2018版高考英语一轮复习 第2部分 专题13 构词法即学巩固
高中英语学业水平测试：专题十三构词法
15 ． inadequate
16.discount
17.unfit
18.dishonest 19.incapable 20.unable
Ⅱ.用所给词的正确形式填空
1．The Chinese people are very ________(friend) to foreigners.
2．I think it'll be ________(sun)this afternoon. 3．David moved ________(caution) forward. 4．Without reform, social and economic problems can only be ________(bad)．
10．The ________(expect)death of her son made her sad.
11．Running a business without a budget(预算) is ________(practical)．
12．The government ________(close) that another ambassador had been arrested for spying.
答案：1.illegal 2.Misleading 3.unreasonable
4．illiterate 5.imbalance 6.immobile
7．unknown 8.unaware 9.impatient
10.unexpected 11.impractical
12．disclosed 13.improper 14.unavoidable
kind-hearted好心的，middle-aged 中年的，white-colored白色的， absent-minded心不在焉的
最新高考英语一轮复习课件语法专题13 构词法
语法专题十三 构词法
语法专题突破
核心考点 专项训练
-9-
高考感悟
考点归纳
一二三四
合成方式 例词
v.-ing+n.
washing machine 洗衣机 writing desk 写字桌 running water 自来水 reading room 阅览室
accounts for about 30 percent of total
(globe) fertilizer
consumption.
global 此处修饰名词短语fertilizer consumption,其前需用形容词
修饰,故填global。
语法专题十三 构词法
语法专题突破
核心考点 专项训练
其他
output 产量 looker-on 旁观者 income 收入 get-together 聚会 breakfast 早餐
高考感悟
语法专题突破
语法专题十三 构词法
核心考点 专项训练
考点归纳
一二三四
-10-
2.合成形容词
合成方式 n.+过去分词 n.+v.-ing adj.+n.
n.+adj.
7.(2015·福建改编)It was
(consider) of Michael to
inform us of his delay in case we got worried.
considerate 句意:迈克尔想得很周到,他通知我们他耽搁的事情,以
免我们担心。considerate“考虑周详的,体贴的”,本句应用了句型“It
2018年浙江高考一轮附录1 构词法
附录一构词法
在浙江高考的语法填空题中，有涉及单词的形式变化的题目。
此外，新考纲要求考生掌握3 000多个英语单词。
因此，掌握常用的构词方法不仅能帮助学生做好语法填空题，还能帮助学生扩大词汇量，为学生在高考中稳操胜券奠定基础。
英语中的构词法有三种：合成、转化和派生。
一、合成
合成词就是由两个或更多的词合成的词，有的用连字符“-”连接，有的直接写在一起，有的分开写。
常见的合成词有以下几种：
1．合成名词
wellbeing健康，byproduct副产品，goodfornothing无用之人，gobetween 中间人，commanderinchief总司令
2．合成形容词
anywhere在任何地方；nowhere任何地方都不；somewhere在某处；everywhere 到处；upstairs在楼上；indoors在室内；however无论如何；whenever无论何时；somehow不知怎么地；anyhow不管怎样；anyway不管怎样；anytime在任何时候；sometimes有时；nowadays现今；otherwise否则
二、转化
把一种词性用作另一种词性而词形不变的方法叫作转化。
派生法即由一个词根加上前缀或后缀构成另一个词。
1．常见的前缀(前缀通常只改变词义，不改变词性)
同时会改变词义。
)。
2018版高考英语全国用大一轮复习导学案课件Book2 Unit 2 精品
晨背佳作 积累素材
话题词汇
1.athlete n.运动员 2.champion n.冠军 3.cheer v.欢呼；喝彩 4.judge n.裁判；v.判断 5.tournament n.锦标赛；联赛 6.track n.轨道；田径 7.a close game势均力敌的比赛 8.break the record打破纪录
名师点睛 本篇习作结构比较清晰，使用词汇恰当准确，全文有整体性也比较
连贯。作者使用了比较丰富的词汇，如touch，excellent performance， optimistic attitude，wholeheartedly等。同时还成功地使用了一些较高级 的句式，如倒装句“So was I.”，让步状语从句 “Although they are not as healthy as normal people，they still love life wholeheartedly.”，表语 从句 “That is what we should learn from them.”。这些都体现了作者 对词汇和句式有较好的运用能力。
the program allows strangers to communicate by discussing the book on the bus，as well as promoting (promote) reading as an experience to be shared in families and schools.
