compared with the age of Earth, was the notion that one could estimate ages of geologic features by determining rates of the processes responsible for such features, and then assuming the rates to be roughly constant over time. Similar applications of this concept were to be used again and again in later centuries to estimate the ages of rock formations and, in particular, of layers of sediment that had compacted and cemented to form sedimentary rocks.②It was not until the seventeenth century that attempts were madeagain to understand clues to Earth's history through the rock record. Nicolaus Steno (1638-1686) was the first to work out principles of the progressive depositing of sediment in Tuscany. However, James Hutton (1726-1797), known as the founder of modern geology, was the first to have the important insight that geologic processes are cyclic in nature. Forces associated with subterranean heat cause land to be uplifted into plateaus and mountain ranges. The effects of wind and water then break down the masses of uplifted rock, producing sediment that is transported by water downward to ultimately form layers in lakes, seashores, or even oceans. Over time, the layers become sedimentary rock. These rocks are then uplifted sometime in the future to form new mountain ranges, which exhibit the sedimentary layers (and the remains of life within those layers) of the earlier episodes of erosion and deposition.③Hutton's concept represented a remarkable insight because it unified many individual phenomena and observations into a conceptual picture of Earth’s history. With the further assumption that these geologic processes were generally no more or less vigorous than they are today, Hutton's examination of sedimentary layers led him to realize that Earth's history must be enormous, that geologic time is anabyss and human history a speck by comparison.④After Hutton, geologists tried to determine rates of sedimentation so as to estimate the age of Earth from the total length of the sedimentary or stratigraphic record. Typical numbers produced at the turn of the twentieth century were 100 million to 400 million years. These underestimated the actual age by factors of 10 to 50 because much of the sedimentary record is missing in various locations and because there is a long rock sequence that is older than half a billion years that is far less well defined in terms of fossils and less well preserved.⑤Various other techniques to estimate Earth's age fell short, and particularly noteworthy in this regard were flawed determinations of the Sun's age. It had been recognized by the German philosopher Immanuel Kant (1724-1804) that chemical reactions could not supply the tremendous amount of energy flowing from the Sun for more than about a millennium. Two physicists during the nineteenth century both came up with ages for the Sun based on the Sun's energy coming from gravitational contraction. Under the force of gravity, the compressionresulting from a collapse of the object must release energy. Ages for Earth were derived that were in the tens of millions of years, much less than the geologic estimates of the lime.⑥It was the discovery of radioactivity at the end of the nineteenth century that opened the door to determining both the Sun’s energy source and the age of Earth. From the initial work came a suite of discoveries leading to radio isotopic dating, which quickly led to the realization that Earth must be billions of years old, and to the discovery of nuclear fusion as an energy source capable of sustaining the Sun's luminosity for that amount of time. By the 1960s, both analysis of meteorites and refinements of solar evolution models converged on an age for the solar system, and hence for Earth, of 4.5 billion years.译文地球的年龄①希腊历史学家希罗多德是最早有记录的推测地球年龄的观察家之一，他生活在大约公元前480年到公元前425年。

