2014年北理工机车学院博士入学考试内容汇总
《北京理工大学博士研究生入学考试》
《北京理工大学博士研究生入学考试》北京理工大学博士研究生入学考试英语模拟试题一PART ⅠReading ComprehensionDirections: In this part there are four passages for you to read. After each passage there are five questions, below each of whom there are four answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and mark the corresponding letter with a pencil on the Machine-Scoring Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage: Many people believe the glare from snow causes snow blindness. Yet, dark glasses or not they find themselves suffering from headaches and watering eyes, and even snowblindness, when exposed to several hours of "snow light".The United States Army has now determined that the glare from snow does not cause snow-blindness in troops in a snow-covered country. Rather, a man's eyes frequently find nothing to focus on in a broad expanse of a snow-covered area So his gaze continually shifts and jumps back and forth over the entire landscape in search of something to look at. Finding nothing, hour after hour, the eyes never stop searching and the eyeballs become sore and the eye muscle aches. Nature balances this annoyance by producing more and more liquid which covers the eyeballs. The liquid covers the eyeballs in increasing quantity until vision blurs. And the result is total, even though temporary, snowblindness.Experiments led the Army to a simple method of overcoming this problem. Scouts ahead of a main body of troops are trained to shake snow from evergreen bushes, creating a dotted line asthey cross completely snow-covered landscape. Even the scouts themselves throw lightweight, dark-colored objects ahead on which they too can focus. The men following can then see something. Their gaze is arrested. Their eyes focus on a bush and having found something to see, stop searching through the snow-blanketed landscape. By focusing their attention on one object at a time, the man can cross the snow without becoming hopelessly snowblind or lost. In this way the problem of crossinga solid white area is overcome.1. The eyeballs become sore and the eye muscles ache because______.A. tears cover the eyeballsB. the eyes are annoyed by blinding sunlightC. the eyes are annoyed by blinding snowD. there is nothing to focus on2. When the eyes are sore, tears are produced to______.A. clear the visionB. remedy snowblindnessC. ease the annoyanceD. loosen the muscles3. Snow-blindness may be avoided by______.A. concentration on the solid white areaB. providing the eyes with something to focus onC. searching for something to look at in snow-covered areasD. covering the eyeballs with liquid4. The first paragraph is mainly concerned with______.A. snow glare and snow blindnessB. the whiteness from snowC. headaches, watering eyes and snowb lindnessD. the need for dark glasses5. A suitable title for this passage would be______.A. Snowblindness and How to Overcome ItB. Nature' s Cure for SnowblindnessC. Soldiers in the SnowD. Snow VisionQuestions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage:There are great careers in which the increasing emphasis is on specialization. You find these careers in engineering, in production, in statistical work, and in teaching. But there is an increasing demand for people who are able to take in a great area at a glance, people who perhaps know too much about any one field. There is, in other words, a demand for people Who are capable of seeing the forest rather than the trees, of making generaljudgments. And these "generalists" are particularly needed for positions in administration, where it is their job to see that other people do the work, where they have to plan for other people, to organize other people' s work, to begin it and judge it.The specialist understands one field; his concern is with technique and tools. He is a "trained" man; and his educational background is properly technical or professional. The generalist-and especially the administrator-deals with people; his concern is with leadership, with planning, and with direction giving. He is an "educated" man; and the humanities are his strongest foundation.V ery rarely is a specialist capable of being an administrator. And very rarely is a good generalist also a good specialist in a particular field. Any organizations need them in different proportions. It is your task to find out, during your training period, into which of the two kinds of jobs you fit, and to plan your career accordingly.Your first job may turn out to be the right job for you-but this is a pure accident. Certainly you should not change jobs constantly or people will become suspicious of your ability to hold any job. At the same time you must not look upon the first job as the final job; it is primarily a training job, an opportunity to understand yourself and your fitness for being an employee.6. There is an increasing demand for______.A. all-round people in their own fieldsB. people whose job is to organize other people' s workC. generalists whose educational background is either technical or professionalD. specialists whose chief concern is to provide administrative guidance to others7. The specialist is______.A. a man whose job is to train other peopleB. a man who has been trained in more than one fieldC. a man who can see the forest rather that the treesD. a man whose concern is mainly with technical or professional matters8. The administrator is______.A. a "trained" man who is more a specialist than a generalistB. a man who sees the tress as well as the forestC. a man who is very strong in the humanitiesD. a man who is an "educated" specialist9. During your training period it is important______.A. to try to be a generalistB. to choose a profitable jobC. to find an organization which fits youD. to decide whether you are fit to be a specialist or a generalist10. A man's first job______.A. is never the right job for himB. should not be regarded as his final jobC. should not be changed or people will become suspicious of his ability to hold any jobD. is primarily an opportunity to fit himself for his final jobQuestions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage:The world's population continues to grow. There now are about 4 billion of us on earth. That could reach 6 billion by the end of the century and 11 billion in another 75 years. Experts long have been concerned about such growth Where will we find the