中考英语专题强化训练之构词法

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初中英语中考复习构词法讲解(合成法+派生法+转化法)

中考英语构词法1.合成法由两个或两个以上的词合成一个新词，这种构词法叫做合成法。

2.派生法在一个单词前面或后面加上一个词缀构成新词，这种构词法叫作派生法。

加在单词前的词缀叫前缀，加在后面的词缀叫后缀，前缀改变词意，后缀改变词性。

【注意】形容词＋-ly构成副词real- really,usual-usually,final- finally名词＋-ly构成形容词friend-friendlylove-lovely3.转化法一个单词由一种词类转换为另一种词类。

单词转化后的意义往往与之前的意义联系密切。

(1)名词转化为动词show(n.)展览展示→show (v.) 表演展出hand(n.)手→ hand (v.)交给water(n.) 水→water (v.) 浇水colour(n.) 颜色→colour (v.) 给……着色(2)形容词转化为动词slow(adj.) 慢的→ slow(v.) 放慢clean (adj.) 干净的→clean (v.) 把……弄干净dry (adj.) 干的→ dry (v.) 使……变干empty (adj.) 空的→empty (v.) 使……变空(3)动词转化为名词walk(v.)步行→ walk (n.) 散步look (v.) 看→look (n.) 相貌常见的词型变化A.名词后加“y”变成形容词1.sun—sunny2.wind—windy3.cloud—cloudy4.rain—rainy5.snow—snowy6.fun—funny7.noise—noisy8.ice—icyB.名词后加“-ful”或“-less”变成形容词1.care—careful(小心的)—careless(粗心的)e—useful(有用的)—useless(无用的)3.help-helpful(有帮助的)-helpless(无帮助的)4.harm-harmful(有害的)-harmless(无害的)C. 名词后加“-ern”变成形容词1.east—eastern(东方的)2.west—western(西方的)3.south—southern(南方的)4.north—northern(北方的)D.名词后加“-al”变成形容词1.person—personal (个人的)cation—educational(有教育意义的)3.tradition—traditional(传统的)4.medicine—medical(医学的)E.名词后加“-ed”或“d”变成形容词1.talent—talented(有才能的)2.balance—balanced(均衡的)H.名词后加“-en”变成形容词1.wool—woollen(羊毛的)2.wood—wooden(木制的)I.名词转化为形容词的不规则变化1.energy—energetic (有活力的)2.athlete—athletic(体育运动的)3.hunger—hungry (饥饿的)4.pride—proud(自豪的)5.death—dead (死的)6.science—scientific (科学的)7.knowledge—knowledgeable (有知识的)8.anger—angry (生气的)9.Africa—African (非洲的)10.America—American(美国的) 11.Brazil—Brazilian(巴西的)12.Canada—Canadian(加拿大的)13.Italy—Italian(意大利的)14.Russia—Russian(俄罗斯的)15.Swede—Sweden(瑞士的)16.France—French(法国的)17.China—Chinese(中国的)18.England—English(英国的)19.Japan—Japanese (日本的)20. Britain—British (英国的)J.动词变名词1.teach—teacher (教师)2.drive—driver(司机)3.write—writer(作家)4.dance—dancer(舞蹈家)5.win—winner (获胜者)6.run—runner(赛跑者)7.visit—visitor (参观者)8.invent—inventor(发明家)9. translate—translator(翻译家)cate—educator(教育家)11. describe—description(描述) 12.predict—prediction(预言)13.collect—collection(收藏)14.decide—decision(决定)15.build—building(建筑物)16.mean—meaning(意思)17.die—death(死亡)18.fly—flight (飞行)19.know—knowledge(知识)20.please—pleasure(高兴)21. pronounce—pronunciation(发音)22.mix—mixture(混合物)K. 动词变形容词1.please-pleasing(令人高兴)-pleased(感到高兴的)2.surprise-surprising(令人惊讶的)-surprised(感到惊讶的)3.excite-exciting(令人兴奋的)—excited(感到兴奋的)4.interest-interesting(令人感兴趣的)-interested(感兴趣的)5.worry-worrying(令人担忧的)-worried(感到担忧的)(类似单词有：amaze, annoy, bore, disappoint, embarrass, frustrate, relax, terrify, thrill, tire等)L.形容词的变化1)形容词变副词quick—quickly(迅速地)strong—strongly(强烈地)heavy—heavily(重重地)angry—angrily(生气地)healthy—healthily(健康地)noisy—noisily(吵闹地)terrible—terribly(可怕地)possible—possibly(可能地)2)形容词变名词kind—kindness(善良)happy—happiness(幸福)warm—warmth(温暖)safe—safety(安全)confident—confidence(信心)important—importance(重要性)different—difference(差异)true—truth(真理)long—length(长度)honest—honesty(诚实)。

完整版)初中英语常用构词法归纳

完整版)初中英语常用构词法归纳___ Word ___r high school students can use word ___。

students are required to be familiar with the common word n in r high school English。

including their ___。

The following is a summary of the key word n methods in r high school。

hoping that teachers and students can read and master them carefully。

___.pounding___ still thriving in modern English。

and many new words are composed of existing words。

1) ___ → NounBasket (basket) + Ball (ball) → BasketballBook (book) + Shop (store) → BookshopBook (book) + Store (store) → BookstoreHouse (house) + Work (labor) → HouseworkHome (home) + Work (work) → Homework2) Adjective + Noun → NounBlack (black) + Board (board) → Blackboard English (British) + Man (person) → Englishman Loud (loud) + Speaker (speaker) → Loudspeaker3) ___ → Noun (or Adjective)After (after) + Noon (noon) → AfternoonUnder (under) + Ground (ground) → Underground4) Noun + Past Participle → AdjectiveMan (person) + Made (made) → Man-made5) Noun (Adjective) + Noun + ed → Adjective Glass (glass) + Topped (topped) → pedKind (kind) + Hearted (heart) → Kind-hearted6) Adverb + Noun → nIn (inside) + Side (side) → InsideDown (down) + Stairs (stairs) → Downstairs2.___n is the process of adding suffixes or prefixes to the root of a word to form a new word。