航空兵器引文格式

航空兵器引文格式

2016年第1期引文格式樊会涛，崔颢，天光．空空导弹70年发展综述[J]．航空兵器，2016（1）：3-12．Fan Huitao，Cui Hao，Tian Guang．A Review on the 70-Year Development of Air-to-Air Missiles[J]．Aero Weaponry，2016（1）：3-12．（in Chinese）杨林冲，王清海．反辐射导弹对抗雷达关机技术研究[J]．航空兵器，2016（1）：13-17．Yang Linchong，Wang Qinghai．Research on against Radar Shutdown Technique of Anti Radiation Missile[J]．Aero Weaponry，2016（1）：13-17．（in Chinese）曹旭东．基于耦合振荡器阵列的有源相控阵技术[J]．航空兵器，2016（1）：18-24．Cao Xudong．Active Phased Array Technology Based on the Coupled Oscillators[J]．Aero Weaponry，2016（1）：18-24．in Chinese）苏斌，朱建立，王建．相控阵大功率T/R模块关键技术分析[J]．航空兵器，2016（1）：25-27．Su Bin，Zhu Jianli，Wang Jian．Analysis on Key Technologies of High Power T/R Module Used for Phased Array[J]．Aero Weaponry，2016（1）：25-27．（in Chinese）黄新朝，付全红，张富利．超表面研究进展[J]．航空兵器，2016（1）：28-34．Huang Xinchao，Fu Quanhong，Zhang Fuli．Research Advances of Metasurface[J]．Aero Weaponry，2016（1）：28-34．（in Chinese）邵雷，张金鹏，曹有亮．基于鲁棒轨迹跟踪的直/气复合鲁棒控制设计[J]．航空兵器，2016（1）：35-39．Shao Lei，Zhang Jinpeng，Cao Youliang． Blended Robust Control Method with Lateral Thrust and Aerodynamic Force Based on Robust Trail Tracking[J]．Aero Weaponry，2016（1）：35-39．（in Chinese）曹有亮，张金鹏．扩展卡尔曼滤波器的目标机动信息估计研究[J]．航空兵器，2016（1）：40-44．Cao Youliang，Zhang Jinpeng．Research on Target Maneuvering Information Estimation Method of EKF[J]．Aero Weaponry，2016（1）：40-44．（in Chinese）赵龙，徐剑芸，李群生，等．集成光波导陀螺在空空导弹的应用展望[J]．航空兵器，2016（1）：45-49．Zhao Long，Xu Jianyun，Li Qunsheng，et al．Application Prospect of Integrated Optical Waveguide Gyroscope in Air-to-Air Missile[J]．Aero Weaponry，2016（1）：45-49．（in Chinese）史要涛，翟金龙，陈守谦，等．二次曲面共形整流罩像差特性研究[J]．航空兵器，2016（1）：50-54．Shi Yaotao，Zhai Jinlong，Chen Shouqian，et al．Research on Aberration Characteristics of Conicoidal Conformal Domes[J]．Aero Weaponry，2016（1）：50-54．（in Chinese）武伟，潘国庆，孙金霞．无热化保形光学系统设计[J]．航空兵器，2016（1）：55-59．Wu Wei，Pan Guoqing，Sun Jinxia． Athermal Design for Conformal Optical System[J]．Aero Weaponry，2016（1）：55-59．（in Chinese）郭梦飞，郭颜红，尚永腾．基于MDF方法的装药燃面推移算法研究[J]．航空兵器，2016（1）：60-63．Guo Mengfei，Guo Yanhong，Shang Yongteng．Research on Burning Surface Calculation of Propellant Grain Based on MDF[J]．Aero Weaponry，2016（1）：60-63．（in Chinese）席运洋，刘万远，鲍华．某型空空导弹电子部件加速贮存寿命试验方法研究[J]．航空兵器，2016（1）：64-68．Xi Yunyang，Liu Wanyuan，Bao Hua．Testing Method Study of Accelerated Storage Life for Electronic Components in Certain Air-to-Air Missile[J]．Aero Weaponry，2016（1）： 64-68．（in Chinese）曹奔，黄贞益，牛亚然，等．高温防护涂层对燃气舵瞬态绕流场影响的模拟研究[J]．航空兵器，2016（1）：69-72．Cao Ben，Huang Zhenyi，Niu Yaran，et al．Simulation Study on Transient Circumferential Flow Field of Gas Vane with Plasma-Sprayed High-Temperature Protective Coatings[J]．Aero Weaponry，2016（1）：69-72．（in Chinese）肖军，雷鸣，周健松，等．发射装置挂弹口结构完整性防护技术研究[J]．航空兵器，2016（1）：73-76．Xiao Jun，Lei Ming，Zhou Jiansong，et al．Research on Protection Technique for Structural Integrality of Launcher Trough for Missiles[J]．Aero Weaponry，2016（1）： 73-76．（in Chinese）辛腾达，范惠林，刘成亮．某型火箭发射装置检测系统设计与实现[J]．航空兵器，2016（1）：77-80．Xin Tengda，Fan Huilin，Liu Chengliang．Design and Realized of Test System for a Type of Rocket Launcher[J]．Aero Weaponry，2016（1）：77-80．（in Chinese）2016年第2期引文格式刘代军，张蓬蓬．美国下一代空空导弹发展历程与启示[J]．航空兵器，2016（2）：3-8．Liu Daijun，Zhang Pengpeng．Development and Revelation of US Next Generation Air-to-Air Missile[J]．Aero Weaponry，2016（2）：3-8．（in Chinese）任淼，刘晶晶，赵鸿燕，等．2015年国外空空导弹发展动态研究[J]．航空兵器，2016（2）：9-16．Ren Miao，Liu Jingjing，Zhao Hongyan，et al．Research on Foreign Air-to-Air Missiles’ Development in 2015[J]．Aero Weaponry，2016（2）：9-16．（in Chinese）马立群，段朝阳．基于冲压发动机技术的远程战术导弹制导与控制发展综述[J]．航空兵器，2016（2）：17-23．Ma Liqun，Duan Chaoyang．Review on Development of Guidance and Control for Long-Range Tactical Missile Based on Ramjet Technique[J]．Aero Weaponry，2016（2）：17-23．（in Chinese）李海燕，许江宁，张金鹏，等．高超声速飞行器纵向内环系统反演预设性能控制[J]．航空兵器，2016（2）：24-28．Li Haiyan，Xu Jiangning，Zhang Jinpeng，et al．Backstepping Control with Prescribed Performance for Longitudinal Inner-Loop System of Hypersonic Vehicles[J]．Aero Weaponry，2016（2）：24-28．（in Chinese）陈宇，付书堂，刘建团．基于机载捷联惯导计算导弹初始姿态的算法[J]．航空兵器，2016（2）：29-31．Chen Yu，Fu Shutang，Liu 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with Main Lobe Interference Suppression［J］．Aero Weaponry，2016（6）： 21-24．（in Chinese）王立发，秦立峰．一种宽带高性能T/R组件的设计［J］．航空兵器，2016（6）：25-28．Wang Lifa，Qin Lifeng．Design of Broadband and Highperformance T/R Module［J］．Aero Weaponry，2016（6）：25-28．（in Chinese）赵瑞华，王振亚，刘文豹．T/R组件中功放脉冲调制电路的分析与设计［J］．航空兵器，2016（6）：29-32．Zhao Ruihua，Wang Zhenya，Liu Wenbao．Analysis and Design of the Power Amplifier Pulse Modulation Circuit for T/R Module［J］．Aero Weaponry，2016（6）：29-32．（in Chinese）徐艳国．机载火控雷达技术发展及对导引头的启示［J］．航空兵器，2016（6）：33-39．Xu Yanguo．Development of Airborne Fire Control Radar Technology and Its Inspiration to Seeker［J］．Aero Weaponry，2016（6）：33-39．（in Chinese）郑巧珍，黄飞，王佳，等．多通道相控阵雷达导引头技术概述［J］．航空兵器，2016（6）：40-43．Zheng Qiaozhen，Huang Fei，Wang Jia，et al．Overview of Multi-Channel Phased Array Radar Seeker［J］．Aero Weaponry，2016（6）：40-43．（in Chinese）刘超，刘仙名，王立强．一种基于新型动态混合重叠网格的数值模拟方法［J］．航空兵器，2016（6）：44-48．Liu Chao，Liu Xianming，Wang Liqiang．A Numerical Simulation Method Based on the New Dynamic Mixing Overlapping Grid［J］．Aero Weaponry，2016（6）：44-48．（in Chinese）祝佳芳，王新龙，邹静如．平台惯导静基座自对准方案特性分析与验证［J］．航空兵器，2016（6）：49-54．Zhu Jiafang，Wang Xinlong，Zou Jingru．Analysis and Validation of Self-Alignment Methods of Platform Inertial Navigation System［J］．Aero Weaponry，2016（6）：49-54．（in Chinese）王勋，王新龙，车欢，等．SINS/陆基单站组合导航系统建模与性能仿真验证［J］．航空兵器，2016（6）：55-60．Wang Xun，Wang Xinlong，Che Huan，et al．Simulation and Validation of SINS/Land-Based Single Station Integrated Navigation System［J］．Aero Weaponry，2016（6）： 55-60．（in Chinese）米胜男，邓磊，曲志昱，等．基于数字信道化的雷达信号调制类型识别［J］．航空兵器，2016（6）：61-65．Mi Shengnan，Deng Lei，Qu Zhiyu，et al．Recognition of Radar Signals Modulation Type Based on Digital Channelization［J］．Aero Weaponry，2016（6）：61-65．（in Chinese）印华融，翁春生．爆轰波在变截面突扩管道中的传播特性研究［J］．航空兵器，2016（6）：66-72．Yin Huarong，Weng Chunsheng．Propagation Characteristics of Detonation Wave in Variable Cross-Section Sudden Expansion Pipe［J］．Aero Weaponry，2016（6）：66-72．（in Chinese）张春雨，郭兵，王金虎，等．高硬脆保形红外整流罩的加工发展现状［J］．航空兵器，2016（6）：73-79．Zhang Chunyu，Guo Bing，Wang Jinhu，et al．Current Status in Machining of Super Hard and Brittle Conformal Infrared Domes［J］．