高二月考1(12月)
福建省厦门第一中学2023-2024学年高二上学期12月月考英语试题
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出最佳答案。
A
HANDSTITCHED WORLDS: THE CARTOGRAPHY OF QUILTS
Quilts(床罩) are a narrative art; with themes that are political, spiritual, munal, or memorative, they are infused with history and memory, mapping out intimate stories and legacies through a handcrafted language of design. Handstitched Worlds: The Cartography of Quilts is an invitation to read quilts as maps, tracing the paths of individual histories that illuminate larger historic events and cultural trends.
Spanning the nineteenth to twentyfirst centuries, this insightful and engaging exhibition brings together 18 quilts from the collection of the American Folk Art Museum, New York, representing a range of materials, motifs, and techniques from traditional earlyAmerican quilts to more contemporary sculptural assemblages. The quilts in Handstitched Worlds show us how this toooften overlooked medium balances creativity with tradition, individuality with collective zeitgeist. Like a road map, these unique works offer a path to a deeper understanding of the American cultural fabric.
江苏省苏州市高新区第一中学教育集团2023-2024学年高二上学期12月月考数学试题
江苏省苏州市高新区第一中学教育集团2023-2024学年高二上学期12月月考数学试题
学校:___________姓名:___________班级:___________考号:___________
(2)若49n n
T a l £+对任意*n ÎN 恒成立,求实数l 的取值范围.
六、问答题
22.在平面直角坐标系xOy 中,已知圆O :221x y +=,点()2,0F ,以线段FG 为直径的圆与圆O 相切,记动点G 的轨迹为W .(1)求W 的方程;
(2)设点M 在x 轴上,点()0,1N ,在W 上是否存在两点A ,B ,使得当A ,B ,N 三点共
线时,ABM V 是以AB 为斜边的等腰直角三角形?若存在,求出点M 的坐标和直线AB 的方程;若不存在,请说明理由.
F
P
H
P
20.(1)21n
a n =-(2)(,126]
-¥a a
当1k =时,点M 的坐标为()2,0,直线AB 的方程为1y x =+;当1k =-时,点M 的坐标为()2,0-,直线AB 的方程为1y x =-+.所以存在满足题意的两点A ,B ,此时()2,0M ,直线AB 的方程为1y x =+;或()2,0M -,直线AB 的方程为1y x =-+.。
河北省石家庄市24中2023-2024学年高二年级第一学期12月月考英语试题
河北省石家庄市24中2023-2024学年高二年级第一学期12月月考英语试题学校:___________姓名:___________班级:___________考号:___________一、阅读选择Choosing a university or collegeWith over 160 universities to choose from in the UK, and limitless courses and study options on offer, you can make your UK university experience as unique as you are.Understanding rankingsHigher education institutions are ranked each year by a variety of organisations. The QS World University Rankings, for example, focus heavily on research and reputation, but don’t include the quality of teaching or students’ views. The World University Rankings and the Complete University Guide focus more on research strengths and student satisfaction. The People and Planet University League even ranks UK universities on their environmental and ethical performance.How to apply—undergraduate (本科)1. Registering with UCASFirst, go to the Universities and Colleges Admissions Service (UCAS) website where you can fill in your application form.Then write your personal statement. This is your chance to stand out from the crowd by explaining why you are interested in the course, the skills you have that make you suitable, and your life experiences and achievements.Application deadlinesThere are four application deadlines throughout the year:October—for courses at the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge, or for most courses in medicine15 January—“on time” deadline for most undergraduate coursesMarch—for some art and design courses30 June—late deadline for most undergraduate courses. While you will be able to apply after the January deadline right up until 30 June, it is better to apply early.2. Receiving an offerUCAS will contact you with any offers from your chosen universities or colleges. If youroffer is “unconditional”, you can relax. Some offers are conditional-usually this means you need to achieve certain results in your current studies or in English language tests. 1.Which would be the best choice if you want to know a university’s overall influence in the world?A.The QS World University Rankings.B.The World University Rankings.C.The Complete University Guide.D.The People and Planet UniversityLeague.2.What should one focus on in a personal statement?A.Previous stories.B.Future expectations.C.Hobbies and interests.D.Qualifications and strengths. 3.When is one advised to submit his or her application to apply for an undergraduate course?A.In October.B.Before 15 January.C.In March.D.Before 30 June.A mother of nine who started medical school when her youngest child was 4 years old graduated with her degree and plans to be a neurosurgeon (神经外科医生).Sarah Merrill, now 41, said her journey to medical school began at age 17. She then met her husband and got married. Merrill first thought about going to school part-time to get a degree, but later she decided to follow her dream of attending medical school. Speaking of her successfully returning to university, Merrill thought it was credited to her family largely. “When I was accepted at Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine, we moved from Pennsylvania to Arizona,” said Merrill, who is moving to Indiana with her family to begin her residency (实习期) in neurosurgery. “In fact, they volunteered these movements. I know it was tough for all of us.”Merrill and her children often have “homework parties” where they study for their own courses. Merrill’s choice has given a stimulus to her children. Merrill felt touched knowing her 11-year-old daughter wants to become a surgeon and overhearing her son tell his friends his mom’s going to be a cool brain surgeon, though he doesn’t understand that really.Merrill’s next step into a neurosurgery residency will take her into a male-controlled field where only 5% of qualified neurosurgeons are women. Dr. Michele Halyard at Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine said Merrill was known as a focused student. Halyard said, “If you can deal with nine children and keep your reason, the residency should be a piece ofcake because no amount of stress will make you fail.”Merrill had considered choosing a more family-friendly specialty, but, again, chose to dream big and follow her original pursuit. It’s the same advice she would give to all. “Set the goal that is what you’re really enthusiastic about, and it helps to think small. If you know what your priorities are, focus on the next step. Then you’ll get where you want to go.”4.Why does Merrill speak of their movements?A.To show the support of her family.B.To stress her determination to be a doctor.C.To reflect difficulties in attending college.D.To describe the process of pursuing her dream.5.What does the underlined word “stimulus” mean in paragraph 3?A.Entertainment.B.Motivation.C.Commitment.D.Confusion.6.What does Halyard mean in paragraph 4?A.Merrill will have more stress to handle.B.Being Mom makes Merrill a better doctor.C.Staying focused and sensible is key to success.D.She is confident of Merrill’s being a neurosurgeon.7.What does Merrill suggest at last?A.Learning from failure.B.Starting with small things.C.Being true to your own passion.D.Believing in yourself and staying active.As you walk around the UK in March, you might notice that some people are wearing a daffodil (水仙花) on their coats. The British wear these yellow flowers to show they support one of this country’s best-known charities: Marie Curie.Marie Curie tries to ensure everyone who has cancer is cared for in the best possible way. It also helps fun d research into possible cures. Founded in 1948, it has been continuing with its goal ever since.The charity was named after Marie Curie, a famous scientist. She experimented with newly-discovered elements to create the theory of radioactivity (放射性). Unfortunately, over-exposure to the radioactive elements made her develop a disease and die in 1934. Marie Curie won the Nobel Prize in two different fields. Because of her pioneering work, the charitydecided on the name of Marie Curie.The daffodil is one of the first plants to flower during spring in the UK, which marks the return of flowering plants to the ecosystem after winter. Because of this, the charity uses the daffodil as a symbol, hoping cancer patients could recover from sickness.Everyone you see wearing a daffodil has contributed to the charity, but each daffodil is worth only what you want to pay for it. The charity does ask that you stick to a minimum amount of £1.The charity encourages people to start wearing their daffodils at the start of March, when the “Great Daffodil Appeal” kicks off. But that doesn’t mean you can only wear them in March. People are sometimes seen walking around with daffodils on their clothes all year round.8.Why do some British people wear a daffodil?A.To advocate a charity.B.To celebrate patients’ recovery.C.To remember a scientist.D.To offer hope to cancer patients. 