中考英语词汇复习技巧(全)

中考英语词汇复习技巧+中考英语提分策略一、利用构词法复习词汇。

英语中有些词是在原词的基础上，加前缀和后缀派生出来的词汇。

（1）由前缀un-（"不"）构成的单词有：happy（快乐）—unhappy (不快乐、不愉快)，like（象）—unlike（不象），usual（平常的）—unusual（不平常的），true（真实的）—untrue（不真实的、假的）等等。

（2）由后缀-er（人）构成的词汇有：work（工作）—worker（工人），teach （教）—teacher（教师），farm（农场）—farmer（农民），drive（驾驶）—driver（驾驶员、司机），speak（说）—speaker（发言人、扬声器），read（读）—reader（读者），write（写）—writer（作者）等等。

（3）由后缀-y（……的）构成的词汇有：sun（太阳）—sunny（晴朗的），rain（雨）—rainy(多雨的），wind（风）—windy（多风的），snow（雪）—snowy（多雪的），cloud（云）—cloudy（多云的），health（健康）—healthy（健康的）等等。

（4）有后缀-ly（……地）构成的词汇有：quick（快的，迅速的）—quickly （迅速地），slow（慢）—slowly（慢慢地），kind（友好的）—kindly（友好地），happy（高兴的）—happily（高兴地），等等。

（5）有后缀-ful（……的）构成的词汇有：care（小心）—careful（小心的，仔细的），use（用途）—useful（有用的），hope（希望）—hopeful（大有希望的），thank（感谢）—thankful（感激的），help（帮助）—helpful （有帮助的、有益的），forget（忘记）—forgetful（健忘的）等等。

二、利用同音词复习词汇。

在人教版初中英语教材中出现了许多读音相同而意义不同的词，将其归纳起来集中复习，可以起到事半功倍的效果，如：for（为）—four（四），no（不）—know（知道），new（新的）—knew(know的过去式）（知道），see （看见）—sea（海），right（对）—write（写），our（我们的）—hour （小时），by（被、由）—bye（再见）—buy（买），meat（肉）—meet （会见），I（我）—eye（眼睛），son（儿子）—sun（太阳），two（二）—too（太、也）等等。

构词法之派生法(教学设计)中考英语

构词法之派生法重/难点重点：了解并掌握构词法中的派生法的概念和常见派生词。

难点：在语言实践中学会运用词根、词缀正确辨认和运用派生词。

重/难点分析重点分析：在词根前面加前缀，或在词根后面加后缀，构成一个与原单词意义相近或截然相反的新词，叫做派生法。

派生分为前缀和后缀。

前缀通常只改变词义，不改变词性。

后缀通常只改变词性，构成意思相近的其他词性的词。

难点分析：派生词有的加前缀，有的加后缀。

其中否定前缀就包括多种不同的形式，有些后缀分别表示不同的意义，这就给学习和运用派生词带来困难。

因此，在语言实践中学会运用词根、词缀正确辨认和运用派生词是学习的难点。

突破策略1. 在导入阶段，可以采用图片的形式导入。

比如，教师可以选用孔子名言的图片，教师呈现图片后，对图片内容进行描述“As Confucius put it, learning without thought is useless; thought without learning is dangerous. ”然后，教师指出：句中useless 和dangerous都是派生词。