food, water, jobs, houses, schools and health care for all these people?A major new study shows that the situation may be changing.A large and rapid drop in the world's birth rate has taken place during the past 10 years. Families generally are smaller now than they were a few years ago. It is happening in both developing and industrial nations,Researchers said they found a number of reasons for this. More men and women are waiting longer to get married and are using birth control devices and methods to prevent or delay pregnancy. More women are going to school or working at jobs away from their homes instead of having children. And more governments, especially in developing nations, now support family planning programs to reduce population growth. China is one of the nations that has made great progress in reducing its population growth.China has already cut its rate of population growth by about one half since 1970. China now urges each family to have no more than one child. And it hopes to reach zero populationgrowth, the number of births equaling the number of deaths, by the year 2000.Several nations in Europe already have fewer births than deaths. Experts said that these nations could face a serious shortage of workers in the future. And the persons who are working could face much higher taxes to help support the growing number of retired people.11. In Paragraph one, the sentence "Experts Dong have been concerned about such growth", the phrase "concerned about" is similar in meaning to______.A. worried aboutB. related toC. engaged inD. made a study of12. "Family planning programs" means______.A. birth control policy in a countryB. economic policy in a familyC. TV programs designed for a familyD. economic policy in a country13. The world's birth rate has dropped because______.A. people marry at a much later timeB. more birth control devices and methods have been usedC. women would rather go to study or work than have childrenD. all the above reasons are true14. By the year 2000, the number of births and the number of deaths in China will______.A. be greatly differentB. be equal to each otherC. drop a great dealD. become much larger15. Some time in the future, the people who are working in Europe would have to pay much higher taxes because______.A. more and more children will be bornB. fewer and fewer children will be bornC. they will be making a lot of moneyD. the number of retired people will become ever lingerQuestions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage:When I was walking down the street the other day, I happened to notice a small brown leather wallet lying on the sidewalk. I picked it up and opened it to see if I could find out the owner's name. There was nothing inside it except some change and an old photograph-a picture of a woman and a young gift about twelve years old, who looked like the woman's daughter. I put the photograph back and took the wallet to the police station, where I handed it to the desk sergeant. Before I left, the sergeant took down my name and address in case the owner might want to write and thank me.That evening I went to have dinner with my aunt and uncle. They had also invited a young woman so that there would be four people at the table. Her face was familiar. I was quite sure that we had not met before, but I couldn' t remember where I had seen her. In the course of conversation, however, the young woman happened to mention that she had lost her wallet that afternoon. All at once I realized where I had seen her. She was the young girl in the photograph, although she was now much older. She was very surprised, of course, when I was able to describe her wallet to her. Then I explained that I had recognized her from the photograph I had found in the wallet. My uncle insisted on going to the police station immediately to claim the wallet. As thepolice sergeant handed it over, he said that it was amazing that I had not only found the wallet, but also the person who had lost it.16. The wallet which the writer found______.A. was emptyB. had some money in itC. had a few coins and a photograph in itD. had an old photograph in it17. The writer opened the wallet because he wanted to ______ in it.A. find some moneyB. find some goldC. find the owner' s nameD. find the owner' s photograph18. The writer recognized the young woman because______.A. he had met her somewhere beforeB. she was the old woman in the photographC. she often had dinner with his aunt and uncleD. she looked like the young girl in the photograph19. The young woman told of her loss of the wallet______.A. at the beginning of the dinnerB. during the conversationC. as soon as she saw the writerD. after the dinner20. The story was amazing because______.A. the writer found both the wallet and its ownerB. the finder and the loser of the wallet were old friendsC. the finder and the loser of the wallet met at the police stationD. the woman knew the writer and his unclePART ⅡTranslationSection A: Translate the following short paragraphs into Chinese.21. Opinion polls are now beginning to show an unwilling general agreement that, whoever is to blame and whatever happens from now on, high unemployment is probably here to stay. This means we shall have to find ways of sharing the available employment widely.22. But we need to go further. We must ask some fundamental questions about the future work. Should we continue to treat employment as the norm? Should we not rather encourage many other ways for self respecting? Should we not create conditions in which many of us can work for ourselves, rather than for an employer? Should we not aim to revive the household and the neighborhood, as well as the factory and the office as centers of production and work?23. The industrial age has been the only period of human history in which most people's work has taken the form of jobs. The industrial age may now be coming to an end, and some of the changes in work patterns which it brought may have to be reversed. This seems a discouraging thought. But, in fact, it could offer the prospect of a better future for work. Universal employment, as its history shows has not meant economic freedom.24. Employment became widespread when the 17th and 18th centuries made many people dependent on paid work by depriving them of the use of the land, and thus of the means to provide a living for themselves. Then the factory system destroyed the cottage industries and removed work from people's homes. Later, as transport improved, first by rail andthen by road, people traveled longer distances to their places of employment until, eventually, many people's work lost all connection with their home lives and the places in which they lived.Section B :Translate the following paragraph into English.现在，成千上万的美国人沉湎于对身材苗条的追求之中。