9.What makes the charity use the name of Marie Curie?A.Marie Curie’s support for the charity.B.Marie Curie’s achievement in cancer treatment.C.Marie Curie’s study on radioactivity.D.Marie Curie’s concern over cancer patients.10.What does the daffodil imply according to the charity?A.Bringing life to other people.B.Returning of flowering plants.C.Contributing money to the charity.D.Encouraging patients to cheer up. 11.What does the last paragraph mainly talk about?A.A change in a British custom.B.The effect of a campaign.C.A special activity held in March.D.The time to wear daffodils.Imagine being able to go to your local park and pick some tomatoes, potatoes or even bananas to take home for dinner. Sounds too good to be true, right? For residents of Andernach, a German city, it’s not just a Utopian dream — it’s their reality. In 2010, Andernach began its “edible city” project, planting 101 varieties of tomatoes in public green spaces around the city centre. Its 30,000 residents are free to help themselves to whatever grows, as are any other visitors. Every year a new type of plant is introduced. In 2011, 100types of beans were planted, while 2012 saw the introduction of 20 onion varieties. The town’s motto (座右铭) is, “Picking is encouraged — help yourself!”It’s a community effort, as local citizens are encouraged to help plant and maintain the gardens. This offers an opportunity to socialize as well as to learn about planting, cultivating and harvesting food. “I often drop by to pick some herbs that I’m missing at home. Everything is easily accessible. There aren’t any fences. You just take what you need. The only thing is you have to be quick once the fruits are ripe or they’ll all be gone!” said a local historian.Andernach may be the first, but it isn’t the only edible city. It’s part of the Edible Cities Network, an EU-funded project connecting green urban food initiatives (倡议) around the world. Other edible cities include Carthage in Tunisia, Havana in Cuba and Šempeter-Vrtojba in Slovenia. In February 2022, the first Edible Cities Network Conference took place. Dr. Ina Säumel, Principal Investigator of the Edible Cities Network, called it, “a unique opportunity to invite researchers and practitioners (从业人员) of Edible City Solutions to the same table and unite theory with practice”.Ultimately, the Edible Cities Network aims to create “greener, more edible and, above all, more livable cities”. It is a response to the pressures of climate change, and a cause for hope. 12.What is paragraph 1 mainly about?A.The process of Andernach’s growth.B.The green food project in Andernach.C.Methods of planting vegetables in Europe.D.The popularity of Andernach’s city design.13.What is the attitude of the local historian mentioned in paragraph 2 towards the project?A.Doubtful.B.Indifferent.C.Positive.D.Negative.14.What can be inferred from paragraph 3?A.Green urban food has drawn more attention.B.German rural areas will follow the trend too.C.Asia will join the Edible Cities Network soon.D.Edible cities hold meetings on a regular base.15.Which of the following could be the best title for the text?A.Start a Green Food Campaign NowB.Gain Easy Access to German FoodC.Quick Response to Climate ChangeD.An Incredible “Edible City” InitiativeHow to Deal with a Roommate Who Is InconsiderateDoes your roommate borrow your stuff without asking, or leave dirty dishes in the sink for weeks? 16 , but don’t worry — by having an open, honest talk with him/her, you can find a solution and make your house a home again.Tackling the problem now will keep it from worsening in the background.It might seem easier to ignore your roommate’s problems for now. 17 . Ask your roommate to sit down and have a chat with you soon, or schedule a house meeting a few days in advance.Avoiding accusations (指责) will help you have a more productive conversation.18 . — you can be specific, but try not to attack or blame your roommate. That way, you two can have an open, honest discussion, rather than an argument.19 .Once you’ve said your piece about your living situation, take a step back and really listen to your roommate’s point of view. Try not to interrupt. If your roommate gets defensive or angry, try saying something like, “I understand you’re upset, but I’d really like us to make a change together.”If you both make the rules, your roommate is more likely to follow them.After you’ve both shared your issues, do some brainstorming together on what could be changed around your place. Keep an open mind and be willing to compromise (妥协,让步) so that everyone ends up happier. 20 .A.Spending time together is necessaryB.It’s bad manners to criticize your roommateC.Bring up whatever is bothering you carefullyD.However, it’s better to face these things head-onE.Give him/her time to talk so he/she doesn’t feel attackedF.The rules you make together are more persuasive for your roommateG.Living with an inconsiderate roommate might make you feel frustrated二、完形填空Dr. Mantri is an India-born British woman. As she grew up, a teacher used an abacus (算son, Dhruv, into a maths genius. She thinks a bit of abacus instruction might help today’s kids 23 a modern problem.Dhruv was in fifth-grade when his mother started to notice he was 24 with simple arithmetic (算术). She would ask him something like 35 minus 13 and he couldn’t do it. After realizing her son’s poor 25 in maths, she started 26 the same tool to help him after school.In just six days he started to show 27 with the abacus and would go on to become an expert in numbers. So sudden the 28 was that school staff asked him to perform with the abacus at a meeting, with some parents even coming to ask for 29 on using it for their kids.Now Dr. Mantri is using the abacus to 30 thousands of kids around the world. Kids enjoy learning on an abacus 31 it’s like a game where they can touch and feel it.“Seeing Dhruv’s 32 with maths, I decided to change the way he looked at numbers,” said Dr. Mantri. “Abacuses are a tried and tested method.”Dhruv has 33 an apprenticeship (学徒期) at international firm Diageo and is now 34 a career in data science. He is 35 about his future career and owes his success to his mother.21.A.fully B.correctly C.normally D.visually 22.A.advanced B.ancient C.senior D.standard 23.A.deal with B.bring up C.run into D.go around 24.A.beginning B.meeting C.working D.struggling 25.A.balance B.memory C.performance D.judgement 26.A.developing B.designing C.improving D.employing 27.A.patience B.progress C.relation D.satisfaction 28.A.change B.thought C.fame D.decision 29.A.comment B.advice C.agreement D.feedback 30.A.tutor B.monitor C.examine D.treat 31.A.although B.if C.because D.when32.A.difficulties B.conflicts C.connections D.competitions 33.A.landed B.offered C.refused D.requested 34.A.abandoning B.seeking C.finishing D.risking 35.A.curious B.concerned C.confident D.particular三、语法填空阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
2021-2022年高二12月月考 数学 含答案
2021年高二12月月考 数学 含答案一、选择题(共12个小题,每小题5分,共60分)1.命题“如果,那么”的逆否命题是 ( )A .如果,那么B .如果,那么C .如果,那么D .如果,那么 2.已知则是的 ( )A .充分不必要条件 B .必要不充分条件C .充要条件 D .既不充分也不必要条件 3.已知向量的夹角为 ( )A.0°B.45°C.90D.180°4.已知方程表示焦点在y 轴上的椭圆,则m 的取值范围是( ) A .m <2 B .1<m <2 C .m <-1或1<m < D .m <-1或1<m <25.过双曲线的一个焦点作垂直于实轴的弦,是另一焦点,若∠,则双曲线的离心率等于 ( )A .B .C .D . 6. 已知的值分别为与则若μλμλλ,//),2,12,6(),2,0,1(b a b a -=+= ( ) A.B.5,2C.D.-5,-27.若 是椭圆的两个焦点,为椭圆上一点,且,则Δ的面积为 ( )A .B .C .D . 8.在同一坐标系中,方程与的曲线大致是( )9.已知圆锥曲线的离心率e 为方程的两根,则满足条件的圆锥曲线的条数为 ( )A .1B .2C .3D .410.已知双曲线的离心率为2,有一个焦点恰好是抛物线的焦点,则此双曲线的渐近线方程是( )A. B. C. D.11.椭圆上有n个不同的点:P1 ,P2 ,…,P n , 椭圆的右焦点为F,数列{|P n F|}是公差大于的等差数列, 则n的最大值是()A.198 B.199 C.200 D.20112.若椭圆的左、右焦点分别为F1、F2,线段F1F2被抛物线y2=2bx的焦点分成5:3两段,则此椭圆的离心率为()A. B.C.D.二、填空题(共4个小题,每小题5分,共20分)13.“末位数字是0或5的整数能被5整除”的否定形式是;否命题是 .14.在平行六面体中,M为AC与BD的交点,若,则= 。
高二数学月考卷1
高二数学月考卷1一、选择题(每题1分,共5分)1. 函数f(x) = (x² 1)/(x 1)的定义域是()A. RB. {x | x ≠ 1}C. {x | x ≠ 0}D. {x | x ≠ 1}2. 若向量a = (2, 3),向量b = (1, 2),则2a 3b = ()A. (8, 1)B. (8, 1)C. (8, 1)D. (8, 1)3. 二项式展开式(x + y)⁵中x²y³的系数是()A. 5B. 10C. 20D. 304. 已知等差数列{an}中,a1 = 3,a3 = 9,则公差d为()A. 2B. 3C. 4D. 65. 若复数z满足|z 1| = |z + 1|,则z在复平面上的对应点位于()A. 实轴上B. 虚轴上C. y = x上D. y = x上二、判断题(每题1分,共5分)1. 任何两个实数的和都是实数。
()2. 若矩阵A的行列式为0,则A不可逆。
()3. 两条平行线上的任意一对对应线段比例相等。
()4. 双曲线的渐近线一定经过原点。
()5. 若函数f(x)在区间[a, b]上单调递增,则f'(x) > 0。
()三、填空题(每题1分,共5分)1. 若log₂x = 3,则x = ______。
2. 若等差数列{an}中,a4 = 8,a7 = 19,则a10 = ______。
3. 圆的标准方程(x h)² + (y k)² = r²中,(h, k)表示圆的______。
4. 若sinθ = 1/2,且θ是第二象限的角,则cosθ = ______。
5. 矩阵A = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]的行列式|A| = ______。
四、简答题(每题2分,共10分)1. 简述矩阵乘法的定义。
2. 请解释什么是反函数。