那么，什么是派生词呢？在词根前面加前缀，或在词根后面加后缀，构成一个与原单词意义相近或截然相反的新词，叫做派生法。

派生分为前缀和后缀。

前缀通常只改变词义，不改变词性。

后缀通常只改变词性，构成意思相近的其他词性的词。

下面通过例句一起来学习构词法中的派生法。

2. 在语言感悟阶段，教师可以先提供例句，指出例句中派生词的构成，然后，和学生一起总结归纳该类派生词的构成和常用词汇，以此扩大词汇量。

课堂教学活动要体现学生的主体性，给学生留出足够的时间去讨论、归纳、总结。

在总结过程中，教师可以让学生先进行小组讨论，然后进行提问或者抢答，让学生说出相关派生词，教师要及时点拨。

当然，教师要及时肯定和表扬做得好的个人和小组，这也能够给学生带来学习的成就感，以此提高学生的课堂参与度与学习兴趣。

下面来分享中学时期的一次写作经历。

中考英语专题-词汇运用

中考英语专题-词汇运用易错清单一、考点分析词汇运用试题主要是考查学生对单词的拼写能力、词形变化和语法知识运用以及词组辨别能力等。

试题通常以语篇、对话或句子的形式出现,测试内容以实词为主,虚词很少。

这一题型中所给的词几乎覆盖了所有的词性,比如名词、动词、形容词、数词、量词、代词、副词等。

填空时要考虑名词的单复数、动词的第三人称单数、现在分词、过去分词;形容词、副词的比较等级;数词的基数词、序数词等。

测试题型可以归为两大类:单词拼写和词形填空。

其中单词拼写一般有两种题型:①根据句意及首字母提示填写所缺单词;②根据句意及汉语提示填写所缺单词。

词形填空也包括两种题型:①用所给词的适当形式填空;②选词并用其适当形式填空。

二、构词法英语构词方法主要有三种:即合成、派生和转化。

(一)转化英语单词的词性非常活跃,名词用作动词,动词转化为名词,形容词用作动词等现象非常普遍,这种把一种词性用作另一种词性的方式就叫做词性的转化。

阅读中经常出现转化词,只要抓住单词的原始意思,结合句子成分,就容易弄清它们的引申义。

1. 动词和名词之间的相互转化。

有时意思变化不大,有时有一定的变化。

1)动词转化为名词。

如:Shall we go out for a drive next Sunday? 下个星期天咱们出去驱车旅行,好吗?句中的drive由动词转化为名词(词意引申为“驱车旅行”)。

如:I often go there for a walk. 我经常去那里散步。

(句中walk由动词转化为名词)2)名词转化为动词。

如:Have you booked your ticket? 你的票订好了吗?(句中book由名词转化为动词,词意引申为“订购”)Hand me your knife, please. 请把你的刀子递给我。

(句中hand由名词转化为动词,词意引申为“传递”)2. 少部分形容词转化为动词。

如:The train slowed down to half its speed. 火车速度减慢了一半。

山东淄博专版2020届中考英语复习方案第二篇语法专题突破专题09构词法试题及解析

语法专题训练(九) 构词法(限时:30分钟)根据句子意思,用括号中所给单词的正确形式填空。

1.All the girls were breathing (heavy) after the 800-metre race.2.Don't pour the (pollute) water everywhere, or you'll be punished.3.It's (polite) of you to shout at others in public.You must have good manners.4.—Are there any (different) between the two sentences?—Sorry, I don't know.5.The more (careful) you work, the more mistakes you will make.6.The kids seem very (satisfy) with themselves.7.After class, children should go out of their classroom to enjoy the (warm) of the sun.8.In China, most of the (north) people like to eat dumplings.9.I like reading and writing, and I want to be a (write) when I grow up.10.My father is very (humour) and often makes us laugh.11.At the class meeting, our teacher gave us quite a few (suggest) on how to get on well with each other.12.Mr Dean was (thank) to the policeman who had helped his kids arrive safely.13.Mary and Tony are a pair of pet pigs. The two have recently got a special license so that their (own) can take them for a walk.14.My mother is (care) and sometimes she leaves the house with the door open.15.A person who doesn't like fishing usually looks (patient) in doing his work.16.He's very excited about the (possible) of playing for England's first team.17.With the money we have (success) sent many poor children to school.18.We have made a (decide) to climb the mountain tomorrow.19.China is now working (close) with many foreign countries to practise “the Belt and Road Initiative(一带一路倡议)”.20.Don't take the magazines away. They are for that (science).21.All their efforts seemed (help), so they decided to give it up.22.The (nation) Day of China has become a 7-day holiday for people to travel and relax.23.Don't use the lift when you escape from a high (build) during a fire.24.Tom likes China because Chinese people are (friend).25.Henry is a(n) (honest) boy, so all of his friends hate to play with him.26. (luck), this man lost his wife and two children in the earthquake.27.We are sad about the (pollute) of our environment.28.Nick's mother worries about his (healthy) lifestyle, though he is a college student.29.Qi Baishi was one of the most famous (art) in China.30.To complete the work, he drank some coffee to keep himself (wake).31.All the people in the world wish to enjoy a beautiful and (peace) life.32.We are still (sure) now if my friend will visit me.33.Once a week my business suit is (smooth) ironed.34.Wild animals which are now in danger need our (protect).35.What a pity! Sue lost the game because the (weigh) of her shoes made it difficult for her to run fast.36.Would you mind giving me some (advise) on how to plant trees?37.It is (polite) to keep others waiting in many Western countries.38.Ben was very (luck) to have a “dog helper”.39.Mobike is considered to be a new (invent) in China.40.The mother said goodbye with a smile, but her eyes couldn't hide her (sad).41.If you don't have a deep love for something, don't be (satisfy) until you find one.42.I felt (relax) lying in the sun on the beach.43.Have you ever cut your finger on the edge of a book page? The small cut on your finger is so (pain).44.There are about 6,000 languages that are spoken around the world, but 43% of them are dying out. If no (act) is taken, some of these languages will disappear.45.Our team lost the game because we played very (bad).46.Greenhouse gases are (harm) to the environment.47.Every year many foreign (tour) come to visit the Great Wall of China.48.Which is more (value) to you, health or wealth?49.For your own (safe), please do not walk about on the plane.50.One needs three things to be (true) happy in life: something to do, someone to love andsomething to expect.51.It's (danger) to play with fire.52.More and more people have realized the (important) of China-Russia Heihe Bridge.53.Many foreigners, including (Australia), are visiting Expo 2019, Beijing(北京世园会).54.As we know, HUAWEI technology has been developing (rapid).55.—Uncle John seems to be more (cheer)today.—Yeah. He's got his favourite stamp.56.China has made great (achieve) since it opened its doors to the outside world.57.Nanjing is developing so (quick) that more and more graduates choose to work here.58.I think I can work out the problem without (difficult).59.It is still (know) whether all the students in our class have passed the exam.60.Mark was the (win) of the competition.61.The new flyovers(立交桥) close to our school will be in (serve) next year.62.In the modern world, we should pay more attention to food. We should try to enjoy a better and (health) diet.63.The passage is about the (introduce) to this new kind of machine.64.The cups are (special) designed for the disabled.65.What can we do (improve) our living conditions?66.It's cool and (sun) in autumn in our hometown.67.David fell (sleep) in class because he stayed up too late last night.68.We can't walk (cross) the street when the traffic light is red.69.Smiles on the (swim) faces showed how they enjoyed the race.70.The UK is an old (Europe) country, where there are many palaces and castles.71.Andy is a(n) (active) boy. He seldom takes part in activities.72.If humans do nothing, the small island will (appear) soon.73.The film is directed by Samuel, one of the new (direct).74.I often (mistake) Lily for her twin sister Lucy.75.ORBIS is one the (internation) charities.【参考答案】1.heavily2.polluted3.impolite4.differences5.carelessly6.satisfied7.warmth 8.northern 9.writer10.humorous 11.suggestions 12.thankful13.owner(s) 14.careless 15.impatient16.possibility 17.successfully 18.decision19.closely 20.scientist 21.helpless22.National 23.building 24.friendly25.dishonest 26.Unluckily27.pollution 28.unhealthy29.artists 30.awake 31.peaceful32.unsure 33.smoothly 34.protection35.weight 36.advice 37.impolite38.lucky 39.invention 40.sadness41.satisfied 42.relaxed 43.painful44.action 45.badly 46.harmful47.tourists 48.valuable 49.safety50.truly 51.dangerous 52.importance53.Australians 54.rapidly 55.disabled56.achievements 57.quickly 58.difficulty59.unknown 60.winner 61.service62.healthy 63.introduction 64.specially65.to improve 66.sunny 67.asleep68.across 69.swimmers' 70.European71.inactive 72.disappear 73.directors74.mistake 75.international赠送：初中英语代词Ⅰ.词汇运用。

