Oil crop science-定稿

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科技英语textA翻译

科技英语textA翻译

Unit 1 石油1油,和煤一样,存在于沉积岩中,而且可能由死去很长时间的生物有机体形成。

含有石油的岩石几乎都来源于海洋,所以形成石油的有机物一定是海洋生物,而不是树木。

2 石油,并不是来自于逐渐积聚的木质物质,而可能是来自于逐渐积聚的海洋生物的脂肪物质。

比如浮游生物:大量浮游在海水表层的单细胞生物。

3 有机物的脂肪物质主要由碳氢原子组成,因此并不需要太多的化学变化就可以形成石油。

生物有机体只需在缺氧的条件下沉积到海湾浅水处的淤泥里。

其脂肪不是分解腐烂,而是逐渐积聚,并在深层的淤泥里圈闭起来,进而经过细微的原子重组,最终形成石油。

4 油比水轻,呈液态,会经由上方覆盖的孔隙性岩石向上渗透,在地球上有些地区到达表层,古人将这些表层石油称为沥青、柏油或异庚烷。

在古代和中世纪,这些石油油苗常被看作药品而不是燃料。

5 当然,表层的油苗数量很少。

而石油油藏上方有时覆盖的是非孔隙性岩石。

石油向上渗透抵达该岩石,然后在岩石下方逐渐积聚形成油层。

若在上方的岩石上钻个孔,石油就可以通过该孔向上迁移。

有时压力过大,石油会向高空喷出。

1859年在宾夕法尼亚州,由埃德温·德雷克成功打出第一口井。

6 如果可以发现一个合适的地点(勘探人员已经识别出地下可能圈闭有石油的地层结构),那么就很容易抽取这一液体燃料,这要比派人到地下把大块的固体煤炭砍成小块要容易得多。

而且一旦获得石油,可以通过地上管道运输,而不必像煤一样,由运货车经过繁重的装卸任务来运输。

7 石油便于抽取,易于运输,促进了石油的应用。

石油可以蒸馏成不同的馏分,每种馏分均由特定大小的分子组成,分子越小,该馏分就越容易蒸发。

8 到19世纪下半叶,最重要的石油馏分是由中等大小的分子构成的煤油,它不易蒸发,被用于照明。

9 然而,到19世纪末人们研制出了内燃机。

内燃机是通过在汽缸里将空气与可燃气体混合,产生爆炸来提供动力的。

最便利的可燃气体是汽油——石油的又一馏分,由小分子构成,容易蒸发。

生物机械法处理玉米秸秆制备纸浆、葡萄糖和木糖

生物机械法处理玉米秸秆制备纸浆、葡萄糖和木糖

摘要:开发了基于机械生物处理法的玉米秸秆利用技术,该技术将玉米秸秆加工为机械浆、葡萄糖和木糖。

首先对风干的玉米秸秆进行单螺旋搓丝和筛分,实现皮瓤分离,所得皮、瓤的质量比为1∶8;所得的玉米秸秆皮进行机械磨浆和0.18 m m缝筛精制,所得纸浆相对玉米秸秆的得率为75%。