北京理工大学2014硕士生入学考试备考手册
为了能让大家更加了解北京理工大学，挑选适合自己的专业，更好的复习，愿望盒子特地推出了北京理工大学备考手册，希望对大家有所帮助。
一、学校简介北京理工大学隶属于工业和信息化部，是一所理工为主、工理管文协调发展的全国重点大学，是新中国成立以来国家历批次重点建设的高校，首批设立研究生院，首批进入国家“211工程”和“985工程”建设行列。
北京理工大学是中国共产党创办的第一所理工科大学，她的前身是1940年创办于延安的自然科学院，李富春、徐特立、李强等老一辈无产阶级革命家先后担任学校的主要领导。
学校1943年成为延安大学自然科学院；1946年更名为晋察冀边区工业专门学校……【阅读全文】朴实严谨，北京理工大学校园美景欣赏二、研究生院简介北京理工大学的前身是中国共产党于1940年创办的延安自然科学院，现隶属国防科工委，是国防科工委、教育部、北京市人民政府重点共建的国家高水平重点大学。
北京理工大学研究生教育始于1953年，1978年恢复研究生教育，1981年被国务院批准为全国首批具有博士、硕士学位授权的单位之一，1984年被国务院批准为全国首批22所试办研究生院的大学之一。
目前，北京理工大学已形成了“以理工为主、工理文协调发展”的多学科研究生教育体系，已成为我国高层次人才培养的主要基地之一。
现在学校学科涉及10个学科门类，有11个博士学位授权一级学科点，61个博士学位授权点，144个硕士学位授权点……【阅读全文】三、各招生单位联系方式北京理工大学研究生院招生办公室联系方式北京理工大学2012年硕士研究生招生联系电话四、推荐免试北京理工大学2012年推荐免试攻读硕士生办法北京理工大学2011年接收推免硕士研究生办法北京理工大学2010年接收推荐免试研究生简章北京理工大学2009年接收外校本科推荐免生办法五、招生简章北京理工大学2012年攻读硕士研究生招生简章北京理工大学2011年硕士研究生招生简章北京理工大学2010年硕士研究生招生简章北京理工大学2009年招收攻读硕士学位研究生简章北京理工大学2008年硕士研究生招生简章北京理工大学2007年硕士研究生招生简章北京理工大学2006年攻读硕士研究生招生简章北京理工大学2005年招收攻读硕士学位研究生招生简章六、研究生招生学科目录北京理工大学2012年硕士研究生招生专业目录北京理工大学2011年硕士研究生招生专业目录北京理工大学2010年硕士研究生招生目录北京理工大学2008年硕士学位研究生招生专业目录七、初、复试参考书目北京理工大学2008年硕士学位研究生入学考试业务课参考书目北京理工大学2007年硕士研究生招生业务课参考书目八、历年分数线北京理工大学2012年考研复试线及相关工作安排北京理工管理与经济学院2011考研复试分数线北京理工大学2010年硕士研究生复试分数线北京理工大学2009年招收攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试复试分数线北京理工大学2008年硕士生复试基本分数线北京理工大学2007年硕士研究生入学考试复试分数线北京理工大学2006年研究生复试分数线九、复试办法北京理工大学2012年考研复试相关工作安排北京理工大学各院系2012年考研复试安排汇总北京理工大学2011年硕士生复试相关安排北京理工大学各院系2010年硕士生复试通知总汇北京理工大学2010年硕士研究生复试工作安排十、奖、助学金北理工研究生奖学金制度是如何规定的？北理工研究生助学金制度是如何规定的？报考北京理工大学研究生的条件有哪些？十一、师资队伍北京理工大学师资力量十二、报考录取统计北京理工大学2008年硕士研究生报名录取情况统计表北京理工大学2007年硕士研究生报名录取情况统计表十三、资料及历年真题北京理工大学考研资料下载北京理工大学2012年专业课回忆版考研真题汇总北京理工大学2012年研究生招生简章+专业目录北京理工大学历年真题资料汇总贴十四、论坛资料合辑北京理工大学考研经验北京理工大学考研生存手册北京理工大学考研资料、经验心得汇总十五、各院系备考手册材料学院法学院管理经济学院光电学院化工环境学院化学学院机电学院机械车辆学院计算机学院教育研究院软件学院设计艺术学院生命学院数学学院外国语学院物理学院信息电子学院宇航学院自动化学院找视频资料，找研友，来愿望盒子！盒子祝您金榜题名~~如果有最新的备考计划我会随时更新到这里的~~请大家注册然后关注哈~~。
北理工《机动车检测维修实务》课程学习资料(五)26
北交《机动车检测维修实务》拓展资源（五）第三章发动机的检测诊断我国汽车发动机检测与诊断技术研究现状分析摘要：当前汽车发动机检测与诊断设备不断地得到了更新和发展，特别是计算机技术的引入，促进了检测与诊断设备的更新换代。
文章主要分析了汽车发动机检测与诊断技术的发展动因，并对于当前我国汽车发动机检测与诊断技术的发展现状进行了综述。
关键词：汽车发动机检测与诊断汽车检修引言社会需求的牵引、政策法规的推动和技术的进步促使了现代汽车工业的迅速发展。
而随着汽车工业的进一步发展和有关汽车的各种法规的日趋完善和强化，人们对汽车性能指标的要求越来越高。
因此，汽车技术性能的检测与诊断工作显得越来越突出和重要。
本文主要基于此论述了当前汽车发动机检测与诊断技术的研究现状。
1 汽车发动机检测与诊断技术的发展动因由于发动机在运行过程中的工作过程参数、伴随过程参数川以及这些参数的变化趋势，与发动机的技术状况、故障状态及其发展趋势密切相关，因此，通过实时检测发动机的工作过程参数或伴随过程参数，并利用微机进行理论计算、统计分析和可视化显示，汽车使用和维护人员就可以轻易的判断出发动机的技术状况是否正常，发动机有无故障以及故障发展的趋势等，并可通过采取合理的措施，及时维护修理，消除故障隐患或排除已有故障。
准确、迅速地对汽车经济性进行检测并做出评价是非常必要的。
传统的测试方法是使汽车发动机在安装了流量传感器的情况下以一定负荷、车速进行路试或在底盘测功机上测试，检测出百公里燃油消耗量，从而确定汽车的燃油经济性。
由于这种测试方法存在着操作繁琐、信号滞后等缺点，而且电子控制燃油喷射系统大多数带有回油管且回油量较大、油压较高。
因此，有必要对电喷汽油发动机燃油消耗量的测试方法进行一些探索和研究汽车发动机检测与诊断技术是伴随着汽车技术的发展而发展的。
在汽车发展的早期，人们主要是通过有经验的维修人员发现汽车的故障并作有针对性的修理。
随着现代科学技术的进步，特别是智能传感器技术和计算机技术的进步，汽车发动机检测与诊断技术得到了飞速发展。
北理工考博辅导班：2019北京理工大学机械与车辆学院考博难度解析及经验分享
北理工考博辅导班：2019北京理工大学机械与车辆学院考博难度解析及经验分享北京理工大学机械与车辆学院2019 年博士研究生招生实行“申请―审核”制，符合《北京理工大学2019年博士研究生招生简章》中报考条件的申请人提交相关材料，依据考生申请材料的综合评价结果确定差额综合考核名单，经综合考核后择优推荐拟录取。
强军计划、少数民族骨干计划、论文博士等采取相同的办法同时进行。
一、院系简介北京理工大学机械与车辆学院是国内知名的机械类专业学院，综合实力处于国内同类高校前列，部分研究方向达到国际先进水平，建院以来为我国国民经济和国防工业培养了大批杰出人才。
学院下设车辆工程系、热能与动力工程系、制造工程系、交通工程系、机电科学基础部、工程训练中心、学科基础实验中心、学院办公室等单位。
学院现有教职工322人，其中教授60人，副教授及副高职称人员123人，学院在校学生约3235人。
学院拥有机械工程一级学科、动力机械及工程二级学科等2个国家重点学科;拥有车辆工程、动力机械及工程、机械制造及其自动化、精密与微纳制造等4个国防特色学科，其中机械制造及其自动化是北京市重点学科;拥有光机电微纳制造1个北京市交叉。
拥有装甲车辆工程(原地面武器机动工程)、车辆工程、机械工程(原机械工程和自动化)等3个国家级特色本科专业，装甲车辆工程(原地面武器机动工程)1个国防重点本科专业，工业工程1各国防紧缺本科专业。
学院下设4个博士后流动站，10个博士点，18个硕士点，7个本科专业，4个专业学位(工程硕士)授予领域，1个高职专业。
学院承担国家"973"、国家自然科学基金、国家"863"、国家和国防关键技术攻关、国防预先研究和应用研究、国防军品型号研制和科技奥运等项目，年均到校科研经费超过2亿元，与国内各大汽车企业及国外部分著名汽车公司建立了广泛的人才培养和科研合作关系。
近年来学院获国家科技奖励8项，其中国家科技进步一等奖2项，国家科技进步二等奖4项，国家技术发明二等奖2项。
2014年博士考试时间及考场安排
财政理论与政策
297
靳志伟
财政理论与政策
298
赵健
财政理论与政策
299
朴琳
财政理论与政策
北楼第十一考场 二层205教室
300
陈晟
财政理论与政策
301
伊文标
财政理论与政策
302
李鸿
财政理论与政策
303
张宏伟
财政理论与政策
304
李永庆
财政理论与政策
305
刘昱宏
财政理论与政策
306
张硕
财政理论与政策
3月16日14:00-17:00
加试专业综合
北京经济管理学校
考试内容按简章要求
3月17日9:00-12:00
马克思理论
新知大厦309教室
全体未获硕士学位者（不包括应届硕士）必须参加该科考试
2.考点考场分布
（1）北京市经济管理学校
考场
座位序号
考生编号
考生姓名
报考研究方向
北楼第一考场 一层121教室
1
张振飞
孙鑫
财政理论与政策
273
罗彬
财政理论与政策
274
张燕燕
财政理论与政策
275
彭浩
财政理论与政策
276
杜晨鹏
财政理论与政策
277
庄凯
财政理论与政策
278
苏军
财政理论与政策
279
孙哲
财政理论与政策
280
周传寿
财政理论与政策
281
闫博
财政理论与政策
282
司翠
财政理论与政策
283
杨广勇
财政理论与政策
北京理工大学2014年博士招生改革政策调整过度方案
研函[2014]015 北京理工大学2014年博士招生改革政策调整过度方案《北京理工大学博士招生改革办法》（以下简称《办法》）已经校长办公会通过，从2014年博士招生开始逐步实施。
为落实文件精神，确保博士招生改革工作稳步推进，学校确定用一年的时间完成相关改革政策调整的过度，具体安排如下：一、关于同一导师在学博士生超过10名及延期博士生达到2名的政策过度问题根据《办法》的规定：同一导师在学博士生人数上限为10人，超过10人将停止该导师下一年度的博士招生，延期博士生数达到2人，将减少该导师下一年度招生计划1个。
截止2014年1月底，研究生培养系统统计，全校有148名博导超过了这一限制（名单见附件1），为使这部分导师能够更好地适应新政策，学校就过度期的政策执行做出补充规定。
1、2015年2月底之前（具体时间以培养处发布的答辩截止时间为准），能够完成博士学位论文答辩并于当年春季毕业的博士生，将不被列入导师在学博士生数或延期博士生数的统计。
导师应于今年9月15日前上报2015年春季毕业博士生名单，研究生院培养处于10月底前依据盲评送审情况核准能够毕业博士生名单，研究生招生处依据培养处审核的名单核准导师在学博士生数及延期博士生数。
超过规定的导师将不被列入博士招生专业目录，不能招收2015级博士生。
2、博士专项计划招收的博士生不列入导师在学或延期博士生数的统计，专项计划包括：少数民族骨干计划、西部对口支援计划、工程博士计划、高校与科研机构联合培养博士计划、学校批准的合作项目计划。
3、已列入附件1 中的导师，2014年招收博士生不能超过2名，不能参加学校“校内联合交叉培养博士计划”的竞争。
4、目前已处在延期状态的博士生，应力争在今年7月毕业，特别是已列入附件名单中博导的延期博士生。
如不能毕业的应按照结业执行，并可于毕业后3年内回校答辩，通过后取得博士学位。
结业博士生的就业工作另行规定。
二、关于博士普通招考考试改革根据《办法》规定，宇航、机电、机车、光电、信息、自动化、计算机、化工、材料、生命、数学、物理、化学、管理共计14个学院，2015年博士普通招考均由学院组织。
北理机车学院高分学长考研经验贴
北理机车学院高分学长考研经验分享首先自我介绍，本人是2018年报考北京理工大学机械与车辆工程学院的学长，具体方向是学硕机械工程02节能与新能源车辆，初试总分386，政治61，英一65，数一118，848理论力学142，现已录取。
回想自己这大半年的考研路，心里也是感慨万分，想当初我也是一个考研小白，到处求资料经验，担心本科院校，担心复试等等，生怕自己错过任何信息。
其实考研从某种程度来讲是信息战是没错的，但相对于初试来讲还是相对透明和公平的，过来以后就会发现当初的担心并没什么用，好好静下心来复习才是最重要的。
好了，闲话少说，下面进入干货。
考研，心态第一位，方法第二位，勤奋第三位。
缺一不可。
首先说心态。
考研，很难的，每年全国录取率只有三分之一，那么多人削尖了脑袋往里钻，凭什么是你呢？所以要做好吃苦的准备，做好破釜沉舟的准备，既然做，就不要留后路，我当初就是直接把工作辞掉了，断绝了自己一切后路。
考研并不是轻轻松松就能考上，就像现在的你一样，你一定会遇到难的时候，到了那个时候那个苦你吃不吃的下去，才决定了你是不是真的能考上，而不是你的理想多么远大，道德多么高尚。
这些话也许你们现在不懂，但等你们真的遇到事儿了，想想为什么开始，想想自己已经付出的，咬咬牙，请继续坚持。
今天很残酷，明天更残酷，后天很美好，而大多数人都死在了明天晚上，而见不到后天的太阳。
考研更是一场心理战，越到后期掉队的人越多，真正与你竞争的人并没有几个，凡是坚持到最后的，都能考上。
其次是方法。
上了这么多年的学，学的其实不是知识，而是学习方法，在一次又一次的备考过程中寻找适合自己的学习方法，这样你才能做到处乱不惊，百战百胜。
其实没有所谓的最好的方法，别人的经验也只能当做参考，适合自己的才是最好的。
下面就和大家分享一下我的学习方法。
我自知我是一个耐不住寂寞的人，让我一个人坐在那里看几个月的书，我不会自欺欺人，我做不到。
所以我就报了新祥旭辅导班来学习，这样既不会太枯燥，也避免了闭门造车。
北理工机车学院博士专业设置
马朝臣