Aero Weaponry，2016（6）：73-79．（in Chinese）陈智芳，王俊华．基于自然贮存试验的产品贮存寿命评估方法［J］．航空兵器，2016（6）：80-82．Chen Zhifang，Wang Junhua．Evaluation Method of Storage Life Based on Natural Storage Experiment［J］．Aero Weaponry，2016（6）：80-82．（in Chinese）2017年第1期引文格式廖桂生，许京伟，李婕，等．弹载相控阵雷达系统设计与信号处理问题［J］．航空兵器，2017（1）：3-9.Liao Guisheng，Xu Jingwei，Li Jie，et al．Key Issue on System Design and Signal Processing for Missile-Borne Phased Array Radar［J］．Aero Weaponry，2017（1）：3-9．(in Chinese)任淼，文琳，王秀萍．2016年国外空空导弹发展动态研究［J］．航空兵器，2017（1）：10-17．Ren Miao，Wen Lin，Wang Xiuping．Research on Foreign Air-to-Air Missiles’ Development in 2016［J］．Aero Weaponry，2017（1）：10-17．(in Chinese)孙兆妍，王新龙．高轨环境中GNSS可见性及几何精度因子分析［J］．航空兵器，2017（1）：18-27Sun Zhaoyan，Wang Xinlong．GNSS Satellite Visibility in High Orbit Environment and DOP Analysis［J］．Aero Weaponry，2017（1）：18-27．(in Chinese)程海彬，鲁浩．机载武器SINS/BDS组合导航自适应滤波算法研究［J］．航空兵器，2017（1）：28-32Cheng Haibin，Lu Hao．Study of Airborne Weapons SINS/BDS Integrated Navigation Adaptive Filter Algorithm［J］．Aero Weaponry，2017（1）：28-32．(in Chinese)赵雨楠，王新龙．星光折射间接敏感地平定位模型的误差分析［J］．航空兵器，2017（1）：33-38.Zhao Yunan，Wang Xinlong．Error Analysis of Stellar Refraction Indirect Horizon Sensing Positioning Model［J］．Aero Weaponry，2017（1）：33-38．(in Chinese)彭继平，霍鑫，杨宝庆，等．不同攻角约束下空空导弹敏捷转弯过程弹道优化［J］．航空兵器，2017（1）：39-44Peng Jiping，Huo Xin，Yang Baoqing，et al．Trajectory Optimization for Air-to-Air Missile’s Agile Turn with Different Angle of Attack Constraints［J］．Aero Weaponry，2017（1）：39-44．(in Chinese)徐啟云，王洁，王鹏飞，等．基于滑模变结构的无人机导引律仿真研究［J］．航空兵器，2017（1）：45-49Xu Qiyun，Wang Jie，Wang Pengfei，et al．Simulation Study on the Guidance Law of UCA V Based on Sliding Mode Variable Structure［J］．Aero Weaponry，2017（1）：45-49．(in Chinese)吴国成，朱莉，胡立忠，等．基于磁负超材料的低互耦天线阵列设计［J］．航空兵器，2017（1）：50-54Wu Guocheng，Zhu Li，Hu Lizhong，et al．Design of Low Mutual Coupling Antenna Array Based on Single-Negative Magnetic Metamaterial［J］．Aero Weaponry 2017（1）：50-54．(in Chinese)成杰，李新德．基于Hu矩与改进PNN的飞机姿态识别算法［J］．航空兵器，2017（1）：55-61Cheng Jie，Li Xinde．An Algorithm of Aircraft Pose Recognition Based on Hu Moments andIPNN［J］．Aero Weaponry，2017（1）：55-61．(in Chinese)杨娜，陈虎林．导弹遇靶碰撞的过载仿真分析［J］．航空兵器，2017（1）：62-67Yang Na，Chen Hulin．Overload Simulation and Analysis for Missile Impacting Target Drone ［J］．Aero Weaponry，2017（1）：62-67．(in Chinese)刘昕卓，米胜男，曲志昱，等．宽带数字信道化接收机算法研究与硬件实现［J］．航空兵器，2017（1）：68-73Liu Xinzhuo，Mi Shengnan，Qu Zhiyu，et al．Wideband Digital Channelized Receiver’s Algorithm Research and Its Hardware Implementation［J］．Aero Weaponry，2017（1）：68-73．(in Chinese)杨科．气动加热对空空导弹内部电路的温度影响分析［J］．航空兵器，2017（1）：74-78 Yang Ke．Analysis for Temperature Effect of Aerodynamic Heating on the Internal Circuit of the Air-to-Air Missile［J］．Aero Weaponry，2017（1）：74-78．(in Chinese)曹亮，尹逊青，秦丽．脉冲多普勒引信抗干扰通道距离门优化设计［J］．航空兵器，2017（1）：79-82Cao Liang，Yin Xunqing，Qin Li．Optimization Design of Anti-Jamming Channel Range Gate of Pulse Dopplor Fuze［J］．Aero Weaponry，2017（1）：79-82．(in Chinese)李松，王成华，朱秋明，等．基于CCSDS的自适应传输系统设计及实现［J］．航空兵器，2017（1）：83-88Li Song，Wang Chenghua，Zhu Qiuming，et al．Design and Implementation of Adaptive Transmission Scheme Based on CCSDS Protocol［J］．Aero Weaponry，2017（1）：83-88．(in Chinese)2017年第2期引文格式樊会涛，张蓬蓬．空空导弹面临的挑战［J］．航空兵器，2017（2）：3-7．Fan Huitao，Zhang Pengpeng．The Challenges for Air-to-Air Missile［J］．Aero Weaponry，2017（2）：3-7．（in Chinese）宋俊红，宋申民，张金鹏．考虑自动驾驶仪延迟的三维光滑自适应滑模制导律［J］．航空兵器，2017（2）：8-13．Song Junhong，Song Shenmin，Zhang Jinpeng．Three-Dimensional Smooth Adaptive Sliding Mode Guidance Law with Autopilot Lag［J］．Aero Weaponry，2017（2）：8-13．（in Chinese）薛震．卫星制导炸弹带落角约束最优末制导律设计［J］．航空兵器，2017（2）：14-18．Xue Zhen．Design for Satellites Guided Bomb of Optimal Terminal Guidance Law with Fall Angle Constraint［J］．Aero Weaponry，2017（2）：14-18．（in Chinese）袁林．显式制导下飞行器落点精度蒙特卡洛仿真［J］．航空兵器，2017（2）：19-23．Yuan Lin．Monte Carlo Simulation for the Accuracy of Spacecraft Fall Points in Explicit Guidance ［J］．Aero Weaponry，2017（2）：19-23．（in Chinese）吴彤薇，吴震．复合制导空空导弹红外导引头搜索方式的截获概率分析［J］．航空兵器，2017（2）：24-27．Wu Tongwei，Wu Zhen．Acquisition Probability Analysis on Search Mode of Combined Guidance System with AAM Infrared Seeker［J］．Aero Weaponry，2017（2）：24-27．（in Chinese）张喜涛，王晖，张学峰．基于对极几何学的红外目标姿态估计［J］．航空兵器，2017（2）：28-32．Zhang Xitao，Wang Hui，Zhang Xuefeng．Attitude Estimation for Infrared Target Based on Epipolar Geometry［J］．Aero Weaponry，2017（2）：28-32．（in Chinese）刘晓川，沈冬，刘玉宝．携SAR微小型无人机系统研究［J］．航空兵器，2017（2）：33-37．Liu Xiaochuan，Shen Dong，Liu Yubao．Research on the Micro Small UAV System Carrying SAR ［J］．Aero Weaponry，2017（2）：33-37．（in Chinese）刘浩，闫俊，蔡云泽．机动目标的多站无源定位延迟补偿算法［J］．航空兵器，2017（2）：38-42．Liu Hao，Yan Jun，Cai Yunze．Time Delay Compensation Algorithm of Maneuvering Target Multiple Passive Location［J］．Aero Weaponry，2017（2）：38-42．（in Chinese）刘玉磊，张泽远．引流式直接力装置动态特性研究［J］．航空兵器，2017（2）：43-48．Liu Yulei，Zhang Zeyuan．Study on Aerodynamic Characteristics of Lateral Thrust Set［J］．Aero Weaponry，2017（2）：43-48．（in Chinese）魏雁昕，李宝星，翁春生．分叉管内爆轰波传播特性实验研究［J］．航空兵器，2017（2）：49-54．Wei Yanxin，Li Baoxing，Weng Chunsheng．Experimental Study on Propagation Characteristics of Detonation Wave in Bifurcated Pipe［J］．Aero Weaponry，2017（2）：49-54．（in Chinese）孟超，司乐飞，张晓玲，等．背减薄过程中面阵探测器形变研究［J］．航空兵器，2017（2）：55-59．Meng Chao，Si Lefei，Zhang Xiaoling，et al．Deformation Study on Infrared Focal Plane Array Detector in Back-Thinning Process［J］．Aero Weaponry，2017（2）：55-59．（in Chinese）张吴晖，卢文壮，杨斌，等．磁控溅射法制备五氧化二钒薄膜的表面粗糙度研究［J］．航空兵器，2017（2）：60-64．Zhang Wuhui，Lu Wenzhuang，Yang Bin，et al．Study on Surface Roughness of V2O5 Films Prepared by Magnetron Sputtering［J］．Aero Weaponry，2017（2）：60-64．（in Chinese）宋扬，王清海．并行测试技术工程化应用研究［J］．航空兵器，2017（2）：65-70．Song Yang，Wang Qinghai．Research on Parallel Test Technology for Engineering Applications ［J］．Aero Weaponry，2017（2）：65-70．（in Chinese）谷雨，王成华，朱秋明，等．基于CCSDS协议的中频信号源设计与实现［J］．航空兵器，2017（2）：71-76．Gu Yu，Wang Chenghua，Zhu Qiuming，et al．Design and Implementation of Intermediate Frequency Signal Source Based on CCSDS Protocol［J］．Aero Weaponry，2017（2）：71-76．（in Chinese）薛志远，王春雷．基于多核处理器的电源管理系统的设计与实现［J］．航空兵器，2017（2）：77-80．Xue Zhiyuan，Wang Chunlei．Design and Implementation of Power Management System Based on Multi-Core Processors［J］．Aero Weaponry，2017（2）：77-80．（in Chinese）。