硫酸盐针叶木浆和玉米秸秆机械浆进行配抄,针叶浆加入量为20%时,纸浆撕裂指数为6.0 m N .m 2/g、抗张指数为22.7 N .m/g。

所得的玉米秸秆瓤加入纤维素酶和木聚糖酶进行酶解糖化,50 ℃、48 h的葡萄糖产量为37.5 kg/t玉米秸秆瓤,木糖产量为16.28 kg/t玉米秸秆瓤。

关键词:玉米秸秆;皮瓤分离;机械浆;酶解;葡萄糖;木糖Abstract: In this study, a technology for utilization of corn straw based on mechanical biological treatment was developed, which processed corn straw into mechanical pulp, glucose and xylose. The air-dried corn straw was first separated by single spiral rolling and sieving to achieve a skin-to-flesh ratio of 1:8. The corn straw skin was mechanically milled and refined by 0.18 mm slit sieve, resultingin a pulp yield of 75% relative to corn straw. The pulp tear indexwas 6.0 mN·m 2/g and tensile index was 22.7 N·m/g when the pulp was copied with sulfate coniferous pulp and corn straw mechanical, which the sulfate coniferous pulp accounted for 20%. The corn straw flesh was enzymatically saccharified by adding cellulase and xylanase, and the glucose yield was 37.5 kg/t corn straw flesh and the xylose yield was 16.28 kg/ton corn straw flesh at 50°C and 48 h.Key words: corn straw; skin-flesh separation; mechanical pulp; enzymatic hydrolysis ; glucose生物机械法处理玉米秸秆制备纸浆、葡萄糖和木糖⊙ 蒋晓静1许振利2孙建功2高帅1梁俊1李朱霖1倪书振1傅英娟1王兆江1*[1.齐鲁工业大学(山东省科学院),轻工学部、生物基材料与绿色造纸国家重点实验室,济南 250013;2.山东天和纸业有限公司,山东宁阳 271400]Biomechanical Treatment of Corn Straw for the Preparation of Pulp, Glucose and Xylose⊙ Jiang xiaojing 1, Xu Zhenli 2, Sun Jiangong 2, Gao Shuai 1, Liang Jun 1, Li Zhulin 1, Ni Shuzhen 1, Fu Yingjuan 1, Wang Zhaojiang 1* (1.State Key Laboratory of Bio-based Materials and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, Shandong 250013, China; 2.Shandong Tianhe Paper Co., Ltd., Ningyang, Shandong 271400, China)□ 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目(22208175); 济南市基金项目(202228076)。

澳洲paper写作--Oilpaintingtechniques

澳洲paper写作--Oilpaintingtechniques

澳洲paper写作--Oil painting techniquesIn a lot of outstanding oil painting, we can often through painting subtleties, find some real things in life, but in the oil painting has some differences with real thing again, this is also a perfect combination of excellent oil painting works of art and nature. This paper is mainly based on the concept of "small determination success or failure", and discusses the creative techniques of each link in the process of oil painting creation.Art originates from life, the same is true of oil painting, the subtleties of life will bring infinite source of oil painting creation, in the oil painting creation, need to fully understand the subtleties of life, be familiar with, and found that, in turn, from the social or natural life oil painting creation good material, we often call this the oil painting creation initially - field trips. Oil painting creators should pay attention to the subtle observation of life, discover the existence of different life, arouse people's resonance and inspire the creator to create passionate subject matter. Oil painting creation process is actually a process of emotional touched, painting creators first moved by fine point in life, and then moved by his paintings, finally the painting people moved by painting. In real life, many excellent works of oil painting are based on the artist's touch on the subtlety of life. French realism in the 19th century painter courbet, for example, his oil painting masterpiece "dozen masonry" creation inspiration, he every day for a walk after a dozen stone field, he was playing in the stone moved by mason's hard work, with its inner emotions of laborers, and microscopic observation kumite masonry labor scene, finally successfully created the masonry of the play this on behalf of the painting.In the process of oil painting creation, design activity is, in fact, creators thinking and imagine the combination of the psychological activity, in this process, the author need to all kinds of subject matter of his own life to shear, refining, sublimation, so that the original material as a kind of brand-new inner visual imagery, and then use specific artistic thinking and form, its inner aesthetic imagery processing become want to express. In the process of painting conception should also emphasize the subtleties of the theme, this can make the whole painting idea becomes more vivid, ensure future paintings have high aesthetic value. For instance French famous painter in cadastral ke in his masterpiece the raft of murdo Mr During conception, to ask a lot of the shipwreck survivors, and pleaded with them have made a raft, in addition, he also watch a lot of dying in hospital, it was against this subtle observation conception, finally to obtain oil painting the raft of murdo Mr Success. Using the sketch design presents the aesthetic shape in the oil painting creation, tour of the foregoing and the premise of conception can be regarded as creation, and creation is clearing up and the conception of further deepening, the sketch design is the oil painting creation initial steps. When painting creators mind has formed acomplete aesthetic images, you can use the sketch design to express the image accurately, so that the image becomes more intuitive, then carries on the effective supplement and perfect. Usually the aesthetic imagery oil painting creators mind is not stable, it is often a short, vague impression, painting creators should be carried out on the small part of the aesthetic image effectively control, perhaps in the subtle moment in a particular situation, and carries on the appropriate complement, will show an unexpected aesthetic shape.The so-called oil painting is the whole process of oil painting creation, which includes the creation of spiritual oil painting and material oil painting. In this process, the creator should give full play to their own feelings, it fully fusion in the oil painting, and to fully describe the subtleties of oil painting, the painting in the local beauty fully amplification, which provides the viewer with a perfect "gazing at" point. For example, in the "star" this oil painting, while the key is a hero, but the iron in the oil painting texture, completely empty background was effectively reflect on subtleties. Again, for example, China's famous depicting the Mongolian herders and their life as the main theme of painter Long Liyou, in his works, not to draw attention to themselves and to mobilize people the main weapon of the mind, or depiction of various details in the oil painting. As a result, we have to admit that wonderful details are easier to create the visual center of the screen, people heart, fascinating, can profoundly reveals the essence of painting, but the authors should clearly understand a bit, that's fine point must be subject to a global, absolutely cannot be free from the global.In a word, is of vital importance to the technique in the oil painting creation, such as French artist wacker in his book painting materials and techniques, fully understand the characteristics of art materials only artists, to use it well, only the material holds art is different from the material of precious information created by other people. He also believes that the misuse of skills, without the substance of the spirit of the work of art, makes it useless to build hope only on techniques. It should be said that in the artistic creation, the content of the work, the characters of mental creation is very important, but the lack of good techniques and materials, it is difficult to make art spread widely and persistently, the process of artistic creation is the process of mutual combination of spirit and material.。

