人教版新教材高中英语必修一同步学案 1.4

Ⅰ.核心单词
Read the text on page 8 and then choose the best answer.
1．What does Ann love to do?
A．Dance B．Read short stories
C．Skate D．All of them.
答案：D
2．What does “You'll never see me without a book or a pen”mean?
A．He is a working student.
B．He can't live without a book or a pen.
C．He likes to take a pen and a book.
D．He wants to set a good example to his students.
答案：A
3．What is Ann's dream in the future?
A．Start her own IT company. B．Become an engineer.
C．Become a teacher. D．Become a writer.
答案：B
►第一板块|核心词汇诠释
1．look forward to 盼望；期待
(教材P6)Tom is looking forward to meeting the new exchange student.
汤姆盼望着见到新来的交换生。

look into 往……里看；调查
look on...as... 把……看作……
look out 当心；小心
look down on/upon 轻视，看不起
①I have been looking forward to having a chance to pay a visit to Huangshan.
我一直盼望能有机会去黄山观光。

②They are looking into the cause of the accident.他们正在调查事故的原因。

③We shouldn't look down upon the disabled; we should help them.
②Organise your thoughts before you begin to speak.把思绪理清楚再说话。

[即学即练]单句语法填空
(1)The evening party was well organised (organise) and everyone had a good time at it.
(2)International organisations (organise) such as UN should play a more important role in international affairs.
发散思维：加词缀-ation动词变名词荟萃：
(1)organise→organisation n.
组织；团体；机构
(2)explore→exploration n．探索
(3)produce →production n．生产
4.goal n．目标；球门；射门
(教材P7)I have learning goals and make plans for my English studies.
我有学习目标，为我的英语学习制订计划。

achieve one's goal 实现目标
learning goals 学习目标
①His goal is to get a good job and support his family.
他的目标是找到一份好工作，养家糊口。

②The footballer scored three goals and his team finally won the match.
那个足球运动员进了三个球，他的球队最终赢得了比赛。

[即学即练]单句写作
我决心不管有多难都要实现我的目标。

I'm determined to achieve_my_goal no matter how hard it is.
熟词生义：
goal n．射门，进球得分
make/score a goal进球
5.curious adj.好奇的；求知欲强的
(教材P8)I'm curious about everything.我对一切都很好奇。

(1)be curious about sth. 对某事感到好奇
be curious to do sth. 极想做某事
(2)curiosity n. 好奇心
out of curiosity 出于好奇
meet one's curiosity 满足某人的好奇心
(3)curiously ad v. 好奇地
①Chinese students are curious about the school life of American students.
中国学生对美国学生的校园生活感到好奇。

②I am curious to know how many satellites have been sent to space up to now.
我很想知道到目前为止有多少颗卫星被发射升空了。

[即学即练]补全句子/单句语法填空
(1)Out_of_curiosity (出于好奇), the man followed the guide into the hall.
出于好奇，这个人跟着导游进了大厅。

(2)The people looked at the strange boy curiously (curious)．
(3)Mr. White thinks that one of the teacher's tasks is to raise the students' curiosity (curious)．
(4)American students are curious about Chinese traditional culture.
巧学助记：
Children are always curious about everything they see and hear. They will ask all kinds of questions curiously. To meet their curiosity, we'd better answer them.
孩子们对所见所闻总是很好奇。

他们会好奇地问各种各样的问题。

为满足他们的好奇心，我们最好是回答这些问题。

►第二板块|重点句型解构
句型公式：either... or... 或者……或者……
If I'm not in class, I'm either in the library or in the computer lab.
如果我不在教室，我或者在图书馆或者在电脑室。

either... or... 或者……或者……
neither...nor... 既不……也不……
连接句中两个相同的句子成分；连接主语时，谓语动词遵循就近一致原则。

①Sightseeing is best done either by tour bus or by bicycles.
观光最好要么乘游览巴士，要么骑自行车。

②KunMing is a beautiful city, where it's neither too hot nor too cold all the year around.
昆明是个美丽的地方，一年四季既不太冷也不太热。