3. 简述等差数列的通项公式。
4. 请说明直线的斜率的意义。
5. 简述三角函数的周期性。
绩溪县第三中学2018-2019学年上学期高二数学12月月考试题含解析(1)
绩溪县第三中学2018-2019学年上学期高二数学12月月考试题含解析班级__________ 姓名__________ 分数__________一、选择题1. 已知直线mx ﹣y+1=0交抛物线y=x 2于A 、B 两点,则△AOB ( )A .为直角三角形B .为锐角三角形C .为钝角三角形D .前三种形状都有可能2. 一个几何体的三视图如图所示,则该几何体的体积是( ) A .64 B .72 C .80 D .112【命题意图】本题考查三视图与空间几何体的体积等基础知识,意在考查空间想象能力与运算求解能力. 3. 已知函数()e sin xf x x =,其中x ∈R ,e 2.71828=为自然对数的底数.当[0,]2x π∈时,函数()y f x =的图象不在直线y kx =的下方,则实数k 的取值范围( )A .(,1)-∞B .(,1]-∞C .2(,e )π-∞ D .2(,e ]π-∞【命题意图】本题考查函数图象与性质、利用导数研究函数的单调性、零点存在性定理,意在考查逻辑思维能力、等价转化能力、运算求解能力,以及构造思想、分类讨论思想的应用. 4. 已知实数x ,y 满足a x <a y (0<a <1),则下列关系式恒成立的是( )A .B .ln (x 2+1)>ln (y 2+1)C .x 3>y 3D .sinx >siny5.设F为双曲线22221(0,0)x ya ba b-=>>的右焦点,若OF的垂直平分线与渐近线在第一象限内的交点到另一条渐近线的距离为1||2OF,则双曲线的离心率为()A.B C.D.3【命题意图】本题考查双曲线方程与几何性质,意在考查逻辑思维能力、运算求解能力、方程思想.6.如图所示是一个几何体的三视图,其中正视图是一个正三角形,则这个几何体的表面积是()A.B.C.+D.++17.江岸边有一炮台高30米,江中有两条船,由炮台顶部测得俯角分别为45°和30°,而且两条船与炮台底部连线成30°角,则两条船相距()A.10米B.100米C.30米D.20米8.等比数列{a n}的前n项和为S n,已知S3=a2+10a1,a5=9,则a1=()A.B. C.D.9.设集合M={x|x≥﹣1},N={x|x≤k},若M∩N≠¢,则k的取值范围是()A.(﹣∞,﹣1] B.[﹣1,+∞)C.(﹣1,+∞)D.(﹣∞,﹣1)10.根据《中华人民共和国道路交通安全法》规定:车辆驾驶员血液酒精浓度在20﹣80mg/100ml(不含80)之间,属于酒后驾车;血液酒精浓度在80mg/100ml(含80)以上,属于醉酒驾车.据《法制晚报》报道,2011年3月15日至3月28日,全国查处酒后驾车和醉酒驾车共28800人,如下图是对这28800人酒后驾车血液中酒精含量进行检测所得结果的频率分布直方图,则属于醉酒驾车的人数约为()A .2160B .2880C .4320D .864011.如图可能是下列哪个函数的图象( )A .y=2x ﹣x 2﹣1B .y= C .y=(x 2﹣2x )e xD .y=12.某班设计了一个八边形的班徽(如图),它由腰长为1,顶角为α的四个等腰三角形,及其底边构成的正方形所组成,该八边形的面积为( )A .2sin 2cos 2αα-+ B.sin 3αα+C. 3sin 1αα+ D .2sin cos 1αα-+二、填空题13.已知实数x ,y 满足2330220y x y x y ≤⎧⎪--≤⎨⎪+-≥⎩,目标函数3z x y a =++的最大值为4,则a =______.【命题意图】本题考查线性规划问题,意在考查作图与识图能力、逻辑思维能力、运算求解能力.14.已知函数f(x)=恰有两个零点,则a的取值范围是.15.某校为了了解学生的课外阅读情况,随机调查了50名学生,得到他们在某一天各自课外阅读所用时间的数据,结果用下面的条形图表示.根据条形图可得这50名学生这一天平均的课外阅读时间为小时.16.在(x2﹣)9的二项展开式中,常数项的值为.17.已知奇函数f(x)的定义域为[﹣2,2],且在定义域上单调递减,则满足不等式f(1﹣m)+f(1﹣2m)<0的实数m的取值范围是.18.已知函数f(x)=(2x+1)e x,f′(x)为f(x)的导函数,则f′(0)的值为.三、解答题19.(本小题满分12分)△ABC的三内角A,B,C的对边分别为a,b,c,已知k sin B=sin A+sin C(k为正常数),a=4c.(1)当k=5时,求cos B;4(2)若△ABC面积为3,B=60°,求k的值.20.已知函数f(x)=|x﹣5|+|x﹣3|.(Ⅰ)求函数f(x)的最小值m;(Ⅱ)若正实数a,b足+=,求证:+≥m.21.计算下列各式的值:(1)(2)(lg5)2+2lg2﹣(lg2)2.22.我市某校某数学老师这学期分别用m,n两种不同的教学方式试验高一甲、乙两个班(人数均为60人,入学数学平均分和优秀率都相同,勤奋程度和自觉性都一样).现随机抽取甲、乙两班各20名的数学期末考试成绩,并作出茎叶图如图所示.(Ⅰ)依茎叶图判断哪个班的平均分高?(Ⅱ)现从甲班所抽数学成绩不低于80分的同学中随机抽取两名同学,用ξ表示抽到成绩为86分的人数,求ξ的分布列和数学期望;(Ⅲ)学校规定:成绩不低于85分的为优秀,作出分类变量成绩与教学方式的2×2列联表,并判断“能否在犯错误的概率不超过0.025的前提下认为成绩优秀与教学方式有关?”下面临界值表仅供参考:P(K2≥k)0.15 0.10 0.05 0.025 0.010 0.005 0.001k 2.072 2.706 3.841 5.024 6.635 7.879 10.828(参考公式:K2=,其中n=a+b+c+d)23.已知向量,满足||=1,||=2,与的夹角为120°.(1)求及|+|;(2)设向量+与﹣的夹角为θ,求cos θ的值.24.已知矩阵A =,向量=.求向量,使得A 2=.绩溪县第三中学2018-2019学年上学期高二数学12月月考试题含解析(参考答案) 一、选择题1. 【答案】A【解析】解:设A (x 1,x 12),B (x 2,x 22),将直线与抛物线方程联立得, 消去y 得:x 2﹣mx ﹣1=0,根据韦达定理得:x 1x 2=﹣1,由=(x 1,x 12),=(x 2,x 22),得到=x 1x 2+(x 1x 2)2=﹣1+1=0,则⊥,∴△AOB 为直角三角形. 故选A【点评】此题考查了三角形形状的判断,涉及的知识有韦达定理,平面向量的数量积运算,以及两向量垂直时满足的条件,曲线与直线的交点问题,常常联立曲线与直线的方程,消去一个变量得到关于另外一个变量的一元二次方程,利用韦达定理来解决问题,本题证明垂直的方法为:根据平面向量的数量积为0,两向量互相垂直.2. 【答案】C. 【解析】3. 【答案】B【解析】由题意设()()e sin xg x f x kx x kx =-=-,且()0g x ≥在[0,]2x π∈时恒成立,而'()e (sin cos )x g x x x k =+-.令()e (sin cos )x h x x x =+,则'()2e c o s 0xh x x =≥,所以()h x 在[0,]2π上递增,所以21()h x e π≤≤.当1k ≤时,'()0g x ≥,()g x 在[0,]2π上递增,()(0)0g x g ≥=,符合题意;当2e k π≥时,'()0g x ≤,()g x 在[0,]2π上递减,()(0)0g x g ≤=,与题意不合;当21e k π<<时,()g x '为一个递增函数,而'(0)10g k =-<,2'()e 02g k ππ=->,由零点存在性定理,必存在一个零点0x ,使得0'()0g x =,当0[0,)x x ∈时,'()0g x ≤,从而()g x 在0[0,)x x ∈上单调递减,从而()(0)0g x g ≤=,与题意不合,综上,故选B.所述:k的取值范围为(,1]4.【答案】C【解析】解:∵实数x、y满足a x<a y(1>a>0),∴y<x.对于A.取x=1,y=0,不成立,因此不正确;对于B.取y=﹣2,x=﹣1,ln(x2+1)>ln(y2+1)不成立;对于C.利用y=x3在R上单调递增,可得x3>y3,正确;对于D.取y=﹣π,x=,但是sinx=,siny=,sinx>siny不成立,不正确.故选:C.【点评】本题考查了函数的单调性、不等式的性质,考查了推理能力,属于基础题.5.【答案】B【解析】6.【答案】D【解析】解:由三视图可知:该几何体是如图所示的三棱锥,其中侧面PAC⊥面ABC,△PAC是边长为2的正三角形,△ABC是边AC=2,边AC上的高OB=1,PO=为底面上的高.于是此几何体的表面积S=S+S△ABC+2S△PAB=××2+×2×1+2×××=+1+.△PAC故选:D【点评】本题考查的知识点是由三视图求体积和表面积,解决本题的关键是得到该几何体的形状.7.【答案】C【解析】解:如图,过炮台顶部A作水平面的垂线,垂足为B,设A处观测小船C的俯角为45°,设A处观测小船D的俯角为30°,连接BC、BDRt△ABC中,∠ACB=45°,可得BC=AB=30米Rt△ABD中,∠ADB=30°,可得BD=AB=30米在△BCD中,BC=30米,BD=30米,∠CBD=30°,由余弦定理可得:CD2=BC2+BD2﹣2BCBDcos30°=900∴CD=30米(负值舍去)故选:C【点评】本题给出实际应用问题,求炮台旁边两条小船距的距离.着重考查了余弦定理、空间线面的位置关系等知识,属于中档题.熟练掌握直线与平面所成角的定义与余弦定理解三角形,是解决本题的关键.8.【答案】C【解析】解:设等比数列{a n}的公比为q,∵S3=a2+10a1,a5=9,∴,解得.∴.故选C.【点评】熟练掌握等比数列的通项公式是解题的关键.9.【答案】B【解析】解:∵M={x|x≥﹣1},N={x|x≤k},若M∩N≠¢,则k≥﹣1.∴k的取值范围是[﹣1,+∞).故选:B.【点评】本题考查了交集及其运算,考查了集合间的关系,是基础题.10.【答案】C【解析】解:由题意及频率分布直方图的定义可知:属于醉酒驾车的频率为:(0.01+0.005)×10=0.15,又总人数为28800,故属于醉酒驾车的人数约为:28800×0.15=4320.故选C【点评】此题考查了学生的识图及计算能力,还考查了频率分布直方图的定义,并利用定义求解问题.11.【答案】C【解析】解:A中,∵y=2x﹣x2﹣1,当x趋向于﹣∞时,函数y=2x的值趋向于0,y=x2+1的值趋向+∞,∴函数y=2x﹣x2﹣1的值小于0,∴A中的函数不满足条件;B中,∵y=sinx是周期函数,∴函数y=的图象是以x轴为中心的波浪线,∴B中的函数不满足条件;C中,∵函数y=x2﹣2x=(x﹣1)2﹣1,当x<0或x>2时,y>0,当0<x<2时,y<0;且y=e x>0恒成立,∴y=(x2﹣2x)e x的图象在x趋向于﹣∞时,y>0,0<x<2时,y<0,在x趋向于+∞时,y趋向于+∞;∴C中的函数满足条件;D中,y=的定义域是(0,1)∪(1,+∞),且在x∈(0,1)时,lnx<0,∴y=<0,∴D 中函数不满足条件.故选:C .【点评】本题考查了函数的图象和性质的应用问题,解题时要注意分析每个函数的定义域与函数的图象特征,是综合性题目.12.【答案】A 【解析】试题分析:利用余弦定理求出正方形面积()ααcos 22cos 2-11221-=+=S ;利用三角形知识得出四个等腰三角形面积ααsin 2sin 112142=⨯⨯⨯⨯=S ;故八边形面积2cos 2sin 221+-=+=ααS S S .故本题正确答案为A.考点:余弦定理和三角形面积的求解.【方法点晴】本题是一道关于三角函数在几何中的应用的题目,掌握正余弦定理是解题的关键;首先根据三角形面积公式ααsin 21sin 1121=⨯⨯⨯=S 求出个三角形的面积αsin 24=S ;接下来利用余弦定理可求出正方形的边长的平方()αcos 2-1122+,进而得到正方形的面积()ααcos 22cos 2-11221-=+=S ,最后得到答案.二、填空题13.【答案】3-【解析】作出可行域如图所示:作直线0l :30x y +=,再作一组平行于0l 的直线l :3x y z a +=-,当直线l 经过点5(,2)3M 时,3z a x y -=+取得最大值,∴max 5()3273z a -=⨯+=,所以max 74z a =+=,故3a =-.14.【答案】 (﹣3,0) .【解析】解:由题意,a≥0时,x<0,y=2x3﹣ax2﹣1,y′=6x2﹣2ax>0恒成立,f(x)在(0,+∞)上至多一个零点;x≥0,函数y=|x﹣3|+a无零点,∴a≥0,不符合题意;﹣3<a<0时,函数y=|x﹣3|+a在[0,+∞)上有两个零点,函数y=2x3﹣ax2﹣1在(﹣∞,0)上无零点,符合题意;a=﹣3时,函数y=|x﹣3|+a在[0,+∞)上有两个零点,函数y=2x3﹣ax2﹣1在(﹣∞,0)上有零点﹣1,不符合题意;a<﹣3时,函数y=|x﹣3|+a在[0,+∞)上有两个零点,函数y=2x3﹣ax2﹣1在(﹣∞,0)上有两个零点,不符合题意;综上所述,a的取值范围是(﹣3,0).故答案为(﹣3,0).15.【答案】0.9【解析】解:由题意,=0.9,故答案为:0.916.【答案】84.【解析】解:(x2﹣)9的二项展开式的通项公式为T r+1=•(﹣1)r•x18﹣3r,令18﹣3r=0,求得r=6,可得常数项的值为T7===84,故答案为:84.【点评】本题主要考查二项式定理的应用,二项展开式的通项公式,属于基础题.17.【答案】[﹣,].【解析】解:∵函数奇函数f(x)的定义域为[﹣2,2],且在定义域上单调递减,∴不等式f(1﹣m)+f(1﹣2m)<0等价为f(1﹣m)<﹣f(1﹣2m)=f(2m﹣1),即,即,得﹣≤m ≤,故答案为:[﹣,]【点评】本题主要考查不等式的求解,根据函数奇偶性将不等式进行转化是解决本题的关键.注意定义域的限制.18.【答案】 3 .【解析】解:∵f (x )=(2x+1)e x,∴f ′(x )=2e x +(2x+1)e x, ∴f ′(0)=2e 0+(2×0+1)e 0=2+1=3.故答案为:3.三、解答题19.【答案】【解析】解:(1)∵54sin B =sin A +sin C ,由正弦定理得54b =a +c ,又a =4c ,∴54b =5c ,即b =4c ,由余弦定理得cos B =a 2+c 2-b 22ac =(4c )2+c 2-(4c )22×4c ·c =18.(2)∵S △ABC =3,B =60°.∴12ac sin B = 3.即ac =4. 又a =4c ,∴a =4,c =1.由余弦定理得b 2=a 2+c 2-2ac cos B =42+12-2×4×1×12=13.∴b =13,∵k sin B =sin A +sin C ,由正弦定理得k =a +c b =513=51313,即k 的值为51313.20.【答案】【解析】(Ⅰ)解:∵f(x)=|x﹣5|+|x﹣3|≥|x﹣5+3﹣x|=2,…(2分)当且仅当x∈[3,5]时取最小值2,…(3分)∴m=2.…(4分)(Ⅱ)证明:∵(+)[]≥()2=3,∴(+)×≥()2,∴+≥2.…(7分)【点评】本题主要考查绝对值不等式和均值不等式等基础知识,考查运算求解能力,考查化归与转化思想.21.【答案】【解析】解:(1)=…==5…(2)(lg5)2+2lg2﹣(lg2)2=(lg5+lg2)(lg5﹣lg2)+2lg2…=.…22.【答案】【解析】【专题】综合题;概率与统计.【分析】(Ⅰ)依据茎叶图,确定甲、乙班数学成绩集中的范围,即可得到结论;(Ⅱ)由茎叶图知成绩为86分的同学有2人,其余不低于80分的同学为4人,ξ=0,1,2,求出概率,可得ξ的分布列和数学期望;(Ⅲ)根据成绩不低于85分的为优秀,可得2×2列联表,计算K2,从而与临界值比较,即可得到结论.【解答】解:(Ⅰ)由茎叶图知甲班数学成绩集中于60﹣9之间,而乙班数学成绩集中于80﹣100分之间,所以乙班的平均分高┉┉┉┉┉┉(Ⅱ)由茎叶图知成绩为86分的同学有2人,其余不低于80分的同学为4人,ξ=0,1,2P (ξ=0)==,P (ξ=1)==,P (ξ=2)==┉┉┉┉┉┉则随机变量ξ的分布列为ξ 0 1 2P数学期望E ξ=0×+1×+2×=人﹣┉┉┉┉┉┉┉┉(Ⅲ)2×2列联表为甲班 乙班 合计 优秀 3 10 13 不优秀1710 27 合计20 2040┉┉┉┉┉K 2=≈5.584>5.024因此在犯错误的概率不超过0.025的前提下可以认为成绩优秀与教学方式有关.┉┉【点评】本题考查概率的计算,考查独立性检验知识,考查学生的计算能力,属于中档题.23.【答案】【解析】解:(1)=;∴=;∴;(2)同理可求得;;∴=.【点评】考查向量数量积的运算及其计算公式,根据求的方法,以及向量夹角余弦的计算公式.24.【答案】=【解析】A 2=.设=.由A2=,得,从而解得x=-1,y=2,所以=。
2022-2023学年贵州省黔东南州凯里市第一中学高二上学期12月月考化学试题(解析版)
贵州省黔东南州凯里市第一中学2022-2023学年高二上学期12月月考化学试题学校:___________姓名:___________班级:___________考号:___________一、单选题1.化学与社会、生产、生活和科技都密切相关。
下列有关说法正确的是A .“天宫二号”使用的碳纤维,是一种新型有机高分子材料B .施肥时,草木灰不能与铵盐混合使用,是因为它们之间发生反应会降低肥效C .明矾常用作净水剂,是因为它能够消毒杀菌D .14C 可用于文物年代的鉴定,14C 与12C 互为同素异形体 【答案】B【详解】A .碳纤维主要成分为碳的单质,不是有机物,属于新型无机非金属材料,A 错误;B .草木灰的主要成分是碳酸钾,碳酸钾是强碱弱酸盐,水解使溶液显碱性,铵盐和OH -离子会发生反应:+-432NH +OH =NH +H O ,从而使肥效降低,B 正确;C .明矾是常用净水剂,其原理是:明矾内的铝离子水解后生成氢氧化铝胶体,具有吸附作用,可以吸附水中的杂质形成沉淀而使水澄清,但是它没有强氧化性,所以不能杀菌消毒,C 错误;D .12C 和14C 质子数相同中子数不同,互为同位素,D 错误;故答案选B 。
2.下列有关化学反应能量变化的说法错误的是A .对于反应H 2(g)+Cl 2(g)=2HCl(g),在光照和点燃条件下的ΔH 不相同B .C(s ,金刚石)=C(s ,石墨)ΔH<0,说明石墨比金刚石稳定C .热化学方程式的ΔH 大小与化学计量数有关D .若反应物的键能总和小于生成物的键能总和,则该反应是放热反应【答案】A【详解】A .同一反应,在相同条件下的焓变不随反应条件的改变而改变,反应H 2(g)+Cl 2(g)=2HCl(g)在光照和点燃条件下的△H 相同,故A 错误;B .已知C(s ,金刚石)=C(s ,石墨)ΔH<0,则石墨具有的能量低于金刚石具有的能量,物质具有的能量越低越稳定,则石墨比金刚石稳定,故B 正确;C .热化学方程式中化学计量数只表示物质的量,则热化学方程式的ΔH 大小与化学计量数成正比关系,故C 正确;D .焓变等于断裂化学键吸收的能量减去成键释放的能量,反应物的键能总和小于生成物的键能总和,焓变为负,该反应是放热反应,故D 正确;故选:A 。
2023-2024学年湖南省长沙市宁乡市第一高二上学期12月月考数学质量检测模拟试题(含解析)