20世纪70年代美国种业概述及后期腾飞的经验与启示

20世纪70年代美国种业概述及后期腾飞的经验与启示

20世纪70年代美国种业概述及后期腾飞的经验与启示胡资骏1,2 白 浪2 黄兵涛2(1重庆大学经济与工商管理学院,重庆400044;2中国人民银行巴南中心支行,重庆401320)摘要:种业安全关乎粮食安全,要把饭碗端在自己手上首先要解决种子的问题。

分析了20世纪70年代美国种业腾飞的经验:一是积极创建与农业技术发展和市场需求变动相适应的知识产权保障法律体系;二是眼光向外,积极运用多边体制为美国育种权和国际市场拓展提供国际保护;三是私营企业和公共机构互补性、双轮驱动式的种子研发模式,极大促进了美国种业创新,提升了市场竞争力;四是建立健全较为完善的种子质量保证体系。

对我国种业发展提出建议:一是严格执法,加大种子知识产权保护力度;二是改革研发模式,提高企业育种研发活力;三是积极参与多边体制,为国内育种企业开拓国际市场提供保护。

关键词:美国种业;种子企业;知识产权;经验借鉴种业安全是关乎国家命运的大事。

习近平总书记在不同场合多次提及种业安全问题,强调要下决心把民族种业搞上去。

目前我国种子企业数量众多,但存在全球性的龙头企业少、科技创新能力不足、种子质量不佳等问题,而美国在种业发展初期也面临类似的问题。

通过政府对种业的大力支持,从20世纪70年代开始,美国种业开始腾飞,并一跃成为世界一流种业强国,其种业市场占世界种业市场1/4的份额。

分析20世纪70年代美国种业腾飞的措施与经验,对我国种业发展会带来一些启示意义。

1 20世纪70年代美国种业概述1970年以前美国种子企业数量众多,但规模普遍偏小,行业集中度不高。

种子企业约2000家,主要以家庭型公司为主,经营规模小,总体实力弱,种子公司并购率只有1.98%,缺乏大型龙头企业。

当时,美国在育种方面的科研投入(含私营企业和公共机构)总体水平也较低,其中私营企业育种研发意愿极低,更多从事种子的培育、包装、储存、销售等简单工作,种子企业科技创新能力不足。

在1970 年美国《植物品种保护法》颁布之前,政府对育种知识产权保护政策不明朗,全社会都不愿、不想、不敢对2015,37(4):433-442[37] Smallwood C J,Gillman J D,Saxton A M,Bhandari H S,Wadl P A,Fallen B D,Hyten D L,Song Q J,Pantalone V R.Identifying and exploring significant genomic regions associated with soybean yield,seed fatty acids,protein and oil.Journal of Crop Science & Biotechnology,2017,20(4):243-253[38]滕康开,曹永策,李曙光,孔杰杰,邢静,赵团结.夏大豆重组自交系群体籽粒蛋白质含量QTL定位.分子植物育种,2018,16(18):5987-5993[39] Zhang T F,Wu T T,Wang L W,Jiang B J,Zhen C X,Yuan S,Hou W S,Wu C X,Han T F,Sun S.A combined linkage and GWAS analysis identifies QTLs linked to soybean seed protein and oil content.International Journal of Molecular Sciences,2019,20(23):5915[40] Prenger E M,Yates J,Mian M A R,Buckley B,Boerma H R,Li Z.Introgression of a high protein allele into an elite soybean cultivar results in a high-protein near-isogenic line with yield parity.Crop Science,2019,59(6):11[41]任丙新,韩粉霞,杨华.利用高代回交导入群体定位大豆品质性状QTL.植物遗传资源学报,2020,21(5):1255-1262 [42]田雨,王艳殊,张佳楠,许世超,董全中,李文滨,李文霞,宁海龙.大豆关联重组自交系群体蛋白质、油分含量的QTL分析.华北农学报,2020,35(4):106-112[43]武阳春,郭兵福,谷勇哲,栾晓燕,邱红梅,刘鑫磊,李海燕,邱丽娟.大豆蛋白含量新位点qPRO-19-1的定位.植物遗传资源学报,2021,22(1):139-148(收稿日期:2022-04-04)种业进行研发。