高中英语学术前沿单选题30题

高中英语学术前沿单选题30题

高中英语学术前沿单选题30题1. In academic research, the data should be analyzed ______ to draw accurate conclusions.A. carefullyB. carelesslyC. quicklyD. slowly答案：A。

本题考查副词的用法。

carefully 表示“仔细地”，在学术研究中，为了得出准确的结论，数据应该被仔细分析。

carelessly 表示“粗心地”，不符合学术研究的要求。

quickly 表示“快速地”，但重点不是速度而是仔细程度。

slowly 表示“缓慢地”，也不符合学术研究追求准确的目的。

2. The scientist ______ a new theory to explain the phenomenon.A. put forwardB. put offC. put upD. put down答案：A。

put forward 意为“提出”，科学家提出新理论来解释这一现象，符合语境。

put off 表示“推迟”；put up 表示“张贴；搭建”；put down 表示“写下；镇压”，均不符合。

3. The experiment was ______ because of the lack of funds.A. cancelledB. continuedC. completedD. controlled答案：A。

cancelled 表示“取消”，由于缺乏资金实验被取消。

continued 表示“继续”；completed 表示“完成”；controlled 表示“控制”，均不符合缺乏资金的情况。

4. The results of the study ______ the previous hypothesis.A. confirmedB. contradictedC. supportedD. ignored答案：B。

高三英语科学前沿动态单选题30题

高三英语科学前沿动态单选题30题

高三英语科学前沿动态单选题30题1. In the latest scientific experiment, the researchers found that the substance reacts ______ with certain chemicals.A. stronglyB. weaklyC. rapidlyD. slowly答案：A。

本题考查副词的词义辨析。

A 选项“strongly”表示“强烈地”，符合实验中物质反应的程度；B 选项“weakly”表示“微弱地”，与实验情况不符；C 选项“rapidly”侧重速度快；D 选项“slowly”侧重速度慢，均不符合物质与化学物质反应的强度描述。

2. The new scientific experiment aimed to discover how the cells ______ under extreme conditions.A. behaveB. behavesC. behavingD. to behave答案：A。

本题考查动词形式。

“how the cells behave”是宾语从句，从句中主语“the cells”是复数，谓语动词用原形，A 选项正确；B 选项“behaves”是第三人称单数形式，错误；C 选项“behaving”是现在分词形式，不能作谓语；D 选项“to behave”是动词不定式，不能作谓语。

3. During the scientific experiment, they observed that thetemperature ______ steadily.A. roseB. risesC. is risingD. has risen答案：A。

本题考查时态。

“During the scientific experiment”是过去的时间段，要用一般过去时，A 选项“rose”是过去式，正确；B 选项“rises”是一般现在时的第三人称单数形式；C 选项“is rising”是现在进行时；D 选项“has risen”是现在完成时，均不符合过去时间段的语境。

2024年江苏新高考一卷英语试题.doc

2024年江苏新高考一卷英语试题.doc

2024年江苏新高考一卷英语试题2024年江苏新高考一卷英语试题及答案例：How much is the shirt?A.E19.15.B.E9.18.C.E9.15.答案是C.1.What is Kate doing?A.Boarding a flight.B.Arranging a tripC.Seeing a friend off.2.What are the speakers talking about?A.pop star.B.An old songC.A radio program3.What will the speakers do today?A.Goto an art show.B.Meet the mans aunt.C.Eat out with Mark4.What does the man want to do?A.Cancel an order.B.Ask for a receipt.C.Reschedule a delivery5.When will the next train to Bedford leave?A.At 9:45.B.At 10:15C.At 11:00.第二节 (共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。

每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的 A 、B 、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。

听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。

每段对话或独白读两遍。

听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。

6.What will the weather be like today?A.StormyB.SunnyC.Foggy7.What is the man going to do?A.Plant a tree.B.Move his carC.Check the map听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。

北京市大兴区2023年~2023年学年度第一学期期末考试高三英语试题(含答案解析)

北京市大兴区2023年~2023年学年度第一学期期末考试高三英语试题(含答案解析)