[即学即练]单句语法填空
(1)Either you or one of your students is (be) to attend the meeting.
(2)In my opinion, neither my friend nor my classmates are (be) as positive as Tom.
发散思维：就近一致原则如下：
either... or... 或者……或者……
neither... nor... 既不……也不……
not... but... 不是……而是……
not only... but also... 不但……而且……
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．I have always enjoyed all the events you organised (组织) and I hope to attend many more in the coming years.
2．The company (公司) has given him a chance to work abroad recently.
3．English is easy to learn if you practise and revise (复习) every day.
4．Most of the furniture in the house is in the style (风格) of Europe.
5．What parents do in their daily life will have a great effect on their children's personality (性格；个性)．
6．He worked with one of his business partners (合作者) to finish a great project.
7．As a junior (年少者；地位较低者), we should respect the old.
8．Young children are always curious (好奇的) about how things work.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．The kids looked curiously (curious) at her and asked where she had come from.
课时作业3
阅读理解
A
In early November of 1942, my geology (地质学)class was supposed to go on a field trip to see the mica mine (云母矿). Although it rained, everyone showed up on time. I was the only girl in the class. We all fit into two cars.
Near Deary, Mr. Tier, our teacher, went into a store to ask about the direction, while townsmen looked at us with curiosity. On the store owner's advice, we drove out into the hills for a few miles. Then we left the cars. We were afraid they would get stuck in the mud.
Eventually, we located the mine near the top of the mountain. There was a very small hole, running about two or three hundred feet into the mountainside. The passage (通道) was so narrow that we could touch both sides with our hands, and not tall enough to allow us to stand up straight. The first boy held the torch; we took hold of the backs of each other's coats, in a line, and followed him in, ducking our heads. After getting in, we were disappointed because it was not the mine our teacher was looking for.
The rain was coming down hard as we started back to the cars to go home. Back at Deary, we went into a drugstore and stood around its big heating stove to dry out. The clerk was a middle-aged lady. Seeing our entirely wet hair and clothes, she handed each of us a cup of hot water immediately and asked if there was anything wrong with any of us.
Hiking eight miles in the rain had not reduced our interest at all. We all felt we had had a wonderful time, even if we didn't find the mine.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了作者的老师带领全班同学进行了一次户外寻矿活动。

1．Why did the class leave the cars halfway?
A．Because their cars broke down in Deary.
B．Because it was not easy to drive in the mud.
C．Because townsmen were curious about their cars.
D．Because the store owner gave them a wrong direction.
答案与解析：B细节理解题。

根据第二段的“We were afraid they would get stuck in the mud.”可知，下雨天路上全是泥，开车很困
难，他们担心车陷在泥里。

2．What does the underlined word “ducking”in Paragraph 3 mean?
A．Turning. B．Touching.
C．Lowering. D．Hitting.
答案与解析：C词义猜测题。

根据第三段的“The passage was... not tall enough to allow us to stand up straight.”可知，通道不够高，他
们不能抬头，只能猫着腰，“低”头前进。

3．Which of the following can best describe the clerk of the drugstore?
A．Impatient. B．Careless.
C．Hard-working. D．Warm-hearted.
答案与解析：D推理判断题。

根据第四段中的“Seeing our entirely wet hair and clothes, she handed each of us a cup of hot water
immediately and asked if there was anything wrong with any of us.”可知，药店的店员很热心。

4．What can we know from the passage?
A．The class failed to see the mica mine.
B．The weather terribly influenced the trip.
C．The teacher was not professional enough.
D．The author was not liked by her classmates.
答案与解析：A细节理解题。

根据末段的“We all felt we had had a wonderful time, even if we didn't find the mine.”可知，作者所在
班级并没有找到云母矿。

B
Charles Darwin lived an unusually quiet life. In 1842, Darwin and his wife Emma moved from London to Kent in southern England to have as little disturbance (烦扰) as possible. They already had two children then, and would go on to have eight more in the country.
Darwin had very regular (有规律的) habits. He rose early and went for a walk. After breakfast he worked in his study until 9：30 am, his most productive time of the day, and then read his letters lying on the sofa before returning to work.
At midday he would go for another walk with his dog, stopping at his greenhouse to inspect (查看) his experiments. Then he would go for another walk around an area of woodland. While walking on his
“thinking path”，Darwin would consider his unsolved scientific problems.
After lunch he read the newspaper and wrote letters. His network of friends provided information from all corners of the world.
The Darwins were not very strict parents and the children were always seen running wild. Their father worked patiently to a background of playful shouts and little footsteps walking past his study door.
After dinner Darwin played backgammon (a game for two people to play) with his wife. He once wrote，“Now the result with my wife in backgammon stands like this：she... has won only 2,490 games, while I have won, hurrah (a cheer of joy or victory), hurrah, 2,795 games！”
Although he had poor health, Darwin continued to publish (出版)a lot of creative works until his final book in 1881. He died the following year, aged 73.
Rather than a quiet space in the local churchyard, which he called “the sweetest place on Earth”，Darwin was given a state funeral (国葬) in London's Westminster Abbey.
【语篇解读】本文是记叙文。