21世纪的单细胞油脂要点

21世纪的单细胞油脂要点

第一章21世纪的单细胞油脂前言单细胞油脂是一类来自于微生物的可食用油脂,这些微生物主要是酵母、真菌和海藻。

细菌也是单细胞的微生物,它一般不产生可食用油脂,但是它能产出一些其它的可以储藏的物质,例如,β-羟基丁酸聚合物。

然而,利用细菌生产的可食用油脂需要达到充足的量才具有商业价值,这些内容将会在这本书的其它章节介绍,利用这些细菌生产的油脂主要用来作为生物燃料,而不是为了食用。

由真核微生物生产的可食用油脂的种类和结构与动、植物油脂很类似。

这章的主要目的是对单细胞油脂进行概述,并介绍目前在生产和使用方面的研究热点和方向,这些研究的发展主要得益于可产油脂微生物的漫长的开发历史。

如果没有这些早期的努力,那么这些市场上的可食用单细胞油脂就不会有所发展,对这些微生物油脂的理解也会推迟几十年。

使得微生物油脂从二、三十年前的学术性研究转变为成年人和婴儿的重要营养食品的关键就是大量长链多不饱和脂肪酸的的发现以及人们意识到植物和动物中没有适合的、安全的来源。

原本认为的不同寻常的微生物证明是格外重要的,因为它们是这些油脂最现实的来源。

在短短的几年利用转基因植物来生产这些必须的多不饱和脂肪酸或者用转基因油脂来代替单细胞油脂还不能实体化。

这些多不饱和脂肪酸的来源看起来很遥远,又有点希望,在接下来的几十年,微生物油脂可能仍然被继续期待为经济发展重要的一部分。

早期对微生物油脂的研究已经超过130年了,自20世纪初以来,人们就把它们当作消费中一种非传统的油脂来源进行开发,德国柏林大学的保罗首先利用一种叫孢霉的酵母来发展一种小型的制油工艺,在20世纪最初的四十年,随着各国对合成工艺和影响产量的因素的研究,作为油脂来源的各种微生物的发展也逐步扩大,伍德对这些早期在微生物油脂的生产中所做的努力进行了合理的、深度的总结,这些总结仍然是从研究初期到20世纪中期最实用的,覆盖了全世界有关生产微生物油脂的内容。

酵母菌和真菌生产的油脂和从植物种子中得到的没什么区别。

纤维素酶

纤维素酶

纤 维 素 酶
纤维二糖酶
CX1酶:内切型酶,它从水合 非结晶纤维素分子内部作用于 β-(1,4)糖苷键,生成纤维 糊精与纤维二糖。
CX酶
CX2酶:外切酶,它从水合性纤维素 分子的非还原端作用于β-(1,4)糖背 键,逐步切断β-(1,4)糖节键生成葡萄 糖。纤维二糖酶则作用于纤维二糖, 生成葡萄糖 (何明清,1994)。
纤维素酶的作用机制
根据酶的作用方式纤维素酶分为:
C1酶
Shoemaker、Goeran 和Jinshce 等人相继发现,内切葡萄糖酶、 纤维二糖水解酶及β-葡萄糖苷酶均 存在2~4 个同功酶,对于这些同 功酶的功能,目前尚未见有明确 的阐述,因此酶解机理还有待进 一步研究和探讨。 目前,已发现70种纤维素酶。
纤维素的糖化的主要方法



酸水解法:酸水解法中,稀酸水解所得糖化率低, 高浓度强酸可有效水解纤维素,但其腐蚀性对人 体有害,且所需工艺条件苛刻。 酶水解法:用纤维素酶水解纤维素,在常温、常 压条件下就可以. 因此,用纤维素酶降解纤维素 是目前纤维素利用研究中的热点。 稀酸预处理-酶解法:美国可再生能源实验室开发 的发酵工艺
Breakage of the noncovalent in the cellulose
纤维素的水解过程
Hydrolysis of the individual cellulose it into smaller sugars
Fig.3 Mechanism of cellulolysis
Hydrolysis of disaccharides and tetrasaccharides into glucose
纤维素酶的性状
白色,溶于水,高温失活:最适温度在45~65 ℃之间,

