2020年高考英语考试大纲

2020年高考考试大纲考核目标与要求一、语言知识要求考生掌握并能运用英语语音、词汇、语法基础知识以及所学功能意念和话题（见附录1至附录5），要求词汇量为3500左右。

二、语言运用1．听力要求考生能听懂所熟悉话题的简短独白和对话。

考生应能：（1）理解主旨要义；（2）获取具体的、事实性信息；（3）对所听内容做出推断；（4）理解说话者的意图、观点和态度。

2．阅读要求考生能读懂书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文段以及公告、说明、广告等，并能从中获取相关信息。

考生应能：（1）理解主旨要义；（2）理解文中具体信息；（3）根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义；（4）做出判断和推理；（5）理解文章的基本结构；（6）理解作者的意图、观点和态度。

3．写作要求考生根据提示进行书面表达。

考生应能：（1）清楚、连贯地传递信息，表达意思；（2）有效运用所学语言知识。

4．口语要求考生根据提示进行口头表达。

考生应能：（1）询问或传递事实性信息，表达意思和想法；（2）做到语音、语调自然；（3）做到语言运用得体；（4）使用有效的交际策略。

附录1 语音项目表1. 基本读音(1) 26个字母的读音(2) 元音字母在重读音节中的读音(3) 元音字母在轻读音节中的读音(4) 元音字母组合在重读音节中的读音(5) 常见的元音字母组合在轻读音节中的读音(6) 辅音字母组合的读音(7) 辅音连缀的读音(8) 成节音的读音2. 重音(1) 单词重音(2) 句子重音3. 读音的变化(1) 连读(2) 失去爆破(3) 弱读(4) 同化4. 语调与节奏(1) 意群与停顿(2) 语调(3) 节奏5. 语音、语调、重音、节奏等在口语交流中的运用6. 朗诵和演讲中的语音技巧7. 主要英语国家的英语语音差异附录2 语法项目表1. 名词(1) 可数名词及其单复数(2) 不可数名词(3) 专有名词(4) 名词所有格2. 代词(1) 人称代词(2) 物主代词(3) 反身代词(4) 指示代词(5) 不定代词(6) 疑问代词3. 数词(1) 基数词(2) 序数词4. 介词和介词短语5. 连词6. 形容词(比较级和最高级)7. 副词(比较级和最高级)8. 冠词9. 动词(1) 动词的基本形式(2) 系动词(3) 及物动词和不及物动词(4) 助动词(5) 情态动词10. 时态(1) 一般现在时(2) 一般过去时(3) 一般将来时(4) 现在进行时(5) 过去进行时(6) 过去将来时(7) 将来进行时(8) 现在完成时(9) 过去完成时(10) 现在完成进行时11. 被动语态12. 非谓语动词(1) 动词不定式(2) 动词的-ing形式(3) 动词的-ed形式13. 构词法(1) 合成法(2) 派生法(3) 转化法(4) 缩写和简写14. 句子种类(1) 陈述句(2) 疑问句(3) 祈使句(4) 感叹句15. 句子成分(1) 主语(2) 谓语(3) 表语(4) 宾语(5) 定语(6) 状语(7) 补语16. 简单句的基本句型17. 主谓一致18. 并列复合句19. 主从复合句(1) 宾语从句(2) 状语从句(3) 定语从句(4) 主语从句(5) 表语从句20. 间接引语21. 省略22. 倒装23. 强调24. 虚拟语气附录3 功能意念项目表1. 社会交往(Social Communications)(1) 问候(Greetings)(2) 介绍(Introduction)(3) 告别(Farewells )(4) 感谢(Thanks )(5) 道歉(Apologies)(6) 邀请(Invitation)(7) 请求允许(Asking for permission)(8) 祝愿和祝贺(Expressing wishes and congratulations)(9) 提供帮助(Offering help)(10) 接受和拒绝(Acceptance and refusal)(11) 约会(Making appointments)(12) 打电话(Making telephone calls)(13) 就餐(Having meals)(14) 就医(Seeing the doctor)(15) 购物(Shopping)(16) 问路(Asking the way)(17) 谈论天气(Talking about weather)(18) 语言交际困难(Language difficulties in communication)(19) 提醒注意(Reminding)(20) 警告和禁止(Warning and prohibition) (21) 劝告(Advice)(22) 建议(Suggestions)2. 态度(Attitudes)(23) 同意和不同意(Agreement and disagreement)(24) 喜欢和不喜欢(Likes and dislikes)(25) 肯定和不肯定(Certainty and uncertainty)(26) 可能和不可能(Possibility and impossibility)(27) 能够和不能够(Ability and inability)(28) 偏爱和优先选择(Preference)(29) 意愿和打算(Intentions and plans)(30) 希望和愿望(Hopes and wishes)(31) 表扬和鼓励(Praise and encouragement)(32) 责备和抱怨(Blame and complaint)(33) 冷淡(Indifference)(34) 判断与评价(Judgement and evaluation)3. 情感(Emotions)(35) 高兴(Happiness)(36) 惊奇(Surprise)(37) 忧虑(Worries)(38) 安慰(Reassurance)(39) 满意(Satisfaction)(40) 遗憾(Regret)(41) 同情(Sympathy)(42) 恐惧(Fear)(43) 愤怒(Anger)4. 时间(Time)(44) 时刻(Point of time)(45) 时段(Duration)(46) 频度(Frequency)(47) 时序(Sequence)5. 空间(Space)(48) 位置(Position)(49) 方向(Direction)(50) 距离(Distance)6. 存在(Existence)(51) 存在与不存在(Existence and Non-existence)7. 特征(Features)(52) 形状(Shape)(53) 颜色(Colour)(54) 材料(Material) (55) 价格(Price)(56) 规格(Size)(57) 年龄(Age)8. 计量(Measurement)(58) 长度(Length)(59) 宽度(Width)(60) 高度(Height)(61) 数量(Number)9. 比较(Comparison)(62) 同级比较(Equal comparison)(63) 差别比较(Comparative and superlative)(64) 相似和差别(Similarity and difference) 10. 逻辑关系(Logical relations)(65) 原因和结果(Cause and effect)(66) 目的(Purpose)11. 职业(Occupations)(67) 工作(Jobs)(68) 单位(Employer)附录4 话题项目表1. 个人情况(Personal information)2. 