2023-2024学年湖南省长沙市宁乡市第一高二上册12月月考数学模拟试题一、单选题1.已知正三棱柱111A B C ABC -,M 为棱BC 上靠近点C 的三等分点,则1A M =()A .1111123AC CC C B -+ B .111111122A C AB B B++C .1111113A C CBC C++ D .1111233A C ABC C++【正确答案】C【分析】根据空间向量的线性运算直接求解即可.【详解】1111111111111111133A M AC C M AC C C CM AC C C CB AC C B C C =+=++=++=++.故选:C.2.空间,,,A B C D 四点共面,但任意三点不共线,若P 为该平面外一点且5133=--PA PB xPC PD ,则实数x 的值为()A .43-B .13-C .13D .43【正确答案】C【分析】先设AB mAC nAD =+,然后把向量AB ,AC ,AD 分别用向量PA ,PB ,PC ,PD 表示,再把向量PA 用向量PB ,PC ,PD 表示出,对照已知的系数相等即可求解.【详解】解:因为空间A ,B ,C ,D 四点共面,但任意三点不共线,则可设AB mAC nAD =+,又点P 在平面外,则()()PB PA m PC PA n PD PA -=-+- ,即(1)m n PA PB mPC nPD ++=-++,则1111m n PA PB PC PD m n m n m n -=+++-+-+- ,又5133=-- PA PB xPC PD ,所以15131113m n m x m n n m n -⎧=⎪+-⎪⎪=-⎨+-⎪⎪=-⎪+-⎩,解得15m n ==,13x =,故选:C .3.若直线1l :430x y --=与直线2l :310x my -+=(m ∈R )互相垂直,则m =()A .34B .34-C .12D .12-【正确答案】B【分析】根据两直线垂直可得斜率之积为-1,即可求解.【详解】由题意得,当0m =时,直线2:310l x +=,与直线1l 不垂直,故0m ≠,直线1l 的斜率为14,直线2l 的斜率为3m,所以1314m⨯=-,解得34m =-,故选:B .4.已知圆22:20C x y y +-=的最大值为()A .4B .13C1+D.11+【正确答案】C.【详解】解:d ==,上式表示圆C 上的点(,)x y 到点(1,2)-的距离,因为圆22:(1)1C x y +-=,圆心(0,1)C ,半径1r =.显然1max d r =+=+.故选:C .5.已知圆22:25C x y +=与直线():3400l x y m m -+=>相切,则圆C 关于直线l 对称的圆的方程为()A .22(3)(4)16x y ++-=B .22(3)(4)25x y ++-=C .22(6)(8)16x y ++-=D .22(6)(8)25x y ++-=【正确答案】D【分析】利用圆与直线相切,求出m ,然后求出过圆C 圆心垂直于直线l 的直线方程,联立求出交点,再利用中点公式求出关于直线对称后圆的圆心坐标,半径没有改变,即可解决问题.【详解】由圆22:25C x y +=的圆心为原点O ,半径为5,又圆C 与直线l 相切,则O 到直线l 的距离为5d =,则5d ==,解得25m =,设过O 且与l 垂直的直线为0l ,则0l :430x y +=,联立4303342504x y x x y y +==-⎧⎧⇒⎨⎨-+==⎩⎩,得直线l 与0l 的交点为()3,4-,设圆心(0,0)O 关于点()3,4-的对称点为(),p n ,由中点公式有03620842p p nn +⎧-=⎪=-⎧⎪⇒⎨⎨+=⎩⎪=⎪⎩所以圆心(0,0)O 关于点()3,4-的对称点为()6,8-,因此圆C 关于直线l 对称的圆的方程为:22(6)(8)25x y ++-=,故选:D.6.命题甲:动点P 到两个定点,A B 的距离之和||||2(PA PB a +=常数0)a >;命题乙:P 点的轨迹是椭圆.则命题甲是命题乙的A .充分不必要条件B .必要不充分条件C .充要条件D .既非充分也非必要条件【正确答案】B【详解】由题意得,当动点P 到两个定点,A B 的距离之和2(PA PB a AB +=>常数0)a >时,点P 的轨迹为椭圆,所以甲是乙的必要不充分条件,故选B .7.已知双曲线22221(0,0)x y a b a b-=>>的右焦点与抛物线22(0)y px p =>的焦点重合,抛物线的准线交双曲线于A ,B 两点,交双曲线的渐近线于C 、D 两点,若|CD AB =.则双曲线的离心率为()A BC .2D .3【正确答案】A【分析】设公共焦点为(),0c ,进而可得准线为x c =-,代入双曲线及渐近线方程,结合线段长度比值可得2212a c =,再由双曲线离心率公式即可得解.【详解】设双曲线22221(0,0)x y a b a b-=>>与抛物线22(0)y px p =>的公共焦点为(),0c ,则抛物线22(0)y px p =>的准线为x c =-,令x c =-,则22221c y a b -=,解得2by a =±,所以22b AB a=,又因为双曲线的渐近线方程为b y x a =±,所以2bcCD a=,所以2bc a =c =,所以222212a c b c =-=,所以双曲线的离心率ce a==故选:A.8.已知1F ,2F 分别是双曲线2222:1(0,0)x y C a b a b -=>>的左、右焦点,直线l 过1F ,且l 与一条渐近线平行,若2F 到l 的距离大于a ,则双曲线C 的离心率的取值范围为()A .)+∞B .C .2⎫+∞⎪⎪⎝⎭D .1,2⎛ ⎝⎭【正确答案】C设直线l :()b y x c a =+,由2F 到l 的距离大于a ,得出b a 的范围,再由e =计算即可.【详解】设过1F 与渐近线by x a =平行的直线l 为()b y x c a=+,由题知2F 到直线l 的距离d a >,即2b a d =>=,可得12b a >,所以离心率2e =>.故选:C.本题考查计算双曲线离心率的范围,熟知公式e 可使计算变得简便,属于中档题.二、多选题9.已知直线360x +-=,则该直线()A .过点(3,B .斜率为C .倾斜角为60︒D .在x 轴上的截距为6-【正确答案】AB【分析】验证法判断选项A ;求得直线的斜率判断选项B ;求得直线的倾斜角判断选项C ;求得直线在x 轴上的截距判断选项D.【详解】对于A ,当3x =时,3360⨯-=,∴y =∴直线过点(3,,故A 正确;对于B ,由题意得,y =+B 正确;对于C ,∵直线的斜率为,∴直线的倾斜角为120︒,故C 错误;对于D ,当0y =时,2x =,∴该直线在x 轴上的截距为2,故D 错误.故选:AB .10.已知圆221:(1)4O x y -+=,圆222:(5)4O x y m -+=,下列说法正确的是()A .若4m =,则圆1O 与圆2O 相交B .若4m =,则圆1O 与圆2O 外离C .若直线0x y -=与圆2O 相交,则258m >D .若直线0x y -=与圆1O 相交于M ,N 两点,则||MN =【正确答案】AC【分析】根据直线与圆相交、圆与圆位置关系逐项判断即可.【详解】解:圆221:(1)4O x y -+=的圆心()11,0O ,半径12r =若4m =,222:(5)16O x y -+=,则圆心()25,0O ,半径24r =,则1212124,6,2O O r r r r =+=-=,所以112221O O r r r r -<<+,则圆1O 与圆2O 相交,故A 正确,B 错误;若直线0x y -=与圆2O 相交,则圆心()25,0O 到直线0x y -=的距离d =,解得258m >,故C 正确;若直线0x y -=与圆1O 相交于M ,N 两点,则圆心()11,0O 到直线0x y -=的距离2d ==,所以相交弦长MN ===,故D 错误.故选:AC.11.如图,在四棱锥P ABCD -中,已知PA ⊥底面ABCD ,底面ABCD 为等腰梯形,AD ∥,1BC AB AD CD ===,2BC PA ==,记四棱锥P ABCD -的外接球为球O ,平面PAD 与平面PBC 的交线为,l BC 的中点为E ,则()A .l ∥BCB .AB PC⊥C .平面PDE ⊥平面PAD D .l 被球O 截得的弦长为1【正确答案】ABD【分析】由AD BC ∕∕,可得BC ∕∕平面PAD ,再根据线面平行的性质即可证得l BC ∕∕,即可判断A ;对于B ,连接,AE AC ,证明AB AC ⊥,PA AB ⊥,即可得AB ⊥平面PAC ,再根据线面垂直的性质即可证得AB PC ⊥,即可判断B ;对于C ,如图以A 为原点建立空间直角坐标系,求出两个平面的法向量,判断法向量是否垂直,即可判断C ;对于D ,易得四棱锥P ABCD -的外接球的球心O 在过点E 且垂直于面ABCD 的直线上,求出半径,再利用向量法求出点O 到直线l 的距离,最后利用圆的弦长公式求出l 被球O 截得的弦长,即可判断D.【详解】解:对于A ,因为AD BC ∕∕,AD ⊂平面PAD ,BC ⊄平面PAD ,所以BC ∕∕平面PAD ,又因平面PAD 与平面PBC 的交线为l ,所以l BC ∕∕,故A 正确;对于B ,连接,AE AC ,在等腰梯形ABCD 中,因为1AB AD CD ===,2BC =,BC 的中点为E ,所以四边形,ABED AECD 都是菱形,所以,AC DE AB DE ⊥∕∕,所以AB AC ⊥,因为PA ⊥底面ABCD ,AB ⊂面ABCD ,所以PA AB ⊥,又PA AC A = ,所以AB ⊥平面PAC ,又因PC ⊂平面PAC ,所以AB PC ⊥,故B 正确;对于C ,如图以A 为原点建立空间直角坐标系,则()110,0,2,,,22P D E ⎛⎫⎛⎫- ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭,则()()110,0,2,,,0,,,2,1,0,02222AP AD PD DE ⎛⎫⎛⎫==-=--=⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭,设平面PDE 的法向量()111,,m x y z = ,平面PAD 的法向量()222,,n x y z = ,则111112020m PD x z m DE x ⎧⋅=-+-=⎪⎨⎪⋅==⎩,可取(0,m = ,同理可取)n =,因为40m n ⋅=≠,所以m 与n 不垂直,所以平面PDE 与平面PAD 不垂直,故C 错误;对于D ,由B 选项可知,EA EB EC ED ===,则点E 即为四边形ABCD 外接圆的圆心,故四棱锥P ABCD -的外接球的球心O 在过点E 且垂直于面ABCD 的直线上,设外接球的半径为R ,则OA OP R ==,则OA =所以R =,设OP 与l 所成的角为θ,点O 到直线l 的距离为d ,()()11,0,0,0,,,,122B C O ⎛⎫⎪ ⎪⎝⎭,因为l BC ∕∕,直线l的方向向量可取()BC =-,1,22OP ⎛⎫=-- ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭,则cos ,4BC OP =-,所以sin 4θ=,所以sin 2d OP θ==,所以l 被球O 截得的弦长为1=,故D 正确.故选:ABD.12.如图所示,抛物线E :()220y px p =>的焦点为F ,过点(),0M p 的直线1l ,2l 与E 分别相交于()11,A x y ,()22,B x y 和C ,D 两点,直线AD 经过点F ,当直线AB 垂直于x 轴时,3AF =.下列结论正确的是()A .E 的方程为24y x =B .1212y y =-C .若AD ,BC 的斜率分别为1k ,2k ,则123k k =D .若AD ,BC 的倾斜角分别为α,β,则()tan αβ-2【正确答案】AD【分析】根据抛物线定义表示AF ,由条件列方程求p 可得抛物线方程,判断A ,设AB 的方程为2x ty =+,利用设而不求法求12y y ,判断B ,设()()3344,,,C x y B x y ,利用设而不求法求34y y ,根据直线AD 经过点F ,确定14,y y 的关系,利用1y 表示12,k k ,判断C ,讨论α,结合12,k k 关系利用基本不等式求()tan αβ-的最值即可判断D.【详解】当直线AB 垂直于x 轴时,直线AB 的方程为x p =,所以点A 的横坐标为p ,所以2pAF p =+,又3AF =,所以2p =,所以抛物线的方程为24y x =,A 正确;所以()2,0M ,若直线AB 的斜率为0,则直线AB 与抛物线只有一个交点,以已知矛盾,故可设直线AB 的方程为2x ty =+,联立242y x x ty ⎧=⎨=+⎩,化简可得2480y ty --=,方程2480y ty --=的判别式216320t ∆=+>,由已知12,y y 为方程2480y ty --=的两根,所以12124,8y y t y y +==-,211168,B y y ⎛⎫- ⎪⎝⎭,B 错误;同理可设CD 的方程为2x ny =+,联立242y x x ny ⎧=⎨=+⎩,化简可得2480y ny --=,方程2480y ny --=的判别式216320n ∆=+>,设()()3344,,,C D x y y x 所以34344,8y y n y y +==-,244168,C y y ⎛⎫- ⎪⎝⎭,若直线AD 的斜率存在,则11x ≠,41x ≠,2241y y ≠,因为直线AD 经过点F ,所以1411411y yk x x ==--,所以()()1441144y y y y y y -=-,因为14y y ≠,所以144y y =-,所以4114214224188116162y y y y k y y y y -+==-+-,所以11122114414y y k y y ==--,1221112244y k y y y ==--,所以122k k =,C 错误;因为AD ,BC 的倾斜角分别为α,β,当π,π2α⎛⎫∈ ⎪⎝⎭时,因为122k k =,所以tan 2tan αβ=,所以()2tan tan tan 01tan n tan 12tan ta ααββαβββ-==<++-,当π2α=时,()()1,2,1,2A D -,()4,4B -,()4,4C 所以π2β=,此时()tan 0αβ-=,当π0,2α⎛⎫∈ ⎪⎝⎭,因为122k k =,所以tan 2tan αβ=,所以()2tan tan tan 111tan tan 12tan 2ta t n n an ta αββαββββαβ-===+-++所以()t 2an 11tan tan αβββ≤-=+当且仅当tan 2β=,tan α时等号成立,即1k =所以()tan αβ-的最大值为4,D 正确;故选:AD.(1)解答直线与抛物线的题目时,时常把两个曲线的方程联立,消去x (或y )建立一元二次方程,然后借助根与系数的关系,并结合题设条件建立有关参变量的等量关系.(2)涉及到直线方程的设法时,务必考虑全面,不要忽略直线斜率为0或不存在等特殊情形.三、填空题13.一个圆经过椭圆2219y x +=的三个顶点,且圆心在y 轴的正半轴上,则该圆的标准方程为______.【正确答案】2242539x y ⎛⎫+-= ⎪⎝⎭【分析】设出圆心与半径,根据过椭圆的上顶点、左右顶点,由半径相等列方程求解.【详解】由2219y x +=及圆心位置知:圆经过椭圆的上顶点坐标为()0,3,左右顶点坐标为()1,0±,设圆的圆心()0,a ,半径为r ,则()22213r a a +==-,解得43a =,53r =,故圆的方程为2242539x y ⎛⎫+-= ⎪⎝⎭.故答案为.2242539x y ⎛⎫+-= ⎪⎝⎭14.若抛物线2y mx =的准线与直线1x =间的距离为3,则抛物线的方程为______.【正确答案】216y x =-或28y x=【分析】先求出抛物线的准线,再根据距离列方程求解即可.【详解】抛物线2y mx =的准线为4m x =-,则134m --=,解得16m =-或8m =,故抛物线的方程为216y x =-或28y x =.故216y x =-或28y x =.15.已知抛物线22y px =的焦点F 与双曲线22179x y -=的右焦点重合,抛物线的准线与x 轴的交点为K ,点A 在抛物线上且AK =,则△AFK 的面积为.【正确答案】32【详解】由双曲线22179x y -=得右焦点为()40,即为抛物线22y px =的焦点,∴42p =,解得8p =.∴抛物线的方程为216y x =.其准线方程为()440x K =-∴-,,.过点A 作AM ⊥准线,垂足为点M .则AM AF =.∴AK AM =.∴45MAK ∠=︒.∴KF AF =.∴221183222AKF S KF ==⨯= .16.如图,在四棱锥P ABCD -中,四边形ABCD 是矩形,PA ⊥平面ABCD ,2PA AB ==,6AD =,点Q 是侧棱PD 的中点,点M ,N 分别在边AB ,BC 上,当空间四边形PMND 的周长最小时,点Q 到平面PMN 的距离为______.【分析】平面PAB 沿AB 展开到与平面ABCD 共面,当点P ,M ,N 和D ¢共线时周长最小,计算得到1AM =,4NC =,2BN =,建立空间直角坐标系,计算平面PMN的法向量为()2,1,1n =- ,根据距离公式计算得到答案.【详解】要使得空间四边形PMND 周长最小,只需将平面PAB 沿AB 展开到与平面ABCD 共面,延长DC 至D ¢,使得2DC CD '==,于是点N 在线段DD '的垂直平分线上,所以ND ND '=,因为PD 为定值,故当点P ,M ,N 和D ¢共线时,空间四边形PMND 的周长最小,易得PAM NCD PDD '' △△△,即得PA NC PD AM CD DD =='',即226222NC AM +==+,所以1AM =,4NC =,642BN =-=,以A 为坐标原点,AB 为x 轴,AD 为y 轴,AP 为z 轴,建立如图所示的空间直角坐标系,则()0,0,0A ,()002P ,,,()0,6,0D ,由题意可得()1,0,0M ,()2,2,0N ,()0,3,1Q ,则()1,0,2PM =- ,()2,2,2PN =- ,设(),,n x y z =r 是平面PMN 的一个法向量,则00n PM n PN ⎧⋅=⎪⎨⋅=⎪⎩.即得202220x z x y z -=⎧⎨+-=⎩,令1z =,得2x =,1y =-,()2,1,1n =- ,()0,3,1PQ =- ,所以点Q 到平面PMN的距离3n PQ d n ⋅== .四、解答题17.已知Rt ABC 的顶点(8,5)A ,直角顶点为(3,8)B ,顶点C 在y 轴上;(1)求顶点C 的坐标;(2)求Rt ABC 外接圆的方程.【正确答案】(1)(0,3)(2)22(4)(4)17x y -+-=【分析】(1)设点C 坐标,然后根据AB BC ⊥列方程,解方程即可得到点C 坐标;(2)根据直角三角形外接圆的特点,得到圆心坐标和半径,然后写方程即可.【详解】(1)设点()0,C m ,由题意:1AB BC k k ⋅=-,853385AB k -==--,所以85033BC m k -==-,解得3m =,所以点()0,3C .(2)因为Rt ABC △的斜边AC 的中点为圆心,所以圆心的坐标为()4,4,r =所以圆心的方程为()()224417x y -+-=.18.已知:双曲线:C 221169x y -=.(1)求双曲线C 的焦点坐标、顶点坐标、离心率;(2)若一条双曲线与已知双曲线C 有相同的渐近线,且经过点3)A -,求该双曲线的方程.【正确答案】(1)焦点()5,0±,顶点()4,0±,离心率54e =;(2)224194y x -=【分析】(1)由双曲线:C 221169x y -=可得:4,3a b ==,从而求得:5c =,问题得解.(2)设所求双曲线的方程为:22169x y -=λ,将()3A -代入即可求得λ,问题得解.【详解】 双曲线:C 221169x y -=,所以4,3a b ==,∴5c ==,∴双曲线C 的焦点坐标()5,0-,()5,0,顶点坐标()4,0-,()4,0,离心率54c e a ==.