葡萄霜霉菌株的收集及侵染12个葡萄品种后症状差异分析

葡萄霜霉菌株的收集及侵染12个葡萄品种后症状差异分析

櫄櫄櫄櫄櫄櫄櫄櫄櫄櫄櫄櫄櫄櫄櫄櫄櫄櫄櫄櫄櫄櫄櫄櫄櫄櫄櫄櫄櫄櫄櫄櫄櫄櫄櫄櫄櫄櫄櫄櫄櫄櫄櫄櫄櫄櫄[17]HemingwayJ.Themolecularbasisoftwocontrastingmetabolicmechanismsofinsecticideresistance[J].InsectBiochemistryandMolecularBiology,2000,30(11):1009-1015.[18]魏也茗.3种杀虫剂对细足捷蚁的室内毒力测定[J].农业科技与信息,2021(19):61-62,65.[19]韩丽娟.研究农药复配剂的意义及其要求[J].江苏农业科学,1989,17(7):25-26.[20]孙守慧,高道雄,闫秀英,等.2种杀虫剂对美国白蛾的联合毒力作用研究[J].沈阳农业大学学报,2022,53(6):717-722.[21]张 睿,何 超,李 河,等.吡虫啉对异迟眼蕈蚊抗性筛选及其对解毒酶活性的影响[J].河南农业科学,2021,50(7):110-116. [22]全林发,仇贵生,孙丽娜,等.高效氯氰菊酯亚致死浓度对桃小食心虫生物学特性的影响[J].昆虫学报,2017,60(7):799-808.[23]BooKS,ParkKC.InsectsemiochemicalresearchinKorea:overviewandprospects[J].AppliedEntomologyandZoology,2005,40(1):13-29.[24]GaoY,ShiSS,XuML,etal.CurrentresearchonsoybeanpestmanagementinChina[J].OilCropScience,2018,3(4):215-227. [25]高 宇,朱诗禹,田 径,等.大豆主要害虫防控技术研究进展[J].大豆科技,2022(3):18-25.[26]闫 祺,杨婷婷,董双林.蛾类昆虫混合型性信息素研究进展[J].应用昆虫学报,2023,60(2):323-334.巩培杰,康 军,包若煊,等.葡萄霜霉菌株的收集及侵染12个葡萄品种后症状差异分析[J].江苏农业科学,2024,52(4):149-156.doi:10.15889/j.issn.1002-1302.2024.04.022葡萄霜霉菌株的收集及侵染12个葡萄品种后症状差异分析巩培杰1,2,康 军2,包若煊2,王 晨2,房经贵2(1.江苏省农业科学院植物保护研究所/江苏省食品质量安全重点实验室-省部共建国家重点实验室培育基地,江苏南京210014;2.南京农业大学园艺学院,江苏南京210095) 摘要:葡萄霜霉病的广泛传播会对我国葡萄的产量及质量造成极大的危害。

OIL CROP SCIENCE 征稿启事

OIL CROP SCIENCE 征稿启事

618中国油料作物学报2016,38(5)[25]李金才,董琦,余松烈.不同生育期根际土壤淹水对小麦品种光合作用和产量的影响[J].作物学报,2001,27(4) :434 -441.[26]田一丹,韩亮亮,周琴,等.大豆对渍水的生理响应I:光合特性和糖代谢[J ].中国油料作物学报,2012,34(3) :262 -267.[27]李玲,张春雷,张树杰,等.渍水对冬油菜苗期生长及生理的影响[J].中国油料作物学报,2011,33 (3):247 -252.[28]曹娜,于海秋,王绍斌,等.高产玉米群体的冠层结构及光合特性分析[J].玉米科学,2006,14:94 -97. [29] Krause G H, Weis E. Chlorophyll fluorescence as a toolin plant physiology II. Interpretation of fluorescence sig-nals[J]. Photosynthesis Research, 1984,5 ( 2 ): 139 -157.(责任编辑:王丽芳)OIL CROP SCIENCE 征稿启事0/L SCiHVCE是中国农业科学院油料作物研究所新创办的,全国唯一的一种有关油料作物专业英文学术期刊。

采用国际通用的交流语言,实现扩大我国油料作物研究成果的国际化交流,促进我国油料作物学科发展,以及提升我国油料作物科研及学术期刊的国际影响力和显TF度是我们的办刊宗'旨。