中考英语构词法专项解析和考点精练

中考英语构词法专项解析和考点精练英语中最基本的构词法有三种：派生、合成和转化。

另外，缩写和简写也是构词发的一种。

一、派生法派生法是给一个单词（词根）加上前缀或后缀，构成一个新单词的构词法。

前缀：加在词根前面的构成部分叫前缀，它一般不改变原词的词性，只改变词义。

后缀：加在词根后面的的构成部分叫后缀，它一般改变原词的词性，同时也改变词义。

(一) 前缀1. anti- 反对 antiwar 反战的（the Anti-Japanese War 抗日战争）antisocial 反社会的2. bi- 双 bicycle 自行车3. co- 共同 cooperation 合作 coworker 同事4. dis- 否定 discover 发现 disbelief 不相信，怀疑disabled 残疾的，有缺陷的 dislike 不喜欢，厌恶5.en- 使成为 encourage 鼓励 enable 使能够 enrich 使丰富6.fore- 先；前；预 forecast 预报（weather forecast 天气预报）forehead 前额；前部 forearm 前臂、7.for- 禁；弃 forbid 禁止（Forbidden City 紫禁城） forgive 原谅；饶恕forget 忘记8. inter- 互相；间 internet 互谅网 international 国际的 interview 会见9. mid- 中 midday 中午 midnight 半夜 mid-autumn 中秋的10. mis- 误 misunderstand 误会 mistake 错误 misfortune 不辛11. re- 重；复 rewrite 重写 retell 复述 review 复习12. super- 超 supermarket 超级市场 superman 超人13. tele- 远 telephone 电话 television 电视14. un- 不 unable 不能的 unimportant 不重要的unbelievable 不可相信的；令人难以置信的(二) 后缀1. -an 人 African 非洲人 American 美国人 Italian 意大利人2. –er 人 worker 工人 teacher 教师 writer 作家3. –ful 充满 peaceful 和平的 careful 小心的4. -hood 身份 childhood 童年 neighborhood 邻里5. –ian 人 musician 音乐家 Canadian 加拿大人 Indian 印度人6. –ment 运动；结果 development 发展 movement 运动7. -ly 的；品质 friendly 有好的 weekly 每周的8. -ness 性质 kindness 和善 carelessness 粗心 illness 疾病9. –ship 身份；状态 friendship 友谊 hardship 苦难10. -less 无 useless 无用的 careless 不小心的 homeless 无家可归的11. -tion 状态 action 行动 pollution 污染12. -ity (抽象名词) ability 能力 possibility 可能性13. -sion 状态 decision 决定 discussion 讨论14. –ist 家 artist 艺术节 pianist 钢琴家scientist 科学家 dentist 牙科医生二、合成法合成法是把两个或两个以上的单词合成一个新单词的构词法。

中考英语复习第二轮-构词法1

encourage 鼓励 international 国际的 internet 互联网 awake 醒来的 afraid 害怕的 enjoy 欣赏；享受
reuse 再使用 subway 地铁 subtitle 副标题 telephone 电话 television 电视 recovery 恢复
adj.＋adj. lightblue 浅蓝色的 dark-purple 深紫色 pale-yellow 浅黄色的 adj.＋v.ing goodlooking 长相好的 hard-working 勤奋的 v．＋adv seethrough 透明的 adv.＋adj. evergreen 常青的
act 表演，行动—action 行动，情节—actor 演员—actress 女演员 calculate 计算—calculator 计算器—calculation 计算 assist 帮助—assistant 助手 sad 伤心的—sadness 难过 carry 背，扛—carriage 运输 celebrate 庆祝—celebration 庆祝
compete 竞赛—competition 竞赛 consider 考虑—consideration 考虑 consume 消耗—consumer 消费者 convenient 方便的—convenience 便利 create 创造—creature 生物 decide 决定—decision 决定 describe 描述—description 描述
(1)构成名词的后缀： -ence, age, ure, (a)n (某地人), ant (从事……的人), y/ity, er/or/ian (从事……的人), ese (某地人), ess (雌性), ful (一……的量), ian (精通……的人), ist (专业人员), ment (性质，状态), ness (性质，状态), sion/ tion/ation (动作，过程等), ware (与电脑相关的), ce (由-t 变化的名词)