大兴区2023 2023 学年度第一学期期末检测试卷高三英语2023.01本试卷共120 分，考试时间100 分钟。

考生务必将答案写在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。

分)第一局部学问运用(共两节，45第一节语法填空(共10 小题；每题15 分，共15 分)阅读以下短文，依据短文内容填空。

在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1 个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

ADr. William retired from business 1 an early age; and an important reason for his doing so was that he might devote himself more fully to the education of his daughters, which 2 (conduct) almost entirely at home. Having a decided taste fbr the ancient classics,he considered that so good a foundation of a sound education ought not to be ignored. Just like other parents, he thought 3 came first was the education of their children.BWith my summer holiday 4 (approach). I decided to make a plan to go travelling in Yunnan Province. By searching infbnnation online, I get to know some places of interest in Dali. Every year, tourists come flooding into the small town of Dali from all directions. The streets are 5 (usual) crowded with people, buying souvenirs and taking pictures everywhere. In addition, after a talk with some of my friends having a trip in Dali before, I can”t wait to travel in Yunnan 6 (enjoy) the beautiful scenery there.C(倾余I) to one side. When We get our warmth from the sun. The Earth 7 (take) one year to go around the sun. It is always tiltedthe North Pole is tilted towards the sun, the northern part of the world has summer 8 it is winter in the south. The in-beUveen timesare spring and autumn. However, not everywhere has summer and winter. In some parts of the world, the weather is always hot, and winter never comes. These are the 9 (country) around the equator, 10 is a line drawn around the middle of a globe of the Earth.其次节完形填空(共20 小题；每题 1.5 分，共30 分)阅读下面短文，把握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最正确选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

济南2024年03版小学6年级下册第三次英语第6单元测验卷[有答案]

济南2024年03版小学6年级下册第三次英语第6单元测验卷[有答案]

济南2024年03版小学6年级下册英语第6单元测验卷[有答案]考试时间：80分钟（总分:100）A卷一、综合题(共计100题)1、填空题：The ______ (物种) diversity is crucial for a healthy ecosystem.2、填空题：The _____ (火烈鸟) is pink and stands on one leg.3、How many hours are there in a day?A. 12B. 24C. 36D. 48答案：B4、填空题：The ______ (阳光照射) plays a role in photosynthesis.5、填空题：I want to _______ (学会) playing the piano.6、What is 20 + 30?a. 40b. 50c. 60d. 70答案:b7、听力题：The Earth’s ______ is responsible for its magnetic f ield.8、What do you call a person who repairs computers?A. TechnicianB. EngineerC. BuilderD. Designer答案:A9、What is the capital of Russia?A. St. PetersburgB. MoscowC. KievD. Minsk答案: B10、听力题：We have a _____ (活动) for Earth Day.11、What is the name of the famous rock band known for hits like "Hey Jude"?A. The Rolling StonesB. The BeatlesC. QueenD. Pink Floyd答案：B12、填空题：I have a toy _____ that can dance.13、听力题：The capital of Senegal is __________.14、听力题：Saltwater is an example of a ______.15、填空题：We have a ______ (愉快的) celebration for achievements.16、填空题：The ancient Egyptians created beautiful _____ for their gods.17、What do we call the melting of snow and ice?A. PrecipitationB. EvaporationC. RunoffD. Thawing答案:D18、填空题：A __________ day is perfect for going to the zoo. (温暖的)19、听力题：A reaction that produces a gas and a solid is called a ______ reaction.20、填空题：The _______ (Peasants’ Revolt) occurred in England in 1381.21、填空题：The ______ (鲸鱼) is known for its size and beauty.22、听力题：The chemical symbol for technetium is ______.23、填空题：Birds can ______ (飞) in the sky.24、听力题：Space exploration began in the ______ century.25、填空题：My uncle is a __________ (音乐家).26、听力题：My dad likes to go on ____ (hiking) trips.27、填空题：________ (果醋) is made from fruit.28、填空题：I enjoy playing ________ (棋类) with my friends.29、听力题：A solution is a mixture where one substance ______ in another.30、What do we call the act of trying out new things?A. ExperimentingB. TestingC. SamplingD. All of the Above答案：D31、What is the term for a person who studies the oceans?A. OceanographerB. Marine BiologistC. GeologistD. Environmentalist答案:A32、What do you call a person who works with wood?A. CarpenterB. ElectricianC. PlumberD. Mason答案: A33、What is the capital of Italy?A. RomeB. VeniceC. FlorenceD. Milan答案: A. Rome34、What do we call the effect of the Earth's rotation on weather patterns?A. Coriolis EffectB. Trade WindsC. Jet StreamD. Ocean Currents35、听力题：The ________ (strategy) guides our actions.36、What is the main ingredient in salad?A. MeatB. VegetablesC. FruitsD. Grains答案：B37、What do we call a group of dolphins?A. SchoolB. PodC. FlockD. Colony答案:B. Pod38、听力题：A _______ is a large area of land that is covered with trees.39、听力题：In chemistry, we use ______ to represent elements.40、What is the color of milk?A. WhiteB. YellowC. BlueD. Green41、What is the main ingredient in a Caesar salad?A. LettuceB. SpinachC. KaleD. Arugula答案:A. Lettuce42、Which of these is a primary color?A. PurpleB. GreenC. BlueD. Orange答案:C43、What color is a ripe strawberry?A. BlueB. YellowC. RedD. Green答案:C44、What is the opposite of ‘easy’?A. SimpleB. DifficultC. HardD. Challenging45、听力题：The ______ helps us learn about social studies.46、选择题：What is 8 + 2?A. 10B. 11C. 12D. 1347、填空题：I enjoy making ______ (贺卡) for my friends on their birthdays. It’s a personal touch they appreciate.What do we call the time of year when it’s very cold?A. SpringB. SummerC. WinterD. Autumn49、听力题：The __________ is essential for protecting water sources.50、听力题：My ______ is an expert in technology.51、What is the name of the fairy tale character who had a magic mirror?A. CinderellaB. Snow WhiteC. RapunzelD. Belle52、听力题：The snowman has a ______ (carrot) nose.53、填空题：I love to have tea parties with my ________ (玩具名) and pretend we are all friends.54、填空题：The _____ (水果收成) happens in late summer.55、听力题：My brother likes to play _____ (basketball/football).56、听力题：She is good at ______. (dancing)57、填空题：A _____ (小马) can be very gentle around children.58、What is the capital city of El Salvador?A. San SalvadorB. Santa AnaC. San MiguelD. Sonsonate59、听力题：A __________ is a small furry animal that often lives in burrows.The Age of Exploration began in the _______ century.61、填空题：I want to help protect the _______ (环境). It’s important for future _______ (世代).62、听力题：A saturated solution contains the maximum amount of ______.63、听力题：The chemical formula for magnesium sulfate is ______.64、What do we call a young deer?A. FawnB. CalfC. KidD. Pony65、What is the main gas in the atmosphere?A. OxygenB. NitrogenC. Carbon DioxideD. Hydrogen答案：B66、填空题：The discovery of ________ led to significant advances in medicine.67、填空题：I enjoy doing puzzles and brain teasers to challenge my ________ (思维).68、填空题：The ______ (金鱼) swims in circles, looking for food.69、听力题：He plays _____ (football/basketball) on the team.70、填空题：A _____ (植物园) showcases different species.71、听力题：My uncle is very ________.72、填空题：I enjoy visiting the __________ with my family. (博物馆)My friend has a ___ (小宠物), which is a cute rabbit.74、What is the name of the famous scientist known for his work on gravity?A. Isaac NewtonB. Albert EinsteinC. Galileo GalileiD. Johannes Kepler答案: A75、填空题：A _____ is a piece of land that juts out into the sea.76、ts are ________ (药用) and help heal. 填空题：Some pla77、Which animal is known for its ability to change color?A. ChameleonB. ElephantC. GiraffeD. Zebra78、填空题：Understanding the role of plants in our environment is crucial for ______. (了解植物在环境中的作用对保护至关重要。