2017-2018学年高中英语学业水平测试语法突破：专题13-构词法ppt课件(33页)
partly-roofed部分房顶覆盖的， so-called所谓的
第5页，共33页。
合成副词
anywhere任何地方，however然 而，nowadays现今，maybe可能 ，outdoors户外，upstairs楼上， otherwise否则，upright笔直
6 ． Her illness had made her completely ________(mobile)．(导学号 54670095)
7．His identity is ________(know) to us so we have to confirm.
第16页，共33页。
8．He seems to be ________(aware)of the trouble he is making.(导学号 54670096)
形容 词后
缀
-iБайду номын сангаасal/-al/ial -an
-ful
natural自然的，national国家的， international国际的，actual实际的
American美国(人)的，African非洲(人) 的，European欧洲(人)的
careful仔细的，beautiful美丽的， hopeful有希望的，wonderful精彩的
形容词
无家可归的
后缀
friendly友好的，motherly母亲
-ly 般的，monthly每月的，
weekly每周的
第10页，共33页。
动词 后缀
副词 后缀
-fy
beautify美化，satisfy使满意，terrify使恐 怖，simplify简化，purify净化
高三英语大一轮复习讲义 语法知识 专题十二 构词法 新人教版
高三英语大一轮复习讲义语法知识专题十二构词法新人教版一、合成法合成法是把两个或两个以上的单词合成一个新单词的构词法。
有的可以直接写在一起构成一个新单词，还有的在词与词之间用连字符“”或空格隔开构成一个新单词，把这个词通常叫做复合词。
二、转化法转化法是由一种词类转化为一种或几种词类的构词法。
这种构词法词形没有改变，转化后的单词在意义上通常与原单词有密切联系。
三、派生法派生法是英语主要的构词法。
此方法是借助于前缀或后缀，制造出派生词，主要有名词、形容词和动词三种。
1．前缀构词法前缀是加在一个词根前面的音节，它并不是独立的单词，但本身有一定的含义，它不改变词性，但改变原词义。
2．后缀构词法后缀是加在一个单词后面的音节，它本身一般也有一定含义，能够改变单词的词性，有的也可以改变词义。
备注：以上三种构词法的具体例子见《记忆有道》中的构词法记忆部分。
用所给词的适当形式填空1．Her preparation course is helping her to get used to academic(academy) requirements of a Western university.2.A fireman accidentally(accident) discovered the cause of the fire.3．It cost approximately(approximate) 300—I can’t remember it exactly.4.Beggars(beg) ca n’t be choosers.5．Other disabled people find the website beneficial(benefit) because they can read about people with similar difficulties to their own.6.She glanced casually(casual) through a magazine as she waited.7.He quit playing competitive(compete) football at the age of 24.8．The café has a relaxed continental(continent) feel about it.9．The man standing there is a distinguished(distinguish) novelist and philosopher. 10．It is a dramatic(drama) story about an invasion of the Earth by aliens from Mars. 11．The teachers are very enthusiastic(enthusiasm) and friendly and the classrooms are amazing.12.Building a new factory there would be environmentally(environment) disastrous.13.Yesterday we held a ceremony to welcome the honorable(honor) soldiers who just came back from Wenchuan.14．Tourists shouldn’t miss the 103 bus which offers one of the most impressive(impress) routes.15．You should loosen(loose) up your muscles before playing any sport.。
高考英语二轮复习 第二 专题十三 构词法(词类转换)练习高三全册英语试题
语鹅市安置阳光实验学校专题十三构词法（词类转换）题组一体验真题根据语境，用所给词的适当形式填空1.(2015·新课标全国卷Ⅱ)Walls made of adobe take in the heat from the sun on hot days and give out that heat ________(slow)during cool nights，thus warming the house.2.(2015·新课标全国卷Ⅱ)As________(nature) architects，the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly how thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.3.(2015·新课标全国卷Ⅰ)Abercrombie & Kent，a travel company in Hong Kong，says it ________ (regular) arranges quick getaways here for people...4.(2015·广东卷)________ (lucky)，he also had a cow which looked almost abandoned.5.(2014·新课标全国卷Ⅰ)The river was so polluted that it ________ (actual) caught fire and burned.6.(2014·新课标全国卷Ⅰ)While there are ________ (amaze) stories of instant transformation，...7.(2014·新课标全国卷Ⅱ)Everyone on the bus began talking about what the boy had done，and the crowd of strangers ________ (sudden) became friendly to one another.8.(2014·辽宁卷)I can't control my body well.My legs become ________ (pain).9.(2013·广东卷)That would be a very ________ (reason) thing to do ina big city.10.(2013·广东卷)But such a small thing couldn't ________(possible)destroy a village.11.(2012·广东卷)For some reason he sat beside Mary.Mary felt ________(please)，because there were many empty seats in the room.But she quickly realized that it wasn't her...12.(2011·广东卷)He must be ________ (mental) disabled.13.