主要刊登油米、大_3•、花生、芝麻、向日婆、胡麻及其它特种油料作物有关生物技术、品种资源、遗传育种、栽培生理、土肥植保、植物营养、功能性脂质化学、综合加工利用以及品质测试技术等方面的首创性研究论文和综述专论等。

本刊还发表研究简报、讨论文章以及相关的学术动态等;提倡撰写简短的讨论文章,以活跃期刊学术气氛。

0/L SC7HVCE为季刊(ISSN2096 -2428,CN42 - 1861/S),现向国内外油料作物科研人员征集原创性英文稿件,投稿邮箱ocs@。

crop science

crop science

1、对转基因的看法转基因是利用现代分子生物技术,将某些生物的基因转移到其他物种中去,改造生物的遗传物质,使其在形状、营养品质、消费品质等方面向人们所需要的目标转变。

当今世界对于转基因技术的应用持有不同的看法,那些认为这是一种危险现象的人坚决反对转基因技术的应用。

我认为,转基因技术的出现是科学进步的标志,没有任何人能准确说出作物在转基因后是否有害,转基因技术能商业化也是科学家们经过多次实验的结果,因此我们应理性对待转基因。

转基因技术给我们带来的利,是很明显的.首先,转基因技术可以提高单位面积作物产量,不言而喻,产量是育种的重要目标,而且可以缓解世界粮食短缺矛盾。

第二,通过转基因技术可培育高产、优质、抗病毒、抗虫、抗寒、抗旱、抗涝、抗盐碱、抗除草剂等特性的作物新品种,以减少对农药化肥和水的依赖.第三,转基因可能提供廉价的和有营养的食物,比如胡萝卜有更多的抗氧化剂此外,转基因食品可以摆脱季节、气候的影响,让人们一年四季都可吃到新鲜的瓜菜。

总的来说,转基因技术是科学的进步,是发展的必然。

然而,我们应尊重每一个人的选择。

Genetically modified (gm) refers to transferring selected individual genes from one organism to another by using modern molecular biological technology in order to modify genetic properties of organisms.The purpose is to meet the demand of people in the shape, nutritional quality, consumption quality, etc. Nowadays ,there are many different views of GM. Those who deem it is a dangerous signal and undesirable impact set themselves against the application of transgenic technology.As for me ,The emergence of genetically modified technology is the mark of scientific progress.No one can clearly tell crop is harmful after GM. Meanwhile, it will lead to the commercialization and its the result of the scientists after many experiments.Hence,we are supposed to treat GM rationally.The following benefits could account for the necessity of GM.First of all,Genetic modification may improve the yield per unit area of crops.It is serious that production is the goal of breeding,and it can relieve the contradictions of the world food shortage.Second,through transgenic technology to cultivate high-yield, high-quality, antivirus, insect resistance, cold resistance, drought resistance, conferring, salt resistance, herbicide resistance characteristics of new crop varieties.So that it can reduce dependence on fertilizers and water.The third,GM may provide inexpensive and nutritious food,like carrots with more antioxidants.In addition,Genetically modified food can get rid of the influence of season, climate, let people can eat fresh vegetables all the year round。