(2)设所求双曲线的方程为:22169x y -=λ,将()3A -代入上式得:(()223169λ--=,解得:14λ=-∴所求双曲线的方程为:224194y x -=.(1)主要考查了双曲线的简单几何性质,属于基础题.(2)主要考查了共渐近线的双曲线方程的特征-若双曲线方程为:22221x y a b-=()0,0a b >>则与它共共渐近线的双曲线方程可设为:2222x y a bλ-=,属于基础题.19.已知正方体1111ABCD A B C D -中,,E F 分别为棱11,D D B B 的中点.(1)求证;1,,,A E C F 四点共面;(2)求二面角11A EB C --的余弦值.【正确答案】(1)证明见解析;(2).【分析】(1)建立空间直角坐标系,求出1 A E ,FC 坐标得1A E FC =uuu r uu u r ,从而得四边形1A ECF 为平行四边形即可证明;(2)分别求出平面11A EB 与平面1EB C 的法向量m 和n ,利用向量法求解二面角的公式cos ,m n m n m n⋅<>= 即可求解.【详解】解:如图建立空间直角坐标系D xyz -,设正方体的边长为2,(1)因为()10,2,2A ,()0,0,1E ,()2,0,0C ,()2,2,1F ,所以()10,2,1A E =-- ,()0,2,1FC =-- ,所以1A E FC =uuu r uu u r ,所以1//A E FC ,且1A E FC =,所以四边形1A ECF 为平行四边形,所以1,,,A E C F 四点共面;(2)()12,2,2B ,设平面11A EB 的法向量分别为(),,m x y z = ,则11100m A E m A B ⎧⋅=⎪⎨⋅=⎪⎩,即2020y z x --=⎧⎨=⎩,取1y =得()0,1,2m =- ,同理可得,平面1EB C 的法向量()1,2,2n =- ,所以cos ,5m n m n m n⋅<>==- ,由图可知,二面角为钝角,所以二面角11A EB C --的余弦值为.20.已知四棱锥P ABCD -中,PA ⊥平面ABCD ,AB DC ,2PA AD DC AB ===,点E 在棱PC上,BE 平面PAD .(1)证明:BE PD ⊥;(2)若90PDC ∠= ,求直线BE 与平面PBD 所成角的正弦值.【正确答案】(1)证明见解析(2)3【分析】(1)过E 作DC 的平行线交PD 于点F ,结合线面平行的性质得BE AF ∥,可得E ,F 分别为PC ,PA 的中点,结合AP AD =得AF PD ⊥,又BE AF ∥即可证得BE PD ⊥;(2)由已知条件证得AB ⊥面PAD ,得AB AD ⊥.建空间直角坐标系,求出面PBD 的法向量,然后利用向量夹角公式求得结果.【详解】(1)过E 作DC 的平行线交PD 于点F ,连接AF ,又AB DC ,则EF AB ∥,则,,,B E F A 四点共面,∵BE 面PAD ,BE ⊂面BEFA ,面BEFA ⋂面PAD AF =,∴BE AF ∥,故BEFA 为平行四边形,从而12EF AB DC ==,∴E ,F 分别为PC ,PA 的中点,又AP AD =,∴AF PD ⊥,又BE AF ∥,∴BE PD ⊥.(2)因为DC PD ⊥,AB DC ,所以AB PD ⊥,由PA ⊥平面ABCD ,AB ⊂平面ABCD ,得PA AB ⊥,又PA PD P = ,,PA PD ⊂面PAD ,所以AB ⊥面PAD ,又AD ⊂面PAD ,所以AB AD ⊥.所以,以A 为原点,,,AB AD AP 为,,x y z 轴建空间直角坐标系,设1AB =,则有()()()()()()0,0,0,1,0,0,2,2,0,0,2,0,0,0,2,1,1,1A B C D P E .所以()1,2,0BD =- ,()1,0,2BP =- ,设面PBD 的法向量为(),,n x y z =r ,则2020n BD x y n BP x z ⎧⋅=-+=⎪⎨⋅=-+=⎪⎩ ,令2x =,所以()2,1,1n = .又有()0,1,1BE = ,记α为BE 与平面PBD 所成角,则sin cos ,BE n BE n BE nα⋅==== 所以BE 与平面PBD21.已知双曲线2222:1(0,0)x y C a b a b-=>>,且点(2,1)A 在双曲线C 上.(1)求双曲线C 的方程;(2)若点M ,N 在双曲线C 上,且AM AN ⊥,直线MN 不与y 轴平行,证明:直线MN 的斜率k 为定值.【正确答案】(1)22133y x -=(2)直线MN 的斜率k 为定值12-【分析】(1)根据离心率公式确定c =,再根据双曲线经过点(2,1)A 即可求解;(2)利用韦达定理用坐标表示出0AM AN ⋅= ,进而可求解.【详解】(1)由题可得离心率c a=c =,又因为222c a b =+,所以22a b =,所以双曲线方程为22221x y a a-=,又因为双曲线过点(2,1)A ,所以22411a a-=,解得23a =,所以双曲线方程为22133y x -=.(2)设直线MN 的方程为()()1122,,,,y kx m M x y N x y =+,联立22133y kx m x y =+⎧⎪⎨-=⎪⎩得()2221230k x kmx m ----=,则210k -≠得21k ≠,()()2222Δ44130k m k m =+-+>,得2233m k >-,212122223,11km m x x x x k k --+==--,()21212222222,11k m m y y k x x m m k k +=++=+=--()()()222212121212231m k y y kx m kx m k x x km x x m k -=++=+++=-,因为AM AN ⊥,所以0AM AN ⋅= ,所以1212(2)(2)(1)(1)0x x y y --+--=,即121212122()4()10x x x x y y y y -+++-++=,所以222222234324101111m km m k m k k k k -----++++=----,所以21240km k m ---=即()()12210k m k --+=,得120k m --=或210k +=,若120k m --=,则直线MN 的方程为12y kx k =+-,即1(2)y k x -=-过点(2,1)A ,不符合题意,若210k +=,则12k =-,满足AM AN ⊥,综上直线MN 的斜率k 为定值12-.22.已知抛物线C :()220y px p =>,点(2,A 在抛物线上.(1)求抛物线C 的焦点坐标和准线方程;(2)若直线1l :()20x my m =+≠交抛物线C 于M 、N 两点,交直线2l :2x =-于点P ,记直线AM ,AP ,AN 的斜率分别为1k ,2k ,3k ,求证:1k ,2k ,3k 成等差数列.【正确答案】(1)焦点坐标为()1,0,准线方程为=1x -(2)证明见解析【分析】(1)将点(2,A 的坐标代入抛物线方程中求出p ,从而可求出焦点坐标和准线方程;(2)两直线方程联立求出点P 的坐标,设()11,M x y ,()22,N x y ,再将直线1l 方程代入抛物线方程中,消去x ,利用根与系数的关系,再结合斜率公式化简证明【详解】(1)将(2,A 代入()220y px p =>,得2p =,所以焦点坐标为()1,0,准线方程为=1x -.(2)由22x my x =+⎧⎨=-⎩得.42,P m ⎛⎫-- ⎪⎝⎭设()11,M x y ,()22,N x y ,由242y x x my ⎧=⎨=+⎩得:2480y my --=,则121248y y m y y +=⎧⎨=-⎩,所以((12211213121222y y y y y y k k x x my y -+---+=--)12121222y y y y my y m-+==又241222m k m --==+--,所以222k m =+,所以1322k k k +=,即1k ,2k ,3k 成等差数列.。
宁夏平罗中学2021-2022学年高二上学期第一次月考(12月)语文试题 Word版含答案
平罗中学2021—2022学年度第一学期月考考试高二语文试卷第Ⅰ卷一、基础学问(15分)1、下列句中加点词的意思与现代汉语相同的一项是()(3分)①、至于颠覆,理固宜然..②、下而从六国破亡之故事..③、师不必..贤与弟子④、可谓智力..孤危,战败而亡,诚不得已⑤、思厥先祖父..⑥、则胜败之数,存亡..之理⑦、诸侯之所亡,与战败而亡者,其实..亦百倍A、③④B、①⑦C、②⑤D、①⑥2、从文言句式看,与例句相同的一句是()(3分)例句:洎牧以谗诛,邯郸为郡A、有如此之势,而为秦人积威之所劫B、赂秦而力亏,破灭之道也C、赵尝五战于秦,二败而三胜。
D、向使三国各爱其地,齐人勿附于秦3、下列对加点字的解释不正确的一项是()(3分)A、六国破灭,非兵.不利,战不善(兵器)B、然今卒.困于此,此天之亡我,非战之罪也(最终)C、至丹以荆卿为计,始速.祸焉。
(招致)D、后秦击赵者再.,李牧连却之(再次)4、下列各句中,加点的成语使用恰当的一项是()(3分)A. 厂长动情地说:“为了扭转目前的不利局面,我们将接受一种新的对策,期望大家共同努力,功败垂成....,在此一举!”B. 据了解,“陆海统筹海水西调高峰论坛”中“海水西调”观点的始作俑者....为西安交通高校社会工程争辩中心教授霍有光。
C.邹昊告知记者,为了爱护我们的干部,接受全程电子跟踪管理,既保证了整个流程的公开透亮,也避开了瓜田李下....之嫌。
D.中学语文课文的主要功能是挂念中同学打基础,而鲁迅杂文令疲乏不堪的学子们因目无全牛....,而对这些课文产生畏惧和逆反心理。
5、下列各句中,没有语病的一句是()(3分)A.国务院抗震救灾总指挥部要求各级政府细心组织,细心实施,细心规划,使灾区人民在恢复重建中赢得新的进展机遇。
B.市广电局宣称:将来三个月将在市区居民小区全面落实和推动有线电视数字化精神,居民小区电视信号由模拟制转换为数字制。
C.很多企业都生疏到,为了应对消费需求和竞争格局的变化,必需把改进服务提到与研发新产品同等重要的位置上。
湖北省华中师范大学第一附属中学2023-2024学年高二上学期12月月考英语试卷
湖北省华中师范大学第一附属中学2023-2024学年高二上学期12月月考英语试卷学校:___________姓名:___________班级:___________考号:___________一、阅读理解This Is How You Walk the WalkPeople call walking the“perfect exercise”. It gets your heart pumping, clears your head and fills your lungs with fresh air. Not bad, but we found a way to make it even better. Before you take your next 10,000 steps, add a little stuck to your stroll. Take a Stawer walking stick anywhere and I promise that you’ll feel like a conquering hero. Its powers will astonish you.What’s the secret?Our Stawer walking sticks are a tip of the top hat to turn-of-the-century tradition.Today, serious collectors gladly pay thousands for rare and handcrafted sticks from the 19th century. But only Stawer walking sticks can deliver a modern version of these classics that looks and feels as good as the original for only $59 each!Details·36 inches long. Imported Eucalyptus wood.·Solid brass handles with varying finishes.·Rubber tips. Supports up to 250 pounds.·All models available in 40 inches height.Your satisfaction 100% guaranteedExperience the comfort and elegance of our delicate walking sticks for 30 days. If you’re not feeling the power, simply send it back within 30 days for a refund (退款) of the item price.Still hesitate? Corne and check out the real users’ reviews!Praise for Stawer walking sticks“An excellent walking stick. Solid and elegant. Perfect for a night out. Well crafted.”Mr Jacob/from Pacific Grove, CALimited EditionOnly 500 each available only! These handcrafted beauties take months to craft and are running(not walking) out the door. So, take a step in the right direction. Call today! 1.Which is unrelated to Mr Jacob’s review about the Stawer walking stick?A.Its firmness.B.Its craftsmanship.C.Its cheapness.D.Its practicality.2.What are we advised to do before buying the stick?A.Prepare enough money.B.Check reviews first.C.Apply for a discount.D.Buy as soon as possible.3.Where can we read the text?A.A travel brochure.B.A business magazine.C.A product survey.D.An instruction book.It was 1963 in the Toronto suburb. I was eight years old and hockey (冰球) -crazy. My next-to-zero skills had not stopped my passion for the game. The players of the great hockey club Toronto Maple Leafs were of course my heroes, and their posters and photos covered the walls of my room.There is always some price to pay for maintaining a love. I raised funds in an old-fashioned way, selling something the public could actually sink their teeth into. I joined the local annual event — Margaret’s Doughnuts (甜甜圈) to sell doughnuts, which offered choices of honey-glazed or chocolate-glazed.Door-to-door I went, notebook in hand to record. I sold dozens of dozens; hardly a soul turned me down. My notebook was almost full, and my stomach was almost empty when I went up the last house on the south side.I rang the doorbell and went over my speech while staring at the screen door. Suddenly, the door opened. My unforgettable memory was looking up from a large pair of fuzzy slippers, way up, to the face staring down. I stood there speechless for what seemed 10 years, opening and closing my mouth like a fish out of water. Collecting my calmness, but still unable to go into doughnut-promoting overdrive, I told him something he seemed have already known and he replied with a nod and a smile.I have an unclear memory of murmuring through my speech “Please-buy-some-doughnuts”, and then a vivid memory of him taking the notebook from my hand. I followed with new information — that we shared our given name. With pride from our first-name-basis farewells, I flew home holding the notebook tightly to my chest.The next morning before the school bell, I cautiously showed off the precious paper. It is surely mine alone to claim: I sold a dozen doughnuts to Tim Horton, one of my mostrespected players who lived a mere three blocks away!4.What can we know about the author?A.He obtained posters and photos from a star team.B.He joined Toronto Maple Leafs as a young child.C.He was not much of an experienced hockey player.D.His love for hockey was influenced by a star team.5.Why did the author sell doughnuts?A.To follow the fashion.B.To respond to an event.C.To taste more flavors.D.To pursue his