(2010·广东卷)His teacher took a deep drink，smiled ________ (warm)and thanked his student very much for the sweet water.14.(2009·广东卷)But Jane knew from past experience that her ________(choose) of ties hardly ever pleased her father.15.(2008·广东卷)This proverb is saying we have to let things go in their________ (nature) course.答案 1.slowly 2.natural 3.regularly 4.Luckily 5.actually6.amazing7.suddenly8.painful9.reasonable 10.possibly11.pleased 12.mentally 13.warmly 14.choice 15.natural题组二尝试模拟Ⅰ.用所给词的适当形式填空1.(2015·佛山一模)After they ________ (continue) improved it uponearlier designs，the brothers successfully received a patent (专利) in 1906.2.(2015·广西调研)These poems were well received ________ (local) and in 1786 they were published into the volume，Poems，Chiefly...3.(2015·济南一模)I couldn't imagine what it is like to lose your home and everything that you know and the ________ (power) effect the hurricane had on those people.4.(2015·东营三模)Delighted，the country mouse accepted the ________ (invite) and came to the city mouse's house.5.(2015·长春三模)Even if I eat nothing but beans，I can live ________ (peace).6.(2015·枣庄一模)However，the worst ________ (impress) is that I was feeling hungry all the time.7.(2015·温州二模)I took that beautiful moment and stored it ________ (safe) in my soul where I knew it would remain forever.8.(2015·沈阳一模)In the eyes of these foreigners，Chinglish is the ________ (wonder) result of an English dictionary mixing with Chinese grammar.9.(2015·山东师大附中一模)And if you have a good ________ (appear) and also original or expensive clothes to show off at your concerts...10.(2015·深圳一模)Bob went，returned and said ________ (gentle)，“Boss，onl y one person is selling watermelon...”11.(2015·肇庆期末)For another，it is a useful way to release their________ (press).12.(2015·肇庆期末)Therefore as high school students of the InformationAge，we need to learn to make use of this ________ (mean) tool to communicate and display ourselves.13.(2015·佛山一模)They fly faster，are much larger，and have televisionsets built in for passengers' ________ (enjoy).14.(2015·吉林一模)With the ________ (arrive) of spring，the Dorritystook the children for an outing.15.I was supposed to arrive at the airport on time.________ (fortunate)，I was held up by the heavy traffic jam.16.Therefore，when they become older they are ________ (able) to do anyother kind of work.17.Very early the next morning，amazingly，we got completely satisfiedin a totally ________ (expect) way.18.I won't do the purchase because the price of this dress is ________(reason).19.Job ________ (apply) need to show their ability to be both organizedand flexible in taking on many tasks at the same time.20.All facts are the source of ________ (conclude).21.However，most ________ (science) agree that EQ has a lot to do with________ (educate).22.Excellent oral and written ________ (communicate) skills in Chineseand English are of ________ (important).23.Fresh fruits and vegetables can provide much of our daily ________(require).24.It is your ________ (free) to do what you want after class.25.As is known to us all，the Entrance Exam is a great ________，and thestudents are ________.(compete)答案 1.continuously 2.locally 3.powerful 4.invitation5.peacefully6.impression7.safely8.wonderful9.appearance10.gently 11.pressure 12.meaningful 13.enjoyment 14.arrival15.Unfortunately 16.unable 17.unexpected 18.unreasonable19.applicants 20.conclusions 21.scientists；educationmunication；importance 23.requirement 24.freedompetition；competitorsⅡ.仿真模拟阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
高考英语一轮复习构词法课件
prep./adv. +n. underground, upside, overcoat, afternoon, income, byproduct
其他
newcomer, fisherman, editor-in-chief, sister-in-law, take-off
18
合成词
合 成 形 容 词
构成
例子
adj.+ n.+-ed middle-aged, cold-blooded, warm-hearted, red-haired
n.+ p.p.