2025年中考英语复习语法专题+-构词法课件

vacation.
9.To be an artist (art) is my brother's dream.
பைடு நூலகம்
10.Without thinking about his own safety (safe)，the fireman rushed into the fire. 11.Many young people often share their daily (day) life on TikTok. 12.—What does UNECEF do for children in poor areas? —It provides basic education (educate) for them. 13. If you don't go on a diet, it is impossible (possible) for you to lose weight. 14.When you do your homework, you need to write carefully (careful). 15.For Tony,nothing is more enjoyable (enjoy) than playing tennis.
二、语法填空。 My favorite teacher is Mr. Zhao. He has made a big 1.difference (different)
in my life. I was 2. really (real) shy and nervous on the first day at school. 3. But Mr. Zhao was so friendly that I soon forgot about that. 4. Inhis first class, he asked us to draw a picture of 5. ourselves (our).

01 构词法要点呈现与讲解-备战2023年中考英语一轮复习语法知识+语篇能力双清(通用版)

有创造力的
后缀
例词
useless无用的；careless粗心的；meaningless无 less
意义的
friendly友好的；deadly致命的；weekly每星期 ly
的
dangerous危险的；glorious光荣的；famous著 ous/ious
名的
ward downward向下的；backward向后的
newborn新生的
构成方式
例词
副词＋现 hardworking勤劳的；farreaching意义深远在分词的
名词＋现 peaceloving热爱和平的；epochmaking划时在分词代的
名词＋过 stateowned国有的；heartfelt由衷的；去分词 radioequipped装备有无线电的
在……下，次于， subway地(下)道，地铁；
sub
低于
submarine潜水艇Fra bibliotekinter
相互，之间
international国际的；interact 相互作用
前缀
含义
例词
semi
半 semifinal半决赛；semicircle半圆
multi kilo centi
multinational多国的；multi多，多种
构成方式
例词
形容词＋名 kindhearted心肠好的；coldblooded冷血的；
词＋ed
nobleminded高尚的
形容词＋现 goodlooking好看的；easygoing脾气随和的；
在分词
finesounding动听的
形容词＋过 readymade现成的；highborn出身高贵的；

中考英语二轮复习题构词法有答案解析

2015年中考英语复习二轮专项练习—构词法练习1．– Is there a bridge over the river？– Yes， there is ______ bridge over it.A。

a 800—metres—long B. an 800-metres-longC. a 800-metre—long D。

an 800-metre-long2． ---—Do you know the result of the ________ race？——-—Yes。

The winner is a boy ________ Lin Feng from Class 4.A。

100-metres, called B。

100—metre; callingC。

100-metre； called D。

100—metres, calling3．There are many shops on ______ side of the busy street。

A. everyB. eachC. both D。

all4．The soft music sounds ________. We are all listening ________.A。

happily; careful B. beautifully； carefullyC。

moving； careful D. beautiful； carefully5．It has been sunny these days， so I ______ it ______ tomorrow。

A. think ， won’t rain B。

don’t think， will rainC。

think ，doesn’t rain D. don’t think , rains6． His failure made his father think him a ___________ boy.A。