文章描写了英国著名科学家达尔文宁静的个人生活。

5．Why did the Darwins move to Kent?
A．To do more experiments.
B．To cut their cost of living.
C．To enjoy more peacefulness.
D．To be together with their children.
答案与解析：C推理判断题。

由第一段中的“moved from London to Kent in southern England to have as little disturbance as possible”可知，达尔文夫妇搬家是为了免受外界的打扰，以享受更多的宁静。

6．What did Darwin do every day?
A．He studied in the woods.
B．He started to work at 9：30 am.
C．He wrote letters in the morning.
D．He examined his experiments.
答案与解析：D细节理解题。

由第三段中的“At midday he would go for another walk with his dog, stopping at his greenhouse to inspect his experiments”可知，达尔文每天会去查看实验的进展情况。

7．What did Darwin's children probably think of him?
A．Strict. B．Sweet.
C．Cold. D．Brave.
答案与解析：B推理判断题。

由第五段中的“Their father worked patiently to a background of playful shouts and little footsteps walking past his study door”可推知，在孩子们眼里，父亲达尔文应该很温和。

8．What is this text mainly about?
A．Darwin's scientific achievements.
B．Darwin's unusual state funeral.
C．Darwin's personal life.
D．Darwin's large family.
答案与解析：C主旨大意题。

首段第一句即文章主旨句
“Charles Darwin lived an unusually quiet life.”本文描写了英国著名
科学家达尔文宁静的个人生活。

C
While you might not realize it, the environment where you sleep can make a great difference in the actual quality of sleep that you get every night. With a few simple lifestyle changes, you can create a healthy sleep environment that helps improve your sleep quality.
Go to bed and get up at the same time every day, even on weekends, holidays and days off. Studies show that people who do so are more rested than those who sleep irregularly (不规律地)．
Go to sleep only when you start to feel sleepy. If you don't fall asleep within about 15 minutes, get up and do something relaxing. Go back to bed when you are tired.
Pay attention to what you eat and drink. Don't go to bed either hungry or stuffed. Your discomfort might keep you up. Avoid caffeine (咖啡因) 6 hours before you sleep. Having a cup of coffee within a few hours of bed time can keep you awake for hours when you are trying to sleep. Coffee isn't the only product containing caffeine. Avoid chocolate and tea, too. Also limit (限制) how much you drink before bed to prevent trips to the toilet at night.
Many people turn on the TV before they go to bed. TV influences your natural sleep habits by making you stay up longer than you usually would, especially if you are watching something exciting. Instead of turning on the TV, read a book. Light reading before bed can help you fall into a deep sleep quickly.
If you suffer from serious sleep problems, go to your doctor. Your doctor will help treat the problem or may advise you to see a sleep specialist.
【语篇解读】本文是说明文，主题语境是健康的生活方式。

如果你想过健康幸福的生活，睡个好觉是必不可少的。

相比睡眠时间长短，睡眠质量有时更为重要。

9．What should you do to make sure you have a good sleep at weekends according to the text?
A．Get up a bit later than usual.
B．Go to bed at a regular time.
C．Watch some relaxing TV programs.
D．Avoid drinking coffee or tea in the day.
答案与解析：B细节理解题。

根据第二段“Go to bed and get up at the same time every day, even on weekends, holidays and days off”可知，作者建议睡眠要有规律，每天在同一时间睡觉和起床的人休息得会更好，即便是周末也应该这样。

10．What does the author advise you to do if you can't fall asleep after lying in bed for 15 minutes?
A．To drink some water.
B．To do some light reading.
C．To listen to light music.
D．To get up and relax.
答案与解析：D细节理解题。

根据第三段“If you don't fall asleep within about 15 minutes, get up and do something relaxing”可知，作者认为：如果你在床上15分钟内睡不着，干脆起床做些放松的事，等自己累了再回到床上睡觉。

11．What does the underlined word “stuffed”in Paragraph 4 mean?
A．Having slept too much.
B．Having eaten too much.
C．Feeling too sad.
D．Feeling too tired.
答案与解析：B词义猜测题。

第四段主题句是“Pay attention to what you eat and drink”，后面分别讲述睡觉前该如何吃、喝。

“Don't go to bed either hungry or stuffed. Your discomfort might keep you up”这两句是讲睡觉前该怎样吃：睡觉时既不要饿着，也不要吃得太饱。

饿着或者吃得太饱，身体不舒服，都会让你睡不着。

由此可知，画线单词stuffed的意思是“吃饱的”。

12．What does the text mainly talk about?
A．What to do before going to bed.
B．The importance of sleeping well.
C．How to improve your sleep quality.
D．The relationship between sleep and lifestyle.
答案与解析：C主旨大意题。

本文就如何改善睡眠提供了一些方法。