hobby.6.What happened to the author when he met the owner of the last house?A.He was so speechless with astonishment.B.He was looked down upon by the owner.C.He was scared by the owner’s appearance.D.He forgot his speech for selling doughnuts.7.Which is the most suitable title for the text?A.A Successful Sale Promotion Of DoughnutsB.An Amazing Journey To Following My DreamC.A Grateful Doughnut Helping Awaken My DreamD.An Unexpected Meeting With My Favorite HockeyFresh fish should have a mild smell. Strong fishy smells are the first signs to go bad. How do the fishy smells come from?It can be several days from when the fish are caught to when they reach the supermarket. In that time, bacteria that grow naturally in fish start to consume a substance called trimethylamine N-oxide(TMAO)in fish. These bacteria change TMAO into trimethylamine (TMA), the substance responsible for the fishy smells. Bacteria in fish can also change lysine(赖氨酸)into cadaverine(尸胺), a substance that’s associated with breaking down the fish once they are caught and giving off fishy smell.Chemical reactions can also lead to fishy smells. This happens through the oxidation(氧化)of fat. Fish are an important source of omega-3 fatty acids. When these fats are exposed to oxygen, they oxidize and break down into the substance that you can smell.To slow down the fishy smell, what is beyond question is that the less time between when the fish are caught and when they reach the kitchen, the better. But today, fish are oftenflown across the globe. To keep smell-producing bacteria at bay, the fish must be frozen or kept at the low temperature possible as soon as they are caught and cleaned.Controlling fat oxidation can function as well, especially for fattier fish species. While freezing slows bacterial growth, it does not stop fat oxidation. This reaction will occur as long as oxygen is present. Fatty fish are usually not frozen because, despite the cold temperature, they’re going to oxidize pretty fast unless they are stored in a low oxygen container. That’s why those species are often canned.It’s also important to remember that smell is not always an indicator of safety, especially in processed fish products. “What you might consider the fishy smell may be a delicacy in another culture,” said Carl A.Batt, a professor of food science at Cornell University. 8.Which of the following has the fishy smell?A.Fish fat.B.TMAO.C.Cadaverine.D.Lysine. 9.What is the best way to reduce the fishy smell of fat fish species?A.Drying them in the air.B.Storing them in closed containers.C.Carefully cleaning them.D.Exposing them to rich oxygen. 10.What is Carl A.Batt’s attitude to the fishy smell?A.Objective.B.Negative.C.Acceptable.D.Unclear.11.How is the text organized?A.Topic—Example—Conclusion.B.Topic—Comparison—Opinion.C.Question——Cause——Solution.D.Question—Effect—Opinion.Nowadays, people are increasingly interacting with others in social media environments where algorithms control the flow of social information they see. People’s interactions with online algorithms may affect how they learn from others, with negative consequences including social misperceptions, conflict and the spread of misinformation.On social media platforms, algorithms are mainly designed to amplify (放大) information that sustains engagement, meaning they keep people clicking on content and coming back to the platforms. There is evidence suggesting that a side effect of this design is that algorithms amplify information people are strongly biased (偏向的) to learn from. Wecall this information “PRIME”, for prestigious, in-group, moral and emotional information.In our evolutionary past, biases to learn from PRIME information were very advantageous: Learning from prestigious individuals is efficient because these people are successful and their behavior can be copied. Paying attention to people who violate moral norms is important because punishing them helps the community maintain cooperation. But what happens when PRIME information becomes amplified by algorithms and some people exploit (利用) algorithm amplification to promote themselves? Prestige becomes a poor signal of success because people can fake prestige on social media. News become filled with negative and moral information so that there is conflict rather than cooperation.The interaction of human psychology and algorithm amplification leads to disfunction because social learning supports cooperation and problem-solving, but social media algorithms are designed to increase engagement. We call it functional mismatch. One of the key outcomes of functional mismatch is that people start to form incorrect perceptions of their social world, which often occurs in the field of politics. Recent research suggests that when algorithms selectively amplify more extreme political views, people begin to think that their political in-group and out-group are more sharply divided than they really are. Such “false polarization” might be an important source of greater political conflict.So what’s next? A key question is what can be done to make algorithms facilitate accurate human social learning rather than exploit social learning biases. Some research team is working on new algorithm designs that increase engagement while also punishing PRIME information. This may maintain user activity that social media platforms seek, but also make people’s social perceptions more accurate.12.What are social media algorithms targeted at?A.Improving social environment.B.Generating PRIME information.C.Avoiding side effects of social media.D.Raising the media platform click rate. 13.Why does the author refer to “false polarization” in paragraph 4?A.To make an assumption.B.To illustrate a conclusion.C.To explain a political issue.D.To present an extreme case. 14.According to the author, algorithms will be improved so as to ________.A.boost engagement and regulate amplificationB.strengthen social learning and delete biasesC.identify biases and punish PRIME informationD.monitor media platforms and guarantee users’ privacy15.What is the best title of the text?A.PRIME information meets with misperceptionsB.Algorithms control the flow of social informationC.Social media algorithms twist human social learningD.Online algorithm designs face unexpected challengesTraditional American summer camps offer young people a chance to play many sports.or music. Or they teach computer programming or foreign languages. Children at all kinds of camps meet new friends.Some children go to camp during the day and return home at night. 17 Children stay at an overnight camp for between one and eight weeks. Parents need to pay. Children from poor families might not have a chance to attend summer camps. The Fresh Air Fund is a well-known organization.18 Each summer it sends ten thousand poor children to stay with families in the country or to five camps in New York State.19 Many American women now work outside the home. Working parents need a place where their children can be cared for during the summer when they are not in school.Young people who like the arts can learn about painting, music, acting or writing. Camps that offer programs in science and environmental studies are popular, too. There are also camps for older children who like wilderness adventure. 20 Or, they go rock-climbing or horse-riding.A.What on are summer camps?B.Others stay at camps all day and all night.C.Or they may be in the woods, or at a lake.D.These campers usually take long trips by bicycle.E.Summer camps have become important to millions of families.F.People around the country give money to support the organization.G.They will probably never realize the significance of participating in summer camps.二、完形填空Hearing the Olympics were coming to Vancouver, I decided to go for its voluntary work. I’d forgotten what it was like to put myself out there to make friends. I was glad I didn’t havesitting by her started a 22 . I still keep in touch with her.As night fell before the opening ceremonies, I was stationed outside the MMC.Accents from all over 23 my ears. The games seemed to 24 the whole world. Suddenly, I could see people running toward the harbour. I turned to Callie, “Isn’t that the way to the torch (火炬)?” We looked at each other and started to run. My heart pounded as I sprinted. The air seemed to be 25 with everyone’s excitement, like a kind of electric energy pulsing through us. I’d never felt a(n) 26 like it before. Then, fireworks 27 into the air above us. Their bright colors glittered against the dark sky. I had 28 the lighting of the torch many times on TV, but to actually see it 29 was amazing. When the last of the fireworks 30 , there stood the Olympic torch unveiled (揭幕) in all its 31 with its flames licking at the night sky.Even now, I can still remember the heat from the torch. I had been one of the 32 MMC staff to walk underneath it while it burned. A beacon (灯塔) of 33 for the future. I stood for a moment right under it, listening to the 34 voices of my new friends, and I knew I’d made one of the best 35 of my life.21.A.otherwise B.therefore C.however D.instead 22.A.conversation B.cooperation C.friendship D.career 23.A.struck B.filled C.blocked D.awoke 24.A.dominate B.rebuild C.change D.unite 25.A.charged B.accompanied C.connected D.furnished 26.A.wonder B.impact C.atmosphere D.challenge 27.A.flooded B.transferred C.released D.exploded 28.A.watched B.advocated C.sought D.identified 29.A.in particular B.in person C.as well D.as usual 30.A.died down B.set off C.came out D.passed by 31.A.power B.reputation C.glory D.faith 32.A.permanent B.professional C.reliable D.lucky 33.A.view B.hope C.appeal D.aim34.A.excited B.determined C.convincing D.astonishing 35.A.contributions B.conclusions C.decisions D.evaluations三、语法填空阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