左正兴
张幽彤
葛蕴珊
袁荒
范伯元（兼职）
张卫正
王国玉
杨策
张付军
交通运输工程
载运工具运用工程
高利
王建群
航空宇航科学与技术
航空宇航制造工程
张之敬
庞思勤
人机与环境工程
顾亮
仪器科学与技术
测试计量技术及仪器
马树元
环境科学与工程
环境工程
葛蕴珊
兵器科学技术
武器系统与运用工程
闫清东
王哲荣（兼职）
博士专业设置及指导教师
一级学科名称ຫໍສະໝຸດ 二级学科名称（博士专业设置）
导师姓名
机械工程
机械制造及其自动化
宁汝新
张建民
孙厚芳
徐小力（兼职）
庞思勤
王西彬
机械电子工程
徐春广
吴平东
陆际联
机械设计及理论
张春林
车辆工程
孙逢春
项昌乐
刘昭度
苑士华
马彪
王哲荣（兼职）
张承宁
闫清东
左正兴
林逸
陈慧岩
工业工程
蔡颖
孙厚芳
动力工程及工程热物理
[金牌原创]博士生综合考试(口试)参考题.doc
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博士生综合考试（口试）参考题（2014. 12）1、基础部分分类参考题现代数学1.请你谈谈数学与其他学科发展的关系，并列举一些你的研究领域中所常用的数学方法和技巧。
2.按照数学的历史发展，它可以分为初等数学、高等数学和现代数学。
请你描述现代数学的特征。
3.矩阵理论被称为高等数学屮的算术（R. Bellman语）。
请举例说明矩阵理论的一些运用。
近代物理、光学1.简述牛顿时空观和爱因斯坦时空观之特点。
2.简述相对论中同时的相对性和运动的时钟变慢的物理意义。
3.物体运动时的质量m和静止时的质量m（）有何区别。
4.说明相对论质能关系E=mc2的物理意义和E=mc2-m（）c2的意义。
5.简述光电效应的物理意义。
6.在量子物理学中微观粒子具有哪二重性？7.不确定关系说明了微观粒子的什么性质。
高等化学1.碳的同素异形体有哪些？并简述碳纳米管研究的新进展。
2.阐述键价理论的基本概念？请举例说明。
3.矿物表面荷电的原因是什么？4.简述纳米材料（粒子）的待征。
5.举例说明亲水性大分子在矿物加工中的应用。
6.DLVO理论的本质是什么？举例说明DLVO理论的应用。
7.化学电源的种类有哪些？8.消除NOx和SO2带來的环境污染一直是一个热门研究课题，请简要叙述消除NOx和煤及石油加工、使用中脱硫的方法。
思想政治1.试述中国特色社会主义的一条道路和一个理论体系的内容，以及坚持这条道路和这个理论体系的重大意义。
2.试述构建社会主义和谐社会的指导思想、目标任务和原则。
3.联系当前实际，谈谈怎样增强社会主义意识形态的吸引力和凝聚力。
4.着眼改革创新，谈谈怎样在思想政治工作中注重人文关怀和心理疏导。
5.谈谈你对唯物辩证法与科学发展观的关系的看法。
2、扩充知识部分分类参考题知识经济与技术创新1.什么是技术创新扩散？2.什么是知识创新？高技术创新有哪些风险？现代信息技术3.请给岀信息的定义？信息可以计量吗？信息量与事物发生的概率有什么关系？4.请说明什么是现代信息技术？它涉及到哪些技术？5.请说明现代信息技术的核心技术是什么？知识经济与技术创新6.人类经济发展可分为哪几个阶段，各阶段发展起决定作用的关键因素是什么？7.知识经济的主要特点是什么？8.为什么说知识经济是可持续发展的经济？9.什么是高科技，知识经济的支柱产业有哪些？10.发展知识经济需要哪些必要条件？什么叫技术创新？煤炭加工利用11.试从我国能源资源结构说明煤炭在廿一世纪上半叶仍应为第一能源？12.一次能源一般有那些，我国主要的一次能源是什么，和发达国家相比，我国一次能源的结构有什么特点？13.什么叫水煤浆，使用它的优点是什么？煤炭是否是一种洁净燃料，为什么？14.在一次能源屮现称为洁净能源的有哪几种？环境学、环境生态学15.为什么说，我国的大气污染是煤烟型污染16.何谓可持续发展，在可持续发展战略中环境保护的地位和作用是什么？17.什么是清洁生产，它对环境保护工作的作用是什么？1&白色污染指的是什么，对它的控制途径主要有那些？19.为什么要保护大气臭氧层，破坏因素是什么？20.什么是环境意识？今天的主要世界环境问题有那些？21.什么是温室效应，对资源与环境保护有何不利影响？22.对三峡工程可能带来的环境影响你能说出多少？23.生态意识有那些主要观点？24.什么是绿色消费？在大学校园中倡导“绿色文化”你认为应发展的主要方面有哪些？25.煤炭开采过程中对环境产生那些影响？SK方程族的代数几何解(2014. 6.4)26.己知谱问题怎样从该谱问题得到该族方程？27.刘维尔定理在弯曲的Riemann面上是否依然成立？2&矩阵W —是否满足驻定的?W⑵29.3是全纯的吗？30.是否可以用相同的方法求解kk方程的代数几何解？生物遗迹学理论与应用研究(2014. 5.9)31.遗迹化石与实体化石的区别？32.遗迹化石的研究方法有哪些？33.遗迹化石有哪些种类？34.遗迹化石具备哪些性质？35.遗迹化石的描述方法？选煤工程设计思路与进展(2014. 4. 29)36.简述我国煤炭资源分布有何特点？37.简要说明我国选煤现状？3&简要说明我国选煤设备发展现状39.选煤厂工程设计主要有哪几个阶段？40.选煤厂车间设备布置遵循原则是什么？煤岩剪切变形及其结构演化(2014. 4. 20)41.当煤层围岩为沉积岩时，煤层为什么却发生了变质和变形作用？42.与构造岩的分类相比，构造煤的分类有什么不同？43.煤岩为有机岩，能否向无机岩转化？其转化的条件是什么？44.煤岩为什么易发生剪切变形，其剪切变形特征有哪些？45.煤岩构造变形是否影响到微-纳米结构的变化？改进的Anderson断层模式及在裂陷盆地中的应用(2014. 4. 7)46.Anderson断层模式的假设前提是什么？47.Anderson断层模式在应用屮发现存在哪些问题？48.什么是“摩尔空间” ？49.用改进的Anderson断层模式如何解释裂陷盆地复杂断裂系统的成因机制？50.改进的Anderson断层模式对经典断层模式的改进表现在哪几个方面？SVC和STATC0M应用于提髙交直流混联电网稳定性和抑制次同步振荡(2014. 3. 29)51.HVDC引起次同步振荡的可能來源主要有哪些？52.电网的静态电压稳定性和暂态电压稳定性分别指什么？53.按照传统方式两套直接并联运行的独立控制的SVC之间出现无功振荡的原因？54.SVC抑制次同步谐振是通过什么原理实现的？55.为什么电网需要动态无功电压支撑？低渗透油气储层裂缝的分布规律与预测评价方法(2014. 3. 27)56.储层裂缝有哪些成因类型？57.储层裂缝有哪些控制因素？5&拉张裂缝和扩张裂缝形成的地质条件哟哟什么差异？59.裂缝在致密低渗透储层中的作用有哪些？60.储层裂缝的预测方法有哪几类？根据气候条件设计一如何建造适合当地气候坏境的绿色建筑(2014. 3. 17)61.绿色建筑的特征是什么？62.为什么要做轻质建筑呢？63.绿色建筑为什么要大量使用钢材？64.中国政府对待绿色建筑的态度是什么？65.如何看待清华的节能楼？当代中国文化软实力构建与大学的文化担当(2013. 12.3)66.建构当代中国文化软实力的重要意义？67.如何理解文化软实力是综合国力的重要组成部分？6&如何理解道德是文化软实力的制高点？69.大学在中国文化软实力建构过程中的地位？70.大学生在当代中国文化软实力建构中的责任？中国共产党与中国梦(2013. 11. 19)71.中国梦的基本概念是什么？72.孔子的大同世界思想的内容是什么？73.陈独秀的新社会理想是什么样子的？74.中国共产党靠什么实现了救国救民的梦想？75.如何理解党中央的富民强国战略？Novel Tailings Management Technologies (2013. 11. 15)76.传统的尾矿处理方式是什么？77.使用尾矿库处理尾矿会对坏境产生哪些危害？78.新型的尾矿处理方法有哪些？79.尾矿根据其颗粒粒径的组成分为儿类？80.固结尾矿的技术有哪些？岩石力学若干进展与面临挑战(2013. 11. 13)81.我国目前试验技术的发展如何？82.我国关于岩石力学的数值分析方法有哪些？83.岩石力学发展面临的挑战有哪些？84.我国学者过去30年对岩石力学的研究情况是怎样的？85.中国岩石力学的研究现状是怎样的？注：本参考题适用于2014年12月综合考试(口试)；口试时专家将根据研究牛的选题情况、所学专业等参考此有关的参考题进行提问。
北京理工大学博士学位研究生入学考试业务课参考书目考试
有机化学Ⅰ
《基础有机化学》第二版（上、下册）高等教育出版社邢其毅等
2003
3002
半导体集成电路原理与设计
《COMS超大规模集成电路设计》（第三版）中国电力出版社Neil H. E. Weste等著、汪东等译
2006
3002
半导体集成电路原理与设计
《数字集成电路设计透视》（第二版）清华大学出版社Jan M. Rabaey
2004
3003
高等波动光学
《物理光学教程》北京理工大学出版社谢敬辉，赵达尊，闫吉祥
2005
3005
导航系统
《导航系统》航空工业出版社袁信、俞济祥、陈哲
1993
3005
导航系统
《捷联惯导系统原理》宇航出版社陈哲
1986
3006
光电子学
《激光原理》国防工业出版社周炳琨等
2009
3006
光电子学
《光纤技术—理论基础及应用》北京理工大学出版社孙雨南等
2011
分析化学
《实用分析化学》天津大学出版社肖新亮、古风才等
2000
2012
泛函分析
《泛函分析讲义》上册北京大学出版社张恭庆
2002
2012
泛函分析
《应用泛函分析》科学出版社许天周
2002
2015
运筹学Ⅰ
《运筹学与最优化方法》机械工业出版社吴祈宗
2003.9
2016
物理化学Ⅲ
《物理化学》上、下册(第四版)高等教育出版社王正烈
1988
3019
现代控制理论
《现代控制理论》高等教育出版社钟秋海
2004
3020
信息系统及安全对抗
《无线电定位系统与技术》北京理工大学出版社陶然等
北航博士入学考试矩阵大纲
北航线性代数和矩阵论考试大纲较全面、系统地考核考生掌握线性代数的基本理论、方法和某些应用的情况。
具体地，测试以下内容：一、矩阵和行列式：矩阵的概念和运算，矩阵行列式的定义、性质与计算，行列式的展开与Cramer 法则，矩阵逆的定义、性质与计算，初等变换与初等矩阵，矩阵在初等变换下的标准型，矩阵的分块及其运算，矩阵的广义逆。
二、线性方程组：初等变换与消元法，维向量空间的定义与性质，向量组的线性相关与线性无关，向量组的秩，齐次线性方程组的结构，非齐次线性方程组有解的判别准则及解的结构。
三、二次型与正定矩阵：对称矩阵的性质及其标准型，二次型的定义及其矩阵的表示，二次型的化简与分类，正定二次型，对称正定（半正定）矩阵的定义，性质和判定。
四、线性空间与欧几里得空间：线性空间的定义及其基本性质，线性空间的维数、基与坐标，线性子空间的定义、判定、性质及线性子空间的运算，特别是线性子空间的直和，线性空间的同构，欧几里得空间的定义、基本性质、标志正交基求法、正交变换与正交矩阵、子空间及其正交补、西空间的定义及其基本性质。
五、线性变换：线性变换的定义、性质、运算及其矩阵表示，线性变换的值域与核，线性变换的特征值与特征向量，矩阵的相似对角形，线性变换的不变子空间。
六、矩阵的行列式因子、不变因子和初等因子，矩阵相似的条件，矩阵的行列式因子、不变因子的初等因子，矩阵的Jordan标准型七、双线性函数：线性函数的定义与性质，对偶空间的定义及其性质，双线性函数的定义与性质，对称双线性函数与反对称函数的定义与性质。
矩阵论考试大纲：较全面、系统地考核考生掌握矩阵的基本理论、方法和某些应用的情况。
具体地，测试一下内容：一、线性空间与内积空间：线性空间的定义及其基本性质，线性空间的维数、基与坐标，线性子空间的定义、判定、性质及线性子空间的运算，特别是线性子空间的直和、线性空间的同构，内积的定义、基本性质、标准正交基及其求法、正交投影及其性质。
北京理工大学博士研究生入学考试英语试题附答案和详解
北京理工大学博士研究生入学考试英语试题附答案和详解北京理工大学20XX年博士研究生入学考试英语试题Part ⅠReading Comprehension (40 points)Directions：In this part there are four passages for you to read. After each passage there are five questions, below each of whom there are four answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and mark the corresponding letter with a pencil on the MA CHINE-SCORING ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.Passage OneI was introduced to the concept of literacy animator in Oladumi Arigbede's (1994) article on high illiteracy rates among women and school dropout rates among girls. According to Arigbede, literacy animators view their role as assisting in the self-liberating development of people in the world who are struggling for a more meaningful life. Animators are a family of deeply concerned and committed people whose gut-level rejection of mass human pauperization compels them to intervene on the side of the marginalized. Their motivation is not derived from a love of literacy as merely another technical life skill, and they accept that literacy is never culturally or ideologically neutral.Arigbede writes from her experiences as an animator working with women and men in Nigeria. She believes that literacy animators have to make a clear choice about whose culture and whose ideology will be