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Author GuidelinesThe journal OIL CROP SCIENCE publishes high quality, original research presenting novel findings from oil-bearing plants such as soybean, peanut, rapeseed, sesame, sunflower, oil flax, safflower, castor bean, and other woody oil plants such as oil-tea camellia and oil palm. A range of topics to be covered includes biotechnology, genetics and breeding, germplasm resources, physiology and biochemistry, cultivation, tillage, plant protection, plant nutrition, soil and fertilization, oil detection and quality inspection, functional oil processing, lipid chemistry and nutrition. The journal also publishes Review and Short communication.OIL CROP SCIENCE is a peer reviewed journal—all editorial decisions are made by a tradition of rigorous peer-review. Full documentation of the data presented and compelling evidence for the conclusions drawn is required.●Article categories●CategoryOIL CROP SCIENCE publishes three research manuscript formats: OriginalResearch Papers, Short Communications and Review. Authors should indicate the article type in the first paragraph of Cover Letter.Please view the table below for a summary on currently accepted article types and general manuscript style guidelines.Article types may vary depending on journal.●Manuscript LengthOIL CROP SCIENCE encourages its authors to closely follow the article word count lengths given in the table below. The manuscript length includes only the main body of the text, footnotes and all citations within it, and excludes abstract, section titles,figure and table captions, funding statements, acknowledgements and references in the bibliography. 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Non-standard abbreviations should be avoided unless they appear at least 4 times, and defined upon first use in the main text. Consider also giving a list of non-standard abbreviations at the end, immediately before the Acknowledgments.o Equations should be inserted in editable format from the equation editor.o Gene symbols should be italicized; protein products are not italicized.o Chemical compounds and biomolecules should be referred to using systematic nomenclature, preferably using the recommendations by IUPAC.o We encourage the use of Standard International Units (e.g. “kg ha-1”, “μg g-1”, “mmol/l”) in all manuscripts.o Life Science Identifiers (LSIDs) for ZOOBANK registered names or nomenclatural acts should be listed in the manuscript before the keywords. AnLSID is represented as a uniform resource name (URN) with the followingformat: urn:lsid:::[:]●SectionsYour manuscript is organized by headings and subheadings. 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Data sets that have been deposited to an online repository should be included in the reference list, include the version and unique identifier (doi number) when available. Website urls should be included as footnotes.The reference list should be presented in alphabetical order listed in the form ofHanging indent. ALL authors' names should be included when there are 10 or fewer names. If more than 10 names, the reference should include the first 10 names,followed by et al. Unpublished data, submitted manuscripts, or personalcommunications appeared in the text should include first initials and last names of authors. References are name/date citations in text.The following formatting styles are meant as a guide, as long as the full citation is complete and clear.Article in a print journal:Wu H., Ji Y., Du J., Kong D., Liang H., Ling H.Q. 2010. Clpc1, an ATP-dependent Clp protease in plastids, is involved in iron homeostasis in Arabidopsis leaves. Ann. Bot.105(5): 823-33. doi:10.1093/aob/mcq051.Article in an online journal:Gollhofer J., Timofeev R., Lan P., Schmidt W., Buckhout T.J. 2014.Vacuolar-iron-transporter1-like proteins mediate iron homeostasis in Arabidopsis.Plos One. 9(10): e1104108-e1104108. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.01104108Article or chapter in a book:Sorenson P. W., Caprio J. C. 1998. "Chemoreception," in The Physiology of Fishes, ed. D. H. Evans (Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press), 375-405.Book:Cowan W. M., Jessell T. M., Zipursky S. L. 1997. Molecular and Cellular Approaches to Neural Development. New York: Oxford University Press.Abstract:Hendricks J, Applebaum R, Kunkel S, 2010. A world apart? Bridging the gap between theory and applied social gerontology. Gerontologist 50: 284-293. Abstract retrieved from Abstracts in Social Gerontology database. (Accession No. 50360869).Patent:Marshall S P, 2000. Method and apparatus for eye tracking and monitoring pupildilation to evaluate cognitive activity. U.S. Patent No 10,090,051. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.Data:Perdiguero P., Venturas M., Cervera M.T., Gil L., Collada C. 2015. Data from: Massive sequencing of Ulms minor's transcriptome provides new molecular tools for a genus under the constant threat of Dutch elm disease. Dryad Digital Repository./10.50101/dryad.ps837Theses and Dissertations:Smith J. 2008. Post-structuralist discourse relative to phenomological pursuits in the deconstructivist arena. [dissertation/master’s thesis]. [Chicago (IL)]: University of Chicago●TablesTables should be inserted at the end of the manuscript. Number tables consecutively according to the order cited in the text. If you use a word processor, build your table in MS-Word. If you use a LaTeX processor, build your table in LaTeX. An empty line should be left before and after the table. Data in table should be presented concisely and logically. Provide a title for each table. Include table legends and footnotes where needed. If tables are reprinted from another source or if data included are fromanother source, permission to reprint is required.