云南省下关第一中学2023-2024学年高二上学期12月月考英语试题
云南省下关第一中学2023-2024学年高二上学期12月月考英语试题学校:___________姓名:___________班级:___________考号:___________一、短对话1.Where does the conversation probably take place?A.In a stadium.B.In a cafeteria.C.In a hotel.2.What will the woman do tonight?A.Reschedule the meeting.B.Join a sports club.C.See a doctor.3.How did the man get the news?A.He visited the school website.B.He got the news from an email.C.He was informed by the woman.4.What does the man imply?A.His wife adores the hat.B.The woman’s hat bothers him.C.His wife finds the hat disgusting.5.Where will the man be at 11:00?A.At the airport.B.At the office.C.At the restaurant.二、长对话听下面一段对话,回答以下小题。
6.Who will be the audience for the man’s presentation?A.His tutor.B.Senior students.C.Freshmen.7.Where is the presentation going to be held?A.In the school library.B.In the school theatre.C.In the Students’ Union.听下面一段对话,回答以下小题。
高二年级第一学期语文第一次月考试卷2(附答案)
高二年级第一学期语文第一次月考试卷(附答案)一、现代文阅读(36 分)(一)论述类文本阅读(本题共 3 小题,9 分)阅读下面的文字,完成 1~3 题。
中国古典文学中的“诗言志” 传统,在不同的历史时期有着不同的内涵和表现形式。
从《诗经》中的“维是褊心,是以为刺” 到屈原的“怨灵修之浩荡兮,终不察夫民心”,从汉乐府的“感于哀乐,缘事而发” 到建安诗人的“梗概而多气”,从唐代诗人的“文章合为时而著,歌诗合为事而作” 到宋代诗人的“以议论为诗”,可以看出,“诗言志” 传统始终贯穿在中国古典文学的发展历程中。
“诗言志” 中的“志”,最初是指诗人的志向、抱负和情感,后来逐渐扩展到对社会现实的关注和批判。
在《诗经》中,“志” 主要表现为诗人对爱情、婚姻、家庭、劳动等生活场景的赞美和歌颂,以及对统治者的不满和批判。
在屈原的作品中,“志” 则表现为诗人对国家命运的担忧和对自身遭遇的悲愤。
在汉乐府中,“志” 主要表现为诗人对民间疾苦的同情和对社会不公的批判。
在建安诗人的作品中,“志” 表现为诗人对人生短暂的感慨和对建功立业的渴望。
在唐代诗人的作品中,“志” 则表现为诗人对社会现实的关注和对国家命运的担忧。
在宋代诗人的作品中,“志” 主要表现为诗人对人生哲理的思考和对社会现实的批判。
“诗言志” 传统在中国古典文学中的重要性不言而喻。
它不仅为中国古典文学提供了丰富的思想内涵和艺术价值,而且对中国传统文化的传承和发展起到了积极的推动作用。
首先,“诗言志” 传统体现了中国古典文学的现实主义精神。
中国古典文学中的许多作品都是以现实生活为题材,反映了社会的黑暗和人民的苦难,表达了诗人对社会现实的关注和批判。
其次,“诗言志” 传统体现了中国古典文学的人文主义精神。
中国古典文学中的许多作品都是以人的情感、思想和行为为题材,表达了诗人对人性的赞美和对人类命运的关注。
最后,“诗言志” 传统体现了中国古典文学的审美价值。
中国古典文学中的许多作品都是以优美的语言、深刻的思想和丰富的情感为特色,表达了诗人对美的追求和对艺术的热爱。
精品解析:湖北省襄阳市第五中学2022-2023学年高二上学期12月月考生物试题 (1)
襄阳五中高二年级十二月月考生物试题一、单项选择题1.如图表示人体内的细胞与外界环境之间进行物质交换的过程。
下列叙述不正确的是()A.①~①分别代表血浆、淋巴和组织液,共同构成人体内环境B.过量补充生理盐水时,会影响pH的稳态,也会使血浆中K+的浓度偏低C.①中无机盐浓度过高时,垂体释放的相关激素会增加D.当人体蛋白质长期供应不足时,①处的渗透压下降,①处的渗透压明显上升2.科学家通过研究发现,人血液pH通常在7.35~7.45之间,变化不大的原因不包括()①H2CO3/ NaHCO3等缓冲对对血液酸碱度起缓冲作用①通过呼吸系统可不断排出CO2①血浆中过多的碳酸氢盐可以由肾脏随尿排出体外①神经系统对呼吸运动强度的调节有利于维持血液pH的相对稳定①食物中的碱性物质与新陈代谢产生的酸性物质所构成的缓冲对调节了血液pHA.①B.①C.①D.①3.图①是某组织局部结构模式图。
图①是人体甲状腺激素分泌的分级调节示意图,甲、乙、丙分别代表腺体名称,X、Y代表激素名称。
下列叙述不正确的是A.图①中,红细胞通过协助扩散吸收血糖进行无氧呼吸产生CO2B.某人长期营养不良,则会引起图①中A液增多C.地方性甲状腺肿大与图①中Y激素分泌过量有关D.图①中甲既是神经系统的一部分,又能分泌激素,还能受激素调节4.氨基酸脱氨基产生的氨经肝脏代谢转变为尿素,此过程发生障碍时,大量进入脑组织的氨与谷氨酸反应生成谷氨酰胺,谷氨酰胺含量增加可引起脑组织水肿、代谢障碍,患者会出现昏迷、膝跳反射明显增强等现象。
下列说法错误的是()A.兴奋经过膝跳反射神经中枢的时间比经过缩手反射神经中枢的时间短B.患者膝跳反射增强的原因是高级神经中枢对低级神经中枢的控制减弱C.静脉输入抗利尿激素类药物,可有效减轻脑组织水肿D.患者能进食后,应减少蛋白类食品摄入5.学生参加适度的体育锻炼和体力劳动有助于增强体质,改善神经系统功能。
关于锻炼和劳动具有的生理作用,下列叙述错误的是()A.有利于增强循环和呼吸系统的功能B.有助于机体进行反射活动C.有利于突触释放递质进行兴奋的双向传递D.有益于学习和记忆活动6.奋战在抗击新冠疫情一线的医护人员是最美逆行者。
高二12月月考试题 51(共25页)
〔有删减(shān jiǎn)〕
〔2〕?陈情表?中李密表示“,〞将来要不惜性命为国出力,死了也要报答陛下的恩情。
〔3〕?诗经·氓?中“,〞批评男子的爱情没有定准感情一变再变。
〔4〕在?赋?中,苏轼用“________________,___________________〞两句概括(gàikuò)了曹操的HY队在攻破后顺流而下的HY容之盛。
A.新的科技黑箱可以为相对“无知识〞的年轻一代提供崛起和赶超的时机,他们即使没有掌握科技黑箱中的知识,也可以享用这些知识。
B.要不要学习集成于科技黑箱中已经贬值的科技知识,作者并没有给出直接之答案,但提示我们,应当对这些知识予以宽容。
C.科技黑箱不仅包括当代的高科技成果,也包括历史上遗留下来的很多技术,如中国的针灸以及各古老民族中的特殊技法。
咏与傅霖少同学。霖隐不仕。咏既显,求霖者三十年,不可得。至是来谒,阍吏白傅霖请见,咏责之曰:“傅先生天下贤士,吾尚不得为友,汝何人,敢名之!〞
〔选自?宋史·张咏传?,有删节〕
7.对以下句子(jù zi)中加点词的解释,不正确的一项是哪一项 〔 〕
A.有夙儒张覃者未第第:科举考中
B.推辱主帅 推:追究
4、答非选择题时,用黑色签字笔或者钢笔将答案书写在答题卡规定的位置上。
5、所有题目必须在规定的答题卡上答题,在试卷上答题无效。
一、古代诗文阅读〔30分〕
〔一〕阅读课内文段,完成1—6小题。〔选择题每一小题2分〕
高二数学 12月份月考参考答案
罗田县育英高级中学高二年级12月份月考数学(理科)试题参考答案一、选择题ABABD DBBCD 二、填空题11.、5/13 12、48 13、( ) 14、r<>0 17 15、1 2 3 三、解答题16、解:122122()11m m n nm m m n n n f x C x C x C x C x C x C x =+++++++++112222()()m n m n C C x C C x =+++++. 由题意19m n +=,m n *∈N ,.2x ∴项的系数为222(1)(1)1919172224m nm m n n C C m --⨯⎛⎫+=+=-+ ⎪⎝⎭.∵m n *∈N ,,根据二次函数知识,当9m =或10时,上式有最小值,也就是当9m =,10n =或10m =,9n =时,2x 项的系数取得最小值,最小值为81.17、解: 将一颗骰子先后抛掷2次,此问题中含有36个等可能基本事件-----------2分(1) 记“两数之和为8”为事件A ,则事件A 中含有5个基本事件,所以P(A )=536;答:两数之和为6的概率为536。
--------- 5分(2)记“两数之和是3的倍数”为事件B ,则事件B 中含有12个基本事件,所以P (B )=13;答:两数之和是3的倍数的概率为13。
------------8分故甲盒恰有2个红球的概率12131()()5102P P A P A =+=+=(3) 基本事件总数为36,点(x ,y ),在圆x 2+y 2=25的内部记为事件D ,则D 包含13个事件,所以P (D )=3613。
18、19、解:(1)当3m =时,一个小组有3个人,经过一次检验就能确定化验结果是指经过一次检验,结果为阴性,所以概率为3(10.1)0.729p =-=;(2)当4m =时,一个小组有4个人,这时每个人需要检验的次数是一个随机变量1η,其分布列为所以441150.9(10.9)0.5944E η=⨯+⨯-=;当6m =时,一个小组有6个人,这时需要检验的次数是一个随机变量2η,其分布列为所以662170.9(10.9)0.6466E η=⨯+⨯-=,由于21E E ηη>,因此当每4个人一组时所需要的化验次数更少一些.20、解:(1)、“飞碟投入红袋”,“飞碟投入蓝袋”,“飞碟不入袋”分别记为事件A,B,C。
2022-2023学年吉林省四平市第一高二年级上册学期12月月考数学试题【含答案】
2022-2023学年吉林省四平市第一高级中学高二上学期12月月考数学试题一、单选题1.从6名员工中选出3人分别从事教育、培训、管理三项不同的工作,则选派方案共有( )A .60种B .80种C .100种D .120种【答案】D【分析】利用排列的定义直接列式求解.【详解】从6名员工中选出3人分别从事教育、培训、管理三项不同的工作,则选派方案共(种).36654120A =´´=故选:D .2.下列问题是排列问题的是( )A .10个朋友聚会,每两人握手一次,一共握手多少次?B .平面上有2022个不同的点,且任意三点不共线,连接任意两点可以构成多少条线段?C .集合的含有三个元素的子集有多少个?{}123,,,,n a a a a ⋅⋅⋅D .从高三(19)班的54名学生中选出2名学生分别参加校庆晚会的独唱、独舞节目,有多少种选法?【答案】D【分析】根据排列的定义逐个选项辨析即可.【详解】A 中握手次数的计算与次序无关,不是排列问题;B 中线段的条数计算与点的次序无关,不是排列问题;C 中子集的个数与该集合中元素的次序无关,不是排列问题;D 中,选出的2名学生,如甲、乙,其中“甲参加独唱、乙参加独舞”与“乙参加独唱、甲参加独舞”是2种不同的选法,因此是排列问题.故选:D3.计算:( )7733A =A A .B .C .D .44A 47A 47C 37A 【答案】B【分析】根据排列数公式计算即可【详解】747733A 7!7!===A A 3!(7-4)!故选 :B4.可表示为( )78915⨯⨯⨯⋅⋅⋅⨯A .B .C .D .915A 815A 915C 815C 【答案】A【分析】由排列数公式判断即可【详解】因为是连续9个数和相乘,78915⨯⨯⨯⋅⋅⋅⨯所以,91578915A ⨯⨯⨯⋅⋅⋅⨯=故选:A5.为了丰富学生的课余生活,某学校开设了篮球、书法、美术、吉他、舞蹈、击剑共六门活动课程,甲、乙、丙3名同学从中各自任选一门活动课程参加,则这3名学生所选活动课程不全相同的选法有( )A .120种B .150种C .210种D .216种【答案】C【分析】用甲、乙、丙3名同学从中各自任选一门活动课程参加的方法数,减去3名学生所选活动课程全部相同的方法数,从而求得正确答案.【详解】依题意,每名同学都有种选择方法,6所以这3名学生所选活动课程不全相同的选法有种.366210-=故选:C6.将4张座位编号分别为1,2,3,4的电影票全部分给三人,每人至少1张.如果分给同一人的2张电影票具有连续的编号,那么不同的分法种数是( )A .24B .18C .12D .6【答案】B【分析】首先将张一份的电影票编号连续,列出所有可能的分法,再将三份电影票分给三个人,2按照分步乘法计数原理计算可得;【详解】解:将4张电影票分成三份,其中2张一份的电影票编号连续,则有12,3,4;1,23,4;1,2,34三种分法,然后将三份电影票分给三个人,有种分法,所以不同的分法种数为.33A 6=1863=⨯故选:B .7.若一个三位正整数的十位数字比个位数字和百位数字都大,则称这个数为“伞数”,现从这5个数字中任取3个数字,组成没有重复数字的三位数,其中“伞数”共有( )个.1,2,3,4,5A .60B .C .20D .3553【答案】C【分析】根据的“伞数”定义,十位数只能是3,4,5,然后分3类,分别求得“伞数”的个数再求和,【详解】由题意得:十位数只能是3,4,5,当十位数是3时,个位和百位只能是1,2,“伞数”共有个;22A 2=当十位数是4时,个位和百位只能是1,2,3,“伞数”共有个;23A 6=当十位数是5时,个位和百位只能是1,2,3,4,“伞数”共有个;24A 12=所以“伞数”共有20个,故选:C.8.不等式的解集为( )288A 6A x x -<⨯A .B .C .D .[]28,()7,12{712,}xx x N <<∈∣{}8【答案】D【分析】根据排列数的性质和计算公式化简求其解即可.【详解】因为,288A 6A x x -<⨯所以,88!6(8)!(10)!x x <⨯--!所以,(10)(9)6x x --<所以,又,,(7)(12)0x x --<28x ≤≤x ∈N 所以,8x =所以不等式的解集为,288A 6A x x -<⨯{}8故选:D.9.若,则( )3265A !A m =m =A .B .C .D .6543【答案】D【分析】根据排列数与阶乘的公式求解即可【详解】由,则,故.3265A !A m =!6m =3m =故选:D10.将4名新老师安排到三所学校去任教,每所学校至少一人,则不同的安排方案的种数是,,A B C ( )A .54B .36C .24D .18【答案】B【分析】分类讨论分别有两名新教师的情况,进而计算出4名新教师安排到三所学校,,A B C ,,A B C 去任教每所学校至少一人的所有情况,【详解】将4名新教师安排到三所学校去任教,每所学校至少一人,分配方案是:,,,A B C 1,1,2学校有两名新老师:;A 2142C C 12=学校有两名新老师:;B 2142C C 12=学校有两名新老师:C 2142C C 12=所以共有种情况,2142363C C =故选:B.11.用数字0,1,2,3,4,5组成没有重复数字且大于的六位数的个数为( )A .478B .479C .480D .481【答案】B【分析】可从反面入手,考虑比小,即首位是1的情况【详解】用数字0,1,2,3,4,5组成的没有重复数字的六位数的个数为.555A 600=以1为十万位的没有重复数字的六位数的个数为,55A 120=由于是以2为十万位的没有重复数字的六位数中最小的一个,所以没有重复数字且大于的六位数的个数为.6001201479--=故选:B12.中国古代中的“礼、乐、射、御、书、数”合称“六艺”.为传承和弘扬中华优秀传统文化,某校国学社团开展“六艺”讲座活动,每艺安排一次讲座,共讲六次.讲座次序要求“礼”在第一次,“数”不在最后,“射”和“御”两次相邻,则“六艺”讲座不同的次序共有( )A .48种B .36种C .24种D .20种【答案】B【分析】由题意,将“射”和“御”捆绑看作一个元素与“乐”和“书”进行全排列,再将“射”和“御”交换位置,最后安排“数”, 根据分步计数原理即可求解.【详解】解:因为“礼”在第一次,所以只需安排后面五次讲座的次序即可,又“数”不在最后,“射”和“御”两次相邻,所以先将“射”和“御”捆绑看作一个元素与“乐”和“书”进行全排列有种排法,再将“射”和“御”交换33A 位置有种排法,最后安排“数”有种排法,22A 13A 所以根据分步计数原理共有种排法,321323A A A 36=故选:B.13.汉代数学家赵爽在注解《周髀算经》时给出的“赵爽弦图”是我国古代数学的瑰宝.如图所示的弦图由四个全等的直角三角形和一个正方形构成.