fostered among those with whom they work. Do literacy educators in the United States consider whether the instruction they pursue conflicts with their students' traditional cultures or community, or fosters illiteraciesin learners' first or home languages or dialects and in their orality?Some approaches to literacy instruction represent an ideology of individualism, control, and competition. Consider, for example, the difference in values conveyed and re presented when students engage in choral reading versus the practice of having one student read out loud to the group. To identify as a literacy animator is to choose the ideology of “sharing, solida rity, love, equity, co-operation with and respect of both nature and other human beings.” Liter acy pedagogy that matches the animator ideology works on maintaining the languages and cultures of millions of minority children who at present are being forced to accept the language and culture of the dominant group. It might lead to assessment that examines the performance outcomes of acommunity of literacy learners and the social significance of their uses of literacy, as opposed to measuring what an individual can do as a reader and writer on a standardized test. Shor (1993) describes literacy animators as problem-posing, community-based, dialogic educators. Do our teacher-education text books on reading and language arts promote the idea that teachers should explore problems from a community-based dialogic perspective?1．A literacy animator is one who ______.A．struggles for a more meaningful lifeB．frees people from poverty and illiteracyC．is committed to marginalize the illiterateD．is concerned with what is behind illiteracy2．The author suggests that literacy educators in the US in a way ______.A．promote students' home languagesB．force students to accept their cultureC．teach nothing but reading and writingD．consider literacy as of non-neutral nature3．Arigbede worked with Nigerians probably to ______.A．teach American customs and ideologyB．make a choice of culture to be fosteredC．reject the values of the dominant classD．help maintain Nigerian language and culture4．According to the author, “choral reading” may represent ______.A．individualism B．collectivismC．competition D．immersion5．Animator ideology emphasizes more on ______.A．the social function of literacyB．students' performance in testsC．the dominant group’s languageD．the attainment of life skillsPassage TwoAccording to one survey of 12,000 people, about 30 percent of those making New Year'sresolutions say they don't even keep them into February. And only about 1 in 5actually stays on track for six months or more, reports ediets．com, a consumer diet and fitness Web site.But don't let those odds make you reach for the nearest bag of potato chips. Experts say you can keep those resolutions long term, even if you're struggling now.“The motivation comes from within, and so when you find that you're declining in your healthy eating program, and then just ask yourself, ‘Is this going to get me the results that I want?',” says Leslie Stewart, a registered dietitian and licensed nutritionist．“And if you're doing something every day to eat heal thy, then that's going to pay off in the long run.”Stewart advises to use what she calls the 90-10 eating rule.“If you're eating healthy 90 percent of the time, then 10 percent of the time, you can cut yourself some slack and eat pleasurably.”She says s he believes that “healthy eating is evolution instead of resolution.”The same principle can be applied to a lagging exercise resolution, too.Staying motivated is key to long-term success, and reviewing original goals can help strengthen a weakening workout program.Adding variety to a fitness regime also can prevent you from hanging up those exercise shoes. After a few weeks of well-intentioned workouts, boredom may be creeping you're your routine.Setting goals too high is another common mistake. “If you're not running a marathon at the end of the month, don't worry,” say Mayo Clinic experts. A too intense workout—and the resulting pain and stiffness—is discouraging and may force most to abandon a pro gram. Starting slowly is key.But if your goals already have fallen by the wayside，Uria says to start up again immediately.“A little setback is OK; get back on the horse and ride...drive toward that goal,” he says.6．According to the author, only about 20% people keeping their resolutions does not necessarily mean that ______.A．the figure is rather depressing and unexpected as wellB．those who have made their resolution should give up their effortC．whoever keep their resolutions should start eating potato chipsD．long-term resolutions are not important for those facing troubles7．What is the idea behind the 90-10 eating rule according to the passage?A．You should keep eating healthy 90% of the time.B．You should feel free to eat 10％of the time.C．You should learn to eat healthy gradually.D．Sudden change will be more efficient and effective.8．Which of the following you should avoid to keep yourself interested in exercise?A．Hanging up your exercise shoes if you feel tired.B．Keeping boredom away from your daily activity.C．Making a schedule with too high goals in it.D．Running a marathon at the beginning of the month.9．How many suggestions at least have been introduced concerning the exercise resolution?A．Four. B．Five. C．Six. D．Seven.10．What is critically important in making long-term resolutions successful?A．You should be struggling with yourself all the time.B．You should constantly evaluate the results you want.C．You should try to keep yourself motivated.D．