《 管理学》第四章

CHAPTER 4 MANAGING IN A GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT 4.How organizations go global Stage II involves hiring foreign representatives to sell the organization's products or contracting with foreign manufacturers to make the organization's products. 阶段Ⅱ 阶段Ⅱ是雇用外国代理商销售组织的产品或与 国外的制造商订立合同来制造组织的产品； 国外的制造商订立合同来制造组织的产品；
CHAPTER 4 MANAGING IN A GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT
3.Understanding the global environment (1)Regional trading alliances The European Union (EU) is a 12-nation trading alliance whose purpose is to have common customs duties, unified monetary currency.
CHAPTER 4 MANAGING IN A GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT 第四章 全球环境中的管理
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1.Who owns what?
CHAPTER 4 MANAGING IN A GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT
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3.Understanding the global environment (1)Regional trading alliances NAFTA (North American Free Trade Agreement) is a trading alliance between the United States, Mexico, and Canada.
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(2)Different types of global organizations Borderless organizations are a global type of organization that has eliminated artificial geographical barriers. 无国界组织是一种打破了人为地理界限 的全球型组织。 的全球型组织。
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5.Managing in a global environment (1)The legal-political environment (2)The economic environment (3)The cultural environment
CHAPTER 4 MANAGING IN A GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT 2.What’s your global perspective?
A polycentric attitude is the view that the managers in the host country know the best work practices and approaches for running their business. 多国中心论这种观点认为东道国的管理 人员知道经营业务的最佳工作方式和惯 例。
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A collectivistic society is characterized by a tight social framework in which people expect others in groups of which they are a part to look after them and to protect them in times of trouble. 集体主义社会以一种紧密结合的社会结 构为特征。在这一结构中， 构为特征。在这一结构中，人们希望群 体中的其他人在他们有困难时帮助并保 护他们。 护他们。
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Individualism refers to a loosely knit social framework in which people are supposed to look after their own interests and those of their immediate family. 个人主义是指一种松散结合的社会结构， 个人主义是指一种松散结合的社会结构， 在这一结构中， 在这一结构中，人们只关心自己的和直 系亲属的利益。 系亲属的利益。
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(2)Different types of global organizations Multinational corporations (MNCs) have significant operations in two or more countries but are managed from the home country. 多国公司同时在两个或两个以上的国家 拥有重要的运营单位， 拥有重要的运营单位，但主要由母国进 行管理。 行管理。
CHAPTER 4 MANAGING IN A GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT How to measure national culture The four primary dimensions of national culture are individualism versus collectivism, power distance, uncertainty avoidance, and quantity versus quality of life. 民族文化主要有四个维度， 民族文化主要有四个维度，即个人主义与集体 主义、权力差距、 主义、权力差距、不确定性规避和生活的数量 与质量。 与质量。
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2.What’s your global perspective? The geocentric attitude is a worldoriented view that focuses on using the best approaches and people from anywhere around the globe. 全球中心论是一种全球取向的观点， 全球中心论是一种全球取向的观点，其 核心是在世界范围内选用最佳方式和最 优秀的人才。 优秀的人才。
2.What’s your global perspective? The three different global attitudes are ethnocentric, polycentric, and geocentric. 三种不同的全球取向分别为： 三种不同的全球取向分别为：民族中心 多国中心论和全球中心论。 论、多国中心论和全球中心论。
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2.What’s your global perspective? An ethnocentric attitude is the parochialistic belief that the best work approaches and practices are those of the home country. 民族中心论是一种狭隘的观念， 民族中心论是一种狭隘的观念，认为母 国的工作方式和惯例是最好的。 国的工作方式和惯例是最好的。
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Power distance is a measure of the extent to which a society accepts the fact that power in institutions and organizations is distributed unequally. 权力差距是衡量社会接受机构和组织内 权力分配不平等的程度的尺度。 权力分配不平等的程度的尺度。
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4.How organizations go global Organizations typically go global in three stages. Stage I is exporting to or importing from foreign countries. 组织走向全球化往往经历三个阶段： 组织走向全球化往往经历三个阶段：阶 是向国外出口或从国外进口； 段Ⅰ是向国外出口或从国外进口；
CHAPTER 4 MANAGING IN A GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT Cultural definition National culture is the values and attitudes shared by individuals from a specific country that shape their behavior and beliefs about what is important. Cultural characteristics The causes of cultural differences High-context culture and low-context culture