家庭、朋友与周围的人(Family, friends and people around)3. 周围的环境(Personal environments)4. 日常活动(Daily routines)5. 学校生活(School life)6. 兴趣与爱好(Interests and hobbies)7. 个人感情(Emotions)8. 人际关系(Interpersonal relationships)9. 计划与愿望(Plans and intentions)10. 节假日活动(Festivals, holidays and celebrations)11. 购物(Shopping)12. 饮食(Food and drink)13. 健康(Health)14. 天气(Weather)15. 文娱与体育(Entertainment and sports)16. 旅游和交通(Travel and transport)17. 语言学习(Language learning)18. 自然(Nature)19. 世界与环境(The world and the environment)20. 科普知识与现代技术(Popular science and modern technology)21. 热点话题(Topical issues)22. 历史与地理(History and geography) 23. 社会(Society)24. 文学与艺术(Literature and art) 附录5 词汇表Aa(an) artabandon vability nable aabnormal aaboard prepabolish vabortion nabout ad & prepabove prep,a& adabroad adabrupt aabsence nabsent aabsolute aabsorb vabstract a & nabsurd aabundant aabuse v academic a & n academy n accelerate v accent n accept v access n & v accessible a accident n accommodation n accompany v accomplish v account n accountant n accumulate v accuracy n accurate a accuse v accustomed a ache v & n achieve v achievement n acid a acknowledge v acquaintance n acquire v acquisition nacre nacross prepact n & vaction nactive aactivity nactor nactress nactual aacute aAD abbrad=advertisement n adapt v adaptation nadd vaddicted a addition n address n adequate aadjust v adjustment n administration n admirable a admire v admission n admit v adolescence n adolescent a & n adopt vadore vadult n advance v & n advantage n adventure n advertise v advertisement n advice n advise v advocate v affair naffect v affection n afford vafraid aAfrica nAfrican a & n after ad,prep&conj afternoon n afterward(s) ad again ad against prepage nagency n agenda nagent n aggressive aago adagree v agreement n agricultural a agriculture n ahead adaid n & vAIDS naim n & vair naircraft n airline n airmail n album n alcohol n alcoholic a & n algebra nalike adalive aall ad,a&pron allergic aalley n allocate v allow v allowance n almost ad alone aalong ad & prep alongside ad aloud ad alphabet n already ad also adalternative a although conj altitude n altogether ad aluminium(Am aluminum) n always adam v(be)a.m./am,A.M./AM abbr amateur aamaze vamazing a ambassador n ambassadress n ambiguous a ambition n ambulance n America namong prep amount n & v ample aamuse vamusement n analyse v analysis n ancestor n anchor v & n ancient aand conj anecdote n anger nangle nangry a animal nankle n anniversary n announce v annoy v annual a another a &pron Antarctic a antique n anxiety n anxious aany pron& a anybody pron anyhow ad anyone pron anything pron anyway ad anywhere ad apart ad & a apartment n apologize v apology n apparent a appeal v & n appear v appearance n appendix n appetite n applaud v & n apple n applicant n application n apply v appoint v appointment nappreciate v appreciation n approach n & v appropriate a approval n approve v approximately ad apron n arbitrary aarch narchitect n architecture n Arctic aare v(be)area nargue v argument narise(arose,arisen) v arithmetic narm n & v armchair narmy naround ad & prep arrange v arrangement n arrest varrival narrive varrow nart narticle n artificial aartist nas ad,conj& prep ash n ashamed a Asia nAsian a & n aside adask vasleep a aspect n assess v assessment n assist v assistance nassistant n associate v association