You should try your best to diversify your fitness practice.Passage ThreeOur present generation of cultural critics, arriving after the assault of postmodernism and the increasingly widespread commercialization of culture, has been cast adrift, with out any firm basis for judgments. Publications and institutions to supportserious criticism, in this view, either no longer exist or are few in number.Critics today, it is also claimed, are too cozy behind the ivied walls of academe, con tent to employ a prose style that is decipherable only to a handful of the cognoscenti. The deadly dive of university critics into the shallow depths of popular culture, moreover, reveals the unwillingness of these critics to uphold standards. Even if the reasons offered are contradictory, these Jeremiahs huddle around their sad conclusion that serious cultural criticism has fallen into a morass of petty bickering and bloated reputations.Such narratives of declension, a staple of American intellectual life since the time of thePuritans, are misplaced, self-serving, and historically inaccurate and difficult to prove. Has the level of criticism declined in the last 50 years? Of course the logic of such an opinion depends on the figures that are being contrasted with one another. Any number of cultural critics thriving today could be invoked to demonstrate that cultural criticism is alive and well.But many new and thriving venues for criticism and debate exist today, and they are not limited solely to the discussion of literary works. Actually, they became so encrusted with their own certitude and political judgments that they became largely irrelevant. Today the complaint is that literary culture lacks civility. We live in an age of commercialism and spectacle. Writers seek the limelight, and one way to bask in it is to publish reviews that scorch the landscape, with Dale Peck as the fatuous, but not a typical, case in point. Heidi Julavits, in an essay in The Believer, lamented the downfall of serious fiction and reviewing. She sur veyed a literary culture that had embraced “snark”, her termfor hostile, self-serving reviews.The snark review, according to Julavits, eschews a serious engagement with literature in favor of a sound-bite approach, an attempt to turn the review into a form of entertainment akin to film reviews or restaurant critiques. A critic found cultural criticism to be in “critical condition.” For him, the postmodern turn to, theory, in its questioning of objectivity, cut the critical, independent ground out from under reviewers. The rise of chain bookstores and blockbuster best sellers demeaned literary culture, making it prey to the commercial values of the market and entertainment.The criticism does not seem discontinuous. Nor should we forget that civility rarely reigned in the circles of New York intellectuals. The art critic Clement Greenberg physically pummeled the theater critic Lionel Abel after Abel rejected the view that Jean Wahl, the French philosopher, was anti-Semitic. Though Robert Peck has the reputation of a literary hatchet man, so far as I know his blows thus far have all been confined to the printed page.Cultural criticism has certainly changed over the years. The old days of the critic who wielded unchallenged authority have happily passed. Ours is a more pluralistic age, one not beholden to a narrow literary culture. The democratization of criticism—as in the Amazon system of readers' evaluating books—is a messy affair, as democracy must be. But the solution to the problems of criticism in the present is best not discovered in the musty basements of nostalgia and sentiment for the cultural criticism of a half-century gone. Rather the solution is to recognize, asJohn Dewey did almost a century ago, that the problems of democracy demand more democracy, less nostalgia for a goldenage that never was, and a spirit of openness to what is new and invigorating in our culture.11．What is the possible connection between cultural critics and publications and institutions?A．Cultural critics attack postmodernism and commercialization cherished by publications and institutions.B．Postmodernism and commercialization are attacked by the serious publications and institutions.C．Cultural criticism is short of judgments and will not exist without the support of publications and institutions.D．Publications and institutions show almost no interest in serious cultural criticism.12．How do the university critics like the serious cultural criticism?A．Cultural criticism is not serious enough when the articles are written in the cozy prose style.B．Popular culture is so prevailing that serious critics are not willing to keep to the shallow standards.C．Serious cultural criticism is full of insignificant quarrels and the public do not real ly trust it.D．Cultural critics have become so serious as to tell the stories imbued with American intellectual Puritanism.13．What is the author's opinion of the current complaint about the literary expansion into the other fields?A．When literary critics discuss issues with political judgments, their views are likely to be meaningless.B．It is reasonable for writers to seek limelight since we are living in the age of com mercialism.C．Critics should be encouraged to write and publish poignant articles which would scorch the landscape.D．It is the critics' responsibility to lament the downfall of serious fiction and reviewing.14．What does “the snark review” refer to according to Heidi Julavits?A．Cultural reviews which are unfriendly and selfish.B．Literary reviews avoiding serious criticism.C．Entertainment reviews in the film industry.D．Postmodern reviews independent of objectivity.15．In order to find a way out the current dilemma for the cultural criticism, the author suggests that ______.A．we should return to the old days when the critics passed their judgments without challengesB．pluralism should be held back, reinforcing the unchallenged authority in the literary criticismC．democratic criticism should not be adopted because it is rather messy as proved in the Amazon systemD．we should encourage more democracy, dismiss nostalgia and cultivate an open attitudePassage FourIn July, almost unnoticed by the national press, a deadly bird virus arrived on a pheasant farm in Surrey. Experts from the Department for the Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) identified Newcastle disease, a virus usually mortal to turkeys and geese but not humans, in a flock of 9,000 pheasant chicks imported from France ahead of the shooting season.Within hours of the diagnosis, veterinary experts had swung into action, throwing up a 3 km exclusion zone around the farm near Cobham and culling 10,000 birds. The carcasses were burned and premises cleaned to stop the virus escaping. It was four weeks before Defra's Veterinary Exotic Diseases Division feltit was safe for poultry movements in the area to resume．