高三英语培优外刊阅读学案：新科技新时代话题

高三英语培优外刊阅读学案：新科技新时代话题

高三英语培优外刊阅读班级：____________学号：____________姓名：____________外刊精选｜忧心AI新规，硅谷高层纷纷访欧【背景介绍】最近，欧盟正起草新规，以约束和监管人工智能技术。

据该规定，许多人工智能相关技术都可能被禁用。

为此，美国硅谷巨头的明星高管们，近来频频造访欧盟，积极展开游说。

人工智能技术是否应该被严格规范？政府应当在其中扮演怎样的角色？Silicon Valley Heads to Europe, Nervous About New RulesBy Adam SatarianoMany Silicon Valley executives are paying court in the European Union’s capital: E.U. lawmakers are debating a new digital policy, including first-of-its-kind rules on the ways that artificial intelligence can be used by companies.That has far-reaching implications for many industries — but especially for tech behemoths like Google, Facebook and Apple that have bet big on artificial intelligence.Artificial intelligence is seen by technologists, business leaders and government officials as one of the world’s most transformative technologies.Yet it presents new risks to individual privacy and livelihoods —including the possibility that the tech will replace people in their jobs.A first draft of the artificial intelligence policy will be released on Wednesday, along with broader recommendations outlining the bloc’s digital strategy for the coming years.The artificial intelligence proposal is expected to outline riskier uses of the technology —such as in health care and transportation like self-driving cars — and how those will come under tougher government scrutiny.For years, American lawmakers and regulators largely left Silicon Valley companies alone, allowing the firms to grow unimpeded and with little scrutiny of problems such as the spread of disinformation on social networks.Policymakers in Europe and elsewhere stepped in with a more hands-on approach, setting boundaries on privacy, antitrust and harmful internet content.【词汇过关】请写出下面文单词在文章中的中文意思。

高二英语全球安全意识广阔视野单选题40题

高二英语全球安全意识广阔视野单选题40题

高二英语全球安全意识广阔视野单选题40题1. The ______ of global warming on food security is a major concern.A. impactB. effectC. influenceD. result答案：A。

本题考查名词辨析。

“impact”强调强烈的冲击和影响；“effect”侧重于结果、效果；“influence”多指潜移默化的影响；“result”是结果。

全球变暖对粮食安全的强烈影响，用“impact”更恰当。

2. We need to take ______ measures to protect the environment from further damage.A. effectiveB. efficientC. affectiveD. effectual答案：A。

“effective”表示能产生预期效果的；“efficient”侧重效率高；“affective”指情感方面的；“effectual”有效的，但不如“effective”常用。

保护环境采取能产生效果的措施，用“effective”。

3. The international community is making ______ efforts to address the issue of global terrorism.A. considerableB. considerateC. regardedD. regarding答案：A。

“considerable”大量的、相当多的；“considerate”体贴的；“regarded”被认为；“regarding”关于。

国际社会为解决全球恐怖主义问题付出大量努力，用“considerable”。

4. The ______ of natural disasters has increased in recent years due to climate change.A. frequencyB. frequentC. frequentlyD. infrequency答案：A。

外刊改编语法填空题Day+79-Day+80- 高三英语一轮复习

外刊改编语法填空题Day+79-Day+80- 高三英语一轮复习

原创外刊改编语法填空题打卡Day 79Financial firms must boost protections against AI scamsFrom: The Guardian The head of the UK’s financial regulator is to warn that banks, investors and insurers will have to ramp up their spending to combat scammers using artificial intelligence to commit fraud. Nikhil Rathi, the chief executive of the Financial Conduct Authority (FCA), will say that there are risks of “cyber fraud, cyber-attacks and identity fraud _____1_____ (increase) in scale, sophistication and _____2_____ (effe ctive)” as artificial intelligence (AI) becomes more widespread, in a speech in London on Wednesday.Rapid advances in the sophistication of generative AI by companies such as OpenAI and Midjourney have set companies scrambling to work out how to use the technology to improve productivity. Also, the technology _____3_____ (prompt) concerns over the ease _____4_____ which users can fake language, audio and video.The prime minister, Rishi Sunak, is hoping to make the UK _____5_____ centre for the regulation of AI. The FCA’s work on AI is part of a broader effort to work out _____6_____ to regulate the big tech sector as it increasingly offers financial products. Rathi will warn that AI technology would increase risks for financial firms in particular. Senior managers at those firms will be “ultimately accountable for the activities of the firm”, including decisions taken by AI, he is expected to say.There have already been instances of financial scams using AI. Rathi will cite a “deepfake” video of the prominent personal finances campaigner Martin Lewis ____7______ (supposed) selling speculative investments. Lewis said the video was _____8_____ (terrify) and called for regulators to force big technology companies to take action to stop similar scams.Rathi believes AI will have benefits for the financial sector in improving financial models, increasing productivity in customer support and enhancing fraud and money-launderingdetection. However, he will say that there are other potential risks for financial markets including higher volatility in price movements, driven by automated trading robots, or biased datasets _____9_____ could prove even more harmful if _____10_____ (rely) upon by AI.Financial firms must boost protections against AI scamsFrom: The Guardian The head of the UK’s financial regulator is to warn that banks, investors and insurers will have to ramp up their spending to combat scammers using artificial intelligence to commit fraud. Nikhil Rathi, the chief executive of the Financial Conduct Authority (FCA), will say that there are risks of “cyber fraud, cyber-attacks and identity fraud increaing (increase) in scale, sophistication and effectiveness (effective)” as artificial intelligence (AI) becomes more widespread, in a speech in London on Wednesday.Rapid advances in the sophistication of generative AI by companies such as OpenAI and Midjourney have set companies scrambling to work out how to use the technology to improve productivity. Also, the technology has prompted (prompt) concerns over the ease with which users can fake language, audio and video.The prime minister, Rishi Sunak, is hoping to make the UK a centre for the regulation of AI. The FCA’s work on AI is part of a broader effort to work out how to regulate the big tech sector as it increasingly offers financial products. Rathi will warn that AI technology would increase risks for financial firms in particular. Senior managers at those firms will be “ultimately accountable for the activities of the firm”, including decisions take n by AI, he is expected to say.There have already been instances of financial scams using AI. Rathi will cite a “deepfake” video of the prominent personal finances campaigner Martin Lewis supposedly (supposed) selling speculative investments. Lewis said the video was teriffying (terrify) and called for regulators to force big technology companies to take action to stop similar scams.Rathi believes AI will have benefits for the financial sector in improving financial models, increasing productivity in customer support and enhancing fraud and money-launderingdetection. However, he will say that there are other potential risks for financial markets including higher volatility in price movements, driven by automated trading robots, or biased datasets which/that could prove even more harmful if relied (rely) upon by AI.金融企业必须推广对于AI诈骗的保护英国金融监管机构负责人警告称，银行、投资者和保险机构将不得不提高支出，打击利用人工智能实施诈骗的骗子。