n assume v assumption n astonish v astronaut n astronomer n astronomy n at prep athlete n athletic a Atlantic a atmosphere n atom n attach v attack v & n attain v attempt v & n attend v attention n attitude n attract v attraction nattractive aaudience naunt nauthentic aauthor nauthority nautomatic a autonomous aautumn navailable aavenue naverage a & navoid vawake(awoke,awoken) v & a award naware aaway adawesome aawful aawkward aBbaby nbachelor nback ad,a& n background n backward(s) ad bacon nbacterium(pl bacteria) n bad(worse,worst) a badminton nbag nbaggage nbakery nbalance nbalcony nball nballet nballoon nbamboo nban n & vbanana nband nbandage nbank nbar n barbecue n barber n barbershop n bare a bargain n & v bark v & n barrier n base n baseball n basement n basic a basin n basis n basket n basketball n bat nbath n bathe v bathroom n bathtub n battery n battle nbay nBC abbrbe(am,is,are,was,were,being,been) v beach nbean nbean curd nbear1 nbear2 vbeard nbeast nbeat(beat,beaten) v & n beautiful abeauty nbecause conjbecome(became,become) v bed nbeddings nbedroom nbee nbeef nbeer nbefore prep,ad&conjbeg v begin(began,begun) v behalf nbehave vbehavior (Am behavior) n behind prep & ad being nbelief nbelieve vbell nbelly nbelong vbelow prepbelt nbench nbend(bent,bent) v beneath prep beneficial abenefit n & vbent a & nbeside prepbesides prep & ad betray vbetween prepbeyond prep bicycle nbid v & nbig abike=bicycle n bill nbingo n biochemistry n biography n biology nbird nbirth n birthday n birthplace n biscuit n bishop nbit nbite(bit,bitten) v bitter ablack a & n blackboard n blame n & v blank n & a blanket nbleed vbless vblind ablock n & v blood nblouse nblow(blew,blown) v blue n & aboard n & vboat nbody nboil vbomb n & v bond n & vbone nbonus nbook n & v boom n & vboot nbooth nborder nbored aboring a born a borrow v boss n botanical a botany n both a &pron bother v bottle n bottom n bounce v bound a boundary n bow v & n bowl n bowling n box n boxing n boy n boycott v brain n brake n & v branch n brand nbrave abravery nbread nbreak(broke,broken) v & n breakfast n breakthrough nbreast nbreath nbreathe vbreathless abrewery nbrick nbride nbridegroom nbridge nbrief abright abrilliant abring(brought,brought) v broad abroadcast(broadcast, broadcast或-ed,-ed) vbrochure n broken a broom n brother n brown n & a brunch nbrush v & n Buddhism n budget nbuffet nbuild(built,built) v building n bunch n bungalow n burden n bureaucratic a burglar nburn(burnt,burnt 或-ed,-ed) v & n burst vbury vbus nbush n business n businessman/woman(pl businessmen/ women) n busy abut conj& prepbutcher n & vbutter nbutterfly nbutton n & vbuy(bought,bought) vby prepbye intCcab ncabbage ncafe ncafeteria ncage ncake ncalculate vcall n & vcalm a & vcamel ncamera ncamp n & v campaign ncan1(could);can’t=cannot modal v can2 ncanal ncancel vcancer ncandidate ncandle ncandy ncanteen ncap ncapital ncapsule ncaptain ncaption ncar ncarbon ncard ncare n & vcareful a careless a carpenter ncarpet ncarriage ncarrier ncarrot ncarry vcartoon ncarve vcase ncash n & v cassette ncast(cast,cast) v castle ncasual acat ncatalogue n catastrophe ncatch(caught,caught) v category ncater vCatholic acattle ncause n & vcaution ncautious acave nCD=compact disk n ceiling ncelebrate v celebration ncell ncent ncentigrade a