国外教育心理学课件2-概念概念概述CassiePPT教学课件

➢ The closer it occurs to the response the more effective it will be to the students.
Example: A teacher gives her students several minutes of free time after they complete an assignment.
➢ Punisher – an event when which made upon the occurrence of an operant decreases the probability of the operant
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Operant Conditioning
➢ A theory used by many different people.Βιβλιοθήκη 2020/12/104
Operant Conditioning
➢ Operant conditioning has been widely applied in clinical settings as well as teaching and instructional development.
Example: A teacher who laughs at inappropriate behavior of her students.
➢ Delayed reinforcers are more likely to be effective with older students.
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Three Essential Conditions for Operant Conditioning
➢ The reinforcer must be presented only when the response has occurred.
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Operant Conditioning
➢ Appropriate and productive behaviors are acquired because of the desirable outcome that may occur.
➢ Many inappropriate and undesirable behaviors may be acquired for the same reason.
Operant Conditioning
Cassie Tobin
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What is Operant Conditioning?
➢ The form of learning where a response increases in frequency as a result of it being followed by a reinforcement.
➢ B.F. Skinner and John Watson
➢ Reinforcement is a main concept of the theory
➢ One distinctive aspect of Skinners theory is that it attempted to provide behavioral explanations for a broad range of phenomena.
Example: A teacher who praises her students only when they behave appropriately.
➢ The reinforcer should never occur when the response does not occur.
➢ Students are more likely to learn when they are making active responses within the classroom.
• Example: Students will learn their cursive letters more easily by writing them.
➢ Students often learn and demonstrate new behaviors for the consequences that those behaviors bring.
• Example: Sandy studies hard for her Accounting test. She gets an A on the test.
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Terms
➢ Operant – an action that operates on the environment to produce a change in the environment
➢ Reinforcer – an event when which made upon the occurrence of an operant increases the probability of the operant
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Three Essential Conditions for Operant Conditioning
➢ The individual must make a response.
➢ Behaviorists say that little is accomplished when the students just sit and listen to their teacher.
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Three Essential Conditions for Operant Conditioning
➢ A reinforcer must follow the response.
➢ To be most effective, the reinforcer should occur immediately after the response.