man-made, snow-covered, heart-broken, deep-seated
n. +a.
world-famous, self-confident, ice-cold, watertight, seasick
例子
合 n.+ n. 成 名 n. + v.-ing 词
adj.+ n.
bedroom, sportsman, lifeboat, spaceship, network, weekday handwriting, sightseeing, sunbathing, weightlifting hardware, first-aid, midnight, nobleman, highway, blackboard
高考英语一轮复习 第2部分 专题13 构词法即学巩固(2021年最新整理)
2018版高考英语一轮复习第2部分专题13 构词法即学巩固编辑整理：尊敬的读者朋友们：这里是精品文档编辑中心，本文档内容是由我和我的同事精心编辑整理后发布的，发布之前我们对文中内容进行仔细校对，但是难免会有疏漏的地方，但是任然希望（2018版高考英语一轮复习第2部分专题13 构词法即学巩固）的内容能够给您的工作和学习带来便利。
同时也真诚的希望收到您的建议和反馈，这将是我们进步的源泉，前进的动力。
本文可编辑可修改，如果觉得对您有帮助请收藏以便随时查阅，最后祝您生活愉快业绩进步，以下为2018版高考英语一轮复习第2部分专题13 构词法即学巩固的全部内容。
专题13 构词法〔即学巩固〕Ⅰ。
根据语境，用所给词的适当形式填空错误!1．It is illegal （legal） to drive after drinking alcohol in most countries.解析：句意：大多数国家，酒后开车违法。
2。
Misleading （lead) advertisements are not allowed by law.解析:句意:法律不允许误导的广告。
3．It is unreasonable (reasonable)to stick to this absurd proposal.解析：句意：坚持这种荒谬的建议是不合理的。
4．You must be illiterate （literate) if you have not heard of Shakespeare。
解析：句意：如果你没听说过莎士比亚，那你一定很无知。
5．There exists the imbalance (balance) between the rich and poor countries。
解析：句意：富国与穷国之间存在着不平衡。
6．Her illness had made her completely immobile (mobile）．解析：句意：她的病使得她完全不能活动了。
高三英语一轮复习 第2部分 语法专题突破 专题1 构词法 牛津译林版(2021年整理)
（通用版）2018版高三英语一轮复习第2部分语法专题突破专题1 构词法牛津译林版编辑整理：尊敬的读者朋友们：这里是精品文档编辑中心，本文档内容是由我和我的同事精心编辑整理后发布的，发布之前我们对文中内容进行仔细校对，但是难免会有疏漏的地方，但是任然希望（（通用版）2018版高三英语一轮复习第2部分语法专题突破专题1 构词法牛津译林版）的内容能够给您的工作和学习带来便利。
同时也真诚的希望收到您的建议和反馈，这将是我们进步的源泉，前进的动力。
本文可编辑可修改，如果觉得对您有帮助请收藏以便随时查阅，最后祝您生活愉快业绩进步，以下为（通用版）2018版高三英语一轮复习第2部分语法专题突破专题1 构词法牛津译林版的全部内容。
专题一构词法考点一派生法(一)形容词加ly变为副词的规律1．一般情况加。
ly。
如：real→really；careful→carefully;polite→politely；quick→quickly。
2．“辅音字母加y"结尾的，当y的发音为[i]时,变y为i，再加ly。
如:angry→angrily；busy→busily；heavy→heavily。
当y的发音为[āi］时,直接加.ly.如：shy→shyly;dry→dryly.3．以辅音字母加le结尾的形容词变副词时，去掉e加.y。
如：probable→probably;gentle→gently.但以元音字母加le结尾时加ly 。
如：sole→solely。
但whole→wholly例外。
4．以元音字母加e结尾的形容词变副词，去掉e加。
ly。
如：true→truly。
［易错警示]有的名词加ly→形容词,如：frie nd→friendly；love→lovely；month→monthly。
(二)动词/名词变形容词的后缀及例词后缀例词.able accept→acceptable 可接受的comfort→comfortable 舒适的。
2018版高考英语大一轮复习第2部分语法考点讲练第3节构词法与比较等级教师用书北师大版
第三节构词法与比较等级构词法课标卷中的阅读与完形填空中约含有2.5%的派生词或合成词，对这部分词汇的掌握程度直接决定着理解质量；构词法还是语法填空中必考的题目；同时，短文改错中也不乏对构词法的考查。
[对应学生用书P162]考点一派生词1．名词后缀(1)动词变名词的后缀后缀例词-ion/-tion/-sion/-ationcorrect→correction 改正celebrate→celebration 庆祝；庆祝会attract→attraction 吸引discuss→discussion 讨论；辩论graduate→graduation 毕业conclude→conclusion 结论；结束decide→decision 决定admit→admission 接纳；准许入学invite→invitation 邀请explain→explanation 解释expect→expectation 期望-er/-ordrive→driver 司机；驾驶员gather→gatherer 收集者；采集者teach→teacher 老师announce→announcer 播音员conduct→conductor 指挥；售票员direct→director 导演-ment punish→punishment 惩罚achieve→achievement 功绩；成就argue→argument 辩论；论据treat→treatment 对待；治疗equip→equipment 装备；设备govern→government 政府-ance/ -ence appear→appearance 出现；外貌guide→guidance 指引；指导perform→performance 