●Figure and table LegendsFigure and table legends are required to have the same font as the main text (12 point normal Times New Roman, 1.5 line-spaced).o Legends should be preceded by the appropriate label, for example "Figure 1"or "Table 4". Figure legends should be placed at the end of the manuscript (forsupplementary images you must include the caption with the figure, uploadedas a separate file).o Table legends must be placed immediately before the table.o Figure legends should be brief and should not contain methods. Please use only a single paragraph for the legend.o Figure panels are referred to by bold capital letters in brackets: (A), (B), (C),(D), etc. Symbols indicted in the figure must be identified in the legend text.Abbreviations and error bars must also be defined. If figures are reprinted fromanother source, permission to reprint is required.FiguresThe maximum number of figures and tables for all article types are shown in the table above. Line drawings, graphs, charts, and chemical formulae should be professionally prepared and labeled. Individual figure files are only required with revisedmanuscripts. First version submissions are required to have figures contained in the Word Format in the same order as they are referred to in the manuscript. Kindlyensure that each table and figure is mentioned in the text and in numerical order.Individual figures should not be longer than one page and with a width thatcorresponds to 1 column (85 mm) or 2 columns (170 mm).o Format: The following formats are accepted: TIFF (.tif) TIFF files should be saved using LZW compression or any other non-lossy compression method.JPEG (.jpg); PDF; AI; EPS (.eps) EPS files can be uploaded upon acceptanceo Images must be submitted in the color mode RGB.o All images must be uploaded separately in the submission procedure after manuscript acceptance. Line art (monochrome): Resolution must be1000-1200 dpi at publication size. Common examples are graphs and chartsmade of solid black and white, with no gray values. Halftones (color orgrayscale): Resolution must be 300 dpi at publication size. Common examplesare color or grayscale figures containing pictures only, with NO lines/rules, text,or panel designations. Combination Halftones (color or grayscale withlines/rules etc): Resolution must over 600 dpi. Check the resolution of yourfigure by enlarging it to 150%. If the resolution is too low, the image will appearblurry, jagged or have a stair-stepped effect.o The smallest visible text is no less than 8 points in height, when viewed at actual size. Any lines in the graphic are no smaller than 2 points width.o For figures with more than one panel, panels should be clearly indicated using labels. All panel tags (A, B, C) should be presented as capital letters in 10- or12-pt. bold (Helvetica or Arial).●Supplementary MaterialOIL CROP SCIENCE do not support pushing important results and information into supplementary sections. However, data that are not of primary importance to the text, or which cannot be included in the article because it is too large or the current format does not permit it (such as movies, raw data traces, power point presentations, etc.) can be uploaded during the submission procedure and will be displayed along with the published article.The Supplementary Material can be uploaded as Data Sheet (word, excel, csv, cdx, fasta, pdf or zip files), Presentation (power point, pdf or zip files), Supplementary Image (cdx, eps, jpeg, pdf, png or tif), Supplementary Table (word, excel, csv or pdf), Audio (mp3, wav or wma) or Video (avi, divx, flv, mov, mp4, mpeg, mpg or wmv).Supplementary material is not typeset. Please ensure that all information is clearly presented, the appropriate caption is included in the file and not in the manuscript, and that the style conforms to the rest of the article.●Cover LetterCover Letter is required to the Editor when you submit your manuscript. The title of the manuscript, the article type must be indicated in the first paragraph. You must also state that the manuscript has not been submitted for publication elsewhere; any closely related works submitted for consideration in other publications should be noted and you may be asked to provide a copy. A short description of the significance of the manuscript is essential as well. Cover Letter should frame the question(s) you have addressed in your work in the context of the current body of knowledge, providing evidence that the findings - whether positive or negative - contribute to progress in your research discipline. This will assist the Chief Editors to determine whether your manuscript fits within the scope of a specialty as defined in its mission statement. A detailed Cover Letter will also facilitate the identification of the Editors and Reviewers most appropriate to evaluate your work, ultimately expediting your manuscript's initial consideration. Reviewers can also be recommend in the letter to help Editors make choise.3. Review articlesReview Articles occupy 5–8 journal pages (less than 12000 characters, including spaces), include an abstract of up to 350 words, multiple figures and/or tables, and references. All of the reviews are accepted subject to favorable review.4. Short CommunicationsShort Communications are less than 3500 characters, including an abstract of up to 200 words, multiple figures and/or tables, and references. References should be limited to no more than 30.5. Materials and Data Release PolicyAuthors are required to agree and make all materials and protocols in their published work freely available to qualified researchers. Authors are encouraged to deposit biological materials such as cell lines, plasmid constructs and genetically modified organisms in an established public repository. If materials are held in repositories or if a third-party distribution agreement is in place, then the distributor name and location should be included in the manuscript.All data and supporting data sets from a publication must be available to the broader community from the date of publication through publicly available databases. When using public databases, the entry name/ID or accession number must be referred to in the Materials and Methods section of the relevant paper.6. Submit an ArticleSubmit your manuscript in English. Send it to our email box (ocs@), attaching any supplemental material when required. Submission of a manuscript to OIL CROP SCIENCE implies that the corresponding author has obtained the permission of all authors, and that all authors have read the manuscript and guarantee that the manuscript represents original research, that the data are available to the Editors if requested, and that the manuscript (and its substance) has not been previously published and is not currently being considered for publication by another journal.7. Contact UsEditorial office of OIL CROP SCIENCEE-mail: ocs@, dongch@Phone & Fax: 86 27-86728520Oil Crops Research Institute, CAASNo. 2 Xudong 2nd Road, Wuhan 430062, P. R. China。

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