中考英语必考构词法之合成法

中考英语必考构词法之合成法在语言发展的最初阶段，人们使用的是少量而简单的词汇，这些词汇只表示日常简单的事物和概念，称为原生词，也叫基本词或词根词。

而所谓的构词法就是在这些词根词的基础上，按照语言一定的规律创造新词的方法。

在初中英语阶段，学生需要掌握四种常见的构词法，即：合成法、派生法、转化法和首字母缩略法。

一、合成法所谓合成法，是指把两个或两个以上的单词组合起来构成新的单词，如此产生的单词叫做合成词。

合成词的构词分多种情况：（一）合成名词合成名词也分为多种情况：1、名词+名词foot（脚）+ball（球）→football（足球）house（房子）+work（工作）→housework（家务）【注意】有的单词合成之后，意思会发生变化，如：dust（灰尘）+man（人）→ dustman（清洁工）light（灯光）+house（房子）→lighthouse（灯塔）2、形容词+名词English（英国的）+man（人）→Englishman（英国人）gentle（温柔的）+man（人）→gentleman（绅士）【注意】有的单词合成之后，意思会发生变化，如：loud（大声的）+speaker（说话者）→loudspeaker（扬声器）3、动名词＋名词这类单词张的动名词主要用来说明该名词的用途，而且两个单词之间既可以用连字符连起来，也可以分开写，如：reading（阅读）+room（房间）→reading-room / reading room（阅览室）flying（飞）+fish（鱼）→flying-fish /flying fish（飞鱼）【注意】有的单词合成后，意思也会发生变化，如：running（跑步）+water（水）→running water（自来水）4、名词＋动名词story（故事）+telling（告诉）→story-tellingr（讲故事）letter（信件）+writing（写）→letter-writing（写信）【注意】有的单词合成后，意思会发生变化，如：hand（手）+writing（写）→handwriting（书写）5、介词+名词after（在后）+noon（正午）→afternoon（下午）down（向下）+stairs（阶梯）→downstairs（楼下）【注意】有的单词合成后，意思会发生变化，如：under（在下面）+ground（地面）→ underground（地铁）6、代词+名词she（她）+wolf（狼）→she-wolf（母狼）7、名词+动词day（白天）+break（打破）→daybreak（破晓）8、动词+名词type（打字）+writer（作者）→typewriter（打字机）9、副词+动词out（在外）+break（打破）→outbreak（爆发）10、名词＋介词＋名词editor（编辑）+in（在里面）+chief （主要的）→editor-in-chief（总编辑）（二）合成形容词1、名词+现在分词/过去分词man（人）+made（做）→ man-made（人造的）heart（心）+breaking→heart-breaking（伤心的）2、名词/形容词+名词+edglass（玻璃）+roofed（屋顶）→glass-roofed（玻璃屋顶）warm（暖和的）+hearted→warm-hearted（好心的）3、名词+形容词snow（雪）+white（白色的）→snowhite（雪白的）4、名词＋to＋名词face（脸）+to（对着）+face（脸）→face-to-face（面对面的）5、数词+名词one（一）+way（道路）→one-way （单行的）6、数词＋名词＋形容词two（二）+year（年）+old（老的）→two-year-old（两岁的）7、数词+名词+edthree（三）+storey（楼层）+ed→three-storeyed（三层的）8、动词+副词see（看见）+through（穿过）→see-through（透明的）9、形容词+名词high（高的）+class（阶层）→high-class（高级的）（三）合成介词这种合成词不多见，一般是由“副词+名词”构成，如：in（在里面）+side（边）→inside（在里面）out（在外面）+side（边）→outside （在外面）（四）合成副词1、形容词＋名词hot（热的）+foot（脚）→hotfoot（匆忙地）2、形容词＋副词every（每个）+where（哪里）→everywhere（到处）3、副词＋副词how（怎么）+ever（曾经）→however （然而）4、介词＋名词before（在前面）+hand（手）→beforehand（提前）5、介词＋副词for（为了）+ever（曾经）→forever（永远）（五）合成代词这类词主要指反身代词和不定代词，如：1、人称代词宾格＋selfher（她）+self（自己）→herself（她自己）2、物主代词＋selfmy（我的）+self（自己）→myself（我自己）【注意】其复数形式为self改为selves，如：ourselves、yourselves、themselves。