高三英语科学前沿动态练习题30题

高三英语科学前沿动态练习题30题

高三英语科学前沿动态练习题30题1.The new technology has brought great changes. It is widely used in many fields.A.revolutionaryB.traditionalC.ancientD.outdated答案：A。

本题主要考查形容词辨析。

“revolutionary”表示“革命性的”，符合新科技带来巨大变化且广泛应用于多个领域的语境。

“traditional”传统的；“ancient”古老的；“outdated”过时的，均不符合题意。

2.The latest invention has made our life more convenient. It is a great.A.achievementB.failureC.disasterD.loss答案：A。

“achievement”表示“成就”，最新发明让生活更便利，是一项伟大成就。

“failure”失败；“disaster”灾难；“loss”损失，都不符合语境。

3.This high-tech product is designed by a famous company. It has many advanced.A.featuresB.shortcomingsC.defectsD.mistakes答案：A。

“features”表示“特征、特色”，高科技产品有很多先进的特征。

“shortcomings”缺点；“defects”缺陷；“mistakes”错误，不合题意。

4.The new scientific discovery has opened up new possibilities. It is very.A.meaninglessB.valuableelessD.harmful答案：B。

“valuable”表示“有价值的”，新的科学发现开辟了新的可能性，非常有价值。

2025版高考英语一轮复习Unit4Cyberspace能力提升题组训练B含解析北师大版

2025版高考英语一轮复习Unit4Cyberspace能力提升题组训练B含解析北师大版

Unit 4 Cyberspace实力提升题组训练(B)Ⅰ.阅读理解A(2024江西九校联合测试) More than 4 in 10 cancers—600,000 in the UK alone—could be prevented if people led healthier lives,say experts.The population of the UK is about 63,000,000.Latest figures from Cancer Research UK show smoking is the biggest avoidable risk factor (因素),followed by unhealthy diets.The charity advises people to live healthily,limit alcohol intake and do regular exercise.According to the figures from 2007 to 2011,more than 300,000 cases of cancer recorded were linked to smoking.A further 145,000 were linked to unhealthy diets containing too much processed food.Obesity contributed to 88,000 cases and alcohol to 62,200.Sun damage to the skin and physical inactivity were also contributing factors.Professor Max Parkin,a Cancer Research UK statistician,says,“There’s now little doubt that certain lifestyle choices can have a big influence on cancer risk,with research around the world all pointing to the same key risk factors.“Of course,everyone wants to enjoy some extra treats during the Christmas holidays so we don’t want to ban beef pies and wine but it’s a good time to think about taking up some healthy habits.“Leading a healthy lifestyle can’t guarantee someone won’t get cancer but we can stack the odds in our favour by taking positive steps.”Public Health England says a healthy lifestyle can play an important role in reducing cancer risk.It says campaigns such as Smokefree,Dry January and Change 4 Life-Sugar Swaps all aim to raise public awareness.It’s important that we not only continue to make progress in noticing cancer earlier and improving treatments,but helping people understand how they can reduce their risk of developing cancer in the first place remains important in dealing with cancer.1.Which of the following is the third biggest avoidable cancer factor?A.Obesity.B.Alcohol intake.C.Unhealthy diets.D.Physical inactivity.2.By saying the underlined words in Paragraph 6,Professor Max Parkin means we can .A.help othersB.improve our livesC.discover cancer earlyD.decrease our cancer risk3.What’s the main idea of the text?A.Most cancers are caused by smoking.B.Cancer is greatly linked to our lifestyle.C.There are different factors that lead to cancer.D.Public awareness should be raised to prevent cancer.语篇解读:本文是一篇说明文。

日本高考试卷英语

日本高考试卷英语

Section 1: Reading Comprehension (30 points)Passage 1:The rapid advancement of technology has transformed various aspects of our lives. One such transformation is the way we communicate. In the past, people relied heavily on face-to-face interactions, postal services, and landline telephones. However, with the advent of the internet and smartphones, communication has become more accessible and convenient than ever before.Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow.Passage:The digital age has brought about numerous benefits. For instance,social media platforms have made it easier for people to stay connected with friends and family, regardless of their geographical location. Additionally, online shopping has revolutionized the retail industry, allowing consumers to purchase products from the comfort of their homes. However, this convenience comes with its own set of challenges. One major concern is the potential for cyberbullying and online harassment. These issues have prompted many governments and organizations to implement stricter regulations to ensure the safety and well-being of internet users.Questions:1. What is the main idea of the passage?a) The advantages of technology in communicationb) The challenges of online communicationc) The evolution of communication over timed) The impact of social media on the retail industry2. According to the passage, what is one of the benefits of the digital age?a) Improved postal servicesb) Increased face-to-face interactionsc) Enhanced social connectionsd) More landline telephones3. What is a major concern regarding online communication mentioned in the passage?a) The lack of privacyb) The potential for cyberbullyingc) The high cost of internet accessd) The decrease in face-to-face interactionsPassage 2:In recent years, there has been a growing awareness of the importance of mental health. This awareness has led to various initiatives aimed at promoting mental well-being among individuals and communities. One such initiative is the implementation of mental health programs in schools.Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow.Passage:Mental health programs in schools play a crucial role in identifying and addressing mental health issues among students. These programs often include workshops, counseling sessions, and educational resources that help students develop coping strategies and build resilience. Moreover, by creating a supportive and inclusive environment, schools can help reduce the stigma associated with mental health disorders. This, in turn, encourages students to seek help when needed.Questions:4. What is the main purpose of mental health programs in schools according to the passage?a) To improve academic performanceb) To identify and address mental health issuesc) To increase student participation in extracurricular activitiesd) To promote physical health5. What is one of the benefits of mental health programs mentioned in the passage?a) Improved academic performanceb) Reduced stigmac) Increased enrollment in extracurricular activitiesd) Enhanced physical health6. According to the passage, how can schools help reduce the stigma associated with mental health disorders?a) By providing more funding for mental health servicesb) By creating a supportive and inclusive environmentc) By hiring more mental health professionalsd) By offering fewer workshops and counseling sessionsSection 2: Vocabulary (20 points)Choose the correct word from the list to complete the sentence. Write the letter of the correct answer in the space provided.1. The politician's policies have been widely __________ (A) criticized.2. The detective carefully examined the __________ (B) evidence to solve the crime.3. The team's __________ (C) performance in the tournament was impressive.4. The book's __________ (D) content was both informative and engaging.Section 3: Grammar (20 points)Choose the correct answer to complete each sentence. Write the letter of the correct answer in the space provided.1. If I __________ (A) had known about the event, I would have attended.2. The committee __________ (B) decided to delay the meeting until next week.3. She __________ (C) has finished her homework, so she can go to the party.4. By __________ (D) the end of the year, we will have completed all our projects.Section 4: Writing (30 points)Write an essay of at least 250 words on the following topic:Describe a significant experience you have had with technology. How did this experience impact you?Instructions:- Use a variety of sentence structures and vocabulary.- Organize your essay logically and coherently.- Ensure that your essay is well-written and error-free.。