表演；节目exist→existence 存在；生存prefer→preference 偏爱refer→reference 参考；查阅-ing hear→hearing 听力；听觉begin→beginning 开始-ure/ fail→failure 失败；没做到press→pressure 压力depart→departure 离开；出发mix→mixture 混合；混合物ture-y recover→recovery 恢复；痊愈discover→discovery 发现其他choose→choice 选择vary→variety 多样化；种类tend→tendency 趋向；趋势(2)形容词变名词的后缀后缀例词-age short→shortage 不足；短缺-cy efficient→efficiency 效率；功效fluent→fluency 流利；流畅accurate→accuracy 准确性private→privacy 隐私；私密-dom free→freedom 自由；自主wise→wisdom 明智；智慧-ce different→difference 差异silent→silence 沉默-ness weak→weakness 虚弱；弱点kind→kindness 仁慈；好意careless→carelessness 粗心大意-th strong→strength 力气；强项warm→warmth 温暖；热情-y -ty -ity honest→honesty 诚实difficult→difficulty 困难cruel→cruelty 残酷；残暴safe→safety 安全disable→disability 无能；伤残responsible→responsibility 责任2.形容词、副词后缀(1)动词、名词变形容词的常见后缀后缀例词-able accept→acceptable 可接受的comfort→comfortable 舒适的fashion→fashionable 时髦的suit→suitable 合适的reason→reasonable 有道理的-al music→musical 音乐的origin→original 最初的person→personal 个人的；私人的center→central 中央的；中心的nature→natural 自然的；天生的-ful doubt→doubtful 怀疑的forget→forgetful 健忘的harm→harmful 有害的hope→hopeful 有希望的peace→peaceful 和平的-ed scare→scared 感到恐惧的confuse→confused 感到困惑的underline→underlined 下划线的-ing surprise→surprising 令人惊奇的convince→convincing 令人信服的satisfy→satisfying 令人满意的-ible access→accessible 容易取得的horror→horrible 可怕的；恐怖的terror→terrible 可怕的-ive act→active 积极的；活跃的effect→effective 有效的，生效的attract→attractive 有吸引力的impress→impressive 给人深刻印象的-ous continue→continuous 不断的；持续的anxiety→anxious 忧虑的caution→cautious 十分小心的；谨慎的curiosity→curious 好奇的humor→humorous 幽默的-some tire→tiresome 令人厌倦的trouble→troublesome 麻烦的-y taste→tasty 美味的；可口的health→healthy 健康的wealth→wealthy 富裕的；丰富的-ern east→eastern 东方的；向东的-ishchild→childish 孩子气的fool→foolish 愚蠢的；可笑的self→selfish 自私的(2)形容词变副词的后缀直接加-ly slow→slowly 缓慢地改-y为-ily happy→happily 高兴地去e加ly true→truly 真诚地；确实前/后缀例词前缀-en able→enable 使能够large→enlarge 扩大rich→enrich 使充实后缀-en broad→broaden (使)变宽ripe→ripen (使)成熟sharp→sharpen 使尖锐wide→widen 加宽-ify class→classify 把……分类just→justify 证明……正确simple→simplify 简化-ize apology→apologize 道歉emphasis→emphasize 强调4.表示否定或相反意义的前缀和后缀考点二转化法不改变词形，把一个词由一种词类转化为另一种词类的方法叫转化法。
高考英语总复习第二部分语法专题第十三讲构词法实战演练新人教版(2021年整理)
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第十三讲构词法一、单句语法填空1．（2017年新课标Ⅰ卷·阅读理解B）I work with Volunteers for Wildlife, a rescue and education ________ (organize) at Bailey Arboretum in Locust Valley.2．(2017年新课标Ⅱ卷·语法填空）The Central London Railway was one of the most ________ (success） of these new lines, and was opened in 1900.3．（2017年新课标Ⅲ卷·语法填空)She is determined to carry on with her ________ (educate)．4．（2016年新课标Ⅰ卷·语法填空)But for tourists like me, pandas are its top ________ (attract)．5．（2016年新课标Ⅱ卷·语法填空）Then， handle the most important tasks first so you'll feel a real sense of ________ （achieve）．6．（2016年新课标Ⅲ卷·语法填空）Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, who lived from roughly 551 to 479 B．C。