This weekend, with the news that H5N1, a far more deadly bird virus, has reached Turkey, similar emergency plans are being readied by officials from Defra and other agencies. The scenario they are preparing for is that the H5N1 virus, which so far has led to the culling of billions of chickens in south-east Asia and 60 human deaths, will soon arrive on these shores.What happens next depends on where the outbreak occurs, whether it can be contained and—most important of all—whether it mutates to become infectious between people. So far, only poultry workers or those directly exposed to chicken faeces or blood are thought to be at risk, though direct human-to-human transmission cannot be ruled out. “Eve ry time a new person getsinfected with the virus there is a small chance that person will trigger a pandemic,” said Neil Ferguson, a scientist at Imperial College, who has been running simulations on what might happen were H5N1 to reach Britain. “It's a v ery small chance, probably 1 in a 1,000, 1 in 10,000 or less. ”Should diseased birds reach Britain, the first step for veterinary officials would be to contain the outbreak as they did with Newcastle disease. An amber alert would be sounded and samples sent to the Veterinary Laboratory Agency (VLA) in Weybridge, Surrey. If Ian Brown, the head of avian virology there, confirms the cause of death as H5N1, the alert level will be raised to red and a whole series of emergency procedures, from quarantine, restriction of poultry movements to culling, will swing into action. Other agencies, such as the Department of Health, the Health Protection Agency and the Ministry of De fence, would be brought into the loop. In the event that theoutbreak cannot be contained, Defra may have to consider mass culling programmes and the possibility of vaccination.At this point, with the risk of the virus spreading to human populations, the Department of Health would appoint a UK national influenza pandemic committee to coordinate the response of hospital trusts and local authorities. The Civil Contingency Secretariat (CCS) of the Cabinet will also be alerted and Cobra, the emergency committee which coordinates Whitehall's response to terrorism, readied for a possible breakdown in civil order.The Department of Health's pandemic preparedness plan published in March envisages as many as 54,000 Britons dying in the first few months of a flu pandemic. But in June, CCS officials warned that that could be an underestimate. The more likely figure, they said, was 700,000—projection the Department of Health is expected to take on board when it updates its pandemic preparedness plan later this month.In the most serious case, officials estimate there would be as many deaths in the 12weeks of an epidemic as there usually are in a year. At the peak of the pandemic, 19,000people would requite hospital beds, prompting councils to requisition schools to accommodate the sick.To treat the dying, the government would begin drawing down its stockpiles of Tamiflu (药名), an anti-viral drug that treats flu. But with only 14 courses, enough for a quarter of the population, likely to be available, sooner or later rationing would have to be imposed, with health professionals and essential civil servants the first in line. The government would also come under pressure to release stores of its precious flu vaccine. At present there are contingency plans for justtwo to three million doses. But there is no guarantee that vaccines which protect against annual human flu strains will also work against H5N1．The consequences hardly bear thinking about. Earlier this year, in a dress rehearsal in the East Midlands codenamed, Operation Arctic Circle, officials quickly concluded that mass mortuaries would be needed to bury the dead. But no one knows whether, in the event of a pandemic, any of these measures will prove effective. John Avizienius, senior scientific officer at the RSPCA and a member of Defra's avian influenza stakeholder group,said: “All you can do is plan for the worst case scenario.”The fear is that wild geese moving from western China to Siberia may have spread the virus to several species of ducks and gulls that briefly visit British shores on their annual migration north. These ducks, many of which may not show signs of illness, may be passing on the virus to poultry on British farms.In the hope that they are not, Defra and the Wildfowl and Wetland announced last week that they would be conducting tests on 11,000 wild birds—three times the normal level. “The risk of avian influenza spreading from eastern Russia to the UK via migrating birds is still low,” said Defra's chief vet, Debby Reynolds. “Howe ver, we have said all along that we must remain on the look out.”16．What does the “scenario” in Paragrap h 2 mean to Turkey?A．Turkey will be exposed to the nationwide aggression of the deadly virus as the most severely attacked country on these shores.B．Turkey must kill billions of chicken and other kinds of poultry.C．Turkey has to be responsible for the arrival of H5N1 on these shores.D．All the veterinary experts in Turkey will soon swing into action.17．What is, according to Neil Ferguson, the possible risk of bird flu if one gets infected?A．Anyone's infection will trigger pandemic though it is probably one in ten thousand.B．Each time a person gets infected with the virus will cause an enormous pandemic bird flu.C．The person infected with the virus will do great harm to people around him. D．It is impossible that the virus infection of a certain persons will cause a national bird virus spreading.18．The change of alert colors from amber to red implies that__.A．all poultry workers must leave their working places as soon as possibleB．the officials in the Department of Health must call for much more of international assistanceC．the most serious situation of bird flu has appearedD．the change of the color functions greatly as the weather reports do19．What are the steps taken by the Department of Health of UK with the risk of the virus spreading to human population?A．The Department of Health required Civil Contingency Secretariat to publish documents for the pandemic preparedness.B．The Department of Health required the UK national committee to co-work with hospital trusts and local authorities.C．The Department of Health required Civil Contingency Secretariat to make a pandemic plan as soon as possible.D．The Department of Health requires every hospital to store Tamiflu, the precious flu vaccine.20．British government's fear of the wild geese from western China to Siberia is due to ______.A．the domestic ducks and gulls infected by the imported geese to BritainB．the poultry on British farms has been infected by the immigrated wild geeseC．the migration of the wild geese every winterD．British shores infected by the geese virusPart ⅡTranslation (40 points)Section A Directions: Translate the following short paragraphs into Chinese. (20 points) 21．Everyone has something they are ashamed of, afraid of or that they feel guilty about.Each of us, in our own way, has devised a neat little method of handling our dark side. We may know how to hide it. Few of us know how to heal it. When we refuse to admit what we have done in the past, we block our path to the future. No matter how terrible we think we are, how bad we believe we have been, how low we think we have fallen, we can clean our minds and begin again.22．We expend so much energy trying to fix who we are, we rarely get to know our selves. If we。