原子层厚度超表面光场调控原理及应用

原子层厚度超表面光场调控原理及应用
近年来，基于超表面的研究成果一直层出不 穷。2011 年，哈佛大学 Capasso 团队利用 V 型金 纳米结构序列首次实现了超表面设计后[8]，超表 面在实现光场调控方面的技术飞速发展。在偏振调 控 ， [9-12] 全息成像 ， [13-18] 超透镜[19-22] 和表面波耦合 器[23-25] 等方面有着广泛的应用。当前超表面对波 前相位调控的机制可以归纳为如下几类，例如 Pancharatnam-Berry（PB）相位[26-28]、共振相位[16, 29]、 传 输 相 位 [30-31] 及 迂 回 相 位 [32-34] 调 制 方 式 。 Pancharatnam[35] 和 Berry[36] 相继发现了几何相位的关 系，当圆偏振光入射到结构上时，会产生与入射光 旋向相反的交叉圆偏振光，而通过适当的结构设 计可以达到旋转光轴的效果，光轴与坐标轴的夹 角会发生改变，从而交叉圆偏振光的相位就得到 了调控。在此之后，Lin 等利用 PB 相位原理设计 了 Si 纳米天线的光栅式超表面，演示了透镜的聚 焦[37]。PB 相位超表面器件的效率依赖于圆偏振 光的交叉转换效率，通常与纳米结构支持的局域 模式相关，此类超表面器件的厚度通常在数十纳 米至百纳米量级[38]。此外，还可以利用共振结构 相位调控特性对光场的波前进行调控进而控制光 束在界面处的折射、反射和衍射等特性。其中一 种显著特性就是能够对光波幅进行调控，体现在
原子层厚度超表面光场调控原理及应用 李昊 胡德骄 秦飞 李向平 Principle and application of metasurface optical field modulation of atomic layer thickness LI Hao, HU De-jiao, QIN Fei, LI Xiang-ping
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Fig. 1 Experimental verification of high-efficiency and broad band PSHE based on two microwave metasurfaces.
Then, we present a high-efficiency SPP meta-coupler based on transparent metasurfaces [5]. SPPs have recently found numerous applications in photonics, but traditional devices to excite them (such as grating and prism couplers) all suffer inherent low-efficiency issues, since the generated SPPs can
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Recent advances on metasurfaces
Lei Zhou*†, Shulin Sun§, Qiong He*, Ziqi Miao* ,Weijie Luo*, and Wujiong Sun*
* State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
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POEM 2015 © OSA 2015
decouple back to free space and the reflection at the device surface can never be avoided. Here, based on a transparent gradient metasurface, we propose a new SPP-excitation scheme and numerically demonstrate that it exhibits inherently high efficiency ( 94%, Fig. 2), since the designed meta-coupler kills both the decoupling and the reflection at its surface. As a proof of concept, we fabricate a meta-coupler in the microwave regime, and combine near- and far-field experiments to demonstrate that the achieved SPP-excitation efficiency reaches other available devices (see Fig. 3).
†Email: phzhou@
Abstract: We briefly summarize our recent efforts in employing metasurfaces to control electromagnetic waves, including realizing high-efficiency photonic spin-hall effect and surface-plasmon couplers, and controlling phases with graphene-based metasurfaces.
§Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Ultra-Precision Optical Manufacturing, Green Photonics and Department of
Optical Science and Engineering, Fudan UniversiOCIS codes: 160.3918 Metamaterials; 240.6680 Surface plasmons; 060.5060 Phase modulation; 260.5430 Polarization
Metamaterials are artificially engineered materials whose optical properties arise primarily from their micro-structure ("meta-atom") and their macroscopic order. Metasurface, as a new emerging field of metamaterials, has aroused considerable interest due to their capability of arbitrary manipulation of the phase and amplitude profile at the interface[1-3]. In this talk, we briefly summarize our latest experimental results on employing metasurfaces to control electromagnetic (EM) waves. Specifically, we will show how to realize a photonic spin-hall effect (PSHE) with nearly 100% efficiency [4], how to achieve a surface-plasmon coupler that can excite surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) very efficiently [5], and how to actively control the phases of EM waves with graphene-based metasurfaces [6]. We first demonstrate that a giant PSHE with ~100% efficiency can be realized at certain metasurfaces with deep-subwavelength thicknesses. Based on rigorous Jones Matrix analysis, a unique designing criterion is established, which completely suppresses the spin-independent scatterings on the metasurfaces leading to PSHE with 100% efficiency. The criterion is approachable from two distinct routes at general frequencies. As a demonstration, two microwave meta-surfaces are fabricated and then experimentally characterized, both showing ~90% efficiencies for the PSHE [4].
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POEM 2015 © OSA 2015
Fig. 4. (a) Device geometry, (b) sample picture, (c) transport characteristics of the gate-controlled graphene, and (d) the THz-TDS experimental setup.
Finally, we report our recent efforts on utilizing terahertz (THz) metasurfaces to dynamically control the phase and amplitude of EM wave. As the basis of a diverse set of photonic applications, such as hologram imaging, polarization and wavefront manipulation, the local phase control of electromagnetic waves is fundamental in photonic research. However, currently available bulky, passive, range-limited phase modulators pose an obstacle in photonic applications. Here, we present widely tunable phase modulation in the THz regime, realized using gate-tuned ultrathin reflective graphene metasurfaces. A one-port resonator model, supported by full-wave simulations, reveals the underlying mechanism of the proposed extreme phase modulation, and indicates general strategies for designing tunable photonic devices. As an example, we demonstrate a gate-tunable THz polarization modulator with a graphene metasurface. Our findings establish the possibility for photonic applications based on active phase manipulations.
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