2018版高考英语一轮复习 第2部分 专题1 名词即学巩固
专题1 名词〔即学巩固〕Ⅰ.单句语法填空导学号 580828381．(2015·江苏，32)Some schools will have to make adjustments (adjust) in agreement with the national soccer reform.解析：句意：为了与国家的足球改革保持一致，一些学校不得不进行调整。
make adjustments是固定搭配，意为“进行调整”。
2．(2014·新课标Ⅰ，69)．..for most of us the changes (change) are gradual and require a lot of effort and work，like cleaning up a polluted river.解析：句意：……对我们大多数人来说，这些变化很缓慢，而且就像清理被污染的河流，需要很多努力和工作。
所填词作主语，其前是定冠词，所以应为名词；根据谓语动词are可知应用复数形式。
3．(2014·辽宁，70)．.. I'll stop and take a deep breath .解析：句意：……我要停下来深吸一口气。
take a deep breath“深呼吸”，是固定短语。
4．(2014·浙江，6)We most prefer to say yes to the requests (request) of someone we know and like.解析：句意：我们更愿意满足自己熟悉且喜欢的人所提的要求。
根据前面的定冠词判断，本空需要用名词形式；request作“要求”讲是可数名词，此处是泛指，所以用其复数形式。
5．(2014·湖北，21)Her motivation (motivate) for writing was a desire for women to get the right to higher education.解析：句意：她写作的动机是她渴望为妇女争取到接受高等教育的权利。
高三英语一轮复习语法专题18版：构词法
2.后缀一般改变词性而不改变词义，但leader(n.)领导—leadership(n.)领导
阶层/关系，friend (n.)朋友—friendship(n.)友谊
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八、不改变词性的前缀
前缀
例词
in-(不，非) invisible看不见的，incomplete不完整的，incorrect不正确的
il-(不，非)
illegal违法的，illogical不符合逻辑的
imperfect不完美的，immoral不道德的，impolite不礼貌的， im-(不，非)
三、动词变成名词
后缀
例词
acceptance接受，appearance出现，disappearance消失， -ance
entrance入口
difference差别，dependence依赖，existence存在， -ence
preference偏爱，reference参考
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专题13 构词法〔即学巩固〕Ⅰ.根据语境，用所给词的适当形式填空导学号 580828771．It is illegal (legal) to drive after drinking alcohol in most countries.解析：句意：大多数国家，酒后开车违法。
2. Misleading (lead) advertisements are not allowed by law.解析：句意：法律不允许误导的广告。
3．It is unreasonable (reasonable)to stick to this absurd proposal.解析：句意：坚持这种荒谬的建议是不合理的。
4．You must be illiterate (literate) if you have not heard of Shakespeare.解析：句意：如果你没听说过莎士比亚，那你一定很无知。
5．There exists the imbalance (balance) between the rich and poor countries.解析：句意：富国与穷国之间存在着不平衡。
6．Her illness had made her completely immobile (mobile)．解析：句意：她的病使得她完全不能活动了。
7．His identity is unknown (know) to us so we have to confirm.解析：句意：他的身份为我们所不知，所以我们得证实。
8．He seems to be unaware (aware)of the trouble he is making.解析：句意：他似乎不知道他正造成的麻烦。
9．Jim is impatient (patient)with his little sister who is so noisy.解析：句意：吉姆对他吵闹的小妹妹不耐烦。
10．The unexpected (expect)death of her son made her sad.解析：句意：她儿子意外死亡让她很悲伤。
11．Running a business without a budget(预算) is impractical (practical)．解析：句意：经营生意而没有预算是不实际的。
12．The government disclosed (close) that another ambassador had been arrested for spying.解析：句意：政府公开另一个外交大使因间谍罪被逮捕。
13．The bright dress is improper (proper)for a funeral.解析：句意：鲜艳的衣服不合适参加葬礼。
14．This delay was unavoidable (avoidable)so we had to be patient.解析：句意：延迟不可避免，所以我们得耐心。
15．His income is inadequate (adequate) to meet his basic needs and he has tofind another job.解析：句意：他的收入不足以满足基本要求，他得再找份工作。
16．Students get a discount (count)of 25% on plane tickets.解析：句意：学生享有25%的机票折扣。