centimetre(Am centimeter) n central acentre(Am center) n century n ceremony ncertain acertificate nchain nchair nchairman/woman (pl chairmen/women) n chalk n challenge n challenging a champion n chance n change n & v changeable a channel nchant v & n chaos nchapter n character n characteristic a & n charge v & n chart nchat n & v cheap acheat n & v check n & v cheek ncheer n & v cheerful a cheers intcheese nchef nchemical a & n chemist n chemistry ncheque(Am check) n chess nchest nchew vchicken nchief a & nchild(pl children) n childhood n chocolate nchoice nchoir nchoke n & vchoose(chose,chosen) v chopsticks nchorus nChristian n Christmas nchurch n cigar n cigarette n cinema n circle n & v circuit n circulate v circumstance n circus n citizen ncity ncivil a civilian n civilization n clap vclarify v class n classic a classify v classmate n classroom n claw nclay nclean v & acleaner n clear a clerk n clever a click v climate n climb v clinic n clock n clone v close a & ad cloth n clothes n clothing n cloud n cloudy a club n clumsy a coach n coal n coast n coat n cocoa n coffee ncoin n coincidence ncoke ncold a & ncollar ncolleague ncollect vcollection ncollege ncollision ncolour(Am color) n & v comb n & v combine vcome(came,come) v comedy ncomfort n comfortable a command n & v comment n commercial a commit v commitment ncommittee n common a communicate v communication n communism n communist n & a companion n company n compare v compass n compensate v compete v competence n competition n complete a & v complex a & n component n composition n comprehension n compromise v compulsory a computer n concentrate v concept n concern v & n concert n conclude v conclusion n concrete a condemn v condition n conduct v conductor n conference n confident a confidential a confirm v conflict n confuse v congratulate v congratulation n connect v connection n conscience n consensus n consequence nconservation n conservative a consider v considerate a consideration n consist v consistent a constant a constitution n construct v construction n consult v consultant n consume v contain v container n contemporary a content1 n content2 a continent n continue v contradict v contradictory a contrary n & a contribute v contribution n control v & n controversial a convenience n convenient a conventional a conversation n convey v convince v cook n & v cooker n cookie ncool acopy n & v corn n corner n corporation n correct v & a correction n correspond v corrupt a & vcost n & v cosy(Am cozy) a cottage n cotton n & a cough n & v could modal v count v counter n country n countryside n couple n courage n course ncourt n courtyard n cousin n cover n & v cow ncrash v & n crayon n crazy acream n create v creature ncredit ncrew ncrime ncriminal n criterion(pl criteria) n crop ncross n & v crossing n crossroads n crowd n & vcruel acry n & vcube ncubic acuisine nculture ncup ncupboard ncure n & v curious a currency n curriculum ncurtain n cushion n custom n customer n customs ncut(cut,cut) v & n cycle vcyclist ndad=daddy n daily a,ad& n dam n damage n & v damp a & n dance n & v danger n dangerous a dare v & modal v dark a & n darkness n dash v & n data n database n date n & v daughter n dawn nday ndead a deadline n deaf adeal ndear a death n debate n & v debt n decade n decide v decision n declare v