Chapter 3 Section Three Politics and Law

The Labor Party
Represents middle&lower classes Took power after WWII Socialist in nature Social equality Social welfare Nationalization Called the “Left”
Note: the Labor Party is not directly derived from the Whigs!!! the Whigs（辉格党） in 1660, “Scotish rebels”; backed by small landowners, tradesmen and protestant dissenters. Controlling party 1714-60,Reform Bills; new name Liberal party in mid19c, principal opposition party 1832-1918; disintegrated and some members joined the Labor party. The Labor Party founded in 1900, supporters mainly from trade unions, liberals, socialists, progressive intellectuals; became the 2nd largest party after WWⅡ;
laws
: supplementary
Rule of law ---more materials at next slide Long judicial history and emulated by countries Key principles: due process of law(程序正义） and the writ of habeas of corpus（人身保护 令） ---more materials 《范徐丽泰：社会认同程序 正义 才能守住正义》 /GB/198310/1 5746221.html
Questions: Why “a vote for the Liberal is a vote wasted”—p34 Who are the Whigs and the Tories?—P34
1. Political parties: p34
Under the law, free to set up political parties and a number of parties exist in UK. Two major parties: the Conservative Party and the Labor Party In history: the Whigs vs the Tories
Vocabulary： Independent candidate Canvassing for purpose of soliciting votes Campaign, ballot, general election Voters regard local candidates as symbols/agents of different political parties. Opposition party “shadow cabinet”
Justice and law courts p39
1. 2. 3. 1) English legal system（3 elements） Acts of Parliament Common Law: 1066 European Union Law
另有此补充说法：4.Equity Law衡平法




2) Law courts a new Court Act (1971): three-tiered law courts a) magistrates’ courts治安法院，裁判法院
the power to impose fines of u prison for up to 6 months
英美概况
Chapter 3 Section Three Politics and Law
Section three: Politics and Law
Key words: 1. Political parties: Two-party system 1) Conservative party 2) Labour party 2. Election: 1) Period: every five years at nationwide level.
---more materials ： Rule of law,法的统治又称“法治原则”
根据英国著名学者戴西（A.V.Dicey）的解释，其涵义即“英国人依法，而且只依 法进行统治”。戴西在其具有划时代意义的《宪法研究导论》或《英宪精义》 （Introduction to the Study of the Law of the Constitution） （1885年第 一版）一书中，明确地阐明“法的统治”有三种含义： 第一，它意味着作为专制权力对立面的正式的法的绝对优势地位或优越，它排斥政 府方面的专断、特权和广泛的裁量权……在我们看来，一个人可以因违法而受到惩 处，但是，他不能由于任何其他因素而受到处罚 （It means， in the first place， the absolute supremacy or Predominanc e of regular law as opposes to the influence of arbitrary power ， and excludes the existence of arbitrariness， of prerogative， or even of wide discretionary authority on the Part of the government…a man ma y with us be punished for a breach of law， but he can be punished for n othing else）； 第二，它意味着法律面前人人平等，或社会所有的阶层都要平等地服从由普通法院 所运用的国内普通法律 （Equality before the law， or the equal subjection of all classes to the or dinary law of the land administrative by the ordinary law courts）； 第三，作为英国宪法的法律-在别国作为当然构成成文宪法典组成部分的规则-并不 是由普通法院所确认和实施的个人权利的来源，而是其结果……因而，宪法是这个 国家普通法律发展的结果 （That with us the law of the constitution， the rules which in foreign countries naturally form part of a constitutiona l code， are not the source but the consequence of the rights of individu als， as defined and enforced by the courts； … thus the constitution is t he result of the ordinary law of the land）。 来源：/ziliao/article-8787.html
d. The procedure
1) set the date 2) distribute voting cards 3) electoral campaign (on TV & radio) 4) check and cast votes 5) counting votes 6) the result (deciding both MPs and the PM)
Acting as the custodian of the Great Seal御玺 .
Responsible for the efficient functioning and
independence of the courts.
*Formerly he was also the presiding officer of the
the Conservative Party the Tories（托 利党） Old Irish “runaway, fugitive”; backed by big landowner, favoring agri interest and the Church of England; new name the Conservative Party in mid19c.
the general election
a. The voters who have the right to vote (be registered to vote, be at least 18years-old on polling day, be British or be a Commonwealth or Republic of Ireland citizen living in the U.K. ) b. The time regularly every 5 years c. The candidates qualification a nomination form signed by 10 voters from that constituency; a £ deposit; not need to be a member of a political party 500
Other Parties