17．The water is unfit (fit)for drinking and you have to go without water.解析：句意：这水不适宜饮用，你只能不喝水了。
18．It's dishonest (honesty)to lie about one's age.解析：句意：谎报自己的年龄是不诚实的。
19．The injured man was incapable (capable)of walking, so he had to be carried.解析：句意：那个受伤的人不能走路，所以他得被人背着。
20．He was unable (ability)to sleep at night because of his anxiety.解析：句意：由于焦虑，晚上他不能入睡。
Ⅱ.用所给词的正确形式填空导学号 580828781．The Chinese people are very friendly (friend) to foreigners.解析：空处应填friend的形容词形式。
2．I think it'll be sunny (sun)this afternoon.解析：空处应填形容词作表语。
3．David moved cautiously (caution) forward.解析：句意：大卫小心翼翼地往前挪。
4．Without reform, social and economic problems can only be worse (bad)．解析：句意：没有改革，社会和经济问题只会每况愈下。
5．The teacher gave them instructions (instruct)to arrive early tomorrow morning.解析：句意：老师命令他们明天早晨要早到。
6．Excessive dosage(剂量)of this drug can result in injury (injure)to the liver.解析：名词injury表示“伤害”。
7．“Thank you.” is a polite expression (express) which is widely used in English.解析：a polite expression表示“一种礼貌的表达”。
8．He bravely (brave)went into the burning house to rescue the baby. Everybody present praised him for his bravery (brave)．解析：第一空用副词修饰动词；第二空前有物主代词his，后面用名词。
9．Most Chinese like drinking tea, while Americans (America) like coffee.解析：Americans与前一句中Chinese相呼应。
10．More and more people go in for sports in modern times (time)．解析：in modern/ancient times“在现代/古代”，为固定搭配。
11．Nice to meet you, Tom. Did you have a good flight (fly)?解析：形容词后接名词。
12．Too much hunting endangered (danger) many species in the past.解析：动词作谓语，根据in the past可知用一般过去时。
13．Harry Potter is a boy who is full of imagination (imagine)．解析：名词imagination表示“想像力”。
14．After graduation/graduating (graduate), he left China for America for further study.解析：介词后接名词或动名词。
15．If you want to go traveling (travel), you'd better get everything ready in advance.解析：go traveling/swimming/fishing/camping/shopping等为固定结构。
16．Which means of transportation (transport) will you use if you travel to Beijing?解析：means of transportation“交通方式”。
17．You should assume that the winners (win) would receive big money but they only got a certificate.解析：从后而的they可以看出，此处指“获胜者”，并且要用复数。
18. Surprisingly (surprise), he should lose his temper in public.解析：副词surprisingly表示“令人吃惊地”，修饰整个句子。
19. Unexpectedly (expect), the injured athlete came first in the 100－meter dash.解析：副词unexpectedly表示“出人意料地”，修饰整个句子。
20．The fish is a bit smelly (smell). We can't eat it.解析：be动词后用形容词。
smelly“臭的”。
21．Look up the meaning (mean)of the word in the dictionary.解析：名词meaning表示“意思”。
22．New scientific (science) discoveries are being made at an increasing speed.解析：形容词scientific表示“科学的”。
23．The mother undressed (dress) her baby and gave it a bath.解析：动词undress表示“脱衣”，与gave一致，用过去时。
24．The scenery of Zhangjiajie is so attractive (attract) that many tourists go there every year.解析：形容词attractive表示“迷人的”。
25．The farmer was bitten to death by poisonous (poison) snakes.解析：形容词poisonous表示“有毒的”。