2019中考英语构词法填空练习 (1)含答案

备战中考英语构词法填空练习1.The girl looks beautiful in the ______(shine) red silk.2.Jay sang the song________(beautiful).3.The water in the river is_______(harm)You can drink it without cooking.4.Can you tell me the ______(mean) of this word?5.The Green family had a ______(delight) holiday last week.6.Spring Festival is one of the most important ________(tradition) festivals in China.7.When did people start the tradition of ________(share) mooncakes with their families?8.He ________(shoot) down an apple on the tree with a stone just now.9.The story of White Snake is the most ________(touch).10.________(who)leaves the room last should turn off the lights.11.The story happened in a ________(haunt)house.12.I believe you can find a good hotel in the ________(neighbor).13.Tom ________(put)some flowers on the table just now.14.The world “reach” ________(mean)“get to”.15.Which festival do you think is the ________(popular)in China?16.The room was not tidy Clothes were ________(lie)all over the floor.17.When Frank found his cat was ________(die)，he cried.18.Nelly got many beautiful ________(present)on her birthday.19.Put on this coat and it will give you ________(warm).20.The old man ________(warn)us to keep away from the dangerous dog.21.________(who)did you give the book to?22.It's ________(polite)not to say “goodbye” to your teacher when you leave the classroom.23.The ________(speak)gave us a good speech last week.24.We have seven ________(course)this term.25.Can you tell me which ________(direct)your room faces?26.February is the _________(two) month of the year.27..Tom runs_________(fast ) than Bill.28..The ChangJiang River is the_________(long ) river in China.29..I have a best friend__________(call) Lily.30..We won’t play football if it________(rain).31..Brian enjoys________(sell) cookies.32..He needs to buy some________(supply) at the weekends.33..My father asked me________(water) the flower just now.34..Suddenly, Danny heard someone __________(say) something.35..He has ________(thousand) of students in his whole life.36.The robot will __________(design) to do most of housework for human in the near future.37.The party yesterday was a big __________(succeed)Everyone had a good time.38.When you have difficulty___________(solve) the problems, please ask me for help.39.I think it___________(danger) for children to be close to wild animals.40.Tom is a kind boyHe is always ___________(friend) to others.41..There are ________ (difference) between British English and Australian English.42..If you want to make yourself ________(understand), you should speak clearly and slowly.43..Speech is the fastest method of _________ (communicate) between people.44..The place of interest is visited by millions of ________(tourist).45..With ________(who) do you often practice your English?46.We should try our best to help the _______(able) people47.As an ________(experience) teacher, he always has ways to make his class lively.48.MrKing’s son has come to China for__________(far) study.49.The old men do exercises every day to improve their_______(fit).50.The government should do something to help those______(home) people.51.His father is much _______ (old) than his uncle.52.I think July is _______（hot）than any other month in our country It’s _______（hot）month of the year.53.In England, it’s very cold in February It’s the _______（bad）month of the year.54.Spring is the _______（good）time to plant trees.55.Mike is _______ (tall) than any other student He is _______ (tall) student in his class56.There are many famous _________(predict) that never came true57.It's i_________ for me to be there before eight o'clock58.I have _________(little) money than you59.Today many children are under too much _________(press)60.Parents should give their children more time and _________(free) to relax61..English is regarded as an ________(internationally) language.62..He has been ________(die) for two years We still miss him.63..His ________(pronounce) has improved，but he still does much practice every day.64..France and Germany are both ________(Europe) countries.65..It is a good ________(choose) for Millie to study Chinese history in Beijing.66.After a whole day's effort，most animals in the zoo have been moved to ________(safe).67.Some movie stars even get their noses ________(pierce).68.His idea sounds too silly，I ________(agree)with him.69.You need to ________(finish)the work before you leave.70.She was very excited about ________(win)the first prize.71.Some people like reading on Wechat, but __________ don’t(other)72.Cut the strawberries into pieces and put __________ into the yogurt(they)73.The day was __________, but the sun was trying to come through(cloud)74.I’m thankful to the teacher for her__________ on my interview(suggest)75.It’s our responsibility to make the sky __________than before(clear)cation is one of the most powerful ways to __________ one’s mind(rich)77.I think it’s __________ to judge a person before you really know him(fair)78.__________, the famous temple was not damaged in the earthquake(luck)79.Father's Day is on the (three) Sunday of June.80.The population in China is much (large) than that in Australia.81.I haven't seen Mary for a long timeI' m looking forward to (visit) her soon.82.Peter and Simon enjoyed (they) at the English party last night.83.We were discussing the details of the charity show when the teacher (come) into the classroom.84.Tom never does his homework as (good) as his cousin He makes a lot of mistakes.85.At the exhibition, the little boy's (invent) attracted many IT engineers.86.I was totally ____ (prepare) for the announcement that day and everything was in a mess.87.Make sure that good ______(behave) is rewarded.88.When you see the sign “No ________” in the library, you can’t smoke(smoke)89.Can you explain the dinosaurs’ _____________? (disappear)90.Window XP is used for ___________ computers.(person)91.Tomorrow is my uncle’s _____________ birthday.(forty)92.The man had an accident but now he is out of _______________.(dangerous)93.There are many policemen at the _______________of the Gate(enter)94.There is a “No ____________” sing in the garden.(spit)95.The mountain is _______________ with trees.(cover)96.This is called a ______________ dino saur, isn’t it?(feather)97.Don’t worry，Please speak in a ______________ voice.(nature)98.I like classical music and Beethoven is my favorite ________(music).99.My sister doesn't like ________(eat) anything because of a headache.100.Stick to ________(speak) English every day，and you'll find you are good at it soon.101.I prefer ________(go) swimming to having a picnic.102.I saw a lot of famous ________(sing) at the concert.103.There are not any ________(programmer) on TV now.104.Would you _______ (mind) me opening that door?105.Suddenly this _______ (dark) became terrible106.Where were the _______ (Australia) and Englishman watching TV?107.She _______ (pick) up the dictionary and began to look up the new word in it.108.Thanks for _________(invite) us to your birthday party．109.My mother tells me not to_____(ride) a bike on a rainy day.110.Don’t _________(worry) about thatIt’s nothing but a quiz.111.The girl is _________(worry) about her mother.112.That must ________(be) a lot ________(much)interesting than ________(ride) a bike.113.Everyone can see you are both__________ (complete) wrong.114.The play was really __________ (interest), so few people like it.115..The little boy was happy because a lot of people came to celebrate his _______ (twelve) birthday. 116.Jennifer borrowed my bike to go to have a picnic__________ (she) is broken.117.If you want to __________ (success), you must work harder.118..Shenzhen is one of __________ (beautiful) cities in China.119.Unluckily, Marry failed __________ (pass) the exam.120..She looked __________ (happy) when she heard the bad news.121..Penny is looking forward to __________ (get) the parcel from her father.122.Mike has got a fine ___________ (collect) of Chinese stamps.123.The girl gave her seat to an old woman very ________(polite).124.We know Lincoln is not only a president but also a great ________(speak).125.Can you help me buy some ________(grape) from the supermarket?126.The boy always spends much time ________(play) computer games every day.127.He answered the teacher's question ________(correct).128.Don't make so much ________(noisy).They're studying in the library.129.We can see some ________(policeman) in the picture.130.Many sheep were killed by ________(wolf) yesterday evening.131.I felt ________(easy) when I was interviewed by the reporter.132.The strange ________(happen) made everyone worried.133.The book mainly talks about the life of ________(Australia).134.My parents are always around meThey share my happiness and ________(sad) together.135.If you still feel ________(pain)，you should go and ask your doctor for advice.136.Soon they got ________(marry) last year and had two children.137.Zhang Guoli is an actor and he is also a ________(direct).138.The woman used to live a very lonely and ________(pain) life，but she has a happy life now. 139.Sandy，did you sense a strong ________(sad) and pain from the music?140.At first，we didn't think it was a ________(move) movie.141.The children _______(perform) a dance for the old people at People's Home They were very happy. 142.These old photos made me ________(call) my happy childhood in the country.参考答案shiny beautifully harmless meaning delightful traditional sharing shot touching Whoeverhaunted neighborhood put means most popular lying dead presents warmth warned.Whom .impolite .speaker .courses direction second fastest longest .called rains.selling suppies .to water say thousands be designed success solving dangerous friendly.differences. understood .communication .tourists .whom disabled experienced further fitness homeless older hotter；the hottest worst best taller; the tallest predictions impossible less pressure freedom.international .dead .pronunciation European .choice .safety .pierced .disagree .finish .winning.others .them cloudy suggestion(s) clearer enrich unfair Luckily Third .Larger .Visiting.Themselves .Came .Good .Invention .Prepared .Behaviorsmoking disappearance personal fortieth danger entrance spitting covered feathered natural musician eating speaking going singers programmers mind darkness Australian pickedinviting; ride; worry; worried; be...more...riding thanks for doing sth tell sbnot to do sth worry about be worried about riding .completely .uninteresting .twelfth .Hers .succeedthe most beautiful .to pass .unhappy .getting .collection politely speaker .grapes playing correctly noise policemen wolves uneasy happening Australians sadness painful married directorpainful sadness moving performed recall。