现用5种不同的颜色对这四个直角三角形和一个正方形区域涂色,要求相邻的区域不能用同一种颜色,则不同的涂色方案有( )A .180B .192C .300D .420【答案】D【分析】将五个区域表示为①②③④⑤,先考虑区域①②③,再分情况考虑区域④⑤,由分步乘法计数原理求解即可.【详解】如图,将五个区域表示为①②③④⑤,对于区域①②③,三个区域两两相邻,有种;对35A 60=于区域④⑤,若①与⑤颜色相同,则④有3种情况,若①与⑤颜色不同,则⑤有2种情况,④有2种情况,此时区域④⑤的情况有种情况;3227+⨯=则一共有种情况607420⨯=故选:D .14.给如图所示的5块区域A ,B ,C ,D ,E 涂色,要求同一区域用同一种颜色,有公共边的区域使用不同的颜色,现有红、黄、蓝、绿、橙5种颜色可供选择,则不同的涂色方法有( )A .120种B .720种C .840种D .960种【答案】D【分析】依次给区域涂色,求出每一步的种数,由乘法分步原理即得解.,,,,A B D C E 【详解】解:A 有5种颜色可选,B 有4种颜色可选,D 有3种颜色可选,C 有4种颜色可选,E 有4种颜色可选,故共有5×4×3×4×4=960种不同的涂色方法.故选:D .二、多选题15.已知,则的可能取值是( )23301A A 2!4m+=-m A .0B .1C .2D .3【答案】CD【分析】将题设中的方程化为,从而可求的可能取值.3A 6m=m 【详解】因为,所以,所以,23301A A 2!4m +=-31A 6142m-⨯+=3A 6m=其中,而 ,,3N m m ∈≤01233333A 1,A 3,A 6A ====所以的值可能是2或3.m 故选:CD .16.下列等式正确的是( )A .B .()111A A m m n n n +++=()1!A 1!m nn n m -=--C .!D .()()!21n n n n =--11A A m m n nn m+=-【答案】ACD【分析】根据阶乘和排列数的运算公式,进行推理与判断选项中的运算是否正确即可.【详解】对于A ,,选项A 正确;(1)A mn n +=()()()()111!!(1)A !11!m n n n n n m n m ++++⋅==-⎡⎤+-+⎣⎦对于B ,,所以选项B 错误;()()1!!A 1!1!m nn n n m n m -==-+⎡⎤--⎣⎦对于C ,,选项C 正确;()()()()()12!!2!11n n n n n n n n n -⋅-==---对于D ,•,选项D 正确.111A m n n m n m +=--()()!!A !1!m n n n n m n m ==-⎡⎤-+⎣⎦故选:ACD .17.(多选)某校以大课程观为理论基础,以关键能力和核心素养的课程化为突破口,深入探索普通高中创新人才培养的校本化课程体系.本学期共开设了八大类校本课程,具体为学科拓展()、X 体艺特长()、实践创新(S )、生涯规划()、国际视野()、公民素养()、大学先修T C I G ()、PBL 项目课程(),假期里决定继续开设这八大类课程,每天开设一类且不重复,连续开D P 设八天,则( )A .某学生从中选两类,共有种选法28A B .课程“”“”排在不相邻两天,共有种排法X T 6267A A C .课程中“S ”“”“”排在相邻三天,且“”只能排在“S ”与“”的中间,共有720种排法C T C TD .课程“”不排在第一天,课程“”不排在最后一天,共有种排法T G ()71167666AA A A +【答案】BD【分析】A 选项,属于组合问题,故为种;B 选项,采用插空法求解;C 选项,采用捆绑法求解;28C D 选项,使用分类加法计数原理进行所求解.【详解】对于A ,某学生从中选两类,如选“”“”与选“”“”是一种选法,没有顺序之分,所X T T X 以种选法计算重复,故A 错误;28A 对于B ,课程“”“”排在不相邻两天,先将剩余六类课程全排列,产生7个空隙,再将课程“”X T X “”插空,共有种排法,故B 正确;T 6267A A 对于C ,课程“S ”,“”,“”排在相邻三天,且“”只能排在“S ”与“”的中间,采用捆绑法,共有C T C T 种排法,故C 错误;6262A A 1440=对于D ,课程“”不排在第一天,课程“”不排在最后一天,则分两类情况:①课程“”排在第一T G G天,②课程“”排在除第一天和最后一天之外的某一天,则共有种排法,故D 正G ()71167666AA A A +确.故选:BD .三、填空题18.方程,的解为_______.421A 18A x x +=x =【答案】5【分析】由排列数公式直接得到关于的方程,解出的值,再代入检验得到答案.x x 【详解】因为,则且,则且421A 18A x x +=14,2x x +≥≥*x ∈N 3x ≥*x ∈N 所以,()()()()112181x x x x x x +--=-即,解得或(舍去).()()1218x x +-=5x =4x =-故答案为: 519.某学校举行校庆文艺晚会,已知节目单中共有七个节目,为了活跃现场气氛,主办方特地邀请了三位老校友演唱经典歌曲,并要将这三个不同节目添入节目单,而不改变原来的节目顺序,则不同的安排方式有________种.【答案】720【分析】根据分步乘法计数原理求得正确答案.【详解】原来个节目,形成个空位,安排一位老校友;78个节目,形成个空位,安排一位老校友;89个节目,形成个空位,安排一位老校友.910所以不同的安排方式有种.8910720⨯⨯=故答案为:72020.如图,一个地区分为5个行政区域,现给地图着色,要求相邻地区不得使用同一颜色,现有4种颜色可供选择,则不同的着色方法共有种___________.(以数字作答)【答案】72【分析】本题考查分类加法计数原理和分步乘法计数原理,按照颜色的种数进行分为3种颜色和四种颜色依次讨论即可.【详解】按照使用颜色的种类分类,第一类:使用了4种颜色,2,4同色,或3,5同色,则共有(种),1424C A 48=第二类:使用了三种颜色,2,4同色且3,5同色,则共有(种)34A 24=所以共有48+24=72(种)故答案为:7221.冬奥会首金诞生于短道速滑男女混合接力赛,赛后4位运动员依次接受采访,曲春雨要求不第1个接受采访,武大靖在任子威后接受采访(可以不相邻),则采访安排方式有__________种.【答案】9【分析】先考虑曲春雨,再结合倍缩法解决定序问题考虑剩下的3位选手,最后由分步计数原理求解即可.【详解】先考虑曲春雨,有3种采访安排,再考虑剩下的3位选手,武大靖在任子威后,有种,按照分步计数原理共有种.3322A 3A =339⨯=故答案为:9.22.正整数484有个不同的正约数___________.【答案】9【分析】先将484分解质因数,484的约数由质因数的乘积组成,使用分步乘法计数原理,可求出484正约数的个数.【详解】22484221111211=⨯⨯⨯=⨯设为484的正约数,则,(,,,,,)d 211i jd =⨯i =012j =012例如:,时,是484的约数,0i =0j =00211=11=1d =⨯⨯,时,是484的约数,1i =2j =12211=2121=242d =⨯⨯,时,是484的约数,2i =2j =22211=4121=484d =⨯⨯因此,484的正约数个数,即的不同取值个数,第一步确定的值,有3种可能,第二步确定的d i j 值,有3种可能,因此的取值共有种.d 339⨯=故答案为:9.23.用0,1,2,3,4,5,6七个数共可以组成______个没有重复数字的三位数.【答案】180【分析】根据分类加法原理和分步乘法原理即可求解.【详解】选0时,0不能在首位,故有个,1226C A 60=不选0时,有个,36A 120=根据分类加法原理,共有个,60120180+=故答案为:180.24.将1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8八个数字排成一排,满足相邻两项以及头尾两项的差均不大于2,则这样的排列方式共有_______种.(用数字作答)【答案】16【分析】根据题意可将该排列问题看成一个圆环上有1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8八个数字使其满足题意要求进行摆放,有两种情形,然后再将此圆环分别从某一个数字处剪开排成一列,一个作为头一个作为尾,由此即可求出结果.【详解】根据题意可将该排列问题看成一个圆环上有1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8八个数字使其满足题意要求进行摆放,有两种情形,如下图所示:然后再将此圆环分别从某一个数字处剪开排成一列,一个作为头一个作为尾,则每一个圆环有8种剪开方式情况,故满足题意的有种.2816⨯=故答案为:.16四、解答题25.3张卡片正、反面分别标有数字1和2,3和4,5和7,若将3张卡片并列组成一个三位数,则可以得到多少个不同的三位数?【答案】333A 248⨯=故可以得到48个不同的三位数【分析】通过分步乘法计数原理即可得到结果【详解】“组成三位数”这件事,分两步完成:第一步:确定排在百位、十位、个位上的卡片,即3个元素的一个全排列,即;33A 第二步:分别确定百位、十位、个位上的数字,各有2种选法,即.32根据分步乘法计数原理,可以得到个不同的三位数.333A 248⨯=26.现有8个人(5男3女)站成一排.(1)其中甲必须站在排头有多少种不同排法?(2)女生必须排在一起,共有多少种不同的排法?(3)其中甲、乙两人不能排在两端有多少种不同的排法?(4)其中甲在乙的左边有多少种不同的排法?(5)甲、乙不能排在前3位,有多少种不同排法?(6)女生两旁必须有男生,有多少种不同排法?【答案】(1)5040(2)4320(3)21600(4)20160(5)14400(6)2880【分析】(1)分两步,先考虑甲必须站在排头的特殊要求,用特殊元素优先法可解;(2)女生必须排在一起,用捆绑法求解;(3)甲、乙两人不能排在两端,用插空法求解;(4)甲在乙的左边,可采用倍缩法求解;(5)甲、乙不能排在前3位,用特殊元素或特殊位置优先法可解;(6)女生两旁必须有男生,用插空法求解.【详解】(1)根据题意,甲必须站在排头,有1种情况,将剩下的7人全排列,有种情况,77A 则甲必须站在排头有种排法;77A 5040=(2)根据题意,先将3名女生看成一个整体,考虑三人之间的顺序,有种情况,33A将这个整体与5名男生全排列,有种情况,则女生必须排在一起的排法有种;66A 3636A A 4320=(3)根据题意,将甲、乙两人安排在中间6个位置,有种情况,将剩下的6人全排列,有26A 种情况,66A 则甲、乙两人不能排在两端有种排法;2666A A 21600=(4)根据题意,将8人全排列,有种情况,其中甲在乙的左边与甲在乙的右边的情况数目相同,88A 则甲在乙的左边有种不同的排法;881A 201602=(5)根据题意,将甲、乙两人安排在后面的5个位置,有种情况,25A 将剩下的6人全排列,有种情况,甲、乙不能排在前3位,有种不同排法;66A 2656A A 14400=(6)根据题意,将5名男生全排列,有种情况,排好后除去2端有4个空位可选,在4个空位55A 中任选3个,安排3名女生,有种情况,34A 则女生两旁必须有男生,有种不同排法.5354A A 2880=。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性,平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益,请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间:9:00-18:30)。
沙井中学2014——2015学年度第一学期月考
高二 年级 物理 试卷
命题人: 曾庆金 (1、2、3班用)
一.单项选择题(每题有且只有一个选项正确,每小题3分,共30分。
)
1.关于磁感应强度与通电导线在磁场中受力情况及其相互关系,下列说法中正确的是
A .一小段通电直导线在磁场中不受安培力作用,该处磁感应强度一定为零
B .一小段通电直导线所受安培力的方向一定与磁场方向垂直
C .只有通电直导线与磁场方向垂直,导线才会受到安培力的作用
D .通电直导线在磁场中所受安培力越大,其磁感应强度一定越大 2.关于磁通量,下列说法中正确的是
A .穿过某个平面的磁通量为零,该平面所在区域磁感应强度一定为零
B .穿过任何一个平面的磁通量越大,该平面所在区域磁感应强度一定越大
C .放置在磁场中的平面面积越大,则穿过该平面的磁通量就越大
D .面积为S 的线圈垂直放在磁感应强度为B 的匀强磁场中,则该线圈的磁通量为BS 3.如图,MN 是匀强磁场中的一块薄金属板,带电粒子(不计重力)在匀强磁场中运动并
穿过金属板,运动轨迹如图中曲线,则可判定 A .粒子带正电
B .粒子的旋转方向是abcde
C .粒子的旋转方向是edcba
D .粒子在上半周所用时间比下半周所用时间长
4. 只“220V 100W ”的灯泡工作时电阻为484Ω,拿一只同样的灯泡来测量它不工作时的电
阻,下列说法中正确的是( ) A 、小于484Ω B 、大于484Ω C 、等于484Ω D 、无法确定 5.电路中有一段金属丝长为L ,电阻为R ,要使电阻变为4R ,下列可行的方法是( ) A.将金属丝均匀拉长至2L B.将金属丝均匀拉长至4L
C.将金属丝对折后拧成一股
D.将金属丝两端的电压提高到原来的4倍
6.如图所示是四只电阻的I -U 图像,这四只电阻并联起来使用时,通过各只电阻的电流
分别是I 1、I 2、I 3、I 4,则( ) A 、I 1>I 2>I 3>I 4
B 、I 1=I 2=I 3=I 4
C 、I 1<I 2<I 3<I 4
D 、无法判断
7.如图所示,在阴极射线管正下方平行放置一根通有足够强直流电流的长直导线,且导线
中电流方向水平向右,则阴极射线将会
A .向上偏转
B .向下偏转
C .向纸内偏转
D .向纸外偏转
8.如图所示电路中,电动势为E ,内阻为r 触片移动时,滑动变阻器两端电压和电路中电流的关系图象如下图中的( )
9.电阻R 和电动机M 相串联接到电路中,如图,已知电阻 R 跟电动机线圈的电阻值R M 相等.电键接通后,电动机正常工作.设电阻R 和电动机M 两端的电压分别为U 1和U 2,经过时间t,电流通过电阻做功W 1,产生热量Q 1,电流通过电动机做功W 2,产生热量Q 2.则有( )
A .U 1<U 2 Q 1=Q 2
B .U 1= U 2 Q 1<Q 2
C .W 1= W 2 Q 1 =Q 2
D .W 1 <W 2 Q 1<Q 2
10.在同一光滑斜面上放同一导体棒,如图所示是两种情况的剖面图。
它们所在空间有磁感应强度大小相等的匀强磁场,但方向不同,一次垂直斜面向上,另一次竖直向上。
两次导体棒A 分别通有电流I 1和I 2,都处于静止平衡。
已知斜面的倾角为,则
A .I 1 所受的安培力竖直向上
B .I 2所受的安培力水平向左
C .I 1 所受的安培力大小为
mg/cos θ D .I
2 所受的安培力大小为mgtan θ
二.双项选择题(每题有且只有两个选项正确,每小题4分,共16分。
选错
不得分,漏选得2分)
11. 磁感应强度的单位1T等于
A .1Wb/m 2
B .1Wb/m
C .1N/(A •m )
D .N/C
12. 如图所示为质谱仪的工作原理示意图,带电粒子被加速电场加速后,进入速度选择器.速
度选择器内相互正交的匀强磁场和匀强电场的强度分别为B 和E .平板S 上有可让粒子通过的狭缝P 和记录粒子位置的胶片 .下列表述正确的是 A .速度选择器中的磁场方向垂直纸面向内 B .速度选择器中的磁场方向垂直纸面向外 C .能通过狭缝P 的带电粒子的速率等于E/B
D .粒子打在胶片上的位置越靠近狭缝P ,粒子的荷质比越小
13.如图所示的电路当中,A 、B 、C 、D 是四只完全相同的灯泡,当滑动变阻器的滑动触头
P 向下滑动时,下列说法正确的是:( )
A .A 灯变亮,
B .B 灯变暗,
C .C 灯变暗,
D .D 灯变亮;
14. 回旋加速器是用来加速一群带电粒子使它们获得很大动能的仪器.两个D 形盒中匀强磁
场的磁感应强度为B 中,若离子源射出的离子电荷量为q ,质量为m ,D 形盒半径R m ,其运动轨迹如图所示.则( ) A .两个D 形盒间缝隙处有稳定电场 B .粒子在D 形盒内做匀加速运动 C .两D 形盒缝隙间接的交流电压周期为
qB
m
2 D .离子离开加速器的速度为
m
qBR m
三、实验题(每空2分,连图4分,共20分。
)
15.(1)、某实验小组在“测定金属电阻率”的实验过程中,正确操作获得金属丝的直径以及电流表、电压表的读数如图所示,则它们的读数值依次是_________、________、
(2)某同学做了“用多用表测电阻”的实验后,对多用表中的“欧姆表”形成了以下一些看法,你认为他的哪些看法是正确的( )
A .欧姆表的刻度是均匀的
B .选挡后必须经过“调零”才能进行测量
C .测电路中的电阻大小时,要将电阻从电路中断开才能进行测量
D. 测电阻时,指针偏转太大,为减小误差,应换用较大的倍率重新调零后再测量 (3)如图所示为用伏安法测量一个定值电阻阻值的实验原理图和所需器材的实物图,现有器材规格如下:
待测电阻Rx (约100Ω)
直流电流表A 1(量程0~50mA ,内阻约50Ω直流电流表A 2(量程0~0.6A ,内阻约5Ω) 直流电压表V 1(量程0~5 V ,内阻约5kΩ) 直流电压表V 2(量程0~15V ,内阻约10kΩ) 直流电源E (电动势4V ,内阻不计)
滑动变阻器R(阻值范围0~15Ω,允许最大电流1A)
电键1个,导线若干条。
①实验时电压表选择______,电流表选择______。
(填仪器字母代号)
②根据实验原理图,在实物图中完成其余连线使之成为完整的实验电路。
③在开关S闭合前,滑动变阻器的滑动端应移到端(填“a”或“b”)。
④实验操作正确的情况下,本实验电阻的测量值真实值。
(填“大于”或“小于”)
四、计算题(本题共3小题,36分。
解答应写出必要的文字说明、方程式和重要的演算步骤。
只写出最后答案的不能得分。
有数值计算的题答案中必须明确写出数值和单位。
)
17.(12分)如图所示,在圆形区域内有垂直纸面的匀强磁场,磁感应强度为B,一个质量为m,电荷量为q的带正电的粒子以初速度ν沿半径方向垂直进入磁场,离开磁场时速度方向与入射方向所成夹角为π/3,求(1)磁场的方向(2)粒子的动时间(3)粒子磁场中运动的路程
18.(10分)在如图所示的电路中,R1=4.0Ω,R2=9Ω,当开关S扳到位置1时,电流表的示数为U1=4.0V;当开关S扳到位置2时,电流表的示数为U2=4.5V;求电源的电动势和内电阻。
19.(12分)如图所示,一宽度D = 4.0cm的区域内,同时存在方向相互垂直的匀强电场和
匀强磁场,一束带电粒子(重力不计)以某一速度垂直射入时恰好不改变运动方向.若
撤去磁场而保留电场,则粒子束射入后可测得粒子束穿过电场时沿竖直方向向上偏移h
= 1.6cm.若撤去电场而保留磁场,则粒子束射入后离开磁场时偏离原方向的距离是多
少?
沙井中学2014——2015学年度第一学期月考
高二 年级 物理 答题卡
命题人: 曾庆金 (1、2、3班用)
一.单项选择题(每题有且只有一个选项正确,每小题3分,共30分。
)
二.双项选择题(每题有且只有两个选项正确,每小题4分,共16分。
选错
三、实验题
(每空2分,连图4分,共20分。
)
15.(1)、___________A 、
____________V 、 ____________mm 。
(2) ( )
(3)①____________,_____________。
②连图
③ _____ ④ _
四、计算题(本题共3小题,34分。
解答应写出必要的文字说明、方程式和重要的演算步骤。
只写出最后答案的不能得分。
有数值计算的题答案中必须明确写出数值和单位。
)
17.(12分)
18.(10分)
19.(12分)。