decline v decorate v decoration n decrease v deed n deep a & ad deer n defeat vdefence(Am defense) n defend vdegree ndelay n & vdelete v & n deliberately ad delicate adelicious adelight ndelighted adeliver vdemand vdentist n department(Dept.) n departure ndepend vdeposit v & ndepth ndescribe v description ndesert v & n deserve vdesign v & n desire v & ndesk ndesperate a dessert n destination n destroy v detective n determine v develop v development n devote vdevotion n diagram ndial vdialogue(Am dialog) n diamond ndiary ndictation n dictionary ndie vdiet ndiffer vdifference ndifferent a difficult a difficulty ndig(dug,dug) v digest v digital a dignity n dilemma n dimension n dinner n dinosaur n dioxide ndip v diploma n direct a & v direction n director n directory n dirty a disability n disabled a disadvantage n disagree v disagreement n disappear v disappoint v disappointed a disaster n discount n discourage v discover v discovery n discrimination n discuss v discussion n disease n disgusting a dish ndisk=disc n dislike v dismiss v distance n distant a distinction n distinguish v distribute vdistrict ndisturb v disturbing adive vdiverse adivide v division n divorce vdizzy ado(did,done) v doctor n document ndog ndoll ndollar ndonate vdoor n dormitory(dorm) n dot ndouble a & n doubt n & v down prep & ad download n & v downstairs ad downtown ad,n& a dozen nDr=doctor ndraft n & vdrag vdraw(drew,drawn) v drawback ndrawer ndream(dreamt,dreamt 或-ed,-ed) n & v dress n & vdrill n & vdrink(drank,drunk) v drive(drove,driven) v driver ndrop n & vdrug ndrum ndrunk adry v & aduck ndue adull adumpling nduring prepdusk ndust ndustbin ndusty aduty nDVD=digital versatile disk n dynamic adynasty nEeach a &proneager aeagle near nearly a & adearn vearth nearthquake neast a,ad& nEaster neastern a easy aeat(ate,eaten) v ecology n edge nedition n editor n educate v education n educator n effect neffort negg n eggplant n either a,conj& ad elder nelect velectric a electrical a electricity n electronic a elegant a elephant nelse ade-mail n & v embarrass v embassy n emergency n emperor n employ vempty a encourage v encouragement n end n & v ending n endless aenemy n energetic a energy nengine n engineer nenjoy v enjoyable a enlarge v enough pron,a& ad enquiry nenter v enterprise n entertainment n enthusiastic a entire a entrance n entry n envelope n environment n envy v & n equal a & v equality n equip v equipment n eraser nerror nerupt v escape n & v especially ad essay n Europe n European a & n evaluate v even adevening nevent n eventually adever adevery a everybody pron everyday a everyone pron everything pron everywhere ad evidence n evident a evolution nexact aexam=examination n examine v example n excellent aexcept prep exchange n & v excite vexcuse n & v exercise n & v exhibition n exist v existence n exit n expand v expect v expectation n expense n expensive a experience n experiment n expert n explain v explanation n explicit a explode v explore v export n & v expose v express v & n expression n extension n extra aextraordinary a extreme aeye neyesight nFface n & vfacial afact nfactory nfade vfail v & nfailure nfair1 afair2 nfaith nfall1(fell,fallen) v fall2(Am)=autumn n false afamiliar afamily nfamous afan nfancy n,v& a fantastic afantasy nfar(farther,farthest或further,furthest) a & ad fare nfarm nfarmer nfast a & adfasten vfat n & afather nfault nfavour(Am favor) n favourite(Am favorite) a & n fax n & vfear nfeast nfeather nfederal afee nfeed(fed,fed) vfeel(felt,felt) vfeeling nfellow nfemale a & nfence nferry nfestival n & afetch vfever nfew pron& afibre(Am fiber) nfiction nfield nfierce afight(fought,fought) n & v figure n & vfile nfill vfilm n & vfinal afinance nfind(found,found) vfine1 afine2 vfinger n fingernail n finish v & n fire n & v fireworks n firm1 nfirm2 afish n & v fisherman n fist nfit a & vfix vflag nflame nflash n flashlight n flat1 aflat2 nflee(fled,fled) v flesh n flexible a flight nfloat vflood n & vfloor nflour nflow vflower nflu nfluency nfluent afly1(flew,flown) vfly2 nfocus v & nfog nfoggy afold vfolk n & afollow vfond afood nfool n & vfoolish afoot(pl feet) nfootball nfor prep &conjforbid(forbade,forbidden) v force vforecast n & vforehead nforeign aforeigner nforesee(foresaw,foreseen) v forest nforever adforget(forgot,forgot/forgotten) v forgetful aforgive(forgave,forgiven) vfork nform n & vformat nformer afortnight nfortunate afortune nforward adfoster vfound vfountain nfox nfragile afragrant a framework nfranc nfree afreedom n freeway nfreeze(froze,frozen) v freezing a frequent afresh afriction nfridge=refrigerator n friend nfriendly a friendship n frighten vfrog nfrom prepfront a & n frontier nfrost nfruit n fry vfuel nfull afun n & a function n & v fundamental a funeral n funny afur n furnished a furniture n future nGgain v gallery n gallon n game n garage n garbage n garden n garlic n garment n gas ngate ngather vgay ageneral a & n generation n generous a gentle a gentleman n geography n geometry n gesture nget(got,got) v gift ngifted agiraffe ngirl ngive(gave,given) v glad aglance vglare vglass nglobe nglory n glove nglue ngo(went,gone) v goal ngoat ngod ngold n & a golden agolf ngood(better,best) a goods ngoose(pl geese) n govern v government n grade ngradual a graduate v graduation n grain ngram n grammar n grand a grandchild ngranddaughter n grandma=grandmother n grandpa=grandfather n grandparents n grandson ngranny ngrape ngraph ngrasp vgrass ngrateful agravity ngreat a & adgreedy agreen a & n greengrocer ngreet vgreeting ngrey(Am gray) agrill ngrocer ngrocery nground n group ngrow(grew,grown) v growth n guarantee v guard nguess vguest n guidance nguide nguilty aguitar ngun ngym=gymnasium n gymnastics nHhabit nhair nhaircut nhalf a & nhall nham n hamburger n hammer nhand n & vhandbag nhandful nhandkerchief nhandle n & vhandsome a handwriting nhandy ahang(hung,hung或-ed,-ed) v happen vhappiness nhappy aharbour(Am harbor) n hard ad & ahardly adhardship nhardworking aharm n & vharmful aharmony nharvest n & vhat nhatch v hate v &nhave(has,had,had) v he pronhead n & v headache n headline n headmaster n headmistress n health nhealthy ahear(heard,heard) v hearing nheart nheat nheaven nheavy aheel nheight n helicopter nhello inthelmet nhelp n & v helpful ahen nher pronherb nhere adhero nhers pron herself pron hesitate vhi inthide(hid,hidden) v high a & ad highway nhill nhim pron himself pronhire vhis pronhistory nhit(hit,hit) v & n hobby nhold(held,held) v hole nholiday n holy ahome n & ad homeland n hometown n homework nhonest ahoney nhonour(Am honor) n & v hook n & vhope n & vhopeful ahopeless