北京理工大学2014年电子赛参考答案解析(个人版)
理工大学2014年电子赛 参考答案（个人版）一、设计任务与要求使用题目指定的综合测试板上的NE555芯片和一片四运放LM324芯片，设计制作一个频率可变的同时输出脉冲波、锯齿波、正弦波Ⅰ、正弦波Ⅱ的波形产生电路。
给出方案设计、详细电路图和现场自测数据及波形。
设计制作要求如下：1、同时四通道输出、每通道输出脉冲波、锯齿波、正弦波Ⅰ、正弦波Ⅱ中 的一种波形，每通道输出的负载电阻均为600欧姆(实际可采用570~620Ω的电阻替代)。
2、四种波形的频率关系为1:1:1:3（3次谐波）；脉冲波、锯齿波、正弦波Ⅰ输出频率X 围为8KHz ～10KHz ，输出电压幅度峰峰值为1V ；正弦波Ⅱ输出频率X 围为24KHz ～30KHz ，输出电压幅度峰峰值为1V 。
脉冲波、锯齿波和正弦波输出波形应无明显失真（使用示波器测量时）。
频率误差不大于10%；通带内输出电压幅度峰峰值误差不大于5%。
脉冲波占空比可调整。
3、电源只能选用+10V 单电源，由稳压电源供给，不得使用额外电源。
4、要求预留脉冲波、锯齿波、正弦波Ⅰ、正弦波Ⅱ和电源的测试端子。
5、每通道输出的负载电阻600欧姆应标清楚、至于明显位置，便于检查。
6、翻译：NE555和 LM324的数据手册（器件描述、特点、应用、绝对参数、电参数）。
二、方案论证与设计 1.原始方案：在使用Multisim 进行仿真设计的阶段，我想出了两种原始方案，两种方案的大体思路如下。
方案一：使用NE555芯片构成多谐振荡器，输出方波，通过锯齿波发生电路产生锯齿波，然后通过一个KHz f H 10=的低通滤波器，通过滤波产生一次，8KHz 到10KHz 的正弦波，然后再让锯齿波通过一个24KHz~30KHz 的带通滤波器，输出三次正弦波。
其中滤出三次谐波的理论依据是，由于锯齿波是一个关于t 的周期函数，并且满足狄里赫莱条件：在一个周期内具有有限个间断点，且在这些间断点上，函数是有限值；在一个周期内具有有限个极值点；绝对可积。
2014年北京理工大学计算机基础考研复试真题,考研复试流程,(精)
2014年北京理工大学计算机基础考研复试真题一.专业笔试(3月20号上午由于我初试考的是物理光学,所以只做了应用光学、电子技术、计算机基础、光电技术四门课。
1.应用光学(1作图说明显微镜的工作原理(2作图说明物方远心光路的工作原理(3简述一些评价成像质量的指标(4开普勒式望远镜和惠更斯式望远镜的物镜和目镜之间的距离(5一个物体放在一透镜前50mm处,然后向后移动透镜100mm,成像位置和原先的相同,求出透镜的焦距和移动前、移动后像高之比2.电子技术(1全加器的逻辑表达式以及逻辑电路图(2要求D/A转换器的精度小于0.25%,则要使用多少位的D/A转换器?(3什么是理想电流源和理想电压源?使用时需要注意什么?怎么使理想电流源和理想电压源相互转变?(4一个10位的D/A转换器,其量化单位是多少?若电压源为5V,则最低有效位的电压是多少?(大概意思就是这样,我这写的不一定准确(5整流、滤波、稳压电路的连接。
(整流用的是桥式整流电路,滤波用的是电解电容,稳压用的是三端口的集成稳压器一定要注意桥式整流电路的连接和三端口的集成稳压器的连接。
3.计算机基础(1正数和一负数的原码,反码,补码,以及两者补码之和(填空题(2计算一幅240*480的256色的图像的大小。
若每秒传输速率为250bps,则需要多少时间?若一张光盘640M,则能存储多长时间的图像?(大概意思是这样的,是填空题(3RAM和ROM都是什么存储器?各有什么特点?(4微机中的总线有哪些?各传输什么信号?(5是一道选择题。
4.光电技术(1是关于CCD中暗电流问题的判断。
(2是关于发光二极管的使用问题的判断。
(3黑体辐射定律的数学表达式以及物理概念。
(4调制检测技术为光信号的检测带来了什么好处?(5光电探测和光电成像的区别,并举例说明。
二.英语面试(3月21号上午首先是英语自我介绍,然后问了我的专业名称(用英语讲,然后又问了我最喜欢的课程(speak in English,最后就是读一段专业英语,再翻译成中文。
北理工车辆学院复试综合面试
寄存器：内存阶层中的最顶端，也是系统获得操作资料的最快速途径。
I graduated from North China University of Technology, majoring in Mechanical Design, Manufacturing and Automation in the College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering.向量空间的概念，性质。
对加法、乘法封闭的向量集合。
计算机的三大总线。
数据总线、地址总线和控制总线;内部（系统与插件）、外部（系统间）、片总线（链接芯片）。
微机原理：内容包括微型计算机体系结构、8086微处理器和指令系统、汇编语言设计以及微型计算机各个组成部分DMA概念：Direct Memory Access 直接存储器访问技术，加速大量数据传输技术期间，CPU让出对系统总线的控制权，由DMA控制器负责外部设备与控制器之间的数据传送。
ROM-Read Only Memory只读存储器。
断电后信息不丢失，如计算机启动用的BIOS芯片。
存取速度很低，（较RAM而言）且不能改写。
RAM-RandomAccessMemory易挥发性随机存取存储器，高速存取，读写时间相等，且与地址无关，如计算机内存等。
RAM分类SRAM：静态存储单元。
速度快。
DRAM：动态储存单元。
结构简单，集成度高，功耗低，存取慢。
中断：指当出现需要时，CPU暂时停止当前程序的执行转而执行处理新情况的程序和执行过程。
串行通信：使用一条数据线，将数据一位一位地依次传输，每一位数据占据一个固定的时间长度。
其只需要少数几条线就可以在系统间交换信息，特别使用于计算机与计算机、计算机与外设之间的远距离通信。
C++三大语句：顺序、选择、循环。
外部变量：外部变量是在函数外部定义的全局变量，它的作用域是从变量的定义处开始，到本程序文件的结尾。
全局变量：也称为外部变量，它是在函数外部定义的变量。
北理工车辆工程上课内容
北理工车辆工程上课内容北理工车辆工程专业是一门涉及汽车、摩托车、机车等车辆设计、制造、运行、管理等多个方面的学科。
本文将介绍北理工车辆工程专业的上课内容，帮助读者了解该专业的教学体系和培养方案。
下面是本店铺为大家精心编写的5篇《北理工车辆工程上课内容》，供大家借鉴与参考，希望对大家有所帮助。
《北理工车辆工程上课内容》篇1北理工车辆工程专业的上课内容主要包括以下几大方面：1. 理论课程车辆工程专业的理论课程是该专业的核心内容，主要包括车辆工程概论、汽车构造、汽车理论、汽车设计、汽车制造工艺学、汽车电子技术、汽车测试技术等课程。
这些课程主要涉及车辆的基本原理、构造和设计方法，为学生日后从事车辆工程相关工作提供了理论基础。
2. 实践课程车辆工程专业的实践课程主要包括车辆拆装实习、汽车电子实验、汽车测试实验等。
通过实践课程，学生能够深入了解车辆的构造和工作原理，掌握实际操作技能，提高动手能力。
3. 专业英语课程车辆工程专业涉及到众多国际知名企业和技术，因此，专业英语课程在该专业中占有重要地位。
英语课程主要包括车辆工程专业英语、英语口语、英语写作等，旨在提高学生的英语听、说、读、写能力，为学生日后从事国际交流和合作奠定基础。
4. 计算机应用课程随着信息技术的不断发展，计算机技术在车辆工程领域中的应用越来越广泛。
因此，车辆工程专业开设了计算机应用课程，主要包括计算机基础、C 语言程序设计、数据库原理及应用、计算机辅助设计等，为学生提供了必要的计算机技能。
5. 其他课程除了上述课程外，车辆工程专业还开设了其他课程，如机械原理、机械设计、热力学与动力工程、流体力学等，这些课程为学生提供了广泛的学科基础知识。
《北理工车辆工程上课内容》篇2北京理工大学车辆工程专业的上课内容主要包括以下几个方面： 1. 基础课程：包括数学、物理、化学、英语等基础课程，这些课程是车辆工程专业的基础，为后续专业课程的学习打下坚实的基础。
北京理工大学2014年博士学位研究生招生简章——学苑教育
北京理工大学2014年博士学位研究生招生简章欢迎各位有志青年报考北京理工大学博士学位研究生。
我校2014年拟招收博士学位研究生600名左右（含直博生、硕博连读生和普通招考生三类）。
一、报名（一）报考条件1．拥护中国共产党的领导，愿意为社会主义现代化建设服务，品德良好，遵纪守法。
2．已获得硕士学位的人员（境外获硕士学位者需有教育部留学服务中心出具的学历学位认证证书）；应届硕士毕业生（须是国家学历教育硕士生且须在入学前取得硕士学位）；获得学士学位后6年或6年以上（从获得学士学位到2014年9月博士生入学之日），并达到与硕士毕业生同等学力的人员。
以同等学力身份报考的还需具备下列条件：（1）通过国家大学英语六级考试或全国同等学力申请硕士学位外语考试；（2）已修完相关专业的硕士学位主干课程且成绩合格（须提供授课单位的证明）；（3）已在所要报考的学科或相近的研究领域的全国核心期刊上发表过二篇以上的学术论文（以第一或第二作者），或获得省、部级以上与报考学科相关的科技成果奖励(排名前五名)。
3．身体健康状况符合规定的体检标准。
4．经两名与报考学科相关的副教授（或相当职称）以上的专家推荐。
5．定向就业的应届毕业（或在读）硕士生、拟报考定向就业的考生、现正在履行合同中服务年限的在职人员考生，需征得定向就业单位的同意。
6．考生报名前应仔细核对本人是否符合报考条件，凡不符合报考条件的考生将不予录取，相关后果由考生本人承担。
（二）报名程序1．网上报名、缴纳报名费（1）网上报名和交纳报名费时间：2013年11月15日—2013年12月14日。
（2）请登陆北京理工大学博士生网上报名系统进行报名（/yjs/jump/bsbm），按网报要求如实填写有关信息，经系统管理员审核合格后，方可打印《北京理工大学2014年报考攻读博士学位研究生登记表》，请认真审核纸版报名登记表信息与网报信息是否一致，确认无误后，请考生本人在报名登记表上签字。
北京航空航天大学招收博士研究生入学考试参
《传热与传质分析》
《燃烧学》
《航空燃气轮机燃烧室》
《粘性流体动力学基础》
《气体动力学基础》修订版
《航空燃气轮机原理》（上）
《声学基础》第二版《航空燃气轮机原理》（上）
《振动力学》
《结构模态实验分析》1-6章，或有关实验模态分析方面的基本理论的参考书
《飞机推进系统技术与设计》
《有限单元法》
4157专业综合考试
4171专业综合考试
4172专业综合考试
4181 高等混凝土结构
4182 高等土力学
《固体物理导论》
《固体物理基础》
《常微分方程定性方法和分叉》
《线性系统理论》
《Banach AlgebraTechniquesin operator Theory》
《计算机代数》
《汽车环境保护技术》
南京大学出版社
国防工业出版社
2000
国防工业出版社
2000
北航出版社
1990
北航出版社
科学出版社
西安交大出版社
1992
北航出版社
1989
上海科学技术文献出版社
航空工业出版社
北航出版社
科学出版社
北航出版社
北航出版社
北航出版社
国防工业出版社
北航出版社
西安交通大学
北航出版社
北航出版社
北航出版社
北航出版社
北航出版社
北京大学
周德润等
颜庆津著
复旦大学
王高雄等
浙江大学编
张福渊等
盛综淇著
程兰征著
黄昆著
蒋平等编
朱大年著
翟中和，王忠喜著
阿尔福斯
W.Rudin
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2014年北京理工大学机械学院博士入学考试内容回顾
一、英语
1、题型、四篇阅读理解，英译汉，汉译英，理解论述题、作文。
2、在网上能找到06、07、08三年的真题。
3、最后一篇阅读理解是08年的原题，词汇量很多，应该有1000多词。
4、英译汉和汉译英都是短文翻译。
5、理解论述题是阅读一篇英文短文，然后用英语写一篇短文（80个词），介绍文章内容以及自己的感悟。
6、作文给你一句话，写200多词的文章。
二、数学（《数值分析》）
1、教材是丁丽娟、程杞元编著的《数值计算方法》，2011年8月版，高等教育出版社。
2、全是大题，题很简单，但需要记很多公式。
3、印象较深的就是考了第四章矩阵特征值与特征向量的计算，推到证明题，较难；还有第七章Romberg求积公式，表7-3。
4、建议整本书都要复习到，不是很难，就是要记忆的内容较多。
三、专业课
1、动力学和汽车理论可以任选一门，其中汽车理论（余志生主编，第五版，机械工业出版社）。
2、题型：简答题、论述题（有的需要画图）、计算题。
3、简答题记不清楚了，论述题记得有个制动过程的分析，114页的
那个图；计算题两个，各20分，第一章的汽车行驶方程式，第六章的汽车平顺性，关于质量系统振动的计算题。
4、专业课注重实际问题的考察，考试内容与能在网上找到的前些年的原题差别很大。