中考中考英语--构词法汇总及练习.-教师版doc (4)

中考中考英语--构词法汇总及练习.-教师版doc中考英语构词法汇总及练习一.概念英语的构词法主要有:合成法,转化法,派生法,混成法,截短法和词首字母缩略法.二.相关知识点精讲1.转化法英语中，有的名词可作动词，有的形容词可作副词或动词，这种把一种词性用作另一种词性而词形不变的方法叫作转化法。

1)动词转化为名词很多动词可以转化为名词，大多意思没有多大的变化(如下①)；有时意思有一定变化(如下②)；有的与一个动词和不定冠词构成短语，表示一个动作(如下③)。

例如：①Let's go out for a walk.我们到外面去散散步吧。

②He is a man of strong build.他是一个体格健壮的汉子。

③Let's have a swim.咱们游泳吧。

2)名词转化为动词很多表示物件(如下①)、身体部位(如下②)、某类人(如下③)的名词可以用作动词来表示动作，某些抽象名词(如下④)也可作动词。

例如：①Did you book a seat on the plane?你订好飞机座位了吗?②Please hand me the book.请把那本书递给我。

③She nursed her husband back to health.她看护丈夫，使他恢复了健康。

④We lunched together.我们在一起吃了午餐。

3)形容词转化为动词有少数形容词可以转化为动词。

例如：We will try our best to better our living conditions.我们要尽力改善我们的生活状况。

4)副词转化为动词有少数副词可以转化为动词。

例如：Murder will out.(谚语)恶事终必将败露。

5)形容词转化为名词表示颜色的形容词常可转化为名词(如下①)；某些形容词如old, young, poor, rich, wounded, injured等与the连用，表示一类人，作主语时，谓语用复数(如下②)。

中考英语专题讲练：合成法和派生法(解析版)

中考英语专题讲练：合成法和派生法(解析版)合成法和派生法知识精讲语言是随着人类社会的不断发展而发展的。

一些旧词的过时意味着需要人们创造出一些新的词，而新词的产生，也大体上服从一定规则，有其规律可循。

语言的这种“弃旧创新”不断完善和发展的过程体现出的就是一种规律——构词法（word-formation）英语的构词法主要有: 派生法，合成法，转化法，缩略法，混成法等，以前四种为主要。

一、派生法在词根前面加前缀或在词根后面加后缀构成一个与原单词意义相近或截然相反的新词叫作派生法。

1. 单词前缀单词前缀有一定含义，一定程度上决定单词方向，左右单词的意义，是最常见的造词手段之complete（完全的）incomplete（不完全的）dependent（需要依靠的）independent（独立的）regular（规则的）irregular（不规则的）removable（可移动的）irremovable（不可移动的）2). 动词前加“dis-”表示相反的意思。

如：like（喜欢）dislike（不喜欢）cover（覆盖）discover（发现）agree（同意）disagree（不同意）3). 动词前加“mis-”表示“弄错”的意思。

如：count（数数）miscount（数错）take（带走）mistake（错误）hear（听到）mishear（听错）4). 动词前加“re-”表示“重做”的意思。

如：write（写）rewrite（重写）tell（告诉）retell（重述）open（打开）reopen（再次打开）call（召唤）recall（唤起）build（建造）rebuild（重建）5). 名词前加“tele-”表示“远距离”的意思。

如：phone（电话,听筒）telephone（电话）vision（视力）television（电视）scope （范围） telescope （望远镜）2. 单词后缀单词后缀通常没有含义，只决定单词词性，常见的后缀有：后缀词性举例1.–ty 名词 density, ability2. -age 名词 storage, usage3. -al, -ial名词removal,propo sal4. -ance, -ence, -ancy, -ency名词importance,frequ ency5. -ant, -ent名词或形容词president, impor tant7. –er, -or名词（reader, comp……人）uter8. -th 名词length, width9. -ics名词（学科）electronics,physic s10. -sion, -tion 名词 construction,divisi on11. –ist 名词（……人）physicist, scienti st12. -ment 名词 movement,develo pment13. –ness 名词 hardness,useful ness14.-ful 形容词 useful,succes sful15. -able 形容词 countable,suitab le16. -ic, -ical 形容词 metallic,politic (al)17. -ive 形容词 active,produ ctive18. -less 形容词（否定）useless, limitle ss19. -y 形容词muddy, watery20. -fy 动词amplify,classify21. –ize 动词mechanize,organize22. –ate 动词create,illustrate23. -ly 副词slowly, possibly二、合成法将两个或两个以上的词结合成一个新词的方法称作合成法，用这种方法构成的词叫合成词。

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