ahorrible ahorse nhospital nhost n & vhostess nhot ahotdog nhotel nhour nhouse nhousewife nhousework nhow adhowever ad &conj howl vhug vhuge ahuman a & n human being n humorous a humour(Am humor) n hunger nhungry ahunt vhunter n hurricane nhurry vhurt(hurt,hurt) v husband n hydrogen nII pronice nice-cream n idea n identity n identification n idiom nif conjignore vill aillegal a illness n imagine v immediately ad immigration n import v & n importance n important a impossible a impress v impression n improve vin prep & ad inch n incident n include vincome n increase v & n indeed a independence n independent a indicate v industry n influence n & v inform v information n initial ainjure vinjury nink ninn n innocent a insect ninsert vinside prep & ad insist v inspect v inspire v instant a instead ad institute n institution n instruct v instruction n instrument n insurance n insure v intelligence n intend v intention n interest n interesting a international a Internet n interpreter n interrupt v interval n interview n & v into prep introduce v introduction n invent vinvention n invitation ninvite viron n & virrigation nis v(be)island nit pronits pronitself pronJjacket njam njar njaw njazz njeans njeep njet njewellery(Am jewelry) n job njog vjoin v joke n journalist n journey njoy njudge n & v judgement (Am judgment) n juice njump n & v jungle njunior ajust a & ad justice nKkangaroo n keep(kept,kept) v kettle nkey n keyboard nkick v & nkid nkill vkilo nkilogram nkilometre(Am kilometer) n kind1 nkind2 akindergarten n kindness nking nkingdom nkiss n & vkitchen nkite nknee nknife(pl knives) nknock n & vknow(knew,known) v knowledge nLlab=laboratory nlabour(Am labor) nlack n & vlady nlake nlamb n lame alamp nland n & v language n lantern nlap nlarge alast a & vlate a & ad latter nlaugh n & v laughter n laundry nlaw nlawyer nlay(laid,laid) v lazy alead(led,led) v & n leader nleaf(pl leaves) n league nleak vlearn(learnt,learnt或-ed,-ed) v least n leather n leave(left,left) v lecture nleft a,ad& n leg nlegal a lemon n & a lemonade n lend(lent,lent) v length n lesson nlet(let,let) v letter nlevel n liberation n liberty n librarian n library n license nlid nlie1 n & v lie2(lay,lain) v life(pl lives) nlift v & nlight n,v& a lightning nlike v & prep likely alimit vline n & vlink v & nlion nlip nliquid n & alist n & v listen v literature n literary alitre(Am liter) n litter vlittle(less,least) a live v & a lively aload nloaf nlocal alock n & v lonely along a & ad look n & v loose alorry nlose(lost,lost) v loss nlot nloud a lounge n love n & v lovely alow a & ad luck nlucky a luggage n lunch nlung nMmachine n mad amadam/madame n magazine nmagic amaid nmail n & vmailbox nmain amainland nmajor amajority nmake1 nmake2(made,made) v male a & nman(pl men) nmanage vmanager nmankind nmanner nmany(more,most) pron& a map nmaple nmarathon nmarble nmarch n & vmark n & vmarket nmarriage nmarry vmask n & vmass nmaster v & nmat nmatch v & n material n mathematics=math/maths n matter n & v mature a maximum a & n may modal v maybe adme pronmeal nmean(meant,meant) v meaning n means n meanwhile ad measure vmeat nmedal nmedia nmedical a medicine n medium nmeet(met,met) v & n meeting nmelon nmember n memorial n & a memory nmend vmental amention n & v menu n merchant a & n merciful amercy nmerely ad。